FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Knapp, AK Avolio, ML Beier, C Carroll, CJW Collins, SL Dukes, JS Fraser, LH Griffin-Nolan, RJ Hoover, DL Jentsch, A Loik, ME Phillips, RP Post, AK Sala, OE Slette, IJ Yahdjian, L Smith, MD AF Knapp, Alan K. Avolio, Meghan L. Beier, Claus Carroll, Charles J. W. Collins, Scott L. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Fraser, Lauchlan H. Griffin-Nolan, Robert J. Hoover, David L. Jentsch, Anke Loik, Michael E. Phillips, Richard P. Post, Alison K. Sala, Osvaldo E. Slette, Ingrid J. Yahdjian, Laura Smith, Melinda D. TI Pushing precipitation to the extremes in distributed experiments: recommendations for simulating wet and dry years SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE climate extremes; drought; field experiments; precipitation regimes; wet years ID CLIMATE EXTREMES; GLOBAL-CHANGE; MANIPULATION EXPERIMENTS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RAINFALL REGIMES; DYNAMICS; EVENTS; CARBON AB Intensification of the global hydrological cycle, ranging from larger individual precipitation events to more extreme multiyear droughts, has the potential to cause widespread alterations in ecosystem structure and function. With evidence that the incidence of extreme precipitation years (defined statistically from historical precipitation records) is increasing, there is a clear need to identify ecosystems that are most vulnerable to these changes and understand why some ecosystems are more sensitive to extremes than others. To date, opportunistic studies of naturally occurring extreme precipitation years, combined with results from a relatively small number of experiments, have provided limited mechanistic understanding of differences in ecosystem sensitivity, suggesting that new approaches are needed. Coordinated distributed experiments (CDEs) arrayed across multiple ecosystem types and focused on water can enhance our understanding of differential ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation extremes, but there are many design challenges to overcome (e. g., cost, comparability, standardization). Here, we evaluate contemporary experimental approaches for manipulating precipitation under field conditions to inform the design of ` Drought-Net', a relatively low-cost CDE that simulates extreme precipitation years. A common method for imposing both dry and wet years is to alter each ambient precipitation event. We endorse this approach for imposing extreme precipitation years because it simultaneously alters other precipitation characteristics (i. e., event size) consistent with natural precipitation patterns. However, we do not advocate applying identical treatment levels at all sites -a common approach to standardization in CDEs. This is because precipitation variability varies > fivefold globally resulting in a wide range of ecosystem-specific thresholds for defining extreme precipitation years. For CDEs focused on precipitation extremes, treatments should be based on each site's past climatic characteristics. This approach, though not often used by ecologists, allows ecological responses to be directly compared across disparate ecosystems and climates, facilitating process-level understanding of ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation extremes. C1 [Knapp, Alan K.; Carroll, Charles J. W.; Griffin-Nolan, Robert J.; Post, Alison K.; Slette, Ingrid J.; Smith, Melinda D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.; Carroll, Charles J. W.; Griffin-Nolan, Robert J.; Post, Alison K.; Slette, Ingrid J.; Smith, Melinda D.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Avolio, Meghan L.] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Beier, Claus] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Ctr Catchments & Urban Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC30-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Dept Biol Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fraser, Lauchlan H.] Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kamloops, BC V2C0C8, Canada. [Hoover, David L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Jentsch, Anke] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Disturbance Ecol, BayCEER, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Loik, Michael E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Phillips, Richard P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yahdjian, Laura] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fac Agron, IFEVA,Catedra Ecol, Ave San Martin 4453,C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aknapp@colostate.edu FU US National Science Foundation; Extreme Drought in Grasslands (EDGE) project (Macrosystems Biology); Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programs of US Geological Survey FX Our analysis was supported by the US National Science Foundation funded Drought-Net Research Coordination Network (Ecosystems Program) and the Extreme Drought in Grasslands (EDGE) project (Macrosystems Biology) with logistical support provided by the School of Global Environmental Sustainability (Colorado State University) and the School of Life Sciences (Arizona State University). DLH gratefully acknowledges support from the Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programs of US Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2017 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1774 EP 1782 DI 10.1111/gcb.13504 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ1AB UT WOS:000397800600003 PM 27633752 ER PT J AU Jafari, N Nuse, BL Moore, CT Dilkina, B Hepinstall-Cymerman, J AF Jafari, Nahid Nuse, Bryan L. Moore, Clinton T. Dilkina, Bistra Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey TI Achieving full connectivity of sites in the multiperiod reserve network design problem SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reserve site selection; Reserve network design; Dynamic reserve site selection; Spatial connectivity; Mixed integer programming ID INTEGER PROGRAMMING APPROACH; LAND MARKET FEEDBACKS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; MINIMAL FRAGMENTATION; DISTRICTING PROBLEM; SELECTION; MODEL; WORLD AB The conservation reserve design problem is a challenge to solve because of the spatial and temporal nature of the problem, uncertainties in the decision process, and the possibility of alternative conservation actions for any given land parcel. Conservation agencies tasked with reserve design may benefit from a dynamic decision system that provides tactical guidance for short-term decision opportunities while maintaining focus on a long-term objective of assembling the best set of protected areas possible. To plan cost-effective conservation over time under time-varying action costs and budget, we propose a multi-period mixed integer programming model for the budget-constrained selection of fully connected sites. The objective is to maximize a summed conservation value over all network parcels at the end of the planning horizon. The originality of this work is in achieving full spatial connectivity of the selected sites during the schedule of conservation actions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jafari, Nahid; Nuse, Bryan L.; Moore, Clinton T.; Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jafari, Nahid; Nuse, Bryan L.; Moore, Clinton T.] Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] US Geol Survey, Athens, GA USA. [Dilkina, Bistra] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Computat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Jafari, N (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Jafari, N (reprint author), Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. EM nahid.jafari@hotmail.com FU U.S. Department of the Interior; Southeast Climate Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center through the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [G13AC00230]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Georgia; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Angela Fuller for a review of the manuscript and for suggestions that improved the work. This project was sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Southeast Climate Science Center and the U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center through the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, (Research Work Order 115, Cooperative Agreement G13AC00230). The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Georgia, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 EI 1873-765X J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD MAY PY 2017 VL 81 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2016.12.017 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA EK7BB UT WOS:000394079400010 ER PT J AU Hansen, GJA Read, JS Hansen, JF Winslow, LA AF Hansen, Gretchen J. A. Read, Jordan S. Hansen, Jonathan F. Winslow, Luke A. TI Projected shifts in fish species dominance in Wisconsin lakes under climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate projections; community composition; largemouth bass; Micropterus salmoides; Sander vitreus; species distribution model; temperate lakes; thermal profiles; walleye ID THERMAL/DISSOLVED OXYGEN HABITAT; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER FISHES; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; MINNESOTA LAKES; RANDOM FORESTS; FUTURE AB Temperate lakes may contain both coolwater fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) and warmwater fish species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Recent declining walleye and increasing largemouth bass populations have raised questions regarding the future trajectories and management actions for these species. We developed a thermodynamic model of water temperatures driven by downscaled climate data and lake-specific characteristics to estimate daily water temperature profiles for 2148 lakes in Wisconsin, US, under contemporary (1989-2014) and future (2040-2064 and 2065-2089) conditions. We correlated contemporary walleye recruitment and largemouth bass relative abundance to modeled water temperature, lake morphometry, and lake productivity, and projected lake-specific changes in each species under future climate conditions. Walleye recruitment success was negatively related and largemouth bass abundance was positively related to water temperature degree days. Both species exhibited a threshold response at the same degree day value, albeit in opposite directions. Degree days were predicted to increase in the future, although the magnitude of increase varied among lakes, time periods, and global circulation models (GCMs). Under future conditions, we predicted a loss of walleye recruitment in 33-75% of lakes where recruitment is currently supported and a 27-60% increase in the number of lakes suitable for high largemouth bass abundance. The percentage of lakes capable of supporting abundant largemouth bass but failed walleye recruitment was predicted to increase from 58% in contemporary conditions to 86% by mid-century and to 91% of lakes by late century, based on median projections across GCMs. Conversely, the percentage of lakes with successful walleye recruitment and low largemouth bass abundance was predicted to decline from 9% of lakes in contemporary conditions to only 1% of lakes in both future periods. Importantly, we identify up to 85 resilient lakes predicted to continue to support natural walleye recruitment. Management resources could target preserving these resilient walleye populations. C1 [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Read, Jordan S.; Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Off Water Informat, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Hansen, Jonathan F.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 101 S Webster St, Middleton, WI 53707 USA. [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Hansen, Jonathan F.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1200 Warner Rd, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. RP Hansen, GJA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA.; Hansen, GJA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM Gretchen.hansen@state.mn.us FU Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; United States Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center [10909172]; WDNR Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-95-P] FX We thank current and past employees of the Wisconsin DNR, the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, and citizen volunteers of Wisconsin for the data collection and collation that made this project possible. We are grateful to the bass-walleye team for generating a never-ending list of interesting research questions and management applications: Steve Carpenter, Jereme Gaeta, Daisuke Goto, Joe Hennessey, Dan Isermann, Craig Kelling, John Lyons, Eric Pedersen, Andrew Rypel, Greg Sass, Kaitlin Schnell, Tyler Tunney, and Jake Vander Zanden. Thanks to Jennifer Filbert, Alex Latzka, Mona Papes, and Dan Oele for data gathering to support the lake temperature modeling, and to Tom Cichosz, Steve Hewett, and Joe Hennessy for sharing their extensive knowledge of the walleye dataset. GH owes a huge gratitude to John Lyons for support and ideas. Thanks also to Peter Jacobson, Todd Kalish, John Lyons, Jeff Ziegeweid, Kevin Wehrly, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was funded by the Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center under the proposal 'An integrated assessment of lake and stream thermal habitat under climate change', the United States Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center grant 10909172 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the WDNR Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-95-P, study SSBW). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1463 EP 1476 DI 10.1111/gcb.13462 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6XW UT WOS:000396836800009 PM 27608297 ER PT J AU Cailleret, M Jansen, S Robert, EMR Desoto, L Aakala, T Antos, JA Beikircher, B Bigler, C Bugmann, H Caccianiga, M Cada, V Camarero, JJ Cherubini, P Cochard, H Coyea, MR Cufar, K Das, AJ Davi, H Delzon, S Dorman, M Gea-Izquierdo, G Gillner, S Haavik, LJ Hartmann, H Heres, AM Hultine, KR Janda, P Kane, JM Kharuk, VI Kitzberger, T Klein, T Kramer, K Lens, F Levanic, T Calderon, JCL Lloret, F Lobodo-Vale, R Lombardi, F Rodriguez, RL Makinen, H Mayr, S Meszaros, I Metsaranta, JM Minunno, F Oberhuber, W Papadopoulos, A Peltoniemi, M Petritan, AM Rohner, B Sanguesa-Barreda, G Sarris, D Smith, JM Stan, AB Sterck, F Stojanovic, DB Suarez, ML Svoboda, M Tognetti, R Torres-Ruiz, JM Trotsiuk, V Villalba, R Vodde, F Westwood, AR Wyckoff, PH Zafirov, N Martinez-Vilalta, J AF Cailleret, Maxime Jansen, Steven Robert, Elisabeth M. R. Desoto, Lucia Aakala, Tuomas Antos, Joseph A. Beikircher, Barbara Bigler, Christof Bugmann, Harald Caccianiga, Marco Cada, Vojtech Camarero, Jesus J. Cherubini, Paolo Cochard, Herve Coyea, Marie R. Cufar, Katarina Das, Adrian J. Davi, Hendrik Delzon, Sylvain Dorman, Michael Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo Gillner, Sten Haavik, Laurel J. Hartmann, Henrik Heres, Ana-Maria Hultine, Kevin R. Janda, Pavel Kane, Jeffrey M. Kharuk, Vyacheslav I. Kitzberger, Thomas Klein, Tamir Kramer, Koen Lens, Frederic Levanic, Tom Linares Calderon, Juan C. Lloret, Francisco Lobodo-Vale, Raquel Lombardi, Fabio Lopez Rodriguez, Rosana Makinen, Harri Mayr, Stefan Meszaros, Ilona Metsaranta, Juha M. Minunno, Francesco Oberhuber, Walter Papadopoulos, Andreas Peltoniemi, Mikko Petritan, Any M. Rohner, Brigitte Sanguesa-Barreda, Gabriel Sarris, Dimitrios Smith, Jeremy M. Stan, Amanda B. Sterck, Frank Stojanovic, Dejan B. Suarez, Maria L. Svoboda, Miroslav Tognetti, Roberto Torres-Ruiz, Jose M. Trotsiuk, Volodymyr Villalba, Ricardo Vodde, Floor Westwood, Alana R. Wyckoff, Peter H. Zafirov, Nikolay Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi TI A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiosperms; death; drought; growth; gymnosperms; pathogens; ring-width; tree mortality ID DROUGHT-INDUCED MORTALITY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; SCOTS PINE; BEETLE ATTACK; CARBOHYDRATE DYNAMICS; VEGETATION MORTALITY; FOREST; CLIMATE; CARBON AB Tree mortality is a key factor influencing forest functions and dynamics, but our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and the associated changes in tree growth rates are still limited. We compiled a new pan-continental tree-ring width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (2970 dead and 4224 living trees from 190 sites, including 36 species), and compared early and recent growth rates between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. We observed a decrease in radial growth before death in ca. 84% of the mortality events. The extent and duration of these reductions were highly variable (1-100 years in 96% of events) due to the complex interactions among study species and the source(s) of mortality. Strong and long-lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade-and drought-tolerant species, and trees that died from competition. Angiosperms and trees that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark-beetles) typically showed relatively small and short-term growth reductions. Our analysis did not highlight any universal trade-off between early growth and tree longevity within a species, although this result may also reflect high variability in sampling design among sites. The intersite and interspecific variability in growth patterns before mortality provides valuable information on the nature of the mortality process, which is consistent with our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to mortality. Abrupt changes in growth immediately before death can be associated with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark-beetle attack, while long-term decrease in growth may be associated with a gradual decline in hydraulic performance coupled with depletion in carbon reserves. Our results imply that growth-based mortality algorithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not necessarily so for angiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark-beetle outbreaks. C1 [Cailleret, Maxime; Bigler, Christof; Bugmann, Harald; Rohner, Brigitte] ETH, Forest Ecol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Univ Str 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Jansen, Steven] Univ Ulm, Inst Systemat Bot & Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Robert, Elisabeth M. R.; Heres, Ana-Maria; Lloret, Francisco; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi] CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Robert, Elisabeth M. R.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Lab Plant Biol & Nat Management APNA, Pl Laan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Robert, Elisabeth M. R.] RMCA, Lab Wood Biol & Xylarium, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Desoto, Lucia] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, Ctr Funct Ecol, P-3000456 Coimbra, Portugal. [Aakala, Tuomas; Minunno, Francesco] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27 Latokartanonkaari 7, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Antos, Joseph A.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, STN CSC, POB 3020, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Beikircher, Barbara; Mayr, Stefan; Oberhuber, Walter] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Bot, Sternwartestr 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Caccianiga, Marco] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Biosci, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cada, Vojtech; Janda, Pavel; Svoboda, Miroslav; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Kamycka 961-129, Prague 16521 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic. [Camarero, Jesus J.; Sanguesa-Barreda, Gabriel] CSIC, IPE, Ave Montanana 1005, Zaragoza 50192, Spain. [Cherubini, Paolo; Petritan, Any M.; Rohner, Brigitte] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Cochard, Herve] Univ Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Unite Mixte Rech UMR PIAF 547, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Coyea, Marie R.] Univ Laval, Dept Sci Bois & Foret, Ctr Forest Res, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, 2405 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Cufar, Katarina] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Das, Adrian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 47050 Generals Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Davi, Hendrik] INRA, Ecol Forest Mediterraneennes URFM, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Delzon, Sylvain; Torres-Ruiz, Jose M.] Univ Bordeaux, Unite Mixte Rech UMR BIOGECO 1202, INRA, F-33615 Pessac, France. [Dorman, Michael] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Dev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria INIA, Ctr Invest Forestal CIFOR, Carretera La Coruna Km 7-5, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Gillner, Sten] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Forest Bot & Forest Zool, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Gillner, Sten] TU Berlin, Fachgebiet Vegetat Tech & Pflanzenverwendung, Inst Landschaftsarchitektur & Umweltplanung, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Haavik, Laurel J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Haavik, Laurel J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Hartmann, Henrik] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Heres, Ana-Maria] CSIC, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, Natl Museum Nat Hist MNCN, C Serrano 115Bis, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Desert Bot Garden, Dept Res Conservat & Collect, 1201 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Kane, Jeffrey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Kitzberger, Thomas] Univ Nacl Comahue, Dept Ecol, Quintral S-N, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Kitzberger, Thomas; Suarez, Maria L.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Invest Biodiversidad & Medio Ambiente INIBOM, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Klein, Tamir] ARO, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Kramer, Koen] Wageningen Univ, Alterra Green World Res, Droevendaalse Steeg 1, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Lens, Frederic] Leiden Univ, Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Levanic, Tom] Slovenian Forestry Inst, Dept Yield & Silviculture, Vecna Pot 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Linares Calderon, Juan C.] Pablo de Olavide Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Nat Syst, Carretera Utrera Km 1, Seville 41013, Spain. [Lloret, Francisco; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Lobodo-Vale, Raquel] Univ Lisbon, Forest Res Ctr, Sch Agr, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Lombardi, Fabio] Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agr Sci, I-89060 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. [Lopez Rodriguez, Rosana] Tech Univ Madrid, Forest Genet & Physiol Res Grp, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 7, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Lopez Rodriguez, Rosana] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Sci Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. [Makinen, Harri] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Viikinkaari 4, Helsinki 00790, Finland. [Meszaros, Ilona] Univ Debrecen, Dept Bot, Fac Sci & Technol, Egyet Ter 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. [Metsaranta, Juha M.] Nat Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, 5320-122nd St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Papadopoulos, Andreas] Technol Educ Inst TEI Stereas Elladas, Dept Forestry & Nat Environm Management, Ag Georgiou 1, Karpenissi 36100, Greece. [Peltoniemi, Mikko] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, POB 18 Jokiniemenkuja 1, Vantaa 01301, Finland. [Petritan, Any M.] Natl Inst Res Dev Forestry Marin Dracea, Eroilor 128, Voluntari 077190, Romania. [Sarris, Dimitrios] Open Univ Cyprus, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, CY-2252 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Sarris, Dimitrios] Univ Cyprus, Dept Biol Sci, POB 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Sarris, Dimitrios] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Div Plant Biol, Patras 26500, Greece. [Smith, Jeremy M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stan, Amanda B.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Recreat, POB 15016, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sterck, Frank] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Stojanovic, Dejan B.] Univ Novi Sad, Inst Lowland Forestry & Environm, Antona Cehova 13,POB 117, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Tognetti, Roberto] Univ Molise, Dipartimenti Biosci & Terr, I-86090 C Da Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Italy. [Tognetti, Roberto] Project Ctr Mt Forests MOUNTFOR, EFI, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Italy. [Villalba, Ricardo] CCT CONICET Mendoza, Lab Dendrocronol & Hist Ambiental, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol & Ciencias Ambiental, Ave Ruiz Leal S-N,Parque Gen San Martin, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Vodde, Floor] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Westwood, Alana R.] Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Wyckoff, Peter H.] Univ Minnesota, 600 East 4th St, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Zafirov, Nikolay] Univ Forestry, Kliment Ohridski St 10, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria. RP Cailleret, M (reprint author), ETH, Forest Ecol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Univ Str 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM cailleret.maxime@gmail.com RI Torres-Ruiz, Jose Manuel/I-6587-2012; Tognetti, Roberto/C-4962-2008; Vodde, Floortje/E-9465-2017; Bigler, Christof/C-6271-2009; Jansen, Steven/A-9868-2012; OI Torres-Ruiz, Jose Manuel/0000-0003-1367-7056; Tognetti, Roberto/0000-0002-7771-6176; Vodde, Floortje/0000-0003-1764-6193; Jansen, Steven/0000-0002-4476-5334; Janda, Pavel/0000-0003-4732-6908; Aakala, Tuomas/0000-0003-0160-6410 FU EU [FP1106, FEDER 0087 TRANSHABITAT, LIFE12 ENV/FI/000409]; Swiss National Science Foundation [140968]; German Research Foundation [JA 2174/3-1]; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO, Belgium); EU HORIZON Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IF Fellowship [659191]; Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/70632/2010, SFRH/BPD/86938/2012]; Academy of Finland [252629, 276255, 257641, 265504]; British Columbia Forest Science Program; Forest Renewal BC (Canada); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [T667-B16, FWF P25643-B16]; Czech Ministry of Education (MSMT) [LD13064, LD14074]; Spanish Ministry of Economy [CGL2015-69186-C21-R, CGL2013-48843-C2-2-R, CGL2012-32965]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Service de la protection contre les insectes et les maladies du ministere des forets du Quebec (Canada); Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) Program [P4-0015]; United States Geological Survey (USGS); French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-06VULN-004]; Metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); Jewish National Fund (Israel); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AGL2014-61175-JIN, CGL2013-46808-R]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) through the Project REGKLAM (Germany) [01 LR 0802]; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (United States of America); United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2007-60120, CSD2008-0040]; Spanish Ministry of Education via a FPU Scholarship; Russian Science Foundation [14-24-00112]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) (Argentina) [PIP 112-201101-00058, PIP 112-2011010-0809]; Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel); Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael (KKL) - Jewish National Fund (JNF) [90-9-608-08]; Sussman Center (Israel); Cathy Wills and Robert Lewis Program in Environmental Science (United Kingdom); France-Israel High Council for Research Scientific and Technological Cooperation [3-6735]; Minerva Foundation (Germany); Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; project 'Resilience of Forests' of the Ministry of Economic Affairs [KB19]; program and research group Forest Ecology, Biology and Technology (Slovenia) [P4-0107]; EU through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IOF Fellowship [624473]; Sparkling Science of the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) of Austria; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [K101552]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swiss Research Fellowship [13.272 - OAKAGE]; American National Science Foundation [0743498]; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (Canada); Public Enterprise 'Vojvodinasume'; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) [PIP 11420110100080]; El Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCyT) [PICT 2012-2009]; Italian Ministry of Education (University and Research, Ciclo del Carbonio ed altri gas serra in ecosistemi forestali, naturali ed artificiali dell'America Latina: analisi preliminare, studio di fattibilita e comparazione con ecosistemi italiani); EU LIFE+ Project MANFOR C.BD. (Environment Policy and Governance, Managing forests for multiple purposes: carbon, biodiversity and socioeconomic wellbeing); Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) (Canada) through the University of Winnipeg; Manitoba Conservation (Canada) FX This study generated from the COST Action STReESS (FP1106) financially supported by the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. We are particularly grateful to Professor Dr. Ute Sass-Klaassen from Wageningen University (the Netherlands), chair of the action, for making this metastudy possible. We also thank members of the Laboratory of Plant Ecology from the University of Ghent (Belgium) for their help while compiling the database; Louise Filion for sharing her dataset; Dario Martin-Benito for providing some For-Clim parameters; the ARC-NZ Vegetation Function Network for supporting the compilation of the Xylem Functional Traits dataset; Edurne Martinez del Castillo for the creation of Fig. 1; and two anonymous reviewers and Phillip van Mantgem (USGS) for their suggestions to improve the quality of the manuscript. MC was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project Number 140968); SJ by the German Research Foundation (JA 2174/3-1); EMRR by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO, Belgium), and by the EU HORIZON 2020 Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IF Fellowship (No. 659191); LDS by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BPD/70632/2010); TA by the Academy of Finland (Project Nos. 252629 and 276255); JAA by the British Columbia Forest Science Program and the Forest Renewal BC (Canada); BB and WO by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Hertha Firnberg Programme Project T667-B16 and FWF P25643-B16); VC, PJ, MS, and VT by the Czech Ministry of Education (MSMT, Project COST CZ Nos.; LD13064 and LD14074); JJC, JCLC, and GSB by the Spanish Ministry of Economy (Projects CGL2015-69186-C21-R, CGL2013-48843-C2-2-R, and CGL2012-32965) and the EU (Project FEDER 0087 TRANSHABITAT); MRC by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and by the Service de la protection contre les insectes et les maladies du ministere des forets du Quebec (Canada); KC by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) Program P4-0015; AD by the United States Geological Survey (USGS); HD by the French National Research Agency (ANR, DRYADE Project ANR-06VULN-004) and the Metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); MD by the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as a chief scientist and by the Jewish National Fund (Israel); GGI by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-61175-JIN); SG by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) through the Project REGKLAM (Grant Number: 01 LR 0802) (Germany); LJH by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (United States of America) and the United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service; HH by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AMH by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2007-60120 and CSD2008-0040) and by the Spanish Ministry of Education via a FPU Scholarship; VIK by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant #14-24-00112); TKi and RV by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET Grant PIP 112-201101-00058 and PIP 112-2011010-0809) (Argentina); TKl by the Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) under supervision of Professor Dan Yakir, by the Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael (KKL) - Jewish National Fund (JNF) (Alberta-Israel Program 90-9-608-08), by the Sussman Center (Israel), by the Cathy Wills and Robert Lewis Program in Environmental Science (United Kingdom), by the France-Israel High Council for Research Scientific and Technological Cooperation (Project 3-6735), and by the Minerva Foundation (Germany); KK by the project 'Resilience of Forests' of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (the Netherlands - WUR Investment theme KB19); TL by the program and research group P4-0107 Forest Ecology, Biology and Technology (Slovenia); RLV by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT; SFRH/BPD/86938/2012); RLR by the EU FP7 Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IOF Fellowship (No. 624473); HM by the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 257641 and 265504); SM by Sparkling Science of the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) of Austria; IM by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (No. K101552); JMM by the Circumpolar-Boreal Alberta grants program from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MP by the EU Project LIFE12 ENV/FI/000409; AMP by a Swiss Research Fellowship (Sciex-NMSch, Project 13.; 272 - OAKAGE); JMS by the American National Science Foundation (Grant 0743498); ABS by the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (Canada); DS by the Public Enterprise 'Vojvodinasume' (project Improvement of Lowland Forest Management); MLS by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET Grant PIP 11420110100080) and by El Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCyT Grant PICT 2012-2009); RT by the Italian Ministry of Education (University and Research 2008, Ciclo del Carbonio ed altri gas serra in ecosistemi forestali, naturali ed artificiali dell'America Latina: analisi preliminare, studio di fattibilita e comparazione con ecosistemi italiani) and by the EU LIFE+ Project MANFOR C.BD. (Environment Policy and Governance 2009, Managing forests for multiple purposes: carbon, biodiversity and socioeconomic wellbeing); ARW by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) (Canada) through the University of Winnipeg and by Manitoba Conservation (Canada); and JMV by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant CGL2013-46808-R). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1675 EP 1690 DI 10.1111/gcb.13535 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6XW UT WOS:000396836800026 PM 27759919 ER PT J AU Lai, VH Graves, RW Wei, S Helmberger, D AF Lai, Voon Hui Graves, Robert W. Wei, Shengji Helmberger, Don TI Evidence for strong lateral seismic velocity variation in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the California margin SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE waveform modeling; lithosphere; California; plate boundary; velocity structure; San Andreas fault ID BAND REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; LITHOSPHERE BENEATH; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; WAVE; TOMOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION; PACIFIC AB Regional seismograms from earthquakes in Northern California show a systematic difference in arrival times across Southern California where long period (30-50s) SH waves arrive up to 15searlier at stations near the coast compared with sites towards the east at similar epicentral distances. We attribute this time difference to heterogeneity of the velocity structure at the crust-mantle interface beneath the California margin. To model these observations, we propose a fast seismic layer, with thickness growing westward from the San Andreas along with a thicker and slower continental crust to the east. Synthetics generated from such a model are able to match the observed timing of SH waveforms better than existing 3D models. The presence of a strong upper mantle buttressed against a weaker crust has a major influence in how the boundary between the Pacific plate and North American plate deforms and may explain the observed asymmetric strain rate across the boundary. (C) 2017 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lai, Voon Hui; Helmberger, Don] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Wei, Shengji] Earth Observ Singapore, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Lai, VH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vlai@caltech.edu OI Lai, Voon Hui/0000-0002-0738-0187 FU USGS Earthquake Hazards Program [G15AP00029]; NSF-Earthscope program [EAR-1358646]; USGS [G14AC00109] FX This work is supported by USGS Earthquake Hazards Program award G15AP00029 along with partial support from NSF-Earthscope program, EAR-1358646 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G14AC00109. Constructive reviews provided by Brad Aagaard, Annemarie Baltay, Carl Tape and an anonymous reviewer were very helpful in improving the manuscript. Waveform data for this study were accessed through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), http://dx.doi.org/10.7932/ NCEDC, and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) at Caltech, http://dx.doi.org/10.7909/C3WD3xH1. Maps were created using General Mapping Tools (GMT) software (Wessel et al., 2013). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 463 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EN3PA UT WOS:000395919200019 ER PT J AU Brown, KM Poeppe, D Josh, M Sample, J Even, E Saffer, D Tobin, H Hirose, T Kulongoski, JT Toczko, S Maeda, L AF Brown, Kevin M. Poeppe, Dean Josh, Matthew Sample, James Even, Emilie Saffer, Demian Tobin, Harold Hirose, Takehiro Kulongoski, J. T. Toczko, Sean Maeda, Lena CA IODP Expedition 348 Shipboard Part TI The action of water films at angstrom-scales in the Earth: Implications for the Nankai subduction system SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanofilms; ultrafiltration; ion dehydration; pore fluid evolution; porosity evolution; overpressuring ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CLAY MEMBRANE; FLUID-FLOW; PORE-SIZE; HYDRATION; FRACTIONATION; ISOTOPES; MONTMORILLONITE; DEHYDRATION; DIFFUSION AB Water properties change with confinement within nanofilms trapped between natural charged clay particles. We investigated nanofilm characteristics through high-stress laboratory compression tests in combination with analyses of expelled pore fluids. We utilized sediments obtained from deep drilling of the Nankai subduction zone at Site C0002 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). We show that below 1-2 km, there should be widespread ultrafiltration of migrating fluids. Experiments to >similar to 100MPanormal compression collapse pores below a few ion monofilm thicknesses. A reduction towards a single condensing/dehydrating ion monofilm occurs as stresses rise > 100-200MPa and clay separations are reduced to < 10-20 angstrom. Thus, porosity in high mineral surface area systems only consists of double and single monofilms at depths below a few km leaving little room for either bulk water or the deep biosphere. The resulting semipermeable properties result in variable segregation of ions and charged isotopes and water during active flow. The ultrafiltration and ion dehydration processes are coupled in that both require the partial immobilization of ions between the charged clay surfaces. The general effect is to increase salinities in residual pore fluids at depth and freshen fluids expelled during consolidation. Cessation of nanofilm collapse to a near constant similar to 17 angstrom below 2 km depth at Nankai supports the contention for the onset of substantial geopressuring on the deeper seismogenic fault. The properties of monofilm water, thus, have considerable implications for the deep water properties of subduction zones generating major tremor and Mw 8+ earthquakes. Indeed, the combined effects of advective flow, ultrafiltration, diffusion, and diagenesis could provide a unifying explanation for the origins of overpressuring and pore water geochemical signals observed in many natural systems. (C) 2017 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Kevin M.; Poeppe, Dean] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Josh, Matthew] CSIRO Petr, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Sample, James] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Even, Emilie] Osaka City Univ, Dept Geosci, Osaka, Japan. [Tobin, Harold] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Saffer, Demian] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hirose, Takehiro] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Kulongoski, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Toczko, Sean; Maeda, Lena] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, 3173-25 Showa Machi Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RP Brown, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kmbrown@ucsd.edu; djpj1977@yahoo.com; Matthew.Josh@csiro.au; James.Sample@nau.edu; evenieh@gmail.com; dms45@psu.edu; htobin@wisc.edu; hiroset@jamstec.go.jp; kulongos@usgs.gov; sean@jamstec.go.jp FU U.S. Science Support Program (USSSP) grant [T348A22]; IODP; IMI; University of California academic senate; RV Chikyu LEG FX We would like to thank IODP, IMI and the RV Chikyu LEG 348 crew, and the University of California academic senate for their funding of this project. Further funding provided by U.S. Science Support Program (USSSP) grant number T348A22. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 463 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.042 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EN3PA UT WOS:000395919200025 ER PT J AU Greenwood, S Ruiz-Benito, P Martinez-Vilalta, J Lloret, F Kitzberger, T Allen, CD Fensham, R Laughlin, DC Kattge, J Bonisch, G Kraft, NJB Jump, AS AF Greenwood, Sarah Ruiz-Benito, Paloma Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi Lloret, Francisco Kitzberger, Thomas Allen, Craig D. Fensham, Rod Laughlin, Daniel C. Kattge, Jens Boenisch, Gerhard Kraft, Nathan J. B. Jump, Alistair S. TI Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Climate change; die-off; forest dynamics; functional traits ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; EL-NINO DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; EUROPEAN FORESTS; TROPICAL FORESTS; EXTREME DROUGHT; PONDEROSA PINE; MIXED-CONIFER AB Drought events are increasing globally, and reports of consequent forest mortality are widespread. However, due to a lack of a quantitative global synthesis, it is still not clear whether drought-induced mortality rates differ among global biomes and whether functional traits influence the risk of drought-induced mortality. To address these uncertainties, we performed a global meta-analysis of 58 studies of drought-induced forest mortality. Mortality rates were modelled as a function of drought, temperature, biomes, phylogenetic and functional groups and functional traits. We identified a consistent global-scale response, where mortality increased with drought severity [ log mortality (trees trees(-1) year(-1)) increased 0.46 (95% CI = 0.2-0.7) with one SPEI unit drought intensity]. We found no significant differences in the magnitude of the response depending on forest biomes or between angiosperms and gymnosperms or evergreen and deciduous tree species. Functional traits explained some of the variation in drought responses between species (i.e. increased from 30 to 37% when wood density and specific leaf area were included). Tree species with denser wood and lower specific leaf area showed lower mortality responses. Our results illustrate the value of functional traits for understanding patterns of drought-induced tree mortality and suggest that mortality could become increasingly widespread in the future. C1 [Greenwood, Sarah; Ruiz-Benito, Paloma; Jump, Alistair S.] Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Ruiz-Benito, Paloma] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Life Sci, Forest Ecol & Restorat Grp, Sci Bldg, Madrid 28805, Spain. [Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi; Jump, Alistair S.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Lloret, Francisco; Kitzberger, Thomas] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola Valles, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Kitzberger, Thomas] CONICET Univ Nacl Comahue, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, New Mexico Landscapes Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Fensham, Rod] Environm Protect Agcy, Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot tha Rd, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. [Fensham, Rod] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Laughlin, Daniel C.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst & Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Kattge, Jens; Boenisch, Gerhard] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Straae 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kattge, Jens] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res IDiv, HalleJenaLeipzig Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Kraft, Nathan J. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Charles Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Greenwood, S (reprint author), Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. EM sarah.greenwood@stir.ac.uk OI Greenwood, Sarah/0000-0001-9104-7936 FU Leverhulme Trust via International Network [IN-2013-004]; European Union [PCOFUND-GA-2010-267243]; University of Stirling; TRY initiative on plant traits; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany; DIVERSITAS, IGBP; Global Land Project; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through its program QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System); French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB); GIS 'Climat, Environnement et Societe' France; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the Western Mountain Initiative) FX This research was supported by The Leverhulme Trust via International Network grant IN-2013-004, together with the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under PCOFUND-GA-2010-267243 (Plant Fellows) co-funded by the University of Stirling. The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db.org). The TRY initiative and database is hosted, developed and maintained by J. Kattge and G. Bonisch (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany). TRY is/has been supported by DIVERSITAS, IGBP, the Global Land Project, the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through its program QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System), the French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB), and GIS 'Climat, Environnement et Societe' France. Support to CD Allen provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the Western Mountain Initiative). We also thank the following authors for kindly providing us with their original tree mortality data: Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Robin Chazdon, Joseph Ganey, Eric Gustafson and Inigo Grazow de la Cerda. We are grateful to three anonymous referees for their constructive comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 147 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 4 BP 539 EP 553 DI 10.1111/ele.12748 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0TZ UT WOS:000397100900015 PM 28220612 ER PT J AU Kraus, RT Vandergoot, CS Kocovsky, PM Rogers, MW Cook, HA Brenden, TO AF Kraus, Richard T. Vandergoot, Christopher S. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Rogers, Mark W. Cook, H. Andrew Brenden, Travis O. TI Reconciling catch differences from multiple fishery independent gill net surveys SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Walleye; Inter-jurisdictional fisheries; Gear comparison ID SAMPLE-SIZES; LAKE-ERIE; SELECTIVITY; LENGTH; EFFICIENCY; WALLEYES; MODELS; TWINE; RATES AB Fishery independent gill net surveys provide valuable demographic information for population assessment and resource management, but relative to net construction, the effects of ancillary species, and environmental variables on focal species catch rates are poorly understood. In response, we conducted comparative deployments with three unique, inter-agency, survey gill nets used to assess walleye Sander Vitreus in Lake Erie. We used an information-theoretic approach with Akaike's second-order information criterion (AIC) to evaluate linear mixed models of walleye catch as a function of net type (Multifilament and two types of monofilament netting), mesh size (categorical), Secchi depth, temperature, water depth, catch of ancillary species, and interactions among selected variables. The model with the greatest weight of evidence showed that walleye catches were positively associated with potential prey arid intra-guild predators and negatively associated with water depth and temperature. In addition, the multifilament net had higher average walleye catches than either of the two monofilament nets. Results from this study both help inform decisions about proposed gear changes to stock assessment surveys in Lake Erie, and advance our understanding of how multispecies associations explain variation in gill net catches. Of broader interest to fishery-independent gill net studies, effects of abiotic variables and ancillary species on focal specie's catch rates were small in comparison with net characteristics of mesh size or twine type. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kraus, Richard T.; Kocovsky, Patrick M.; Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Div Wildlife, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44875 USA. [Cook, H. Andrew] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Lake Erie Management Unit, 320 Milo Rd, Wheatley, ON NOP 2P0, Canada. [Brenden, Travis O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 375 Wilson Rd,Room 101, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rogers, Mark W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Box 5114, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Kraus, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM rkraus@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2017 VL 188 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.004 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EK7AG UT WOS:000394077100003 ER PT J AU DuFour, MR Mayer, CM Kocovsky, PM Qian, SS Warner, DM Kraus, RT Vandergoot, CS AF DuFour, Mark R. Mayer, Christine M. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Qian, Song S. Warner, Dave M. Kraus, Richard T. Vandergoot, Christopher S. TI Sparse targets in hydroacoustic surveys: Balancing quantity and quality of in situ target strength data SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Walleye; Shallow-water; Low-density; Beam compensation; Fisheries ID TRANSDUCER MOTION; DORSAL-ASPECT; FRESH-WATER; FISH; FISHERIES; ACOUSTICS; LAKES; BEAM; ERIE; SWIMBLADDER AB Hydroacoustic sampling of low-density fish in shallow water can lead to low sample sizes of naturally variable target strength (TS) estimates, resulting in both sparse and variable data. Increasing maximum beam compensation (BC) beyond conventional values (i.e., 3 dB beam width) can recover more targets during data analysis; however, data quality decreases near the acoustic beam edges. We identified the optimal balance between data quantity and quality With increasing BC using a standard sphere calibration, and we quantified the effect of BC on fish track variability, size structure, and density estimates of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus). Standard sphere mean TS estimates were consistent with theoretical values (-39.6 dB) up to 18-dB BC, while estimates decreased at greater BC values. Natural sources (i.e., residual and mean TS) dominated total fish track variation, while contributions from measurement related error (i.e., number of single echo detections (SEDs) and BC) were proportionally low. Increasing BC led to more fish encounters and SEDs per fish, while stability in size structure and density were observed at intermediate values (e.g., 18 dB). Detection of medium to large fish (i.e., age-2+ walleye) benefited most from increasing BC, as proportional changes in site structure and density were greatest in these size categories. Therefore, when TS data are sparse and variable, increasing BC to an optimal value (here 18 dB) will maximize the TS data quantity while limiting lower-quality data near the beam edges. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DuFour, Mark R.; Mayer, Christine M.; Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Kocovsky, Patrick M.; Kraus, Richard T.; Vandergoot, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Warner, Dave M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP DuFour, MR (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. EM mark.dufour@rockets.utoledo.edu; christine.mayer@utoledo.edu; pkocovsky@usgs.gov; song.qian@utoledo.edu; dmwarner@usgs.gov; rkraus@usgs.gov; cvandergoot@usgs.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish RestoratiOn Program (Fish Management in Ohio) [F-69-P]; ODNR-DOW [FADR70] FX The authors would like to thank the many involved in the collection and processing of hydroacoustic and gill net data including Robert Mapes, Jason Ross, Jeremy Pritt, Audrey Maran, Ryan Andrews, Betsy Bodamer-Scarbro, Taylor Stewart, Tim Cherry, Dale Hall, Deirdre Jordan, James McFee, and Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife (ODNR-DOW) personnel. We also appreciate constructive feedback on this work from Lars Rudstam, Michael Jech, Daniel Yule, and Michael Connerton. This research was funded by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish RestoratiOn Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio), administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the ODNR-DOW (project FADR70). This work was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Any use of trade, firm, or product flames is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 2017-1 of the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. Sampling and handling of fish was in accordance with guidelines for the care and Use of fishes by the American Fisheries Society (http://fisheries.org/docs/wp/Guidelines-for-Use-of-Fishes.pdf). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2017 VL 188 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.020 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EK7AG UT WOS:000394077100018 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR AF Hossack, Blake R. TI Amphibian dynamics in constructed ponds on a wildlife refuge: developing expected responses to hydrological restoration SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Detection; Drought; Hydrology; Management; Occupancy; Restoration; Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; Wildlife refuge ID COLUMBIA SPOTTED FROG; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WETLAND; USA; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; OCCUPANCY; OREGON; COLONIZATION; DECLINES AB Management actions are based upon predictable responses. To form expected responses to restoration actions, I estimated habitat relationships and trends (2002-2015) for four pond-breeding amphibians on a wildlife refuge (Montana, USA) where changes to restore historical hydrology to the system greatly expanded (ae8 times) the flooded area of the primary breeding site for western toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Additional restoration actions are planned for the near future, including removing ponds that provide amphibian habitat. Multi-season occupancy models based on data from 15 ponds sampled during 7 years revealed that the number of breeding subpopulations increased modestly for Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) and was stationary for long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla). For these three species, pond depth was the characteristic that was associated most frequently with occupancy or changes in colonization and extinction. In contrast, a large decrease in colonization by western toads explained the decline from eight occupied ponds in 2002 to two ponds in 2015. This decline occurred despite an increase in wetland area and the colonization of a newly created pond. These changes highlight the challenges of managing for multiple species and how management responses can be unpredictable, possibly reducing the efficacy of targeted actions. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2017 VL 790 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10750-016-2979-0 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1BE UT WOS:000394354700003 ER PT J AU Symons, WO Sumner, EJ Paull, CK Cartigny, MJB Xu, JP Maier, KL Lorenson, TD Talling, PJ AF Symons, William O. Sumner, Esther J. Paull, Charles K. Cartigny, Matthieu J. B. Xu, J. P. Maier, Katherine L. Lorenson, Thomas D. Talling, Peter J. TI A new model for turbidity current behavior based on integration of flow monitoring and precision coring in a submarine canyon SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY CANYON; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; CHANNEL AB Submarine turbidity currents create some of the largest sediment accumulations on Earth, yet there are few direct measurements of these flows. Instead, most of our understanding of turbidity currents results from analyzing their deposits in the sedimentary record. However, the lack of direct flow measurements means that there is considerable debate regarding how to interpret flow properties from ancient deposits. This novel study combines detailed flow monitoring with unusually precisely located cores at different heights, and multiple locations, within the Monterey submarine canyon, offshore California, USA. Dating demonstrates that the cores include the time interval that flows were monitored in the canyon, albeit individual layers cannot be tied to specific flows. There is good correlation between grain sizes collected by traps within the flow and grain sizes measured in cores from similar heights on the canyon walls. Synthesis of flow and deposit data suggests that turbidity currents sourced from the upper reaches of Monterey Canyon comprise three flow phases. Initially, a thin (38-50 m) powerful flow in the upper canyon can transport, tilt, and break the most proximal moorings and deposit chaotic sands and gravel on the canyon floor. The initially thin flow front then thickens and deposits interbedded sands and silty muds on the canyon walls as much as 62 m above the canyon floor. Finally, the flow thickens along its length, thus lofting silty mud and depositing it at greater altitudes than the previous deposits and in excess of 70 m altitude. C1 [Symons, William O.; Sumner, Esther J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Paull, Charles K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Talling, Peter J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LY, England. [Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Talling, Peter J.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LY, England. [Xu, J. P.] Ocean Univ China, Coll Marine Geosci, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Maier, Katherine L.; Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Symons, WO (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM w.o.symons@soton.ac.uk FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L501657/1]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX Symons is funded by Natural Environment Research Council Studentship NE/L501657/1. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. We thank the crew of the R/V Western Flyer, the pilots of ROV Doc Ricketts, Angela Tan for laboratory assistance, and A. Fildani, P. Puig, and one anonymous reviewer for their reviews. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 4 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1130/G38764.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PK UT WOS:000396125700022 ER PT J AU Hafner, SC Watanabe, N Harter, T Bergamaschi, BA Parikh, SJ AF Hafner, Sarah C. Watanabe, Naoko Harter, Thomas Bergamaschi, Brian A. Parikh, Sanjai J. TI Effects of solid-liquid separation and storage on monensin attenuation in dairy waste management systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Antibiotics; Groundwater; Manure management; Monensin ID VETERINARY IONOPHORE ANTIBIOTICS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ANIMAL MANURE; WATER; SOIL; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; AERATION; FARMS; CROPS AB Environmental release of veterinary pharmaceuticals has been of regulatory concern for more than a decade. Monensin is a feed additive antibiotic that is prevalent throughout the dairy industry and is excreted in dairy waste. This study investigates the potential of dairy waste management practices to alter the amount of monensin available for release into the environment. Analysis of wastewater and groundwater from two dairy farms in California consistently concluded that monensin is most present in lagoon water and groundwater downgradient of lagoons. Since the lagoons represent a direct source of monensin to groundwater, the effect of waste management, by mechanical screen separation and lagoon aeration, on aqueous monensin concentration was investigated through construction of lagoon microcosms. The results indicate that monensin attenuation is not improved by increased solid-liquid separation prior to storage in lagoons, as monensin is rapidly desorbed after dilution with water. Monensin is also shown to be easily degraded in lagoon microcosms receiving aeration, but is relatively stable and available for leaching under typical anaerobic lagoon conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hafner, Sarah C.; Watanabe, Naoko; Harter, Thomas; Parikh, Sanjai J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Parikh, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjparikh@ucdavis.edu RI Parikh, Sanjai /F-3476-2011 OI Parikh, Sanjai /0000-0002-5260-0417 FU CALFED Bay-Delta Authority Drinking Water Program; USGS Cooperative Water Program; California Department of Food and Agriculture [07-0893]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [W-3045] FX The authors are grateful to Dana Erickson for initiating the proposal and Jeff Palsgaard at MCDEH for his assistance. Funding for this research was provided by CALFED Bay-Delta Authority Drinking Water Program in a grant to the Merced County Department of Environmental Health and administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board (03-244-555-01), the USGS Cooperative Water Program, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (07-0893). Additional funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) through Hatch Formula Funding and multistate regional projects W-3045. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.024 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ9DC UT WOS:000393525800004 PM 28030781 ER PT J AU Haak, DM Fath, BD Forbes, VE Martin, DR Pope, KL AF Haak, Danielle M. Fath, Brian D. Forbes, Valery E. Martin, Dustin R. Pope, Kevin L. TI Coupling ecological and social network models to assess "transmission" and "contagion" of an aquatic invasive species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bellamya chinensis; Chinese mystery snail; Ecological network analysis; Epidemiological network analysis; Social network analysis; Ecopath with Ecosim; Aquatic invasive species ID CHINESE MYSTERY SNAIL; NEBRASKA RESERVOIR; BELLAMYA-CHINENSIS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; SPREAD; LAKES; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES AB Network analysis is used to address diverse ecological, social, economic, and epidemiological questions, but few efforts have been made to combine these field-specific analyses into interdisciplinary approaches that effectively address how complex systems are interdependent and connected to one another. Identifying and understanding these cross-boundary connections improves natural resource management and promotes proactive, rather than reactive, decisions. This research had two main objectives; first, adapt the framework and approach of infectious disease network modeling so that it may be applied to the socio-ecological problem of spreading aquatic invasive species, and second, use this new coupled model to simulate the spread of the invasive Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) in a reservoir network in Southeastern Nebraska, USA. The coupled model integrates an existing social network model of how anglers move on the landscape with new reservoir-specific ecological network models. This approach allowed us to identify 1) how angler movement among reservoirs aids in the spread of B. chinensis, 2) how B. chinensis alters energy flows within individual-reservoir food webs, and 3) a new method for assessing the spread of any number of non-native or invasive species within complex, social ecological systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haak, Danielle M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fath, Brian D.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Adv Syst Anal Program, Laxenburg, Austria. [Fath, Brian D.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA. [Forbes, Valery E.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Biol Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.] ReelSonar Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Haak, DM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmhaak@uga.edu; bfath@towson.edu; veforbes@umn.edu; dustin@reelsonar.com; kpope2@unl.edu OI Forbes, Valery/0000-0001-9819-9385 FU NSF IGERT grant [DGE-0903469]; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) as part of the Young Scientists Summer Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was supported in part by an NSF IGERT grant, DGE-0903469, as well as the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) as part of the Young Scientists Summer Program. We thank Bruce Stephen for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ9DC UT WOS:000393525800025 PM 28061408 ER PT J AU Gehre, M Renpenning, J Geilmann, H Qi, HP Coplen, TB Kummel, S Ivdra, N Brand, WA Schimmelmann, A AF Gehre, Matthias Renpenning, Julian Geilmann, Heike Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Kuemmel, Steffen Ivdra, Natalija Brand, Willi A. Schimmelmann, Arndt TI Optimization of on-line hydrogen stable isotope ratio measurements of halogen- and sulfur-bearing organic compounds using elemental analyzer-chromium/high-temperature conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS) SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID POLYHALOGENATED COMPOUNDS; WATER SAMPLES; NITROGEN; PRECISION; H-2/H-1; REACTOR AB RATIONALE: Accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis of halogen-and sulfur-bearing organics has not been possible with traditional high-temperature conversion (HTC) because the formation of hydrogen-bearing reaction products other than molecular hydrogen (H-2) is responsible for non-quantitative H-2 yields and possible hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Our previously introduced, new chromium-based EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS (Elemental Analyzer-Chromium/High-Temperature Conversion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) technique focused primarily on nitrogen-bearing compounds. Several technical and analytical issues concerning halogen-and sulfur-bearing samples, however, remained unresolved and required further refinement of the reactor systems. METHODS: The EA-Cr/HTC reactor was substantially modified for the conversion of halogen-and sulfur-bearing samples. The performance of the novel conversion setup for solid and liquid samples was monitored and optimized using a simultaneously operating dual-detection system of IRMS and ion trap MS. The method with several variants in the reactor, including the addition of manganese metal chips, was evaluated in three laboratories using EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS (on-line method) and compared with traditional uranium-reduction-based conversion combined with manual dual-inlet IRMS analysis (off-line method) in one laboratory. RESULTS: The modified EA-Cr/HTC reactor setup showed an overall H-2-recovery of more than 96% for all halogen-and sulfur-bearing organic compounds. All results were successfully normalized via two-point calibration with VSMOW-SLAP reference waters. Precise and accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis was achieved for a variety of organics containing F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, and S-bearing heteroelements. The robust nature of the on-line EA-Cr/HTC technique was demonstrated by a series of 196 consecutive measurements with a single reactor filling. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized EA-Cr/HTC reactor design can be implemented in existing analytical equipment using commercially available material and is universally applicable for both heteroelement-bearing and heteroelement-free organic-compound classes. The sensitivity and simplicity of the on-line EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS technique provide a much needed tool for routine hydrogen-isotope source tracing of organic contaminants in the environment. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gehre, Matthias; Renpenning, Julian; Kuemmel, Steffen; Ivdra, Natalija] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Geilmann, Heike; Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Beutenberg Campus,POB 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ivdra, Natalija] Isodetect GmbH, Deutsch Pl 5b, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Schimmelmann, Arndt] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gehre, M (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM matthias.gehre@ufz.de FU European Union [PITN-GA-2010-264329]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1052927]; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX The research in the LSI-Leipzig has been financially supported in part by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programs (project acronym CSI: ENVIRONMENT, contract number PITN-GA-2010-264329). We thank Ms. Bluemel for the H2-H2O equilibration measurements from the heavy water. A.S. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. EAR-1052927). Thanks are extended to IVA Analysetechnik GmbH for providing the bottom-up reverse-flow connector for the HTO device. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this article possible. The manuscript benefited from the constructive reviews from Brittany L. Grimm and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 30 PY 2017 VL 31 IS 6 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1002/rcm.7810 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA EL3JU UT WOS:000394516200001 PM 27984667 ER PT J AU Pauli, JN Newsome, SD Cook, JA Harrod, C Steffan, SA Baker, CJO Ben-David, M Bloom, D Bowen, GJ Cerling, TE Cicero, C Cook, C Dohm, M Dharampal, PS Graves, G Gropp, R Hobson, KA Jordan, C MacFadden, B Birchs, SP Poelen, J Ratnasingham, S Russell, L Stricker, CA Uhen, MD Yarnes, CT Hayden, B AF Pauli, Jonathan N. Newsome, Seth D. Cook, Joseph A. Harrod, Chris Steffan, Shawn A. Baker, Christopher J. O. Ben-David, Merav Bloom, David Bowen, Gabriel J. Cerling, Thure E. Cicero, Carla Cook, Craig Dohm, Michelle Dharampal, Prarthana S. Graves, Gary Gropp, Robert Hobson, Keith A. Jordan, Chris MacFadden, Bruce Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar Poelen, Jorrit Ratnasingham, Sujeevan Russell, Laura Stricker, Craig A. Uhen, Mark D. Yarnes, Christopher T. Hayden, Brian TI Why we need a centralized repository for isotopic data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID STABLE-ISOTOPES C1 [Pauli, Jonathan N.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Stable Isotopes, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Harrod, Chris] Univ Antofagasta, Inst Ciencias Nat Alexander Humboldt, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile. [Steffan, Shawn A.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Steffan, Shawn A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baker, Christopher J. O.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Comp Sci, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bloom, David] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, VertNet IDigBio, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Gabriel J.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cerling, Thure E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. [Cook, Craig] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dohm, Michelle] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dharampal, Prarthana S.] Amer Inst Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Graves, Gary] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Graves, Gary] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Gropp, Robert; Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jordan, Chris; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Russell, Laura] Univ Guelph, Ctr Biodivers Genom, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar; Uhen, Mark D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yarnes, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Davis, Stable Isotope Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hayden, Brian] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Pauli, JN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU National Science Foundation, Emerging Frontiers [NSF 1613214]; Biodiversity Collections Network Research Coordinating Network [NSF 1441785] FX We thank Brian Fry, Tamsin O'Connell, and Jim Ehleringer for constructive comments on an earlier daft of this manuscript; and the staff at the UNM Sevilleta Research Station for hosting the IsoBank Workshop. The IsoBank Workshop was funded with a grant through the National Science Foundation, Emerging Frontiers (NSF 1613214) and support from the Biodiversity Collections Network Research Coordinating Network (NSF 1441785). This article is dedicated to the memory of Scott Federhen. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 21 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 12 BP 2997 EP 3001 DI 10.1073/pnas.1701742114 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EO7TS UT WOS:000396893600038 PM 28325883 ER PT J AU Leeper, R Rhodes, B Kirby, M Scharer, K Carlin, J Hemphill-Haley, E Avnaim-Katav, S MacDonald, G Starratt, S Aranda, A AF Leeper, Robert Rhodes, Brady Kirby, Matthew Scharer, Katherine Carlin, Joseph Hemphill-Haley, Eileen Avnaim-Katav, Simona MacDonald, Glen Starratt, Scott Aranda, Angela TI Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL; CANYON FAULT ZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; EARTHQUAKE; FORAMINIFERA; RISE AB Paleoenvironmental records from a southern California coastal saltmarsh reveal evidence for repeated late Holocene coseismic subsidence events. Field analysis of sediment gouge cores established discrete lithostratigraphic units extend across the wetland. Detailed sediment analyses reveal abrupt changes in lithology, percent total organic matter, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility. Microfossil analyses indicate that predominantly freshwater deposits bury relic intertidal deposits at three distinct depths. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the three burial events occurred in the last 2000 calendar years. Two of the three events are contemporaneous with large-magnitude paleoearthquakes along the Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system. From these data, we infer that during large magnitude earthquakes a step-over along the fault zone results in the vertical displacement of an approximately 5-km(2) area that is consistent with the footprint of an estuary identified in pre-development maps. These findings provide insight on the evolution of the saltmarsh, coseismic deformation and earthquake recurrence in a wide area of southern California, and sensitive habitat already threatened by eustatic sea level rise. C1 [Leeper, Robert; Rhodes, Brady; Kirby, Matthew; Carlin, Joseph; Aranda, Angela] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Leeper, Robert; Scharer, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Hemphill-Haley, Eileen] Hemphill Haley Consulting, McKinleyville, CA 95519 USA. [Avnaim-Katav, Simona; MacDonald, Glen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Starratt, Scott] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Leeper, R (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA.; Leeper, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM rleep002@ucr.edu OI Leeper III, Robert/0000-0003-2890-8216 FU National Science Foundation [1140116]; Southern California Earthquake Center [12080, 14041]; California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science Technology FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (1140116), the Southern California Earthquake Center (12080, 14041), and the California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology. We are thankful for reviews by Brian Atwater and Alex Simms and field and laboratory assistance by numerous colleagues and students from California State University, Fullerton, California State University, Northridge, California State University, Long Beach, and the California Institute of Technology. We are also thankful to the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge and the U.S. Navy for site access. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 20 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 44615 DI 10.1038/srep44615 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EO4KZ UT WOS:000396665100001 PM 28317847 ER PT J AU Vinson, DS Blair, NE Martini, AM Larter, S Orem, WH McIntosh, JC AF Vinson, David S. Blair, Neal E. Martini, Anna M. Larter, Steve Orem, William H. McIntosh, Jennifer C. TI Microbial methane from in situ biodegradation of coal and shale: A review and reevaluation of hydrogen and carbon isotope signatures SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Biogenic gas; Carbon isotopes; Hydrogen isotopes; Coalbed methane ID SAN-JUAN BASIN; POWDER RIVER-BASIN; FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS; DEVONIAN ANTRIM SHALE; BLACK-WARRIOR BASIN; ORGANIC-RICH SHALE; COOK INLET BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BIOGENIC METHANE; STABLE-ISOTOPE AB Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of methane, water, and inorganic carbon are widely utilized in natural gas systems for distinguishing microbial and thermogenic methane and for delineating methanogenic pathways (acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic, and/or methylotrophic methanogenesis). Recent studies of coal and shale gas systems have characterized in situ microbial communities and provided stable isotope data (delta D-CH4, delta D-H2O, delta C-13-CH4, and delta C-13-CO2) from a wider range of environments than available previously. Here we review the principal biogenic methane-yielding pathways in coal beds and shales and the isotope effects imparted on methane, document the uncertainties and inconsistencies in established isotopic fingerprinting techniques, and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the subsurface processes that govern H and C isotope signatures of biogenic methane. We also compare established isotopic interpretations with recent microbial community characterization techniques, which reveal additional inconsistencies in the interpretation of microbial metabolic pathways in coal beds and shales. Collectively, the re-assessed data show that widely-utilized isotopic fingerprinting techniques neglect important complications in coal beds and shales. Isotopic fingerprinting techniques that combine delta C-13-CH4 with delta D-CH4 and/or delta C-13-CO2 have significant limitations: (1) The consistent similar to 160% offset between delta D-H2O and delta D-CH4 could imply that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is the dominant metabolic pathway in microbial gas systems. However, hydrogen isotopes can equilibrate between methane precursors and coexisting water, yielding a similar apparent H isotope signal as hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, regardless of the actual methane formation pathway. (2) Non-methanogenic processes such as sulfate reduction, Fe oxide reduction, inputs of thermogenic methane, anaerobicmethane oxidation, and/or formation water interaction can cause the apparent carbon isotope fractionation between delta C-13-CH4 and delta C-13-CO2 (alpha C-13(CO2-CH4)) to differ from the true methanogenic fractionation, complicating interpretation of methanogenic pathways. (3) Where little-fractionating non-methanogenic bacterial processes compete with highly-fractionating methanogenesis, the mass balance between CH4 and CO2 is affected. This has implications for delta C-13 values and provides an alternative interpretation for net C isotope signatures than solely the pathways used by active methanogens. (4) While most of the reviewed values of delta D-H2O -delta D-CH4 and alpha C-13(CO2-CH4) are apparently consistent with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis as the dominant pathway in coal beds and shales, recent microbial community characterization techniques suggest a possible role for acetoclastic or methylotrophic methanogenesis in some basins. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vinson, David S.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Blair, Neal E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Martini, Anna M.] Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Larter, Steve] Univ Calgary, PRG, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Orem, William H.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Blair, Neal E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. RP Vinson, DS (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM dsvinson@uncc.edu FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [51001-ND2, 47750-B2]; U.S. Geological Survey; Carbon Management Canada; NSF EAR [1322805]; NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship [1249916]; Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern University FX This research was supported by the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (grants 51001-ND2 to JM and 47750-B2 to AM), U.S. Geological Survey, Carbon Management Canada, NSF EAR (grant 1322805 to JM), NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1249916 (to DV), and the Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern University (to NB). SL acknowledges Canada Research Chairs and NSERC. We acknowledge Michael Lawson, Kinga Revesz, Allan Kolker, and one anonymous Chemical Geology reviewer for their constructive reviews and Editor-in-Chief Michael Bottcher for editorial handling. We also thank Denise Akob, Matthew Kirk, and Tracy Quan for helpful discussions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 172 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 20 PY 2017 VL 453 BP 128 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.027 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5KD UT WOS:000396730900011 ER PT J AU Ali, SH Giurco, D Arndt, N Nickless, E Brown, G Demetriades, A Durrheim, R Enriquez, MA Kinnaird, J Littleboy, A Meinert, LD Oberhansli, R Salem, J Schodde, R Schneider, G Vidal, O Yakovleva, N AF Ali, Saleem H. Giurco, Damien Arndt, Nicholas Nickless, Edmund Brown, Graham Demetriades, Alecos Durrheim, Ray Enriquez, Maria Amelia Kinnaird, Judith Littleboy, Anna Meinert, Lawrence D. Oberhansli, Roland Salem, Janet Schodde, Richard Schneider, Gabi Vidal, Olivier Yakovleva, Natalia TI Mineral supply for sustainable development requires resource governance SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID METALS; CRITICALITY; CHALLENGES; SOCIETY; DEMAND; RISK AB Successful delivery of the United Nations sustainable development goals and implementation of the Paris Agreement requires technologies that utilize a wide range of minerals in vast quantities. Metal recycling and technological change will contribute to sustaining supply, but mining must continue and grow for the foreseeable future to ensure that such minerals remain available to industry. New links are needed between existing institutional frameworks to oversee responsible sourcing of minerals, trajectories for mineral exploration, environmental practices, and consumer awareness of the effects of consumption. Here we present, through analysis of a comprehensive set of data and demand forecasts, an interdisciplinary perspective on how best to ensure ecologically viable continuity of global mineral supply over the coming decades. C1 [Ali, Saleem H.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ali, Saleem H.] Univ Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ali, Saleem H.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Giurco, Damien] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst Sustainable Futures, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Arndt, Nicholas; Vidal, Olivier] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Nickless, Edmund] Geol Soc London, London, England. [Brown, Graham] Graham Brown Consulting, Buckland, Bucks, England. [Demetriades, Alecos] IUGS IAGC Commiss Global Geochem Baselines & Euro, Athens, Greece. [Durrheim, Ray; Kinnaird, Judith] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Enriquez, Maria Amelia] Univ Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Littleboy, Anna] CSIRO, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Meinert, Lawrence D.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Oberhansli, Roland] Potsdam Univ, Potsdam, Germany. [Oberhansli, Roland] Int Union Geol Sci, Potsdam, Germany. [Salem, Janet] UN, Environm Programme, Bangkok, Thailand. [Schodde, Richard] MinEx Consulting, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Schodde, Richard] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Perth, WA, Australia. [Schneider, Gabi] Namibian Uranium Inst, Swakopmund, Namibia. [Yakovleva, Natalia] Newcastle Univ, London Campus, London, England. RP Ali, SH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Ali, SH (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.; Ali, SH (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM saleem@alum.mit.edu FU UNESCO; IUGS; ICSU FX The authors are an interdisciplinary group, operating under the Resourcing Future Generations initiative of the International Union of Geological Sciences, the International Council for Science Unions and UNESCO. D. Nyanganyura of the International Council for Science and F. Masotti of Vale Corporation provided comments that led to this Perspective. S. Mohr of the University of Technology Sydney assisted with the model output results presented. Financial support provided by UNESCO, IUGS and ICSU, and logistical support provided by the Namibian Geological Survey, is acknowledged. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7645 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1038/nature21359 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9RN UT WOS:000396337400040 PM 28300094 ER PT J AU Linhoff, BS Charette, MA Nienow, PW Wadham, JL Tedstone, AJ Cowton, T AF Linhoff, Benjamin S. Charette, Matthew A. Nienow, Peter W. Wadham, Jemma L. Tedstone, Andrew J. Cowton, Thomas TI Utility of Rn-222 as a passive tracer of subglacial distributed system drainage SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radon; Greenland; glacier; proglacial river; meltwater ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; HAUT GLACIER DAROLLA; OUTLET GLACIER; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SEASONAL EVOLUTION; WEST GREENLAND; RADON; VARIABILITY; MELTWATER; ESTUARY AB Water flow beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been shown to include slow-inefficient (distributed) and fast-efficient (channelized) drainage systems, in response to meltwater delivery to the bed via both moulins and surface lake drainage. This partitioning between channelized and distributed drainage systems is difficult to quantify yet it plays an important role in bulk meltwater chemistry and glacial velocity, and thus subglacial erosion. Radon-222, which is continuously produced via the decay of Ra-226, accumulates in meltwater that has interacted with rock and sediment. Hence, elevated concentrations of Rn-222 should be indicative of meltwater that has flowed through a distributed drainage system network. In the spring and summer of 2011 and 2012, we made hourly Rn-222 measurements in the proglacial river of a large outlet glacier of the GrIS (Leverett Glacier, SW Greenland). Radon 222 activities were highest in the early melt season (10-15 dpm L-1), decreasing by a factor of 2-5 (3-5 dpm L-1) following the onset of widespread surface melt. Using a Rn-222 mass balance model, we estimate that, on average, greater than 90% of the river Rn-222 was sourced from distributed system meltwater. The distributed system Rn-222 flux varied on diurnal, weekly, and seasonal time scales with highest fluxes generally occurring on the falling limb of the hydrograph and during expansion of the channelized drainage system. Using laboratory based estimates of distributed system Rn-222, the distributed system water flux generally ranged between 1-5% of the total proglacial river discharge for both seasons. This study provides a promising new method for hydrograph separation in glacial watersheds and for estimating the timing and magnitude of distributed system fluxes expelled at ice sheet margins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Linhoff, Benjamin S.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Water Sci Ctr, 6700 Edith Blvd, Reston, NE 20192 USA. [Linhoff, Benjamin S.; Charette, Matthew A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nienow, Peter W.; Cowton, Thomas] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Drummond St, Edinburgh EH10 4ET, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wadham, Jemma L.; Tedstone, Andrew J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Cowton, Thomas] Univ St Andrews, Dept Geog & Sustainable Dev, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. RP Linhoff, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Water Sci Ctr, 6700 Edith Blvd, Reston, NE 20192 USA. EM blinhoff@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation Arctic Natural Sciences Program [ANS-1256669]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Arctic Research Initiative; Ocean Ventures Fund; Ocean Climate Change Institute; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council studentship [NE/152830X/1]; Carnegie Trust; Edinburgh University Development Trust FX We acknowledge and thank our funding sources: U.S. National Science Foundation Arctic Natural Sciences Program (ANS-1256669); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Arctic Research Initiative, Ocean Ventures Fund, and Ocean Climate Change Institute; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council studentship (NE/152830X/1); the Carnegie Trust, Edinburgh University Development Trust. We also thank the Leverett field camp members who helped with data collection especially Catie Butler for collecting the 2011 electrical conductivity data that appears in this work. Data presented in this study is archived at: www.aoncadis.org/dataset/GrIS_RADON.html. Finally, we thank the Editor Derek Vance and three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions significantly improved this manuscript. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 462 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.039 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM8ZP UT WOS:000395600900017 ER PT J AU Marr, KR Madden, MEE Soreghan, GS Hall, BL AF Marr, Kristen R. Madden, Megan E. Elwood Soreghan, Gerilyn S. Hall, Brenda L. TI Chemical weathering trends in fine-grained ephemeral stream sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical weathering; Antarctica; Polar streams; BET surface area; Hyporheic zone; Mineral dissolution; Cold-based glacier ID GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAM; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; BET SURFACE-AREA; TAYLOR VALLEY; ICE-SHEET; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; POLAR DESERT; EXCHANGE CONTROLS; WRIGHT VALLEY; AEOLIAN FLUX AB We investigated chemical weathering trends within the fine-grained (<63 mu m; silt and clay) fraction of sediments collected from meltwater streams emanating from glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV; Wright and Taylor Valleys) by integrating grain size, BET surface area, and whole-rock geochemistry. While both valleys currently host cold-based glaciers, the sediment underlying the ephemeral glacial streams was deposited under differing glacial conditions. In Wright Valley (Clark Glacier stream), Brownworth and Trilogy drifts were deposited via cold-based glaciation, whereas the Ross Sea drift that underlies Delta Stream in Taylor Valley likely reflects contributions from wet-based ice. Wright Valley stream sediments are typically coarser grained and have a higher silt content as compared to Taylor Valley sediments. These sediments consist primarily of pyroxenes, quartz, and feldspars, with the percentages of pyroxenes and quartz systematically increasing downstream. The percentage of phyllosilicates ranges from 4 to 18% and decreases with downstream distance. In contrast, Taylor Valley sediments (Delta Stream) are finer-grained and exhibit lower percentages of both pyroxene and quartz and a significantly higher percentage of phyllosilicates (30-43%). Concentrations of all mineral phases remain relatively consistent in abundance with downstream transport in the Delta Stream transect as compared to Clark Glacier stream sediments. Standard chemical weathering indices, such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), indicate that chemical weathering is occurring within the silt and clay fractions of Antarctic stream sediments and is particularly pronounced in Delta Stream sediments that have BET surface area measurements >40 m(2)/g. Utilization of MFW (mafic-felsic-weathered) and A-CN-K (Al2O3-CaO + Na2O-K2O plots, however, are more effective in discerning the extent and nature of chemical weathering in these stream systems. Ca and Na depletion observed within the sediments exhibiting the highest surface area in Delta Stream suggest that chemical weathering may result in pitting and/or incongruent dissolution of pyroxenes and feldspars, as well as the development of amorphous and/or nanophase weathering products. In contrast, Clark Glacier stream sediments do not have similar leaching trends in the fine-grained sediment fraction and exhibit minimal weathering overall. This may suggest that fine-grained material is being trapped on top of the Clark Glacier surface and has not yet been transported into the weathering environment of the hyporheic zone due to timing of sampling. Alternatively, complete dissolution of very fine-grained sediment could be occurring in this stream transect, and is therefore not preserved in the fine sediment fraction. Overall, the magnitude of chemical weathering observed between the two stream systems is ultimately related to the nature of the underlying drift (cold and wet based drift deposition), dispersal patterns of eolian fines, and variable stream discharge rates. Thus, incorporation of local fine-grained sediment derived from the underlying glacial drift deposits and distributed via the varying wind regimes within the hyper-arid climate into active stream channels may facilitate incongruent mineral dissolution and development of weathering products, and ultimately influence the composition and concentration of meltwater stream solutes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marr, Kristen R.; Madden, Megan E. Elwood; Soreghan, Gerilyn S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, 100 E Boyd St,Suite 710, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Marr, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kmarra@usgs.gov FU NSF [ANT-0842639, EAR-12252162] FX Financial support for this work was provided by NSF # ANT-0842639 and # EAR-12252162. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. The authors thank A. Stumpf (University of Oklahoma) for sampling assistance during the 2009-2010 Antarctic field season and S. Braddock (University of Maine) for collecting supplementary samples in Taylor Valley during the 2012-2013 field season. Additionally, the authors thank M. Irwinsky, J. DiGiulio, V. Priegnitz, J. Westrop, J. Miller, and R. Funderberg (University of Oklahoma) for assistance with sample processing and analyses, and A. Boehlke, B. Benzell, and B. Betterton (USGS) for assistance with clay XRD preparation and analyses. The authors also thank A. Elwood Madden for helpful discussions pertaining to clay mineralogy and BET surface area measurements. Lastly, the authors thank S. Lecce, J. Levy, and two anonymous reviewers for substantial comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 281 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.12.016 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EL3YO UT WOS:000394556800002 ER PT J AU Marion, JL Wimpey, J AF Marion, Jeffrey L. Wimpey, Jeremy TI Assessing the influence of sustainable trail design and maintenance on soil loss SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Recreation impact; Trail impact; Trail erosion; Sustainable trail design; Trail maintenance ID FOREST ROADS; IMPACTS; EROSION; DEGRADATION; MOTORCYCLES; WILDERNESS; MANAGEMENT; HIKERS; MODELS; HORSES AB Natural-surfaced trail systems are an important infrastructure component providing a means for accessing remote protected natural area destinations. The condition and usability of trails is a critical concern of land managers charged with providing recreational access while preserving natural conditions, and to visitors seeking high quality recreational opportunities and experiences. While an adequate number of trail management publications provide prescriptive guidance for designing, constructing, and maintaining natural-surfaced trails, surprisingly little research has been directed at providing a scientific basis for this guidance. Results from a review of the literature and three scientific studies are presented to model and clarify the influence of factors that substantially influence trail soil loss and that can be manipulated by trail professionals to sustain high traffic while minimizing soil loss over time. Key factors include trail grade, slope alignment angle, tread drainage features, and the amount of rock in tread substrates. A new Trail Sustainability Rating is developed and offered as a tool for evaluating or improving the sustainability of existing or new trails. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marion, Jeffrey L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, 310 W Campus Dr,304f Cheatham, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wimpey, Jeremy] Appl Trails Res, Jeremy Wimpey, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, 310 W Campus Dr,304f Cheatham, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Forest Service FX The authors would like to thank the National Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service for sponsoring the research reported in this paper. We also acknowledge the assistance our several additional colleagues involved in these studies, including Mike Aust, Kevin Kyle, Nate Olive, and Logan Park. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 189 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.074 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI8SM UT WOS:000392778000006 PM 28006733 ER PT J AU Rutherford, WA Painter, TH Ferrenberg, S Belnap, J Okin, GS Flagg, C Reed, SC AF Rutherford, William A. Painter, Thomas H. Ferrenberg, Scott Belnap, Jayne Okin, Gregory S. Flagg, Cody Reed, Sasha C. TI Albedo feedbacks to future climate via climate change impacts on dryland biocrusts SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; MINERAL-DUST AEROSOLS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON-CYCLE; COVER; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; NITROGEN AB Drylands represent the planet's largest terrestrial biome and evidence suggests these landscapes have large potential for creating feedbacks to future climate. Recent studies also indicate that dryland ecosystems are responding markedly to climate change. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts). soil surface communities of lichens, mosses, and/or cyanobacteria. comprise up to 70% of dryland cover and help govern fundamental ecosystem functions, including soil stabilization and carbon uptake. Drylands are expected to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation regimes, and such alterations may impact biocrust communities by promoting rapid mortality of foundational species. In turn, biocrust community shifts affect land surface cover and roughness-changes that can dramatically alter albedo. We tested this hypothesis in a full-factorial warming (+ 4 degrees C above ambient) and altered precipitation (increased frequency of 1.2 mm monsoon-type watering events) experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We quantified changes in shortwave albedo via multi-angle, solar-reflectance measurements. Warming and watering treatments each led to large increases in albedo (> 30%). This increase was driven by biophysical factors related to treatment effects on cyanobacteria cover and soil surface roughness following treatment-induced moss and lichen mortality. A rise in dryland surface albedo may represent a previously unidentified feedback to future climate. C1 [Rutherford, William A.; Ferrenberg, Scott; Belnap, Jayne; Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Flagg, Cody] NEON, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Rutherford, William A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rutherford, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.; Rutherford, WA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM arutherford@email.arizona.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DESC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Youth and Education in Science (YES); USGS Ecosystems Mission Area,; National Science Foundation [EAR-1148334] FX We would like to thank McKenzie Skiles and the numerous technicians who aided in data collection. We would also like to thank the editor, as well as, the two anonymous reviewers and Dr. William K. Smith who aided in improving this manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program (DESC-0008168), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Youth and Education in Science (YES) program and the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, and by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1148334). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 44188 DI 10.1038/srep44188 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN7MK UT WOS:000396186700001 PM 28281687 ER PT J AU Johnson, MJ Hatten, JR Holmes, JA Shafroth, PB AF Johnson, Matthew J. Hatten, James R. Holmes, Jennifer A. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Identifying western yellow-billed cuckoo breeding habitat with a dual modelling approach SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Yellow-billed cuckoo; Habitat suitability models; Riparian conservation; NDVI; Logistic regression; lower Colorado River ID SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW FLYCATCHER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DRYLAND RIVER; BIRDS; SCALE; SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM; ACCURACY; TAMARISK AB The western population of the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) was recently listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Yellow-billed cuckoo conservation efforts require the identification of features and area requirements associated with high quality, riparian forest habitat at spatial scales that range from nest microhabitat to landscape, as well as lower-suitability areas that can be enhanced or restored. Spatially explicit models inform conservation efforts by increasing ecological understanding of a target species, especially at landscape scales. Previous yellow-billed cuckoo modelling efforts derived plant-community maps from aerial photography, an expensive and oftentimes inconsistent approach. Satellite models can remotely map vegetation features (e.g., vegetation density, heterogeneity in vegetation density or structure) across large areas with near perfect repeatability, but they usually cannot identify plant communities. We used aerial photos and satellite imagery, and a hierarchical spatial scale approach, to identify yellow-billed cuckoo breeding habitat along the Lower Colorado River and its tributaries. Aerial-photo and satellite models identified several key features associated with yellow-billed cuckoo breeding locations: (1) a 4.5 ha core area of dense cottonwood-willow vegetation, (2) a large native, heterogeneously dense forest (72 ha) around the core area, and (3) moderately rough topography. The odds of yellow-billed cuckoo occurrence decreased rapidly as the amount of tamarisk cover increased or when cottonwood-willow vegetation was limited. We achieved model accuracies of 75-80% in the project area the following year after updating the imagery and location data. The two model types had very similar probability maps, largely predicting the same areas as high quality habitat. While each model provided unique information, a dual-modelling approach provided a more complete picture of yellow-billed cuckoo habitat requirements and will be useful for management and conservation activities. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Matthew J.; Holmes, Jennifer A.] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hatten, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Johnson, MJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Matthew.Johnson@nau.edu; jhatten@usgs.gov; Jennifer.Holmes@nau.edu; shafrothp@usgs.gov FU LCR MSCP program, USDI Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors wish to thank: the field crews that conducted yellow-billed cuckoo surveys, in particular Christopher Calvo who also supervised the field work; USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, and Northern Arizona University for institutional support; Terry Arundel from USGS Southwest Biological Science Center for assisting with GIS data preparation; Teresa Olsen from Bureau of Reclamation for comments on an earlier draft. This work was funded by the LCR MSCP program, USDI Bureau of Reclamation. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments that greatly improved this paper. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 347 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.010 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8SE UT WOS:000394193800005 ER PT J AU Valle, D Cvetojevic, S Robertson, EP Reichert, BE Hochmair, HH Fletcher, RJ AF Valle, Denis Cvetojevic, Sreten Robertson, Ellen P. Reichert, Brian E. Hochmair, Hartwig H. Fletcher, Robert J. TI Individual Movement Strategies Revealed through Novel Clustering of Emergent Movement Patterns SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MOBILITY PATTERNS; NETWORKS; MODELS; CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPES; MALARIA AB Understanding movement is critical in several disciplines but analysis methods often neglect key information by adopting each location as sampling unit, rather than each individual. We introduce a novel statistical method that, by focusing on individuals, enables better identification of temporal dynamics of connectivity, traits of individuals that explain emergent movement patterns, and sites that play a critical role in connecting subpopulations. We apply this method to two examples that span movement networks that vary considerably in size and questions: movements of an endangered raptor, the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus), and human movement in Florida inferred from Twitter. For snail kites, our method reveals substantial differences in movement strategies for different bird cohorts and temporal changes in connectivity driven by the invasion of an exotic food resource, illustrating the challenge of identifying critical connectivity sites for conservation in the presence of global change. For human movement, our method is able to reliably determine the origin of Florida visitors and identify distinct movement patterns within Florida for visitors from different places, providing near real-time information on the spatial and temporal patterns of tourists. These results emphasize the need to integrate individual variation to generate new insights when modeling movement data. C1 [Valle, Denis; Cvetojevic, Sreten; Hochmair, Hartwig H.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Robertson, Ellen P.; Fletcher, Robert J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Reichert, Brian E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Valle, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM drvalle@ufl.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 44052 DI 10.1038/srep44052 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN1KB UT WOS:000395767800001 PM 28272429 ER PT J AU Patterson, LA Konschnik, KE Wiseman, H Fargione, J Maloney, KO Kiesecker, J Nicot, JP Baruch-Mordo, S Entrekin, S Trainor, A Saiers, JE AF Patterson, Lauren A. Konschnik, Katherine E. Wiseman, Hannah Fargione, Joseph Maloney, Kelly O. Kiesecker, Joseph Nicot, Jean-Philippe Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Entrekin, Sally Trainor, Anne Saiers, James E. TI Unconventional Oil and Gas Spills: Risks, Mitigation Priorities, and State Reporting Requirements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS AB Rapid growth in unconventional oil and gas (UOG) has produced jobs, revenue, and energy, but also concerns over spills and environmental risks. We assessed spill data from 2005 to 2014 at 31 481 UOG wells in Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania. We found 2-16% of wells reported a spill each year. Median spill volumes ranged from 0.5 m(3) in Pennsylvania to 4.9 m(3) in New Mexico; the largest spills exceeded 100 m(3). Seventy-five to 94% of spills occurred within the first three years of well life when wells were drilled, completed, and had their largest production volumes. Across all four states, 50% of spills were related to storage and moving fluids via flowlines. Reporting rates varied by state, affecting spill rates and requiring extensive time and effort getting data into a usable format. Enhanced and standardized regulatory requirements for reporting spills could improve the accuracy and speed of analyses to identify and prevent spill risks and mitigate potential environmental damage. Transparency for data sharing and analysis will be increasingly important as UOG development expands. We designed an interactive spills data visualization tool (http://snappartnership.net/groups/hydraulic-fracturing/webapp/spills. html) to illustrate the value of having standardized, public data. C1 [Patterson, Lauren A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2111 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Konschnik, Katherine E.] Harvard Law Sch, Environm Policy Initiat, 4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wiseman, Hannah] Florida State Univ, Coll Law, 424 W Jefferson St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Fargione, Joseph] Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Pkwy,Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearnevsville, WV 25430 USA. [Kiesecker, Joseph; Baruch-Mordo, Sharon] Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E Mt Ave,Suite 201, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Nicot, Jean-Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Entrekin, Sally] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Trainor, Anne] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, African Program, Nat Conservancy, 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Saiers, James E.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Patterson, LA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2111 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lauren.patterson@duke.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank the editors, three anonymous reviewers, and USGS reviewers for their comments; greatly improving the manuscript. This work resulted from the SNAPP: Science for Nature and People Partnership Impacts of hydraulic fracturing on water quantity and quality Working Group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. J.P.N. also thanks the database provider IHS (http://www.ihs.com) for access to the Enerdeq database. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2563 EP 2573 DI 10.1021/acs.est6b05749 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN4FQ UT WOS:000395963800011 PM 28220696 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Cain, DJ Fuller, CC AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Cain, Daniel J. Fuller, Christopher C. TI Assessing the Dietary Bioavailability of Metals Associated with Natural Particles: Extending the Use of the Reverse Labeling Approach to Zinc SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS; TRACE-METALS; ASSIMILATION; SEDIMENTS; AVAILABILITY; PARTICULATE; EXTRACTION; BIVALVE; MUSSELS; CLAMS AB We extend the use of a novel tracing technique to quantify the bioavailability of zinc (Zn) associated with natural particles using snails enriched with a less common Zn stable isotope. Lymnaea stagnalis is a model species that has relatively fast Zn uptake rates from the dissolved phase, enabling their rapid enrichment in Zn-67 during the initial phase of labeling. Isotopically enriched snails were subsequently exposed to algae mixed with increasing amounts of metal-rich particles collected from two acid mine drainage impacted rivers. Zinc bioavailability from the natural particles was inferred from calculations of Zn-66 assimilation into the snail's soft tissues. Zinc assimilation efficiency (AE) varied from 28% for the Animas River particles to 45% for the Snake River particles, indicating that particle-bound, or sorbed Zn, was bioavailable from acid mine drainage wastes. The relative binding strength of Zn sorption to the natural particles was inversely related to Zn bioavailability; a finding that would not have been possible without using the reverse labeling approach. Differences in the chemical composition of the particles suggest that their geochemical properties may influence the extent of Zn bioavailability. C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Cain, Daniel J.; Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the National Research Program and the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to Kate Campbell for XRD measurements of dried materials. David Barasch performed some of the ICP-MS analyses. Comments by Samuel Luoma and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2803 EP 2810 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b06253 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN4FQ UT WOS:000395963800038 PM 28187251 ER PT J AU Bartsch, MR Bartsch, LA Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Lafrancois, BM AF Bartsch, Michelle R. Bartsch, Lynn A. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jon M. Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska TI Effects of food resources on the fatty acid composition, growth and survival of freshwater mussels SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ST-CROIX RIVER; BIOCHEMICAL TRACERS; VILLOSA-IRIS; UNIONIDAE; SEDIMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIVALVES; DIETS; USA; CYANOBACTERIA AB Increased nutrient and sediment loading in rivers have caused observable changes in algal community composition, and thereby, altered the quality and quantity of food resources available to native freshwater mussels. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between nutrient conditions and mussel food quality and examine the effects on fatty acid composition, growth and survival of juvenile mussels. Juvenile Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea were deployed in cages for 28 d at four riverine and four lacustrine sites in the lower St. Croix River, Minnesota/Wisconsin, USA. Mussel foot tissue and food resources (four seston fractions and surficial sediment) were analyzed for quantitative fatty acid (FA) composition. Green algae were abundant in riverine sites, whereas cyanobacteria were most abundant in the lacustrine sites. Mussel survival was high (95%) for both species. Lampsilis cardium exhibited lower growth relative to L. siliquoidea (p < 0.0001), but growth of L. cardium was not significantly different across sites (p = 0.13). In contrast, growth of L. siliquoidea was significantly greater at the most upstream riverine site compared to the lower three lacustrine sites (p = 0.002). In situ growth of Lampsilis siliquoidea was positively related to volatile solids (10 - 32 mu m fraction), total phosphorus (<10 and 10 - 32 mu m fractions), and select FA in the seston (docosapentaeonic acid, DPA, 22:5n3; 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic, 22:5n6; arachidonic acid, ARA, 20: 4n6; and 24: 0 in the <10 and 10 - 32 mu m fractions). Our laboratory feeding experiment also indicated high accumulation ratios for 22:5n3, 22:5n6, and 20:4n6 in mussel tissue relative to supplied algal diet. In contrast, growth of L. siliquiodea was negatively related to nearly all FAs in the largest size fraction (i.e., >63 mu m) of seston, including the bacterial FAs, and several of the FAs associated with sediments. Reduced mussel growth was observed in L. siliquoidea when the abundance of cyanobacteria exceeded 9% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Areas dominated by cyanobacteria may not provide sufficient food quality to promote or sustain mussel growth. C1 [Bartsch, Michelle R.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jon M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska] Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, WI USA. RP Bartsch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM mbartsch@usgs.gov FU US National Park Service through Park-Oriented Biological Support (POBS); USGS SIR Cyclical Funds, Basis+ [3210BG4, 47] FX This research was supported in part by the US National Park Service, through Park-Oriented Biological Support (POBS), USGS SIR Cyclical Funds, Basis+ number 3210BG4, Task 47. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0173419 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173419 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN5QM UT WOS:000396060600030 ER PT J AU Scott, C Slack, JF Kelley, KD AF Scott, Clint Slack, John F. Kelley, Karen D. TI The hyper-enrichment of V and Zn in black shales of the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (USA) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black shales; Trace metals; Euxinia; Molybdenum; Vanadium; Zinc ID DARK-SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; ORGANIC-MATTER; WILLISTON BASIN; TRACE-METALS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA; APPALACHIAN BASIN; FACIES GRADIENTS; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; PYRITE FORMATION AB Black shales of the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Bakken Formation are characterized by high concentrations of organic carbon and the hyper-enrichment (> 500 to 1000s of mg/kg) of V and Zn. Deposition of black shales resulted from shallow seafloor depths that promoted rapid development of euxinic conditions. Vanadium hyper-enrichments, which are unknown in modern environments, are likely the result of very high levels of dissolved H2S (similar to 10mM) in bottom waters or sediments. Because modern hyper-enrichments of Zn are documented only in Framvaren Fjord (Norway), it is likely that the biogeochemical trigger responsible for Zn hyper-enrichment in Framvaren Fjord was also present in the Bakken basin. With Framvaren Fjord as an analogue, we propose a causal link between the activity of phototrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, related to the development of photic-zone euxinia, and the hyper-enrichment of Zn in black shales of the Bakken Formation. C1 [Scott, Clint] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kelley, Karen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Scott, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM clintonscott@usgs.gov FU USGS FX We thank Erik Sperling, Rich Wanty, and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful comments to an early version of this paper. Craig Johnson assisted in sampling of drill cores, Jens Skei offered valuable insight into geochemistry of Framvaren Fjord, and Annie Scott provided helpful discussions. This research was funded by the USGS Mineral and Environmental Resources and Energy Resources Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 5 PY 2017 VL 452 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.026 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5JT UT WOS:000396729900003 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Goraichuk, IV Hicks, JT Dimitrov, KM Poulson, RL Stallknecht, DE Bahl, J Afonso, CL AF Ramey, Andrew M. Goraichuk, Iryna V. Hicks, Joseph T. Dimitrov, Kiril M. Poulson, Rebecca L. Stallknecht, David E. Bahl, Justin Afonso, Claudio L. TI Assessment of contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 in wild birds sampled in North America SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1; APMV-1; Exchange; Genetic diversity; Migratory bird; Newcastle disease; Order; Region; Taxa; Wild bird ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POULTRY; MARKETS; IDENTIFICATION; SHOREBIRDS; SEQUENCE; PIGEONS AB Background: Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) viruses are globally distributed, infect wild, peridomestic, and domestic birds, and sometimes lead to outbreaks of disease. Thus, the maintenance, evolution, and spread of APMV-1 viruses are relevant to avian health. Methods: In this study we sequenced the fusion gene from 58 APMV-1 isolates recovered from thirteen species of wild birds sampled throughout the USA during 2007-2014. We analyzed sequence information with previously reported data in order to assess contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of APMV-1 in wild birds sampled in North America. Results: Our results suggest that wild birds maintain previously undescribed genetic diversity of APMV-1; however, such diversity is unlikely to be pathogenic to domestic poultry. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that APMV-1 diversity detected in wild birds of North America has been found in birds belonging to numerous taxonomic host orders and within hosts inhabiting multiple geographic regions suggesting some level of viral exchange. However, our results also provide statistical support for associations between phylogenetic tree topology and host taxonomic order/region of sample origin which supports restricted exchange among taxa and geographical regions of North America for some APMV-1 sub-genotypes. Conclusions: We identify previously unrecognized genetic diversity of APMV-1 in wild birds in North America which is likely a function of continued viral evolution in reservoir hosts. We did not, however, find support for the emergence or maintenance of APMV-1 strains predicted to be pathogenic to poultry in wild birds of North America outside of the order Suliformes (i.e., cormorants). Furthermore, genetic evidence suggests that ecological drivers or other mechanisms may restrict viral exchange among taxa and regions of North America. Additional and more systematic sampling for APMV-1 in North America would likely provide further inference on viral dynamics for this infectious agent in wild bird populations. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Goraichuk, Iryna V.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hicks, Joseph T.; Bahl, Justin] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [604032000-072]; U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area FX This project was funded, in part, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (604032000-072) and by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD MAR 3 PY 2017 VL 14 AR 43 DI 10.1186/s12985-017-0714-8 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EN4QL UT WOS:000395991900001 PM 28253898 ER PT J AU Dodd, MS Papineau, D Grenne, T Slack, JF Rittner, M Pirajno, F O'Neil, J Little, CTS AF Dodd, Matthew S. Papineau, Dominic Grenne, Tor Slack, John F. Rittner, Martin Pirajno, Franco O'Neil, Jonathan Little, Crispin T. S. TI Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NUVVUAGITTUQ SUPRACRUSTAL BELT; CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY PROTOLITHS; PB ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; BANDED IRON FORMATIONS; GREENSTONE-BELT; QUEBEC CANADA; MICROFOSSILS; GRAPHITE; TEXTURES; ORIGIN AB Although it is not known when or where life on Earth began, some of the earliest habitable environments may have been submarine-hydrothermal vents. Here we describe putative fossilized microorganisms that are at least 3,770 million and possibly 4,280 million years old in ferruginous sedimentary rocks, interpreted as seafloor-hydrothermal vent-related precipitates, from the Nuvvuagittuq belt in Quebec, Canada. These structures occur as micrometre-scale haematite tubes and filaments with morphologies and mineral assemblages similar to those of filamentous microorganisms from modern hydrothermal vent precipitates and analogous microfossils in younger rocks. The Nuvvuagittuq rocks contain isotopically light carbon in carbonate and carbonaceous material, which occurs as graphitic inclusions in diagenetic carbonate rosettes, apatite blades intergrown among carbonate rosettes and magnetite-haematite granules, and is associated with carbonate in direct contact with the putative microfossils. Collectively, these observations are consistent with an oxidized biomass and provide evidence for biological activity in submarine-hydrothermal environments more than 3,770 million years ago. C1 [Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic] London Ctr Nanotechnol, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Rittner, Martin] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Grenne, Tor] Geol Survey Norway, Leiv Eirikssons Vei 39, N-7040 Trondheim, Norway. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pirajno, Franco] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [O'Neil, Jonathan] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Little, Crispin T. S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Papineau, D (reprint author), London Ctr Nanotechnol, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, England.; Papineau, D (reprint author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM d.papineau@ucl.ac.uk FU UCL; LCN; DTG from EPSRC, UK; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA04CC09A]; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Carnegie of Canada FX M.S.D. and D.P. acknowledge support from UCL and the LCN, and a DTG from EPSRC, UK. D.P. also thanks the NASA Astrobiology Institute (grant no. NNA04CC09A), the Carnegie Institution of Washington and Carnegie of Canada for funding, and the Geological Survey of Western Australia for access and support in the core library. We thank the municipality of Inukjuak, Quebec, and the Pituvik Landholding Corporation for permission to work on their territory; M. Carroll for logistical support; J. Davy and A. Beard for assistance with sample preparation and SEM and EPMA analyses; S. Huo for help with FIB nano-fabrication; G. and Y. Shields-Zhou and P. Pogge Von Strandmann for comments on the manuscript; and K. Konhauser for review. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 2 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7643 BP 60 EP + DI 10.1038/nature21377 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN0AA UT WOS:000395671500032 PM 28252057 ER PT J AU Cassidy, KA Mech, LD MacNulty, DR Stahler, DR Smith, DW AF Cassidy, Kira A. Mech, L. David MacNulty, Daniel R. Stahler, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. TI Sexually dimorphic aggression indicates male gray wolves specialize in pack defense against conspecific groups SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Canis lupus; Conflict; Fighting; Individual variation; Intraspecific strife; Mortality; Sexual dimorphism; Territoriality ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; INTERGROUP ENCOUNTERS; NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT; CROCUTA-CROCUTA; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; FEMALE AGGRESSION; MOUNTAIN GORILLAS; SPOTTED HYAENAS; STRESS-RESPONSE; VERVET MONKEYS AB Aggression directed at conspecific groups is common among gregarious, territorial species, and for some species such as gray wolves (Canis lupus) intraspecific strife is the leading cause of natural mortality. Each individual in a group likely has different measures of the costs and benefits associated with a group task, such as an aggressive attack on another group, which can alter motivation and behavior. We observed 292 inter-pack aggressive interactions in Yellowstone National Park between 1 April 1995 and 1 April 2011 (>5300 days of observation) in order to determine the role of both sexes, and the influence of pack, age, and other traits on aggression. We recorded the behaviors and characteristics of all individuals present during the interactions (n = 534 individuals) and which individuals participated in each step (i.e. chase, attack, kill, flight) of the interaction. Overall, all wolves were more likely to chase rivals if they outnumbered their opponent, suggesting packs accurately assess their opponent's size during encounters and individuals adjust their behavior based on relative pack size. Males were more likely than females to chase rival packs and gray-colored wolves were more aggressive than black-colored wolves. Male wolves and gray-colored wolves also recorded higher cortisol levels than females and black-colored wolves, indicating hormonal support for more intense aggressive behavior. Further, we found a positive correlation between male age and probability of chasing, while age-specific participation for females remained constant. Chasing behavior was influenced by the sex of lone intruders, with males more likely to chase male intruders. This difference in behavior suggests male and female wolves may have different strategies and motivations during inter-pack aggressive interactions related to gray wolf mating systems. A division of labor between pack members concerning resource and territory defense suggests selection for specific traits related to aggression is an adaptive response to intense competition between groups of conspecifics. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cassidy, Kira A.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resource Sci & Management, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cassidy, Kira A.; Stahler, Daniel R.; Smith, Douglas W.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Wolf Project, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711-37th St S-E, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [MacNulty, Daniel R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cassidy, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resource Sci & Management, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kira_cassidy@nps.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0613730, DEB-1245373, DEB-1021397] FX We thank Erin Stahler, Matt Metz, Rick McIntyre and numerous field technicians for their advice, guidance, and tireless work in data collection and logistics. This work would not be possible without the safe piloting of Roger Stradley from Gallatin Flying Service, Bob Hawkins from Hawkins and Powers, Inc. and Sky Aviation, Inc, and Mark Duffy from Central Copters, Inc. Mike Wilson and Glenn Del-Giudice provided valuable insight on early drafts of this manuscript. We also thank the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Lab and significant donors to the Yellowstone Wolf Project: Valerie Gates, Annie and Bob Graham, and Frank and Kay Yeager, as well as the U. S. National Park Service, and the U. S. Geological Survey, and National Science Foundation (DEB-0613730, DEB-1245373 and DEB-1021397). Any mention of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 EI 1872-8308 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD MAR PY 2017 VL 136 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.011 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA EN2MM UT WOS:000395844600010 PM 28143722 ER PT J AU Ilgen, AG Heath, JE Akkutlu, IY Bryndzia, LT Cole, DR Kharaka, YK Kneafsey, TJ Milliken, KL Pyrak-Nolte, LJ Suarez-Rivera, R AF Ilgen, Anastasia G. Heath, Jason E. Akkutlu, I. Yucel Bryndzia, L. Taras Cole, David R. Kharaka, Yousif K. Kneafsey, Timothy J. Milliken, Kitty L. Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J. Suarez-Rivera, Roberto TI Shales at all scales: Exploring coupled processes in mudrocks SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mudrock; Shale; Coupled processes; Hydraulic fracturing; Diagenesis; Spatial scale; Temporal scale; THCMB ID SHEAR FRACTURE COMPLIANCE; SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS-WELLS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID-FLOW; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; ISOTOPIC EVOLUTION AB Fine-grained sedimentary rocks - namely mudrocks, including their laminated fissile variety shales - make up about two thirds of all sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust and a quarter of the continental land mass. Organic rich shales and mudstones are the source rocks and reservoirs for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Mudrocks are relied upon as natural barriers for geological carbon storage and nuclear waste disposal. Consideration of mudrock multi-scale physics and multi-scale spatial and temporal behavior is vital to address emergent phenomena in shale formations perturbed by engineering activities. Unique physical characteristics of shales arise as a result of their layered and highly heterogeneous and anisotropic nature, low permeability fabric, compositional complexity, and nano-scale confined chemical environments. Barriers of lexicon among geoscientists and engineers impede the development and use of conceptual models for the coupled thermal hydraulic-mechanical-chemical-biological (THMCB) processes in mudrock formations. This manuscript reviews the THMCB process couplings, resulting emergent behavior, and key modeling approaches. We identify future research priorities, in particular fundamental knowledge gaps in understanding the phase behavior under nano scale confinement, coupled chemo-mechanical effects on fractures, the interplay between physical and chemical processes and their rates, and issues of non-linearity and heterogeneity. We develop recommendations for future research and integrating multi-disciplinary conceptual models for the coupled multi-scale multi-physics behavior of mudrocks. Consistent conceptual models across disciplines are essential for predicting emergent processes in the subsurface, such as self-focusing of flow, time-dependent deformation (creep), fracture network development, and wellbore stability. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilgen, Anastasia G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Heath, Jason E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Akkutlu, I. Yucel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Petr Engn, 3116 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bryndzia, L. Taras] Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Petrophys & Geornech, Integrated Geosci Res, Shell Technol Ctr Houston, R-1002B,3333 Highway 6 South, Houston, TX 77082 USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, 305 Mendenhall Lab,125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif K.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kneafsey, Timothy J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Hydrogeol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Milliken, Kitty L.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Suarez-Rivera, Roberto] WD Von Gonten Labs LLC, 808 Travis,Suite 1200, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Ilgen, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agilgen@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Center for Frontiers in Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0001114]; Center for Nanoscale Controls on Geologic CO, (NCGC); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Geosdences Research Program [DE-FG02-09ER16022] FX This review article is an outgrowth of the "Shales at All Scales: Exploring Coupled Processes" workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 9-11, 2015. We thank the workshop attendees - scientists from academia, industry and national laboratories - who highlighted recent advances in shale science, and brainstormed research needs and approaches for the next level of advancement. The Workshop was sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank Susan Altman for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript, and the anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments on the submitted version. For AGI, work relevant to the chemical controls on fracture is supported as part of the Center for Frontiers in Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award # DE-SC0001114. For DRC, TJK, and LJPN work was supported as part of the Center for Nanoscale Controls on Geologic CO, (NCGC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-AC02-05CH11231. For LJPN, work related to wave propagation in fractured anisotropic media was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Geosdences Research Program under Award Number (DE-FG02-09ER16022). NR 185 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 166 BP 132 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.013 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO8XO UT WOS:000396974000007 ER PT J AU Hefley, TJ Broms, KM Brost, BM Buderman, FE Kay, SL Scharf, HR Tipton, JR Williams, PJ Hooten, MB AF Hefley, Trevor J. Broms, Kristin M. Brost, Brian M. Buderman, Frances E. Kay, Shannon L. Scharf, Henry R. Tipton, John R. Williams, Perry J. Hooten, Mevin B. TI The basis function approach for modeling autocorrelation in ecological data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; Bayesian model; collinearity; dimension reduction; semiparametric regression; spatial statistics; time series ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; MOMENT EQUATIONS; BAYESIAN MODEL; PATTERN; SPLINES; POPULATION; SELECTION; MOVEMENT AB Analyzing ecological data often requires modeling the autocorrelation created by spatial and temporal processes. Many seemingly disparate statistical methods used to account for autocorrelation can be expressed as regression models that include basis functions. Basis functions also enable ecologists to modify a wide range of existing ecological models in order to account for autocorrelation, which can improve inference and predictive accuracy. Furthermore, understanding the properties of basis functions is essential for evaluating the fit of spatial or time-series models, detecting a hidden form of collinearity, and analyzing large data sets. We present important concepts and properties related to basis functions and illustrate several tools and techniques ecologists can use when modeling autocorrelation in ecological data. C1 [Hefley, Trevor J.; Broms, Kristin M.; Brost, Brian M.; Williams, Perry J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.; Kay, Shannon L.; Scharf, Henry R.; Tipton, John R.; Williams, Perry J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM thefley@ksu.edu FU USGS [G14AC00366]; NSF DMS [1614392.] FX We thank Paul Conn, Evan Cooch, Perry de Valpine, Devin Johnson, Maxwell Joseph, Jay Ver Hoef, Hadley Wickham, and four anonymous reviewers for valuable insight and early discussions about this work. The authors acknowledge support for this research from USGS G14AC00366 and NSF DMS 1614392. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 98 IS 3 BP 632 EP 646 DI 10.1002/ecy.1674 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2FB UT WOS:000395824000005 PM 27935640 ER PT J AU Pacifici, K Reich, BJ Miller, DAW Gardner, B Stauffer, G Singh, S McKerrow, A Collazo, JA AF Pacifici, Krishna Reich, Brian J. Miller, David A. W. Gardner, Beth Stauffer, Glenn Singh, Susheela McKerrow, Alexa Collazo, Jaime A. TI Integrating multiple data sources in species distribution modeling: a framework for data fusion SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brown-headed nuthatch; data fusion; multivariate conditional autoregressive; species distribution modeling ID PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; REPLICATED COUNTS; POPULATION-SIZE; CITIZEN SCIENCE; MIXTURE-MODELS; ABUNDANCE; MAXENT; ERRORS AB The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of species distribution models (SDMs) to characterize patterns of species' occurrence and abundance. Efforts to -parameterize SDMs often create a tension between the quality and quantity of data available to fit models. Estimation methods that integrate both standardized and non-standardized data types offer a potential solution to the tradeoff between data quality and quantity. Recently several authors have developed approaches for jointly modeling two sources of data (one of high quality and one of lesser quality). We extend their work by allowing for explicit spatial autocorrelation in occurrence and detection error using a Multivariate Conditional Autoregressive (MVCAR) model and develop three models that share information in a less direct manner resulting in more robust performance when the auxiliary data is of lesser quality. We describe these three new approaches ("Shared,""Correlation,""Covariates") for combining data sources and show their use in a case study of the Brown-headed Nuthatch in the Southeastern U. S. and through simulations. All three of the approaches which used the second data source improved out-of-sample predictions relative to a single data source ("Single"). When information in the second data source is of high quality, the Shared model performs the best, but the Correlation and Covariates model also perform well. When the information quality in the second data source is of lesser quality, the Correlation and Covariates model performed better suggesting they are robust alternatives when little is known about auxiliary data collected opportunistically or through citizen scientists. Methods that allow for both data types to be used will maximize the useful information available for estimating species distributions. C1 [Pacifici, Krishna] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Program Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reich, Brian J.; Singh, Susheela] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Miller, David A. W.; Stauffer, Glenn] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gardner, Beth] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pacifici, K (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Program Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jkpacifi@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey through North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Research Work [215] FX We would like to acknowledge SAMSI for organizing a session on Mathematical/Statistical Ecology. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey through North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Research Work Order 215. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 98 IS 3 BP 840 EP 850 DI 10.1002/ecy.1710 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2FB UT WOS:000395824000024 PM 28027588 ER PT J AU Gibb, H Dunn, RR Sanders, NJ Grossman, BF Photakis, M Abril, S Agosti, D Andersen, AN Angulo, E Armbrecht, I Arnan, X Baccaro, FB Bishop, TR Boulay, R Bruhl, C Castracani, C Cerda, X Del Toro, I Delsinne, T Diaz, M Donoso, DA Ellison, AM Enriquez, ML Fayle, TM Feener, DH Fisher, BL Fisher, RN Fitzpatrick, MC Gomez, C Gotelli, NJ Gove, A Grasso, DA Groc, S Guenard, B Gunawardene, N Heterick, B Hoffmann, B Janda, M Jenkins, C Kaspari, M Klimes, P Lach, L Laeger, T Lattke, J Leponce, M Lessard, JP Longino, J Lucky, A Luke, SH Majer, J McGlynn, TP Menke, S Mezger, D Mori, A Moses, J Munyai, TC Pacheco, R Paknia, O Pearce-Duvet, J Pfeiffer, M Philpott, SM Resasco, J Retana, J Silva, RR Sorger, MD Souza, J Suarez, A Tista, M Vasconcelos, HL Vonshak, M Weiser, MD Yates, M Parr, CL AF Gibb, Heloise Dunn, Rob R. Sanders, Nathan J. Grossman, Blair F. Photakis, Manoli Abril, Silvia Agosti, Donat Andersen, Alan N. Angulo, Elena Armbrecht, Inge Arnan, Xavier Baccaro, Fabricio B. Bishop, Tom R. Boulay, Raphael Bruehl, Carsten Castracani, Cristina Cerda, Xim Del Toro, Israel Delsinne, Thibaut Diaz, Mireia Donoso, David A. Ellison, Aaron M. Enriquez, Martha L. Fayle, Tom M. Feener, Donald H., Jr. Fisher, Brian L. Fisher, Robert N. Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. Gomez, Crisanto Gotelli, Nicholas J. Gove, Aaron Grasso, Donato A. Groc, Sarah Guenard, Benoit Gunawardene, Nihara Heterick, Brian Hoffmann, Benjamin Janda, Milan Jenkins, Clinton Kaspari, Michael Klimes, Petr Lach, Lori Laeger, Thomas Lattke, John Leponce, Maurice Lessard, Jean-Philippe Longino, John Lucky, Andrea Luke, Sarah H. Majer, Jonathan McGlynn, Terrence P. Menke, Sean Mezger, Dirk Mori, Alessandra Moses, Jimmy Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell Pacheco, Renata Paknia, Omid Pearce-Duvet, Jessica Pfeiffer, Martin Philpott, Stacy M. Resasco, Julian Retana, Javier Silva, Rogerio R. Sorger, Magdalena D. Souza, Jorge Suarez, Andrew Tista, Melanie Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. Vonshak, Merav Weiser, Michael D. Yates, Michelle Parr, Catherine L. TI A global database of ant species abundances SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; ants; database; disturbance; Formicidae; geo-referenced; habitat; local assemblage; ccurrence; pitfall trap; Winkler trap AB What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo-referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a -variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large-scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set. C1 [Gibb, Heloise; Grossman, Blair F.; Photakis, Manoli] La Trobe Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Evolut, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. [Dunn, Rob R.; Sorger, Magdalena D.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dunn, Rob R.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Del Toro, Israel] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Abril, Silvia; Diaz, Mireia; Enriquez, Martha L.; Gomez, Crisanto] Univ Girona, Dept Environm Sci, Montilivi Campus S-N, Girona 17071, Spain. [Agosti, Donat] Naturhistor Museum Bern, Bernastr 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. [Andersen, Alan N.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Trop Ecosyst Res Ctr, PMB 44, Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia. [Angulo, Elena; Cerda, Xim] Estac Biol Donana, Dept Etol Conservac & Biodiversidad, Ave Americo Vespucio S-N Isla Cartuja, Seville 41092, Spain. [Armbrecht, Inge] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Natur & Exactas, Cali, Colombia. [Arnan, Xavier] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Bot, Avenida Prof Moraes Rego S,Cidade Univ, Recife, Brazil. [Baccaro, Fabricio B.] Univ Fed Amazonas UFAM, Dept Biol, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bishop, Tom R.; Parr, Catherine L.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Ocean & Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. [Bishop, Tom R.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Boulay, Raphael] Terr Univ, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, Dept Amenagement, Francois Rabelais Tours, F-37200 Tours, France. [Bruehl, Carsten] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau Der Pfalz, Germany. [Castracani, Cristina; Grasso, Donato A.; Mori, Alessandra] Univ Parma, Dept Life Sci, Parco Area Sci 11-A, I-43124 Parma, Italy. [Delsinne, Thibaut] Soc His Nat Alcide Orbigny, 57 Rue Gergovie, F-63170 Aubiere, France. [Donoso, David A.] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Ciencias Biol, Ave Ladron Guevara, E-11253 Quito, Ecuador. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol & Environm Conservat, Morrill Sci Ctr, Holdsworth Hall,611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Arts Business & Law, Trop Forests & People Res Ctr, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia. [Fayle, Tom M.; Klimes, Petr; Moses, Jimmy] Univ South Bohemia, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Ctr Biol, Inst Entomol, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Fayle, Tom M.; Klimes, Petr] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Fayle, Tom M.] Imperial Coll London, Forest Ecol & Conservat Grp, Silwood Pk Campus,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Feener, Donald H., Jr.; Longino, John; Pearce-Duvet, Jessica] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fisher, Brian L.] Calif Acad Sci, Entomol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Gove, Aaron] Astron Environm Serv, Perth, WA, Australia. [Gove, Aaron; Gunawardene, Nihara; Heterick, Brian; Majer, Jonathan] Curtin Univ, Agr Environm Dept, G POB U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Groc, Sarah; Pacheco, Renata; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, Rua Ceara, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Guenard, Benoit] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Janda, Milan] Univ Guanajuato, Dept Biol, Noria Alta Sn, Guanajuato, Mexico. [Jenkins, Clinton] IPE, Nazare Paulista, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kaspari, Michael; Weiser, Michael D.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, 730 Van Vleet Oval,Room 314, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Klimes, Petr; Moses, Jimmy] New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, POB 604, Madang, Papua N Guinea. [Lach, Lori] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Biol & Climate Change, POB 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. [Laeger, Thomas] Univ Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Lattke, John] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, Caixa Postal 19020, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Leponce, Maurice] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Sect Biol Evaluat, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Lessard, Jean-Philippe] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B IR6, Canada. [Lucky, Andrea] Univ Florida, Entomol & Nematol Dept, 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Luke, Sarah H.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Luke, Sarah H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Majer, Jonathan] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [McGlynn, Terrence P.] Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Dominguez Hills,1000 East Victoria St, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [McGlynn, Terrence P.] Nat Hist Museum Angeles Cty, Dept Entomol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Menke, Sean] Lake Forest Coll, Dept Biol, 555 North Sheridan Rd, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. [Mezger, Dirk] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Div Insects, Moreau Lab, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Coll Agr Engn & Sci, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Paknia, Omid] TiHo Hannover, Inst Anim Ecol & Cell Biol, Bunteweg 17d, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. [Pfeiffer, Martin] Natl Univ Mongolia, Dept Ecol, Baga Toiruu 47,POB 377, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongol Peo Rep. [Philpott, Stacy M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Environm Studies Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Resasco, Julian] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, UCB 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Retana, Javier] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Silva, Rogerio R.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenacao Ciencias Terra Ecol, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Souza, Jorge] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Coordenacao Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Suarez, Andrew] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tista, Melanie] Univ Vienna, Dept Trop Ecol & Anim Biodivers, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Vonshak, Merav] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yates, Michelle] Univ New England, Ctr Behav & Physiol Ecol Zool, Armidale, NSW, Australia. RP Gibb, H (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Evolut, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. EM h.gibb@latrobe.edu.au RI Grasso, Donato/I-4505-2012; Bishop, Tom/G-3213-2014 OI Bishop, Tom/0000-0001-7061-556X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 98 IS 3 BP 883 EP 884 DI 10.1002/ecy.1682 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2FB UT WOS:000395824000029 PM 27984661 ER PT J AU Reese, GC Skagen, SK AF Reese, Gordon C. Skagen, Susan K. TI Modeling nonbreeding distributions of shorebirds and waterfowl in response to climate change SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE climate change; conservation design; migratory shorebirds; species distribution models; wintering waterfowl ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; WETLAND BIRD HABITAT; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; PLAYA WETLANDS; GREAT-PLAINS; BROAD-SCALE; MIGRATION STOPOVERS; SPRING MIGRATION; AVIAN MIGRATION AB To identify areas on the landscape that may contribute to a robust network of conservation areas, we modeled the probabilities of occurrence of several en route migratory shorebirds and wintering waterfowl in the southern Great Plains of North America, including responses to changing climate. We predominantly used data from the eBird citizen-science project to model probabilities of occurrence relative to land-use patterns, spatial distribution of wetlands, and climate. We projected models to potential future climate conditions using five representative general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). We used Random Forests to model probabilities of occurrence and compared the time periods 1981-2010 (hindcast) and 2041-2070 (forecast) in "model space." Projected changes in shorebird probabilities of occurrence varied with species-specific general distribution pattern, migration distance, and spatial extent. Species using the western and northern portion of the study area exhibited the greatest likelihoods of decline, whereas species with more easterly occurrences, mostly long-distance migrants, had the greatest projected increases in probability of occurrence. At an ecoregional extent, differences in probabilities of shorebird occurrence ranged from -0.015 to 0.045 when averaged across climate models, with the largest increases occurring early in migration. Spatial shifts are predicted for several shorebird species. Probabilities of occurrence of wintering Mallards and Northern Pintail are predicted to increase by 0.046 and 0.061, respectively, with northward shifts projected for both species. When incorporated into partner land management decision tools, results at ecoregional extents can be used to identify wetland complexes with the greatest potential to support birds in the nonbreeding season under a wide range of future climate scenarios. C1 [Reese, Gordon C.; Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skagens@usgs.gov FU Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey FX Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1513 DI 10.1002/ece3.2755 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EM0MI UT WOS:000395012000017 PM 28261460 ER PT J AU Wood, CM McKinney, ST Loftin, CS AF Wood, Connor M. McKinney, Shawn T. Loftin, Cynthia S. TI Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Community ecology; functional diversity; small mammals; stability; stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; SMALL MAMMALS; RAIN-FOREST; POPULATIONS; DELTA-C-13; DIET; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB Common species are fundamental to the structure and function of their communities and may enhance community stability through intraspecific functional diversity (iFD). We measured among-habitat and within-habitat iFD (i.e., among- and within-plant community types) of two common small mammal species using stable isotopes and functional trait dendrograms, determined whether iFD was related to short-term population stability and small mammal community stability, and tested whether spatially explicit trait filters helped explain observed patterns of iFD. Southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) had greater iFD than deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), both among habitats, and within the plant community in which they were most abundant (their ''primary habitat''). Peromyscus maniculatus populations across habitats differed significantly between years and declined 78% in deciduous forests, their primary habitat, as did the overall deciduous forest small mammal community. Myodes gapperi populations were stable across habitats and within coniferous forest, their primary habitat, as was the coniferous forest small mammal community. Generalized linear models representing internal trait filters (e.g., competition), which increase within-habitat type iFD, best explained variation in M. gapperi diet, while models representing internal filters and external filters (e.g., climate), which suppress within-habitat iFD, best explained P.maniculatus diet. This supports the finding that M.gapperi had higher iFD than P.maniculatus and is consistent with the theory that internal trait filters are associated with higher iFD than external filters. Common species with high iFD can impart a stabilizing influence on their communities, information that can be important for conserving biodiversity under environmental change. C1 [Wood, Connor M.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [McKinney, Shawn T.; Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Wood, Connor M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wood, CM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; Wood, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cwood9@wisc.edu OI Wood, Connor/0000-0002-0235-5214 FU Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund [141-01-04]; MDIFW; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine Graduate Student Government FX Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, Grant/Award Number: 141-01-04; MDIFW through the Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine Graduate Student Government NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1553 EP 1560 DI 10.1002/ece3.2721 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EM0MI UT WOS:000395012000021 PM 28261464 ER PT J AU Waller, DL Bartsch, MR Fredricks, KT Bartsch, LA Schleis, SM Leez, SH AF Waller, Diane L. Bartsch, Michelle R. Fredricks, Kim T. Bartsch, Lynn A. Schleis, Susan M. Leez, Sheldon H. TI EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON JUVENILES OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSEL (LAMPSILIS SILIQUOIDEA [UNIONIDAE]) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mollusk toxicology; Freshwater toxicology; Unionid; Carbon dioxide; Benthic macroinvertebrate ID ACID-BASE STATUS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ANODONTA-ANATINA; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHRONIC TOXICITY; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; UNIO-TUMIDUS; EXPOSURE; BIVALVIA; SEDIMENT AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive Asian carp, but its effects on native freshwater biota have not been well studied. The authors evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) mussels to CO2 at levels (43-269 mg/L, mean concentration) that bracket concentrations effective for deterring carp movement. The 28-d lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels was 87.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 78.4-95.9) and at 16-d postexposure, 76.0 mg/L (95% CI 62.9-90.3). A proportional hazards regression model predicted that juveniles could not survive CO2 concentrations > 160 mg/L for more than 2 wk or > 100 mg/L CO2 for more than 30 d. Mean shell growth was significantly lower for mussels that survived CO2 treatments. Growth during the postexposure period did not differ among treatments, indicating recovery of the mussels. Also, CO2 caused shell pitting and erosion. Behavioral effects of CO2 included movement of mussels to the substrate surface and narcotization at the highest concentrations. Mussels in the 110 mg/L mean CO2 treatment had the most movements in the first 3 d of exposure. If CO2 is infused continuously as a fish deterrent, concentrations < 76 mg/L are recommended to prevent juvenile mussel mortality and shell damage. Mussels may survive and recover from brief exposure to higher concentrations. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Waller, Diane L.; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Schleis, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Leez, Sheldon H.] Viterbo Univ, Dept Math, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Waller, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM dwaller@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1002/etc.3567 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700026 PM 27466973 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Dummer, PM Goldberg, D Franson, JC Ericksony, RA AF Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Dummer, Paul M. Goldberg, Diana Franson, J. Christian Ericksony, Richard A. TI ORGANIC CONTAMINATION IN TREE SWALLOW (TACHYCINETA BICOLOR) NESTLINGS AT UNITED STATES AND BINATIONAL GREAT LAKES AREAS OF CONCERN SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tree swallow; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Perfluorinated compound ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HERRING GULL EGGS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; USA; EXPOSURE; RIVER AB Contaminant exposure of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, nesting in 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs) in the Great Lakes basin was assessed from 2010 to 2014 to assist managers and regulators in their assessments of Great Lakes AOCs. Contaminant concentrations in nestlings from AOCs were compared with those in nestlings from nearby non-AOC sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in tree swallow nestling carcasses at 30% and 33% of AOCs, respectively, were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in nestling stomach contents and perfluorinated compound concentrations in nestling plasma at 67% and 64% of AOCs, respectively, were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Concentrations of PCBs in nestling carcasses were elevated at some AOCs but modest compared with highly PCB-contaminated sites where reproductive effects have been documented. Concentrations of PAHs in diet were sufficiently elevated at some AOCs to elicit a measurable physiological response. Among AOCs, concentrations of the perfluorinated compound perfluorooctane sulfonate in plasma were the highest on the River Raisin (MI, USA; geometric mean 330 ng/mL) but well below an estimated toxicity reference value (1700 ng/mL). Both PAH and PCB concentrations in nestling stomach contents and PCBs in carcasses were significantly correlated with concentrations in sediment previously reported, thereby reinforcing the utility of tree swallows to assess bioavailability of sediment contamination. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Custer, Thomas W.; Custer, Christine M.; Dummer, Paul M.; Ericksony, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Goldberg, Diana; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; US Environmental Protection Agency; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; US Geological Survey FX The present study was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the US Geological Survey. We thank C. Balk, G. Berner, C. Bole, P. Boone, R. Booth, Jr., A. Bosak, A. Haertel, A. Heimann, Y. Hernandez, M. Iverson, M. Larkin, A. Lorenz, S. O'Mara, R. Mayer, P. McKann, K. McMullen, M. Meier, K. Mott, K. Prestby, D. Ripp, P. Ripple, C. Schneider, L. Solem, D. Tagerson, J. TeSlaa, J. Tschaikovsky, M. Weber, and T. Zimmerman for field assistance; K. Murray for contracting assistance; state personnel from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York for help obtaining collecting permits; and J. Waide, B. Rattner, and 4 anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The present study could not have been conducted without the access granted by the following landowners: cities of Ashwaubenon, WI; Chicago, IL; Douglas, MI; Duluth, MN; Green Bay, WI; Manistique, MI; Marysville, MI; Milwaukee, WI; Monroe, MI; Muskegon, MI; North Tonawanda, NY; Portage, IN; Rochester, NY; Sault St. Marie, MI; Sheboygan, WI; Sheboygan Falls, WI; Superior, WI; Toledo, OH; Whitehall, MI; and Wyandotte, MI. We also thank Algonac State Park; Allete Energy; K. Aukerman; C. Balk; Bay City Waste Water Treatment Plant; Bay Mills Indian Community; BNSF Railroad; Rod Booth, Jr.; Buffalo Urban Development Corp.; Cedarburg Waste Water Treatment Plant; Chippewa Nature Center; Cleveland MetroParks; Commercial Heat Treating; Detroit Water and Sewerage; DTE Energy; Eagles Club Restaurant; Erie County, NY; Erie, PA, Waterworks; Fruitland Township; Fibrek; Hallett Dock; Hank Aaron State Trail; Honeywell; Horseshoe Casino; state of Indiana (Roxana Marsh); Ironhead Marine; KK Integrated Logistics; Kohler Company; LaFarge; Lake Erie MetroPark, MI; Lakeshore State Park, WI; C. Larscheid; Lorain Port Authority; Macomb County; Manistique Paper; Martineau and Morris Contracting; Mayline; Milwaukee County Department of Parks, Recreation and Culture; MI Department of Natural Resources (Deer Lake and Algonac State Park); Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (Green Mountain); National Gypsum; H. Nelson; New Page Paper; New York State Parks (Niagara Falls, NY); Port of Monroe; Presque Isle State Park; River Wildlife; C. Schneider; R. Seichter; Sheboygan Monument; L. Solem; Stimm Associates; True North Architecture and Construction; US Fish and Wildlife Service (Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge); US Forest Service (Huron Manistee National Forest); Van Riper State Park; and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Star Lake). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 735 EP 748 DI 10.1002/etc.3598 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700005 PM 27539913 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Schmidt, TS Balistrierix, LS AF Mebane, Christopher A. Schmidt, Travis S. Balistrierix, Laurie S. TI LARVAL AQUATIC INSECT RESPONSES TO CADMIUM AND ZINC IN EXPERIMENTAL STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metal mixture toxicity; Biotic ligand model; Aquatic insects; Mesocosms; Ephemeroptera; Tox model ID HEAVY-METALS; ACUTE TOXICITY; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; FRESH-WATER; SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTION; DISSOLVED CADMIUM; ZN UPTAKE; BIOACCUMULATION; MIXTURES; COPPER AB To evaluate the risks of metal mixture effects to natural stream communities under ecologically relevant conditions, the authors conducted 30-d tests with benthic macroinvertebrates exposed to cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in experimental streams. The simultaneous exposures were with Cd and Zn singly and with Cd+Zn mixtures at environmentally relevant ratios. The tests produced concentration response patterns that for individual taxa were interpreted in the same manner as classic single-species toxicity tests and for community metrics such as taxa richness and mayfly (Ephemeroptera) abundance were interpreted in the same manner as with stream survey data. Effect concentrations from the experimental stream exposures were usually 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those from classic single-species tests. Relative to a response addition model, which assumes that the joint toxicity of the mixtures can be predicted from the product of their responses to individual toxicants, the Cd+Zn mixtures generally showed slightly less than additive toxicity. The authors applied a modeling approach called Tox to explore the mixture toxicity results and to relate the experimental stream results to field data. The approach predicts the accumulation of toxicants (hydrogen, Cd, and Zn) on organisms using a 2-pK(a) bidentate model that defines interactions between dissolved cations and biological receptors (biotic ligands) and relates that accumulation through a logistic equation to biological response. The Tox modeling was able to predict Cd+Zn mixture responses fromthe single-metal exposures as well as responses from field data. The similarity of response patterns between the 30-d experimental stream tests and field data supports the environmental relevance of testing aquatic insects in experimental streams. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Balistrierix, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balistrierix, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov FU USGS Mineral Resources Program for the project "Potential Toxicity of Multiple Metals Associated with PGE Deposits"; USGS Contaminant Biology Program; International Zinc Association FX Principal funding for this work was provided by the USGS Mineral Resources Program for the project "Potential Toxicity of Multiple Metals Associated with PGE Deposits." Supplemental funding was provided by the USGS Contaminant Biology Program and the International Zinc Association. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. L. Hargis, J. Miller, H. Rogers, D. Shaw, and R. Wanty provided assistance or advice. Inorganic chemical analyses were conducted by R. Wolf, M. Adams, and others of the USGS Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center (Denver, CO). Organic carbon analyses were conducted by A. Morello of the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, School of Oceanography, University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA). Macroinvertebrate identifications were conducted by D. Rees at Timberline Aquatics (Fort Collins, CO, USA). We thank J. Meyer, E. Van Genderen, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful manuscript criticisms. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 749 EP 762 DI 10.1002/etc.3599 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700013 PM 27541712 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ivey, CD Ingersoll, CG Brumbaugh, WG Alvarez, D Hammer, EJ Bauer, CR Augspurger, T Raimondo, S Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Ivey, Christopher D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Brumbaugh, William G. Alvarez, David Hammer, Edward J. Bauer, Candice R. Augspurger, Tom Raimondo, Sandy Barnhart, M. Christopher TI ACUTE SENSITIVITY OF A BROAD RANGE OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS TO CHEMICALS WITH DIFFERENT MODES OF TOXIC ACTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Juvenile mussels; Acute toxicity; Water quality criteria; Water quality guidelines; Species sensitivity distribution ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; ONLY EXPOSURES; UNIONIDAE; GLOCHIDIA; COPPER; AMMONIA; JUVENILES; ZINC AB Freshwater mussels, one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, are generally underrepresented in toxicity databases used for the development of ambient water quality criteria and other environmental guidance values. Acute 96-h toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of 5 species of juvenile mussels from 2 families and 4 tribes to 10 chemicals (ammonia, metals, major ions, and organic compounds) and to screen 10 additional chemicals (mainly organic compounds) with a commonly tested mussel species, fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea). In the multi-species study, median effect concentrations (EC50s) among the 5 species differed by a factor of <= 2 for chloride, potassium, sulfate, and zinc; a factor of <= 5 for ammonia, chromium, copper, and nickel; and factors of 6 and 12 for metolachlor and alachlor, respectively, indicating that mussels representing different families or tribes had similar sensitivity to most of the tested chemicals, regardless of modes of action. There was a strong linear relationship between EC50s for fatmucket and the other 4 mussel species across the 10 chemicals (r(2) = 0.97, slope close to 1.0), indicating that fatmucket was similar to other mussel species; thus, this commonly tested species can be a good surrogate for protecting other mussels in acute exposures. The sensitivity of juvenile fatmucket among different populations or cultured fromlarvae ofwild adults and captive-cultured adults was also similar in acute exposures to copper or chloride, indicating captive-cultured adult mussels can reliably be used to reproduce juveniles for toxicity testing. In compiled databases for all freshwater species, 1 or more mussel species were among the 4 most sensitive species for alachlor, ammonia, chloride, potassium, sulfate, copper, nickel, and zinc; therefore, the development of water quality criteria and other environmental guidance values for these chemicals should reflect the sensitivity of mussels. In contrast, the EC50s of fatmucket tested in the single-species study were in the high percentiles (> 75th) of species sensitivity distributions for 6 of 7 organic chemicals, indicating mussels might be relatively insensitive to organic chemicals in acute exposures. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Wang, Ning; Ivey, Christopher D.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Alvarez, David] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hammer, Edward J.; Bauer, Candice R.] US EPA, Water Qual Branch, Chicago, IL USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Raimondo, Sandy] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the staff of the Toxicology Branch and Environmental Chemistry Branch of US Geological Survey (Columbia, MO, USA) for technical assistance, E.A. Glidewell of Missouri State University (Springfield, MO, USA) and N. Eckert of Genoa National Fish Hatchery (Genoa, WI, USA) for providing juvenile mussels for testing, T. Divis of the Kansas City Zoo for mussel culture, C. Lilavois for assistance with the USEPA Web-Interspecies Correlation Estimation database, K.L. Smalling and M.L. Hladik of the US Geological Survey (Sacramento, CA, USA) for analyses of some organic chemicals, and 3 anonymous journal reviewers for their comments. Funding for the present study was provided in part by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 786 EP 796 DI 10.1002/etc.3642 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700027 PM 27699830 ER PT J AU Ivey, CD Besser, JM Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Rogers, DC Raimondo, S Bauer, CR Hammerk, EJ AF Ivey, Chris D. Besser, John M. Ingersoll, Chris G. Wang, Ning Rogers, D. Christopher Raimondo, Sandy Bauer, Candice R. Hammerk, Edward J. TI ACUTE SENSITIVITY OF THE VERNAL POOL FAIRY SHRIMP, BRANCHINECTA LYNCHI (ANOSTRACA; BRANCHINECTIDAE), AND SURROGATE SPECIES TO 10 CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acute toxicity; Endangered species; Fairy shrimp; Interspecies correlation estimation models ID THAMNOCEPHALUS-PLATYURUS; TOXICITY TESTS; FRESH-WATER; MICROBIOTESTS; BRANCHIOPODA; CRUSTACEA; MODELS AB Vernal pool fairy shrimp, Branchinecta lynchi, (Branchiopoda; Anostraca) and other fairy shrimp species have been listed as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Because few data exist about the sensitivity of Branchinecta spp. to toxic effects of contaminants, it is difficult to determine whether they are adequately protected by water quality criteria. A series of acute (24-h) lethality/immobilization tests was conducted with 3 species of fairy shrimp (B. lynchi, Branchinecta lindahli, and Thamnocephalus platyurus) and 10 chemicals with varying modes of toxic action: ammonia, potassium, chloride, sulfate, chromium( VI), copper, nickel, zinc, alachlor, and metolachlor. The same chemicals were tested in 48-h tests with other branchiopods ( the cladocerans Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and in 96-h tests with snails (Physa gyrina and Lymnaea stagnalis). Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for B. lynchi were strongly correlated (r(2) (_) 0.975) with EC50s for the commercially available fairy shrimp species T. platyurus for most chemicals tested. Comparison of EC50s for fairy shrimp and EC50s for invertebrate taxa tested concurrently and with other published toxicity data indicated that fairy shrimp were relatively sensitive to potassium and several trace metals compared with other invertebrate taxa, although cladocerans, amphipods, and mussels had similar broad toxicant sensitivity. Interspecies correlation estimation models for predicting toxicity to fairy shrimp from surrogate species indicated that models with cladocerans and freshwater mussels as surrogates produced the best predictions of the sensitivity of fairy shrimp to contaminants. The results of these studies indicate that fairy shrimp are relatively sensitive to a range of toxicants, but Endangered Species Act-listed fairy shrimp of the genus Branchinecta were not consistently more sensitive than other fairy shrimp taxa. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Ivey, Chris D.; Besser, John M.; Ingersoll, Chris G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rogers, D. Christopher] Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. [Raimondo, Sandy] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Bauer, Candice R.; Hammerk, Edward J.] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ivey, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM civey@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 797 EP 806 DI 10.1002/etc.3723 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700010 PM 28019706 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Mercado-Silva, N Hubert, WA Beard, TD Dave, G Kubecka, J Graeb, BDS Lester, NP Porath, M Winfield, IJ AF Bonar, Scott A. Mercado-Silva, Norman Hubert, Wayne A. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Dave, Goeran Kubecka, Jan Graeb, Brian D. S. Lester, Nigel P. Porath, Mark Winfield, Ian J. TI Standard Methods for Sampling Freshwater Fishes: Opportunities for International Collaboration SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN LAKES; SIZE STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION; UK AB With publication of Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes in 2009, the American Fisheries Society (AFS) recommended standard procedures for North America. To explore interest in standardizing at intercontinental scales, a symposium attended by international specialists in freshwater fish sampling was convened at the 145th Annual AFS Meeting in Portland, Oregon, in August 2015. Participants represented all continents except Australia and Antarctica and were employed by state and federal agencies, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and consulting businesses. Currently, standardization is practiced mostly in North America and Europe. Participants described how standardization has been important for management of long-term data sets, promoting fundamental scientific understanding, and assessing efficacy of large spatial scale management strategies. Academics indicated that standardization has been useful in fisheries education because time previously used to teach how sampling methods are developed is now more devoted to diagnosis and treatment of problem fish communities. Researchers reported that standardization allowed increased sample size for method validation and calibration. Group consensus was to retain continental standards where they currently exist but to further explore international and intercontinental standardization, specifically identifying where synergies and bridges exist, and identify means to collaborate with scientists where standardization is limited but interest and need occur. C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Conservac, Col Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Dave, Goeran] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kubecka, Jan] Biol Ctr Ceske Budejovice, Biol Ctr eske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Graeb, Brian D. S.] South Dakota State Univ, Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD USA. [Lester, Nigel P.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Porath, Mark] Nebraska Game & Pk, Lincoln, NE USA. [Winfield, Ian J.] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lake Ecosyst Grp, Lib Ave, Lancaster, Lancs, England. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2017 VL 42 IS 3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1080/03632415.2017.1276352 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EN1IP UT WOS:000395764000008 ER PT J AU Vincze, O Kosztolanyi, A Barta, Z Kupper, C Alrashidi, M Amat, JA Tico, AA Burns, F Cavitt, J Conway, WC Cruz-Lopez, M Desucre-Medrano, AE dos Remedios, N Figuerola, J Galindo-Espinosa, D Garcia-Pena, GE Del Angel, SG Gratto-Trevor, C Jonsson, P Lloyd, P Montalvo, T Parra, JE Pruner, R Que, PJ Liu, Y Saalfeld, ST Schulz, R Serra, L St Clair, JJH Stenzel, LE Weston, MA Yasue, M Zefania, S Szekely, T AF Vincze, Orsolya Kosztolanyi, Andras Barta, Zoltan Kuepper, Clemens Alrashidi, Monif Amat, Juan A. Tico, Araceli Arguelles Burns, Fiona Cavitt, John Conway, Warren C. Cruz-Lopez, Medardo Eduardo Desucre-Medrano, Atahualpa dos Remedios, Natalie Figuerola, Jordi Galindo-Espinosa, Daniel Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E. Gomez Del Angel, Salvador Gratto-Trevor, Cheri Jonsson, Paul Lloyd, Penn Montalvo, Tomas Parra, Jorge Enrique Pruner, Raya Que, Pinjia Liu, Yang Saalfeld, Sarah T. Schulz, Rainer Serra, Lorenzo St Clair, James J. H. Stenzel, Lynne E. Weston, Michael A. Yasue, Mai Zefania, Sama Szekely, Tamas TI Parental cooperation in a changing climate: fluctuating environments predict shifts in care division SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate; environmental stochasticity; global change; parental care; parental cooperation; seasonal environment ID MATING OPPORTUNITIES; BROOD DESERTION; KENTISH PLOVER; TRADE-OFF; SEX-ROLES; EVOLUTION; INCUBATION; DISPERSAL; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES AB Aim Parental care improves the survival of offspring and therefore has a major impact on reproductive success. It is increasingly recognized that coordinated biparental care is necessary to ensure the survival of offspring in hostile environments, but little is known about the influence of environmental fluctuations on parental cooperation. Assessing the impacts of environmental stochasticity, however, is essential for understanding how populations will respond to climate change and the associated increasing frequencies of extreme weather events. Here we investigate the influence of environmental stochasticity on biparental incubation in a cosmopolitan ground-nesting avian genus. Location Global. Methods We assembled data on biparental care in 36 plover populations (Charadrius spp.) from six continents, collected between 1981 and 2012. Using a space-for-time approach we investigate how average temperature, temperature stochasticity (i.e. year-to-year variation) and seasonal temperature variation during the breeding season influence parental cooperation during incubation. Results We show that both average ambient temperature and its fluctuations influence parental cooperation during incubation. Male care relative to female care increases with both mean ambient temperature and temperature stochasticity. Local climatic conditions explain within-species population differences in parental cooperation, probably reflecting phenotypic plasticity of behaviour. Main conclusions The degree of flexibility in parental cooperation is likely to mediate the impacts of climate change on the demography and reproductive behaviour of wild animal populations. C1 [Vincze, Orsolya; Kosztolanyi, Andras; Barta, Zoltan] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool & Human Biol, MTA Lendulet Behav Ecol Res Grp, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. [Kosztolanyi, Andras] Univ Babes Bolyai, Hungarian Dept Biol & Ecol, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania. [Kosztolanyi, Andras] Univ Vet Med Budapest, Dept Ecol, H-1077 Budapest, Hungary. [Kuepper, Clemens] Graz Univ, Inst Zool, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Alrashidi, Monif] Univ Hail, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Hail, Saudi Arabia. [Amat, Juan A.; Figuerola, Jordi] Estac Biol Donana EBD CSIC, Calle Americo Vespucio S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. [Tico, Araceli Arguelles; Szekely, Tamas] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Biodivers Lab, Bath BA1 7AY, Avon, England. [Burns, Fiona] RSPB Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Cavitt, John] Weber State Univ, Avian Ecol Lab, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [Conway, Warren C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cruz-Lopez, Medardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrado Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Eduardo Desucre-Medrano, Atahualpa; Gomez Del Angel, Salvador] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Zool Lab, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54000, Mexico. [dos Remedios, Natalie] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Galindo-Espinosa, Daniel] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Baja California Sur 23096, Mexico. [Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E.] CESAB, F-13857 Aix En Provence 3, France. [Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Prairie & Northern Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Jonsson, Paul] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Montalvo, Tomas] Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Serv Vigilancia & Control Plagues Urbanes, Barcelona 08012, Spain. [Pruner, Raya] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Que, Pinjia] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Coll Ecol & Evolut, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Saalfeld, Sarah T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Schulz, Rainer] Schutzstat Wattenmeer Natl Pk, D-25813 Husum, Germany. [Serra, Lorenzo] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. [St Clair, James J. H.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Stenzel, Lynne E.] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Weston, Michael A.] Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic, Australia. [Weston, Michael A.] Deakin Univ, Fac Sci Engn & Built Environm, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Yasue, Mai] Quest Univ Canada, Squamish 3200, Squamish, BC, Canada. [Zefania, Sama] Univ Toliara, Dept Biol, Toliara, Madagascar. RP Vincze, O (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool & Human Biol, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. EM orsolya.vincze@vocs.unideb.hu FU Hungarian Eotvos Scholarship [MAEO2016_15/76740]; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility [MGF184, NBAF933, NBAF547]; NKFIH [K112527, K112670, K116310] FX This work was supported by the Hungarian Eotvos Scholarship (MAEO2016_15/76740 to O.V.), Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (to A.K.), by the NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility (MGF184, NBAF933, NBAF547) and NKFIH grants (K112527, K112670, K116310). Funding of laboratory and fieldwork, as well as permits, are detailed in the Supporting Information (Acknowledgements S1). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 26 IS 3 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1111/geb.12540 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA EL8ZP UT WOS:000394909200007 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Gangopadhyay, S Pruitt, T AF Tillman, Fred D. Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu Pruitt, Tom TI Understanding the past to interpret the future: comparison of simulated groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin (USA) using observed and general-circulation-model historical climate data SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Climate change; Groundwater management; USA ID CHANGE IMPACTS; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; UNITED-STATES; AUSTRALIA; SENSITIVITY; STREAMFLOW; CATCHMENT; BASEFLOW; SURFACE AB In evaluating potential impacts of climate change on water resources, water managers seek to understand how future conditions may differ from the recent past. Studies of climate impacts on groundwater recharge often compare simulated recharge from future and historical time periods on an average monthly or overall average annual basis, or compare average recharge from future decades to that from a single recent decade. Baseline historical recharge estimates, which are compared with future conditions, are often from simulations using observed historical climate data. Comparison of average monthly results, average annual results, or even averaging over selected historical decades, may mask the true variability in historical results and lead to misinterpretation of future conditions. Comparison of future recharge results simulated using general circulation model (GCM) climate data to recharge results simulated using actual historical climate data may also result in an incomplete understanding of the likelihood of future changes. In this study, groundwater recharge is estimated in the upper Colorado River basin, USA, using a distributed-parameter soil-water balance groundwater recharge model for the period 1951-2010. Recharge simulations are performed using precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature data from observed climate data and from 97 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5) projections. Results indicate that average monthly and average annual simulated recharge are similar using observed and GCM climate data. However, 10-year moving-average recharge results show substantial differences between observed and simulated climate data, particularly during period 1970-2000, with much greater variability seen for results using observed climate data. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu; Pruitt, Tom] Tech Serv Ctr, Water Resources Planning & Operat Support Grp, Reclamat, Denver, CO USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program; USGS Groundwater Resources Program FX Investigation of groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin under climate change was supported by the Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 of the ESM) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1481-0 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300006 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE AF Sanford, Ward E. TI Estimating regional-scale permeability-depth relations in a fractured-rock terrain using groundwater-flow model calibration SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fractured rock; Modeling; Permeability; Groundwater flow; USA ID CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CRYSTALLINE; SYSTEMS AB The trend of decreasing permeability with depth was estimated in the fractured-rock terrain of the upper Potomac River basin in the eastern USA using model calibration on 200 water-level observations in wells and 12 base-flow observations in subwatersheds. Results indicate that permeability at the 1-10 km scale (for groundwater flowpaths) decreases by several orders of magnitude within the top 100 m of land surface. This depth range represents the transition from the weathered, fractured regolith into unweathered bedrock. This rate of decline is substantially greater than has been observed by previous investigators that have plotted in situ wellbore measurements versus depth. The difference is that regional water levels give information on kilometer-scale connectivity of the regolith and adjacent fracture networks, whereas in situ measurements give information on near-hole fractures and fracture networks. The approach taken was to calibrate model layer-to-layer ratios of hydraulic conductivity (LLKs) for each major rock type. Most rock types gave optimal LLK values of 40-60, where each layer was twice a thick as the one overlying it. Previous estimates of permeability with depth from deeper data showed less of a decline at < 300 m than the regional modeling results. There was less certainty in the modeling results deeper than 200 m and for certain rock types where fewer water-level observations were available. The results have implications for improved understanding of watershed-scale groundwater flow and transport, such as for the timing of the migration of pollutants from the water table to streams. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1483-y PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300010 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Creasey, KM Perkins, KS Mirus, BB AF Nimmo, John R. Creasey, Kaitlyn M. Perkins, Kim S. Mirus, Benjamin B. TI Preferential flow, diffuse flow, and perching in an interbedded fractured-rock unsaturated zone SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Unsaturated zone; Preferential flow; Perched water; Fractured basalt; Impeding layers ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-FLOW; TRANSPORT; MODEL; TRACER; MOUNTAIN AB Layers of strong geologic contrast within the unsaturated zone can control recharge and contaminant transport to underlying aquifers. Slow diffuse flow in certain geologic layers, and rapid preferential flow in others, complicates the prediction of vertical and lateral fluxes. A simple model is presented, designed to use limited geological site information to predict these critical subsurface processes in response to a sustained infiltration source. The model is developed and tested using site-specific information from the Idaho National Laboratory in the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP), USA, where there are natural and anthropogenic sources of high-volume infiltration from floods, spills, leaks, wastewater disposal, retention ponds, and hydrologic field experiments. The thick unsaturated zone overlying the ESRP aquifer is a good example of a sharply stratified unsaturated zone. Sedimentary interbeds are interspersed between massive and fractured basalt units. The combination of surficial sediments, basalts, and interbeds determines the water fluxes through the variably saturated subsurface. Interbeds are generally less conductive, sometimes causing perched water to collect above them. The model successfully predicts the volume and extent of perching and approximates vertical travel times during events that generate high fluxes from the land surface. These developments are applicable to sites having a thick, geologically complex unsaturated zone of substantial thickness in which preferential and diffuse flow, and perching of percolated water, are important to contaminant transport or aquifer recharge. C1 [Nimmo, John R.; Creasey, Kaitlyn M.; Perkins, Kim S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mirus, Benjamin B.] US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St,MS 966, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov FU USGS INL Project Office FX This work was funded in part by the USGS INL Project Office. The authors are grateful to those who provided data and background information, including especially Jeff Forbes of the Idaho Cleanup Project and Tom Wood of the University of Idaho. Annette Schafer, of Battelle Energy Alliance, and several other reviewers and editors improved the quality of this paper. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 421 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1496-6 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300011 ER PT J AU Beisner, KR Paretti, NV Tillman, FD Naftz, DL Bills, DJ Walton-Day, K Gallegos, TJ AF Beisner, Kimberly R. Paretti, Nicholas V. Tillman, Fred D. Naftz, David L. Bills, Donald J. Walton-Day, Katie Gallegos, Tanya J. TI Geochemistry and hydrology of perched groundwater springs: assessing elevated uranium concentrations at Pigeon Spring relative to nearby Pigeon Mine, Arizona (USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mining; Hydrochemistry; USA; Groundwater age; Radioactive isotopes ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; WATERS; FRACTIONATION; U-234/U-238; WISCONSIN; AQUIFER; MODEL AB The processes that affect water chemistry as the water flows from recharge areas through breccia-pipe uranium deposits in the Grand Canyon region of the southwestern United States are not well understood. Pigeon Spring had elevated uranium in 1982 (44 mu g/L), compared to other perched springs (2.7-18 mu g/L), prior to mining operations at the nearby Pigeon Mine. Perched groundwater springs in an area around the Pigeon Mine were sampled between 2009 and 2015 and compared with material from the Pigeon Mine to better understand the geochemistry and hydrology of the area. Two general groups of perched groundwater springs were identified from this study; one group is characterized by calcium sulfate type water, low uranium activity ratio U-234/U-238 (UAR) values, and a mixture of water with some component of modern water, and the other group by calcium-magnesium sulfate type water, higher UAR values, and radiocarbon ages indicating recharge on the order of several thousand years ago. Multivariate statistical principal components analysis of Pigeon Mine and spring samples indicate Cu, Pb, As, Mn, and Cd concentrations distinguished mining-related leachates from perched groundwater springs. The groundwater potentiometric surface indicates that perched groundwater at Pigeon Mine would likely flow toward the northwest away from Pigeon Spring. The geochemical analysis of the water, sediment and rock samples collected from the Snake Gulch area indicate that the elevated uranium at Pigeon Spring is likely related to a natural source of uranium upgradient from the spring and not likely related to the Pigeon Mine. C1 [Beisner, Kimberly R.; Paretti, Nicholas V.; Tillman, Fred D.] US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Bills, Donald J.] US Geol Survey, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Walton-Day, Katie] US Geol Survey, W 6th Ave & Kipling St, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Gallegos, Tanya J.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Beisner, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kbeisner@usgs.gov FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Bureau of Land Management FX The geochemical and hydrologic investigation presented in this paper was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the Bureau of Land Management. USGS employees Jessica Anderson, Jamie Macy, Kurt Schonauer, Joel Unema, Corey Sannes, and Geoff Debenedetto from the Arizona Water Science Center were critical in helping collect the spring samples from often remote locations. David Parkhurst (USGS) provided technical direction and support. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their contribution. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 539 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300017 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Walsh, HL Braham, RP Hahn, CM Mazik, P McIntyre, PB AF Blazer, V. S. Walsh, H. L. Braham, R. P. Hahn, C. M. Mazik, P. McIntyre, P. B. TI Tumours in white suckers from Lake Michigan tributaries: pathology and prevalence SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE environmental health; liver neoplasms; skin neoplasms; tumours; White sucker ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; GREAT-LAKES; BROWN BULLHEAD; RAINBOW-TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION AB The prevalence and histopathology of neoplastic lesions were assessed in white sucker Catostomus commersonii captured at two Lake Michigan Areas of Concern (AOCs), the Sheboygan River and Milwaukee Estuary. Findings were compared to those observed at two non-AOC sites, the Root and Kewaunee rivers. At each site, approximately 200 adult suckers were collected during their spawning migration. Raised skin lesions were observed at all sites and included discrete white spots, mucoid plaques on the body surface and fins and large papillomatous lesions on lips and body. Microscopically, hyperplasia, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma were documented. Liver neoplasms were also observed at all sites and included both hepatocellular and biliary tumours. Based on land use, the Kewaunee River was the site least impacted by human activities previously associated with fish tumours and had significantly fewer liver neoplasms when compared to the other sites. The proportion of white suckers with liver tumours followed the same patterns as the proportion of urban land use in the watershed: the Milwaukee Estuary had the highest prevalence, followed by the Root, Sheboygan and Kewaunee rivers. The overall skin neoplasm (papilloma and carcinoma) prevalence did not follow the same pattern, although the percentage of white suckers with squamous cell carcinoma exhibited a similar relationship to land use. Testicular tumours (seminoma) were observed at both AOC sites but not at the non-AOC sites. Both skin and liver tumours were significantly and positively associated with age but not sex. C1 [Blazer, V. S.; Braham, R. P.; Hahn, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Walsh, H. L.] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV USA. [Mazik, P.] West Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV USA. [McIntyre, P. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR); Environmental Health (Contaminants Biology); Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit programmes of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), the Environmental Health (Contaminants Biology) and the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit programmes of the U.S. Geological Survey. Personnel from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and WDNR collected fish and assisted with necropsies. We appreciate the technical support of Kathy Spring, Darlene Bowling and Adam Sperry in processing tissues for histopathological evaluation. Dr. John Fournie (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida) reviewed approximately 10% of the neoplastic lesions for quality assurance. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 40 IS 3 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1111/jfd.12520 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA EL7ZT UT WOS:000394840500008 PM 27553424 ER PT J AU Moore, SA Jamieson, EC Rainville, F Rennie, CD Mueller, DS AF Moore, Stephanie A. Jamieson, Elizabeth C. Rainville, Francois Rennie, Colin D. Mueller, David S. TI Monte Carlo Approach for Uncertainty Analysis of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Discharge Measurement by Moving Boat SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP); Uncertainty; Monte Carlo; Probabilistic; Stream gauging procedures ID ADCP VELOCITY; FRAMEWORK; VARIANCE AB This paper presents a method using Monte Carlo simulations for assessing uncertainty of moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements using a software tool known as QUant, which was developed for this purpose. Analysis was performed on 10 data sets from four Water Survey of Canada gauging stations in order to evaluate the relative contribution of a range of error sources to the total estimated uncertainty. The factors that differed among data sets included the fraction of unmeasured discharge relative to the total discharge, flow nonuniformity, and operator decisions about instrument programming and measurement cross section. As anticipated, it was found that the estimated uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty of the discharge in the unmeasured areas, highlighting the importance of appropriate selection of the site, the instrument, and the user inputs required to estimate the unmeasured discharge. The main contributor to uncertainty was invalid data, but spatial inhomogeneity in water velocity and bottom-track velocity also contributed, as did variation in the edge velocity, uncertainty in the edge distances, edge coefficients, and the top and bottom extrapolation methods. To a lesser extent, spatial inhomogeneity in the bottom depth also contributed to the total uncertainty, as did uncertainty in the ADCP draft at shallow sites. The estimated uncertainties from QUant can be used to assess the adequacy of standard operating procedures. They also provide quantitative feedback to the ADCP operators about the quality of their measurements, indicating which parameters are contributing most to uncertainty, and perhaps even highlighting ways in which uncertainty can be reduced. Additionally, QUant can be used to account for self-dependent error sources such as heading errors, which are a function of heading. The results demonstrate the importance of a Monte Carlo method tool such as QUant for quantifying random and bias errors when evaluating the uncertainty of moving-boat ADCP measurements. C1 [Moore, Stephanie A.; Jamieson, Elizabeth C.; Rainville, Francois] Water Survey Canada, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 373 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Rennie, Colin D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Mueller, David S.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Moore, SA (reprint author), Water Survey Canada, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 373 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM stephanie.moore2@canada.ca OI moore, stephanie/0000-0002-0823-6515 FU Environment and Climate Change Canada FX This study was financed in part by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The work was performed while the first author was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Ottawa. The authors would like to thank the Water Survey of Canada's hydrometric technologists Colin Angus, Karen Hardy, Donald Hood, and Daniel Selinger who acquired the data that were analyzed in this study. The authors would also like to thank our collaborators at the United States Geological Survey-Office of Surface Water and at the Argentinian Centro de Estudios y Tecnologia del Agua for ongoing discussions and collaborations. Lastly, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their constructive feedback. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2017 VL 143 IS 3 AR 04016088 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001249 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EM7YU UT WOS:000395529100004 ER PT J AU Opsahl, SP Musgrove, M Slattery, RN AF Opsahl, S. P. Musgrove, M. Slattery, R. N. TI New insights into nitrate dynamics in a karst groundwater system gained from in situ high-frequency optical sensor measurements SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Optical sensor; Karst; Groundwater; Edwards aquifer ID UNITED-STATES; AQUIFER; DATABASE; RIVER AB Understanding nitrate dynamics in groundwater systems as a function of climatic conditions, especially during contrasting patterns of drought and wet cycles, is limited by a lack of temporal and spatial data. Nitrate sensors have the capability for making accurate, high-frequency measurements of nitrate in situ, but have not yet been evaluated for long-term use in groundwater wells. We measured in situ nitrate continuously in two groundwater monitoring wells one rural and one urban located in the recharge zone of a productive karst aquifer in central Texas in order to resolve changes that occur over both short-term (hourly to daily) and long-term (monthly to yearly) periods. Nitrate concentrations, measured as nitrate-nitrogen in milligrams per liter (mg/L), during drought conditions showed little or no temporal change as groundwater levels declined. During aquifer recharge, extremely rapid changes in concentration occurred at both wells as documented by hourly data. At both sites, nitrate concentrations were affected by recharging surface water as evidenced by nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge (0.8-1.3 mg/L) that were similar to previously reported values for regional recharging streams. Groundwater nitrate concentrations responded differently at urban and rural sites during groundwater recharge. Concentrations at the rural well (approximately 1.0 mg/L) increased as a result of higher nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge relative to ambient nitrate concentrations in groundwater, whereas concentrations at the urban well (approximately 2.7 mg/L) decreased as a result of the dilution of higher ambient nitrate concentrations relative to those in groundwater recharge. Notably, nitrate concentrations decreased to as low as 0.8 mg/L at the urban site during recharge but postrecharge concentrations exceeded 3.0 mg/L. A return to higher nitrate concentrations postrecharge indicates mobilization of a localized source of elevated nitrate within the urbanized area of the aquifer. Changes in specific conductance were observed at both sites during groundwater recharge, and a significant correlation between specific conductance and nitrate (correlation coefficient [R] - 0.455) was evident at the urban site where large (3-fold) changes in nitrate occurred. Nitrate concentrations and specific conductance measured during a depth profile indicated that the water column was generally homogeneous as expected for this karst environment, but changes were observed in the most productive zone of the aquifer that might indicate some heterogeneity within the complex network of flow paths. Resolving the timing and magnitude of changes and characterizing fine-scale vertical differences would not be possible using conventional sampling techniques. The patterns observed in situ provided new insight into the dynamic nature of nitrate in a karst groundwater system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Opsahl, S. P.; Slattery, R. N.] US Geol Survey, 5563 De Zavala,Ste 290, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Musgrove, M.] US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Opsahl, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5563 De Zavala,Ste 290, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM sopsahl@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 546 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2016.12.038 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EM9CC UT WOS:000395607700017 ER PT J AU Rosecrans, CZ Nolan, BT Gronberg, JM AF Rosecrans, Celia Z. Nolan, Bernard T. Gronberg, Joann M. TI Prediction and visualization of redox conditions in the groundwater of Central Valley, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Machine learning; Boosted regression trees; Groundwater; Redox conditions; Probability grids; Cross-validation ID DRINKING-WATER WELLS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; USA; DENITRIFICATION; REDUCTION; AQUIFER; SYSTEMS AB Regional-scale, three-dimensional continuous probability models, were constructed for aspects of redox conditions in the groundwater system of the Central Valley, California. These models yield grids depicting the probability that groundwater in a particular location will have dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations less than selected threshold values representing anoxic groundwater conditions, or will have dissolved manganese (Mn) concentrations greater than selected threshold values representing secondary drinking water-quality contaminant levels (SMCL) and health-based screening levels (HBSL). The probability models were constrained by the alluvial boundary of the Central Valley to a depth of approximately 300 m. Probability distribution grids can be extracted from the 3-D models at any desired depth, and are of interest to water-resource managers, water-quality researchers, and groundwater modelers concerned with the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic contaminants related to anoxic conditions. Models were constructed using a Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) machine learning technique that produces many trees as part of an additive model and has the ability to handle many variables, automatically incorporate interactions, and is resistant to collinearity. Machine learning methods for statistical prediction are becoming increasing popular in that they do not require assumptions associated with traditional hypothesis testing. Models were constructed using measured dissolved oxygen and manganese concentrations sampled from 2767 wells within the alluvial boundary of the Central Valley, and over 60 explanatory variables representing regional-scale soil properties, soil chemistry, land use, aquifer textures, and aquifer hydrologic properties. Models were trained on a USGS dataset of 932 wells, and evaluated on an independent hold-out dataset of 1835 wells from the California Division of Drinking Water. We used cross-validation to assess the predictive performance of models of varying complexity, as a basis for selecting final models. Trained models were applied to cross-validation testing data and a separate hold-out dataset to evaluate model predictive performance by emphasizing three model metrics of fit: Kappa; accuracy; and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). The final trained models were used for mapping predictions at discrete depths to a depth of 304.8 m. Trained DO and Mn models had accuracies of 86-100%, Kappa values of 0.69-0.99, and ROC values of 0.92-1.0. Model accuracies for cross-validation testing datasets were 82-95% and ROC values were 0.87-0.91, indicating good predictive performance. Kappas for the cross-validation testing dataset were 0.30-0.69, indicating fair to substantial agreement between testing observations and model predictions. Hold-out data were available for the manganese model only and indicated accuracies of 89-97%, ROC values of 0.73-0.75, and Kappa values of 0.06-0.30. The predictive performance of both the DO and Mn models was reasonable, considering all three of these fit metrics and the low percentages of low-DO and high-Mn events in the data. C1 [Rosecrans, Celia Z.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95822 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gronberg, Joann M.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rosecrans, CZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95822 USA. EM crosecrans@usgs.gov FU U.S Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment project FX We thank Claudia Faunt for providing data and advice with respect to the Central Valley Hydrologic Model and Central Valley Textural Model that were used as input into the BRT models. We thank Neil Dubrovsky and Miranda Fram for their guidance and advice on the development of the conceptual framework of the BRT models. We thank Becky Bodger with GeoSoft for her invaluable help with the 3-D visualization of prediction grids developed in this work. We thank the U.S Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment project for funding this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 546 BP 341 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.014 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EM9CC UT WOS:000395607700029 ER PT J AU Lee, J Malmberg, JL Wood, BA Hladky, S Troyer, R Roelke, M Cunningham, M McBride, R Vickers, W Boyce, W Boydston, E Serieys, L Riley, S Crooks, K VandeWoude, S AF Lee, Justin Malmberg, Jennifer L. Wood, Britta A. Hladky, Sahaja Troyer, Ryan Roelke, Melody Cunningham, Mark McBride, Roy Vickers, Winston Boyce, Walter Boydston, Erin Serieys, Laurel Riley, Seth Crooks, Kevin VandeWoude, Sue TI Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Cross-Species Transmission: Implications for Emergence of New Lentiviral Infections SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bobcat; cross-species transmission; feline; feline immunodeficiency virus; mountain lion; retroviruses ID BOBCATS LYNX-RUFUS; DOMESTIC CATS; PUMA-CONCOLOR; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; RESTRICTION FACTORS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FLORIDA PANTHERS; VIRAL EVOLUTION; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HOST SHIFTS AB Owing to a complex history of host-parasite coevolution, lentiviruses exhibit a high degree of species specificity. Given the well-documented viral archeology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emergence following human exposures to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an understanding of processes that promote successful cross-species lentiviral transmissions is highly relevant. We previously reported natural cross-species transmission of a subtype of feline immunodeficiency virus, puma lentivirus A (PLVA), between bobcats (Lynx rufus) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) for a small number of animals in California and Florida. In this study, we investigate host-specific selection pressures, within-host viral fitness, and inter-versus intraspecies transmission patterns among a larger collection of PLV isolates from free-ranging bobcats and mountain lions. Analyses of proviral and viral RNA levels demonstrate that PLVA fitness is severely restricted in mountain lions compared to that in bobcats. We document evidence of diversifying selection in three of six PLVA genomes from mountain lions, but we did not detect selection among 20 PLVA isolates from bobcats. These findings support the hypothesis that PLVA is a bobcat-adapted virus which is less fit in mountain lions and under intense selection pressure in the novel host. Ancestral reconstruction of transmission events reveals that intraspecific PLVA transmission has occurred among panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in Florida following the initial cross-species infection from bobcats. In contrast, interspecific transmission from bobcats to mountain lions predominates in California. These findings document outcomes of cross-species lentiviral transmission events among felids that compare to the emergence of HIV from nonhuman primates. IMPORTANCE Cross-species transmission episodes can be singular, dead-end events or can result in viral replication and spread in the new species. The factors that determine which outcome will occur are complex, and the risk of new virus emergence is therefore difficult to predict. We used molecular techniques to evaluate the transmission, fitness, and adaptation of puma lentivirus A (PLVA) between bobcats and mountain lions in two geographic regions. Our findings illustrate that mountain lion exposure to PLVA is relatively common but does not routinely result in communicable infections in the new host. This is attributed to efficient species barriers that largely prevent lentiviral adaptation. However, the evolutionary capacity for lentiviruses to adapt to novel environments may ultimately overcome host restriction mechanisms over time and under certain ecological circumstances. This phenomenon provides a unique opportunity to examine cross-species transmission events leading to new lentiviral emergence. C1 [Lee, Justin; Malmberg, Jennifer L.; Hladky, Sahaja; Troyer, Ryan; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wood, Britta A.] Pirbright Inst, Pirbright, Surrey, England. [Troyer, Ryan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roelke, Melody] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Cunningham, Mark] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL USA. [McBride, Roy] Ranchers Supply Inc, Alpine, TX USA. [Vickers, Winston] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boyce, Walter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boydston, Erin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Serieys, Laurel] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Cape Town, South Africa. [Serieys, Laurel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Riley, Seth] Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Crooks, Kevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP VandeWoude, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sue.vandewoude@colostate.edu FU NSF-EID award [0723676, 1413925]; Morris Animal Foundation [D10ZO-415]; Merial Veterinary Summer Student Fellowship award; NHLBI, NIH [5R01HL092791] FX This work was supported by NSF-EID awards 0723676 and 1413925, Morris Animal Foundation award D10ZO-415, the Merial Veterinary Summer Student Fellowship award, and NHLBI, NIH, award 5R01HL092791. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 91 IS 5 AR UNSP e02134-16 DI 10.1128/JVI.02134-16 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA EL1BV UT WOS:000394356400023 ER PT J AU Neighbors, C Cochran, ES Ryan, KJ Kaiser, AE AF Neighbors, Corrie Cochran, E. S. Ryan, K. J. Kaiser, A. E. TI Solving for Source Parameters Using Nested Array Data: A Case Study from the Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Canterbury earthquake sequence; strong ground motion; quake-catcher network; MEMs accelerometers; nested array; Gauss-Newton method; Brune model; spectral acceleration; stress drop ID QUAKE-CATCHER NETWORK; 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE; GREENS-FUNCTION ANALYSIS; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; M-W; GAUSS-NEWTON; SPECTRAL DECAY; SITE RESPONSE; ATTENUATION; STRESS AB The seismic spectrum can be constructed by assuming a Brune spectral model and estimating the parameters of seismic moment (M-0), corner frequency ( f(c)), and high-frequency site attenuation (k). Using seismic data collected during the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquake sequence, we apply the non-linear least-squares Gauss-Newton method, a deterministic downhill optimization technique, to simultaneously determine the M-0, f(c), and k for each event-station pair. We fit the Brune spectral acceleration model to Fourier-transformed S-wave records following application of path and site corrections to the data. For each event, we solve for a single M-0 and f(c), while any remaining residual kappa, k(r), is allowed to differ per station record to reflect varying high-frequency falloff due to path and site attenuation. We use a parametric forward modeling method, calculating initial M-0 and fc values from the local GNS New Zealand catalog M-w, (GNS) magnitudes and measuring an initial k(r) using an automated highfrequency linear regression method. Final solutions for M-0, f(c), and k(r) are iteratively computed through minimization of the residual function, and the Brune model stress drop is then calculated from the final, best-fit f(c). We perform the spectral fitting routine on nested array seismic data that include the permanent GeoNet accelerometer network as well as a dense network of nearly 200 Quake Catcher Network (QCN) MEMs accelerometers, analyzing over 180 aftershocks M-w, (GNS) >= 3.5 that occurred from 9 September 2010 to 31 July 2011. QCN stations were hosted by public volunteers and served to fill spatial gaps between existing GeoNet stations. Moment magnitudes determined using the spectral fitting procedure (Mw, SF) range from 3.5 to 5.7 and agree well with Mw, GNS, with a median difference of 0.09 and 0.17 for GeoNet and QCN records, respectively, and 0.11 when data from both networks are combined. The majority of events are calculated to have stress drops between 1.7 and 13 MPa (20th and 80th percentile, correspondingly) for the combined networks. The overall median stress drop for the combined networks is 3.2 MPa, which is similar to median stress drops previously reported for the Canterbury sequence. We do not observe a correlation between stress drop and depth for this region, nor a relationship between stress drop and magnitude over the catalog considered. Lateral spatial patterns in stress drop, such as a cluster of aftershocks near the eastern extent of the Greendale fault with higher stress drops and lower stress drops for aftershocks of the 2011 Mw, GNS 6.2 Christchurch mainshock, are found to be in agreement with previous reports. As stress drop is arguably a method-dependent calculation and subject to high spatial variability, our results using the parametric Gauss-Newton algorithm strengthen conclusions that the Canterbury sequence has stress drops that are more similar to those found in intraplate regions, with overall higher stress drops that are typically observed in tectonically active areas. C1 [Neighbors, Corrie] Univ Calif, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Neighbors, Corrie] Western New Mexico Univ, Silver City, NM 88061 USA. [Cochran, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Ryan, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaiser, A. E.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Neighbors, C (reprint author), Univ Calif, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.; Neighbors, C (reprint author), Western New Mexico Univ, Silver City, NM 88061 USA. EM corrie.neighbors@wnmu.edu FU New Zealand Natural Hazards Platform FX We would like to thank all the volunteers who hosted sensors, without whom this research would not be possible. Additionally, we thank QCN team members, particularly Angela Chung and Carl Christensen, and the GNS team including students from Victoria University of Wellington for the quick deployment of the sensors and data capture. University of California, Riverside undergraduate student Eric Liao provided tremendous help in initial acquisition and visual inspection of the QCN data. Geologic data for New Zealand were graciously provided by David Heron from the GNS QMap group. We acknowledge the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors EQC, GNS Science and LINZ, for providing seismic data used in this study and also the support of the New Zealand Natural Hazards Platform. We thank Stephane Drouet, Dino Bindi, Adrien Oth, Sue Hough and Annemarie Baltay for constructive comments that improved the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 875 EP 893 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1445-2 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700009 ER PT J AU Ryan, KJ Oglesby, DD AF Ryan, Kenny J. Oglesby, David D. TI Modeling the Effects of a Normal-Stress-Dependent State Variable, Within the Rate-and State-Dependent Friction Framework, at Stepovers and Dip-Slip Faults SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Earthquake dynamics; computational seismology; stepover; rate-state friction; rate-strengthening; dip-slip ID DYNAMIC RUPTURE; SHEAR CRACKS; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DIPPING FAULTS; GROUND MOTION; ROCK FRICTION; EARTHQUAKES; VELOCITY; LAWS; ZONE AB The development of the rate-and state-dependent friction framework (Dieterich Appl Geophys 116: 790-806, 1978; J Geophys Res 84, 2161-2168, 1979; Ruina Friction laws and instabilities: a quasistatic analysis of some dry friction behavior, Ph. D. Thesis, Brown Univ., Providence, R. I., 1980; J Geophys Res 88: 10359-10370, 1983) includes the dependence of friction coefficient on normal stress (Linker and Dieterich J Geophys Res 97: 4923-4940, 1992); however, a direct dependence of the friction law on time-varying normal stress in dynamic stepover and dip-slip fault models has not yet been extensively explored. Using rate-and state-dependent friction laws and a 2-D dynamic finite element code (Barall J Int 178, 845-859, 2009), we investigate the effect of the Linker-Dieterich dependence of state variable on normal stress at stepovers and dip-slip faults, where normal stress should not be constant with time (e. g., Harris and Day J Geophys Res 98: 4461-4472, 1993; Nielsen Geophys Res Lett 25: 125-128, 1998). Specifically, we use the relation d psi/dt = -(alpha/sigma)(d sigma/ dt) from Linker and Dieterich (J Geophys Res 97: 4923-4940, 1992), in which a change in normal stress leads to a change in state variable of the opposite sign. We investigate a range of values for alpha, which scales the impact of the normal stress change on state, from 0 to 0.5 (laboratory values range from 0.2 to 0.56). For stepovers, we find that adding normal-stress dependence to the state variable delays or stops re-nucleation on the secondary fault segment when compared to normal-stress-independent state evolution. This inhibition of jumping rupture is due to the fact that re-nucleation along the secondary segment occurs in areas of decreased normal stress in both compressional and dilational stepovers. However, the magnitude of such an effect differs between dilational and compressional systems. Additionally, it is well known that the asymmetric geometry of reverse and normal faults can lead to greater slip and a greater peak slip rate on reverse faults than on normal faults, given the same initial conditions for each (Nielsen Geophys Res Lett 25: 125-128, 1998; Oglesby et al. Science 280: 1055-1059, 1998; Oglesby and Archuleta J Geophys Res 105: 13643-13653, 2000; Oglesby et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 90: 616-628, 2000). For dip-slip models, we find that adding the Linker-Dieterich normal stress dependence to the state variable serves to mitigate differences in peak slip rate between reverse and normal fault models. However, differences in total slip among reverse and normal fault models remain relatively unchanged. We also examine effects from initial shear stress (loading stress) and effects from incorporating a rate-strengthening zone on the uppermost portion of a reverse and a normal fault. C1 [Ryan, Kenny J.; Oglesby, David D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ryan, Kenny J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ryan, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.; Ryan, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kryan003@ucr.edu FU NSF Grant [EAR-0838464] FX The FEM earthquake rupture code (FaultMod) used in this study is documented at http://scecdata.usc.edu/cvws/download/codedesc/Barall_FaultMod_Desc.pdf. We are greatly appreciative to Michael Barall for his expertise and for his guidance in the use of the FEM code FaultMod. We thank Elizabeth Cochran and Jim Dieterich for their thoughtful discussions and helpful comments that greatly improved this study. We also thank Fabian Bonilla and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful critiques and comments that furthered this study. This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0838464. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1361 EP 1383 DI 10.1007/s00024-017-1469-2 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700041 ER PT J AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. TI Extreme Ocean Waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1519 EP 1519 DI 10.1007/s00024-017-1486-1 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700054 ER PT J AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. TI Physics of Tsunamis SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1521 EP 1521 DI 10.1007/s00024-017-1488-z PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700055 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AE Tuh, F Martins, TE AF Mitchell, Adam E. Tuh, Fred Martins, Thomas E. TI BREEDING BIOLOGY OF AN ENDEMIC BORNEAN TURDID, THE FRUITHUNTER (CHLAMYDOCHAERA JEFFERYI), AND LIFE HISTORY COMPARISONS WITH TURDUS SPECIES OF THE WORLD SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian life histories; bird nests; Fruithunter; Turdidae ID ADULT MORTALITY PROBABILITY; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT RATES; NEST PREDATION RATES; TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES; TROPICAL BIRDS; GROWTH-RATES; CLUTCH-SIZE; EVOLUTION; SONGBIRDS; SELECTION AB We present the first description of the breeding biology for the Fruithunter (Chlamydochaera jefferyi), a member of the cosmopolitan family Turdidae, and a montane endemic to the tropical Asian island of Borneo. We also compile breeding biology traits from the literature to make comparisons between the Fruithunter and the thrush genus Turdus. Our comparisons indicate that Fruithunters exhibit a slower life history strategy than both tropical and north temperate Turdus. We located and monitored 42 nests in 7 years in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. The mean clutch size was 1.89 +/- 0.008 eggs, and the modal clutch size was 2 eggs. Mean' fresh egg mass was 6.15 +/- 0.13 g, representing 9.5% of adult female body mass. Average lengths of incubation and nestling periods were 14.56 +/- 0.24 and 17.83 +/- 0.31 days respectively. Only the female incubated and brooded the eggs and nestlings, but both the male and female fed nestlings. Female attentiveness during incubation was high throughout, reaching an asymptote around 85% with average on-bouts of 39.0 +/- 2.5 mins. The daily nest survival probability was 0.951 +/- 0.025, and the daily predation rate was 0.045 +/- 0.024. Female feeding rate increased as brooding effort decreased, suggesting that female feeding rate may be constrained by the need to provide heat while nestlings are unable to thermoregulate. This contrasts with the feeding behavior of males, which showed much less of an increase across the nestling period. Furthermore, we describe a new vocalization which expands the vocal repertoire for Fruithunters, and we provide a brief audio clip and spectrogram. C1 [Mitchell, Adam E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Tuh, Fred] Sabah Pk,POB 10626, Kota Kinabalu 88806, Saga, Malaysia. [Martins, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Mitchell, AE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM adamemitchell@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1241041]; University of Montana IACUC project [059-10TMMCWRU] FX Cole Wolf and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. We thank all the field assistants that helped collect field data. We also thank the Martin lab for help with development and refinement of the manuscript, as well as the undergraduate video lab for analysis of parental behavior. The audio recording was provided by J. C. Oteyza, and we would like to thank Alexis Billings and Dr. Erick Greene for assistance with the audio spectogram. Sara Williams provided both statistical and moral support. We also thank Sabah Parks and the Sabah Biodiversity Council for support with permits and additional assistance in Kinabalu Park. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1241041), and was conducted under auspices of University of Montana IACUC project #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 129 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DY UT WOS:000396646200004 ER PT J AU Simes, M Johnson, D Streit, J Longshore, K Nussear, KE Esque, TC AF Simes, Matthew Johnson, Diego Streit, Justin Longshore, Kathleen Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. TI Common Raven (Corvus corax) Kleptoparasitism at a Golden Eagle (Aquila chyrsaetos) Nest in Southern Nevada SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common Raven; Golden Eagle; kleptoparasitism; Mojave Desert; Nevada ID GYPAETUS-BARBATUS; MOJAVE DESERT; TRAIL CAMERAS; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB The Common Raven (Corvus corax) is a ubiquitous species in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada and California. From 5 to 24 May 2014, using remote trail cameras, we observed ravens repeatedly kleptoparasitizing food resources from the nest of a pair of Golden Eagles (Aquila chyrsaetos) in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada. The ravens fed on nine (30%) of the 30 prey items delivered to the nest during the chick rearing period. Kleptoparasitic behavior by the ravens decreased as the eagle nestling matured to seven weeks of age, suggesting a narrow temporal window in which ravens can successfully engage in kleptoparasitic behavior at eagle nests. The observation of kleptoparasitism by Common Ravens at the nest suggests potential risks to young Golden Eagles from Common Ravens. C1 [Simes, Matthew; Johnson, Diego; Streit, Justin; Longshore, Kathleen; Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Simes, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM msimes@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding and logistical support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Two anonymous reviewers and the editors at the Wilson Journal of Ornithology, as well as P. Medica, and S. Jones for providing constructive and insightful reviews and observations that strengthened this manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 129 IS 1 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DY UT WOS:000396646200025 ER PT J AU Pearce-Higgins, JW Brown, DJ Douglas, DJT Alves, JA Bellio, M Bocher, P Buchanan, GM Clay, RP Conklin, J Crockford, N Dann, P Elts, J Friis, C Fuller, RA Gill, JA Gosbell, K Johnson, JA Marquez-Ferrando, R Masero, JA Melville, DS Millington, S Minton, C Mundkur, T Nol, E Pehlak, H Piersma, T Robin, F Rogers, DI Ruthrauff, DR Senner, NR Shah, JN Sheldon, RD Soloviev, SA Tomkovich, PS Verkuil, YI AF Pearce-Higgins, James W. Brown, Daniel J. Douglas, David J. T. Alves, Jose A. Bellio, Mariagrazia Bocher, Pierrick Buchanan, Graeme M. Clay, Rob P. Conklin, Jesse Crockford, Nicola Dann, Peter Elts, Jaanus Friis, Christian Fuller, Richard A. Gill, Jennifer A. Gosbell, Ken Johnson, James A. Marquez-Ferrando, Rocio Masero, Jose A. Melville, David S. Millington, Spike Minton, Clive Mundkur, Taej Nol, Erica Pehlak, Hannes Piersma, Theunis Robin, Frederic Rogers, Danny I. Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Senner, Nathan R. Shah, Junid N. Sheldon, Rob D. Soloviev, Sergej A. Tomkovich, Pavel S. Verkuil, Yvonne I. TI A global threats overview for Numeniini populations: synthesising expert knowledge for a group of declining migratory birds SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID GODWIT LIMOSA-LIMOSA; BAR-TAILED GODWITS; BREEDING SUCCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YELLOW SEA; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; HABITAT QUALITY; NORTH-AMERICAN AB The Numeniini is a tribe of 13 wader species (Scolopacidae, Charadriiformes) of which seven are Near Threatened or globally threatened, including two Critically Endangered. To help inform conservation management and policy responses, we present the results of an expert assessment of the threats that members of this taxonomic group face across migratory flyways. Most threats are increasing in intensity, particularly in non-breeding areas, where habitat loss resulting from residential and commercial development, aquaculture, mining, transport, disturbance, problematic invasive species, pollution and climate change were regarded as having the greatest detrimental impact. Fewer threats (mining, disturbance, problematic native species and climate change) were identified as widely affecting breeding areas. Numeniini populations face the greatest number of non-breeding threats in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, especially those associated with coastal reclamation; related threats were also identified across the Central and Atlantic Americas, and East Atlantic flyways. Threats on the breeding grounds were greatest in Central and Atlantic Americas, East Atlantic and West Asian flyways. Three priority actions were associated with monitoring and research: to monitor breeding population trends (which for species breeding in remote areas may best be achieved through surveys at key non-breeding sites), to deploy tracking technologies to identify migratory connectivity, and to monitor land-cover change across breeding and non-breeding areas. Two priority actions were focused on conservation and policy responses: to identify and effectively protect key non-breeding sites across all flyways (particularly in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway), and to implement successful conservation interventions at a sufficient scale across human-dominated landscapes for species' recovery to be achieved. If implemented urgently, these measures in combination have the potential to alter the current population declines of many Numeniini species and provide a template for the conservation of other groups of threatened species. C1 [Pearce-Higgins, James W.] British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk IP24 2PU, England. [Pearce-Higgins, James W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Brown, Daniel J.; Douglas, David J. T.; Buchanan, Graeme M.] RSPB Scotland, Ctr Conservat Sci, 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh EH13 9DH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Aveiro, Ctr Environm & Marine Studies CESAM, Dept Biol, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Iceland, South Iceland Res Ctr, IS-800 Fjolheimar, Selfoss, Iceland. [Bellio, Mariagrazia] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 58 Kirby Flat Rd, Yackandanah, Vic 2749, Australia. [Bocher, Pierrick] ULR, CNRS, Lab Littoral Environm & Soc, UMR6250, F-17000 Rochelle, NY, France. [Clay, Rob P.] WHSRN Execut Off, Oficina Ejecutiva RHRAP, Rodriguez Francia 869, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Conklin, Jesse; Senner, Nathan R.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Crockford, Nicola] RSPB, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Dann, Peter] Res Dept, Phillip Isl Nat Pk,POB 97, Phillip Island, Vic 3922, Australia. [Elts, Jaanus] Univ Tartu, Estonian Ornithol Soc, Veski 4, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Friis, Christian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Fuller, Richard A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gill, Jennifer A.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Gosbell, Ken] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 1-19 Baldwin Rd, Blackburn, Vic 3130, Australia. [Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Marquez-Ferrando, Rocio] CSIC, Estac Biolg Donana, Dept Wetland Ecol, Avda Amer Vespucio S-N, Seville, Spain. [Masero, Jose A.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Anat Cell Biol & Zool, Avenida Elvas S-N, Badajoz 06071, Spain. [Melville, David S.] 1261 Dovedale Rd,RD 2 Wakefield, Nelson 7096, New Zealand. [Millington, Spike] EAAF Partnership Secretariat, 3F Bon Dong G Tower, Incheon 406840, South Korea. [Minton, Clive] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 165 Dalgety Rd, Beaumaris, 3193, Australia. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, POB 471, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Pehlak, Hannes] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, PPO POB 11103, Groningen, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Coastal Syst, NIOZ, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Utrecht, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Robin, Frederic] Ligue Protect Oiseaux, Fonderies Royales, F-17300 Rochefort, France. [Rogers, Danny I.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shah, Junid N.] Environm Agcy Abu Dhabi EAD, POB 45553AL Mamoura Bldg A Muroor RD, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Sheldon, Rob D.] RDS Conservat, 78 Riverdene Rd, Ilford IG1 2EA, England. [Soloviev, Sergej A.] Omsk State Univ, Dept Chem, St Prospect Mira 55a, Omsk 644077, Russia. [Tomkovich, Pavel S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Ornithol Zool Museum, Bolshaya Nikitskatya St 6, Moscow 125009, Russia. [Verkuil, Yvonne I.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, Chair Int Wader Study Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Pearce-Higgins, JW (reprint author), British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk IP24 2PU, England.; Pearce-Higgins, JW (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM james.pearce-higgins@bto.org NR 140 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 6 EP 34 DI 10.1017/S0959270916000678 PG 29 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EN9SK UT WOS:000396339700002 ER PT J AU Lee, RG Dilles, JH Tosdal, RM Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK AF Lee, Robert G. Dilles, John H. Tosdal, Richard M. Wooden, Joseph L. Mazdab, Frank K. TI Magmatic Evolution of Granodiorite Intrusions at the El Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit, Chile, Based on Trace Element Composition and U/Pb Age of Zircons SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CHILE; ICP-MS; CU-MO; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN; GRANITIC-ROCKS; BUTTE DISTRICT; ARC MAGMATISM AB Uranium-lead ages and trace element compositions of zircon from a series of shallow porphyry intrusions document the temporal, chemical, and thermal magmatic evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal porphyry Cu (Mo-Au) ores in the El Salvador district, Chile. Zircons (n = 240) from 15 Eocene age diorite, granodiorite, and granite porphyry intrusions were analyzed by SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe. The weighted means of Pb-207-corrected Pb-206/U-238 zircon ages span 3 m.y. from about 44 to 41 Ma, with peak magmatic flux at 44 to 43 Ma. The granodiorite porphyries at the Turquoise Gulch copper deposit record waning stages of magmatism at 42.5 to 42.0 Ma and were followed by postmineral latite dikes at about 41.6 Ma. Porphyry copper ores formed contemporaneously with porphyry intrusion centers that progressed temporally from north to south, from the small deposits at Cerro Pelado (similar to 44.2 Ma), Old Camp (similar to 43.6 Ma), and at M Gulch-Copper Hill (similar to 43.5-43.1 Ma) to the main ore deposit at Turquoise Gulch (similar to 42 Ma). The Eocene porphyry intrusions contain a few Mesozoic (n = 9) inherited zircons and numerous (n >= 19) antecrystic zircons about 1 to 2 m.y. older than the host intrusion that provide evidence of extensive Eocene magmatic recycling. The Ti-in-zircon geothermometer provides estimates of 890 degrees to 620 degrees C for zircon crystallization and records both core to rim cooling and locally high-temperature rim overgrowths. Most zircon in ore-related K, L, and R porphyries yields near-solidus temperatures of 750 degrees to 650 degrees C and crystallized from compositionally diverse granodiorite porphyries that are a product of crystal fractionation of hornblende, apatite, and titanite with lesser crustal contamination and mixing with high-temperature deep-sourced mafic magma. During a 3-m.y. period, porphyry intrusions tapped an evolving granodioritic magma chamber that was periodically heated, locally remelted, and mixed with mafic magma during recharge events but cooled between recharge events to evolve ore fluids. Europium anomalies (chondrite-normalized Eu-N/Eu-N*) in zircons become more pronounced with increased Hf content and cooling but display two distinct evolutionary paths: Eu-N/Eu-N* of early quartz porphyry evolves from 0.8 to 0.3, whereas the late synmineralization porphyries evolve from 0.8 to 0.65. The Eu-N/Eu-N* ratio of zircon reflects the Eu3+/Eu2+ ratio of the melt, and therefore the granodiorite porphyries at Turquoise Gulch were the most strongly oxidized of the El Salvador magmas. The strongly oxidized trend porphyry magmas at Turquoise Gulch are apparently directly linked to magmatic degassing at similar to 700 degrees C to produce large amounts of ore-forming copper, sulfur, and chlorine-enriched magmatic-hydrothermal aqueous fluids. C1 [Lee, Robert G.; Dilles, John H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lee, Robert G.; Tosdal, Richard M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tosdal, Richard M.] PicachoEx LLC, Folly Beach, SC 29439 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] 785 Nob Ridge SW, Marietta, GA 30064 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lee, RG; Dilles, JH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rlee@eos.ubc.ca; dillesj@geo.oregonstate.edu FU Exploraciones Mineras Andinas (EMA); CODELCO; Society of Economic Geologists; Freeport McMoran, Inc; The National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; Stanford University FX This project was funded in part by the Exploraciones Mineras Andinas (EMA) division of CODELCO, a 2007 Society of Economic Geologists student research grant, and a generous contribution from Freeport McMoran, Inc. The authors thank Lew Gustafson and Enrique Tidy for providing guidance, help, and the initial samples for analyses. The National Science Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey, and Stanford University provided funds and access to the SHRIMP- RG, and Barry A. Walker and Mark Ford assisted with SHRIMP- RG data acquisition. Walter Orquera, Ricard Santelices, Christian Rojas, and Eduardo Gonzalez of EMA at the El Salvador mine assisted in the collection and initial processing of the samples. The Oregon State University Volcanology, Igneous Petrology, and Economic Resources (VIPER) group, particularly Anita Grunder and Adam Kent, provided valuable critical input. We also thank David Cooke, Sebastien Meffre, and Pete Hollings for their helpful reviews of this manuscript as well as an anonymous reviewer from an earlier version of this study. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 112 IS 2 BP 245 EP 273 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5PM UT WOS:000396745200002 ER PT J AU Anderson, ED Monecke, T Hitzman, MW Zhou, W Bedrosian, PA AF Anderson, Eric D. Monecke, Thomas Hitzman, Murray W. Zhou, Wendy Bedrosian, Paul A. TI Mineral Potential Mapping in an Accreted Island-Arc Setting Using Aeromagnetic Data: An Example from Southwest Alaska SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WRANGELLIA COMPOSITE TERRANE; ALEUTIAN RANGE BATHOLITH; AU-MO DEPOSIT; NORTH-AMERICA; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN ALASKA; GOLD DEPOSITS; 3 DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTION; PEBBLE AB The distribution of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), porphyry-epithermal, Alaska-type ultramafic-mafic complexes, intrusion-related Au, and granitoid Sn-W ore deposits in southwest Alaska supports current metallogenic models linking the formation of these deposit types to the emplacement of different suites of igneous rocks during the evolution of this convergent plate margin. Regional-scale aeromagnetic data provide a continuous set of observations over the deposits and show contrasting patterns over the igneous rock suites hosting the various deposit types. Combined with surface geologic data and regional metallogenic constraints, aeromagnetic data-filtered to enhance the anomalous magnetic field and map magnetic domains-were used to produce a mineral potential map across this accreted island-arc setting. The reduced-to-pole, upward continuation, and total horizontal gradient transform maps show anomalies that could represent porphyry-epithermal deposits within the intraoceanic- and continental-arc terranes. The tilt derivative transform highlights lineaments within the back arc that may represent zones with potential for VMS deposits. The truncations of tilt derivative lineaments outline a major magnetic domain boundary between the back-arc and craton margin, which is prospective for granitoid Sn-W deposits. Annular tilt derivative highs outline granitoids that could be associated with intrusion-related Au deposits within the craton margin. Shallow, magnetite-rich Alaska-type ultramafic-mafic complexes are mapped by their short-wavelength, high-amplitude anomalies. Successful mineral potential mapping across southwestern Alaska as performed in the present study suggests that filtered aeromagnetic data can be effectively used in mineral exploration in convergent continental margin settings. C1 [Anderson, Eric D.; Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, Eric D.; Monecke, Thomas; Hitzman, Murray W.; Zhou, Wendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, 1516 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Anderson, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ericanderson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Northern Dynasty Minerals and Anglo American for access to data and logistical support for field work. TNR Gold Corp. provided drill hole information. Misac Nabighian is thanked for his assistance with the aeromagnetic data processing. Suggestions by Garth Graham, Richard Goldfarb, Karen Kelley, and Misac Nabighian helped us improve an early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to Paul Spry, Richard Lane, Dean Peterson, and Anne McCafferty for their insightful reviews. The Mineral Resource Program at the U.S. Geological Survey is thanked for providing funding through the Concealed Deposits and Mineral Deposit Models projects. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 112 IS 2 BP 375 EP 396 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5PM UT WOS:000396745200007 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Yurek, S AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Yurek, Simeon TI Spatially Explicit Modeling in Ecology: A Review SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE vegetation patterns; community ecology; population models; predator-prey interactions; food web; ecosystem ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; AGENT-BASED MODEL; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; FOREST DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION-MODELS; LANDSCAPE MODELS; EVERGLADES RESTORATION AB The use of spatially explicit models (SEMs) in ecology has grown enormously in the past two decades. One major advancement has been that fine-scale details of landscapes, and of spatially dependent biological processes, such as dispersal and invasion, can now be simulated with great precision, due to improvements in computer technology. Many areas of modeling have shifted toward a focus on capturing these fine-scale details, to improve mechanistic understanding of ecosystems. However, spatially implicit models (SIMs) have played a dominant role in ecology, and arguments have been made that SIMs, which account for the effects of space without specifying spatial positions, have an advantage of being simpler and more broadly applicable, perhaps contributing more to understanding. We address this debate by comparing SEMs and SIMs in examples from the past few decades of modeling research. We argue that, although SIMs have been the dominant approach in the incorporation of space in theoretical ecology, SEMs have unique advantages for addressing pragmatic questions concerning species populations or communities in specific places, because local conditions, such as spatial heterogeneities, organism behaviors, and other contingencies, produce dynamics and patterns that usually cannot be incorporated into simpler SIMs. SEMs are also able to describe mechanisms at the local scale that can create amplifying positive feedbacks at that scale, creating emergent patterns at larger scales, and therefore are important to basic ecological theory. We review the use of SEMs at the level of populations, interacting populations, food webs, and ecosystems and argue that SEMs are not only essential in pragmatic issues, but must play a role in the understanding of causal relationships on landscapes. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Yurek, Simeon] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science program; University of Miami McLamore Fellowship in Tropical Biology FX The Authors appreciate the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. DLD and SY were supported in part by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science program, and SY was supported in part by the University of Miami McLamore Fellowship in Tropical Biology. NR 214 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 2 BP 284 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10021-016-0066-z PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2VK UT WOS:000395868200011 ER PT J AU Woodruff, WF Lewan, MD Revil, A Torres-Verdin, C AF Woodruff, William F. Lewan, Michael D. Revil, Andre Torres-Verdin, Carlos TI Complex electrical conductivity changes associated with hydrous pyrolysis maturation of the Woodford Shale SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION; OIL-BEARING SANDS; SOURCE-ROCK; WATER; WETTABILITY; INTERFACE; FREQUENCY; KEROGEN; BITUMEN; PYRITE AB Hydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments were performed on five pairs of chert cubes from the Woodford Shale aliquots under uniaxial confinement at various prescribed thermal maturities. These thermal maturities represent each of the phases of organic-matter (OM) catagenesis under hydrous conditions: immature kerogen at low thermal stress (125 degrees C for 72 h), low and peak bitumen generation with increasing thermal stress (300 degrees C and 330 degrees C for 72 h), cracking of bitumen to oil and gas at higher thermal stresses (330 degrees C and 360 degrees C for 72 h), and cracking of some oil at the highest experimental conditions (400 degrees C for 72 h). We measured the spectra of the complex electrical conductivity tensor (in the frequency range 10 mHz to 45 kHz) of these 10 aliquots to capture the effects of thermal maturation by hydrous pyrolysis. Results indicate that surface conduction of polar-rich bitumens has a significant effect on their complex electrical conductivity. The OM of a source rock is considered a negligible cause of cation-exchange capacity (CEC), whose parameters influence surface and quadrature conductivity components of the complex electrical conductivity tensor. Part of this CEC was reactivated during the hydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments. The conspicuous absence of a decrease in electrical conductivity with bitumen and oil generation in the chert cubes recovered from the hydrous-pyrolysis experiments does not agree with the observed increases of well-log resistivity in the natural maturation of some source rocks. Contraction of OM at the contacts with mineral grains is considered a partial cause of this discrepancy, which occurs during the cooling of the experiments to room temperature when no mechanical compaction is applied. Mineral-grain supported rocks such as the chert we studied appear to be especially prone to such a phenomenon. C1 [Woodruff, William F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Revil, Andre] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, UMR 5275, CNRS, ISTerre, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Torres-Verdin, Carlos] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Woodruff, WF (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wfwoodruff@gmail.com; mlewan@usgs.gov; andre.revil@univ-smb.fr; cverdin@austin.utexas.edu FU University of Texas at Austin's Research Consortium on Formation Evaluation; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX The authors are especially grateful to M. Miller of Cimarex for initiating this collaborative research of the USGS experimental research effort in Denver. The research was funded by the University of Texas at Austin's Research Consortium on Formation Evaluation and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Analytical work at the USGS is gratefully acknowledged with special thanks to A. Warden for gas analyses, W. Betterton for XRD mineral analysis, Z. Lowry for bitumen solvent extractions, and A. Boehlke for some of the preliminary SEM imaging. The authors also gratefully acknowledge C. Bugge and L. Canter at Whiting Petroleum for SEM images, and D. James at Weatherford for the CT scans. We thank the reviewers for their work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 82 IS 2 BP D85 EP D106 DI 10.1190/GEO2016-0279.1 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO7DU UT WOS:000396852200014 ER PT J AU White, T Bradley, D Haeussler, P Rowley, DB AF White, Tim Bradley, Dwight Haeussler, Peter Rowley, David B. TI Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Paleosols and a New Measure of the Transport Distance of Alaska's Yakutat Terrane SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARKOSE RIDGE FORMATION; SOUTHERN ALASKA; THERMAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-AMERICA; ACCRETING TERRANE; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; PUGET GROUP; CLIMATE; BOUNDARY; PRECIPITATION AB An intensely weathered paleosol representing a nearly isochronous landscape exists at many places in continental Late Paleocene-Early Eocene strata in North America. Most commonly, a single siderite spherule-bearing horizon is found, from which O-18 values were obtained to construct a paleolatitudinal gradient for Late Paleocene-Early Eocene North America. Comparison of the paleosol siderite spherule O-18 composition from the displaced Yakutat Terrane of Alaska to the North American paleolatitudinal gradient indicates that during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene the terrane existed at approximate to 44 degrees paleonorth, thus supporting hypotheses for a far-traveled terrane history. C1 [White, Tim] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bradley, Dwight; Haeussler, Peter] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rowley, David B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP White, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tsw113@psu.edu FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Scholars; US Geological Survey FX We acknowledge financial and logistical support provided by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Scholars and Mineral Resources Programs of the US Geological Survey. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 125 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1086/690198 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA EM6YO UT WOS:000395458800001 ER PT J AU Green, WR Hufhines, B AF Green, W. Reed Hufhines, Bradley TI A rare Uroglena bloom in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, spring 2015 SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Algal bloom; taste and odor; Uroglena AB Green WR, Hufhines B. 2017. A rare Uroglena bloom in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, spring 2015. Lake Reserve Manage. 33:8-13.A combination of factors triggered a Uroglena volvox bloom and taste and odor event in Beaver Lake, a water-supply reservoir in northwest Arkansas, in late April 2015. Factors contributing to the bloom included increased rainfall and runoff containing increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, followed by a stable pool, low nutrient concentrations, and an expansion of lake surface area and littoral zone. This was the first time U. volvox was identified in Beaver Lake and the first time it was recognized as a source of taste and odor. Routine water quality samples happened to be collected by the US Geological Survey and the Beaver Water District throughout the reservoir during the bloom. Higher than normal rainfall in March 2015 increased the pool elevation in Beaver Lake by 2.3m (by early April), increased the surface area by 10%, and increased the littoral zone by 1214 ha; these conditions persisted for 38days, resulting from flood water being retained behind the dam. Monitoring programs that cover a wide range of reservoir features, including dissolved organic carbon, zooplankton, and phytoplankton, are valuable in explaining unusual events such as this Uroglena bloom. C1 [Green, W. Reed] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Hufhines, Bradley] Beaver Water Dist, POB 400, Lowell, AR 72745 USA. RP Green, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM wrgreen@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1080/10402381.2016.1238427 PG 6 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EN5JZ UT WOS:000396042900002 ER PT J AU Harris, TD Graham, JL AF Harris, Ted D. Graham, Jennifer L. TI Predicting cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin, and geosmin in a eutrophic drinking-water reservoir using a 14-year dataset SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Cubist modeling; cyanobacteria; drinking water; geosmin; microcystin; non-linear models ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; BLOOMS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; DOMINANCE; DYNAMICS; TASTE AB Harris TD, Graham JL. 2017. Predicting cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin, and geosmin in a eutrophic drinking-water reservoir using a 14-year dataset. Lake Reserve Manage. 33:32-48.Cyanobacterial blooms degrade water quality in drinking water supply reservoirs by producing toxic and taste-and-odor causing secondary metabolites, which ultimately cause public health concerns and lead to increased treatment costs for water utilities. There have been numerous attempts to create models that predict cyanobacteria and their secondary metabolites, most using linear models; however, linear models are limited by assumptions about the data and have had limited success as predictive tools. Thus, lake and reservoir managers need improved modeling techniques that can accurately predict large bloom events that have the highest impact on recreational activities and drinking-water treatment processes. In this study, we compared 12 unique linear and nonlinear regression modeling techniques to predict cyanobacterial abundance and the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites microcystin and geosmin using 14years of physiochemical water quality data collected from Cheney Reservoir, Kansas. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), boosted tree (BT), and Cubist modeling techniques were the most predictive of the compared modeling approaches. SVM, RF, and BT modeling techniques were able to successfully predict cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin, and geosmin concentrations <60,000 cells/mL, 2.5 mu g/L, and 20ng/L, respectively. Only Cubist modeling predicted maxima concentrations of cyanobacteria and geosmin; no modeling technique was able to predict maxima microcystin concentrations. Because maxima concentrations are a primary concern for lake and reservoir managers, Cubist modeling may help predict the largest and most noxious concentrations of cyanobacteria and their secondary metabolites. C1 [Harris, Ted D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Harris, TD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM t992h557@ku.edu FU USGS Cooperative Matching Funds Program; City of Wichita; University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship FX We thank the USGS Cooperative Matching Funds Program, the City of Wichita, and the University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship for providing funding for this research. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1080/10402381.2016.1263694 PG 17 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EN5JZ UT WOS:000396042900005 ER PT J AU Madsen, J Williams, JH Johnson, FA Tombre, IM Dereliev, S Kuijken, E AF Madsen, Jesper Williams, James Henty Johnson, Fred A. Tombre, Ingunn M. Dereliev, Sergey Kuijken, Eckhart TI Implementation of the first adaptive management plan for a European migratory waterbird population: The case of the Svalbard pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Adaptive harvest management; Human-wildlife conflict; Population target; Stakeholder involvement; Structured decision-making; Tundra degradation ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; GEESE; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; SITE AB An International Species Management Plan for the Svalbard population of the pink-footed goose was adopted under the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds in 2012, the first case of adaptive management of a migratory waterbird population in Europe. An international working group (including statutory agencies, NGO representatives and experts) agreed on objectives and actions to maintain the population in favourable conservation status, while accounting for biodiversity, economic and recreational interests. Agreements include setting a population target to reduce agricultural conflicts and avoid tundra degradation, and using hunting in some range states to maintain stable population size. As part of the adaptive management procedures, adjustment to harvest is made annually subject to population status. This has required streamlining of monitoring and assessment activities. Three years after implementation, indicators suggest the attainment of management results. Dialogue, consensus-building and engagement among stakeholders represent the major process achievements. C1 [Madsen, Jesper; Williams, James Henty] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Grenavej 14, DK-8410 Kalo, Ronde, Denmark. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Tombre, Ingunn M.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Arctic Ecol Dept, Fram Ctr, POB 6606, Tromso, Norway. [Dereliev, Sergey] African Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement, UNEP AEWA Secretariat, UN Campus,Pl Vereinten Nationen 1, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Kuijken, Eckhart] Res Inst Nat & Forest INBO, Ghent, Belgium. [Kuijken, Eckhart] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Ghent, Belgium. [Kuijken, Eckhart] Lindeveld 4, B-8730 Beernem, Belgium. RP Madsen, J (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Grenavej 14, DK-8410 Kalo, Ronde, Denmark. EM jm@bios.au.dk; jhw@bios.au.dk; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Ingunn.Tombre@nina.no; sergey.dereliev@unep-aewa.org; eckhart.kuijken@scarlet.be FU Aarhus University (Danish Centre for Environment and Energy); Norwegian Environment Agency; Danish Nature Agency; Vlaamse Overheid; Agentschap Natuur Bos; US Geological Survey; Norwegian Research Councils [230329/E40] FX We are extremely grateful for the cooperation with the members and observers of the AEWA Pink-footed Goose International Working Group convened to coordinate the implementation of the international management plan for the species. This research received funding from Aarhus University (Danish Centre for Environment and Energy), the Norwegian Environment Agency, the Danish Nature Agency, Vlaamse Overheid, Agentschap Natuur & Bos, the US Geological Survey, the Norwegian Research Councils (project Geese Beyond Borders, contract No. 230329/E40) and 15. Juni Fonden (project Forbedret Gasejagt). Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 2017 VL 46 SU 2 SI SI BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s13280-016-0888-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2CB UT WOS:000395122900010 PM 28215011 ER PT J AU Hannah, L Steele, M Fung, E Imbach, P Flint, L Flint, A AF Hannah, Lee Steele, Marc Fung, Emily Imbach, Pablo Flint, Lorriane Flint, Alan TI Climate change influences on pollinator, forest, and farm interactions across a climate gradient SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CROP POLLINATION; TROPICAL FOREST; BEE ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; SERVICES; AGROECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; DROUGHT AB Climate impact models are often implemented at horizontal resolutions ("scales") too coarse to be readily applied in local impact assessments. However, recent advancements in fine-scale modeling are allowing the creation of impact models that can be applied to landscape-scale adaptation planning. Here, we illustrate the use of fine-scale impact models for landscape-scale adaptation planning of pollination services for six sites in Central America. The strategies include the identification of (1) potential reservoir areas that may retain bee diversity and serve as a source of recolonization after climate shocks such as droughts; and (2) potential restoration areas, where improving forest cover is likely to lead to increases in pollinator services both in the present and in the future. Coarse-scale (> 1-km horizontal resolution) climatic controls on pollinator diversity and forest cover determine the general location of these areas in our six landscapes. Fine-scale (< 100-m horizontal resolution) variation in climatic water deficit provides an index of forest health which can help identify intervention strategies within these zones. All sites have significant areas in which protecting or restoring forest cover is likely to enhance pollination services. The gradient in rainfall change across the study sites dictates choice of adaptation strategies. C1 [Hannah, Lee] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci, Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Steele, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. [Fung, Emily] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Turrialba 30501, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Imbach, Pablo] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Climate Change Program, Environm Modeling Lab, Turrialba 30501, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Flint, Lorriane; Flint, Alan] US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hannah, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci, Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM lhannah@conservation.org FU Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science at Conservation International FX This study was conducted as part of the CASCADE project ("Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America"). This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (ICI). The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. We thank the Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science at Conservation International for providing funds for open access. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2017 VL 141 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1868-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM3GC UT WOS:000395201500005 ER PT J AU Sikes, DS Bowser, M Morton, JM Bickford, C Meierotto, S Hildebrandt, K AF Sikes, Derek S. Bowser, Matthew Morton, John M. Bickford, Casey Meierotto, Sarah Hildebrandt, Kyndall TI Building a DNA barcode library of Alaska's non-marine arthropods SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE DNA barcoding; inventory; monitoring; Arthropoda; biodiversity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOME SHIFT; LIFE; BIODIVERSITY AB Climate change may result in ecological futures with novel species assemblages, trophic mismatch, and mass extinction. Alaska has a limited taxonomic workforce to address these changes. We are building a DNA barcode library to facilitate a metabarcoding approach to monitoring non-marine arthropods. Working with the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, we obtained DNA barcodes from recently collected and authoritatively identified specimens in the University of Alaska Museum (UAM) Insect Collection and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge collection. We submitted tissues from 4776 specimens, of which 81% yielded DNA barcodes representing 1662 species and 1788 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), of primarily terrestrial, large-bodied arthropods. This represents 84% of the species available for DNA barcoding in the UAM Insect Collection. There are now 4020 Alaskan arthropod species represented by DNA barcodes, after including all records in Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) of species that occur in Alaska- i.e., 48.5% of the 8277 Alaskan, non-marine-arthropod, named species have associated DNA barcodes. An assessment of the identification power of the library in its current state yielded fewer species-level identifications than expected, but the results were not discouraging. We believe we are the first to deliberately begin development of a DNA barcode library of the entire arthropod fauna for a North American state or province. Although far from complete, this library will become increasingly valuable as more species are added and costs to obtain DNA sequences fall. C1 [Sikes, Derek S.; Bickford, Casey; Meierotto, Sarah; Hildebrandt, Kyndall] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bowser, Matthew; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 2139, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Meierotto, Sarah] Univ Kentucky, S-225 Agr Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Sikes, DS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dssikes@alaska.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Region NWRS Inventory and Monitoring Initiative; Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Wildlife Diversity Program; Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute in support of the International Barcode of Life project FX We thank the 164 entomologists and arachnologists who identified specimens from which we obtained or attempted to obtain DNA barcodes, including those who obtained DNA barcodes from UAM or KNWR specimens as part of their own projects: J. Acorn, R. Anderson, G. Anweiler, A. Asmus, G. Ball, K. Barber, J. Barnes, C. Bartlett, A. Bennett, J. Bergdhal, E. Bernard, G. Blagoev, D. Bogan, R. Borth, P. Bouchard, C. Boudreault, F. Brodo, S. Brooks, D. Buckle, C. Buddle, M. Buffington, J. Campbell, J. Carpenter, P. Catling, S. Chatzimanolis, S. Chuluunbat, A. Cline, D. Collet, C. Coon, J. Cornell, S. Cover, R. Crawford, J. Cumming, D. Currie, K. Daly, R. Darsie, R. Davidson, A. Davies, G. Delvare, C. Dietrich, H. Douglas, M. Draney, T. Ekrem, S. Emmert, T. Eskelin, J.- L. Fernandez Triana, M. Ferrer- Suay, C. Ferris, M. Ferro, A. Finnamore, B. Fisher, A. Fjellberg, B. Fleshman, O. Flint, B. Foote, A. Francoeur, Z. Fric, M. Furniss, J. Goodwin, H. Goulet, D. Guinn, A. Hagerty, K. Hamilton, H. Hammond, E. Hoebeke, J. Hudson, P. Huemer, S. Huguet, O. Jaeger, K. Johnson, P. Johnson, J. Johnson, D. Kavanaugh, J. Klimaszewski, S. Klopfstein, J. Koch, V. Kolyada, J. Kruse, J. LaBonte, J. Lafontaine, J.- F. Landry, R. Leschen, T. Lewis, S. Lingafelter, M. Locke, I. MacDougall, T. MacRae, D. Maddison, J. Martin, L. Masner, W. Mathis, H. Maw, T. McElrath, I. Meijer Drees, V. Michelsen, Y. Mikhailov, E. Mockford, K. Moran, L. Mullen, E. Munroe, W. Murphy, P. Naskrecki, A. Newton, J. Noyes, C. O'Brien, L. O'Brien, M. Olmi, P. Opler, B. Owens, L. Packer, R. Pampell, M. Paulsen, S. Peek, P. Perkins, K. Philip, K. Pike, D. Pollock, F. Purrington, A. Ramsdale, A. Ray, A. Renaud, K. Renner, S. Ridling, E. Riley, J. Rivera, J. Rohacek, W. Rucker, D. Ruiter, J. Runyon, D. Saltmarsh, M. Schwartz, G. Scudder, D. Shain, M. Sharkey, A. Shavrin, C. Sheffield, R. Shelley, B. Sinclair, P. Skelley, J. Skevington, J. Slowik, A. Smetana, D. Smith, P. Stary, G. Steck, K. Stewart, J. Stockbridge, M. Sutou, M. Thayer, M. Thomas, F. Thompson, L. Toledano, E. Trainor, J. Vockeroth, R. Westcott, T. Whitworth, J. Willacker, P. Williams, S. Wise-Eagle, T. Woldstad, N. Woodley, D. Wrase, A. Young, and C. Young. We also thank the staff of the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, for conducting molecular laboratory work, and Dusty McDonald for programming support with Arctos. We thank all the wonderful laboratory technicians who helped with specimen preparation. Funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Region NWRS Inventory and Monitoring Initiative, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Wildlife Diversity Program. Sequence analysis was aided by funding from the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute in support of the International Barcode of Life project NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAR PY 2017 VL 60 IS 3 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1139/gen-2015-0203 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EN5XM UT WOS:000396079100007 PM 28106469 ER PT J AU Toomey, MR Ashton, AD Raymo, ME Perron, JT AF Toomey, Michael R. Ashton, Andrew D. Raymo, Maureen E. Perron, J. Taylor TI Reply to: Terry, J. and Goff, J. comment on "Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls" by Toomey et al. (2016), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 451: 73-83. SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSIGHTS; HISTORY; REEF C1 [Toomey, Michael R.] Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Toomey, Michael R.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ashton, Andrew D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS 22,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Raymo, Maureen E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Perron, J. Taylor] MIT, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Toomey, MR (reprint author), Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.; Toomey, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mtoomey@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 469 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.028 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EN4DA UT WOS:000395956800013 ER PT J AU Wilson, DJ Lyver, PO Greene, TC Whitehead, AL Dugger, KM Karl, BJ Barringer, JRF McGarry, R Pollard, AM Ainley, DG AF Wilson, Deborah J. Lyver, Philip O'B Greene, Terry C. Whitehead, Amy L. Dugger, Katie M. Karl, Brian J. Barringer, James R. F. McGarry, Roger Pollard, Annie M. Ainley, David G. TI South Polar Skua breeding populations in the Ross Sea assessed from demonstrated relationship with Ad,lie Penguin numbers SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distance sampling; Environmental change; Pygoscelis adeliae; Seabirds; South Polar Skua; Stercorarius maccormicki ID CATHARACTA-MACCORMICKI; ADELIE PENGUIN; BROWN SKUAS; ANTARCTICA; ISLAND; PENINSULA; DESIGN; MODEL; BIRD; SIZE AB In the Ross Sea region, most South Polar Skuas (Stercorarius maccormicki) nest near Ad,lie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies, preying and scavenging on fish, penguins, and other carrion. To derive a relationship to predict skua numbers from better-quantified penguin numbers, we used distance sampling to estimate breeding skua numbers within 1000 m of 5 penguin nesting locations (Cape Crozier, Cape Royds, and 3 Cape Bird locations) on Ross Island in 3 consecutive years. Estimated numbers of skua breeding pairs were highest at Cape Crozier (270,000 penguin pairs; 1099 and 1347 skua pairs in 2 respective years) and lowest at Cape Royds (3000 penguin pairs; 45 skua pairs). The log-log linear relationship (R (2) = 0.98) between pairs of skuas and penguins was highly significant, and most historical estimates of skua and penguin numbers in the Ross Sea were within 95 % prediction intervals of the regression. Applying our regression model to current Ad,lie Penguin colony sizes at 23 western Ross Sea locations predicted that 4635 pairs of skuas now breed within 1000 m of penguin colonies in the Ross Island metapopulation (including Beaufort Island) and northern Victoria Land. We estimate, using published skua estimates for elsewhere in Antarctica, that the Ross Sea South Polar Skua population comprises similar to 50 % of the world total, although this may be an overestimate because of incomplete data elsewhere. To improve predictions and enable measurement of future skua population change, we recommend additional South Polar Skua surveys using consistent distance-sampling methods at penguin colonies of a range of sizes. C1 [Wilson, Deborah J.] Landcare Res, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Lyver, Philip O'B; Karl, Brian J.; Barringer, James R. F.] Landcare Res, POB 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Greene, Terry C.] Dept Conservat, Private Bag 4715, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Whitehead, Amy L.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, 10 Kyle St, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McGarry, Roger] POB 57-021, Auckland 1025, New Zealand. [Pollard, Annie M.] 247 South 2nd St, Coos Bay, OR 97420 USA. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates Ecol Consultants, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Wilson, DJ (reprint author), Landcare Res, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM wilsond@landcareresearch.co.nz FU contestable Grants [C01X1226, C01X1001]; New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group; New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries [MPI17238-S01-LC]; New Zealand Department of Conservation (Science and Capability); U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0944411] FX We thank G. Barclay, J. Whitehead, Q. Barr-Glintborg and R. Hunter for assistance in the field, K. Drew for data compilation, Antarctica New Zealand and the U.S. Antarctic Program for logistical support, and the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries' Antarctic Fisheries Working Group for discussions. We are grateful to W. Fraser and E. Woehler for insights into skuas and penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctic regions, respectively; W. Fraser of the Palmer LTER also provided unpublished data on skua numbers in the middle portion of the Antarctic Peninsula. Similarly, we thank C. Harris for access to the Important Bird Areas data base to check on our gleaning of the literature for skua numbers in the Antarctic Peninsula. We thank reviewers and editors for their valuable comments on previous versions of this paper. This research was conducted in compliance with New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Preliminary Environmental Evaluation Notification/Permits (K121-1112; K121-1213 and K122-1415-A). It was supported by contestable Grants (C01X1226 and C01X1001) and core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group, by the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI17238-S01-LC), by the New Zealand Department of Conservation (Science and Capability), and by Grant ANT-0944411 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 40 IS 3 BP 577 EP 592 DI 10.1007/s00300-016-1980-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2WR UT WOS:000395177000007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Brockmann, HJ Beekey, MA King, TL Millard, MJ Zaldivar-Rae, J AF Smith, David R. Brockmann, H. Jane Beekey, Mark A. King, Timothy L. Millard, Michael J. Zaldivar-Rae, Jaime TI Conservation status of the American horseshoe crab, (Limulus polyphemus): a regional assessment SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Limulus polyphemus; Species status assessment; Horseshoe crab; Limulus amebocyte lysate; Xiphosurida; Living fossil ID BIOMEDICAL BLEEDING PROCESS; GRAIN-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; MALE MATING TACTICS; DELAWARE-BAY; CAPE-COD; PLEASANT BAY; NEW-JERSEY; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AB Horseshoe crabs have persisted for more than 200 million years, and fossil forms date to 450 million years ago. The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), one of four extant horseshoe crab species, is found along the Atlantic coastline of North America ranging from Alabama to Maine, USA with another distinct population on the coasts of Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo in the Yucatan Peninsula, M,xico. Although the American horseshoe crab tolerates broad environmental conditions, exploitation and habitat loss threaten the species. We assessed the conservation status of the American horseshoe crab by comprehensively reviewing available scientific information on its range, life history, genetic structure, population trends and analyses, major threats, and conservation. We structured the status assessment by six genetically-informed regions and accounted for sub-regional differences in environmental conditions, threats, and management. The transnational regions are Gulf of Maine (USA), Mid-Atlantic (USA), Southeast (USA), Florida Atlantic (USA), Northeast Gulf of M,xico (USA), and Yucatan Peninsula (M,xico). Our conclusion is that the American horseshoe crab species is vulnerable to local extirpation and that the degree and extent of risk vary among and within the regions. The risk is elevated in the Gulf of Maine region due to limited and fragmented habitat. The populations of horseshoe crabs in the Mid-Atlantic region are stable in the Delaware Bay area, and regulatory controls are in place, but the risk is elevated in the New England area as evidenced by continuing declines understood to be caused by over-harvest. The populations of horseshoe crabs in the Southeast region are stable or increasing. The populations of horseshoe crabs in the Florida Atlantic region show mixed trends among areas, and continuing population reductions at the embayment level have poorly understood causes. Within the Northeast Gulf of Mexico, causes of population trends are poorly understood and currently there is no active management of horseshoe crabs. Horseshoe crabs within M,xico have conservation protection based on limited and fragmented habitat and geographic isolation from other regions, but elevated risk applies to the horseshoe crabs in the Yucatan Peninsula region until sufficient data can confirm population stability. Future species status throughout its range will depend on the effectiveness of conservation to mitigate habitat loss and manage for sustainable harvest among and within regions. C1 [Smith, David R.; King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Brockmann, H. Jane] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Beekey, Mark A.] Sacred Heart Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fairfield, CT USA. [Millard, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA USA. [Zaldivar-Rae, Jaime] Anahuac Mayab Univ, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov NR 240 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 135 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s11160-016-9461-y PG 41 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1JA UT WOS:000394375300007 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Halstead, B Kohl, J Yarris, G AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Halstead, Brian Kohl, Jeffrey Yarris, Gregory TI Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Mortality and Recovery Rates Vary by Wing Molt Status at Time of Banding SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; banding; California; Mallard; molt; recovery; survival ID FEMALE MALLARDS; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL AB Recovery (i.e., shot, retrieved, and reported) rates and daily mortality risk of 52,330 adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) leg-banded during pre-molt, in-molt, or post-molt during 1985-2011 were evaluated to better understand mortality during wing molt in dynamics of the Mallard population in California, USA. Recovery rates and non-hunting mortality risk varied by molt status at time of banding and California region where banded. Mallards banded during post-molt were 1.22 (95% credible interval = 1.10-1.32) times more likely to be recovered than Mallards banded pre-molt; recovery probability was similar for pre-molt and in-molt Mallards. Mallards banded post-molt had 0.43 (0.17-0.98) and in-molt 0.87 (0.51-1.49) times the daily risk of non-hunting mortality as Mallards banded pre-molt. Mallards were 0.92 (0.86-0.98) times as likely to be recovered, and daily risk of non-hunting mortality was 2.93 (1.794.94) times greater, if banded in Northeastern California than in California's Central Valley. Results indicate that high mortality during the molt period, especially in Northeastern California where most Mallards that breed in California molt, might be negatively affecting recovery (and potentially annual survival) of Mallards in California. Thus, conservation programs that reduce mortality during molt could help attain the desired population size for Mallards nesting in California. C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Halstead, Brian; Kohl, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Yarris, Gregory] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Valley Joint Venture, 2800 Cottage Way W-1916, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Central Valley Joint Venture FX Almost all Mallards were banded by the California Waterfowl Association and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; banding was permitted and banding data were provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab. Molt-status information was provided by M. Carpenter, M. Wolder, D. Loughman, D. Mauser, J. Beckstrand, and D. Thomson. M. Herzog helped acquire banding data from the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab. M. Farinha and W. Perry provided data and GIS support. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Central Valley Joint Venture. M. Herzog and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. Procedures were part of a study plan approved by U.S. Geological Survey. All applicable ethical guidelines for use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EN4EM UT WOS:000395960800004 ER PT J AU Burrows, JE Cravotta, CA Peters, SC AF Burrows, Jill E. Cravotta, Charles A., III Peters, Stephen C. TI Enhanced Al and Zn removal from coal-mine drainage during rapid oxidation and precipitation of Fe oxides at near-neutral pH SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PHREEQC modeling; Fe oxidation kinetics; CO2 outgassing; Metals adsorption; Coprecipitation; Carbonate complexing ID DUCKTOWN MINING DISTRICT; FE(II) OXIDATION; DISSOLVED METALS; MANGANESE OXIDE; NET ALKALINITY; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-METALS; IRON AB Net-alkaline, anoxic coal-mine drainage containing similar to 20 mg/L Fe-II and similar to 0.05 mg/L Al and Zn was subjected to parallel batch experiments: control, aeration (Aer 1 12.6 mL/s;.Aer 2 16.8 mL/s; Aer 3 25.0 mils), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to test the hypothesis that aeration increases pH, Fell oxidation, hydrous Fe-II oxide (HFO) formation, and trace-metal removal through adsorption and coprecipitation with HFO. During 5.5-hr field experiments, pH increased from 6.4 to 6.7, 7.1, 7.6, and 8.1 for the control, Aer 1, Aer 2, and Aer 3, respectively, but decreased to 6.3 for the H2O2 treatment. Aeration accelerated removal of dissolved CO2, Fe, Al, and Zn. In Aer 3, dissolved Al was completely removed within 1 h, but increased to similar to 20% of the initial concentration after 2.5 h when pH exceeded 7.5. H2O2 promoted rapid removal of all dissolved Fe and AI, and 13% of dissolved Zn. Kinetic modeling with PHREEQC simulated effects of aeration on pH, CO2, Fe, Zn, and AL Aeration enhanced Zn adsorption by increasing pH and HFO formation while decreasing aqueous CO2 available to form ZnCOR and Zn(CO3)(2)(2-) at high pH. Al concentrations were inconsistent with solubility control by Al minerals or Al-containing HFO, but could be simulated by adsorption on HFO at pH < 7.5 and desorption at higher pH where Al(OH)4 was predominant. Thus, aeration or chemical oxidation with pH adjustment to similar to 7.5 could be effective for treating high -Fe and moderate-Zn concentrations, whereas chemical oxidation without pH adjustment may be effective for treating high-Fe and moderate-Al concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burrows, Jill E.; Peters, Stephen C.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Cravotta, Charles A., III] Pennsylvania Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Burrows, JE (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM burrowsjille@gmail.com FU USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Schuylkill Conservation District [13ENPAGELLOYC] FX The authors would like to thank the USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and the Schuylkill Conservation District for funding this project under joint-funding agreement number 13ENPAGELLOYC, and Julia Grace Klinges formerly of Haverford College and Daniel G. Galeone of USGS for assistance in the field and laboratory. Helpful reviews of an early draft of the manuscript were provided by Zoltan NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 78 BP 194 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.12.019 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM8ZC UT WOS:000395599500018 ER PT J AU Schumann, RR Zielinski, RA Otton, JK Pantea, MP Orem, WH AF Schumann, R. Randall Zielinski, Robert A. Otton, James K. Pantea, Michael P. Orem, William H. TI Uranium delivery and uptake in a montane wetland, north-central Colorado, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Wetland; Peat; Groundwater ID ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; ANTHROPOGENIC ENRICHMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PEAT PROFILES; HUMIC ACIDS; GEOCHEMISTRY; SWITZERLAND; REDUCTION; THORIUM; MATTER AB Comprehensive sampling of peat, underlying lakebed sediments, and coexisting waters of a naturally uraniferous montane wetland are combined with hydrologic measurements to define the important controls on uranium (U) supply and uptake. The major source of U to the wetland is groundwater flowing through locally fractured and faulted granite gneiss of Proterozoic age. Dissolved U concentrations in four springs and one seep ranged from 20 to 83 ppb (mu g/l). Maximum U concentrations are similar to 300 ppm (mg/kg) in lakebed sediments and >3000 ppm in peat. Uranium in lakebed sediments is primarily stratabound in the more organic-rich layers, but samples of similar organic content display variable U concentrations. Post-depositional modifications include variable addition's of U delivered by groundwater. Uranium distribution in peat is heterogeneous and primarily controlled by proximity to groundwater-fed springs and seeps that act as local point sources of U, and by proximity to groundwater directed along the peat/lakebeds contact. Uranium is initially sorbed on various organic components of peat as oxidized U(VI) present in groundwater. Selective extractions indicate that the majority of sorbed U remains as the oxidized species despite reducing conditions that should favor formation of U(IV). Possible explanations are kinetic hindrances related to strong complex formation between uranyl and humic substances, inhibition of anaerobic bacterial activity by low supply of dissolved iron and sulfate, and by cold temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schumann, R. Randall; Zielinski, Robert A.; Otton, James K.; Pantea, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Schumann, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rschumann@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 78 BP 363 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.001 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM8ZC UT WOS:000395599500034 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Rattenbury, KL Robison, HL Gorn, TS Shults, BS AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Rattenbury, Kumi L. Robison, Hillary L. Gorn, Tony S. Shults, Brad S. TI Using non-invasive mark-resight and sign occupancy surveys to monitor low-density brown bear populations across large landscapes SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Brown bear; Den survey; Landscape scale; Mark-recapture; Occupancy; Photographic marks; Population monitoring; Rare species ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; LINE-TRANSECT; CAMERA-TRAP; DNA DATA; INFERENCE; CARNIVORE; INDIA AB Reliable assessments of low-density carnivore populations such as brown bears Ursus arctos are often limited by a lack of sufficient information for strong inference at appropriate scales. Standard approaches often rely on physical marking of individuals or the use of inherently field-intensive hair-snag or distance sampling techniques. Although these tools are very useful, logistical and monetary costs often limit their successful application, particularly in large, remote areas. We developed a novel photographic mark-resight approach using physical characteristics and spatial locations of individual brown bears to temporarily mark individuals over a short revisit interval. We applied this approach along with site-occupancy techniques to evaluate a low-density brown bear population in northwestern Alaska. Based on the mark-resight approach, we estimated there were 420 [95% CrI:274-650] independent and 713 [95% CrI:474-1070] total brown bears in our 19,998 km(2) study area. When expressed as densities, these estimates were consistent with those of other low-density populations from the surrounding area. Estimated den and bear site-occupancy rates were similar, 0.48 [95% CrI:0.37-0.63] and 0.40 [95% CrI;028-0.55], respectively. Close congruence among occupancy and abundance estimates supported the robustness of our new mark-resight approach and provided additional metrics for population monitoring. Together, these parallel metrics provide a general framework for monitoring low density populations of brown bears and other rare carnivores when physical marking or intensive survey techniques are impractical. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Rattenbury, Kumi L.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Robison, Hillary L.] Natl Pk Serv, Western Arctic Natl Parklands, POB 1029, Kotzebue, AK 99752 USA. [Gorn, Tony S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, POB 1148, Nome, AK 99752 USA. [Shults, Brad S.] Natl Pk Serv, Western Arctic Natl Parklands, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Shults, Brad S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird, 1011 East Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM joshua_schmidt@nps.gov FU Western Arctic Parklands; U.S. National Park Service's Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX Funding for this project was provided by Western Arctic Parklands, the U.S. National Park Service's Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank pilots C. Cebulski, J. Cummings, J. Dau, A. Greenblatt, S. Hamilton, J. Lee, D. Sheldon, E. Sieh, and M. Wade and observers A. Ackerman, B. Dunker, L. Hughes, M. Johnson, A. Lewis, R. Nichols, B. Saito, and C. Sieh. We also thank). Lawler and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. National Park Service. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 207 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.01.005 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM8ZU UT WOS:000395601400006 ER PT J AU Cupp, AR Erickson, RA Fredricks, KT Swyers, NM Hatton, TW Amberg, JJ AF Cupp, Aaron R. Erickson, Richard A. Fredricks, Kim T. Swyers, Nicholas M. Hatton, Tyson W. Amberg, Jon J. TI Responses of invasive silver and bighead carp to a carbon dioxide barrier in outdoor ponds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ASIAN CARP; ILLINOIS RIVER; FISH; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; DETER; LAKES; SIZE; USA AB Resource managers need effective methods to prevent the movement of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) from the Mississippi River basin into the Laurentian Great Lakes. In this study, we evaluated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as a barrier and deterrent to silver (278 +/- 30.5 mm) and bighead (212 +/- 7.7 mm) carp movement in continuous-flow outdoor ponds. As a barrier, CO2 significantly reduced upstream movement but was not 100% effective at blocking fish passage. As a deterrent, we observed a significant shift away from areas of high CO2 relative to normal movement before and after injection. Carbon dioxide concentrations varied across the pond during injection and reached maximum concentrations of 74.5 +/- 1.9 mg .L-1 CO2; 29 532 -41 393 mu atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) at the site of injection during three independent trials. We conclude that CO2 altered silver and bighead carp movement in outdoor ponds and recommend further research to determine barrier effectiveness during field applications. C1 [Cupp, Aaron R.; Erickson, Richard A.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Amberg, Jon J.] Upper Mildwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Swyers, Nicholas M.; Hatton, Tyson W.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 5501A Cook-Under Road, Cook, WI 98605 USA. RP Cupp, AR (reprint author), Upper Mildwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM acupp@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW14-92404001] FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Agreement No. DW14-92404001). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0472 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000003 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Hook, TO Troy, CD Liu, WT Madenjian, CP Adams, JV AF Bunnell, David B. Hook, Tomas O. Troy, Cary D. Liu, Wentao Madenjian, Charles P. Adams, Jean V. TI Testing for synchrony in recruitment among four Lake Michigan fish species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; LARVAL YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; RAINBOW SMELT; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; WATER LEVELS AB In the Great Lakes region, multiple fish species display intraspecific spatial synchrony in recruitment success, with interannual climate variation hypothesized as the most likely driver. In Lake Michigan, we evaluated whether climatic or other physical variables could also induce spatial synchrony across multiple species, including bloater (Coregonus hoyi), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). The residuals from stock-recruitment relationships revealed yellow perch recruitment to be correlated with recruitment of both rainbow smelt (r = 0.37) and alewife (r = 0.36). Across all four species, higher than expected recruitment occurred in 5 years between 1978 and 1987 and then switched to lower than expected recruitment in 5 years between 1996 and 2004. Generalized additive models revealed warmer spring and summer water temperatures and lower wind speeds corresponded to higher than expected recruitment for the nearshorespawning species, and overall variance explained ranged from 14% (yellow perch) to 61% (alewife). For all species but rainbow smelt, higher recruitment also occurred in extremely high or low years of the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Future development of indices that describe the physical Great Lakes environment could improve understanding of how climate can synchronize fish populations within and across species. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Adams, Jean V.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Us Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hook, Tomas O.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, 374 Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 61801 USA. [Troy, Cary D.; Liu, Wentao] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Us Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission's theme on Physical Processes and Fish Recruitment in Large Lakes FX We acknowledge the hard work of previous scientists, technicians, and vessel crew in maintaining this long-term federal monitoring of Lake Michigan's fish community. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Mark Vinson and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that substantially improved this paper. This work was supported, in part, by funding provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's theme on Physical Processes and Fish Recruitment in Large Lakes. This article is Contribution 2070 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and Contribution 1631 of Purdue's Climate Change Research Center. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0534 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000004 ER PT J AU Dzul, MC Yackulic, CB Korman, J Yard, MD Muehlbauer, JD AF Dzul, M. C. Yackulic, C. B. Korman, J. Yard, M. D. Muehlbauer, J. D. TI Incorporating temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions into a somatic growth model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED HUMPBACK CHUB; COD GADUS-MORHUA; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; EXPLANATORY VARIABLES; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; JUVENILE FISH AB Evaluating environmental effects on fish growth can be challenging because environmental conditions may vary at relatively fine temporal scales compared with sampling occasions. Here we develop a Bayesian state-space growth model to evaluate effects of monthly environmental data on growth of fish that are observed less frequently (e. g., from mark-recapture data where time between captures can range from months to years). Weassess effects of temperature, turbidity, food availability, flow variability, and trout abundance on subadult humpback chub (Gila cypha) growth in two rivers, the Colorado River (CR) and the Little Colorado River (LCR), and we use out-of-sample prediction to rank competing models. Environmental covariates explained a high proportion of the variation in growth in both rivers; however, the best growth models were river-specific and included either positive temperature and turbidity duration effects (CR) or positive temperature and food availability effects (LCR). Our approach to analyzing environmental controls on growth should be applicable in other systems where environmental data vary over relatively short time scales compared with animal observations. C1 [Dzul, M. C.; Yackulic, C. B.; Yard, M. D.; Muehlbauer, J. D.] Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand canyon Montoring & Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Korman, J.] Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. RP Dzul, MC (reprint author), Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand canyon Montoring & Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mdzul@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; Bureau of Reclamation; Navajo Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Data used by this study were collected by Evan Anderson, Chelsie Arndt, Peter Atkinson, Luke Avery, Margeaux Bestard, Michael Dodrill, Colton Finch, Brandon Gehrig, Mariah Giardina, Jake Hall, Ellie Johnson, Kyle Patterson, Mike Pillow, Bill Pine, Dennis Stone, Ben Vaage, Randy Van Haverbeke, David Ward, Kirk Young, various field technicians, and volunteers. Carol Fritzinger, Seth Felder, and Dave Foster provided help with logistics. Lastly, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, Bureau of Reclamation, and Navajo Department of Fish and Wildlife helped fund this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0056 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000005 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Snook, EL Massie, DL AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Snook, Erin L. Massie, Danielle L. TI Brook trout use of thermal refugia and foraging habitat influenced by brown trout SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAM FISHES; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; MINNESOTA STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The distribution of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in eastern North America is often limited by temperature and introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta), the relative importance of which is poorly understood but critical for conservation and restoration planning. We evaluated effects of brown trout on brook trout behavior and habitat use in experimental streams across increasing temperatures (14-23 degrees C) with simulated groundwater upwelling zones providing thermal refugia (6-9 degrees C below ambient temperatures). Allopatric and sympatric trout populations increased their use of upwelling zones as ambient temperatures increased, demonstrating the importance of groundwater as thermal refugia in warming streams. Allopatric brook trout showed greater movement rates and more even spatial distributions within streams than sympatric brook trout, suggesting interference competition by brown trout for access to forage habitats located outside thermal refugia. Our results indicate that removal of introduced brown trout may facilitate native brook trout expansion and population viability in downstream reaches depending in part on the spatial configuration of groundwater upwelling zones. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.; Snook, Erin L.; Massie, Danielle L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM nhitt@usgs.gov FU USGS Chesapeake Bay Program; USGS; I.M. Systems Group, Inc FX The authors thank C. Snyder, Z. Johnson, D. Smith, S. Faulkner, D. Weller, J. Mullican, M. Morgan, J. Roach, S. Strecky, M. Hudy, S. Phillips, D. Spooner, and two anonymous reviewers for assistance with this manuscript. Fish handling protocols were approved by US Geological Survey (USGS) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee review. Funding was provided by the USGS Chesapeake Bay Program. E. Snook was supported by a USGS contract with I.M. Systems Group, Inc. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 406 EP 418 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0255 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000013 ER PT J AU Counihan, TD Bollens, SM AF Counihan, Timothy D. Bollens, Stephen M. TI Early detection monitoring for larval dreissenid mussels: how much plankton sampling is enough? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Early detection; Monitoring; Invasive species; Quagga mussel; Zebra mussel; Dreissena polymorpha; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis; Columbia River; Snake River ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; ZEBRA MUSSELS; SPECIES RICHNESS; GREAT-LAKES; WATER; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; RISK AB The development of quagga and zebra mussel (dreissenids) monitoring programs in the Pacific Northwest provides a unique opportunity to evaluate a regional invasive species detection effort early in its development. Recent studies suggest that the ecological and economic costs of a dreissenid infestation in the Pacific Northwest of the USA would be significant. Consequently, efforts are underway to monitor for the presence of dreissenids. However, assessments of whether these efforts provide for early detection are lacking. We use information collected from 2012 to 2014 to characterize the development of larval dreissenid monitoring programs in the states of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington in the context of introduction and establishment risk. We also estimate the effort needed for high-probability detection of rare planktonic taxa in four Columbia and Snake River reservoirs and assess whether the current level of effort provides for early detection. We found that the effort expended to monitor for dreissenid mussels increased substantially from 2012 to 2014, that efforts were distributed across risk categories ranging from high to very low, and that substantial gaps in our knowledge of both introduction and establishment risk exist. The estimated volume of filtered water required to fully census planktonic taxa or to provide high-probability detection of rare taxa was high for the four reservoirs examined. We conclude that the current level of effort expended does not provide for high-probability detection of larval dreissenids or other planktonic taxa when they are rare in these reservoirs. We discuss options to improve early detection capabilities. C1 [Counihan, Timothy D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Washington, WA 98605 USA. [Bollens, Stephen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Bollens, Stephen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Counihan, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Washington, WA 98605 USA. EM tcounihan@usgs.gov FU US Department of Energy/Bonneville Power Administration [00059650]; USGS [G09AC00264]; WSU FX We would like to acknowledge Glen Holmberg, Nancy Elder, John Kosovich, and Jill Hardiman of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens, Julie Zimmerman, Whitney Hassett, and Josh Emerson of Washington State University (WSU) for their assistance with various aspects of this project. Funding for this project was provided by the US Department of Energy/Bonneville Power Administration (Grant #00059650), by the USGS (Grant G09AC00264), and by additional funding provided by WSU and the USGS. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 189 IS 3 AR 98 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5737-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM0IA UT WOS:000395000800005 PM 28168527 ER PT J AU Su, G Letcher, RJ Moore, JN Williams, LL Grasman, KA AF Su, Guanyong Letcher, Robert J. Moore, Jeremy N. Williams, Lisa L. Grasman, Keith A. TI Contaminants of emerging concern in Caspian tern compared to herring gull eggs from Michigan colonies in the Great Lakes of North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Caspian terns; Herring gulls; Eggs; Laurentian Great Lakes; Flame retardants; Perfluoroalkyl substances ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; CHICKEN EMBRYONIC HEPATOCYTES; IN-VITRO BIOTRANSFORMATION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; HEPATIC-MICROSOMAL ASSAY; SITES SPANNING ATLANTIC; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs), 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 4 per fluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual Caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the U.S. State of Michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from Michigan nesting sites on Two Tree Island (St, Mary's River), Charity Reef (Saginaw Bay) and Channel-Shelter Island (a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in Saginaw Bay). The same CEC suite was determined in 10 herring gull eggs on the Pipe Island Twins in the lower St. Mary's River. In tern eggs, the order of concentrations were Sigma PFSA (mean: 793 ng/g wet weight (ww); range: 116-4690 ng/g ww) > Sigma PFCAs (131; 30.4-506 ng/g ww) approximate to Sigma PBDEs (86.7; 32.4-189 ng/g ww) >> Sigma NPHFRs (0.67; ND-4.3 ng/g ww) approximate to EOPEs (0.46; ND-2.89 ng/g ww). Compared to gull eggs collected from the same area, tern egg exposure contained significantly lower concentrations of Sigma PBDE, but with up to 10 times greater mean concentrations of Sigma PFSAs and Sigma PFCAs. This study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring in eggs of different Great Lakes birds of PBDEs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) given that: 1) PBDE concentrations in all analyzed avian eggs exceeded or approached a concentration of 29 ng/g ww, which for birds is the current Canadian FEQG (Federal Environmental Quality Guideline); 2) Sigma PBDE concentrations were comparable to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported in the literature; 3) PFOS concentrations in Caspian tern eggs were extremely high with many eggs across sites exceeding 1 ppm, and with the greatest being up to 4.7 ppm; and 4) PFEtCHxS, a potentially persistent and bioaccumulative substance, showed a detection frequency of 100% in 40 of the analyzed eggs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Su, Guanyong; Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada Natl Wildlife Re, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Moore, Jeremy N.; Williams, Lisa L.] East Lansing Ecol Serv Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI USA. [Grasman, Keith A.] Dept Biol, Calvin Coll, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada Natl Wildlife Re, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM robert.letcher@canada.ca RI Su, Guanyong/A-7747-2017 FU United States Depai Liiient of the Interior; Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Financial support for this project was from the United States Depai Liiient of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service via funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. Environment and Climate Change Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; to R.J. Letcher) also provided supplemental funding. The collection of the herring gull and Caspian tern eggs at the U.S. colony sites was carried out by Keith A. Grasman of Calvin College and David Best (retired) of USFWS. We thank David Blair and Luke Periard in the Letcher Lab/ OCRL in the NWRC at Carleton University for the FR and PFAS sample analyses. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 222 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.061 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5OJ UT WOS:000395360900020 PM 28089466 ER PT J AU Day, NK Hall, RO AF Day, Natalie K. Hall, Robert O., Jr. TI Ammonium uptake kinetics and nitrification in mountain streams SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrification; ammonium uptake; TASCC; streams; nitrate uptake ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; INORGANIC NITROGEN; HEADWATER STREAMS; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITRATE UPTAKE; NO3-UPTAKE; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION AB Human activities have increased the availability and distribution of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in the biosphere. Streams can remove some of this excess DIN, but in-stream uptake pathways of NO3- and NH4+ can be sensitive to the concentration of DIN. DIN uptake kinetics (i.e., changes in uptake in response to changes in concentration) are used to predict how streams will respond to increased DIN. This concentration-uptake relationship is unclear for NH4+ because of complex interactions governing uptake, including the influence of dissimilatory processes (i.e., nitrification) on total uptake. We used sequential pulse additions of NO3- and NH4+ to investigate DIN uptake in 3 subalpine streams in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Mass removal rates (U; mu g m(-2) min(-1)) of NO3- were higher than NH4+, but NH4+ had greater uptake rate relative to concentration (vf; mm/ min). We used a new method of estimating nitrification that accounts for concomitant NH4+ uptake and found that 7 to 19% of the NH4+ added was nitrified immediately. We used the Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization (TASCC) method to quantify ambient spiraling parameters and to parameterize kinetic models for NH4+ by following changes in whole-reach uptake in response to short-term NH4+ additions. Relationships between NH4+ concentration and v(f) were consistent within, but not among, streams. The relationship between v(f) and NH4+ concentration followed an efficiency-loss model for 2 streams, in which vf decreased exponentially with NH4+ concentration. v(f) increased with NH4+ concentration in 1 stream on 2 separate occasions. Different NH4+ uptake kinetics across streams indicate site-specific variation in processes controlling uptake and that some streams may accommodate increasing NH4+ concentrations by increasing uptake. C1 [Day, Natalie K.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Day, Natalie K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Day, NK (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Day, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM nataliekateday@gmail.com; bhall@uwyo.edu FU NSF [DEB-1146283] FX We thank Brady Kohler, Sam Carlson, and Hilary Madinger for helping with field work. Brady Kohler, Carl Legleiter, Annika Walters, Keeley McNeill, and 2 anonymous referees provided useful comments on earlier drafts. NSF supported this work through grant DEB-1146283. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1086/690600 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500004 ER PT J AU Laske, SM Rosenberger, AE Kane, WJ Wipfli, MS Zimmerman, CE AF Laske, Sarah M. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Kane, William J. Wipfli, Mark S. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Top-down control of invertebrates by Ninespine Stickleback in Arctic ponds SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ninespine Stickleback; top-down; food webs; predation; addition experiment; Arctic ID RIVER FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH PREDATION; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; TROPHIC CASCADES; ALPINE LAKE; ZOOPLANKTON; TERRESTRIAL; PLANKTON AB Despite their widespread presence in northern-latitude ecosystems, the ecological role of Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius is not well understood. Ninespine Stickleback can occupy both top and intermediate trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems, so their role in food webs as a predator on invertebrates and as a forage fish for upper level consumers probably is substantial. We introduced Ninespine Sticklebacks to fishless ponds to elucidate their potential effects as a predator on invertebrate communities in Arctic lentic freshwaters. We hypothesized that Ninespine Stickleback would affect freshwater invertebrate communities in a top-down manner. We predicted that the addition of Ninespine Sticklebacks to fishless ponds would: 1) reduce invertebrate taxonomic richness, 2) decrease overall invertebrate abundance, 3) reduce invertebrate biomass, and 4) decrease average invertebrate body size. We tested our hypothesis at 2 locations by adding Ninespine Stickleback to isolated ponds and compared invertebrate communities over time between fish-addition and fishless control ponds. Nine spine Sticklebacks exerted strong top-down pressure on invertebrate communities mainly by changing invertebrate taxonomic richness and biomass and, to a lesser extent, abundance and average invertebrate size. Our results supported the hypothesis that Ninespine Stickleback may help shape lentic food webs in the Arctic. Key words: Ninespine Stickleback, top-down, food webs, predation, addition experiment, Arctic C1 [Laske, Sarah M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Laske, Sarah M.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kane, William J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Laske, SM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Laske, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM slaske@usgs.gov; rosenbergera@missouri.edu; william.kane@outlook.com; mwipfli@alaska.edu; czimmerman@usgs.gov FU Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative of the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX We thank C. Bishop, R. Dorendorf, and C. Johnson for their assistance in the field and laboratory, and T. Fondell, K. Gurney, J. Schmutz, T. Shoemaker, and B. Uher-Koch for providing logistical support. We thank D. Verbyla for support during project conception, and the staff of the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, the Institute of Arctic Biology, and the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Academics Office. We thank P. Westley for providing comments on an early stage of this manuscript, and 2 anonymous referees for their thoughtful feedback. This study was funded through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative of the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. Work was performed under University of Alaska Fairbanks Institutional Animal Care and Use protocol 233290 and with Fish Transport Permits, 12A-0109 and 13A-0039, issued by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 124 EP 137 DI 10.1086/690675 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500011 ER PT J AU Ward, AS Kelleher, CA Mason, SJK Wagener, T McIntyre, N McGlynn, B Runkel, RL Payn, RA AF Ward, Adam S. Kelleher, Christa A. Mason, Seth J. K. Wagener, Thorsten McIntyre, Neil McGlynn, Brian Runkel, Robert L. Payn, Robert A. TI A software tool to assess uncertainty in transient-storage model parameters using Monte Carlo simulations SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solute transport; inverse modeling; tracer; transient storage; hyporheic zone; parameter estimation; OTIS; MCAT; OTIS-MCAT ID STREAM SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SURFACE-WATER INTERACTIONS; SANTA-CLARA COUNTY; COBBLE-BED STREAM; MASS-TRANSFER; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; RIFFLE STREAM; UVAS CREEK AB Researchers and practitioners alike often need to understand and characterize how water and solutes move through a stream in terms of the relative importance of in-stream and near-stream storage and transport processes. In-channel and subsurface storage processes are highly variable in space and time and difficult to measure. Storage estimates are commonly obtained using transient-storage models (TSMs) of the experimentally obtained solute-tracer test data. The TSM equations represent key transport and storage processes with a suite of numerical parameters. Parameter values are estimated via inverse modeling, in which parameter values are iteratively changed until model simulations closely match observed solute-tracer data. Several investigators have shown that TSM parameter estimates can be highly uncertain. When this is the case, parameter values cannot be used reliably to interpret stream-reach functioning. However, authors of most TSM studies do not evaluate or report parameter certainty. Here, we present a software tool linked to the One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model that enables researchers to conduct uncertainty analyses via Monte-Carlo parameter sampling and to visualize uncertainty and sensitivity results. We demonstrate application of our tool to 2 case studies and compare our results to output obtained from more traditional implementation of the OTIS model. We conclude by suggesting best practices for transient-storage modeling and recommend that future applications of TSMs include assessments of parameter certainty to support comparisons and more reliable interpretations of transport processes. C1 [Ward, Adam S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kelleher, Christa A.; McGlynn, Brian] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kelleher, Christa A.] Syracuse Univ, Earth Sci & Civil Engn Dept, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Mason, Seth J. K.] Lot Hydrol LLC, POB 1524, Carbondale, CO 81623 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Wagener, Thorsten] Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1UJ, Avon, England. [McIntyre, Neil] Univ Queensland, Ctr Water Minerals Ind, Sustainable Minerals Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Bldg 6, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Payn, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Payn, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Montana Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Ward, AS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM adamward@indiana.edu; ckellehe@syr.edu; seth@Iotichydrological.com; thorsten.wagener@bristol.ac.uk; n.mcintyre@uq.edu.au; brian.mcglynn@duke.edu; runkel@usgs.gov; rpayn@montana.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 1331906]; NSF [EAR 1505309]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2013-67019-21365]; Lilly Endowment, Inc. through Indiana University (IU) Pervasive Technology Institute; Indiana METACyt Initiative; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX A portion of ASW's time was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. EAR 1331906, by NSF Grant No. EAR 1505309, and by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grant No. 2013-67019-21365. This research was also supported in part by Lilly Endowment, Inc., through its support for the Indiana University (IU) Pervasive Technology Institute, and in part by the Indiana METACyt Initiative. The Indiana METACyt Initiative at IU is also supported in part by Lilly Endowment, Inc. RLR was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, or the authors' institutions. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 195 EP 217 DI 10.1086/690444 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500016 ER PT J AU Lorenz, JM Qi, HP Coplen, TB AF Lorenz, Jennifer M. Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. TI Antarctic Ice-Core Water (USGS49) - A New Isotopic Reference Material for delta H-2 and delta O-18 Measurements of Water SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxygen isotope; hydrogen isotope; quality assurance; quality control ID LONG-TERM ACCURACY; RATIO ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN; SPECTROMETERS; PRECISION; OXYGEN; GAS AB As a result of the scarcity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution has been prepared from ice-core water from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS49, was filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of USGS49 are -394.7 +/- 0.4 and -50.55 +/- 0.04mUr (where mUr=0.001=parts per thousand), respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalised such that the delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, -428 and -55.5mUr. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U=2u(c)) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95% probability of encompassing the true value. This isotopic reference material is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. It is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules or as a set of sixteen glass ampoules containing 5ml of water in each ampoule. C1 [Lorenz, Jennifer M.; Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lorenz, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlorenz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX Great appreciation is given to the Division of Polar Programs of the U.S. National Science Foundation for collecting ice-core water from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. We thank Anita Aerts-Bijma and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved this manuscript. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was authored as part of the contributors' official duties as employees of the United States government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. law. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 EI 1751-908X J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 41 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1111/ggr.12135 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM0LJ UT WOS:000395009500004 ER PT J AU Gibson, PP Mills, MA Kraus, JM Walters, DM AF Gibson, Polly P. Mills, Marc A. Kraus, Johanna M. Walters, David M. TI A Modeling Approach to Compare Sigma PCB Concentrations between Congener-Specific Analyses SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Congener-based analysis; Great Lakes Areas of Concern; Manistique River and Harbor; PCBs; Remedy effectiveness monitoring ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; FISH; SEDIMENTS; TRENDS; RIVER; PROFILES; PATTERNS; MICHIGAN AB Changes in analytical methods over time pose problems for assessing long-term trends in environmental contamination by PCBs. Congener-specific analyses vary widely in the number and identity of the 209 distinct PCB chemical configurations (congeners) that are quantified, leading to inconsistencies among summed PCB concentrations (Sigma PCB) reported by different studies. Here, we present a modeling approach using linear regression to compare Sigma PCB concentrations derived from different congener-specific analyses measuring different co-eluting groups. The approach can be used to develop a specific conversion model between any 2 sets of congener-specific analytical data from similar samples (similar matrix and geographic origin). We demonstrate the method by developing a conversion model for an example data set that includes data from 2 different analytical methods, a low resolution method quantifying 119 congeners and a high resolution method quantifying all 209 congeners. We used the model to show that the 119-congener set captured most (93%) of the total PCB concentration (i.e., Sigma 209PCB) in sediment and biological samples. Sigma PCB concentrations estimated using the model closely matched measured values (mean relative percent difference=9.6). General applications of the modeling approach include 1) generating comparable Sigma PCB concentrations for samples that were analyzed for different congener sets; and 2) estimating the proportional contribution of different congener sets to Sigma PCB. This approach may be especially valuable for enabling comparison of long-term remediation monitoring results even as analytical methods change over time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:227-232. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gibson, Polly P.; Kraus, Johanna M.; Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant FX We thank A Mucha and S Cieniawski for contributing to different aspects of this project including study design and additional contractor support. This project was funded by a US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant to DMW. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1002/ieam.1821 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400001 PM 27427154 ER PT J AU Coady, KK Biever, RC Denslow, ND Gross, M Guiney, PD Holbech, H Karouna-Renier, NK Katsiadaki, I Krueger, H Levine, SL Maack, G Williams, M Wolf, JC Ankley, GT AF Coady, Katherine K. Biever, Ronald C. Denslow, Nancy D. Gross, Melanie Guiney, Patrick D. Holbech, Henrik Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Katsiadaki, Ioanna Krueger, Hank Levine, Steven L. Maack, Gerd Williams, Mike Wolf, Jeffrey C. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Current Limitations and Recommendations to Improve Testing for the Environmental Assessment of Endocrine Active Substances SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Risk and hazard assessment; Endocrine disruption; High-throughput assays; Regulatory tests ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; FATHEAD MINNOW; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; FISH REPRODUCTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SCREENING ASSAYS; ZEBRAFISH AB In the present study, existing regulatory frameworks and test systems for assessing potential endocrine active chemicals are described, and associated challenges are discussed, along with proposed approaches to address these challenges. Regulatory frameworks vary somewhat across geographies, but all basically evaluate whether a chemical possesses endocrine activity and whether this activity can result in adverse outcomes either to humans or to the environment. Current test systems include in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques focused on detecting potential endocrine activity, and in vivo tests that collect apical data to detect possible adverse effects. These test systems are currently designed to robustly assess endocrine activity and/or adverse effects in the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways; however, there are some limitations of current test systems for evaluating endocrine hazard and risk. These limitations include a lack of certainty regarding: 1) adequately sensitive species and life stages; 2) mechanistic endpoints that are diagnostic for endocrine pathways of concern; and 3) the linkage between mechanistic responses and apical, adverse outcomes. Furthermore, some existing test methods are resource intensive with regard to time, cost, and use of animals. However, based on recent experiences, there are opportunities to improve approaches to and guidance for existing test methods and to reduce uncertainty. For example, in vitro high-throughput screening could be used to prioritize chemicals for testing and provide insights as to the most appropriate assays for characterizing hazard and risk. Other recommendations include adding endpoints for elucidating connections between mechanistic effects and adverse outcomes, identifying potentially sensitive taxa for which test methods currently do not exist, and addressing key endocrine pathways of possible concern in addition to those associated with estrogen, androgen, and thyroid signaling. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:302-316. (C) 2016 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Coady, Katherine K.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Biever, Ronald C.] Smithers Viscient Labs, Wareham, MA USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gross, Melanie] Wca, Faringdon, England. [Guiney, Patrick D.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Holbech, Henrik] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, Odense M, Denmark. [Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Katsiadaki, Ioanna] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Krueger, Hank] Wildlife Int, Div EAG Labs, Easton, MD USA. [Levine, Steven L.] Monsanto Co, Global Regulatory Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Maack, Gerd] German Environm Agcy, Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Williams, Mike] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs, Sterling, VA USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Duluth, MN USA. RP Coady, KK (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM kcoady@dow.com RI Williams, Mike/I-1724-2013 NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 302 EP 316 DI 10.1002/ieam.1862 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400008 PM 27791330 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Sample, BE AF Beyer, W. Nelson Sample, Bradley E. TI An Evaluation of Inorganic Toxicity Reference Values for Use in Assessing Hazards to American Robins (Turdus migratorius) SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Toxicity reference value; Metals; Screening; Soil ID LEAD CONTAMINATION; JAPANESE QUAIL; MALLARD DUCKS; DIETARY LEAD; SOIL; EXPOSURE; WILDLIFE; EARTHWORMS; SONGBIRDS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB When performing screening-level and baseline risk assessments, assessors usually compare estimated exposures of wildlife receptor species with toxicity reference values (TRVs). We modeled the exposure of American robins (Turdus migratorius) to 10 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn, and V) in spring and early summer, a time when earthworms are the preferred prey. We calculated soil benchmarks associated with possible toxic effects to these robins from 6 sets of published TRVs. Several of the resulting soil screening-level benchmarks were inconsistent with each other and less than soil background concentrations. Accordingly, we examined the derivations of the TRVs as a possible source of error. In the case of V, a particularly toxic chemical compound (ammonium vanadate) containing V, not normally present in soil, had been used to estimate a TRV. In the cases of Zn and Cu, use of uncertainty values of 10 in estimating TRVs led to implausibly low soil screening values. In the case of Pb, a TRV was calculated from studies demonstrating reductions in egg production in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to Pb concentrations well below than those causing toxic effects in other species of birds. The results on quail, which were replicated in additional trials, are probably not applicable to other, unrelated species, although we acknowledge that only a small fraction of all species of birds has been tested. These examples underscore the importance of understanding the derivation and relevance of TRVs before selecting them for use in screening or in ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:352-359. (C) 2016 SETAC C1 [Beyer, W. Nelson] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. [Sample, Bradley E.] Ecol Risk, Rancho Murieta, CA USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. EM nbeyer@USGS.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1002/ieam.1792 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400012 PM 27155981 ER PT J AU Pausas, JG Keeley, JE Schwilk, DW AF Pausas, Juli G. Keeley, Jon E. Schwilk, Dylan W. TI Flammability as an ecological and evolutionary driver SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fire-prone ecosystems; flammability dimensions; plant flammability strategies; scale ID FIRE ECOLOGY; BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; ENHANCE FLAMMABILITY; PLANT TRAITS; LEAF-LITTER; SAVANNA; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASS; THRESHOLDS AB We live on a flammable planet yet there is little consensus on the origin and evolution of flammability in our flora. We argue that part of the problem lies in the concept of flammability, which should not be viewed as a single quantitative trait or metric. Rather, we propose that flammability has three major dimensions that are not necessarily correlated: ignitability, heat release and fire spread rate. These major axes of variation are controlled by different plant traits and have differing ecological impacts during fire. At the individual plant scale, these traits define three flammability strategies observed in fire-prone ecosystems: the non-flammable, the fast-flammable and the hot-flammable strategy (with low ignitability, high flame spread rate and high heat release, respectively). These strategies increase the survival or reproduction under recurrent fires, and thus, plants in fire-prone ecosystems benefit from acquiring one of them; they represent different (alternative) ways to live under recurrent fires. Synthesis. This novel framework based on different flammability strategies helps us to understand variability in flammability across scales, and provides a basis for further research. C1 [Pausas, Juli G.] CIDE CSIC, Ctra Naquera Km 4-5 IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), CIDE CSIC, Ctra Naquera Km 4-5 IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. EM juli.g.pausas@uv.es FU Spanish Government [CGL2012-39938-C02-01, CGL2015-64086-P]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2016/021] FX This work was performed under the framework of the TREVOL and FILAS project (CGL2012-39938-C02-01, CGL2015-64086-P) from the Spanish Government and the PROMETEO/2016/021 project from Generalitat Valenciana. We thank W. Bond for comments on an early idea of this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 105 IS 2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12691 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL4JH UT WOS:000394587000001 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Dorazio, RM Butterfield, JSS Meigs-Friend, G Nico, LG Ferrante, JA AF Hunter, Margaret E. Dorazio, Robert M. Butterfield, John S. S. Meigs-Friend, Gaia Nico, Leo G. Ferrante, Jason A. TI Detection limits of quantitative and digital PCR assays and their influence in presence-absence surveys of environmental DNA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE aquatic invasive species; Asian carp; biological invasion; DNA-based monitoring; eDNA; false positive; GMO detection; limit of detection; low-concentration DNA analysis; occupancy model; rare mutant detection ID REAL-TIME PCR; GUIDELINES MINIMUM INFORMATION; EDNA; TOOL; WATER; APPLICABILITY; PUBLICATION; SENSITIVITY; EXTRACTION; OCCUPANCY AB A set of universal guidelines is needed to determine the limit of detection (LOD) in PCR-based analyses of low-concentration DNA. In particular, environmental DNA (eDNA) studies require sensitive and reliable methods to detect rare and cryptic species through shed genetic material in environmental samples. Current strategies for assessing detection limits of eDNA are either too stringent or subjective, possibly resulting in biased estimates of species' presence. Here, a conservative LOD analysis grounded in analytical chemistry is proposed to correct for overestimated DNA concentrations predominantly caused by the concentration plateau, a nonlinear relationship between expected and measured DNA concentrations. We have used statistical criteria to establish formal mathematical models for both quantitative and droplet digital PCR. To assess the method, a new Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) TaqMan assay was developed and tested on both PCR platforms using eDNA in water samples. The LOD adjustment reduced Grass Carp occupancy and detection estimates while increasing uncertainty-indicating that caution needs to be applied to eDNA data without LOD correction. Compared to quantitative PCR, digital PCR had higher occurrence estimates due to increased sensitivity and dilution of inhibitors at low concentrations. Without accurate LOD correction, species occurrence and detection probabilities based on eDNA estimates are prone to a source of bias that cannot be reduced by an increase in sample size or PCR replicates. Other applications also could benefit from a standardized LOD such as GMO food analysis and forensic and clinical diagnostics. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.; Dorazio, Robert M.; Butterfield, John S. S.; Meigs-Friend, Gaia; Nico, Leo G.; Ferrante, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov FU USGS Science Support Partnership and Invasive Species Program FX We would like to thank Dr. Michelle Davis and Amelia Ulmer for their help in the laboratory, and anonymous reviewers. This project was funded in part by USGS Science Support Partnership and Invasive Species Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12619 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EL8OR UT WOS:000394880100010 PM 27768244 ER PT J AU Ringelman, KM Eadie, JM Ackerman, JT Sih, A Loughman, DL Yarris, GS Oldenburger, SL McLandress, MR AF Ringelman, Kevin M. Eadie, John M. Ackerman, Joshua T. Sih, Andrew Loughman, Daniel L. Yarris, Gregory S. Oldenburger, Shaun L. McLandress, M. Robert TI Spatiotemporal patterns of duck nest density and predation risk: a multi-scale analysis of 18 years and more than 10 000 nests SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SITE FIDELITY; PUBLIC INFORMATION; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; EVOLUTIONARY TRAPS; WATERFOWL; MALLARDS; CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR AB Many avian species are behaviorally-plastic in selecting nest sites, and may shift to new locations or habitats following an unsuccessful breeding attempt. If there is predictable spatial variation in predation risk, the process of many individuals using prior experience to adaptively change nest sites may scale up to create shifting patterns of nest density at a population level. We used 18 years of waterfowl nesting data to assess whether there were areas of consistently high or low predation risk, and whether low-risk areas increased, and high-risk areas decreased in nest density the following year. We created kernel density maps of successful and unsuccessful nests in consecutive years and found no correlation in predation risk and no evidence for adaptive shifts, although nest density was correlated between years. We also examined between-year correlations in nest density and nest success at three smaller spatial scales: individual nesting fields (10-28 ha), 16-ha grid cells and 4-ha grid cells. Here, results were similar across all scales: we found no evidence for year-to-year correlation in nest success but found strong evidence that nest density was correlated between years, and areas of high nest success increased in nest density the following year. Prior research in this system has demonstrated that areas of high nest density have higher nest success, and taken together, our results suggest that ducks may adaptively select nest sites based on the local density of conspecifics, rather than the physical location of last year's nest. In unpredictable environments, current cues, such as the presence of active conspecific nests, may be especially useful in selecting nest sites. The cues birds use to select breeding locations and successfully avoid predators deserve continued attention, especially in systems of conservation concern. C1 [Ringelman, Kevin M.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Eadie, John M.; Oldenburger, Shaun L.; McLandress, M. Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oldenburger, Shaun L.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, San Marcos, TX USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. [Sih, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Loughman, Daniel L.; Yarris, Gregory S.; McLandress, M. Robert] Calif Waterfowl Assoc, Roseville, CA USA. [Yarris, Gregory S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Valley Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Ringelman, KM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kringelman@agcenter.lsu.edu FU NSF-GRFP; Delta Waterfowl Association; Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithological Research; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment FX This project was also funded by the NSF-GRFP, Delta Waterfowl Association, Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithological Research, and the Dennis G. Raveling Endowment. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2017 VL 126 IS 3 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.1111/oik.03728 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM0WC UT WOS:000395037400003 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Maestas, JD Pyke, DA Boyd, CS Pellant, M Wuenschel, A AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Maestas, Jeremy D. Pyke, David A. Boyd, Chad S. Pellant, Mike Wuenschel, Amarina TI Using Resilience and Resistance Concepts to Manage Persistent Threats to Sagebrush Ecosystems and Greater Sage-grouse SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conifer expansion; conservation; invasive annual grasses; population persistence; soil temperature/moisture regimes; wildfire ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSITION MODELS; SPATIAL RESILIENCE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; ANNUAL GRASSES; BIG SAGEBRUSH; STATE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES AB Conservation of imperiled species often demands addressing a complex suite of threats that undermine species viability. Regulatory approaches, such as the US Endangered Species Act (1973), tend to focus on anthropogenic threats through adoption of policies and regulatory mechanisms. However, persistent ecosystem-based threats, such as invasive species and altered disturbance regimes, remain critical issues for most at-risk species considered to be conservation-reliant. We describe an approach for addressing persistent ecosystem threats to at-risk species based on ecological resilience and resistance concepts that is currently being used to conserve greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and sagebrush ecosystems. The approach links biophysical indicators of ecosystem resilience and resistance with species-specific population and habitat requisites in a risk-based framework to identify priority areas for management and guide allocation of resources to manage persistent ecosystem-based threats. US federal land management and natural resource agencies have adopted this framework as a foundation for prioritizing sage-grouse conservation resources and determining effective restoration and management strategies. Because threats and strategies to address them cross-cut program areas, an integrated approach that includes wildland fire operations, postfire rehabilitation, fuels management, and habitat restoration is being used. We believe this approach is applicable to species conservation in other largely intact ecosystems with persistent, ecosystem-based threats. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89509 USA. [Maestas, Jeremy D.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boyd, Chad S.] US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Pellant, Mike] USDI, Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Wuenschel, Amarina] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Reg Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89509 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 70 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.005 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5TQ UT WOS:000395376700001 ER PT J AU Albert, JS Schoolmaster, DR Tagliacollo, V Duke-Sylvester, SM AF Albert, James S. Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. Tagliacollo, Victor Duke-Sylvester, Scott M. TI Barrier Displacement on a Neutral Landscape: Toward a Theory of Continental Biogeography SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diversification; extinction; geodispersal; macroevolution; river capture; vicariance ID RANGE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SPECIES RICHNESS; ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ANDEAN UPLIFT; RIVER CAPTURE; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERSIFICATION RATES; BIODIVERSITY DYNAMICS AB Macroevolutionary theory posits three processes leading to lineage diversification and the formation of regional biotas: dispersal (species geographic range expansion), speciation (species lineage splitting), and extinction (species lineage termination). The Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB) predicts species richness values using just two of these processes; dispersal and extinction. Yetmost species on Earth live on continents or continental shelves, and the dynamics of evolutionary diversification at regional and continental scales are qualitatively different from those that govern the formation of species richness on biogeographic islands. Certain geomorphological processes operating perennially on continental platforms displace barriers to gene flow and organismal dispersal, and affect all three terms of macroevolutionary diversification. For example, uplift of a dissected landscape and river capture both merge and separate portions of adjacent areas, allowing dispersal and larger geographic ranges, vicariant speciation and smaller geographic ranges, and extinction when range sizes are subdivided below a minimum persistence threshold. The TIB also does not predict many biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns widely observed in continentally distributed taxa, including: (i) power function-like species-area relationships; (ii) log-normal distribution of species geographic range sizes, in which most species have restricted ranges (are endemic) and few species have broad ranges (are cosmopolitan); (iii) mid-domain effects withmore species toward the geographic center, and more early-branching, species-poor clades toward the geographic periphery; (iv) exponential rates of net diversification with log-linear accumulation of lineages through geological time; and (v) power function-like relationships between species-richness and clade diversity, in which most clades are species-poor and few clades are species-rich. Current theory does not provide a robust mechanistic framework to connect these seemingly disparate patterns. Here we present SEAMLESS (Spatially Explicit Area Model of Landscape Evolution by SimulationS) that generates clade diversification by moving geographic barriers on a continuous, neutral landscape. SEAMLESS is a neutral Landscape Evolution Model (LEM) that treats species and barriers as functionally equivalent with respect to model parameters. SEAMLESS differs from other model based biogeographic methods (e.g., Lagrange, GeoSSE, BayArea, and BioGeoBEARS) by modeling properties of dispersal barriers rather than areas, and by modeling the evolution of species lineages on a continuous landscape, rather than the evolution of geographic ranges along branches of a phylogeny. SEAMLESS shows how dispersal is required to maintain species richness and avoid clade-wide extinction, demonstrates that ancestral range size does not predict species richness, and provides a unified explanation for the suite of commonly observed biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns listed above. SEAMLESS explains how a simple barrier-displacement mechanism affects lineage diversification under neutral conditions, and is advanced here toward the formulation of a general theory of continental biogeography. C1 [Albert, James S.; Duke-Sylvester, Scott M.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 104 E Univ Circle, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, WARC, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Tagliacollo, Victor] Univ Fed Tocantins, Ave NS 15,109 Norte Palmas, BR-77001090 Tocantins, Brazil. RP Albert, JS (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 104 E Univ Circle, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. EM jalbert@louisiana.edu FU United States National Science Foundation [DEB 0614334, 0741450, 1354511]; Louisiana Education Quality Support Fund [2011-14-RD-A-27] FX This work was supported by United States National Science Foundation DEB 0614334, 0741450 and 1354511 to J.S.A., and the Louisiana Education Quality Support Fund 2011-14-RD-A-27 to S.M.D.-S. NR 176 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 66 IS 2 SI SI BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syw080 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EP9OV UT WOS:000397703800005 PM 27590192 ER PT J AU Whelan, NV Halanych, KM AF Whelan, Nathan V. Halanych, Kenneth M. TI Who Let the CAT Out of the Bag? Accurately Dealing with Substitutional Heterogeneity in Phylogenomic Analyses SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data partitioning; phylogenomics; simulation; site-heterogeneity; substitution models ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DATA SETS; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; PARTITIONING SCHEMES; SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY; MIXTURE-MODELS; RESOLUTION; INFERENCE AB As phylogenetic datasets have increased in size, site-heterogeneous substitution models such as CAT-F81 and CAT-GTR have been advocated in favor of other models because they purportedly suppress long-branch attraction (LBA). These models are two of the most commonly used models in phylogenomics, and they have been applied to a variety of taxa, ranging from Drosophila to land plants. However, many arguments in favor of CAT models have been based on tenuous assumptions about the true phylogeny, rather than rigorous testing with known trees via simulation. Moreover, CAT models have not been compared to other approaches for handling substitutional heterogeneity such as data partitioning with site-homogeneous substitution models. We simulated amino acid sequence datasets with substitutional heterogeneity on a variety of tree shapes including those susceptible to LBA. Data were analyzed with both CAT models and partitioning to explore model performance; in total over 670,000 CPU hours were used, of which over 97% was spent running analyses with CAT models. In many cases, all models recovered branching patterns that were identical to the known tree. However, CAT-F81 consistently performed worse than other models in inferring the correct branching patterns, and both CAT models often overestimated substitutional heterogeneity. Additionally, reanalysis of two empirical metazoan datasets supports the notion that CAT-F81 tends to recover less accurate trees than data partitioning and CAT-GTR. Given these results, we conclude that partitioning and CAT-GTR perform similarly in recovering accurate branching patterns. However, computation time can be orders of magnitude less for data partitioning, with commonly used implementations of CAT-GTR often failing to reach completion in a reasonable time frame (i.e., for Bayesian analyses to converge). Practices such as removing constant sites and parsimony uninformative characters, or using CAT-F81 when CAT-GTR is deemed too computationally expensive, cannot be logically justified. Given clear problems with CAT-F81, phylogenies previously inferred with this model should be reassessed. C1 [Whelan, Nathan V.; Halanych, Kenneth M.] Auburn Univ, Molette Biol Lab Environm & Climate Change Studie, Dept Biol Sci, 101 Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Whelan, NV (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, 5308 Spring ST, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM nathan_whelan@fws.gov FU US National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA-NNX13AJ31G]; Alabama Supercomputer Authority FX This work was made possible in part by a grant of high-performance computing resources and technical support from the Alabama Supercomputer Authority and was supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA-NNX13AJ31G). NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 66 IS 2 SI SI BP 232 EP 255 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syw084 PG 24 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EP9OV UT WOS:000397703800010 PM 27633354 ER PT J AU Pepper, MA Herrmann, V Hines, JE Nichols, JD Kendrot, SR AF Pepper, Margaret A. Herrmann, Valentine Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Kendrot, Stephen R. TI Evaluation of nutria (Myocastor coypus) detection methods in Maryland, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Detection probability; Invasive species; Maryland; Nutria ID MANAGEMENT; RAFTS; TRAP AB Nutria (Myocaster coypus), invasive, semi-aquatic rodents native to South America, were introduced into Maryland near Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR) in 1943. Irruptive population growth, expansion, and destructive feeding habits resulted in the destruction of thousands of acres of emergent marshes at and surrounding BNWR. In 2002, a partnership of federal, state and private entities initiated an eradication campaign to protect remaining wetlands from further damage and facilitate the restoration of coastal wetlands throughout the Chesapeake Bay region. Program staff removed nearly 14,000 nutria from five infested watersheds in a systematic trapping and hunting program between 2002 and 2014. As part of ongoing surveillance activities, the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project uses a variety of tools to detect and remove nutria. Project staff developed a floating raft, or monitoring platform, to determine site occupancy. These platforms are placed along waterways and checked periodically for evidence of nutria visitation. We evaluated the effectiveness of monitoring platforms and three associated detection methods: hair snares, presence of scat, and trail cameras. Our objectives were to (1) determine if platform placement on land or water influenced nutria visitation rates, (2) determine if the presence of hair snares influenced visitation rates, and (3) determine method-specific detection probabilities. Our analyses indicated that platforms placed on land were 1.5-3.0 times more likely to be visited than those placed in water and that platforms without snares were an estimated 1.7-3.7 times more likely to be visited than those with snares. Although the presence of snares appears to have discouraged visitation, seasonal variation may confound interpretation of these results. Scat was the least effective method of determining nutria visitation, while hair snares were as effective as cameras. Estimated detection probabilities provided by occupancy modeling were 0.73 for hair snares, 0.71 for cameras and 0.40 for scat. We recommend the use of hair snares on monitoring platforms as they are the most cost-effective and reliable detection method available at this time. Future research should focus on determining the cause for the observed decrease in nutria visits after snares were applied. C1 [Pepper, Margaret A.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, 2145 Key Wallace Dr, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Herrmann, Valentine] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kendrot, Stephen R.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 87, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Pepper, MA (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, 2145 Key Wallace Dr, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM Margaret.A.Pepper@aphis.usda.gov FU Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project FX We greatly appreciate the help and support from our colleagues at the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project. We thank the Nutria Management team, Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge and in particular Kevin Sullivan, Steven Schwartz, Bryson Webber, William Wilmoth and Robert Colona for their help and guidance with this research. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2017 VL 19 IS 3 BP 831 EP 841 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1312-1 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CY UT WOS:000394152700008 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, RP Drost, CA Mock, KE AF O'Donnell, Ryan P. Drost, Charles A. Mock, Karen E. TI Cryptic invasion of Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) across phylogeographic boundaries and a dilemma for conservation of a declining amphibian SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Cryptic invasion; Population genetics; Lithobates pipiens; Northern Leopard Frog; Introgression ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; INTROGRESSION; COMPLEX; DISEQUILIBRIUM; HYBRIDIZATION; DENDROBATIDIS AB Anthropogenic introduction of species is a major contributor to loss of biodiversity. Translocations within the range of a species are less frequently recognized, but have the potential for negative effects as well. Genetic mixing may lead to loss of local adaptations or further decline through outbreeding depression. These cryptic invasions may be quite difficult to recognize, but genetic tools can be used to recognize and monitor such intraspecific introductions. Conversely, translocations within species can be an important conservation tool to reduce inbreeding depression and replace lost genetic diversity. Thus, cryptic invasions can be either an aid or a hindrance to conservation efforts. We tested for the presence of non-native genotypes and assessed the extent and nature of introgression in populations of Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) in the southwestern US, where populations have declined to a few remnant populations. The most abundant and diverse complex of populations in the region contained a mitochondrial haplotype that was not native to the western US, probably resulting from the introduction of released pets, laboratory animals, or release during fish stocking. These non-native haplotypes were well integrated into a large complex of ponds and lakes, contributing to high genetic diversity in this area. Logistically, the geographic extent of non-native genetic influence within this population precludes eliminating or controlling the non-native component of this population. We recommend assessing the progress and fate of the introgression over time-along with population fitness parameters-to determine whether this introduction is beneficial or detrimental to population persistence. Meanwhile, translocations from nearby locations with similar environmental conditions have the best prospects for avoiding problems with outbreeding depression in other declining populations and will also most effectively preserve regional genetic diversity. C1 [Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources & Ecol Ctr, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Drost, Charles A.] Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, S Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.; Drost, Charles A.; Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.; Drost, Charles A.; Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Drost, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM rodonnell@azgfd.gov FU Heritage Fund Program of the Arizona Game and Fish Department; Utah State University College of Science FX Funding for this work was provided by the Heritage Fund Program of the Arizona Game and Fish Department. A Willard L. Eccles Graduate Fellowship from the Utah State University College of Science provided partial support for Ryan O'Donnell. Lisa Gelczis, Caleb Loughran, A. J. Monatesti, Dan Groebner, Diana Kimberling, Susan MacVean, and Oliver Hyman collected genetic samples. Susan MacVean of the Arizona Game and Fish Department provided assistance, advice, and insights. Jer Pin Chong, Catherine M. Culumber, and Jay Baker contributed to laboratory work. Tara Fulton and Greg Wilson of the University of Alberta provided access to primers and unpublished data. Preliminary portions of this manuscript were published as part of a peer-reviewed US Geological Survey Open-File Report, number 2011-1186. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2017 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1320-1 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CY UT WOS:000394152700022 ER PT J AU Beudin, A Kalra, TS Ganju, NK Warner, JC AF Beudin, Alexis Kalra, Tarandeep S. Ganju, Neil K. Warner, John C. TI Development of a coupled wave-flow-vegetation interaction model SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Flexible aquatic vegetation; Coastal hydrodynamics; Numerical modeling ID SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; AQUATIC VEGETATION; STORM-SURGE; SCALE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; DISSIPATION; ATTENUATION; REGIONS; LAYER AB Emergent and submerged vegetation can significantly affect coastal hydrodynamics. However, most deterministic numerical models do not take into account their influence on currents, waves, and turbulence. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a wave-flow-vegetation module into a Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system that includes a flow model (ROMS) and a wave model (SWAN), and illustrate various interacting processes using an idealized shallow basin application. The flow model has been modified to include plant posture-dependent three-dimensional drag, in-canopy wave-induced streaming, and production of turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy to parameterize vertical mixing. The coupling framework has been updated to exchange vegetation-related variables between the flow model and the wave model to account for wave energy dissipation due to vegetation. This study i) demonstrates the validity of the plant posture-dependent drag parameterization against field measurements, ii) shows that the model is capable of reproducing the mean and turbulent flow field in the presence of vegetation as compared to various laboratory experiments, iii) provides insight into the flow-vegetation interaction through an analysis of the terms in the momentum balance, iv) describes the influence of a submerged vegetation patch on tidal currents and waves separately and combined, and v) proposes future directions for research and development. C1 [Beudin, Alexis; Kalra, Tarandeep S.; Ganju, Neil K.; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov FU Department of Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program [GS2-2D] FX This study was part of the Estuarine Physical Response to Storms project (GS2-2D), supported by the Department of Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program. This paper benefitted from discussions with Alfredo Aretxabaleta, Dan Nowacki and Heidi Nepf, and from the internal review of Jessica Lacy. The model in its current state (COAWST v3.2) is freely available (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/modeling/COAWST/index.html) and model development is being conducted as an open-source community effort. We encourage feedback that will continue to add features and make the model more robust as the community of users and developers grows. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 100 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.12.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA EK6WU UT WOS:000394067500008 ER PT J AU Villegas, JC Law, DJ Stark, SC Minor, DM Breshears, DD Saleska, SR Swann, ALS Garcia, ES Bella, EM Morton, JM Cobb, NS Barron-Gafford, GA Litvak, ME Kolb, TE AF Camilo Villegas, Juan Law, Darin J. Stark, Scott C. Minor, David M. Breshears, David D. Saleska, Scott R. Swann, Abigail L. S. Garcia, Elizabeth S. Bella, Elizabeth M. Morton, John M. Cobb, Neil S. Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Litvak, Marcy E. Kolb, Thomas E. TI Prototype campaign assessment of disturbance-induced tree loss effects on surface properties for atmospheric modeling SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE albedo; energy balance; tree die-off; vegetation disturbance; vegetation structure ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENAI PENINSULA; FORESTS; DROUGHT; RADIATION; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACT; CARBON; ALASKA; FIRE AB Changes in large-scale vegetation structure triggered by processes such as deforestation, wildfires, and tree die-off alter surface structure, energy balance, and associated albedo-all critical for land surface models. Characterizing these properties usually requires long-term data, precluding characterization of rapid vegetation changes such as those increasingly occurring in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the characterization of rapid events is limited and only possible in a few specific areas. We use a campaign approach to characterize surface properties associated with vegetation structure. In our approach, a profiling LiDAR and hemispherical image analyses quantify vegetation structure and a portable mast instrumented with a net radiometer, wind-humidity-temperature stations in a vertical profile, and soil temperature-heat flux characterize surface properties. We illustrate the application of our approach in two forest types (boreal and semiarid) with disturbance-induced tree loss. Our prototype characterizes major structural changes associated with tree loss, changes in vertical wind profiles, surface roughness energy balance partitioning, a proxy for NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), and albedo. Multi-day albedo estimates, which differed between control and disturbed areas, were similar to tower-based multiyear characterizations, highlighting the utility and potential of the campaign approach. Our prototype provides general characterization of surface and boundary-layer properties relevant for land surface models, strategically enabling preliminary characterization of rapid vegetation disturbance events. C1 [Camilo Villegas, Juan] Univ Antioquia, Escuela Ambiental, Grp GIGA, Apartado Aereo 1226, Medellin, Colombia. [Camilo Villegas, Juan; Law, Darin J.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stark, Scott C.; Minor, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Breshears, David D.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.; Garcia, Elizabeth S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.] AECOM, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Cobb, Neil S.; Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Litvak, Marcy E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Villegas, JC (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Escuela Ambiental, Grp GIGA, Apartado Aereo 1226, Medellin, Colombia.; Villegas, JC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM camilo.villegas@udea.edu.co FU NSF [EF-1340624, EF-1340649, EF-1340604, EF-1550641, EF-1550686, EF-1550756]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad Universidad de Antioquia; North American Carbon Program/USDA CREES NRI [2004-35111-15057, 2008-3510119076]; Science Foundation Arizona [CAA 0-20308] FX This work was supported primarily through NSF EF-1340624, EF-1340649, and EF-1340604; additional support was provided by Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, and Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 20142015 Universidad de Antioquia. Additional support provided by NSF EF-1550641, EF-1550686, EF-1550756. Data for the northern Arizona sites were funded from grants from the North American Carbon Program/USDA CREES NRI (2004-35111-15057 and 2008-3510119076) and Science Foundation Arizona (CAA 0-20308) to T. Kolb at Northern Arizona University. We thank James T. Randerson for data on Alaska boreal forest, obtained directly from Ameriflux database. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01698 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1698 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400040 ER PT J AU Culp, LA Cohen, EB Scarpignato, AL Thogmartin, WE Marra, PP AF Culp, Leah A. Cohen, Emily B. Scarpignato, Amy L. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Marra, Peter P. TI Full annual cycle climate change vulnerability assessment for migratory birds SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; annual cycle; climate change exposure; climate change vulnerability; climate sensitivity; migratory birds; migratory connectivity; non-breeding season ID SPRING MIGRATION; BREEDING ORIGINS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MIGRANT BIRDS; GLOBAL CHANGE; SONGBIRD; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; RAINFALL; CONNECTIVITY AB Climate change is a serious challenge faced by all plant and animal species. Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are one method to assess risk and are increasingly used as a tool to inform management plans. Migratory animals move across regions and continents during their annual cycles where they are exposed to diverse climatic conditions. Climate change during any period and in any region of the annual cycle could influence survival, reproduction, or the cues used to optimize timing of migration. Therefore, CCVAs for migratory animals best estimate risk when they include climate exposure during the entire annual cycle. We developed a CCVA incorporating the full annual cycle and applied this method to 46 species of migratory birds breeding in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes (UMGL) region of the United States. Our methodology included background risk, climate change exposure x climate sensitivity, adaptive capacity to climate change, and indirect effects of climate change. We compiled information about migratory connectivity between breeding and stationary non-breeding areas using literature searches and U. S. Geological Survey banding and re-encounter data. Climate change exposure (temperature and moisture) was assessed using UMGL breeding season climate and winter climate from non-breeding regions for each species. Where possible, we focused on non-breeding regions known to be linked through migratory connectivity. We ranked 10 species as highly vulnerable to climate change and two as having low vulnerability. The remaining 34 species were ranked as moderately vulnerable. In general, including non-breeding data provided more robust results that were highly individualistic by species. Two species were found to be highly vulnerable throughout their annual cycle. Projected drying will have the greatest effect during the non-breeding season for species overwintering in Mexico and the Caribbean. Projected temperature increases will have the greatest effect during the breeding season in UMGL as well as during the non-breeding season for species overwintering in South America. We provide a model for adaptive management of migratory animals in the face of projected climate change, including identification of priority species, research needs, and regions within non-breeding ranges for potential conservation partnerships. C1 [Culp, Leah A.; Cohen, Emily B.; Scarpignato, Amy L.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Culp, LA (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM culpla@yahoo.com FU Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Division of Migratory Birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the Division of Migratory Birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We also thank Kim Hall (The Nature Conservancy), Sue Haig (U.S. Geological Service), Jeff Hostetler (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), Bruce Peterjohn (U.S. Geological Service), Brandt Ryder (Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center), Stacy Small-Lorenz (Environmental Defense Fund), John Sauer (U.S. Geological Service), Scott Sillett (Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center), and Tom Will (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01565 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1565 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400007 ER PT J AU Dunham, K Grand, JB AF Dunham, Kylee Grand, James B. TI Evaluating models of population process in a threatened population of Steller's eiders: a retrospective approach SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bayesian; conservation; sequential importance sampling; state-space models; threatened species ID WILD ANIMAL POPULATIONS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; POLYSTICTA-STELLERI; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; ALASKA PENINSULA; DYNAMICS MODELS; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; SITE FIDELITY; COMMON EIDERS; INFERENCE AB The Alaskan breeding population of Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1997 in response to declines in abundance and a contraction in their breeding and nesting range. Aerial surveys suggest the breeding population is small and breeds in highly variable numbers, with zero birds counted in five of the last 25 years. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate competing population process models of Alaskan breeding Steller's eiders through comparison of model projections to aerial survey data. To evaluate model efficacy and estimate demographic parameters, we used a Bayesian state-space modeling framework and fit each model to counts from the annual aerial surveys using sequential importance sampling/resampling. The results strongly support that the Alaskan breeding population experiences population-level non-breeding events, and is open to exchange with the larger Russian-Pacific breeding population. Current recovery criteria for the Alaskan breeding population rely heavily on the ability to estimate population viability. Our results provide an informative model of population process that can be used to examine future population states and assess the population in terms of the current recovery and reclassification criteria. C1 [Dunham, Kylee] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dunham, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kzd0024@auburn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Region-Fairbanks Field Office and Migratory Bird Management; ALCFWRU; Auburn University FX We would like to thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Region-Fairbanks Field Office and Migratory Bird Management, ALCFWRU, and Auburn University for project funding. More specifically, we thank Ted Swem, Kate Martin, Julian Fischer, Tuula Hollmen, and David Safine for their assistance in procuring funding. In addition to anonymous reviewers, we would like to thank James Nichols, Mevin Hooten, and Abby Powell of the USGS for their helpful review and comments on this manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01720 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1720 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400009 ER PT J AU Faist, AM Herrick, JE Belnap, J Van Zee, JW Barger, NN AF Faist, Akasha M. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Belnap, Jayne Van Zee, Justin W. Barger, Nichole N. TI Biological soil crust and disturbance controls on surface hydrology in a semi-arid ecosystem SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; disturbance event; drylands; rainfall simulation; runoff; sediment loss; soil surface ID TRAMPLING DISTURBANCE; AGGREGATE STABILITY; MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; CRYPTOGAM COVER; WATER EROSION; MOJAVE DESERT; NEGEV DESERT; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; RANGELAND AB Biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) play an important role in surface hydrologic processes in dryland ecosystems and can be dramatically altered with soil surface disturbance. In this study, through a simulated rainfall experiment, we examined biocrust hydrologic responses to disturbance (trampling and scraping) at different developmental stages on sandy soils on the Colorado Plateau. Our results showed that all disturbance treatments of the early-successional light cyanobacterial biocrusts reduced runoff after 10 min of cumulative rainfall. Scraped and scraped + trampled treatments also reduced runoff after 30 min in the light biocrust when compared to the intact controls but runoff in the trampling treatments was not significantly reduced. Light biocrust sediment loss trended toward a decrease in total amount of sediment lost in all disturbance treatments but not significantly so. In contrast, trampling welldeveloped dark cyano-lichen biocrusts demonstrated an opposite response than the less-developed light biocrusts and increased runoff after 30 min of cumulative rainfall and in total sediment loss relative to intact controls. Scraping in dark crusts did not increase runoff, implying that soil aggregate structure was important to the infiltration process. Well-developed, intact dark biocrusts generally had lower runoff and sediment loss and highest aggregate stability, whereas the less-developed light biocrusts were highest in runoff and sediment loss after disturbance when compared to the controls. These results suggest the importance of maintaining the well-developed dark biocrusts, as they are beneficial for lowering runoff and reducing soil loss and redistribution on the landscape. These data also suggest that upslope patches of light biocrust may either support water transport to downslope vegetation patches or alternatively this runoff may place dark biocrust patches at risk of disruption and loss, given that light patches increase runoff and thus soil erosion potential. C1 [Faist, Akasha M.; Barger, Nichole N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Van Zee, Justin W.] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Faist, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM akasha.faist@colorado.edu FU Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund; USGS Ecosystems program FX We would like to thank Keith Crossland, Dave Wirth, Brandon Stevens, and Heath Powers for help in the field. We would also like to thank Bernadette Graham for running samples for chlorophyll a analysis, Sue Phillips for crew and data management, and Mike Duniway for his helpful comments during the implementation and writeup of this project. This work was generously supported by a grant to Nichole Barger from the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund. Jayne Belnap was supported by the USGS Ecosystems program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01691 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1691 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400018 ER PT J AU Sherwood, JA Debinski, DM Caragea, PC Germino, MJ AF Sherwood, J. A. Debinski, D. M. Caragea, P. C. Germino, M. J. TI Effects of experimentally reduced snowpack and passive warming on montane meadow plant phenology and floral resources SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Balsamorhiza sagittata; climate change; Eriogonum umbellatum; montane meadows; phenology; snowpack ID SUB-ALPINE MEADOW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FROST; ACCLIMATION AB Climate change can have a broad range of effects on ecosystems and organisms, and early responses may include shifts in vegetation phenology and productivity that may not coincide with the energetics and forage timing of higher trophic levels. We evaluated phenology, annual height growth, and foliar frost responses of forbs to a factorial experiment of snow removal (SR) and warming in a high-elevation meadow over two years in the Rocky Mountains, United States. Species included arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata, early-season emergence and flowering) and buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum, semiwoody and late-season flowering), key forbs for pollinator and nectar-using animal communities that are widely distributed and locally abundant in western North America. Snow removal exerted stronger effects than did warming, and advanced phenology differently for each species. Specifically, SR advanced greenup by a few days for B. sagittata to > 2 wk in E. umbellatum, and led to 5- to 11-d advances in flowering of B. sagittata in one year and advances in bud break in 3 of 4 species/yr combinations. Snow removal increased height of E. umbellatum appreciably (similar to 5 cm added to similar to 22.8 cm in control), but led to substantial increases in frost damage to flowers of B. sagittata. Whereas warming had no effects on E. umbellatum, it increased heights of B. sagittata by > 6 cm (compared to 30.7 cm in control plots) and moreover led to appreciable reductions in frost damage to flowers. These data suggest that timing of snowmelt, which is highly variable from year to year but is advancing in recent decades, has a greater impact on these critical phenological, growth, and floral survival traits and floral/nectar resources than warming per se, although warming mitigated early effects of SR on frost kill of flowers. Given the short growing season of these species, the shifts could cause uncoupling in nectar availability and timing of foraging. C1 [Sherwood, J. A.; Debinski, D. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Caragea, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Germino, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Debinski, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM debinski@iastate.edu FU Decagon Devices; Xerces Society; Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; ISU EEOB Department; University of Wyoming NPS Research Station; Idaho NSF EPSCoR [EPS 0814387] FX This research was supported by grants from Decagon Devices, the Xerces Society, the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, ISU EEOB Department, and the University of Wyoming NPS Research Station. Funding was also provided by Idaho NSF EPSCoR (EPS 0814387). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. A very special thanks go to K. McCloskey, J. Brengle, I. Waldron, K. Kindscher, and those who assisted with the field studies throughout the years: D. Nelson, J.J. Sherwood, C. Gause, A. Taylor, M. Kyer, A. Binder, K. Szcodronski, and J. Pink. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01745 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1745 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400037 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Binder, TR Tucker, TR Menzies, J Eyles, N Janssen, J Muir, AM Esselman, PC Wattrus, NJ Krueger, CC AF Riley, Stephen C. Binder, Thomas R. Tucker, Taaja R. Menzies, John Eyles, Nick Janssen, John Muir, Andrew M. Esselman, Peter C. Wattrus, Nigel J. Krueger, Charles C. TI Islands in the ice stream: were spawning habitats for native salmonids in the Great Lakes created by paleo-ice streams? SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Cisco; drumlin; glaciation; lake trout; lake whitefish; spawning habitat ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; IN-SITU INCUBATION; EGG DEPOSITION; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; NORTHERN LAKE; FISH COMMUNITIES; CHINOOK SALMON; HURON; ONTARIO AB Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and cisco Coregonus artedi are salmonid fishes native to the Laurentian Great Lakes that spawn on rocky substrates in the fall and early winter. After comparing the locations of spawning habitat for these species in the main basin of Lake Huron with surficial substrates and the hypothesized locations of fast-flowing Late Wisconsinan paleo-ice streams, we hypothesize that much of the spawning habitat for these species in Lake Huron is the result of deposition and erosion by paleo-ice streams. This hypothesis may represent a new framework for the identification and protection of spawning habitat for these native species, some of which are currently rare or extirpated in some of the Great Lakes. We further suggest that paleo-ice streams may have been responsible for the creation of native salmonid spawning habitat elsewhere in the Great Lakes and in other glaciated landscapes. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.; Tucker, Taaja R.; Esselman, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Binder, Thomas R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Tucker, Taaja R.] CSS Dynamac, 10301 Democracy Lane,Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Menzies, John] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Eyles, Nick] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Janssen, John] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wattrus, Nigel J.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, 2205 E 5th St,Res Lab Bldg 215, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Wattrus, Nigel J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2205 E 5th St,Res Lab Bldg 215, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [GL 00E23010]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL 00E23010). N. Evles wishes to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding. The use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is Contribution 2046 of the USGS Great lakes Science Center, Contribution 23 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (GLATOS) and Contribution 2 of the Society for Trout and Glacier Research (STAGR). NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1111/faf.12173 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EP3QA UT WOS:000397295600011 ER PT J AU Semlitsch, RD Walls, SC Barichivich, WJ O'Donnell, KM AF Semlitsch, Raymond D. Walls, Susan C. Barichivich, William J. O'Donnell, Katherine M. TI Extinction Debt as a Driver of Amphibian Declines: An Example with Imperiled Flatwoods Salamanders SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE; AMBYSTOMA-CINGULATUM; POPULATION DECLINES; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; BIODIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; WETLAND; PERSISTENCE AB A comprehensive view of population declines and their underlying causes is necessary to reverse species loss. Historically, in many cases, a narrow view may have allowed species declines to continue, virtually undetected, for long periods of time (perhaps even decades). We suggest that extinction debt is likely responsible for numerous (perhaps most) amphibian declines and that this perspective should be incorporated into the structure of amphibian research and management. Extinction debt, originally proposed to explain changes in species richness following environmental disturbance, also may refer to the proportion of populations of an individual species that is expected to eventually be lost because of habitat change. A conservation framework to address extinction debt focuses research on threats at the individual, population, and metapopulation levels. This approach will help enhance, restore, and protect specific processes and habitats at the proper scale by directing management to the most vulnerable level and stage of a species. We illustrate this approach using Flatwoods Salamanders, Ambystoma cingulatum and Ambystoma bishopi, which occurred historically throughout the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States but have experienced a greater than 85% loss of populations in recent years. Reversal of these losses is possible only if conservation and recovery efforts encompass individual, population, and metapopulation levels. We illustrate our framework by outlining actions that could be taken at each of these levels to help guide conservation and management of amphibians with complex life cycles and provide options for how to prioritize conservation actions in the face of logistical and budgetary shortfalls. C1 [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 212 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Walls, Susan C.; Barichivich, William J.; O'Donnell, Katherine M.] Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI O'Donnell, Katherine/0000-0001-9023-174X FU DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2155] FX SCW, WJB, and KMO are grateful that RDS expressed his concern about the decline of Flatwoods Salamanders and, in so doing, catalyzed what has become an active, multipartner effort to recover these species. Progress toward recovery would not be where it is today had he not provided the motivation and leadership for these efforts. We thank the participants of the 2013 Flatwoods Salamander Working Group meeting for stimulating some of the ideas and background used in this paper and A. Messerman and J. Mitchell for comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We are grateful to the following for sharing locality data: J. Beane, R. Brandon, R. Brown, K. Buhlmann, N. Castleberry, M. Danaher, D. Dickey, K. Enge, M. Gibson, T. Gorman, C. Guyer, J. Holling, J. Jensen, K. Krysko, J. Macey, L. McBrayer, J. Mott, J. Palis, N. Pasco, A. Resetar, G. Schneider, L. Smith, and A. Yellin. Illustrations of Flatwoods Salamander eggs and the juvenile/adult in Figure 2 were adapted from photographs by P. Hill. This study was funded by the DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (RC-2155). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution number 552 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 51 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1670/16-090 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EK3AF UT WOS:000393797600003 ER PT J AU Lamb, JY Waddle, JH Qualls, CP AF Lamb, Jennifer Y. Waddle, J. Hardin Qualls, Carl P. TI Estimating Occurrence and Detection Probabilities for Stream-Breeding Salamanders in the Gulf Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; UNITED-STATES; DECLINES; DROUGHT; FORESTS; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; HYDROLOGY AB Large gaps exist in our knowledge of the ecology of stream-breeding plethodontid salamanders in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Data describing where these salamanders are likely to occur along environmental gradients, as well as their likelihood of detection, are important for the prevention and management of amphibian declines. We used presence/absence data from leaf litter bag surveys and a hierarchical Bayesian multispecies single-season occupancy model to estimate the occurrence of five species of plethodontids across reaches in headwater streams in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Average detection probabilities were high (range = 0.432-0.942) and unaffected by sampling covariates specific to the use of litter bags (i. e., bag submergence, sampling season, in-stream cover). Estimates of occurrence probabilities differed substantially between species (range = 0.092-0.703) and were influenced by the size of the upstream drainage area and by the maximum proportion of the reach that dried. The effects of these two factors were not equivalent across species. Our results demonstrate that hierarchical multispecies models successfully estimate occurrence parameters for both rare and common streambreeding plethodontids. The resulting models clarify how species are distributed within stream networks, and they provide baseline values that will be useful in evaluating the conservation statuses of plethodontid species within lotic systems in the Gulf Coastal Plain. C1 [Lamb, Jennifer Y.; Qualls, Carl P.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, 118 Coll Dr 5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Lamb, JY (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, 118 Coll Dr 5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM Jennifer.Lamb@eagles.usm.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement [G10AC00689]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship [0940712]; NSF "Molecules to Muscles'' GK-12 Fellowship Award through the University of Southern Mississippi [0947944] FX This work was funded by a U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement (#G10AC00689) and the following grants to JYL: a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 0940712 and an NSF "Molecules to Muscles'' GK-12 Fellowship Award No. 0947944 through the University of Southern Mississippi. We thank L. McCoy, S. Necaise, A. LeVine, and A. Heaton for their assistance in the field. We also thank J. Schaefer, M. Davis, and W. Fields for their input regarding biologically relevant covariates and B. R. Kreiser, B. Morris, and two anonymous reviewers for their editorial assistance. Scientific collection permits were provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (Permits 0728121 and 100213). All work was conducted in accordance with the appropriate institutional animal care guidelines (Permit 11061301). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 554 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 51 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1670/16-050 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EK3AF UT WOS:000393797600014 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Baruch-Mordo, S Patterson, LA Nicot, JP Entrekin, SA Fargione, JE Kiesecker, JM Konschnik, KE Ryan, JN Trainor, AM Saiers, JE Wiseman, HJ AF Maloney, Kelly O. Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Patterson, Lauren A. Nicot, Jean-Philippe Entrekin, Sally A. Fargione, Joseph E. Kiesecker, Joseph M. Konschnik, Kate E. Ryan, Joseph N. Trainor, Anne M. Saiers, James E. Wiseman, Hannah J. TI Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the US SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Shale oil and gas; Hydraulic fracturing; Extraction; Spill rates; Wells Colorado New Mexico; North Dakota; Pennsylvania; Setback regulations ID MARCELLUS SHALE; WEST-VIRGINIA; NATURAL-GAS; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; IMPACTS; KNOWLEDGE; DISPOSAL AB Extraction of oil and gas from unconventional sources, such as shale, has dramatically increased over the past ten years, raising the potential for spills or releases of chemicals, waste materials, and oil and gas. We analyzed spill data associated with unconventional wells from Colorado, New Mexico, Ndrth Dakota and Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2014, where we defined unconventional wells as horizontally drilled into an unconventional formation. We identified materials spilled by state and for each material we summarized frequency, volumes and spill rates. We evaluated the environmental risk of spills by calculating distance to the nearest stream and compared these distances to existing setback regulations. Finally, we summarized relative importance to drinking water in watersheds where spills occurred. Across all four states, we identified 21,300 unconventional wells and 6622 reportedsheds where spills occurred. Across all four states, we identified 21,300 unconventional wells and 6622 reported spills. The number of horizontal well bores increased sharply beginning in the late 2000s; spill rates alsoincreased for all states except PA where the rate initially increased, reached a maximum in 2009 and then decreased. Wastewater, crude oil, drilling waste, and hydraulic fracturing fluid were the materials most often spilled; spilled volumes of these materials largely ranged from 100 to 10,000 L. Across all states, the average distance of spills to a stream was highest in New Mexico (1379 m), followed by Colorado (747 m), North Dakota (598 m) and then Pennsylvania (268 m), and 7.0, 133, and 20.4% of spills occurred within existing surface water setback regulations of 30.5, 61.0, and 91.4 m, respectively. Pennsylvania spills occurred in watersheds with a higher relative importance to drinking water than the other three states. Results from this study can inform risk assessments by providing improved input parameters on volume and rates of materials spilled, and guide regulations and the management policy of spills. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Baruch-Mordo, Sharon; Kiesecker, Joseph M.] Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E Mt Ave,Suite 201, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Patterson, Lauren A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2111 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nicot, Jean-Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Entrekin, Sally A.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Fargione, Joseph E.] Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Pkwy,Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Konschnik, Kate E.] Harvard Law Sch, Environm Policy Initiat, 4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 607, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trainor, Anne M.] Nature Conservancy, Africa Program, 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Saiers, James E.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Wiseman, Hannah J.] Florida State Univ, Coll Law, 425 W Jefferson St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program; National Science Foundation Sustainability Research Network program [CBET-1240584] FX We thank the various state agencies who have made their oil and gas spill data publically available and the staff at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis who assisted with data scraping. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Adam Benthem of the USGS whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. This work resulted from the SNAPP: Science for Nature and People Partnership Impacts of hydraulic fracturing on water quantity and quality Working Group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Support for Kelly Maloney was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program. Anne Trainor also thanks The Nature Conservancy's NatureNet Science Fellows program. J.-P. Nicot also thanks the database provider IHS (http://www.ihs.com) for access to the Enerdeq database. Joseph Ryan acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation Sustainability Research Network program (CBET-1240584). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 581 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv2016.12.142 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5AZ UT WOS:000394635300035 PM 28043701 ER PT J AU Boyd, ES Yu, RQ Barkay, T Hamilton, TL Baxter, BK Naftz, DL Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Boyd, Eric S. Yu, Ri-Qing Barkay, Tamar Hamilton, Trinity L. Baxter, Bonnie K. Naftz, David L. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI Effect of salinity on mercury methylating benthic microbes and their activities in Great Salt Lake, Utah SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Sulfate reducing bacteria; Desulfobacterium; Methylation; Hypersaline; Biogeochemistry ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; USA; IRON AB Surface water and biota from Great Salt Lake (GSL) contain some of the highest documented concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the United States. In order to identify potential biological sources of MeHg and controls on its production in this ecosystem, THg and MeHg concentrations, rates of Hg(II)-methylation and MeHg degradation, and abundances and compositions of archaeal and bacterial 16 rRNA gene transcripts were determined in sediment along a salinity gradient in GSL. Rates of Hg(II)-methylation were inversely correlated with salinity and were at or below the limits of detection in sediment sampled from areas with hypersaline surface water. The highest rates of Hg(II)-methylation were' measured in sediment with low porewater salinity, suggesting that benthic microbial communities inhabiting less saline environments are supplying the majority of MeHg in the GSL ecosystem. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene transcripts affiliated with the sulfate reducer Desulfobacterium sp. was positively correlated with MeHg Concentrations and Hg(II)methylation rates in sediment, indicating a potential role for this taxon in Hg(II)-methylation in low salinity areas of GSL. Reactive inorganic Hg(II) (a proxy used for Hg(II) available for methylation) and MeHg concentrations were inversely correlated with salinity. Thus, constraints imposed by salinity on Hg(II)-methylating populations and the availability of Hg(II) for methylation are inferred to result in higher MeHg production potentials in lower salinity environments. Benthic microbial MeHg degradation was also most active in lower salinity environments. Collectively, these results suggest an important role for sediment anoxia and microbial sulfate reducers in the production of MeHg in low salinity GSL sub-habitats and may indicate a role for salinity in constraining Hg(II)-methylation and MeHg degradation activities by influencing the availability of Hg(II) for methylation. C1 [Boyd, Eric S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 173520, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Yu, Ri-Qing; Barkay, Tamar] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hamilton, Trinity L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Baxter, Bonnie K.] Westminster Coll, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yu, Ri-Qing] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Boyd, ES (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 173520, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM eboyd@montana.edu FU Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands FX This project was supported by a grant to DLN and MMD and a grant to ESB, TB, and BLB, both from the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 581 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.157 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5AZ UT WOS:000394635300046 PM 28057343 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Batt, AL Benson, R Boone, JS Conerly, O Donohue, MJ King, DN Kostich, MS Mash, HE Pfaller, SL Schenck, KM Simmons, JE Varughese, EA Vesper, SJ Villegas, EN Wilson, VS AF Glassmeyer, Susan T. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Batt, Angela L. Benson, Robert Boone, J. Scott Conerly, Octavia Donohue, Maura J. King, Dawn N. Kostich, Mitchell S. Mash, Heath E. Pfaller, Stacy L. Schenck, Kathleen M. Simmons, Jane Ellen Varughese, Eunice A. Vesper, Stephen J. Villegas, Eric N. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Microorganisms; Contaminants of emerging concern; Drinking water; Source water ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WASTE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE PCR; TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE-WATER; ENVIRONMENT AB When chemical or microbial contaminants are assessed for potential effect or possible regulation in ambient and drinking waters, a critical first step is determining if the contaminants occur and if they are at concentrations that may cause human or ecological health concerns. To this end, source and treated drinking water samples from 29 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) were analyzed as part of a two-phase study to determine whether chemical and microbial constituents, many of which are considered contaminants of emerging concern, were detectable in the waters. Of the 84 chemicals monitored in the 9 Phase I DWTPs, 27 were detected at least once in the source water, and 21 were detected at least once in treated drinking water. In Phase II, which was a broader and more comprehensive assessment, 247 chemical and microbial analytes were measured in 25 DVVTPs, with 148 detected at least once in the source water, and 121 detected at least once in the treated drinking water. The frequency of detection was often related to the analyte's contaminant class, as pharmaceuticals and anthropogenic waste indicators tended to be infrequently detected and more easily removed during treatment, while per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic constituents were both more frequently detected and, overall, more resistant to treatment. The data collected as part of this project will be used to help inform evaluation of unregulated contaminants in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glassmeyer, Susan T.; Batt, Angela L.; Donohue, Maura J.; King, Dawn N.; Kostich, Mitchell S.; Mash, Heath E.; Pfaller, Stacy L.; Schenck, Kathleen M.; Varughese, Eunice A.; Vesper, Stephen J.; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] USGS, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] USGS, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269 Fed Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Benson, Robert] US EPA, Reg 8,1595 Wynkoop St,Mail Code 8P-W, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Conerly, Octavia] US EPA, Off Water Off Sci & Technol, William Jefferson Clinton Bldg,1200 Penn Av, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] Mississippi State Chem Lab, 1145 Hand Lab,310 Presidents Cr,POB CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; batt.angela@epa.gov; benson.bob@epa.gov; sboone@mscl.msstate.edu; conerly.octavia@epa.gov; donohue.maura@epa.gov; king.dawn@epa.gov; kostich.mitchell@epa.gov; mash.heath@epa.gov; pfaller.stacy@epa.gov; Schenck.kathleen@epa.gov; simmonsjane@epa.gov; varughese.eunice@epa.gov; vesper.stephen@epa.gov; villegas.eric@epa.gov; wilson.vickie@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement [DW14922330]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention; Information Collection Rule [2346.01, 2080-0078] FX The research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the U.S. Geological Survey, and through programmatic support of the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under EPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This document has been reviewed in accordance with USEPA and USGS policy and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. Any use of trades firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USEPA, the USGS, or the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank all participating drinking water treatment plants for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. The authors would also like to thank the following personnel for sample and data analysis assistance: Steve Werner, Steve Zaugg, Mary Noriega, Richard Miltner, Bing Guan, Craig Vigo, Tripp Boone, Christian Byrne, Joseph Ferrario, Nicola Evans, Justin Conley, Laura Rosenblum, Michael Ware, Megan Vogel, Robert Flick, William Sander, Nichole Brinkman, Emily Anneken, and Scott Keely. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 581 BP 909 EP 922 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenV2016.12.004 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5AZ UT WOS:000394635300090 PM 28024752 ER PT J AU Sprague, LA Oelsner, GP Argue, DM AF Sprague, Lori A. Oelsner, Gretchen P. Argue, Denise M. TI Challenges with secondary use of multi-source water-quality data in the United States SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Water quality; Nutrients; Data; Metadata AB Combining water-quality data from multiple sources can help counterbalance diminishing resources for stream monitoring in the United States and lead to important regional and national insights that would not otherwise be possible. Individual monitoring organizations understand their own data very well, but issues can arise when their data are combined with data from other organizations that have used different methods for reporting the same common metadata elements. Such use of multi-source data is termed "secondary use"-the use of data beyond the original intent determined by the organization that collected the data. In this study, we surveyed more than 25 million nutrient records collected by 488 organizations in the United States since 1899 to identify major inconsistencies in metadata elements that limit the secondary use of multi-source data. Nearly 14.5 million of these records had missing or ambiguous information for one or more key metadata elements, including (in decreasing order of records affected) sample fraction, chemical form, parameter name, units of measurement, precise numerical value, and remark codes. As a result, metadata harmonization to make secondary use of these multi source data will be time consuming, expensive, and inexact. Different data users may make different assumptions about the same ambiguous data, potentially resulting in different conclusions about important environmental issues. The value of these ambiguous data is estimated at $US12 billion, a substantial collective investment by water-resource organizations in the United States. By comparison, the value of unambiguous data is estimated at $US8.2 billion. The ambiguous data could be preserved for uses beyond the original intent by developing and implementing standardized metadata practices for future and legacy water-quality data throughout the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sprague, Lori A.] Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Bldg 53,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Oelsner, Gretchen P.] US Geol Survey, 6700 Edith Blvd NE,Suite B, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Argue, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Sprague, LA (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Bldg 53,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lsprague@usgs.gov; goelsner@usgs.gov; dmargue@usgs.gov OI Sprague, Lori/0000-0003-2832-6662 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment project of the National Water Quality Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the many water-resource organizations monitoring water quality in rivers and streams across the United States. Their efforts have made this and many other studies possible. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers, Laura Shumway with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Neil Dubrovsky with the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the report. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment project of the National Water Quality Program. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 110 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.024 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EK8UT UT WOS:000394200800026 PM 28027524 ER PT J AU Ryan Bellmore, J Duda, JJ Craig, LS Greene, SL Torgersen, CE Collins, MJ Vittum, K AF Ryan Bellmore, J. Duda, Jeffrey J. Craig, Laura S. Greene, Samantha L. Torgersen, Christian E. Collins, Mathias J. Vittum, Katherine TI Status and trends of dam removal research in the United States SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Review ID ELWHA RIVER; DECISION-MAKING; BASE-LINE; RESTORATION; WISCONSIN; SCIENCE; CHANNEL; WASHINGTON; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB Aging infrastructure coupled with growing interest in river restoration has driven a dramatic increase in the practice of dam removal. With this increase, there has been a proliferation of studies that assess the physical and ecological responses of rivers to these removals. As more dams are considered for removal, scientific information from these dam-removal studies will increasingly be called upon to inform decisions about whether, and how best, to bring down dams. This raises a critical question: what is the current state of dam-removal science in the United States? To explore the status, trends, and characteristics of dam-removal research in the U.S., we searched the scientific literature and extracted basic information from studies on dam removal. Our literature review illustrates that although over 1200 dams have been removed in the U.S., fewer than 10% have been scientifically evaluated, and most of these studies were short in duration (<4 years) and had limited ( 1-2 years) or no pre-removal monitoring. The majority of studies focused on hydrologic and geomorphic responses to removal rather than biological and water-quality responses, and few studies were published on linkages between physical and ecological components. Our review illustrates the need for long-term, multidisciplinary case studies, with robust study designs, in order to anticipate the effects of dam removal and inform future decision making. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ryan Bellmore, J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 70124 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Vittum, Katherine] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. [Craig, Laura S.] Amer Rivers, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Greene, Samantha L.; Torgersen, Christian E.] Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Ryan Bellmore, J (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 70124 USA. EM jbellmore@fs.fed.us OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX This article was produced with support from the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We thank Amy East, Chris Magirl, Jim Evans, Kathryn Ronnenberg, Stuart Lane and two anonymous reviewers for their feedback on this manuscript, as well as our fellow Powell Center working group participants for their insights about dam removal and the many discussions that sustained this project. We also thank Jill Baron and Leah Colasuonno for logistical support at the Powell Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, the authors, or their affiliations. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 AR UNSP e1164 DI 10.1002/wat2.1164 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8XT UT WOS:000394904400001 ER PT J AU Valencia, C Carrillo Martinet, M AF Valencia, Cristobal Carrillo Martinet, Maceo TI Local control: authority, resistance, and knowledge production in fracking SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Review ID SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-EDUCATION; NATURAL-RESOURCES; POLITICAL ECOLOGY; ANTHROPOLOGY; ENERGY; RACE; ERA AB In this article, we review recent scholarship on fracking vis-a-vis the crosscutting problems of authority, resistance, and knowledge production. A focus on the sociocultural context within which hydraulic fracturing occurs and is made sense of in the United States provides us an opportunity to show gaps in understandings and propose further research to address them. Additionally, our focus on the US context demonstrates the importance of the historically particular and place-specific nature of resource extraction for understanding fracking as a social process. We argue that factors such as race, history, and colonialism are mobilized or obscured differently by scholars and local actors in order to establish and contest power as well as produce knowledge about fracking. Finally, we are interested in how to make better conceptual use of the future and emerging local debates amongst frontline actors. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Valencia, Cristobal] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Carrillo Martinet, Maceo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Collaborat Conservat Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Valencia, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM valenciaramirez@gmail.com NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA EI 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 AR UNSP e1197 DI 10.1002/wat2.1197 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8XT UT WOS:000394904400005 ER PT J AU Mathewson, PD Moyer-Horner, L Beever, EA Briscoe, NJ Kearney, M Yahn, JM Porter, WP AF Mathewson, Paul D. Moyer-Horner, Lucas Beever, Erik A. Briscoe, Natalie J. Kearney, Michael Yahn, Jeremiah M. Porter, Warren P. TI Mechanistic variables can enhance predictive models of endotherm distributions: the American pika under current, past, and future climates SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity; American pika; biophysical model; climate change; mechanistic model; Ochotona princeps; physiology; species distribution model; temperature ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; GREAT-BASIN; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS; SELECTING THRESHOLDS; IMPACTS; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION AB How climate constrains species' distributions through time and space is an important question in the context of conservation planning for climate change. Despite increasing awareness of the need to incorporate mechanism into species distribution models (SDMs), mechanistic modeling of endotherm distributions remains limited in this literature. Using the American pika (Ochotona princeps) as an example, we present a framework whereby mechanism can be incorporated into endotherm SDMs. Pika distribution has repeatedly been found to be constrained by warm temperatures, so we used Niche Mapper, a mechanistic heat-balance model, to convert macroclimate data to pika- specific surface activity time in summer across the western United States. We then explored the difference between using a macroclimate predictor (summer temperature) and using a mechanistic predictor (predicted surface activity time) in SDMs. Both approaches accurately predicted pika presences in current and past climate regimes. However, the activity models predicted 8-19% less habitat loss in response to annual temperature increases of similar to 3-5 degrees C predicted in the region by 2070, suggesting that pikas may be able to buffer some climate change effects through behavioral thermoregulation that can be captured by mechanistic modeling. Incorporating mechanism added value to the modeling by providing increased confidence in areas where different modeling approaches agreed and providing a range of outcomes in areas of disagreement. It also provided a more proximate variable relating animal distribution to climate, allowing investigations into how unique habitat characteristics and intraspecific phenotypic variation may allow pikas to exist in areas outside those predicted by generic SDMs. Only a small number of easily obtainable data are required to parameterize this mechanistic model for any endotherm, and its use can improve SDM predictions by explicitly modeling a widely applicable direct physiological effect: climate-imposed restrictions on activity. This more complete understanding is necessary to inform climate adaptation actions, management strategies, and conservation plans. C1 [Mathewson, Paul D.; Moyer-Horner, Lucas; Yahn, Jeremiah M.; Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Moyer-Horner, Lucas] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Briscoe, Natalie J.; Kearney, Michael] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Mathewson, PD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53703 USA. EM mathewson@wisc.edu FU UW-Madison Zoology Department; NERP Environmental Decisions Hub; Great Basin LCC; Kosciuszko Foundation; Wilburforce Foundation; World Wildlife Fund FX We thank Chris Lowrey, Donelle Schwalm, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful reviews that improved this work. We thank Chris Ray, Tom Rodhouse, and Matt Shinderman for sharing data on pika presence locations in lava-dominated landscapes. PDM thanks the UW-Madison Zoology Department for one summer of graduate research funding in support of this work. NJB was supported by NERP Environmental Decisions Hub. Data collection on Great Basin pikas benefited from funding by the Great Basin LCC, Kosciuszko Foundation, Wilburforce Foundation, and World Wildlife Fund. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1064 DI 10.1111/gcb.13454 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300009 PM 27500587 ER PT J AU Wauchope, HS Shaw, JD Varpe, O Lappo, EG Boertmann, D Lanctot, RB Fuller, RA AF Wauchope, Hannah S. Shaw, Justine D. Varpe, Oystein Lappo, Elena G. Boertmann, David Lanctot, Richard B. Fuller, Richard A. TI Rapid climate-driven loss of breeding habitat for Arctic migratory birds SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beringia; flyway; MAXENT; mid-Holocene; protected areas; shorebirds; species distribution modelling; waders ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SAMPLING BIAS; MAXENT; SHOREBIRDS; COMPLEXITY; TUNDRA; SHIFTS; REDISTRIBUTION AB Millions of birds migrate to and from the Arctic each year, but rapid climate change in the High North could strongly affect where species are able to breed, disrupting migratory connections globally. We modelled the climatically suitable breeding conditions of 24 Arctic specialist shorebirds and projected them to 2070 and to the mid-Holocene climatic optimum, the world's last major warming event similar to 6000 years ago. We show that climatically suitable breeding conditions could shift, contract and decline over the next 70 years, with 66-83% of species losing the majority of currently suitable area. This exceeds, in rate and magnitude, the impact of the mid-Holocene climatic optimum. Suitable climatic conditions are predicted to decline acutely in the most species rich region, Beringia (western Alaska and eastern Russia), and become concentrated in the Eurasian and Canadian Arctic islands. These predicted spatial shifts of breeding grounds could affect the species composition of the world's major flyways. Encouragingly, protected area coverage of current and future climatically suitable breeding conditions generally meets target levels; however, there is a lack of protected areas within the Canadian Arctic where resource exploitation is a growing threat. Given that already there are rapid declines of many populations of Arctic migratory birds, our results emphasize the urgency of mitigating climate change and protecting Arctic biodiversity. C1 [Wauchope, Hannah S.; Shaw, Justine D.; Fuller, Richard A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Varpe, Oystein] Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Varpe, Oystein] Fram Ctr, Akvaplan Niva, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Lappo, Elena G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Staromonetny Pereulok 29, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Boertmann, David] Aarhus Univ, Inst Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Div, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Wauchope, HS (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM hannah.wauchope@uqconnect.edu.au FU ARC Linkage Project [LP150101059]; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX We thank Jasmine Lee, Hugh Possingham, Danielle Shanahan, Pavel Tomkovich, Marty Wauchope and three anonymous reviewers for comment and discussion, as well as Jeff Hanson, Emily Packer and Claire Runge for technical assistance. The work was funded through ARC Linkage Project LP150101059 and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (Table S2) for making available their model output. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1111/gcb.13404 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300012 PM 27362976 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Harden, J O'Donnell, J Manies, K Jorgenson, T Treat, C Ewing, S AF Jones, Miriam C. Harden, Jennifer O'Donnell, Jonathan Manies, Kristen Jorgenson, Torre Treat, Claire Ewing, Stephanie TI Rapid carbon loss and slow recovery following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal; carbon; collapse-scar bog; peatland; permafrost; permafrost thaw ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; CENTRAL ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEAT ACCUMULATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; THERMOKARST LAKES; CANADA; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS AB Permafrost peatlands store one-third of the total carbon (C) in the atmosphere and are increasingly vulnerable to thaw as high-latitude temperatures warm. Large uncertainties remain about C dynamics following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands. We used a chronosequence approach to measure C stocks in forested permafrost plateaus (forest) and thawed permafrost bogs, ranging in thaw age from young (< 10 years) to old (> 100 years) from two interior Alaska chronosequences. Permafrost originally aggraded simultaneously with peat accumulation (syngenetic permafrost) at both sites. We found that upon thaw, C loss of the forest peat C is equivalent to similar to 30% of the initial forest C stock and is directly proportional to the prethaw C stocks. Our model results indicate that permafrost thaw turned these peatlands into net C sources to the atmosphere for a decade following thaw, after which post-thaw bog peat accumulation returned sites to net C sinks. It can take multiple centuries to millennia for a site to recover its prethaw C stocks; the amount of time needed for them to regain their prethaw C stocks is governed by the amount of C that accumulated prior to thaw. Consequently, these findings show that older peatlands will take longer to recover prethaw C stocks, whereas younger peatlands will exceed prethaw stocks in a matter of centuries. We conclude that the loss of sporadic and discontinuous permafrost by 2100 could result in a loss of up to 24 Pg of deep C from permafrost peatlands. C1 [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Harden, Jennifer; Manies, Kristen; Treat, Claire] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan] Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jorgenson, Torre] Ecoscience, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Treat, Claire] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ewing, Stephanie] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM miriamjones@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX The authors thank the Innoko NWR and Koyukuk NWR for allowing us to collect samples. The manuscript was significantly improved by two anonymous reviewers and Benjamin Jones. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/gcb.13403 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300014 PM 27362936 ER PT J AU Jin, HR Huang, CQ Lang, MW Yeo, IY Stehman, SV AF Jin, Huiran Huang, Chengquan Lang, Megan W. Yeo, In-Young Stehman, Stephen V. TI Monitoring of wetland inundation dynamics in the Delmarva Peninsula using Landsat time-series imagery from 1985 to 2011 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Inundation mapping; Accuracy assessment; Interannual change; Subpixel water fraction (SWF); Landsat time-series; Delmarva ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; FORESTED WETLANDS; THEMATIC ACCURACY; INVENTORY MAPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER DATA; WATER; LAKES; SURFACE AB Wetlands provide important ecosystem services, the provision of which is largely controlled by fluctuations in inundation and soil saturation. Inundation is highly dynamic and can vary substantially through time in response to multiple drivers, including precipitation and evapotranspiration. This research focused on developing a practical and effective framework for regional, long-term monitoring of wetland inundation dynamics using airborne LiDAR intensity data (Lang et al., 2013) and Landsat time-series imagery. Subpixel water fraction (SWF) maps indicating the percent of surface water within each 30-m pixel were generated on an annual basis over the entire Delmarva Peninsula on the East Coast of the United States from 1985 to 2011. Comprehensive accuracy assessments of the SWF maps were conducted using historical high-resolution aerial photography to determine the reference condition. The assessment resulted in an estimated root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.78% for the sample of open water areas (mean SWF was similar to 40% for this region of the map). Moreover, a separate accuracy assessment targeting inundation in wetlands (i.e. presence or absence of water) yielded an overall accuracy of 93%. Accuracies derived indicated that Landsat data can be calibrated to accurately extract long-term water information at the regional scale. Characteristics of inundation were examined with respect to different wetland types defined by water regime and dominant vegetation types, as well as different physical drivers. Results showed that tidal wetlands typically exhibited more intensive inundation than nontidal wetlands, and a higher degree of inundation was associated with emergent wetlands compared to wetland areas dominated by woody vegetation. Analysis of change drivers revealed that tide exerted a statistically significant influence on coastal inundation with r(2) values of 32-36% and p < 0.01, whereas inundation changes in inland wetland areas were in part driven by precipitation with r(2) values of 25-34% and p < 0.08. Because an up-to-date archive of Landsat imagery is globally available and LiDAR data are becoming increasingly more affordable, the developed framework can be easily implemented to generate a continuous inundation record in many regions of the globe to assist in ongoing and future studies focused on wetland hydrology and wetland management. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jin, Huiran; Huang, Chengquan; Lang, Megan W.; Yeo, In-Young] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yeo, In-Young] Univ Newcastle, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Yeo, IY (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM hrjin@umd.edu; cqhuang@umd.edu; mwlang@umd.edu; in-young.yeo@newcastle.edu.au; svstehma@syr.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change Program [NNX12AG21G]; NASA [NNX11AJ78G]; Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project [67-3A75-13-177]; US Geological Survey [G14AC00259] FX This study was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (contract no: NNX12AG21G). Additional support was provided by the NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program (NNX11AJ78G), the Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project (67-3A75-13-177), and US Geological Survey (G14AC00259). We sincerely thank the three anonymous reviewers for their careful review and many constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NASA or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 26 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.001 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EL1RS UT WOS:000394399300003 ER PT J AU Hamm, PS Caimi, NA Northup, DE Valdez, EW Buecher, DC Dunlap, CA Labeda, DP Lueschow, S Porras-Alfaro, A AF Hamm, Paris S. Caimi, Nicole A. Northup, Diana E. Valdez, Ernest W. Buecher, Debbie C. Dunlap, Christopher A. Labeda, David P. Lueschow, Shiloh Porras-Alfaro, Andrea TI Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Actinobacteria; bats; caves; Pseudogymnoascus; Streptomyces; white-nose syndrome ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; TAXONOMIC EVALUATION; ALTAMIRA CAVE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SELECTIVE ISOLATION; SPAIN; ACTINOBACTERIA AB At least two-thirds of commercial antibiotics today are derived from Actinobacteria, more specifically from the genus Streptomyces. Antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases pose great challenges in the field of microbiology. Cave systems, in which actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant, represent new opportunities for the discovery of novel bacterial species and the study of their interactions with emergent pathogens. White-nose syndrome is an invasive bat disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which has killed more than six million bats in the last 7 years. In this study, we isolated naturally occurring actinobacteria from white-nose syndrome (WNS)-free bats from five cave systems and surface locations in the vicinity in New Mexico and Arizona, USA. We sequenced the 16S rRNA region and tested 632 isolates from 12 different bat species using a bilayer plate method to evaluate antifungal activity. Thirty-six actinobacteria inhibited or stopped the growth of P. destructans, with 32 (88.9%) actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Isolates in the genera Rhodococcus, Streptosporangium, Luteipulveratus, and Nocardiopsis also showed inhibition. Twenty-five of the isolates with antifungal activity against P. destructans represent 15 novel Streptomyces spp. based on multilocus sequence analysis. Our results suggest that bats in western North America caves possess novel bacterial microbiota with the potential to inhibit P. destructans. IMPORTANCE This study reports the largest collection of actinobacteria from bats with activity against Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal causative agent of white-nose syndrome. Using multigene analysis, we discovered 15 potential novel species. This research demonstrates that bats and caves may serve as a rich reservoir for novel Streptomyces species with antimicrobial bioactive compounds. C1 [Hamm, Paris S.; Porras-Alfaro, Andrea] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Caimi, Nicole A.; Northup, Diana E.; Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Valdez, Ernest W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Buecher, Debbie C.] Buecher Biol Consulting, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.; Lueschow, Shiloh] USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Labeda, David P.] USDA, Mycotoxin Prevent & Appl Microbiol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Porras-Alfaro, A (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM a-porras-alfaro@wiu.edu OI Porras-Alfaro, Andrea/0000-0002-9053-7973 FU Eppley Foundation; National Park Service through the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies unit (CPCESU); Carlsbad Caverns National Monument; Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument; Western National Park Association; IDNR; New Mexico Game and Fish Department Share with Wildlife Program; Cave Conservancy Foundation; National Speleological Society Rapid Response Fund; TE, Inc.; RISE (Research Inspiring Student Excellence) program; WIS (Women in Science) program; Bureau of Land Management; Fort Stanton Cave Study Project FX Initial funding that began this study was provided by the Eppley Foundation. Building on this initial funding, further funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service through the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies unit (CPCESU) for work at the El Malpais National monument, Carlsbad Caverns National Monument, and Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. The Western National Park Association provided funding for the El Malpais National Monument work. The Bureau of Land Management and Fort Stanton Cave Study Project funded work in BLM caves 45 and 55 and Fort Stanton Cave, respectively. Additional funding was provided by the IDNR (principal investigator [PI] A. P.-A.), New Mexico Game and Fish Department Share with Wildlife Program, Cave Conservancy Foundation, National Speleological Society Rapid Response Fund, and T&E, Inc. P.S.H. was supported by WIU funding from the RISE (Research Inspiring Student Excellence) and WIS (Women in Science) programs NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 85 IS 4 AR UNSP e03057 DI 10.1128/AEM.03057-16 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EK5JK UT WOS:000393962500024 ER PT J AU Song, YY Song, CC Meng, HN Swarzenski, CM Wang, XW Tan, WW AF Song, Yanyu Song, Changchun Meng, Henan Swarzenski, Christopher M. Wang, Xianwei Tan, Wenwen TI Nitrogen additions affect litter quality and soil biochemical properties in a peatland of Northeast China SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Peatland; Nitrogen deposition; Phospholipid fatty acids; Soil enzyme; Soil labile organic carbon; Eriophorum vaginatum ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; LEAF-LITTER; SUBTROPICAL CHINA; N ADDITION; GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TEMPERATE STEPPE AB Nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient in many peatland ecosystems. Enhanced N deposition, a major component of global climate change, affects ecosystem carbon (C) balance and alters soil C storage by changing plant and soil properties. However, the effects of enhanced N deposition on peatland ecosystems are poorly understood. We conducted a two-year N additions field experiment in a peatland dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum in the Da Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China. Four levels of N treatments were applied: (1) CK (no N added), (2) N1 (6 g N m(-2) yr(-1)), (3) N2 (12 g N m(-2) yr(-1)), and (4) N3 (24 gN m(-2) yr(-1)). Plant and soil material was harvested at the end of the Second growing season. N additions increased litter N and phosphorus (P) content, as well as S-glucosidase, invertase, and acid-phosphatase activity, but decreased litter C:N and C:P ratios. Litter carbon content remained unchanged. N additions increased available NH4+-N and NO3--N as well as total Gram-positive (Gram+), Gram-negative (Gram-), and total bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in shallow soil (0-15 cm depth). An increase in these PLFAs was accompanied by a decrease in soil labile organic C (microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon), and appeared to accelerate decomposition and reduce the stability of the soil C pool. Invertase and urease activity in shallow soils and acid-phosphatase activity in deep soils (15-30 cm depth) was inhibited by N additions. Together, these findings suggest that an increase in N deposition in peatlands could accelerate litter decomposition and the loss of labile C, as well as alter microbial biomass and function. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Yanyu; Song, Changchun; Meng, Henan; Wang, Xianwei; Tan, Wenwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China. [Meng, Henan] Hebei Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci, Shijiazhuang 050000, Peoples R China. [Swarzenski, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Lower Misssissippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, Sherwood Forest Blvd, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Song, CC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China. EM songcc@iga.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571089]; National Key Research and Development Project [2016YFA0602303]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDJ-SSW-DQC013] FX We would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful and constructive reviews of this paper. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41571089), the National Key Research and Development Project (2016YFA0602303), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-DQC013). We thank Mike Osland and Jim Petersen for their helpful remarks on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 100 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.12.025 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA EK6UY UT WOS:000394062600018 ER PT J AU Pepin, KM Kay, SL Golas, BD Shriner, SS Gilbert, AT Miller, RS Graham, AL Riley, S Cross, PC Samuel, MD Hooten, MB Hoeting, JA Lloyd-Smith, JO Webb, CT Buhnerkempe, MG AF Pepin, Kim M. Kay, Shannon L. Golas, Ben D. Shriner, Susan S. Gilbert, Amy T. Miller, Ryan S. Graham, Andrea L. Riley, Steven Cross, Paul C. Samuel, Michael D. Hooten, Mevin B. Hoeting, Jennifer A. Lloyd-Smith, James O. Webb, Colleen T. Buhnerkempe, Michael G. TI Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antibody; antibody kinetics; disease hazard; force of infection; incidence; individual-level variation; influenza; serosurveillance; transmission; within-host ID LONG-TERM; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SEROLOGICAL DATA; AVIAN INFLUENZA; MIXTURE-MODELS; WITHIN-HOST; DYNAMICS; DISEASE; IMMUNITY AB Our ability to infer unobservable disease-dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. Conventional methods for inferring FOI estimate a time-averaged value and are based on population-level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and FOI is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within-host processes to FOI is needed. Specifically, within-host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short-lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual-level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence FOI. Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and Yersinia pestis in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population-level FOI signal can be recovered from individual-level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual-level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross-scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual-based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population-level dynamics of disease. C1 [Pepin, Kim M.; Kay, Shannon L.; Shriner, Susan S.; Gilbert, Amy T.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Golas, Ben D.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, Ryan S.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 2155 Ctr Dr,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graham, Andrea L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Riley, Steven] Imperial Coll, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, London, England. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Drove, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.; Hoeting, Jennifer A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lloyd-Smith, James O.; Buhnerkempe, Michael G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Pepin, KM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kim.m.pepin@aphis.usda.gov RI Graham, Andrea/A-8808-2010 OI Graham, Andrea/0000-0002-6580-2755 FU Research and Policy in Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme; Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health; Department of Homeland Security; RAPIDD; National Science Foundation [OCE-1335657]; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX This research emerged from a workshop funded by the Research and Policy in Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme, Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health and Department of Homeland Security. Thanks to additional workshop participants for contributing talks and ideas during the workshop: Sarah Bevins, Kerri Pedersen, Alan Franklin, Jeff Root, Christine Ellis, Raina Plowright, Angie Luis, David Hayman, Kezia Manlove, Katie Prager, Laurie Baeten, Tom DeLiberto, and Tom Gidlewski. In addition, MGB was funded by RAPIDD. MGB and JOL-S were also funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1335657). KMP was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the functionality of the software and related material nor shall the fact of release constitute any such warranty. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 3 BP 275 EP 292 DI 10.1111/ele.12732 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2TT UT WOS:000395169300001 PM 28090753 ER PT J AU van Haren, J Dontsova, K Barron-Gafford, GA Troch, PA Chorover, J Delong, SB Breshears, DD Huxman, TE Pelletier, JD Saleska, SR Zeng, XB Ruiz, J AF van Haren, Joost Dontsova, Katerina Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Troch, Peter A. Chorover, Jon Delong, Stephen B. Breshears, David D. Huxman, Travis E. Pelletier, Jon D. Saleska, Scott R. Zeng, Xubin Ruiz, Joaquin TI CO2 diffusion into pore spaces limits weathering rate of an experimental basalt landscape SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION RATES; CHEMICAL DENUDATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE; CARBON; CLIMATE; SEQUESTRATION; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; HILLSLOPE AB Basalt weathering is a key control over the global carbon cycle, though in situ measurements of carbon cycling are lacking. In an experimental, vegetation-free hillslope containing 330 m(3) of ground basalt scoria, we measured real-time inorganic carbon dynamics within the porous media and seepage flow. The hillslope carbon flux (0.6-5.1 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) matched weathering rates of natural basalt landscapes (0.4- 8.8 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) despite lacking the expected field-based impediments to weathering. After rainfall, a decrease in CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in pore spaces into solution suggested rapid carbon sequestration but slow reactant supply. Persistent low soil [CO2] implied that diffusion limited CO2 supply, while when sufficiently dry, reaction product concentrations limited further weathering. Strong influence of diffusion could cause spatial heterogeneity of weathering even in natural settings, implying that modeling studies need to include variable soil [CO2] to improve carbon cycling estimates associated with potential carbon sequestration methods. C1 [van Haren, Joost; Dontsova, Katerina; Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Troch, Peter A.; Chorover, Jon; Delong, Stephen B.; Breshears, David D.; Huxman, Travis E.; Pelletier, Jon D.; Saleska, Scott R.; Zeng, Xubin; Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Troch, Peter A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Delong, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Environm Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Pelletier, Jon D.; Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Coll Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP van Haren, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jvanhare@email.arizona.edu FU Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth, Texas, USA); Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions (WEES) initiative at the University of Arizona; Office of the Vice President of Research at the University of Arizona FX We acknowledge support from the Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth, Texas, USA) and its founder, Mr. Edward Bass. Additional support was provided by the Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions (WEES) initiative at the University of Arizona, and by the Office of the Vice President of Research at the University of Arizona. The use of firm, trade, and brand names does not constitute endorsement by the authors or their employers. The paper benefited greatly from thoughtful comments by M. Winnick, M. Schultz, and anonymous reviewers. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 3 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1130/G38569.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PE UT WOS:000396125100003 ER PT J AU Kunzmann, M Bui, TH Crockford, PW Halverson, GP Scott, C Lyons, TW Wing, BA AF Kunzmann, Marcus Bui, Thi Hao Crockford, Peter W. Halverson, Galen P. Scott, Clint Lyons, Timothy W. Wing, Boswell A. TI Bacterial sulfur disproportionation constrains timing of Neoproterozoic oxygenation SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; IRON SULFIDE; EVOLUTION; PYRITE; OXIDATION; CYCLE; MANGANESE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Various geochemical records suggest that atmospheric O-2 increased in the Ediacaran (635-541 Ma), broadly coincident with the emergence and diversification of large animals and increasing marine ecosystem complexity. Furthermore, geochemical proxies indicate that seawater sulfate levels rose at this time too, which has been hypothesized to reflect increased sulfide oxidation in marine sediments caused by sediment mixing of the newly evolved macrofauna. However, the exact timing of oxygenation is not yet understood, and there are claims for significant oxygenation prior to the Ediacaran. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that physical mixing of sediments did not become important until the late Silurian. Here we report a multiple sulfur isotope record from a ca. 835-630 Ma succession from Svalbard, further supported by data from Proterozoic strata in Canada, Australia, Russia, and the United States, in order to investigate the timing of oxygenation. We present isotopic evidence for onset of globally significant bacterial sulfur disproportionation and reoxidative sulfur cycling following the 635 Ma Marinoan glaciation. Widespread sulfide oxidation helps to explain the observed first-order increase in seawater sulfate concentration from the earliest Ediacaran to the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary by reducing the amount of sulfur buried as pyrite. Expansion of reoxidative sulfur cycling to a global scale also indicates increasing environmental O-2 levels. Thus, our data suggest that increasing atmospheric O-2 levels may have played a role in the emergence of the Ediacaran macrofauna and increasing marine ecosystem complexity. C1 [Kunzmann, Marcus; Bui, Thi Hao; Crockford, Peter W.; Halverson, Galen P.; Wing, Boswell A.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Kunzmann, Marcus; Bui, Thi Hao; Crockford, Peter W.; Halverson, Galen P.; Wing, Boswell A.] McGill Univ, Geotop, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Kunzmann, Marcus] CSIRO Mineral Resources, Australian Resources Res Ctr, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Kunzmann, Marcus] Northern Terr Geol Survey, Darwin, NT 0800, Australia. [Scott, Clint] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lyons, Timothy W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wing, Boswell A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kunzmann, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada.; Kunzmann, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Geotop, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada.; Kunzmann, M (reprint author), CSIRO Mineral Resources, Australian Resources Res Ctr, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.; Kunzmann, M (reprint author), Northern Terr Geol Survey, Darwin, NT 0800, Australia. FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); American Chemical Society; NASA Astrobiology Institute; NSF ELT (Earth-Life Transitions) Program FX We thank Itay Halevy, Ulrich Wortmann, Andre Pellerin, and Erik Sperling for discussions, and Lee Kump, Huiming Bao, Dave Johnston, and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. Wing acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT). Halverson acknowledges funding by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the American Chemical Society. Lyons acknowledges funding by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the NSF ELT (Earth-Life Transitions) Program. Kunzmann publishes with permission of the executive director of the Northern Territory Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1130/G38602.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PE UT WOS:000396125100004 ER PT J AU Bergen, KJ Shaw, JH Leon, LA Dolan, JF Pratt, TL Ponti, DJ Morrow, E Barrera, W Rhodes, EJ Murari, MK Owen, LA AF Bergen, Kristian J. Shaw, John H. Leon, Lorraine A. Dolan, James F. Pratt, Thomas L. Ponti, Daniel J. Morrow, Eric Barrera, Wendy Rhodes, Edward J. Murari, Madhav K. Owen, Lewis A. TI Accelerating slip rates on the Puente Hills blind thrust fault system beneath metropolitan Los Angeles, California, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; DISPLACEMENT; RECURRENCE; MODELS; LENGTH; BASIN; ZONE AB Slip rates represent the average displacement across a fault over time and are essential to estimating earthquake recurrence for probabilistic seismic hazard assessments. We demonstrate that the slip rate on the western segment of the Puente Hills blind thrust fault system, which is beneath downtown Los Angeles, California (USA), has accelerated from similar to 0.22 mm/yr in the late Pleistocene to similar to 1.33 mm/yr in the Holocene. Our analysis is based on syntectonic strata derived from the Los Angeles River, which has continuously buried a fold scarp above the blind thrust. Slip on the fault beneath our field site began during the late-middle Pleistocene and progressively increased into the Holocene. This increase in rate implies that the magnitudes and/or the frequency of earthquakes on this fault segment have increased over time. This challenges the characteristic earthquake model and presents an evolving and potentially increasing seismic hazard to metropolitan Los Angeles. C1 [Bergen, Kristian J.; Shaw, John H.; Morrow, Eric] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leon, Lorraine A.; Dolan, James F.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ponti, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barrera, Wendy; Rhodes, Edward J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rhodes, Edward J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Murari, Madhav K.; Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Shaw, JH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM shaw@eps.harvard.edu FU NSF [EAR-0946261, EAR-0920947, EAR-0711170, EAR-0711220]; Southern California Earthquake Center FX We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) EAR RAPID (Division of Earth Sciences, Rapid Response Research) and Tectonics programs, which facilitated drilling and data collection in a narrow time frame when the site remained accessible (NSF grants EAR-0946261, EAR-0920947, EAR-0711170, and EAR-0711220). We also acknowledge the Southern California Earthquake Center for supporting early studies of the Puente Hills blind thrust fault system that laid the groundwork for this investigation, and the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program for contributions to this effort. We also thank the numerous field assistants that helped us acquire data for this study, and Carling Hay and Erik Chan for their helpful discussions. We are also indebted to the reviewers (Karl Mueller, Christopher Jackson, Christopher Sorlien, and Kate Scharer) for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1130/G38520.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PE UT WOS:000396125100008 ER PT J AU Hefley, TJ Hooten, MB Hanks, EM Russell, RE Walsh, DP AF Hefley, Trevor J. Hooten, Mevin B. Hanks, Ephraim M. Russell, Robin E. Walsh, Daniel P. TI The Bayesian Group Lasso for Confounded Spatial Data SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Collinearity; Dimension reduction; Generalized linear mixed model; Spatial confounding ID SELECTION; REGRESSION; MODELS; SHRINKAGE; DISEASE; ERRORS AB Generalized linear mixed models for spatial processes are widely used in applied statistics. In many applications of the spatial generalized linear mixed model (SGLMM), the goal is to obtain inference about regression coefficients while achieving optimal predictive ability. When implementing the SGLMM, multicollinearity among covariates and the spatial random effects can make computation challenging and influence inference. We present a Bayesian group lasso prior with a single tuning parameter that can be chosen to optimize predictive ability of the SGLMM and jointly regularize the regression coefficients and spatial random effect. We implement the group lasso SGLMM using efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and demonstrate how multicollinearity among covariates and the spatial random effect can be monitored as a derived quantity. To test our method, we compared several parameterizations of the SGLMM using simulated data and two examples from plant ecology and disease ecology. In all examples, problematic levels multicollinearity occurred and influenced sampling efficiency and inference. We found that the group lasso prior resulted in roughly twice the effective sample size for MCMC samples of regression coefficients and can have higher and less variable predictive accuracy based on out-of-sample data when compared to the standard SGLMM. C1 [Hefley, Trevor J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, State Coll, PA USA. [Russell, Robin E.; Walsh, Daniel P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thefley@ksu.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu; hanks@psu.edu; rerussell@usgs.gov; dwalsh@usgs.gov FU USGS National Wildlife Health Center [G14AC00366] FX We would like to acknowledge Dennis Heisey for his early contributions to development of this research endeavor. We thank Jun Zhu and two anonymous reviewers for valuable insight and discussions about this work. We thank the staff of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for their collaboration in obtaining deer tissue samples and the Wisconsin hunters who provided them. In particular, we thank Erin Larson for maintaining the CWD sample data base. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center via Grant G14AC00366. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 22 IS 1 BP 42 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s13253-016-0274-1 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA EL0MY UT WOS:000394317700003 ER PT J AU Guttery, MR Ribic, CA Sample, DW Paulios, A Trosen, C Dadisman, J Schneider, D Horton, JA AF Guttery, Michael R. Ribic, Christine A. Sample, David W. Paulios, Andy Trosen, Chris Dadisman, John Schneider, Daniel Horton, Josephine A. TI Scale-specific habitat relationships influence patch occupancy: defining neighborhoods to optimize the effectiveness of landscape-scale grassland bird conservation SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grassland birds; Landscape composition; Area sensitive; Patch occupancy; Land use; Scale sensitivity ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; POPULATION TRENDS; AREA-SENSITIVITY; BREEDING BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY AB Beyond the recognized importance of protecting large areas of contiguous habitat, conservation efforts for many species are complicated by the fact that patch suitability may also be affected by characteristics of the landscape within which the patch is located. Currently, little is known about the spatial scales at which species respond to different aspects of the landscape surrounding an occupied patch. Using grassland bird point count data, we describe an approach to evaluating scale-specific effects of landscape composition on patch occupancy. We used data from 793 point count surveys conducted in idle and grazed grasslands across Wisconsin, USA from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate scale-dependencies in the response of grassland birds to landscape composition. Patch occupancy models were used to evaluate the relationship between occupancy and landscape composition at scales from 100 to 3000 m. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) exhibited a pattern indicating selection for grassland habitats in the surrounding landscape at all spatial scales while selecting against other habitats. Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) displayed evidence of scale sensitivity for all habitat types. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) showed a strong positive response to pasture and idle grass at all scales and negatively to cropland at large scales. Unlike other species, patch occupancy by Henslow's Sparrow (A. henslowii) was primarily influenced by patch area. Our results suggest that both working grasslands (pasture) and idle conservation grasslands can play an important role in grassland bird conservation but also highlight the importance of considering species-specific patch and landscape characteristics for effective conservation. C1 [Guttery, Michael R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guttery, Michael R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1800 Glenn Highway,Suite 4, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sample, David W.; Schneider, Daniel] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish Wildlife & Parks, POB 7921, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Paulios, Andy] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish Wildlife & Parks, 3911 Fish Hatchery Rd, Fitchburg, WI 53711 USA. [Dadisman, John; Horton, Josephine A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Trosen, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, St Croix Wetland Management Dist, 1764 95th St, New Richmond, WI 54017 USA. RP Guttery, MR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.guttery@alaska.gov FU US Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership Program; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources under Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project [W-160-P]; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank all the field technicians and volunteers for their help in data collection. We are grateful for the partnership of private landowners, without whom this study would not have been possible. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership Program, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources under Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-160-P, and US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 32 IS 3 BP 515 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0462-y PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EL0QP UT WOS:000394327200004 ER PT J AU Glenn, EM Lesmeister, DB Davis, RJ Hollen, B Poopatanapong, A AF Glenn, Elizabeth M. Lesmeister, Damon B. Davis, Raymond J. Hollen, Bruce Poopatanapong, Anne TI Estimating density of a territorial species in a dynamic landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Habitat modeling; Carrying capacity; Occupancy rates; Territory density; Northern spotted owl ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; HOME-RANGE; HABITAT SUITABILITY; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOUTHERN OREGON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COAST RANGES; BARRED OWLS AB Conservation planning for at-risk species requires understanding of where species are likely to occur, how many individuals are likely to be supported on a given landscape, and the ability to monitor those changes through time. We developed a distribution model for northern spotted owls that incorporates both habitat suitability and probability of territory occupancy while accounting for interspecies competition. We developed range-wide habitat suitability maps for two time periods (1993 and 2012) for northern spotted owls that accounted for regional differences in habitat use and home range size. We used these maps for a long-term demographic monitoring study area to assess habitat change and estimate the number of potential territories based on available habitat for both time periods. We adjusted the number of potential territories using known occupancy rates to estimate owl densities for both time periods. We evaluated our range-wide habitat suitability model using independent survey data. Our range-wide habitat maps predicted areas suitable for territorial spotted owl presence well. On the demographic study area, the amount of habitat declined 19.7% between 1993 and 2012, while our estimate of the habitat-based carrying capacity declined from 150 to 146 territories. Estimated number of occupied territories declined from 94 to 57. Conservation and recovery of at-risk species depends on understanding how habitat changes over time in response to factors such as wildfire, climate change, biological invasions, and interspecies competition, and how these changes influence species distribution. We demonstrate a model-based approach that provides an effective planning tool. C1 [Glenn, Elizabeth M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon State Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Glenn, Elizabeth M.] Dept Interior Northwest Climate Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lesmeister, Damon B.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Davis, Raymond J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Pacific Northwest Reg, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. [Hollen, Bruce] Oregon State Off, Bur Land Management, 1220 SW 3rd Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Poopatanapong, Anne] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Reg, Reg Off, 1220 SW 3rd Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Glenn, EM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon State Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA.; Glenn, EM (reprint author), Dept Interior Northwest Climate Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM eglenn@usgs.gov FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management FX Funding for monitoring spotted owl populations was primarily provided by USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management as agreed upon under the Northwest Forest Plan. This study was facilitated by over two decades of spotted owl monitoring data that were collected through a large group effort focused on monitoring the effectiveness of the NWFP. Our work would not have been possible without the continued hard work of many dedicated biologists who annually collect the spotted owl data used to train and test our habitat models. We thank the state (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Department of Forestry) and federal (USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDI National Parks Service) agencies for providing spotted owl data to evaluate our models. J. Reid facilitated and graciously responded to questions regarding spotted owl data for the Tyee study area. This publication represents the views of the authors, and any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 32 IS 3 BP 563 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0467-6 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EL0QP UT WOS:000394327200007 ER PT J AU Wood, N Wilson, R Jones, J Peters, J MacMullan, E Krebs, T Shoaf, K Miller, K AF Wood, Nathan Wilson, Rick Jones, Jamie Peters, Jeff MacMullan, Ed Krebs, Tessa Shoaf, Kimberley Miller, Kevin TI Community disruptions and business costs for distant tsunami evacuations using maximum versus scenario-based zones SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Evacuation; Response; California; Business; Vulnerable populations ID MITIGATION AB Well-executed evacuations are key to minimizing loss of life from tsunamis, yet they also disrupt communities and business productivity in the process. Most coastal communities implement evacuations based on a previously delineated maximum-inundation zone that integrates zones from multiple tsunami sources. To support consistent evacuation planning that protects lives but attempts to minimize community disruptions, we explore the implications of scenario-based evacuation procedures and use the California (USA) coastline as our case study. We focus on the land in coastal communities that is in maximum-evacuation zones, but is not expected to be flooded by a tsunami generated by a Chilean earthquake scenario. Results suggest that a scenario-based evacuation could greatly reduce the number of residents and employees that would be advised to evacuate for 24-36 h (178,646 and 159,271 fewer individuals, respectively) and these reductions are concentrated primarily in three counties for this scenario. Private evacuation spending is estimated to be greater than public expenditures for operating shelters in the area of potential over-evacuations ($13 million compared to $1 million for a 1.5-day evacuation). Short-term disruption costs for businesses in the area of potential over-evacuation are approximately $122 million for a 1.5-day evacuation, with one-third of this cost associated with manufacturing, suggesting that some disruption costs may be recouped over time with increased short-term production. There are many businesses and organizations in this area that contain individuals with limited mobility or access and functional needs that may have substantial evacuation challenges. This study demonstrates and discusses the difficulties of tsunami-evacuation decision-making for relatively small to moderate events faced by emergency managers, not only in California but in coastal communities throughout the world. C1 [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Wilson, Rick] Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Jones, Jamie; Peters, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [MacMullan, Ed; Krebs, Tessa] ECONorthwest, 222 SW Columbia St, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Shoaf, Kimberley] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 375 Chipeta Way Ste A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Miller, Kevin] Calif Governors Off Emergency Serv, 30 Van Ness Ave,Ste 3300, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. RP Wood, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; jamiejones@usgs.gov; jpeters@usgs.gov; macmullan@econw.com; krebs@econw.com; kimberley.shoaf@utah.edu; Kevin.Miller@caloes.ca.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program; Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) project FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program and the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) project. We thank Anne Wein of the USGS for thoughtful discussions in the early stages of the work. We thank Mara Tongue of the USGS, Kevin Richards of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, and anonymous journal reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2017 VL 86 IS 2 BP 619 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2709-y PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EL0RB UT WOS:000394328400007 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ AF Dowsett, Harry J. TI Aerosols shift lake ecosystem SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SUMMER MONSOON C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 3 BP 174 EP 175 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9WD UT WOS:000396349400007 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D AF Buscombe, Daniel TI Shallow water benthic imaging and substrate characterization using recreational-grade sidescan-sonar SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Acoustical remote sensing; Benthic habitat; Sidescan sonar; Habitat mapping ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SCAN SONAR; HABITAT; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTER; BAY; RIVER; SEDIMENTS; GEORGIA; SUITABILITY AB In recent years, lightweight, inexpensive, vessel-mounted 'recreational grade' sonar systems have rapidly grown in popularity among aquatic scientists, for swath imaging of benthic substrates. To promote an ongoing 'democratization' of acoustical imaging of shallow water environments, methods to carry out geometric and radiometric correction and georectification of sonar echograms are presented, based on simplified models for sonar-target geometry and acoustic backscattering and attenuation in shallow water. Procedures are described for automated removal of the acoustic shadows, identification of bed water interface for situations when the water is too turbid or turbulent for reliable depth echosounding, and for automated bed substrate classification based on singlebeam full-waveform analysis. These methods are encoded in an open-source and freely-available software package, which should further facilitate use of recreational-grade sidescan sonar, in a fully automated and objective manner. The sequential correction, mapping, and analysis steps are demonstrated using a data set from a shallow freshwater environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buscombe, Daniel] Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Buscombe, Daniel] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.; Buscombe, D (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM daniel.buscombe@nau.edu OI Buscombe, Daniel/0000-0001-6217-5584 FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Barbara Faggetter provided some file format and sonar information, and the e1e2 module of PyHum is based on her code. Thanks to Ted Melis, Paul Grams, and Michael Yard for helping collect the field data and for helpful discussions. Thanks also to many PyHum users for identifying software bugs, and helpful software suggestions, especially Daniel Hamill, and also Cameron Bodine, Liam Zarri, and Rick Debbout for debugging and testing. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 89 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.12.003 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK0QH UT WOS:000393631400001 ER PT J AU Hollema, HM Kneebone, J McCormick, SD Skomal, GB Danylchuk, AJ AF Hollema, Heather M. Kneebone, Jeff McCormick, Stephen D. Skomal, Greg B. Danylchuk, Andy J. TI Movement patterns of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in a tidal coastal embayment in New England SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Striped bass; Acoustic telemetry; Site fidelity; Habitat use; Massachusetts ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; HABITAT USE; ATLANTIC COAST; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SITE FIDELITY; HOME-RANGE; ESTUARY; MIGRATION; BIOTELEMETRY; CONTINGENTS AB Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are important in commercial and recreational fisheries along the western Atlantic coastline. Although there is a good understanding of their seasonal migration patterns, less is known about the short-term movements of striped bass once they have reached New England coastal embayments during the summer months. Movement patterns were assessed by tagging 35 striped bass (38.5-80.5 cm TL) with acoustic transmitters and tracking them within a fixed array (n =34 receivers) in Plymouth, Kingston, Duxbury (PKD) Bay, MA. The majority of tagged striped bass took up residency within PKD Bay for the summer months. Large juvenile through sub-adult (21-46 cm) and adult bass (>46 cm) remained residents of PKD Bay for periods of 6-75 days and appear to use the estuary as a vital summer foraging area before emigrating from the bay for their southward migration. Changes in activity space estimates were significant over the course of the season and increased with water temperature. There was a general increase of activity space preceding emigration where presence of striped bass was significantly related to water temperature and photoperiod. Various environmental factors influence striped bass movement, and it is important to understand individual patterns and behavioral ecology to make the most educated management decisions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hollema, Heather M.; McCormick, Stephen D.; Danylchuk, Andy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kneebone, Jeff] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 200 Mill Rd,Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Massachusetts Marine Fisheries, 838 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Skomal, Greg B.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way,POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Hollema, HM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM HMTyrrell@gmail.com FU National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS00987] FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation (project number MAS00987). We also appreciate the support of the Duxbury Yacht Club, and in particular Jon Nash and Steve O'Brien for their fishing expertise and excitement about the project. We are very grateful to the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries for providing a boat and the majority of the receiver array, Donald Beers and the Duxbury Harbormasters Office for providing dockage for the research vessel and the use of navigational aids; also to John Chisholm for his help in the field. We would also like to thank all of those who provided detection data, and Erin Snook and Cristina Kennedy for help with data analysis. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 187 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.006 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EJ1WD UT WOS:000393000000019 ER PT J AU Gooch, AMJ Petersen, SL Collins, GH Smith, TS McMillan, BR Eggett, DL AF Gooch, Amy M. J. Petersen, Steven L. Collins, Gail H. Smith, Tom S. McMillan, Brock R. Eggett, Dennis L. TI The impact of feral horses on pronghorn behavior at water sources SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; Equus caballus; Interference competition; Behavioral change; Vigilance behavior; Water source AB Feral horses (Equus callabus) occur throughout the world on all continents except Antarctica. In North America, feral horses occupy 31.6 million acres throughout western North America. Throughout their range, feral horses often share habitat with American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Since horses are larger and more aggressive than pronghorn, they are considered socially dominant. In the Great Basin of western North America, pronghorn often access water sources where horses occur since habitat preferences are similar. If pronghorn are excluded where water is used by both species, pronghorn fitness may be impaired, especially during dry or droughty periods. The purpose of this study was to investigate interference competition between pronghorn and feral horses at water sources within the Great Basin. We observed horses and pronghorn at high-use water sources and recorded all occurrences and outcomes of pronghorn/horse interactions. We assessed differences in pronghorn behavior in the presence or absence of horses. Pronghorn invested more time on vigilance behavior and less time foraging or drinking in the presence of horses than in their absence. Nearly half of pronghorn/horse interactions resulted in pronghorn exclusion from water. We conclude that as feral horse numbers increase, competition for water will subsequently increase. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gooch, Amy M. J.; Petersen, Steven L.; Smith, Tom S.; McMillan, Brock R.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 4105 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR USA. [Eggett, Dennis L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, 223 TMCB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Petersen, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 4105 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM steven_petersen@byu.edu FU Sheldon NWR; Brigham Young University; Nevada Department of Wildlife FX We appreciate the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge for lodging, transportation, and staff support. We appreciate the Sheldon NWR, Brigham Young University, and the Nevada Department of Wildlife (Michael Cox) for providing research funding. We appreciate Dr. Randy Larsen from Brigham Young University for his statistical consultation and assistance. We also appreciate the many technicians and volunteers who helped with data collection and lab analysis. We thank Brian Day, manager of the Sheldon NWR, for assistance with logistics and housing. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 138 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.11.012 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ0KH UT WOS:000392896800005 ER PT J AU Viola, D McEwen, AS Dundas, CM Byrne, S AF Viola, Donna McEwen, Alfred S. Dundas, Colin M. Byrne, Shane TI Subsurface volatile content of martian double-layer ejecta (DLE) craters SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Cratering; Ices; Impact processes; Mars, surface ID INDUCED HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; IMPACT CRATERS; GROUND ICE; FLUIDIZED EJECTA; ARCADIA PLANITIA; NEAR-SURFACE; MARS; EMPLACEMENT; DEPOSITS; MORPHOLOGIES AB Excess ice is widespread throughout the martian mid-latitudes, particularly in Arcadia Planitia, where double-layer ejecta (DLE) craters also tend to be abundant. In this region, we observe the presence of thermokarstically-expanded secondary craters that likely form from impacts that destabilize a subsurface layer of excess ice, which subsequently sublimates. The presence of these expanded craters shows that excess ice is still preserved within the adjacent terrain. Here, we focus on a 15-km DLE crater that contains abundant superposed expanded craters in order to study the distribution of subsurface volatiles both at the time when the secondary craters formed and, by extension, remaining today. To do this, we measure the size distribution of the superposed expanded craters and use topographic data to calculate crater volumes as a proxy for the volumes of ice lost to sublimation during the expansion process. The inner ejecta layer contains craters that appear to have undergone more expansion, suggesting that excess ice was most abundant in that region. However, both of the ejecta layers had more expanded craters than the surrounding terrain. We extrapolate that the total volume of ice remaining within the entire ejecta deposit is as much as 74 km(3) or more. The variation in ice content between the ejecta layers could be the result of (1) volatile preservation from the formation of the DLE crater, (2) post-impact deposition in the form of ice lenses; or (3) preferential accumulation or preservation of subsequent snowfall. We have ruled out (2) as the primary mode for ice deposition in this location based on inconsistencies with our observations, though it may operate in concert with other processes. Although none of the existing DLE formation hypotheses are completely consistent with our observations, which may merit a new or modified mechanism, we can conclude that DLE craters contain a significant quantity of excess ice today. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Viola, Donna; McEwen, Alfred S.; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dviola@lpl.arizona.edu FU High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) FX We would like to thank Nicholas Gizzi for the production of digital terrain models (DTMs) and Sarah Sutton for training/assistance on DTM production. Helpful reviews from Nadine Barlow and David Weiss greatly enhanced this work. Funding was provided through the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). All images and DTM products used in this study are available through the PDS (http://img.pds.nasa.gov). NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 284 BP 325 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.031 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EI5XM UT WOS:000392569600024 ER PT J AU Inserillo, EA Green, MB Shanley, JB Boyer, JN AF Inserillo, E. Ashley Green, Mark B. Shanley, James B. Boyer, Joseph N. TI Comparing catchment hydrologic response to a regional storm using specific conductivity sensors SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE citizen science; first flush; new water; solute generation; stormflow; tracer ID ISOTOPIC HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; 1ST FLUSH; DRAINAGE BASINS; URBAN CATCHMENT; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; RUNOFF; WATER; EROSION AB A better understanding of stormwater generation and solute sources is needed to improve the protection of aquatic ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health from large runoff events. Much of our understanding of water and solutes produced during stormflow comes from studies of individual, small headwater catchments. This study compared many different types of catchments during a single large event to help isolate landscape controls on streamwater and solute generation, including human-impacted land cover. We used a distributed network of specific electrical conductivity sensors to trace storm response during the post-tropical cyclone Sandy event of October 2012 at 29 catchments across the state of New Hampshire. A citizen science sensor network, Lotic Volunteer for Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, and Stage, provided a unique opportunity to investigate high-temporal resolution stream behavior at a broad spatial scale. Three storm response metrics were analyzed in this study: (a) fraction of new water contributing to the hydrograph; (b) presence of first flush (mobilization of solutes during the beginning of the rain event); and (c) magnitude of first flush. We compared new water and first flush to 64 predictor attributes related to land cover, soil, topography, and precipitation. The new water fraction was positively correlated with low and medium intensity development in the catchment and riparian buffers and with the precipitation from a rain event 9 days prior to Sandy. The presence of first flush was most closely related (positively) to soil organic matter. Magnitude of first flush was not strongly related to any of the catchment variables. Our results highlight the potentially important role of human landscape modification in runoff generation at multiple spatial scales and the lack of a clear role in solute flushing. Further development of regional-scale in situ sensor networks will provide better understanding of stormflow and solute generation across a wide range of landscape conditions. C1 [Inserillo, E. Ashley] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Inserillo, E. Ashley; Green, Mark B.; Boyer, Joseph N.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH USA. [Green, Mark B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Inserillo, EA (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM elizabeth.inserillo@des.nh.gov FU National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) program [EPS-1101245] FX National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) program, Grant/Award Number: EPS-1101245. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1074 EP 1085 DI 10.1002/hyp.11091 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8WT UT WOS:000394901800009 ER PT J AU Nevitt, JM Pollard, DD AF Nevitt, Johanna M. Pollard, David D. TI Impacts of off-fault plasticity on fault slip and interaction at the base of the seismogenic zone SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; GRANITIC ROCK; DEFORMATION FIELDS; ABBOT QUADRANGLE; SEISMIC SLIP; MAGMATIC ARC; SHEAR ZONE; DISPLACEMENT; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE AB Direct observations of faults exhumed from midcrustal depths indicate that distributed inelastic deformation enhances fault slip and interaction across steps. Constrained by field measurements, finite element models demonstrate that the slip distribution for a fault in a Mises elastoplastic continuum differs significantly from that of a linear elastic model fault. Lobes of plastic shear strain align with fault tips and effectively lengthen the fault, resulting in greater maximum slip and increased slip gradients near fault tips. Additionally, distributed plastic shear strain facilitates slip transfer between echelon fault segments. Fault arrays separated by contractional steps, which are subjected to greater mean normal stress and Mises equivalent stress, produce greater maximum slip than do those separated by extensional steps (with no fractures). These results provide insight into fault behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone, with implications for rupture dynamics of discontinuous faults. C1 [Nevitt, Johanna M.; Pollard, David D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nevitt, Johanna M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nevitt, JM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Nevitt, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jnevitt@usgs.gov FU Stanford Rock Fracture Project; McGee Grant; NSF FX We thank Nancye Dawers and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive feedback that significantly improved the manuscript. Field assistance was provided by Ashley Griffith, Libby Ritz, Meredith Townsend, Betsy Madden, Mark McClure, Michael Pollard, Emily Nevitt, and Nick Tokach. Funding was provided by the Stanford Rock Fracture Project, McGee Grant, and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for Josie Nevitt. All data supporting the conclusions of this paper are presented in the text and figures. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1714 EP 1723 DI 10.1002/2016GL071688 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO0TO UT WOS:000396411100012 ER PT J AU Serafin, KA Ruggiero, P Stockdon, HF AF Serafin, Katherine A. Ruggiero, Peter Stockdon, Hilary F. TI The relative contribution of waves, tides, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels on US West Coast sandy beaches SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST COAST; SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE CONTROLS; BARRIER ISLANDS; VARIABILITY; EROSION; RUNUP; GULF; PROJECTIONS; AMERICA AB To better understand how individual processes combine to cause flooding and erosion events, we investigate the relative contribution of tides, waves, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels (TWLs) at the shoreline of U.S. West Coast sandy beaches. Extreme TWLs, defined as the observed annual maximum event and the simulated 100 year return level event, peak in Washington, and are on average larger in Washington and Oregon than in California. The relative contribution of wave-induced and still water levels (SWL) to the 100 year TWL event is similar to that of the annual maximum event; however, the contribution of storm surge to the SWL doubles across events. Understanding the regional variability of TWLs will lead to a better understanding of how sea level rise, changes in storminess, and possible changes in the frequency of major El Nioos may impact future coastal flooding and erosion along the U.S. West Coast and elsewhere. C1 [Serafin, Katherine A.; Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stockdon, Hilary F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Serafin, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kserafin@coas.oregonstate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS); U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA Coastal and Ocean Climate Applications (COCA) program [NA120AR4310195]; NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program (RISA) [NA150AR4310145]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC -2644] FX Tide gauge records are available through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) website. We thank Melisa Menendez and Jorge Perez at the Environmental Hydraulics Institute of the Universidad de Cantabria (IHCantabria) for providing the Global Ocean Wave 2 (GOW2) data. We also thank Thomas Wahl, Nathaniel Plant, and an anonymous reviewer for their reviews and constructive comments. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, the NOAA Coastal and Ocean Climate Applications (COCA) program (NA120AR4310195), the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program (RISA) (NA150AR4310145), and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) (RC -2644). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1002/2016GL071020 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO0TO UT WOS:000396411100027 ER PT J AU Hunt, WG Wiens, JD Law, PR Fuller, MR Hunt, TL Driscoll, DE Jackman, RE AF Hunt, W. Grainger Wiens, J. David Law, Peter R. Fuller, Mark R. Hunt, Teresa L. Driscoll, Daniel E. Jackman, Ronald E. TI Quantifying the demographic cost of human-related mortality to a raptor population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT FECUNDITY; SPANISH IMPERIAL EAGLE; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; INCREASING POPULATION; TERRITORY QUALITY; SIZE; SURVIVAL; CALIFORNIA; BIRDS; PERFORMANCE AB Raptors are exposed to a wide variety of human-related mortality agents, and yet population- level effects are rarely quantified. Doing so requires modeling vital rates in the context of species life-history, behavior, and population dynamics theory. In this paper, we explore the details of such an analysis by focusing on the demography of a resident, tree-nesting population of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the vicinity of an extensive (142 km 2) windfarm in California. During 1994-2000, we tracked the fates of > 250 radio-marked individuals of four life-stages and conducted five annual surveys of territory occupancy and reproduction. Collisions with wind turbines accounted for 41% of 88 uncensored fatalities, most of which were subadults and nonbreeding adults (floaters). A consistent overall male preponderance in the population meant that females were the limiting sex in this territorial, monogamous species. Estimates of potential population growth rate and associated variance indicated a stable breeding population, but one for which any further decrease in vital rates would require immigrant floaters to fill territory vacancies. Occupancy surveys 5 and 13 years later (2005 and 2013) showed that the nesting population remained intact, and no upward trend was apparent in the proportion of subadult eagles as pair members, a condition that would have suggested a deficit of adult replacements. However, the number of golden eagle pairs required to support windfarm mortality was large. We estimated that the entire annual reproductive output of 216-255 breeding pairs would have been necessary to support published estimates of 55-65 turbine blade-strike fatalities per year. Although the vital rates forming the basis for these calculations may have changed since the data were collected, our approach should be useful for gaining a clearer understanding of how anthropogenic mortality affects the health of raptor populations, particularly those species with delayed maturity and naturally low reproductive rates. C1 [Hunt, W. Grainger] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Hunt, W. Grainger; Hunt, Teresa L.; Driscoll, Daniel E.; Jackman, Ronald E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Predatory Bird Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wiens, J. David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Law, Peter R.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Ctr African Conservat Ecol, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Hunt, Teresa L.; Jackman, Ronald E.] Garcia & Associates, San Anselmo, CA USA. [Driscoll, Daniel E.] Amer Eagle Res Inst, Apache Junction, AZ USA. RP Hunt, WG (reprint author), Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA.; Hunt, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Predatory Bird Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM grainger@peregrinefund.org FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [AT-5-15174-01, XAT-6-16459-01, DE-AC36-98-GO10337]; California Energy Commission [CEC-500-97-4033, CEC -500-2006-056]; Kenetech Windpower, Inc. FX The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65688.pdf) Contracts to the University of California, Santa Cruz: AT-5-15174-01, XAT-6-16459-01, and DE-AC36-98-GO10337. The California Energy Commission (http://www.energy.ca.gov/) Contracts to the University of California, Santa Cruz: CEC-500-97-4033 and CEC -500-2006-056. Kenetech Windpower, Inc. (now defunct) funded project startup for several months in 1994. East Bay Regional Park District (http://www.ebparks.org/) funded occasional golden eagle nesting surveys by TLH after 2006. The United States Geological Survey (http://fresc.usgs.gov/) provided stipends (via The Peregrine Fund, Boise Idaho (http://www.peregrnefund.org) to WGH and PRL for data analysis and write-up during 2014-2015. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Garcia and Associates provided support in the form of salaries for authors [TLH, REJ], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the author contributions section. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0172232 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172232 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5VB UT WOS:000394688200056 ER PT J AU Gustine, D Barboza, P Adams, L Griffith, B Cameron, R Whitten, K AF Gustine, David Barboza, Perry Adams, Layne Griffith, Brad Cameron, Raymond Whitten, Kenneth TI Advancing the match-mismatch framework for large herbivores in the Arctic: Evaluating the evidence for a trophic mismatch in caribou SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED DEER; FEMALE CARIBOU; LARGE MAMMALS; REINDEER; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; VEGETATION; PHENOLOGY; HETEROGENEITY AB Climate- induced shifts in plant phenology may adversely affect animals that cannot or do not shift the timing of their reproductive cycle. The realized effect of potential trophic " mismatches " between a consumer and its food varies with the degree to which species rely on dietary income and stored capital. Large Arctic herbivores rely heavily on maternal capital to reproduce and give birth near the onset of the growing season but are they vulnerable to trophic mismatch? We evaluated the long-term changes in the temperatures and characteristics of the growing seasons ( 1970 - 2013), and compared growing conditions and dynamics of forage quality for caribou at peak parturition, peak lactation, and peak forage biomass, and plant senescence between two distinct time periods over 36 years ( 1977 and 2011 - 13). Despite advanced thaw dates ( 7- 12 days earlier), increased growing season lengths ( 15 - 21 days longer), and consistent parturition dates, we found no decline in forage quality and therefore no evidence within this dataset for a trophic mismatch at peak parturition or peak lactation from 1977 to 2011 - 13. In Arctic ungulates that use stored capital for reproduction, reproductive demands are largely met by body stores deposited in the previous summer and autumn, which reduces potential adverse effects of any mismatch between food availability and timing of parturition. Climate- induced effects on forages growing in the summer and autumn ranges, however, do correspond with the demands of female caribou and their offspring to gain mass for the next reproductive cycle and winter. Therefore, we suggest the window of time to examine the match-mismatch framework in Arctic ungulates is not at parturition but in late summer-autumn, where the multiplier effects of small changes in forage quality are amplified by forage abundance, peak forage intake, and resultant mass gains in mother-offspring pairs. C1 [Gustine, David; Adams, Layne] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Barboza, Perry] Texas A&M Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Cameron, Raymond; Whitten, Kenneth] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Gustine, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM dave_gustine@nps.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area.; Use of any trade names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We thank S. Aguilar, S. Arthur, G. Balogh, K. Iles, J. Lawlor, P. Martin, K. Oster, L. Parrett, G. Roffler, R. Ruffner, R. Hart, B. Streever, L. VanSomeren, E. Wald, J. Welch, R. Wilson, and N. Wolf for their varied contributions. This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Manuscript was improved by comments from C. Cuyler, T. Fondell, K. Joly, J. Pearce, and R. Wilson. We dedicate this work to our colleague R. Cameron, who passed away 15 November 2014. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 23 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0171807 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0171807 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5SX UT WOS:000394682400021 ER PT J AU Willacker, JJ Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT AF Willacker, James J. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Mercury Bioaccumulation in Estuarine Fishes: Novel Insights from Sulfur Stable Isotopes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FOOD WEBS; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; YOLO BYPASS; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS; WETLAND; CARBON; MARSH; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Estuaries are transitional habitats characterized by complex biogeochemical and ecological gradients that result in substantial variation in fish total mercury concentrations (THg). We leveraged these gradients and used carbon (delta C-13), nitrogen (delta N-15), and sulfur (delta S-34) stable isotopes to examine the ecological and biogeochemical processes underlying THg bioaccumulation in fishes from the San Francisco Bay Estuary. We employed a tiered approach that first examined processes influencing variation in fish THg among wetlands, and subsequently examined the roles of habitat and within wetland processes in generating larger-scale patterns in fish THg. We found that delta S-34, an indicator of sulfate reduction and habitat specific foraging, was correlated with fish THg at all three spatial scales. Over the observed ranges of es, THg concentrations in fish increased by up to 860% within wetlands, 560% among wetlands, and 291% within specific impounded wetland habitats. In contrast, delta C-13 and delta N-15 were not correlated with THg among wetlands and were only important in low salinity impounded wetlands, possibly reflecting more diverse food webs in this habitat. Together, our results highlight the key roles of sulfur biogeochemistry and ecology in influencing estuarine fish THg, as well as the importance of fish ecology and habitat in modulating the relationships between biogeochemical processes and Hg bioaccumulation. C1 [Willacker, James J.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Willacker, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jwillacker@usgs.gov OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program FX This research was funded by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program. We appreciate the field assistance provided by Terry Adelsbach, Sarah Stoner-Duncan, John Henderson, Lani Stinson, Cathy Johnson, Kevin Aceituno, and Carolyn Marn; and thank Robin Keister for sample processing and analysis. Tom Maurer, Carol Atkins, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory graciously provided logistical support. Martin Fitzpatrick, Jacob Fleck, and three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2131 EP 2139 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05325 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300027 PM 28088848 ER PT J AU Mao, XW Oremland, RS Liu, T Gushgari, S Landers, AA Baesman, SM Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Mao, Xinwei Oremland, Ronald S. Liu, Tong Gushgari, Sara Landers, Abigail A. Baesman, Shaun M. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Acetylene Fuels TCE Reductive Dechlorination by Defined Dehalococcoides/Pelobacter Consortia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHENOGENES STRAIN 195; VINYL-CHLORIDE; PELOBACTER-ACETYLENICUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEHALOGENASE GENE; FERMENTATION; INHIBITION; GROWTH; TRICHLOROETHENE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AB Acetylene (C2H2) can be generated in contaminated groundwater sites as a consequence of chemical degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) by in situ minerals, and C2H2 is known to inhibit bacterial dechlorination. In this study, we show that while high C2H2 (1.3 mM) concentrations reversibly inhibit reductive dechlorination of TCE by Dehalococcoides mccartyi isolates as well as enrichment cultures containing D. mccartyi sp., low C2H2 (0.4 mM) concentrations do not inhibit growth or metabolism of D. mccartyi. Cocultures of Pelobacter SFB93, a C2H2-fermenting bacterium, with D. mccartyi strain 195 or with D. mccartyi strain BAV1 were actively sustained by providing acetylene as the electron donor and carbon source while TCE or cis-DCE served as the electron acceptor. Inhibition by acetylene of reductive dechlorination and methanogenesis in the enrichment culture ANAS was observed, and the inhibition was removed by adding Pelobacter SFB93 into the consortium. Transcriptomic analysis of D. mccartyi strain 195 showed genes encoding for reductive dehalogenases (e.g., tceA) were not affected during the C2H2-inhibition, while genes encoding for ATP synthase, biosynthesis, and Hym hydrogenase were down regulated during C2H2 inhibition, consistent with the physiological observation of lower cell yields and reduced dechlorination rates in strain 195. These results will help facilitate the optimization of TCE-bioremediation at contaminated sites containing both TCE and C2H2. C1 [Mao, Xinwei; Liu, Tong; Gushgari, Sara; Landers, Abigail A.; Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oremland, Ronald S.; Baesman, Shaun M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu FU NIEHS [P42-ES04705-14]; NSF [CBET-1336709]; USGS National Research Program of the Water Mission Area; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; NASA's Exobiology Program [13EXO13-0001] FX This work was funded by grants from NIEHS (P42-ES04705-14), NSF (CBET-1336709), and by support to R.S.O. and S.B. from the USGS National Research Program of the Water Mission Area, the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and by grant 13EXO13-0001 from NASA's Exobiology Program. We thank C. Tiedeman and D. Akob for their constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Disclaimer: Mention of brand-name products does not constitute an endorsement by the USGS. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2366 EP 2372 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05770 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300053 PM 28075122 ER PT J AU Wesner, JS Walters, DM Schmidt, TS Kraus, JM Stricker, CA Clements, WH Wolf, RE AF Wesner, Jeff S. Walters, David M. Schmidt, Travis S. Kraus, Johanna M. Stricker, Craig A. Clements, William H. Wolf, Ruth E. TI Metamorphosis Affects Metal Concentrations and Isotopic Signatures in a Mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus): Implications for the Aquatic-Terrestrial Transfer of Metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD WEBS; CENTROPTILUM-TRIANGULIFER; STABLE ISOTOPES; STREAM; INSECTS; SUBSIDIES; FLUX; CONTAMINANTS; DELTA-N-15; MICROCOSMS AB Insect metamorphosis often results in substantial chemical changes that can alter contaminant concentrations and fractionate isotopes. We exposed larval mayflies (Baetis tricaudatus) and their food (periphyton) to an aqueous zinc gradient (3-340 mu g Zn/l) and measured zinc concentrations at different stages of metamorphosis: larval, subimago, and imago. We also measured changes in stable isotopes (delta N-15 and delta C-13) in unexpoSed mayflies. Larval zinc concentrations were positively related to aqueous zinc, increasing 9-fold across the exposure gradient. Adult zinc concentrations were also positively related to aqueous zinc, but were 7-fold lower than larvae. This relationship varied according to adult substage and sex Tissue concentrations in female imagoes were not related to exposure concentrations, but the converse was true for all other stage-by-sex combinations. Metamorphosis also increased delta N-15 by similar to 0.8 parts per thousand, but not delta C-13. Thus, the main effects of metamorphosis on insect chemistry were large declines in zinc concentrations coupled with increased delta N-15 signatures. For zinc, this change was largely consistent across the aqueous exposure gradient. However, differences among sexes and stages suggest that caution is warranted when using nitrogen isotopes or metal concentrations measured in one insect stage (e.g., larvae) to assess risk to wildlife that feed on subsequent life stages (e.g., adults). C1 [Wesner, Jeff S.] Univ South Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Walters, David M.; Kraus, Johanna M.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wolf, Ruth E.] PerkinElmer Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Wesner, JS (reprint author), Univ South Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM jeff.wesner@usd.edu FU NSF [1145200]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank John Simon for help in the construction and maintenance of the artificial streams, Robert Zuellig for help in locating and identifying B. tricaudatus, and Lauren Hargis for sampling help. Statistical analyses were improved by travel support for JSW to attend a Bayesian workshop at Colorado State University (Training in Bayesian Modeling for Practicing Ecologists, NSF Award #1145200). Primary funding for the experiments was from the U.S. Geological Survey through a research grant to WHC. This research was subjected to USGS review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2438 EP 2446 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05471 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300061 PM 28078890 ER PT J AU Bradley, D Conklin, E Papastamatiou, YP McCauley, DJ Pollock, K Pollock, A Kendall, BE Gaines, SD Caselle, JE AF Bradley, Darcy Conklin, Eric Papastamatiou, Yannis P. McCauley, Douglas J. Pollock, Kydd Pollock, Amanda Kendall, Bruce E. Gaines, Steven D. Caselle, Jennifer E. TI Resetting predator baselines in coral reef ecosystems SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SHARK POPULATIONS; DENSITY; OCEAN; EXTINCTION; ISLANDS; BIOMASS; MARINE; SIZE AB What did coral reef ecosystems look like before human impacts became pervasive? Early efforts to reconstruct baselines resulted in the controversial suggestion that pristine coral reefs have inverted trophic pyramids, with disproportionally large top predator biomass. The validity of the coral reef inverted trophic pyramid has been questioned, but until now, was not resolved empirically. We use data from an eight-year tag-recapture program with spatially explicit, capture-recapture models to re-examine the population size and density of a key top predator at Palmyra atoll, the same location that inspired the idea of inverted trophic biomass pyramids in coral reef ecosystems. Given that animal movement is suspected to have significantly biased early biomass estimates of highly mobile top predators, we focused our reassessment on the most mobile and most abundant predator at Palmyra, the grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). We estimated a density of 21.3 (95% CI 17.8, 24.7) grey reef sharks/km(2), which is an order of magnitude lower than the estimates that suggested an inverted trophic pyramid. Our results indicate that the trophic structure of an unexploited reef fish community is not inverted, and that even healthy top predator populations may be considerably smaller, and more precarious, than previously thought. C1 [Bradley, Darcy; Kendall, Bruce E.; Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Conklin, Eric; Pollock, Kydd] Nature Conservancy, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [McCauley, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pollock, Amanda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Caselle, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bradley, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM darcybradley@ucsb.edu FU Koaniani Foundation; Nature Conservancy; Marisla Foundation; Benioff Ocean Initiative; NSF [CNS-0960316]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-114408]; Dr. Daniel Vapnek Fellowship (UCSB Bren School); AAUS Kathy Johnston English Scholarship; MRSEC [DMR-1121053] FX We thank The Nature Conservancy staff for support at the Palmyra Atoll research station, the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium, our volunteer field assistants including J. Calhoun, R. Carr, J. Eurich, A. Filous, J. Giddens, M. Hutchinson, S. Larned, R. Most, R. Pollock, K. Stamoulis, J. Schem, M. Shepard, R. Sylva, Y. Watanabe, and T. White. Thanks to K. Weng for use of Palmyra's passive acoustic receiver array. Funding was provided by the Koaniani Foundation (via The Nature Conservancy), Georgia and Deke Welles (via The Nature Conservancy), the Marisla Foundation (JEC), and the Benioff Ocean Initiative (DJM); the Center for Scientific Computing from the CNSI/MRL at UCSB provided access to a high-performance computer cluster (NSF CNS-0960316 and MRSEC DMR-1121053). DB was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-114408), a Dr. Daniel Vapnek Fellowship (UCSB Bren School), and an AAUS Kathy Johnston English Scholarship. This is publication number PARC-0131 from the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 7 BP 1 EP 9 AR 43131 DI 10.1038/srep43131 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL6CA UT WOS:000394706800001 PM 28220895 ER PT J AU Levandowski, W Zellman, M Briggs, R AF Levandowski, Will Zellman, Mark Briggs, Rich TI Gravitational body forces focus North American intraplate earthquakes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE CONVECTION; WESTERN GREAT-PLAINS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; UPPER-MANTLE; LITHOSPHERIC STRESS; COLORADO PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; FAULT SLIP; DENSITY; CRUSTAL AB Earthquakes far from tectonic plate boundaries generally exploit ancient faults, but not all intraplate faults are equally active. The North American Great Plains exemplify such intraplate earthquake localization, with both natural and induced seismicity generally clustered in discrete zones. Here we use seismic velocity, gravity and topography to generate a 3D lithospheric density model of the region; subsequent finite-element modelling shows that seismicity focuses in regions of high-gravity-derived deviatoric stress. Furthermore, predicted principal stress directions generally align with those observed independently in earthquake moment tensors and borehole breakouts. Body forces therefore appear to control the state of stress and thus the location and style of intraplate earthquakes in the central United States with no influence from mantle convection or crustal weakness necessary. These results show that mapping where gravitational body forces encourage seismicity is crucial to understanding and appraising intraplate seismic hazard. C1 [Levandowski, Will; Briggs, Rich] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,DFC MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zellman, Mark] Fugro Consultants Inc, 1726 Cole Blvd,Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80401 USA. RP Levandowski, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,DFC MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wlevandowski@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; NEHRP [G15AP00026] FX W.L. was funded by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. M.Z.'s participation was partially funded by NEHRP grant G15AP00026. Oliver Boyd and Chuck Mueller conducted USGS internal reviews. Tony Crone also provided comments. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14314 DI 10.1038/ncomms14314 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK9KA UT WOS:000394242000001 PM 28211459 ER PT J AU Sori, MM Byrne, S Bland, MT Bramson, AM Ermakov, AI Hamilton, CW Otto, KA Ruesch, O Russell, CT AF Sori, Michael M. Byrne, Shane Bland, Michael T. Bramson, Ali M. Ermakov, Anton I. Hamilton, Christopher W. Otto, Katharina A. Ruesch, Ottaviano Russell, Christopher T. TI The vanishing cryovolcanoes of Ceres SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER ICE; DIFFERENTIATION; SATELLITES; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; RATES AB Ahuna Mons is a 4 km tall mountain on Ceres interpreted as a geologically young cryovolcanic dome. Other possible cryovolcanic features are more ambiguous, implying that cryovolcanism is only a recent phenomenon or that other cryovolcanic structures have been modified beyond easy identification. We test the hypothesis that Cerean cryovolcanic domes viscously relax, precluding ancient domes from recognition. We use numerical models to predict flow velocities of Ahuna Mons to be 10-500 m/Myr, depending upon assumptions about ice content, rheology, grain size, and thermal parameters. Slower flow rates in this range are sufficiently fast to induce extensive relaxation of cryovolcanic structures over 10(8)-10(9) years, but gradual enough for Ahuna Mons to remain identifiable today. Positive topographic features, including a tholus underlying Ahuna Mons, may represent relaxed cryovolcanic structures. A composition for Ahuna Mons of >40% ice explains the observed distribution of cryovolcanic structures because viscous relaxation renders old cryovolcanoes unrecognizable. C1 [Sori, Michael M.; Byrne, Shane; Bramson, Ali M.; Hamilton, Christopher W.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bland, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ermakov, Anton I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Otto, Katharina A.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Ruesch, Ottaviano] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sori, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM michael.sori@gmail.com OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1243 EP 1250 DI 10.1002/2016GL072319 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN6LH UT WOS:000396115000007 ER PT J AU Gray, JL Borch, T Furlong, ET Davis, JG Yager, TJ Yang, YY Kolpin, DW AF Gray, James L. Borch, Thomas Furlong, Edward T. Davis, Jessica G. Yager, Tracy J. Yang, Yun-Ya Kolpin, Dana W. TI Rainfall-runoff of anthropogenic waste indicators from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emerging contaminants; Biosolids; Agricultural runoff; GC/MS; Non-point source pollution ID WATER TREATMENT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; STEROID ESTROGENS; FATE; TESTOSTERONE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; HORMONES; FISH; IRRIGATION; EFFLUENTS AB The presence of anthropogenic contaminants such as antimicrobials, flame-retardants, and plasticizers in runoff from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids may pose a potential threat to the environment. This study assesses the potential for rainfall-induced runoff of 69 anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs), widely found in household and industrial products, from biosolids amended field plots. The agricultural field containing the test plots was treated with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. AWIs present in soil and biosolids were isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by full-scan gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results for 18 AWIs were not evaluated due to their presence in field blank QC samples, and another 34 did not have sufficient detection frequency in samples to analyze trends in data. A total of 17 AWIs, including 4-nonylphenol, triclosan, and tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, were present in runoff With acceptable data quality and frequency for subsequent interpretation. Runoff samples were collected 5 days prior to and I, 9, and 35 days after biosolids application. Of the 17 AWIs considered, 14 were not detected in pre-application samples, or their concentrations were much smaller than in the sample collected one day after application. A range of trends was observed for individual AWI concentrations (typically from 0.1 to 10 mu g/L) over the course of the study, depending on the combination of partitioning and degradation mechanisms affecting each compound most strongly. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize anthropogenic contaminants from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters and redistribute them to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. For 14 of 17 compounds examined, the potential for runoff remobilization during rainstorms persists even after three 100-year rainstorm-equivalent simulations and the passage of a month. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, James L.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Bldg 95,POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Borch, Thomas; Davis, Jessica G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yager, Tracy J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St Suite 269, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Gray, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Bldg 95,POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlgray@usgs.gov FU Colorado Water Institute (CWI); National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award [EAR 0847683]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Emerging Contaminant Project FX This research was supported by the Colorado Water Institute (CWI) and a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award (EAR 0847683) to T. B. Support also was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Emerging Contaminant Project. The authors thank William Foreman (USGS), Corey Stephens (USGS), Jeff Writer (USGS), Adriane Elliott (CSU), and Kathy Doesken (CSU) for their invaluable technical assistance. The authors also thank Mr. Doug Lingo for the access to his farm. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in the paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 580 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv2016.03.033 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5LS UT WOS:000395353600010 PM 28024750 ER PT J AU Fahrenfeld, NI Delos Reyes, H Eramo, A Akob, DM Mumford, AC Cozzarelli, IM AF Fahrenfeld, N. I. Delos Reyes, Hannah Eramo, Alessia Akob, Denise M. Mumford, Adam C. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Shifts in microbial community structure and function in surface waters impacted by unconventional oil and gas wastewater revealed by metagenomics SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic fracturing; Dormancy and sporulation; Antibiotic resistance genes; Biocides; Sediment ID HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUIDS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; SHALE GAS; WELLS; PENNSYLVANIA; EXTRACTION; BIOCIDES; QUALITY; DISPOSAL; BASIN AB Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production produces large quantities of wastewater with complex geochemistry and largely uncharacterized impacts on surface waters. In this study, we assessed shifts in microbial community structure and function in sediments and waters upstream and downstream from a UOG wastewater disposal facility. To do this, quantitative PCR for 16S rRNA and antibiotic resistance genes along with metagenomic sequencing were performed. Elevated conductivity and markers of UOG wastewater characterized sites sampled downstream from the disposal facility compared to background sites. Shifts in overall high level functions and microbial community structure were observed between background sites and downstream sediments. Increases in Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia and decreases in Thaamarchaeota were observed at downstream sites. Genes related to dormancy and sporulation and methanogenic respiration were 18-86 times higher at downstream, impacted sites. The potential for these sediments to serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance was investigated given frequent reports of the use of biocides to control the growth of nuisance bacteria in UOG operations. A shift in resistance profiles downstream of the UOG facility was observed including increases in acrB and mexB genes encoding for multi drug efflux pumps, but not overall abundance of resistance genes. The observed shifts in microbial community structure and potential function indicate changes in respiration, nutrient cycling, and markers of stress in a stream impacted by UOG waste disposal operations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fahrenfeld, N. I.; Delos Reyes, Hannah; Eramo, Alessia] Rutgers State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, 96 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08504 USA. [Akob, Denise M.; Mumford, Adam C.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Fahrenfeld, NI (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, 96 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nfahrenf@rutgers.edu FU Douglass Project; Rutgers University School of Engineering; NLF university startup funds; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was supported by a research stipend to HDR from the Douglass Project, graduate fellowship to AE from Rutgers University School of Engineering, NLF university startup funds, and funding to DMA, IMC, and ACM from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 580 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.079 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5LS UT WOS:000395353600118 PM 28034542 ER PT J AU Barnhart, EP Davis, KJ Varonka, M Orem, W Cunningham, AB Ramsay, BD Fields, MW AF Barnhart, Elliott P. Davis, Katherine J. Varonka, Matthew Orem, William Cunningham, Alfred B. Ramsay, Bradley D. Fields, Matthew W. TI Enhanced coal-dependent methanogenesis coupled with algal biofuels: Potential water recycle and carbon capture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stimulated coal methanogenesis; Coal natural gas ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; BED METHANE; UNITED-STATES; GENERATION; RESOURCE; GAS; ACCUMULATION; CULTIVATION; POPULATIONS; CONSORTIUM AB Many coal beds contain microbial communities that can convert coal to natural gas (coalbed methane). Native microorganisms were obtained from Powder River Basin (PRB) coal seams with a diffusive microbial sampler placed downhole and used as an inoculum for enrichments with different nutrients to investigate microbially-enhanced coalbed methane production (MECoM). Coal-dependent methanogenesis more than doubled when yeast extract (YE) and several less complex components (proteins and amino acids) were added to the laboratory microcosms. Stimulated coal-dependent methanogenesis with peptone was 86% of that with YE while glutamate stimulated activity was 65% of that with YE, and a vitamin mix had only 33% of the YE stimulated activity. For field application of MECoM, there is interest in identifying cost-effective alternatives to YE and other expensive nutrients. In laboratory studies, adding algal extract (AE) with lipids removed stimulated coal-dependent methanogenesis and the activity was 60% of that with YE at 27 d and almost 90% of YE activity at 1406 d. Analysis of British Thermal Unit (BTU) content of coal (a measure of potential energy yield) from long-term incubations indicated >99.5% of BTU content remained after coalbed methane (CBM) stimulation with either AE or YE. Thus, the coal resource remains largely unchanged following stimulated microbial methane production. Algal CBM stimulation could lead to technologies that utilize coupled biological systems (photosynthesis and methane production) that sustainably enhance CBM production and generate algal biofuels while also sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license C1 [Barnhart, Elliott P.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.; Davis, Katherine J.; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Ramsay, Bradley D.; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Varonka, Matthew; Orem, William] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Barnhart, EP (reprint author), Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA.; Fields, MW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM epbarnhart@usgs.gov; matthew.fields@biofilm.montana.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FE0024068]; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; DOE ZERT Program [DE-FC2604NT42262] FX The authors would like to thank Peg Dirkx for generating the conceptual model figure. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Robin Gerlach for computational assistance and methodological guidance. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Elizabeth Meredith, John Wheaton, Simon Bierbach and Erika Peters at the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology for providing access to well HWC-01, groundwater geochemistry data and field assistance. The authors would like to thank Leslie Ruppert and Arthur Clark for insightful discussions about field applications. The authors would like to thank Drs. Richard Macur and Jacob Valenzuela for providing the lipid -extracted algae and Jacob Valenzuela. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Kristen Brileya for culturing assistance. The presented work was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0024068 and by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program. This project was also supported in part by DOE ZERT Program under grant no. DE-FC2604NT42262. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 171 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2017.01.001 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EN4GX UT WOS:000395967100006 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Ruppert, LF AF Jones, Kevin B. Ruppert, Leslie F. TI Leaching of trace elements from Pittsburgh coal mill rejects compared with coal combustion products from a coal-fired power plant in Ohio, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottom ash; Economizer fly ash; Fly ash; Leaching; Pittsburgh coal; Mill rejects ID ETTRINGITE; RESIDUES; SELENIUM; PYRITE; SULFUR; CD; SE; MO; CR AB We investigated the leachability of elements from mill rejects from thehigh-sulfur, bituminous Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal, using the synthetic groundwater leaching procedure (SGLP), long-term leaching (LTL), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and compared their leaching behavior with that of three coal combustion products (CCPs) bottom ash, economizer fly ash, and fly ash from the same coal. None of the environmentally hazardous. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) metals analyzed in the leachates from the mill rejects or the CCPs exceeded U.S. EPA toxicity characteristics (As,Ba,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb, and Se). Most trace elements leached the least from mill rejects and bottom ash and leached the most from fly ash. The elements Ca,Co,Mg,Mn, and Sr, however, were more concentrated in mill reject leachates than CCP leachates. Most trace elements increased in concentration with increasing SGLP and LTL leaching duration, but As and V decreased in concentration with time in mill reject leachates, suggesting sorption or precipitation of these elements was occurring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Kevin B.; Ruppert, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kevinjones@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program FX We thank the operators of the Ohio power plant for allowing collection of samples and publication of our analyses, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency for providing groundwater samples. Comments from Harvey Belkin (U.S. Geological Survey) and two anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program.; Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 171 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2017.01.002 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EN4GX UT WOS:000395967100010 ER PT J AU Patrick, M Orr, T Fisher, G Trusdell, F Kauahikaua, J AF Patrick, Matthew Orr, Tim Fisher, Gary Trusdell, Frank Kauahikaua, James TI Thermal mapping of a pahoehoe laVa flow, Kilauea Volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pahoehoe lava flow; Thermal imagery; Structure from motion; Hazard monitoring ID MAUNA-ULU; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; HAWAII; SURFACE; TUBE; EMPLACEMENT; KUPAIANAHA; INFLATION; ERUPTION; LENGTHS AB Pahoehoe lava flows are a major component of Hawaiian eruptive activity, and an important part of basaltic volcanisth worldwide. In recent years, pahoehoe lava has destroyed homes and threatened parts of Hawaii with inundation and disruption. In this study, we use oblique helicopter-borne thermal images to create high spatial resolution (similar to 1 m) georeferenced thermal maps of the active pahoehoe flow on Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone. Thermal maps were created on 27 days during 2014-2016 in the course of operational monitoring, encompassing a phase of activity that threatened the town of Pahoa. Our results illustrate and reinforce how pahoehoe flows are multicomponent systems consisting of the vent, master tube, distributary tubes, and surface breakouts. The thermal maps accurately depict the distribution and character of pahoehoe breakouts through time, and also delineate the subsurface lava tube. Surface breakouts were distributed widely across the pahoehoe flow, with significant portions concurrently active well upslope of the flow front, often concentrated in clusters of activity that evolved through time. Gradual changes to surface breakout distribution and migration relate to intrinsic processes in the flow, including the slow evolution of the distributary tube system. Abrupt disruptions to this system, and the creation of new breakouts (and associated hazards), were triggered by extrinsic forcing namely fluctuations in lava supply rate at the vent which disrupted the master lava tube. Although the total area of a pahoehoe flow has been suggested to relate to effusion rate, our results show that changes in the proportion of expansion vs. overplating can complicate this relationship. By modifying existing techniques, we estimate time-averaged discharge rates for the flow during 2014-2016 generally in the range of 1-2 m(3) s(-1) (mean: 13 +/- 0.4 m(3) s(-1)) less than half of Kilauea's typical eruption rate on the East Rift Zone and suggestive of a weak eruptive regime during 2014-2016. We caution, however, that this discharge rate approach requires further independent corroboration. The thermal maps provide the first synoptic characterization of pahoehoe flow activity at high spatial resolution, essential both for operational hazard assessment and fundamental understanding of pahoehoe behavior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patrick, Matthew; Orr, Tim; Trusdell, Frank; Kauahikaua, James] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Fisher, Gary] US Geol Survey, Adv Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-562, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Patrick, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX Discussions with Ken Hon improved the manuscript significantly, and we thank him for sharing the original Kalapana flow cooling data. We thank pilot David Okita for considerable assistance with image collection. The thermal camera was purchased with funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Reviews by S. Rowland, C. Hamilton and H. Dietterich greatly improved the manuscript. The use. of brand names is for information only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 332 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.12.007 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9EA UT WOS:000395613000005 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA Whelan, KRT Alvarez, D Echols, K Peterman, PH AF Bargar, Timothy A. Whelan, Kevin R. T. Alvarez, David Echols, Kathy Peterman, Paul H. TI Baseline aquatic contamination and endocrine status in a resident fish of Biscayne National Park SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Biscayne Bay; Polar organic chemical integrative sampler; SPMD; Yeast estrogen screen; Wetland; Wastewater ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; URBAN STORMWATER; WATER; BAY; ESTROGENS; VITELLOGENIN; DISCHARGE; ESTUARIES AB Surface water, sediment, and fish from Biscayne Bay, coastal wetlands adjacent to the Bay, and canals discharging into the Bay were sampled for determination of baseline contamination in Biscayne National Park. While the number of contaminants detected in canal waters was greater during the wet season than the dry season, no seasonal difference was evident for Biscayne Bay or coastal wetland waters. Estrogen equivalency (as 17 beta-estradiol equivalents), as predicted by the Yeast Estrogen Screen, for extracts of passive water samplers deployed in canals and wetlands was elevated during the wet relative to the dry season. Generally, contamination in water, sediments, and fish was greater in the canals than in Biscayne Bay and the wetlands. Guideline levels for sediment contaminant were exceeded most frequently in canals relative to the coastal wetlands and the Bay. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the impact of contaminants in Biscayne National Park. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bargar, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Whelan, Kevin R. T.] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Caribbean Network Inventory & Monit, 18001 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33157 USA. [Alvarez, David; Echols, Kathy; Peterman, Paul H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM tbargar@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water Quality Program, National Park Service Water Quality Partnership FX The authors wish to thank the staff of the National Park Service's South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network as well as of Biscayne National Park for their assistance in the field. We also wish to thank Carla Wieser whose help in the field and laboratory was critical for completion of this project. This research was conducted under Biscayne National Park permit #BISC-2010-SCI-0046 and Everglades National Park permit #EVER-2010-SCI-0083. This research was funded by the USGS National Water Quality Program, National Park Service Water Quality Partnership. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.044 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1RX UT WOS:000394399800076 PM 28012734 ER PT J AU Batts, WN LaPatra, SE Katona, R Leis, E Ng, TFF Brieuc, MSO Breyta, RB Purcell, MK Conway, CM Waltzek, TB Delwart, E Winton, JR AF Batts, William N. LaPatra, Scott E. Katona, Ryan Leis, Eric Ng, Terry Fei Fan Brieuc, Marine S. O. Breyta, Rachel B. Purcell, Maureen K. Conway, Carla M. Waltzek, Thomas B. Delwart, Eric Winton, James R. TI Molecular characterization of a novel orthomyxovirus from rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Orthomyxovirus; Rainbow trout; Fish virus; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID INFECTIOUS-SALMON-ANEMIA; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; NUCLEAR EXPORT; NS1 PROTEIN; SALAR L.; DOMAINS; GENOME; CELLS; ISAV AB A novel virus, rainbow trout orthomyxovirus (RbtOV), was isolated in 1997 and again in 2000 from commercially-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Idaho, USA. The virus grew optimally in the CHSE-214 cell line at 15 degrees C producing a diffuse cytopathic effect; however, juvenile rainbow trout exposed to cell culture-grown virus showed no mortality or gross pathology. Electron microscopy of preparations from infected cell cultures revealed the presence of typical orthomyxovirus particles. The complete genome of RbtOV is comprised of eight linear segments of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA having highly conserved 5' and 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences. Another virus isolated in 2014 from steelhead trout (also O. mykiss) in Wisconsin, USA, and designated SttOV was found to have eight genome segments with high amino acid sequence identities (89-99%) to the corresponding genes of RbtOV, suggesting these new viruses are isolates of the same virus species and may be more widespread than currently realized. The new isolates had the same genome segment order and the closest pairwise amino acid sequence identities of 16-42% with Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), the type species and currently only member of the genus Isavirus in the family Orthomyxoviridae. However, pairwise comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences of the 10 RbtOV and SttOV proteins with orthologs from representatives of the established orthomyxoviral genera and a phylogenetic analysis using the PB1 protein showed that while RbtOV and SttOV clustered most closely with ISAV, they diverged sufficiently to merit consideration as representatives of a novel genus. A set of PCR primers was designed using conserved regions of the PB1 gene to produce amplicons that may be sequenced for identification of similar fish orthomyxoviruses in the future. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batts, William N.; Purcell, Maureen K.; Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Katona, Ryan; Leis, Eric] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Ng, Terry Fei Fan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Breyta, Rachel B.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Waltzek, Thomas B.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Delwart, Eric] Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Batts, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bbatts@usgs.gov OI Ng, Terry Fei Fan/0000-0002-4815-8697 FU US Geological Survey; Blood Systems Research; USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership FX Jerry Jones and Bill Shewmaker sampled the juvenile rainbow trout and inoculated the cell cultures at Clear Springs Foods. Susan Marcquenski, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, collected the steelhead trout samples. The authors would like to thank Jacob Gregg at the Marrowstone Field Station, Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey for initial efforts at analyzing the next generation sequencing data for RbtOV-1. We thank Bobbie Schneider, Manager of the Electron Microscopy Core Service Laboratory at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center for her assistance in obtaining the EM images of RbtOV. Partial funding for this research came from the US Geological Survey, Blood Systems Research, and the USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government, private company, or any affiliated University. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 230 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EL1QL UT WOS:000394396000006 PM 28088362 ER PT J AU Delorey, AA van der Elst, NJ Johnson, PA AF Delorey, Andrew A. van der Elst, Nicholas J. Johnson, Paul A. TI Tidal triggering of earthquakes suggests poroelastic behavior on the San Andreas Fault SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seismology; earthquake triggering; California; Earth tides; pore pressure ID LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; EARTH TIDES; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; FLUID PRESSURE; STRESS; TREMOR; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; VOLCANO; SEISMICITY AB Tidal triggering of earthquakes is hypothesized to provide quantitative information regarding the fault's stress state, poroelastic properties, and may be significant for our understanding of seismic hazard. To date, studies of regional or global earthquake catalogs have had only modest successes in identifying tidal triggering. We posit that the smallest events that may provide additional evidence of triggering go unidentified and thus we developed a technique to improve the identification of very small magnitude events. We identify events applying a method known as inter-station seismic coherence where we prioritize detection and discrimination over characterization. Here we show tidal triggering of earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. We find the complex interaction of semi-diurnal and fortnightly tidal periods exposes both stress threshold and critical state behavior. Our findings reveal earthquake nucleation processes and pore pressure conditions-properties of faults that are difficult to measure, yet extremely important for characterizing earthquake physics and seismic hazards. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Delorey, Andrew A.; Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Mailstop D446, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [van der Elst, Nicholas J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Delorey, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Mailstop D446, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM andrew.delorey@lanl.gov; nvanderelst@usgs.gov; paj@lanl.gov OI Delorey, Andrew/0000-0002-5573-8251 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the subTER Crosscut; Mendenhall postdoctoral program FX Waveform data, metadata, or data products for this study were accessed through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), http://dx.doi.org/10.7932/NCEDC and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) http://dx.doi.org/10.7909/C3WD3xH1. The LFE catalog is provided by David Shelly and is an update to the Shelly and Hardebeck (Shelly and Hardebeck, 2010) catalog. The authors wish to thank Earl Lawrence for consultations on statistical methods. AD and PJ received support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the subTER Crosscut and institutional support from Los Alamos National Laboratory. NV received support from the Mendenhall postdoctoral program for this study. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 460 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.014 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ1ZF UT WOS:000393008500018 ER PT J AU Deng, YF Levandowski, W Kusky, T AF Deng, Yangfan Levandowski, Will Kusky, Tim TI Lithospheric density structure beneath the Tarim basin and surroundings, northwestern China, from the joint inversion of gravity and topography SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE joint inversion; lithospheric density; Tarim basin; oceanic plateau; strain partition; depleted mantle lithosphere ID ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; UPPER-MANTLE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SEISMIC VELOCITY; TIEN-SHAN; NW CHINA; WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; OCEANIC PLATEAU; OROGENIC BELT; UNITED-STATES AB Intraplate strain generally focuses in discrete zones, but despite the profound impact of this partitioning on global tectonics, geodynamics, and seismic hazard, the processes by which deformation becomes localized are not well understood. Such heterogeneous intraplate strain is exemplified in central Asia, where the Indo-Eurasian collision has caused widespread deformation while the Tarim block has experienced minimal Cenozoic shortening. The apparent stability of Tarim may arise either because strain is dominantly accommodated by pre-existing faults in the continental suture zones that bound it essentially discretizing Eurasia into microplates or because the lithospheric-scale strength (i.e., viscosity) of the Tarim block is greater than its surroundings. Here, we jointly analyze seismic velocity, gravity, topography, and temperature to develop a 3-0 density model of the crust and upper mantle in this region. The Tarim crust is characterized by high density, v(s), v(p), and v(p)/v(s), consistent with a dominantly mafic composition and with the presence of an oceanic plateau beneath Tarim. Low-density but high-velocity mantle lithosphere beneath southern (southwestern) Tarim underlies a suite of Permian plume-related mafic intrusions and A-type granites sourced in previously depleted mantle lithosphere; we posit that this region was further depleted, dehydrated, and strengthened by Permian plume magmatism. The actively deforming western and southern margins of Tarim-the Tien Shan, Kunlun Shan, and Altyn Tagh fault-are underlain by buoyant upper mantle with low velocity; we hypothesize that this material has been hydrated by mantle-derived fluids that have preferentially migrated along Paleozoic continental sutures. Such hydrous material should be weak, and herein strain focuses there because of lithospheric-scale variations in rheology rather than the pre-existence of faults in the brittle crust. Thus this world-class example of strain partitioning arises not simply from the pre-existence of brittle faults but from the thermo-chemical and therefore rheological variations inherited from prior tectonism. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Deng, Yangfan] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Isotope Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Deng, Yangfan] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Levandowski, Will] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kusky, Tim] China Univ Geosci, Ctr Global Tecton, Sch Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Deng, YF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Isotope Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangfandeng@gig.ac.cn; wlevandowski@usgs.gov FU Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB18020201]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41504069]; State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry [SKBIG-RC-14-03]; USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship FX We are very grateful to Dr. Xuewei Bao and Jiangtao Li for providing us their seismic velocity model. We appreciate Prof. Yigang Xu and Dr. Qiang Ma for valuable discussions. This research was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDB18020201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41504069) and State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry (SKBIG-RC-14-03) to YFD, the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship to WL. Gravity, topography, and density modeling codes are available at https://github.com/wlevandowski-usgs/Tarim. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the manuscript. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 460 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.051 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ1ZF UT WOS:000393008500026 ER PT J AU Piegay, H Moulin, B Hupp, CR AF Piegay, Herve Moulin, Bertrand Hupp, Cliff R. TI Assessment of transfer patterns and origins of in-channel wood in large rivers using repeated field surveys and wood characterisation (the Isere River upstream of Pontcharra, France) SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY JUL, 2015 CL Padova, ITALY SP Univ Padova, Dept Land & Agroforest Environm, Univ Trento, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Free Univ Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol DE Bank erosion; Trace-element (metals) content; Flow experiment; Wood macromorphology; Wood tracking; Wood budgeting; Physical abrasion; Taxonomic analysis ID FLUVIAL PROCESSES; HEADWATER STREAM; FLUME EXPERIMENT; WESTERN OREGON; AIN RIVER; DEBRIS; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; USA AB When and whence does wood enter large mountain alluvial rivers? How stable through time are characteristics and quantities of wood deposited in a reach? These simple questions related to the complex practice of wood budgeting are explored on the Isere River in France. We hypothesise that (i) the wood originates from the riparian zone all along the alluvial reach and that (ii) the characters and quantity of wood in the reach can vary through time according to flood occurrence and provenance. In order to validate these hypotheses, two complementary approaches were performed: (i) wood pieces were surveyed along 190 km river length and taxonomy, in-channel wood macromorphology, and dendrochemistry were used to infer wood origin (local vs. upstream, respective subbasin contributions) and transport conditions; (ii) wood movement was monitored using both tracking techniques in specific sampling plots and with an experiment orchestrated using wood placement coupled with a significant artificial flood. Surveys were done over a period of 3 years so as to include two distinct sampling events to explore wood deposition and mobilisation within a channel network under different flood conditions. One of the subbasins, the Arly River, underwent a 1-in-30-year flood in 2004, allowing us to assess its effect on in-channel wood quantity and characteristics. Results confirm that wood is primarily introduced by erosion from river banks but they are not always as close as expected from the sites of deposition. Temporal variability of wood introduced, deposited, and transferred downstream is also significant in terms of abundance and origin as shown by dendrochemical and macromorphological signatures. The types of wood observed along the channel length changes through time. Large flood signature can be detected from wood characteristics and uplands make a slight contribution. But in average, wood characteristics do not change much (no significant difference between years and tributaries in wood characteristics based on discriminant analysis). Data suggest that the interannual variability is fairly low, so that the diversity of wood characteristics is maintained by the complex and multiple sources of wood in the network. Further research is needed to better understand such patterns and to study physical breakage in space and time to better infer distance between sources and depositional zones. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Piegay, Herve; Moulin, Bertrand] Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5600, ENS, Lyon, France. [Hupp, Cliff R.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. EM herve.piegay@ens-lyon.fr NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 279 SI SI BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.020 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EI5SN UT WOS:000392555100003 ER PT J AU Hileman, ET King, RB Adamski, JM Anton, TG Bailey, RL Baker, SJ Bieser, ND Bell, TA Bissell, KM Bradke, DR Campa, H Casper, GS Cedar, K Cross, MD DeGregorio, BA Dreslik, MJ Faust, LJ Harvey, DS Hay, RW Jellen, BC Johnson, BD Johnson, G Kiel, BD Kingsbury, BA Kowalski, MJ Lee, YM Lentini, AM Marshall, JC Mauger, D Moore, JA Paloski, RA Phillips, CA Pratt, PD Preney, T Prior, KA Promaine, A Redmer, M Reinert, HK Rouse, JD Shoemaker, KT Sutton, S VanDeWalle, TJ Weatherhead, PJ Wynn, D Yagi, A AF Hileman, Eric T. King, Richard B. Adamski, John M. Anton, Thomas G. Bailey, Robyn L. Baker, Sarah J. Bieser, Nickolas D. Bell, Thomas A., Jr. Bissell, Kristin M. Bradke, Danielle R. Campa, Henry, III Casper, Gary S. Cedar, Karen Cross, Matthew D. DeGregorio, Brett A. Dreslik, Michael J. Faust, Lisa J. Harvey, Daniel S. Hay, Robert W. Jellen, Benjamin C. Johnson, Brent D. Johnson, Glenn Kiel, Brooke D. Kingsbury, Bruce A. Kowalski, Matthew J. Lee, Yu Man Lentini, Andrew M. Marshall, John C. Mauger, David Moore, Jennifer A. Paloski, Rori A. Phillips, Christopher A. Pratt, Paul D. Preney, Thomas Prior, Kent A. Promaine, Andrew Redmer, Michael Reinert, Howard K. Rouse, Jeremy D. Shoemaker, Kevin T. Sutton, Scott VanDeWalle, Terry J. Weatherhead, Patrick J. Wynn, Doug Yagi, Anne TI Climatic and geographic predictors of life history variation in Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus): A range-wide synthesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; SNAKE THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; BODY-SIZE VARIATION; BERGMANNS RULE; HABITAT SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ENDANGERED RATTLESNAKE; NORTHERN POPULATION; THERMAL ECOLOGY; SPATIAL ECOLOGY AB Elucidating how life history traits vary geographically is important to understanding variation in population dynamics. Because many aspects of ectotherm life history are climate-dependent, geographic variation in climate is expected to have a large impact on population dynamics through effects on annual survival, body size, growth rate, age at first reproduction, size-fecundity relationship, and reproductive frequency. The Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) is a small, imperiled North American rattlesnake with a distribution centered on the Great Lakes region, where lake effects strongly influence local conditions. To address Eastern Massasauga life history data gaps, we compiled data from 47 study sites representing 38 counties across the range. We used multimodel inference and general linear models with geographic coordinates and annual climate normals as explanatory variables to clarify patterns of variation in life history traits. We found strong evidence for geographic variation in six of nine life history variables. Adult female snout-vent length and neonate mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Litter size decreased with increasing mean temperature, and the size-fecundity relationship and growth prior to first hibernation both increased with increasing latitude. The proportion of gravid females also increased with increasing latitude, but this relationship may be the result of geographically varying detection bias. Our results provide insights into ectotherm life history variation and fill critical data gaps, which will inform Eastern Massasauga conservation efforts by improving biological realism for models of population viability and climate change. C1 [Hileman, Eric T.; King, Richard B.] Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Adamski, John M.] Seneca Pk Zoo, Rochester, NY USA. [Anton, Thomas G.] Field Museum, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL USA. [Bailey, Robyn L.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Baker, Sarah J.; Dreslik, Michael J.; Phillips, Christopher A.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL USA. [Bieser, Nickolas D.; Kingsbury, Bruce A.; Marshall, John C.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Bell, Thomas A., Jr.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. [Bissell, Kristin M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, Grass Lake, MI USA. [Bradke, Danielle R.; Kiel, Brooke D.; Moore, Jennifer A.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Campa, Henry, III] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Casper, Gary S.] Univ Wisconsin, Field Stn, Saukville, WI USA. [Cedar, Karen] Ojibway Nat Ctr, Windsor, ON, Canada. [Cross, Matthew D.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [DeGregorio, Brett A.; Harvey, Daniel S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Faust, Lisa J.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Alexander Ctr Appl Populat Biol, Chicago, IL USA. [Hay, Robert W.] Turtles Tomorrow, Madison, WI USA. [Jellen, Benjamin C.] Urban Chestnut Brewing Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Johnson, Brent D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Johnson, Glenn] SUNY Coll Potsdam, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Kowalski, Matthew J.] Chesapeake Bay Fdn, Richmond, VA USA. [Lee, Yu Man] Michigan State Univ Extens, Michigan Nat Features Inventory, Lansing, MI USA. [Lentini, Andrew M.] Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, Canada. [Mauger, David] Forest Preserve Dist Lake Cty, Libertyville, IL USA. [Paloski, Rori A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Nat Heritage Conservat, Madison, WI USA. [Pratt, Paul D.; Preney, Thomas] Ojibway Nat Ctr, Windsor, ON, Canada. [Prior, Kent A.] Pk Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Promaine, Andrew; Sutton, Scott] Pk Canada, Midland, ON, Canada. [Redmer, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chicago, IL USA. [Reinert, Howard K.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Biol, Ewing, NJ USA. [Rouse, Jeremy D.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Parry Sound, ON, Canada. [Shoemaker, Kevin T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [VanDeWalle, Terry J.] Stantec Consulting Serv Inc, Independence, IA USA. [Weatherhead, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wynn, Doug] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yagi, Anne] Minist Nat Resources, Vineland Stn, ON, Canada. RP Hileman, ET (reprint author), Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM hileman.et@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Edward Lowe Foundation; Northern Illinois University; Columbus Zoo; EMR SSP; Fort Wayne Children's Zoo; Potawatomi Zoo FX This work was supported by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Edward Lowe Foundation, Northern Illinois University, Columbus Zoo, EMR SSP, Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, and Potawatomi Zoo. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 150 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0172011 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172011 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL2BA UT WOS:000394423900043 ER PT J AU McNally, A Arsenault, K Kumar, S Shukla, S Peterson, P Wang, SG Funk, C Peters-Lidard, CD Verdin, JP AF McNally, Amy Arsenault, Kristi Kumar, Sujay Shukla, Shraddhanand Peterson, Pete Wang, Shugong Funk, Chris Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Verdin, James P. TI Data Descriptor: A land data assimilation system for sub-Saharan Africa food and water security applications SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article; Data Paper ID SATELLITE RAINFALL PRODUCTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; WEST-AFRICA; EAST-AFRICA; SURFACE MODEL; PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY; DROUGHT; FRAMEWORK; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION AB Seasonal agricultural drought monitoring systems, which rely on satellite remote sensing and land surface models (LSMs), are important for disaster risk reduction and famine early warning. These systems require the best available weather inputs, as well as a long-term historical record to contextualize current observations. This article introduces the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS), a custom instance of the NASA Land Information System (LIS) framework. The FLDAS is routinely used to produce multi-model and multi-forcing estimates of hydro-climate states and fluxes over semi-arid, food insecure regions of Africa. These modeled data and derived products, like soil moisture percentiles and water availability, were designed and are currently used to complement FEWS NET's operational remotely sensed rainfall, evapotranspiration, and vegetation observations. The 30+ years of monthly outputs from the FLDAS simulations are publicly available from the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) and recommended for use in hydroclimate studies, early warning applications, and by agro-meteorological scientists in Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa. C1 [McNally, Amy] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [McNally, Amy; Arsenault, Kristi; Kumar, Sujay; Wang, Shugong; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arsenault, Kristi; Wang, Shugong] SAIC Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Peterson, Pete; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Peterson, Pete; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris; Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. RP McNally, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; McNally, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amy.l.mcnally@nasa.gov RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA Earth Science Applications: Water Resources program [13-WATER13-0010]; NASA ROSES [08-0070]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the NASA Earth Science Applications: Water Resources program award 13-WATER13-0010. Computing was supported by the resources at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS).; Initial support was provided by NASA ROSES Decisions-08-0070 'A Land Data Assimilation System for Famine Early Warning', continued support provided by FEWS NET's Participating Agency Program Agreement Water Availability Monitoring Activity. Some analyses and visualizations used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. Distribution of data from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). We would also like to thank Diego Pedreros for WRSI estimates, Shahriar Pervez for feedback on remotely sensed and FLDAS soil moisture comparisons, and Greg Husak for feedback on earlier versions of the figures and analysis. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 4 AR UNSP 170012 DI 10.1038/sdata.2017.12 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK3VF UT WOS:000393855800002 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Hoover, D Hubbard, DM Snyder, A Ludka, BC Allan, J Kaminsky, GM Ruggiero, P Gallien, TW Gabel, L McCandless, D Weiner, HM Cohn, N Anderson, DL Serafin, KA AF Barnard, Patrick L. Hoover, Daniel Hubbard, David M. Snyder, Alex Ludka, Bonnie C. Allan, Jonathan Kaminsky, George M. Ruggiero, Peter Gallien, Timu W. Gabel, Laura McCandless, Diana Weiner, Heather M. Cohn, Nicholas Anderson, Dylan L. Serafin, Katherine A. TI Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015-2016 El Nino SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WAVE CLIMATE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA DROUGHT; EASTERN PACIFIC; LITTORAL CELL; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; EVENTS; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability across the Pacific Ocean basin, with influence on the global climate. The two end members of the cycle, El Nino and La Nina, force anomalous oceanographic conditions and coastal response along the Pacific margin, exposing many heavily populated regions to increased coastal flooding and erosion hazards. However, a quantitative record of coastal impacts is spatially limited and temporally restricted to only the most recent events. Here we report on the oceanographic forcing and coastal response of the 2015-2016 El Nino, one of the strongest of the last 145 years. We show that winter wave energy equalled or exceeded measured historical maxima across the US West Coast, corresponding to anomalously large beach erosion across the region. Shorelines in many areas retreated beyond previously measured landward extremes, particularly along the sediment-starved California coast. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Hoover, Daniel; Snyder, Alex] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hubbard, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ludka, Bonnie C.; Gallien, Timu W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Allan, Jonathan; Gabel, Laura] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kaminsky, George M.; McCandless, Diana; Weiner, Heather M.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Ruggiero, Peter; Cohn, Nicholas; Serafin, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gallien, Timu W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Anderson, Dylan L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov OI Barnard, Patrick/0000-0003-1414-6476 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers; California Department of Parks and Recreation; Division of Boating and Waterways; United States Geological Survey; Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS); National Science Foundation FX Beach survey data collection was funded by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways, United States Geological Survey, Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS) and the National Science Foundation. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14365 DI 10.1038/ncomms14365 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK3VY UT WOS:000393857700001 PM 28195580 ER PT J AU Randt, LA Benscoter, AM Harvey, R Speroterra, C Bucklin, D Romanach, SS Watling, JI Mazzotti, FJ AF Randt, Laura A. Benscoter, Allison M. Harvey, Rebecca Speroterra, Carolina Bucklin, David Romanach, Stephanie S. Watling, James I. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Comparison of climate envelope models developed using expert-selected variables versus statistical selection SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate adaptation; Conservation planning; Expert opinion; Florida; Threatened and endangered species ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIOCLIMATIC ENVELOPE; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; RANGE SHIFTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OPINION; PERFORMANCE; SCALE AB Climate envelope models are widely used to describe potential future distribution of species under different climate change scenarios. It is broadly recognized that there are both strengths and limitations to using climate envelope models and that outcomes are sensitive to initial assumptions, inputs, and modeling methods Selection of predictor variables, a central step in modeling, is one of the areas where different techniques can yield varying results. Selection of climate variables to use as predictors is often done using statistical approaches that develop correlations between occurrences and climate data. These approaches have received criticism in that they rely on the statistical properties of the data rather than directly incorporating biological information about species responses to temperature and precipitation. We evaluated and compared models and prediction maps for 15 threatened or endangered species in Florida based on two variable selection techniques: expert opinion and a statistical method. We compared model performance between these two approaches for contemporary predictions, and the spatial correlation, spatial overlap and area predicted for contemporary and future climate predictions. In general, experts identified more variables as being important than the statistical method and there was low overlap in the variable sets (<40%) between the two methods Despite these differences in variable sets (expert versus statistical), models had high performance metrics (>0.9 for area under the curve (AUC) and >0.7 for true skill statistic (TSS). Spatial overlap, which compares the spatial configuration between maps constructed using the different variable selection techniques, was only moderate overall (about 60%), with a great deal of variability across species. Difference in spatial overlap was even greater under future climate projections, indicating additional divergence of model outputs from different variable selection techniques. Our work is in agreement with other studies which have found that for broad-scale species distribution modeling, using statistical methods of variable selection is a useful first step, especially when there is a need to model a large number of species or expert knowledge of the species is limited. Expert input can then be used to refine models that seem unrealistic or for species that experts believe are particularly sensitive to change. It also emphasizes the importance of using multiple models to reduce uncertainty and improve map outputs for conservation planning. Where outputs overlap or show the same direction of change there is greater certainty in the predictions. Areas of disagreement can be used for learning by asking why the models do not agree, and may highlight areas where additional on-the-ground data collection could improve the models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Randt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Benscoter, Allison M.; Harvey, Rebecca; Speroterra, Carolina; Bucklin, David; Watling, James I.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Benscoter, Allison M.; Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, 3321 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Watling, James I.] John Carroll Univ, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. RP Randt, LA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Laura_brandt@fws.gov; sromanach@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit); U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science) FX Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit) and U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank L. Pearlstine for support and encouragement throughout the project and the following people for providing valuable input in development and completion of the survey: K. Ashton, M. Barrett, O. Bass, R. Beilfuss, C. Belden, R. Bennetts, R. Bowman, D. Breininger, V. Briggs, B. Brooks, L. Bryan, F. Chavez-Ramirez, M. Cherkiss, J. Cohen, J. Curnutt, F. Cuthbert, J. Dwyer, J. Fitzpatrick, M. Folk, E. Forys, P. Frederick, K. Hart, N. Hyslop, D. Jansen, W. Kitchens, D. LaFever, D. Land, R. Lopez, J. Martin, E. McCoy, J.M. Meyers, J. Morrison, R. Murphy, H. Mushinsky, I. Nisbet, E. Pearlstine, D. Perkins, J. Ramos, C. Rudolph, D. Saenz, J. Saliva, G. Shriver, N. Silvy, D. Stevenson, P. Vickery, T. Virzi, J. Walters, and R. Zambrano. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 345 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.016 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ5HP UT WOS:000393248700002 ER PT J AU Barnosky, AD Hadly, EA Gonzalez, P Head, J Polly, PD Lawing, AM Eronen, JT Ackerly, DD Alex, K Biber, E Blois, J Brashares, J Ceballos, G Davis, E Dietl, GP Dirzo, R Doremus, H Fortelius, M Greene, HW Hellmann, J Hickler, T Jackson, ST Kemp, M Koch, PL Kremen, C Lindsey, EL Looy, C Marshall, CR Mendenhall, C Mulch, A Mychajliw, AM Nowak, C Ramakrishnan, U Schnitzler, J Das Shrestha, K Solari, K Stegner, L Stegner, MA Stenseth, NC Wake, MH Zhang, ZB AF Barnosky, Anthony D. Hadly, Elizabeth A. Gonzalez, Patrick Head, Jason Polly, P. David Lawing, A. Michelle Eronen, Jussi T. Ackerly, David D. Alex, Ken Biber, Eric Blois, Jessica Brashares, Justin Ceballos, Gerardo Davis, Edward Dietl, Gregory P. Dirzo, Rodolfo Doremus, Holly Fortelius, Mikael Greene, Harry W. Hellmann, Jessica Hickler, Thomas Jackson, Stephen T. Kemp, Melissa Koch, Paul L. Kremen, Claire Lindsey, Emily L. Looy, Cindy Marshall, Charles R. Mendenhall, Chase Mulch, Andreas Mychajliw, Alexis M. Nowak, Carsten Ramakrishnan, Uma Schnitzler, Jan Das Shrestha, Kashish Solari, Katherine Stegner, Lynn Stegner, M. Allison Stenseth, Nils Chr Wake, Marvalee H. Zhang, Zhibin TI Merging paleobiology with conservation biology to guide the future of terrestrial ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID CONSERVING NATURES STAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MAMMALIAN RESPONSE; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOLOGY; AMAZON; FOREST; TRAITS AB Conservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts are pervasive and accelerating. Under this rapid global change, maximizing conservation success requires a paradigm shift from maintaining ecosystems in idealized past states toward facilitating their adaptive and functional capacities, even as species ebb and flow individually. Developing effective strategies under this new paradigm will require deeper understanding of the long-term dynamics that govern ecosystem persistence and reconciliation of conflicts among approaches to conserving historical versus novel ecosystems. Integrating emerging information from conservation biology, paleobiology, and the Earth sciences is an important step forward on the path to success. Maintaining nature in all its aspects will also entail immediately addressing the overarching threats of growing human population, overconsumption, pollution, and climate change. C1 [Barnosky, Anthony D.] Stanford Univ, Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.; Lindsey, Emily L.; Marshall, Charles R.; Stegner, M. Allison; Wake, Marvalee H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.; Lindsey, Emily L.; Marshall, Charles R.; Stegner, M. Allison; Wake, Marvalee H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hadly, Elizabeth A.] Stanford Univ, Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve, Dept Biol,Ctr Innovat Global Hlth, Dept Geol Sci,Woods Inst Environm, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick; Brashares, Justin; Kremen, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head, Jason] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Polly, P. David] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Lawing, A. Michelle] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Eronen, Jussi T.; Mulch, Andreas; Schnitzler, Jan] Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Eronen, Jussi T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Eronen, Jussi T.] BIOS Res Unit, Kalliolanrinne 4, Helsinki, Finland. [Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alex, Ken] Calif Governors Off Planning & Res, POB 3044, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Biber, Eric; Doremus, Holly] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Law, Boalt Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blois, Jessica] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Ceballos, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, CU, Ap Post 70-275, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Davis, Edward] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Dietl, Gregory P.] Paleontol Res Inst, 1259 Trumansburg Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Dietl, Gregory P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dirzo, Rodolfo; Mychajliw, Alexis M.; Solari, Katherine] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94303 USA. [Fortelius, Mikael] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Fortelius, Mikael] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Greene, Harry W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hellmann, Jessica] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hickler, Thomas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hickler, Thomas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kemp, Melissa] Harvard Univ, Ctr Environm, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Looy, Cindy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Museum Paleontol, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mendenhall, Chase] Stanford Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mendenhall, Chase] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Mulch, Andreas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Nowak, Carsten] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. [Nowak, Carsten] Nat Hist Museum Frankfurt, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. [Ramakrishnan, Uma] Tata Inst Fundamental Res GKVK, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bellary Rd, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Schnitzler, Jan] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Das Shrestha, Kashish] City Museum, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Stegner, Lynn] Stanford Univ, Continuing Studies Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stenseth, Nils Chr] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Zhang, Zhibin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Insects & Rod, 1 Beichen West Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Lindsey, Emily L.] Brea Tar Pits & Museum, 5801 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90036 USA. [Stegner, M. Allison] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tonybarnosky@stanford.edu RI Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013; Blois, Jessica/G-5893-2011; OI Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561; Blois, Jessica/0000-0003-4048-177X; Barnosky, Anthony/0000-0003-0265-7113; Polly, P. David/0000-0001-7338-8526 FU Integrative Climate Change Biology Group (a scientific program of the International Union of Biological Sciences); Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology; Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Berkeley; Conservation Paleobiology Group at the Department of Biology, Stanford University; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany; National Science Foundation [NSF EAR-1338028, NSF EAR-13388298]; NSF [EAR-1148181] FX We thank the financial sponsors of the workshop at which these ideas were formulated: the Integrative Climate Change Biology Group (a scientific program of the International Union of Biological Sciences); the Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology, and Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Berkeley; the Conservation Paleobiology Group at the Department of Biology, Stanford University; and the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany. J. Head and P.D.P. were additionally funded by National Science Foundation ELT (Earth-Life Transitions) awards NSF EAR-1338028 (J. Head) and NSF EAR-13388298 (P.D.P.). A.D.B. and C.R.M. were partly funded by NSF grant EAR-1148181. We are especially grateful to V. Bowie for logistical support and graduate student helpers A. Poust, S. Elshafie, and P. Kloess. We thank D. Thomas for his production of tiger maps that were modified for Fig. 5 and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute for granting permission to use the maps (original versions are available at www.BioInteractive.org, copyright 2014, all rights reserved). E. Holt, N. Spano, B. Stein, Zixiang Zhang, and anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 355 IS 6325 BP 594 EP + DI 10.1126/science.aah4787 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK0SF UT WOS:000393636700038 ER PT J AU Jones, MT Milligan, WR Kats, LB Vandergon, TL Honeycutt, RL Fisher, RN Davis, CL Lucas, TA AF Jones, Marjorie T. Milligan, William R. Kats, Lee B. Vandergon, Thomas L. Honeycutt, Rodney L. Fisher, Robert N. Davis, Courtney L. Lucas, Timothy A. TI A discrete stage-structured model of California newt population dynamics during a period of drought SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Discrete mathematical model; Amphibian decline; Drought; Taricha torosa ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE; TARICHA-TOROSA; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDER; CRAYFISH; CUES AB We introduce a mathematical model for studying the population dynamics under drought of the California newt (Taricha torosa), a species of special concern in the state of California. Since 2012, California has experienced a record-setting drought, and multiple studies predict drought conditions currently underway will persist and even increase in severity. Recent declines and local extinctions of California newt populations in Santa Monica Mountain streams motivate our study of the impact of drought on newt population sizes. Although newts are terrestrial salamanders, they migrate to streams each spring to breed and lay eggs. Since egg and larval stages occur in water, a precipitation deficit due to drought conditions reduces the space for newt egg-laying and the necessary habitat for larval development. To mathematically forecast newt population dynamics, we develop a nonlinear system of discrete equations that includes demographic parameters such as survival rates for newt life stages and egg production, which depend on habitat availability and rainfall. We estimate these demographic parameters using 15 years of stream survey data collected from Cold Creek in Los Angeles County, California, and our model captures the observed decline of the parameterized Cold Creek newt population. Based upon data analysis, we predict how the number of available newt egg-laying sites varies with annual precipitation. Our model allows us to make predictions about how the length and severity of drought can affect the likelihood of persistence and the time to critical endangerment of a local newt population. We predict that sustained severe drought will critically endanger the newt population but that the newt population can rebound if a drought is sufficiently short. C1 [Jones, Marjorie T.; Kats, Lee B.; Vandergon, Thomas L.; Honeycutt, Rodney L.; Davis, Courtney L.; Lucas, Timothy A.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. [Milligan, William R.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Lucas, TA (reprint author), Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. EM marjorie.jones@pepperdine.edu; william.milligan@emory.edu; lee.kats@pepperdine.edu; thomas.vandergon@pepperdine.edu; rodney.honeycutt@pepperdine.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov; courtney.davis2@pepperdine.edu; timothy.lucas@pepperdine.edu FU National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates, REU-Site Grant [DBI-1062721]; Natural Science Division of Pepperdine University FX We would like to acknowledge Gary Bucciarelli for providing mark recapture data estimates based on 20 years of data. We would also like to acknowledge undergraduate research students Alec Flores, William Ota, and Daniel Suh as well as Fred Adler and Stephen Davis for providing helpful insights on this project. We would like to thank Jay Brewster for his support of undergraduate research through the Summer Undergraduate Research Program in Biology at Pepperdine University. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates, REU-Site Grant, #DBI-1062721 and the Natural Science Division of Pepperdine University. This is contribution number 567 of the U.S. Geological Survey-Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 EI 1095-8541 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 414 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.11.011 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA EO8UX UT WOS:000396967100018 PM 27887877 ER PT J AU Flanagan, SM Levitt, JP Ayotte, JD AF Flanagan, Sarah M. Levitt, Joseph P. Ayotte, Joseph D. TI Trends in Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Concentrations in Private Wells in Southeast New Hampshire: 2005 to 2015 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURED ROCK; MTBE; GROUNDWATER AB In southeast New Hampshire, where reformulated gasoline was used from the 1990s to 2007, methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations >0.2 mu g/L were found in water from 26.7% of 195 domestic wells sampled in 2005. Ten years later in 2015, and eight years after MtBE was banned, 10.3% continue to have MtBE. Most wells (140 of 195) had no MtBE detections (concentrations <0.2 mu g/L) in 2005 and 2015. Of the remaining wells, MtBE concentrations increased in 4 wells, decreased in 47 wells, and did not change in 4 wells. On average, MtBE concentrations decreased 65% among 47 wells whereas MtBE concentrations increased 17% among 4 wells between 2005 and 2015. The percent change in detection frequency from 2005 to 2015 (the decontamination rate) was lowest (45.5%) in high-population-density areas and in wells completed in the Berwick Formation geologic units. The decontamination rate was the highest (78.6%) where population densities were composed of granite, metamorphic, and mafic rocks. Wells in the Berwick Formation are characteristically deeper and have lower yields than wells in other rock types and have shallower overburden cover, which may allow for more rapid transport of MtBE from land-surface releases. Low-yielding, deep bedrock wells may require large contributing areas to achieve adequate well yield, and thus have a greater chance of intercepting MtBE, in addition to diluting contaminants at a slower rate and thus requiring more time to decontaminate. C1 [Flanagan, Sarah M.; Levitt, Joseph P.; Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Flanagan, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM sflanaga@usgs.gov FU New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory; MtBE analyses; NH MtBE Remediation Bureau, Drinking Water Quality Program FX The authors thank the many private citizens who participated in this study. Citizen cooperation was essential to the success of this study, because only those wells that were sampled previously could be selected for this study. Thanks to Lou Barinelli (Director, New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory) and staff for MtBE analyses and to Gary Lynn and Derek S. Bennett of the NH MtBE Remediation Bureau, Drinking Water Quality Program, for their financial support and guidance on this study. We appreciate the technical reviews of the study design by Denise M. Argue, Bruce D. Lindsey, and Leslie A. DeSimone (U.S. Geological Survey). We thank B. D. Lindsey (U.S. Geological Survey) and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to this manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1168 EP 1175 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04149 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700021 PM 28074652 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Deemer, BR Birchfield, MK O'Malley, MT AF Harrison, John A. Deemer, Bridget R. Birchfield, M. Keith O'Malley, Maria T. TI Reservoir Water-Level Drawdowns Accelerate and Amplify Methane Emission SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; TIDAL FRESH-WATER; NITROUS-OXIDE; EUTROPHIC RESERVOIR; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; PHYSICAL CONTROLS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BUBBLE-GROWTH; EBULLITION; SEDIMENTS AB Water-level fluctuations due to reservoir management could substantially affect the timing and magnitude of reservoir methane (CH4) fluxes to the atmosphere. However, effects of such fluctuations on CH4 emissions have received limited attention. Here we examine CH4 emission dynamics in six Pacific Northwest U.S. reservoirs of varying trophic status, morphometry, and management regimes. In these systems, we show that water level drawdowns can, at least temporarily, greatly increase per area reservoir CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere, and can account for more than 90% of annual reservoir CH4 flux in a period of just a few weeks. Reservoirs with higher epilimnetic [chlorophyll a] experienced larger increases in CH4 emission in response to drawdown (R-2 = 0.84, p < 0.01), suggesting that eutrophication magnifies the effect of drawdown on CH4 emission. We show that drawdowns as small as 0.5 m can stimulate ebullition events. Given that drawdown events of this magnitude are quite common in reservoirs, our results suggest that this process must be considered in sampling strategies designed to characterize total CH4 fluxes from reservoirs. The extent to which (and the mechanisms by which) drawdowns short-circuit connections between methanogenesis and methanotrophy, thereby increasing net CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere, should be a focus of future work. C1 [Harrison, John A.; Deemer, Bridget R.; Birchfield, M. Keith; O'Malley, Maria T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm Vancouver, Washington, DC 98686 USA. [Deemer, Bridget R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [O'Malley, Maria T.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm Vancouver, Washington, DC 98686 USA. EM john_harrison@wsu.edu OI Deemer, Bridget/0000-0002-5845-1002 FU National Science Foundation [EAR1045286, DEB1355211]; US Army Corps of Engineers Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs; National Science Foundation (NSF); EPA STAR Fellowship [FP917450]; Washington State University's College of Science FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Awards # EAR1045286 and DEB1355211) to John Harrison, by the US Army Corps of Engineers Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs and National Science Foundation (NSF), by EPA STAR Fellowship no. FP917450 to Bridget Deemer, and an undergraduate research grant from Washington State University's College of Science to M. O'Malley. We thank J. Glavin, C. Smith, A. LaFrazia, J. Moyer, E. Ury, F. Wignes, E. Dexter, K. Dallavis, R. Norton, C. Miller, F. Frattaroli, S. Henderson, A. Harwood, D. Freeman, R. Martin, A. & A. Jacobs, A. Lunstrum, M. McCrackin, Todd Engelbrecht, Lacamas Shores Neighborhood Association, and Camas Moose Lodge for assistance with data collection. We thank W. Reeburgh for advice and enthusiasm, and S. Henderson, S. Perakis, H. Liu, C.K. Keller, R Dahlgren, J. Bishop, R. Maranger, and J. Dukes for valuable feedback on an early manuscript draft. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful input, which significantly improved the manuscript. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1277 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03185 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700032 PM 28068068 ER PT J AU Jiang, CJ Castellon, BT Matson, CW Aiken, GR Hsu-Kim, H AF Jiang, Chuanjia Castellon, Benjamin T. Matson, Cole W. Aiken, George R. Hsu-Kim, Heileen TI Relative Contributions of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Dissolved Copper to Cu Uptake Kinetics of Gulf Killifish (Fundulus grandis) Embryos SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The toxicity of soluble metal-based nanomaterials may be due to the uptake of metals in both dissolved and nanoparticulate forms, but the relative contributions of these different forms to overall metal uptake rates under environmental conditions are not quantitatively defined. Here, we investigated the linkage between the dissolution rates of copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their bioavailability to Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos, with the aim of quantitatively delineating the relative contributions of nanoparticulate and dissolved species for Cu uptake. Gulf killifish embryos were exposed to dissolved Cu and CuO NP mixtures comprising a range of pH values (6.3-7.5) and three types of natural organic matter (NOM) isolates at various concentrations (0.1-10 mg-C L-1), resulting in a wide range of CuO NP dissolution rates that subsequently influenced Cu uptake. First-order dissolution rate constants of CuO NPs increased with increasing NOM concentration and for NOM isolates with higher aromaticity, as indicated by specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), while Cu uptake rate constants of both dissolved Cu and CuO NP decreased with NOM concentration and aromaticity. As a result, the relative contribution of dissolved Cu and nanoparticulate CuO species for the overall Cu uptake rate was insensitive to NOM type or concentration but largely determined by the percentage of CuO that dissolved. These findings highlight SUVA and aromaticity as key NOM properties affecting the dissolution kinetics and bioavailability of soluble metal based nanomaterials in organic-rich waters. These properties could be used in the incorporation of dissolution kinetics into predictive models for environmental risks of nanomaterials. C1 [Jiang, Chuanjia; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Jiang, Chuanjia; Castellon, Benjamin T.; Matson, Cole W.; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat NanoTechnol CEINT, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Castellon, Benjamin T.; Matson, Cole W.] Baylor Univ, CRASR, Inst Biomed Studies, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Jiang, Chuanjia] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Luoshi Rd 122, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.; Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat NanoTechnol CEINT, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM hsukim@duke.edu RI Jiang, Chuanjia/C-9398-2014; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; OI Jiang, Chuanjia/0000-0003-2637-5508; Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1066781]; Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology [DBI1266252]; NSF; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences at Baylor University; U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX We are grateful for the insights and assistance from Drs. Marc Deshusses, Amrika Deonarine, Brett Poulin, Joe Ryan, and Keith Lucey and to Alexis Carey for the image of the Gulf killifish embryo. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET-1066781) and the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (DBI1266252), which is funded by the NSF and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Partial support was provided by the C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences at Baylor University. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper has not been subjected to EPA review; therefore, the opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1395 EP 1404 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04672 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700046 PM 28081364 ER PT J AU White, TH Jimenez, JE AF White, Thomas H., Jr. Jimenez, Jaime E. TI Lophozonia tree cavities used for nesting by Slender-billed Parakeets (Enicognathus leptorhynchus) in the central valley of southern Chile: a potentially vanishing keystone resource SO AVIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Deforestation; Habitat loss; Lophozonia obliqua; Pellines; Psittacidae; Regeneration ID LIMITED BREEDING OPPORTUNITIES; SUBTROPICAL ATLANTIC FOREST; CLUTCH SIZE; SITE SELECTION; NOTHOFAGUS-OBLIQUA; FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS AB Background: The Slender-billed Parakeet ( Enicognathus leptorhynchus) is a psittacine endemic to southern Chile and an obligate secondary cavity-nester. In the central valley of southern Chile, most (94%) of the known Slender-billed Parakeet nests have occurred in large, mature southern beech (Lophozoniaobliqua) trees (locally known as "pellines"). As relicts of the original old-growth forests of southern Chile, most pellines have been lost due to extensive landclearing throughout the region, potentially threatening long-term persistence of the Slender- billed Parakeet. Methods: We conducted our study in the central valley of southern Chile, near the city of Osorno during three consecutive nesting seasons (November-January, 2008-2011). Nest trees used by Slender- billed Parakeets were located by direct observation of parakeet activities and through interviews with local residents, some of whom were former parrot nest poachers. Nest cavities were accessed, inspected and measured using single-rope climbing techniques. We report means, standard errors, 95% confidence intervals and ranges for 11 cavity-related variables. We also report clutch sizes encountered in active nests, and age estimates of nest trees based on known growth rates of Lophozonia trees in southern Chile. Linear regressions were used to evaluate potential relationships between cavity-related variables and clutch size. Results: We located and measured 38 Lophozonia tree cavities used for nesting by Slender-billed Parakeets. Compared to those used by other psittacines, nest trees were relatively large, averaging 30.4 +/- 1.1 m in height with a mean diameter at breast height of 134.5 +/- 4.7 cm. Based on estimated annual diameter increment, ages of nest trees ranged from approximately 209-485 years. Nest cavities entrances averaged 12.5 +/- 0.9 m in height above ground level. Cavity entrance widths averaged 51.0 +/- 13.3 cm (vertical) by 11.5 +/- 0.7 cm (horizontal). Cavity entrance orientations were apparently random, with no directional preferences detected. Nest cavities were also relatively large, with a mean internal diameter of 39.6 +/- 2.4 cm and mean depth of 90.3 +/- 24.2 cm. Clutch sizes (2- 9) were unusually large for psittacines of this size (ca. 280-300 g) and broods of up to seven well-developed nestlings were observed. Conclusions: We found that the deep and spacious cavities provided by pellines facilitate successful rearing of large broods, thereby maximizing productivity and fitness. The existence of pellines has apparently allowed Slender- billed Parakeets to adapt successfully to a wholesale loss of ancestral habitat to anthropogenic modifications. Immediate and strategic conservation measures, such as protection of existing pellines and the regeneration and recruitment of additional ones, are recommended for ensuring the survival of Slender- billed Parakeet populations throughout the central valley of southern Chile. C1 [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ North Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Subantarct Biocultural Conservat Program, Denton, TX 76201 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ North Texas, Dept Philosophy & Relig, Subantarctic Biocultural Conservat Program, Denton, TX 76201 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ Magallanes, Omora Etnobot Pk, Puerto Williams, Chile. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM thomas_white@fws.gov FU Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos; United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program; Parrots International; Amigos de las Aves-USA; Canadian Parrot Society; International Conure Association; Parrot Conservation Fund; Tony Pittman FX We are grateful to the Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Parrots International, Amigos de las Aves-USA, Canadian Parrot Society, International Conure Association, Parrot Conservation Fund, and Tony Pittman for funding and/or logistical support of this research. We also thank the administration of INIA-Remehue and the many private landowners who allowed us access to their properties. Numerous students and volunteers also assisted with nest monitoring and cavity measurements, especially Samuel Alywin, Ana Carneiro, Magdalena Contreras, Gemma Ffrench, Claire Foster, Daniel Gonzalez, Gemma Harding, Mauricio Ojeda, Nelson Ojeda, Suzan Payne, Nicole Pueschel, Marie Stafford and Mark Stafford. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that helped improve a prior version of this article. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2053-7166 J9 AVIAN RES JI Avian Res. PD FEB 6 PY 2017 VL 8 BP 1 EP 12 AR UNSP 3 DI 10.1186/s40657-017-0061-x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM7JO UT WOS:000395487500001 ER PT J AU Young, KE Reed, SC AF Young, Kristina E. Reed, Sasha C. TI Spectrally monitoring the response of the biocrust moss Syntrichia caninervis to altered precipitation regimes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; NITROGEN; REFLECTANCE; DESERT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Climate change is expected to impact drylands worldwide by increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. These effects have known feedbacks to the functional roles of dryland biological soil crust communities (biocrusts), which are expected to undergo significant climate-induced changes in community structure and function. Nevertheless, our ability to monitor the status and physiology of biocrusts with remote sensing is limited due to the heterogeneous nature of dryland landscapes and the desiccation tolerance of biocrusts, which leaves them frequently photosynthetically inactive and difficult to assess. To address this critical limitation, we subjected a dominant biocrust species Syntrichia caninervis to climate-induced stress in the form of small, frequent watering events, and spectrally monitored the dry mosses' progression towards mortality. We found points of spectral sensitivity responding to experimentally-induced stress in desiccated mosses, indicating that spectral imaging is an effective tool to monitor photosynthetically inactive biocrusts. Comparing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Simple Ratio (SR), and the Normalized Pigment Chlorophyll Index (NPCI), we found NDVI minimally effective at capturing stress in precipitation-stressed dry mosses, while the SR and NPCI were highly effective. Our results suggest the strong potential for utilizing spectroscopy and chlorophyll-derived indices to monitor biocrust ecophysiological status, even when biocrusts are dry, with important implications for improving our understanding of dryland functioning. C1 [Young, Kristina E.; Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Young, Kristina E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 E Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Young, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.; Young, KE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 E Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM key23@nau.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences [DE-SC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX We are extremely grateful to Austin Rutherford, Cody Flagg, and Hilda Smith for their invaluable work helping to set up the spectral measurements and helping to collect, process, and analyze the spectral data, and to Susan Ustin and Matt Bowker for their helpful feedback on earlier versions of manuscript. We are also indebted to Greg Okin the use of his ASD FieldSpec (R) portable spectroradiometer. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences (Awards DE-SC-0008168) and by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 6 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 41793 DI 10.1038/srep41793 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ5TW UT WOS:000393282100001 PM 28165505 ER PT J AU Lamadrid, HM Moore, LR Moncada, D Rimstidt, JD Burruss, RC Bodnar, RJ AF Lamadrid, H. M. Moore, L. R. Moncada, D. Rimstidt, J. D. Burruss, R. C. Bodnar, R. J. TI Reassessment of the Raman CO2 densimeter SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID H2O-CO2 FLUID INCLUSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MELT INCLUSIONS; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; VOLATILE BUDGETS; VAPOR BUBBLES; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; EQUATION; DENSITY AB Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an effective tool to confirm the presence and abundance of CO2 in fluid and melt inclusions. The Raman method for quantifying CO2 abundance is based on the observation that the distance between the two Raman bands comprising the Fermi diad varies systematically with CO2 density. In recent years, several Raman densimeters have been developed by different research groups to determine the density of CO2 in fluid and melt inclusions. The different densimeters that have been proposed predict different densities for the same Fermi diad splitting, leading to large differences in estimated CO2 contents for inclusions, depending on which densimeter is used to interpret the Raman data. In this study, we examine potential causes for variations in the various densimeters and show that these differences are mainly the result of using different Raman instruments and settings, different collection parameters, and different analytical methods. Twelve experiments were conducted to test the variability associated with changing instrumental and analytical conditions, as well as to understand the differences between the various densimeters, using three different Raman instruments, with different laser sources and dispersion gratings. In all of the experiments, the splitting of the Fermi diad of CO2 and CO2 density at pressures from the liquid-vapor curve (6.0 MPa to 0.06 MPa) at ambient temperature (-22 degrees C) was calibrated using a high-pressure optical cell. The results show a consistent behavior whereby all analytical configurations show parallel trends in terms of the variation in Fermi diad splitting as a function of CO2 density. The slopes of the lines representing the variation in Fermi diad splitting as a function of CO2 density, as well as low density (pressure) data from other densimeters (Kawakami et al., 2003; Yamamoto and Kagi, 2006; Song et al., 2009; Fall et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011) are remarkably similar, with a variation of about similar to 10% and a standard deviation of 3%. The differences observed in all densimeters, including previously published densimeters and the 12 experiments from this study, are most likely a function of variations in instrumentation, laser excitation wavelength, gratings, and analytical protocols used during the experimental calibration of the splitting of the Fermi diad. Based on results of this study, we recommend against using any published densimeter to interpret Raman data collected using an instrument other than that on which the calibration is based, and suggest that researchers develop a calibration that is applicable and specific to their instrument and data collection protocol.(C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamadrid, H. M.; Moore, L. R.; Rimstidt, J. D.; Bodnar, R. J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lamadrid, H. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Moncada, D.] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile. [Moncada, D.] Univ Chile, Andean Geothermal Ctr Excellence CEGA, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile. [Burruss, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lamadrid, HM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM hm.lamadrid@utoronto.ca FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); Virginia Tech Geosciences Department and Virginia Tech Graduate School; National Science Foundation [OCE-1459433] FX The authors thank Charles Farley for assistance with the Raman analyses NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 5 PY 2017 VL 450 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.12.034 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EL2TR UT WOS:000394473600015 ER PT J AU Olson, JW Rode, KD Eggett, D Smith, TS Wilson, RR Durner, GM Fischbach, A Atwood, TC Douglas, DC AF Olson, J. W. Rode, K. D. Eggett, D. Smith, T. S. Wilson, R. R. Durner, G. M. Fischbach, A. Atwood, T. C. Douglas, D. C. TI Collar temperature sensor data reveal long-term patterns in southern Beaufort Sea polar bear den distribution on pack ice and land SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Den; Habitat use; Land use; Ursus maritimus; Alaska; Control charts; Sea ice ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; OPEN-WATER PERIOD; URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; POPULATION ECOLOGY; TELEMETRY DATA; HABITAT C1 [Olson, J. W.; Smith, T. S.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, 5049 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rode, K. D.; Durner, G. M.; Fischbach, A.; Atwood, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Eggett, D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Collaborat Res & Stat Consulting, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wilson, R. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Douglas, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Olson, JW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, 5049 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM jayolson7@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; BP Exploration Alaska, Inc.; ARCO Alaska Inc; Conoco-Phillips, Inc; Exxon Mobil Production Company; Polar Bears International; National Science Foundation [OPP0732713] FX Studies were conducted under US Fish and Wildlife Service research permit MA 690038 and followed protocols approved by Animal Care and Use Committees of the USGS (assurance no. 2010-3). Principal funding for this study was provided by the US Geological Survey. Additional support was provided by BP Exploration Alaska, Inc., ARCO Alaska Inc., Conoco-Phillips, Inc., the Exxon Mobil Production Company, and Polar Bears International. Support was also provided through a National Science Foundation grant (OPP0732713) to the University of Wyoming. This paper was reviewed and approved by the USGS under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (www. usgs. gov/ fsp). Use of trade firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2017 VL 564 BP 211 EP 224 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN0DE UT WOS:000395679700003 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, AWM Lowe, RJ Ghisalberti, M Storlazzi, C Symonds, G Roelvink, D AF Pomeroy, Andrew W. M. Lowe, Ryan J. Ghisalberti, Marco Storlazzi, Curt Symonds, Graham Roelvink, Dano TI Sediment transport in the presence of large reef bottom roughness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FRINGING CORAL-REEF; BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; SHEAR-STRESS; WAVE-DRIVEN; FLOW; RESUSPENSION; VEGETATION; MOLOKAI; CANOPY; HAWAII AB The presence of large bottom roughness, such as that formed by benthic organisms on coral reef flats, has important implications for the size, concentration, and transport of suspended sediment in coastal environments. A 3 week field study was conducted in approximately 1.5 m water depth on the reef flat at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, to quantify the cross-reef hydrodynamics and suspended sediment dynamics over the large bottom roughness (similar to 20-40 cm) at the site. A logarithmic mean current profile consistently developed above the height of the roughness; however, the flow was substantially reduced below the height of the roughness (canopy region). Shear velocities inferred from the logarithmic profile and Reynolds stresses measured at the top of the roughness, which are traditionally used in predictive sediment transport formulations, were similar but much larger than that required to suspend the relatively coarse sediment present at the bed. Importantly, these stresses did not represent the stresses imparted on the sediment measured in suspension and are therefore not relevant to the description of suspended sediment transport in systems with large bottom roughness. Estimates of the bed shear stresses that accounted for the reduced near-bed flow in the presence of large roughness vastly improved the relationship between the predicted and observed grain sizes that were in suspension. Thus, the impact of roughness, not only on the overlying flow but also on bed stresses, must be accounted for to accurately estimate suspended sediment transport in regions with large bottom roughness, a common feature of many shallow coastal ecosystems. C1 [Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.; Lowe, Ryan J.] Univ Western Australia, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Perth, WA, Australia. [Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.; Lowe, Ryan J.; Symonds, Graham] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.; Lowe, Ryan J.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Ghisalberti, Marco] Univ Melbourne, Dept Infrastruct Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Ghisalberti, Marco] Univ Western Australia, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Storlazzi, Curt] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Symonds, Graham] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Wembley, WA, Australia. [Roelvink, Dano] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Roelvink, Dano] UNESCO IHE, Delft, Netherlands. RP Pomeroy, AWM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Perth, WA, Australia.; Pomeroy, AWM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia.; Pomeroy, AWM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM andrewpomeroy@gmail.com FU Robert and Maude Gledden Postgraduate Research Award; Gowrie Trust Fund; Western Australia Marine Science Institute (WAMSI); Australian Research Council [FT110100201]; ARC [DP140102026]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX AWP is grateful for the support of a Robert and Maude Gledden Postgraduate Research Award and by The Gowrie Trust Fund (2013, 2014). This project was funded by the Western Australia Marine Science Institute (WAMSI) Dredging Science Node (Theme 2/3), an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100201), and ARC Discovery Project grant (DP140102026) to RJL, as well as the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. The authors thank Michael Cuttler, Sana Dandan, Jim Falter, Jeff Hansen, Malcolm McCulloch, Leonardo Ruiz Montoya, and Gundula Winter for their assistance during the experiment, and Johan Reyns for his assistance in the implementation of the advection-diffusion model. We thank Shawn Harrison at the USGS who conducted an internal review of this manuscript, as well as the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback that helped us to improve the manuscript. Data sets analyzed in this manuscript are available from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.126670. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1347 EP 1368 DI 10.1002/2016JC011755 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100033 ER PT J AU Rueda, A Hegermiller, CA Antolinez, JAA Camus, P Vitousek, S Ruggiero, P Barnard, PL Erikson, LH Tomas, A Mendez, FJ AF Rueda, Ana Hegermiller, Christie A. Antolinez, Jose A. A. Camus, Paula Vitousek, Sean Ruggiero, Peter Barnard, Patrick L. Erikson, Li H. Tomas, Antonio Mendez, Fernando J. TI Multiscale climate emulator of multimodal wave spectra: MUSCLE-spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WEATHER; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; EROSION; SEA AB Characterization of multimodal directional wave spectra is important for many offshore and coastal applications, such as marine forecasting, coastal hazard assessment, and design of offshore wave energy farms and coastal structures. However, the multivariate and multiscale nature of wave climate variability makes this complex problem tractable using computationally expensive numerical models. So far, the skill of statistical-downscaling model-based parametric (unimodal) wave conditions is limited in large ocean basins such as the Pacific. The recent availability of long-term directional spectral data from buoys and wave hindcast models allows for development of stochastic models that include multimodal sea-state parameters. This work introduces a statistical downscaling framework based on weather types to predict multimodal wave spectra (e.g., significant wave height, mean wave period, and mean wave direction from different storm systems, including sea and swells) from large-scale atmospheric pressure fields. For each weather type, variables of interest are modeled using the categorical distribution for the sea-state type, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution for wave height and wave period, a multivariate Gaussian copula for the interdependence between variables, and a Markov chain model for the chronology of daily weather types. We apply the model to the southern California coast, where local seas and swells from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres contribute to the multimodal wave spectrum. This work allows attribution of particular extreme multimodal wave events to specific atmospheric conditions, expanding knowledge of time-dependent, climate-driven offshore and coastal sea-state conditions that have a significant influence on local nearshore processes, coastal morphology, and flood hazards. C1 [Rueda, Ana; Antolinez, Jose A. A.; Mendez, Fernando J.] Univ Cantabria, Dept Ciencias & Tecn Agua & Medio Ambiente, Santander, Spain. [Hegermiller, Christie A.; Vitousek, Sean; Barnard, Patrick L.; Erikson, Li H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Camus, Paula; Tomas, Antonio] Univ Cantabria, IHCantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rueda, A (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Dept Ciencias & Tecn Agua & Medio Ambiente, Santander, Spain. EM ruedaac@unican.es FU Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad'' [BIA2014-59643-R, BIA2015-70644-R]; MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) [BOE-A2013-12235]; U.S. Geological Survey [G15AC00426]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [NA15OAR4310145]; US DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [RC-2644] FX We thank Jorge Perez for the ESTELA code. A.R., J.A.A.A., and F.J.M. acknowledge the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad'' under grant BIA2014-59643-R. P.C. acknowledges the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad'' under grant BIA2015-70644-R. J.A.A.A. is indebted to the MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) for the funding provided in the FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship (BOE-A2013-12235). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under grant/cooperative agreement G15AC00426. P.R. acknowledges the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office via award NA15OAR4310145. Support was provided from the US DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project RC-2644) through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Atmospheric data from CFSR are available online at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climatedata/climate-forecast-system-re analysis-cfsr. Marine data from global reanalysis are lodge with the IHData center from IHCantabria and are available for research purposes upon request (contact: ihdata@ihcantabria.com). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1400 EP 1415 DI 10.1002/2016JC011957 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100036 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Lee, C Volson, B Dyer, MC Lebrun, RA AF Ginsberg, Howard S. Lee, Chong Volson, Barry Dyer, Megan C. Lebrun, Roger A. TI Relationships Between Maternal Engorgement Weight and the Number, Size, and Fat Content of Larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodidae; acarology; development; life history; reproduction ID TICKS IXODOIDEA; LIPIDS; INFECTION; ARGASIDAE; DYNAMICS; RICINUS AB The relationship between engorgement weight of female Ixodes scapularis Say and characteristics of offspring was studied using field-collected females fed on rabbits in the laboratory. The number of eggs laid was positively related to maternal engorgement weight in one trial, and larval size (estimated by scutal area) was positively related to maternal engorgement weight in the other. These results suggest a trade-off in number of eggs produced versus average size of offspring, possibly determined during late engorgement. The adults for the two trials were collected from different sites in southern Rhode Island and in different seasons (the fall adults were newly emerged, while the spring adults had presumably lived through the winter), so it is not clear whether these results reflect genetic differences or subtle environmental differences between trials. Percent egg hatch and average fat content of larvae were not related to female engorgement weight. We present a modified method to measure lipid content of pooled larval ticks. C1 [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.; Dyer, Megan C.; Lebrun, Roger A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lee, Chong; Volson, Barry] Univ Rhode Isl, FSN Res Ctr, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov; chonglee@uri.edu; bvolson@uri.edu; mdyer@uri.edu; lebrun@uri.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Award [EF-0914476]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Rhode Island FX We thank G.J. Hickling and J.I. Tsao for constructive comments on early versions of the manuscript. T.N. Mather kindly supplied ticks from his URI colony. L. Acevedo, M. Albert, A. Azevedo, J. Miller, S. Moffitt, and N. Turgeon assisted with laboratory work. Use of trade or product names does not imply support by the U.S. Government. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Award EF-0914476, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Rhode Island. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw191 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ5ED UT WOS:000398103900004 ER PT J AU Gruner, SV Slone, DH Capinera, JL Turco, MP AF Gruner, S. V. Slone, D. H. Capinera, J. L. Turco, M. P. TI Development of the Oriental Latrine Fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae), at Five Constant Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forensic entomology; Calliphoridae ID PHORMIA-REGINA DIPTERA; DIFFERENT BODY-TISSUES; BLOW FLIES DIPTERA; RUFIFACIES DIPTERA; FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY; LUCILIA-SERICATA; POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; BLOWFLIES DIPTERA; GROWTH-RATES; CARRION AB Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) is a forensically important fly that is found throughout the tropics and subtropics. We calculated the accumulated development time and transition points for each life stage from eclosion to adult emergence at five constant temperatures: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. For each transition, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles were calculated with a logistic linear model. The mean transition times and % survivorship were determined directly from the raw laboratory data. Development times of C. megacephala were compared with that of two other closely related species, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) and Phormia regina (Meigen). Ambient and larval mass temperatures were collected from field studies conducted from 2001-2004. Field study data indicated that adult fly activity was reduced at lower ambient temperatures, but once a larval mass was established, heat generation occurred. These development times and durations can be used for estimation of a postmortem interval (PMI). C1 [Gruner, S. V.; Capinera, J. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1881 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Slone, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Turco, M. P.] Univ Florida, Div Herpetol, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gruner, SV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1881 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM savethemag-gots@cox.net; dslone@usgs.gov; Capinera@ufl.edu; mike@michaelturco.com NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 2 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw169 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ5ED UT WOS:000398103900006 ER PT J AU McAllister, CT Duszynski, DW Austin, CC Fisher, RN AF McAllister, Chris T. Duszynski, Donald W. Austin, Christopher C. Fisher, Robert N. TI FOUR NEW SPECIES OF EIMERIA (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) FROM EMOIA SPP. SKINKS (SAURIA: SCINCIDAE), FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA AND THE INSULAR PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; SQUAMATA SCINCIDAE; GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS; MARIANA ISLANDS; SOUTH-PACIFIC; SAUDI-ARABIA; TREE SKINKS; LIZARDS; SCHNEIDER; COCCIDIA AB Between September and November 1991, 54 adult skinks from 15 species were collected by hand or blowpipe from several localities on Rarotonga, Cook Islands, Ovalau Island, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea (PNG), and their feces were examined for coccidians. Species included 5 seaside skinks (Emoia atrocostata), 1 Pacific blue-tailed skink (Emoia caeroleocauda), 2 Fiji slender treeskinks (Emoia concolor), 15 white-bellied copper-striped skinks (Emoia cyanura), 1 Bulolo River forest skink (Emoia guttata), 6 dark-bellied copper-striped skinks (Emoia impar), 5 Papua fivestriped skinks (Emoia jakati), 2 Papua slender treeskinks (Emoia kordoana), 3 Papua robust treeskinks (Emoia longicauda), 1 brown-backed forest skink (Emoia loveridgei), 3 Papua black-sided skinks (Emoia pallidiceps), 2 Papua white-spotted skinks (Emoia physicae), 2 Papua yellow-head skinks (Emoia popei), 1 Papua brown forest skink (Emoia submetallica), and 5 Fiji barred treeskinks (Emoia trossula) Species of Eimeria (Ei.) were detected from these Emoia (Em.) spp. and are described here as new. Oocysts of Eimeria iovai n. sp. from Em. pallidiceps from PNG were ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall (L x W) 26.5 x 18.1 mu m, with a length/width ratio (L/W) of 1.1. Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was present. This eimerian also was found in Em. atrocostata from PNG. Oocysts of Eimeria kirkpatricki n. sp. from Em. atrocostata from PNG were ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall, 18.63 13.5 mu m, L/W 1.4. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was present. This eimerian was also shared by Em. cyanura from the Cook Islands and Fiji, Em. impar from the Cook Islands, Em. loveridgei from PNG, Em. pallidiceps from PNG, Em. popei from PNG, and Em. submetallica from PNG. Oocysts of Eimeria stevejayuptoni n. sp. from Em. longicauda were subspheroidal to ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall, 18.7 x 16.6 mu m, L/W 1.1. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was present. Oocysts of Eimeria emoia n. sp. from Em. longicauda from PNG were cylindroidal with a bilayered wall, 29.2 x 15.7 mu m, L/W 1.9. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a polar granule was present. These are the first eimerians reported from Emoia spp. and they add to our growing knowledge of the coccidian fauna of scincid lizards of the South Pacific. C1 [McAllister, Chris T.; Duszynski, Donald W.; Austin, Christopher C.; Fisher, Robert N.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Duszynski, Donald W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP McAllister, CT (reprint author), Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. EM cmcallister@se.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1146033] FX We thank the late Dr. Steve J. Upton for technical assistance and Dr. Scott L. Gardner (Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, Lincoln, Nebraska) for parasitological training of R.N.F. Further appreciation is extended to Patricia A. Pilitt (formerly of the USNPC) for expert curatorial assistance. The Department of Environment of PNG supplied export permits for the lizard and parasite collections. This research was funded, in part, by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 1146033 to C.C.A. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 103 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1645/16-67 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EN8GL UT WOS:000396238800015 PM 27754773 ER PT J AU Vanderhoof, MK Distler, HE Mendiola, DTG Lang, M AF Vanderhoof, Melanie K. Distler, Hayley E. Mendiola, Di Ana Teresa G. Lang, Megan TI Integrating Radarsat-2, Lidar, and Worldview-3 Imagery to Maximize Detection of Forested Inundation Extent in the Delmarva Peninsula, USA SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Radarsat-2; Worldview-3; inundation; forested wetlands; lidar; depressions; topographic wetness index ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CAROLINA BAY WETLAND; POLARIMETRIC SAR; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COASTAL-PLAIN; TIME-SERIES; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; MAPPING WETLANDS; SATELLITE IMAGES AB Natural variability in surface-water extent and associated characteristics presents a challenge to gathering timely, accurate information, particularly in environments that are dominated by small and/or forested wetlands. This study mapped inundation extent across the Upper Choptank River Watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula, occurring within both Maryland and Delaware. We integrated six quad-polarized Radarsat-2 images, Worldview-3 imagery, and an enhanced topographic wetness index in a random forest model. Output maps were filtered using light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived depressions to maximize the accuracy of forested inundation extent. Overall accuracy within the integrated and filtered model was 94.3%, with 5.5% and 6.0% errors of omission and commission for inundation, respectively. Accuracy of inundation maps obtained using Radarsat-2 alone were likely detrimentally affected by less than ideal angles of incidence and recent precipitation, but were likely improved by targeting the period between snowmelt and leaf-out for imagery collection. Across the six Radarsat-2 dates, filtering inundation outputs by lidar-derived depressions slightly elevated errors of omission for water (+1.0%), but decreased errors of commission (7.8%), resulting in an average increase of 5.4% in overall accuracy. Depressions were derived from lidar datasets collected under both dry and average wetness conditions. Although antecedent wetness conditions influenced the abundance and total area mapped as depression, the two versions of the depression datasets showed a similar ability to reduce error in the inundation maps. Accurate mapping of surface water is critical to predicting and monitoring the effect of human-induced change and interannual variability on water quantity and quality. C1 [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.; Distler, Hayley E.; Mendiola, Di Ana Teresa G.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Lang, Megan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lang, Megan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Natl Wetland Inventory, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mvanderhoof@usgs.gov; hdistler@usgs.gov; dtmendiola@gmail.com; megan.lang@gmail.com FU U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment [EPA-USGS IA-92410201-1] FX This work was funded by the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA-USGS IA-92410201-1, Multi-scale analyses and hydrologic simulation models of wetland-stream hydrologic connectivity in the Prairie Pothole Region). We would like to thank everyone who assisted in collecting field data for validation purposes. This includes Greg McCarty, Vincent Kim, Jason Todd, Laurie Alexander, Sergio Torres, and Derek Raisanen. Thank you also to the anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments that helped improve the manuscript. Findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the authors and the U. S. Geological Survey. They do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 9 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.3390/rs9020105 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EO9MV UT WOS:000397013700007 ER PT J AU Huebner, MT Hatcher, RD Merschat, AJ AF Huebner, Matthew T. Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Merschat, Arthur J. TI CONFIRMATION OF THE SOUTHWEST CONTINUATION OF THE CAT SQUARE TERRANE, SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN INNER PIEDMONT, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR MIDDLE PALEOZOIC COLLISIONAL OROGENESIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; BLUE RIDGE; ZIRCON AGES; ALLEGHANIAN OROGENY; EASTERN PIEDMONT; SUSPECT TERRANES; ALABAMA PIEDMONT; GRANITIC-ROCKS; NEW-ENGLAND; GEORGIA AB Detailed geologic mapping, U-Pb zircon geochronology and wholerock geochemical analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that the southwestern extent of the Cat Square terrane continues from the northern Inner Piedmont (western Carolinas) into central Georgia. Geologic mapping revealed the Jackson Lake fault, a similar to 15 m-thick, steeply dipping sillimanite-grade fault zone that truncates lithologically distinct granitoids and metasedimentary units, and roughly corresponds with a prominent aeromagnetic lineament hypothesized to represent the southern continuation of the terrane-bounding Brindle Creek fault. Results of U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology indicate Late Ordovician to Silurian granitoids (444-439 Ma) occur exclusively northwest of the fault, whereas Devonian (404-371 Ma) granitoids only occur southeast of the fault. The relatively undeformed Indian Springs granodiorite (three individual bodies dated 317-298 Ma) crosscuts the fault and occurs on both sides, which indicates the Jackson Lake fault is a pre-Alleghanian structure. However, detrital zircon signatures from samples southeast of the Jackson Lake fault reveal dominant Grenville provenance, in contrast to Cat Square terrane detrital zircon samples from the northern Inner Piedmont, which include peri-Gondwanan (600-500 Ma) and a prominent Ordovician-Silurian (similar to 430 Ma) signature. We interpret the rocks southeast of the Jackson Lake fault to represent the southwestern extension of the Cat Square terrane primarily based on the partitioning of granitoid ages and lithologic distinctions similar to the northern Inner Piedmont. Data suggest Cat Square terrane metasedimentary rocks were initially deposited in a remnant ocean basin setting and developed into an accretionary prism in front of the approaching Carolina superterrane, ultimately overridden by it in Late Devonian to Early Mississippian time. Burial to > 20 km resulted in migmatization of lower plate rocks, forming an infrastructure beneath the Carolina superterrane suprastructure. Provenance patterns support similar to 250 km of Devonian dextral translation of the composite Inner Piedmont, which places the northern portion of the Inner Piedmont adjacent to a suite of similar to 430 Ma plutons in the Virginia Blue Ridge during deposition. The megascopic thrust-nappe structural style of the northern Inner Piedmont, combined with southwest-directed lateral extrusion at mid-crustal depths, may reconcile differences in timing of metamorphism between the Carolina and central Georgia Inner Piedmont and structural contrasts between the Brindle Creek and Jackson Lake faults. C1 [Huebner, Matthew T.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, 1981 N Broadway,Suite 330, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1412 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, 1412 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Merschat, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Huebner, MT (reprint author), Lettis Consultants Int Inc, 1981 N Broadway,Suite 330, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. EM huebner@lettisci.com FU University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence; University of Tennessee Office of Research; USGS EDMAP [G09AC00126]; The University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence FX Detailed geologic mapping was funded by the University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence, the University of Tennessee Office of Research, and USGS EDMAP Award G09AC00126. The University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence provided funding for geochemical analysis and ion-microprobe geochronology. Joe Wooden, Jorge Vasquez, and Matt Coble of the SUMAC facility were vital in the successful acquisition of ion microprobe data presented herein. Additionally, Drew Coleman, Ryan Mills, Jez Ingles, Chris Fedo, Calvin Miller, and Abe Padilla aided in zircon separations and graciously allowed use of their facilities for that purpose. Countless discussions with Brittany Davis, Chris Howard, Justin Rehrer, Mike Higgins, Ralph Crawford, John Costello, and Randy Kath improved our understanding of Inner Piedmont geology and provided diverse perspectives that ultimately refined our interpretations. Micah Jessup and Ted Labotka provided valuable comments to an early version of this manuscript, and Paul Mueller, Mark Steltenpohl, Greg Walsh, John Aleinikoff, and Andy Bobyarchick provided constructive reviews of revised versions that greatly enhanced the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 133 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 317 IS 2 BP 95 EP 176 DI 10.2475/02.2017.01 PG 82 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EP5AB UT WOS:000397390200001 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, J Stich, D Sigourney, D AF Zydlewski, Joseph Stich, Daniel Sigourney, Douglas TI Hard choices in assessing survival past dams - a comparison of single- and paired-release strategies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS; CHINOOK SALMON; PASSAGE SURVIVAL; HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT; DELAYED MORTALITY; MARKED ANIMALS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SALAR SMOLTS; LIFE-STAGE; BEHAVIOR AB Mark-recapture models are widely used to estimate survival of salmon smolts migrating past dams. Paired releases have been used to improve estimate accuracy by removing components of mortality not attributable to the dam. This method is accompanied by reduced precision because (i) sample size is reduced relative to a single, large release; and (ii) variance calculations inflate error. We modeled an idealized system with a single dam to assess trade-offs between accuracy and precision and compared methods using root mean squared error (RMSE). Simulations were run under predefined conditions (dam mortality, background mortality, detection probability, and sample size) to determine scenarios when the paired release was preferable to a single release. We demonstrate that a paired-release design provides a theoretical advantage over a single-release design only at large sample sizes and high probabilities of detection. At release numbers typical of many survival studies, paired release can result in overestimation of dam survival. Failures to meet model assumptions of a paired release may result in further overestimation of dam-related survival. Under most conditions, a single-release strategy was preferable. C1 [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph; Stich, Daniel] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sigourney, Douglas] Integrated Stat, 16 Summer St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stich, Daniel] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Biol, Room 113A Sci 1, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM josephz@maine.edu FU University of Maine; US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Marine Resources FX Financial support was provided by the University of Maine, and the US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Department of Marine Resources. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This manuscript benefitted from the reviews and quantitative expertise of Christopher Holbrook, Theodore Castro-Santos, Erik Blomberg, William Halteman, and several anonymous reviewers. The technical assistance provided by George Maynard is greatly appreciated. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0480 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700005 ER PT J AU Franssen, NR Gilbert, EI James, AP Davis, JE AF Franssen, Nathan R. Gilbert, Eliza I. James, Angela P. Davis, Jason E. TI Isotopic tissue turnover and discrimination factors following a laboratory diet switch in Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; FOOD-WEB; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; FRACTIONATION; MUSCLE; CARBON; ECOLOGY; RATIOS AB Stable isotope ecology has made great strides in quantifying energy transfer through food webs. However, trophic inferences gleaned from field-collected data can be limited when isotopic turnover and isotopic discrimination factors (Delta C-13 or Delta N-15) are unknown. We quantified isotopic turnover and discrimination factors using an isotopic diet switch in the endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius). The estimated half-life for delta C-13 was 62 days or a 33% increase in mass and delta N-15 averaged 133 days or a 52% increase in mass. Growth and metabolic processes both contributed to rates of turnover, but metabolic processes had a stronger effect in delta C-13 than in delta N-15. Lipid-corrected delta C-13 values resulted in discrimination factors of Delta C-13 between 0.67 and 0.82 and Delta N-15 between 2.31 and 2.93, values similar to other fishes. These results suggest sampling fin tissue may be a useful, nonlethal tool for isotopic studies. Fins also demonstrated enrichment in C-13 that was not linked to the diet switch, highlighting the importance of controls in isotopic diet switch studies to verify species-and diet-specific estimates of isotopic turnover rates. C1 [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA. [Gilbert, Eliza I.] Amer Southwest Ichthyol Researchers LLC, 800 Encino Pl NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [James, Angela P.; Davis, Jason E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA.; Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA.; Franssen, NR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM nrfranssen@gmail.com FU New Mexico Department of Game and Fish FX Thanks go to the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish for funding and to the personnel at the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for housing, tagging, and caring for fish. We also thank Manuel Ulibarri, Wade Wilson, and William Knight at the Southwestern Native Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center near Dexter, New Mexico, for providing fish, fish food, and logistical support. Special thanks go to D. Chris Kitcheyan (USFWS) for tagging fish, Tyler Pilger (University of New Mexico) for help with tissue sampling, Scott Durst (USFWS) and Michelle Dela Cruz (Bureau of Indian Affairs) for help with sampling and comments on the manuscript, and Rosalee Reese (University of New Mexico) for isotope preparation. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0531 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700013 ER PT J AU Kus, BE Howell, SL Wood, DA AF Kus, Barbara E. Howell, Scarlett L. Wood, Dustin A. TI Female-biased sex ratio, polygyny, and persistence in the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE sex ratio; polygyny; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; demographic stochasticity; persistence; endangered species ID MATING SYSTEM; PARENTAL CARE; POPULATIONS; BIRD; EXTINCTION; ADJUSTMENT; QUALITY; TIT AB Demographic changes in populations, such as skewed sex ratios, are of concern to conservationists, especially in small populations in which stochastic and other events can produce declines leading to extirpation. We documented a decline in one of the few remaining populations of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) in southern California, USA, which dropped from 40 to 5 adults between 2000 and 2015. Declines were unequal between sexes (94% for males, 82% for females). Adult sex ratios were female-biased in 10 of 16 yr. The proportion of paired males that were polygynous ranged from 0% to 100%, depending on the ratio of females to males in the adult population. Some males paired with up to 5 females simultaneously. We investigated the role of nestling sex ratio in the female-biased adult sex ratio by using genetic techniques to determine sex from blood samples collected from 162 nestlings in 72 nests from 2002 to 2009. Both population-level and within-brood nestling sex ratios were female-biased, and were not influenced by nest order (first or subsequent), parental mating type (monogamous or polygynous), or year. Disproportionately more females than males were recruited into the breeding population, mirroring nestling and fledgling sex ratios. It thus appears that a skewed nestling sex ratio has contributed to a female-biased adult population, which in turn has influenced mating behavior. We propose that the capacity for polygyny, which generally occurs at low levels in Southwestern Willow Flycatchers, has allowed this population to persist through a decline that might otherwise have resulted in extinction. C1 [Kus, Barbara E.; Howell, Scarlett L.; Wood, Dustin A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Kus, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM barbara_kus@usgs.gov FU Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton FX This work was funded by Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton through annual agreements with the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center. MCBCP and the U.S. Geological Survey required approval of the manuscript submitted for publication. Neither agency influenced the content of the submitted manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-119.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000002 ER PT J AU Crist, MR Knick, ST Hanser, SE AF Crist, Michele R. Knick, Steven T. Hanser, Steven E. TI Range-wide connectivity of priority areas for Greater Sage-Grouse: Implications for long-term conservation from graph theory SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; conservation reserve design; graph theory; Greater Sage-Grouse; network; priority areas; conservation ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NATURE-RESERVES; CIRCUIT-THEORY; POPULATION; MODELS; CENTRALITY; RESISTANCE AB The delineation of priority areas in western North America for managing Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) represents a broad-scale experiment in conservation biology. The strategy of limiting spatial disturbance and focusing conservation actions within delineated areas may benefit the greatest proportion of Greater Sage-Grouse. However, land use under normal restrictions outside priority areas potentially limits dispersal and gene flow, which can isolate priority areas and lead to spatially disjunct populations. We used graph theory, representing priority areas as spatially distributed nodes interconnected by movement corridors, to understand the capacity of priority areas to function as connected networks in the Bi-State, Central, and Washington regions of the Greater Sage-Grouse range. The Bi-State and Central networks were highly centralized; the dominant pathways and shortest linkages primarily connected a small number of large and centrally located priority areas. These priority areas are likely strongholds for Greater Sage-Grouse populations and might also function as refugia and sources. Priority areas in the Central network were more connected than those in the Bi-State and Washington networks. Almost 90% of the priority areas in the Central network had >= 2 pathways to other priority areas when movement through the landscape was set at an upper threshold (effective resistance, ER12). At a lower threshold (ER4), 83 of 123 priority areas in the Central network were clustered in 9 interconnected subgroups. The current conservation strategy has risks; 45 of 61 priority areas in the Bi-State network, 68 of 123 in the Central network, and all 4 priority areas in the Washington network had <= 1 connection to another priority area at the lower ER4 threshold. Priority areas with few linkages also averaged greater environmental resistance to movement along connecting pathways. Without maintaining corridors to larger priority areas or a clustered group, isolation of small priority areas could lead to regional loss of Greater Sage-Grouse. C1 [Crist, Michele R.; Knick, Steven T.; Hanser, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Crist, Michele R.] US Bur Land Management, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Hanser, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM sknick3495@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded our study but had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in writing the manuscript or publication. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 44 EP 57 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-60.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000005 ER PT J AU McFarland, HR Kendall, S Powell, AN AF McFarland, Heather R. Kendall, Steve Powell, Abby N. TI Nest-site selection and nest success of an Arctic-breeding passerine, Smith's Longspur, in a changing climate SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Smith's Longspur; Calcarius pictus; nest survival; temperature; habitat; climate change ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTHERN ALASKA; ECOLOGICAL FACTORS; HABITAT STRUCTURE; BIRDS; FOOD; VEGETATION; PREDATION; SPARROWS; WEATHER AB Despite changes in shrub cover and weather patterns associated with climate change in the Arctic, little is known about the breeding requirements of most passerines tied to northern regions. We investigated the nesting biology and nest habitat characteristics of Smith's Longspurs (Calcarius pictus) in 2 study areas in the Brooks Range of Alaska, USA. First, we examined variation in nesting phenology in relation to local temperatures. We then characterized nesting habitat and analyzed nest-site selection for a subset of nests (n = 86) in comparison with paired random points. Finally, we estimated the daily survival rate of 257 nests found in 2007-2013 with respect to both habitat characteristics and weather variables. Nest initiation was delayed in years with snow events, heavy rain, and freezing temperatures early in the breeding season. Nests were typically found in open, low-shrub tundra, and never among tall shrubs (mean shrub height at nests = 26.8 +/- 6.7 cm). We observed weak nest-site selection patterns. Considering the similarity between nest sites and paired random points, coupled with the unique social mating system of Smith's Longspurs, we suggest that habitat selection may occur at the neighborhood scale and not at the nest-site scale. The best approximating model explaining nest survival suggested a positive relationship with the numbers of days above 21 degrees C that an individual nest experienced; there was little support for models containing habitat variables. The daily nest survival rate was high (0.972-0.982) compared with that of most passerines in forested or grassland habitats, but similar to that of passerines nesting on tundra. Considering their high nesting success and ability to delay nest initiation during inclement weather, Smith's Longspurs may be resilient to predicted changes in weather regimes on the breeding grounds. Thus, the greatest threat to breeding Smith's Longspurs associated with climate change may be the loss of low-shrub habitat types, which could significantly change the characteristics of breeding areas. C1 [McFarland, Heather R.; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kendall, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP McFarland, HR; Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM hrcraig@alaska.edu; abbypowell@ufl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Science Support Program; USFWS Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; USGS Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Bureau of Land Management; Arctic Audubon Grant; Ted McHenry Scholarship; Bergstrom Memorial Scholarship; John Marooney Scholarship; CASE GK-12 Fellowship FX This study would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Science Support Program grant; the USFWS Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; USGS Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Bureau of Land Management. Additional funding for H.R.M. was provided through an Arctic Audubon Grant, Ted McHenry Scholarship, Bergstrom Memorial Scholarship, John Marooney Scholarship, and CASE GK-12 Fellowship. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. This paper has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-87.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000008 ER PT J AU Kramer, GR Streby, HM Peterson, SM Lehman, JA Buehler, DA Wood, PB McNeil, DJ Larkin, JL Andersen, DE AF Kramer, Gunnar R. Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Lehman, Justin A. Buehler, David A. Wood, Petra B. McNeil, Darin J. Larkin, Jeffery L. Andersen, David E. TI Nonbreeding isolation and population-specific migration patterns among three populations of Golden-winged Warblers SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE geolocators; isolation; migration; nonbreeding period; template-fit method; Vermivora chrysoptera ID LIGHT-LEVEL GEOLOCATORS; VERMIVORA-CHRYSOPTERA; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WINTERING AREAS; WIDE TRACKING; ANNUAL CYCLE; LONG-TERM; CONNECTIVITY; SONGBIRD; SUCCESS AB Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) are Nearctic-Neotropical migrants experiencing varied regional population trends not fully explained by breeding-grounds factors such as nest success. A lack of detailed information on the nonbreeding distributions, migration routes, or timing of migration among populations hampers our ability to identify population processes outside the breeding period. We used geolocators to track annual movements of 21 Golden-winged Warblers from 3 North American breeding locations experiencing varying population trends to investigate the potential for nonbreeding site factors to influence breeding populations. We used the template-fit method to estimate locations of individual warblers throughout the year. Geolocator-marked warblers exhibited significant isolation among populations during migration and the nonbreeding period. During the nonbreeding period, Golden-winged Warblers from Minnesota, USA (n = 12) occurred in Central America from southern Mexico to central Nicaragua; warblers from Tennessee, USA (n = 7) occurred along the border of northern Colombia and Venezuela; and warblers from Pennsylvania, USA (n = 2) occurred in north-central Venezuela. Warblers travelled at slower rates over more days in fall migration than spring migration. Fall migration routes at the Gulf of Mexico were population-specific, whereas spring routes were more varied and overlapped among populations. Golden-winged Warblers from Pennsylvania migrated 4,000 and 5,000 km yr(-1) farther than Tennessee and Minnesota warblers, respectively, and spent almost twice as long migrating in the fall compared to Minnesota warblers. Our results reveal nearly complete temporal and geographic isolation among 3 populations of Golden-winged Warblers throughout the annual cycle, resulting in opportunities for population-and site-specific factors to differentially influence populations outside the breeding period. Our findings highlight the need for monitoring multiple populations of migratory species to understand and better inform conservation strategies. C1 [Kramer, Gunnar R.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Lehman, Justin A.; Buehler, David A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Wood, Petra B.] West Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McNeil, Darin J.; Larkin, Jeffery L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Larkin, Jeffery L.] Amer Bird Conservancy, The Plains, VA USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kramer, GR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gunnarrkramer@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [1202729]; U.S.D.A Natural Resources Conservation Service FX These data were collected during a project funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 98 at the U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; by the National Science Foundation through Postdoctoral Research Fellowship No. 1202729 (H. Streby); and by the U.S.D.A Natural Resources Conservation Service in a grant administered by J. Larkin. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript and only the U.S. Geological Survey required approval of the final manuscript prior to publication as required in their Fundamental Sciences Practices protocols. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-143.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000010 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT AF Pearse, Aaron T. TI A Chorus of Cranes: The Cranes of North America and the World SO CONDOR LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-159.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000015 ER PT J AU Wade, AA Hand, BK Kovach, RP Luikart, G Whited, DC Muhlfeld, CC AF Wade, Alisa A. Hand, Brian K. Kovach, Ryan P. Luikart, Gordon Whited, Diane C. Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Accounting for adaptive capacity and uncertainty in assessments of species' climate-change vulnerability SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; bull trout; CCVA; Columbia River Basin; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salvelinus confluentus; steelhead trout; uncertainty ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENETIC RESPONSES; ALLELIC DIVERSITY; CHINOOK SALMON; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION AB Climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are valuable tools for assessing species' vulnerability to climatic changes, yet failure to include measures of adaptive capacity and to account for sources of uncertainty may limit their effectiveness. We took a more comprehensive approach that incorporates exposure, sensitivity, and capacity to adapt to climate change. We applied our approach to anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and nonanadromous bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), threatened salmonids within the Columbia River Basin (U.S.A.). We quantified exposure on the basis of scenarios of future stream temperature and flow, and we represented sensitivity and capacity to adapt to climate change with metrics of habitat quality, demographic condition, and genetic diversity. Both species were found to be highly vulnerable to climate change at low elevations and in their southernmost habitats. However, vulnerability rankings varied widely depending on the factors (climate, habitat, demographic, and genetic) included in the CCVA and often differed for the 2 species at locations where they were sympatric. Our findings illustrate that CCVA results are highly sensitive to data inputs and that spatial differences can complicate multispecies conservation. Based on our results, we suggest that CCVAs be considered within a broader conceptual and computational framework and be used to refine hypotheses, guide research, and compare plausible scenarios of species' vulnerability to climate change. C1 [Wade, Alisa A.; Hand, Brian K.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Luikart, Gordon; Whited, Diane C.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Wade, AA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM alisa.wade@umontana.edu FU Department of Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; NASA [NNX14AB84G]; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; NSF [DEB-1258203]; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks FX This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from R. Waples, P. Beier, M. Burgman, and one anonymous reviewer. This work was predominantly supported by the Department of Interior Northwest Climate Science Center and NASA grant number NNX14AB84G. R.K. was supported by the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. B.K.H. and G.L. were also partially supported by NSF grants DEB-1258203 and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1111/cobi.12764 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100015 PM 27214122 ER PT J AU Correll, MD Wiest, WA Hodgman, TP Shriver, WG Elphick, CS McGill, BJ O'Brien, KM Olsen, BJ AF Correll, Maureen D. Wiest, Whitney A. Hodgman, Thomas P. Shriver, W. Gregory Elphick, Chris S. McGill, Brian J. O'Brien, Kathleen M. Olsen, Brian J. TI Predictors of specialist avifaunal decline in coastal marshes SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; multiple stressors; population trends; resilience; Saltmarsh Sparrow; tidal marsh ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SCALE DAM REMOVAL; SALT-MARSH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; GEOMORPHIC CHANGE; MARINE SYSTEMS; ELWHA RIVER; NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE AB Coastal marshes are one of the world's most productive ecosystems. Consequently, they have been heavily used by humans for centuries, resulting in ecosystem loss. Direct human modifications such as road crossings and ditches and climatic stressors such as sea-level rise and extreme storm events have the potential to further degrade the quantity and quality of marsh along coastlines. We used an 18-year marsh-bird database to generate population trends for 5 avian species (Rallus crepitans, Tringa semipalmata semipalmata, Ammodramus nelsonii subvirgatus, Ammodramus caudacutus, and Ammodramus maritimus) that breed almost exclusively in tidal marshes, and are potentially vulnerable to marsh degradation and loss as a result of anthropogenic change. We generated community and species trends across 3 spatial scales and explored possible drivers of the changes we observed, including marsh ditching, tidal restriction through road crossings, local rates of sea-level rise, and potential for extreme flooding events. The specialist community showed negative trends in tidally restricted marshes (-2.4% annually from 1998 to 2012) but was stable in unrestricted marshes across the same period. At the species level, we found negative population trends in 3 of the 5 specialist species, ranging from -4.2% to 9.0% annually. We suggest that tidal restriction may accelerate degradation of tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise by limiting sediment supply necessary for marsh accretion, resulting in specialist habitat loss in tidally restricted marshes. Based on our findings, we predict a collapse of the global population of Saltmarsh Sparrows (A. caudacutus) within the next 50 years and suggest that immediate conservation action is needed to prevent extinction of this species. We also suggest mitigation actions to restore sediment supply to coastal marshes to help sustain this ecosystem into the future. Predictores de la Declinacion de Avifauna Especialista en Humedales Costeros Los humedales costeros son uno de los ecosistemas mas productivos en el mundo. Consecuentemente, han sido utilizados intensivamente por los humanos durante siglos, resultando en la perdida del ecosistema. Modificaciones humanas directas como caminos y zanjas, asi como agentes climaticos estresantes como el incremento del nivel del mar y eventos de tormentas extremas tienen el potencial de degradar aun mas la cantidad y calidad de humedales a lo largo de las costas. Utilizamos una base de datos de 18 anos de aves de humedal para generar tendencias poblaciones de especies de aves (Rallus crepitans, Tringa semipalmata semipalmata, Ammodramus nelsonii subvirgatus, A. caudacutus, y A. maritimus) que se reproducen casi exclusivamente en marismas y que son potencialmente vulnerables a la degradacion y perdida de humedales como resultado de cambios antropogenicos. Generamos tendencias de la comunidad y de especies en 3 escalas espaciales y exploramos los posibles factores de los cambios observados, incluyendo la construccion de canales, la restriccion de mareas por medio de caminos, tasas locales de incremento del nivel del mar y el potencial de eventos de inundacion extremos. La comunidad de especialistas mostro tendencias negativas en humedales restringidos por las mareas (-2.4% anualmente de 1998 a 2012), pero fue estable en humedales no restringidos. A nivel de especies, encontramos tendencias poblacionales negativas en 3 de las 5 especies especialistas que variaron entre -4.2% a 9% anualmente. Sugerimos que la restriccion de mareas puede acelerar la degradacion de la resiliencia de marismas al incremento del nivel del mar al limitar el aporte de los sedimentos necesarios para la acrecion de marismas, lo cual resulta en la perdida de habitat en marismas restringidas por las mareas. Con base en nuestros resultados, pronosticamos un colapso de la poblacion global de A. caudacutus en los proximos 50 anos y sugerimos que se requieren acciones de conservacion inmediatas para prevenir la extincion de esta especie. Tambien sugerimos acciones de mitigacion para restaurar el aporte de sedimentos en los humedales costeros para ayudar a sostener este ecosistema en el futuro. Resumen C1 [Correll, Maureen D.; McGill, Brian J.; Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Correll, Maureen D.; McGill, Brian J.; Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Ecol & Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Wiest, Whitney A.; Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hodgman, Thomas P.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Conservat & Biodivers, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Correll, MD (reprint author), Univ Maine, 204 Clapp Greenhouse, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM maureen.correll@maine.edu FU Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Delaware [U2-5-R-1]; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Maryland [U2-5-R-1]; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Connecticut [U2-5-R-1]; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Maine [U2-5-R-1]; National Science Foundation Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [DGE-1144423]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [P11AT00245, 50154-0-G004A]; United States Department of Agriculture [ME0-H-6-00492-12]; Maine Association of Wetland Scientists; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Rachel Carson NWR; Parker River NWR; Monomoy NWR; Bombay Hook NWR; Massachusetts Audubon; New Hampshire Audubon; Audubon New York; New Jersey Audubon; New Jersey Meadowlands Commission; Smithsonian Institution; SHARP FX We received primary funding through a Competitive State Wildlife Grant (U2-5-R-1) via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the States of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine. Additional funding was provided through a National Science Foundation Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (DGE-1144423), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (P11AT00245, 50154-0-G004A), United States Department of Agriculture (ME0-H-6-00492-12), and the Maine Association of Wetland Scientists. We thank the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Rachel Carson NWR, Parker River NWR, Monomoy NWR, Bombay Hook NWR, Massachusetts Audubon, New Hampshire Audubon, Audubon New York, New Jersey Audubon, The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, the Smithsonian Institution, and all SHARP partners for data and field support. We thank SHARP field crews in 2011 and 2012 and land owners who allowed access to their properties. We also thank W. Halteman, E. Adams, J. McCabe, and D. Rosco for support during analysis, and 3 anonymous reviewers whose feedback greatly improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of our sponsors. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1111/cobi.12797 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100018 PM 27542096 ER PT J AU Dilkina, B Houtman, R Gomes, CP Montgomery, CA McKelvey, KS Kendall, K Graves, TA Bernstein, R Schwartz, MK AF Dilkina, Bistra Houtman, Rachel Gomes, Carla P. Montgomery, Claire A. McKelvey, Kevin S. Kendall, Katherine Graves, Tabitha A. Bernstein, Richard Schwartz, Michael K. TI Trade-offs and efficiencies in optimal budget-constrained multispecies corridor networks SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; conservation planning; cost-effective conservation; economics; optimization; protected areas; threatened species; wildlife corridor ID LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRIZZLY BEARS; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; WOLVERINE; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; DISPERSAL AB Conservation biologists recognize that a system of isolated protected areas will be necessary but insufficient to meet biodiversity objectives. Current approaches to connecting core conservation areas through corridors consider optimal corridor placement based on a single optimization goal: commonly, maximizing the movement for a target species across a network of protected areas. We show that designing corridors for single species based on purely ecological criteria leads to extremely expensive linkages that are suboptimal for multispecies connectivity objectives. Similarly, acquiring the least-expensive linkages leads to ecologically poor solutions. We developed algorithms for optimizing corridors for multispecies use given a specific budget. We applied our approach in western Montana to demonstrate how the solutions may be used to evaluate trade-offs in connectivity for 2 species with different habitat requirements, different core areas, and different conservation values under different budgets. We evaluated corridors that were optimal for each species individually and for both species jointly. Incorporating a budget constraint and jointly optimizing for both species resulted in corridors that were close to the individual species movement-potential optima but with substantial cost savings. Our approach produced corridors that were within 14% and 11% of the best possible corridor connectivity for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolverines (Gulo gulo), respectively, and saved 75% of the cost. Similarly, joint optimization under a combined budget resulted in improved connectivity for both species relative to splitting the budget in 2 to optimize for each species individually. Our results demonstrate economies of scale and complementarities conservation planners can achieve by optimizing corridor designs for financial costs and for multiple species connectivity jointly. We believe that our approach will facilitate corridor conservation by reducing acquisition costs and by allowing derived corridors to more closely reflect conservation priorities. C1 [Dilkina, Bistra] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Sch Computat Sci & Engn, 266 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Houtman, Rachel; Montgomery, Claire A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 280 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gomes, Carla P.; Bernstein, Richard] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Inst Computat Sustainabil, 353 Gates Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McKelvey, Kevin S.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, Missoula, MT USA. [Kendall, Katherine; Graves, Tabitha A.] US Geol Survey, Glacier Field Stn, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 38 Mather Dr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, Missoula, MT USA. EM michaelkschwartz@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-0832782, CCF-1522054, 1059284]; USFS RD FX We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF Expeditions in Computing award for Computational Sustainability CCF-0832782, NSF Expeditions in Computing award for CompSustNet CCF-1522054, and NSF Computing research infrastructure for Computational Sustainability grant 1059284) for sustained funding. We thank the USFS R&D for initial funding for this project. We thank R. Le Bras, Y. Xue, D. Calkin, W. Block, and K. Lai for earlier work on this project and T. Cross for editorial comments. We thank the agencies and hundreds of employees and volunteers that provided substantial logistical, funding, and in-kind support for collection of bear data used in this analysis, including USGS; the Blackfeet Nation; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the U.S. Forest Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1111/cobi.12814 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100020 PM 27677418 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Coco, G Townend, I Olabarrieta, M van der Wegen, M Gong, Z D'Alpaos, A Gao, S Jaffe, BE Gelfenbaum, G He, Q Wang, YP Lanzoni, S Wang, ZB Winterwerp, H Zhang, CK AF Zhou, Zeng Coco, Giovanni Townend, Ian Olabarrieta, Maitane van der Wegen, Mick Gong, Zheng D'Alpaos, Andrea Gao, Shu Jaffe, Bruce E. Gelfenbaum, Guy He, Qing Wang, Yaping Lanzoni, Stefano Wang, Zhengbing Winterwerp, Han Zhang, Changkuan TI Is "Morphodynamic Equilibrium" an oxymoron? SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Morphodynamic equilibrium; Estuaries and coasts; Sediment transport; Static equilibrium; Dynamic equilibrium; Numerical modelling ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STABILITY; TIDAL EMBAYMENTS; LONG-TERM; ESTUARINE MORPHODYNAMICS; INTERTIDAL MUDFLATS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; WIND-WAVES; FORM MODEL; RIVER FLOW AB Morphodynamic equilibrium is a widely adopted yet elusive concept in the field of geomorphology of coasts, rivers and estuaries. Based on the Exner equation, an expression of mass conservation of sediment, we distinguish three types of equilibrium defined as static and dynamic, of which two different types exist. Other expressions such as statistical and quasi-equilibrium which do not strictly satisfy the Exner conditions are also acknowledged for their practical use. The choice of a temporal scale is imperative to analyse the type of equilibrium. We discuss the difference between morphodynamic equilibrium in the "real world" (nature) and the "virtual world" (model). Modelling studies rely on simplifications of the real world and lead to understanding of process interactions. A variety of factors affect the use of virtual-world predictions in the real world (e.g., variability in environmental drivers and variability in the setting) so that the concept of morphodynamic equilibrium should be mathematically unequivocal in the virtual world and interpreted over the appropriate spatial and temporal scale in the real world. We draw examples from estuarine settings which are subject to various governing factors which broadly include hydrodynamics, sedimentology and landscape setting. Following the traditional "tide-wave-river" ternary diagram, we summarize studies to date that explore the "virtual world", discuss the type of equilibrium reached and how it relates to the real world. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Zeng] Hohai Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Coast Ocean Resources Dev & Envir, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Zeng; Coco, Giovanni] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Townend, Ian] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Olabarrieta, Maitane] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [van der Wegen, Mick] UNESCO, IHE, Delft, Netherlands. [van der Wegen, Mick; Wang, Zhengbing; Winterwerp, Han] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Gong, Zheng; Zhang, Changkuan] Hohai Univ, Coll Harbour Coastal & Offshore Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [D'Alpaos, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Padua, Italy. [Gao, Shu; He, Qing] East China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Jaffe, Bruce E.; Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wang, Yaping] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lanzoni, Stefano] Univ Padua, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Padua, Italy. [Wang, Zhengbing; Winterwerp, Han] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Coast Ocean Resources Dev & Envir, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhouzeng@hhu.edu.cn OI Zhou, Zeng/0000-0002-4745-1621 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41606104, 51620105005]; Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation [BK20160862]; "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", China [2016B00714, 2015B24814] FX This work benefited from the open discussion during the 4th Estuary Day Workshop, with a theme of "Morphodynamic equilibrium in tidal environments", held at Hohai University, Nanjing in October 2015. The authors are grateful to all the participants for the insightful and stimulating ideas. We wish to thank Brad Murray, the anonymous reviewer and Joan Florsheim (the Editor) for the insightful comments which helped to improve the original manuscript considerably. We also would like to thank Amy East (Coastal and Marine Geology group, USGS) for many useful comments and language edits. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 41606104, 51620105005), the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. BK20160862) and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (Grant Nos. 2016B00714, 2015B24814), China. NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 165 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.002 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL1QJ UT WOS:000394395800010 ER PT J AU Li, L Maher, K Navarre-Sitchler, A Druhan, J Meile, C Lawrence, C Moore, J Perdrial, J Sullivan, P Thompson, A Jin, LX Bolton, EW Brantley, SL Dietrich, WE Mayer, KU Steefel, CI Valocchi, A Zachara, J Kocar, B Mcintosh, J Tutolo, BM Kumar, M Sonnenthal, E Bao, C Beisman, J AF Li, Li Maher, Kate Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis Druhan, Jenny Meile, Christof Lawrence, Corey Moore, Joel Perdrial, Julia Sullivan, Pamela Thompson, Aaron Jin, Lixin Bolton, Edward W. Brantley, Susan L. Dietrich, William E. Mayer, K. Ulrich Steefel, Carl I. Valocchi, Albert Zachara, John Kocar, Benjamin Mcintosh, Jennifer Tutolo, Benjamin M. Kumar, Mukesh Sonnenthal, Eric Bao, Chen Beisman, Joe TI Expanding the role of reactive transport models in critical zone processes SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Critical Zone Processes; Reactive transport models; Chemical weathering; Hydrological cycles; Biogeochemical processes; Spatial heterogeneity; Root zone; Isotopes ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; RUDIMENTARY MECHANISTIC MODEL; URANIUM BIOREDUCTION RATES; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; COUPLED LAND-SURFACE; POROUS-MEDIA; DISSOLUTION RATES AB Models test our understanding of processes and can reach beyond the spatial and temporal scales of measurements. Multi-component Reactive Transport Models (RTMs), initially developed more than three decades ago, have been used extensively to explore the interactions of geothermal, hydrologic, geochemical, and geobiological processes in subsurface systems. Driven by extensive data sets now available from intensive measurement efforts, there is a pressing need to couple RTMs with other community models to explore non-linear interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Here we briefly review the history of RTM development, summarize the current state of RTM approaches, and identify new research directions, opportunities, and infrastructure needs to broaden the use of RTMs. In particular, we envision the expanded use of RTMs in advancing process understanding in the Critical Zone, the veneer of the Earth that extends from the top of vegetation to the bottom of groundwater. We argue that, although parsimonious models are essential at larger scales, process-based models offer tools to explore the highly nonlinear coupling that characterizes natural systems. We present seven testable hypotheses that emphasize the unique capabilities of process-based RTMs for (1) elucidating chemical weathering and its physical and biogeochemical drivers; (2) understanding the interactions among roots, micro-organisms, carbon, water, and minerals in the rhizosphere; (3) assessing the effects of heterogeneity across spatial and temporal scales; and (4) integrating the vast quantity of novel data, including "omics" data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), elemental concentration and speciation data, and isotope data into our understanding of complex earth surface systems. With strong support from data-driven sciences, we are now in an exciting era where integration of RTM framework into other community models will facilitate process understanding across disciplines and across scales. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Li; Bao, Chen] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis; Beisman, Joe] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Druhan, Jenny] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Meile, Christof] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lawrence, Corey] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Moore, Joel] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Perdrial, Julia] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Sullivan, Pamela] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Thompson, Aaron] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jin, Lixin] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Bolton, Edward W.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dietrich, William E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mayer, K. Ulrich] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Steefel, Carl I.; Sonnenthal, Eric] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Valocchi, Albert] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zachara, John] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kocar, Benjamin] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mcintosh, Jennifer] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Tutolo, Benjamin M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Kumar, Mukesh] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lili@engr.psu.edu FU NSF Low Temperature Geochemistry and Geobiology [EAR 14-14558]; NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory [NNA13AA93A]; DOE OBES [DE-FG02-OSER15675]; DOE SBR [DE-FOA-0000311] FX This paper grew out of the workshop "Expanding the role of reactive transport modeling in biogeochemical sciences", held in Alexandra, Virginia on April 13-15, 2014 (Li et al., 2014) with support from the NSF Low Temperature Geochemistry and Geobiology (EAR 14-14558). EWB received support from NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement number NNA13AA93A. SLB acknowledges funding from DOE OBES DE-FG02-OSER15675. LL acknowledges funding from DOE SBR DE-FOA-0000311. We acknowledge insightful feedbacks and careful editing from Jon Chorover and David L. Parkhurst, as well as stimulating and constructive comments from Olaf Cirpka and two anonymous reviewers that have significantly improved this paper. We appreciate Dr. Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza for handling this manuscript NR 453 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 165 BP 280 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.09.001 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL1QJ UT WOS:000394395800012 ER PT J AU Overstreet, BT Legleiter, CJ AF Overstreet, Brandon T. Legleiter, Carl J. TI Removing sun glint from optical remote sensing images of shallow rivers SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of rivers; hyperspectral imagery; sun glint; bathymetry; geomorphology ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; WATER; BATHYMETRY; ENVIRONMENTS; PREDICTION; GLITTER; DEPTHS; MODEL AB Sun glint is the specular reflection of light from the water surface, which often causes unusually bright pixel values that can dominate fluvial remote sensing imagery and obscure the water-leaving radiance signal of interest for mapping bathymetry, bottom type, or water column optical characteristics. Although sun glint is ubiquitous in fluvial remote sensing imagery, river-specific methods for removing sun glint are not yet available. We show that existing sun glint-removal methods developed for multispectral images of marine shallow water environments over-correct shallow portions of fluvial remote sensing imagery resulting in regions of unreliable data along channel margins. We build on existing marine glint-removal methods to develop a river-specific technique that removes sun glint from shallow areas of the channel without over-correction by accounting for non-negligible water-leaving near-infrared radiance. This new sun glint-removal method can improve the accuracy of spectrally-based depth retrieval in cases where sun glint dominates the at-sensor radiance. For an example image of the gravel-bed Snake River, Wyoming, USA, observed-versus-predicted R-2 values for depth retrieval improved from 0.66 to 0.76 following sun glint removal. The methodology presented here is straightforward to implement and could be incorporated into image processing workflows for multispectral images that include a near-infrared band. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Overstreet, Brandon T.; Legleiter, Carl J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, 1000 E Univ Ave,Dept 3371, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Overstreet, BT (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, 1000 E Univ Ave,Dept 3371, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM boverstr@uwyo.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010873, N000141210737]; University of Wyoming Water Resources Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program; Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA) [NNX15AI08H]; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center FX This study was funded by the Office of Naval Research (awards N000141010873 and N000141210737). Additional financial support was provided by the University of Wyoming Water Resources Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program and the Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA Grant #NNX15AI08H). The National Park Service granted permission to collect field measurements and conduct remote sensing flights within Grand Teton National Park. The University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center provided financial and logistical support. Chip Rawlins, Toby Stegman, and Annie Toth assisted with field data collection. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 2 BP 318 EP 333 DI 10.1002/esp.4063 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EL5VI UT WOS:000394689000006 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB AF Yackulic, Charles B. TI Competitive exclusion over broad spatial extents is a slow process: evidence and implications for species distribution modeling SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; RANGE DYNAMICS; BARRED OWLS; EXTINCTION; HABITAT; COEXISTENCE; DIVERSITY AB There is considerable debate about the role of competition in shaping species distributions over broad spatial extents. This debate has practical implications because predicting changes in species' geographic ranges in response to ongoing environmental change would be simpler if competition could be ignored. While this debate has been the subject of many reviews, recent literature has not addressed the rates of relevant processes. This omission is surprising in that ecologists hypothesized decades ago that regional competitive exclusion is a slow process. The goal of this review is to reassess the debate under the hypothesis that competitive exclusion over broad spatial extents is a slow process. Available evidence, including simulations presented for the first time here, suggests that competitive exclusion over broad spatial extents occurs slowly over temporal extents of many decades to millennia. Ecologists arguing against an important role for competition frequently study modern patterns and/or range dynamics over periods of decades, while much of the evidence for competition shaping geographic ranges at broad spatial extents comes from paleoecological studies over time scales of centuries or longer. If competition is slow, as evidence suggests, the geographic distributions of some, perhaps many species, would continue to change over time scales of decades to millennia, even if environmental conditions did not continue to change. If the distributions of competing species are at equilibrium it is possible to predict species distributions based on observed species-environment relationships. However, disequilibrium is widespread as a result of competition and many other processes. Studies whose goal is accurate predictions over intermediate time scales (decades to centuries) should focus on factors associated with range expansion (colonization) and loss (local extinction), as opposed to current patterns. In general, understanding of modern range dynamics would be enhanced by considering the rates of relevant processes. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM cyackulic@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 IS 2 DI 10.1111/ecog.02836 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5NW UT WOS:000394668800009 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Stolz, JF AF Oremland, Ronald S. Stolz, John F. TI Metabolomic changes in response to toxic arsenite SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MICROBIAL-METABOLISM; ANTIMONITE OXIDASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OXIDATION; INVOLVEMENT; WATERS; EARTH C1 [Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 413 EP 414 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.13596 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EL9XI UT WOS:000394973000002 PM 27871131 ER PT J AU MacDonald, D Haines, ML Ingersoll, C AF MacDonald, Don Haines, Mary Lou Ingersoll, Chris TI EDWARD R. LONG In Memoriam SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Biographical-Item ID SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES; TOXICITY; MARINE C1 [MacDonald, Don; Haines, Mary Lou] MacDonald Environm Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Ingersoll, Chris] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. RP MacDonald, D (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 36 IS 2 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1002/etc.3685 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5UL UT WOS:000394686600001 PM 28027396 ER PT J AU Kingsley, EP Kozak, KM Pfeifer, SP Yang, DS Hoekstra, HE AF Kingsley, Evan P. Kozak, Krzysztof M. Pfeifer, Susanne P. Yang, Dou-Shuan Hoekstra, Hopi E. TI The ultimate and proximate mechanisms driving the evolution of long tails in forest deer mice SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Caudal vertebrae; convergence; local adaptation; parallel evolution; Peromyscus maniculatus; skeletal evolution ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; GENUS PEROMYSCUS; CYTOCHROME-B; ADAPTATION; POPULATIONS AB Understanding both the role of selection in driving phenotypic change and its underlying genetic basis remain major challenges in evolutionary biology. Here, we use modern tools to revisit a classic system of local adaptation in the North American deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, which occupies two main habitat types: prairie and forest. Using historical collections, we find that forest-dwelling mice have longer tails than those from nonforested habitat, even when we account for individual and population relatedness. Using genome-wide SNP data, we show that mice from forested habitats in the eastern and western parts of their range form separate clades, suggesting that increased tail length evolved independently. We find that forest mice in the east and west have both more and longer caudal vertebrae, but not trunk vertebrae, than nearby prairie forms. By intercrossing prairie and forest mice, we show that the number and length of caudal vertebrae are not correlated in this recombinant population, indicating that variation in these traits is controlled by separate genetic loci. Together, these results demonstrate convergent evolution of the long-tailed forest phenotype through two distinct genetic mechanisms, affecting number and length of vertebrae, and suggest that these morphological changeseither independently or togetherare adaptive. C1 [Kingsley, Evan P.; Hoekstra, Hopi E.] Harvard Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kozak, Krzysztof M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Kozak, Krzysztof M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. [Pfeifer, Susanne P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Life Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Pfeifer, Susanne P.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Pfeifer, Susanne P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yang, Dou-Shuan] Univ Washington, Burke Museum & Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yang, Dou-Shuan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura Field Off,2493 Portola Rd B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Hoekstra, HE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hoekstra@oeb.harvard.edu FU FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University; Putnam Expedition Grant from the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ); Robert A. Chapman Memorial Scholarship from Harvard University; Harvard PRISE Fellowship; Harvard College; NIH Genome Sciences Training Grant through the University of Washington FX The authors wish to thank Emily Hager, Jonathan Losos, Ricardo Mallarino, the associate editor, and four anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Judy Chupasko facilitated work in the MCZ Mammal collection. Jonathan Losos, Luke Mahler, and Shane Campbell-Staton advised on comparative methods. The following individuals and institutions kindly provided tissue samples (a) and specimen records (b) used in this study: R. Mallarino, L. Turner, and A. Young (MCZ; a, b); S. Peurachs (Smithsonian Institution; a, b), C. Dardia (Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates; a, b), S. Hinshaw (University of Michigan Museum of Vertebrates; a, b), L. Olson (University of Alaska Museum of the North; a, b), J. Dunnum (University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology; a, b), C. Conroy (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley; a, b), P. Gegick (New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; a, b), S. Woodward (Royal Ontario Museum; a, b), H. Garner (Texas Tech University; a, b), E. Rickart (Utah Museum of Natural History; a, b), R. Jennings (University of Western New Mexico; b), J. Storz (University of Nebraska; a), and the databases of the University of Florida Museum of Natural History (b) and the Burke Museum of Natural History at the University of Washington (b). Read alignment and variant calling were run at the Vital-IT Center (http://www.vital-it.ch) for high-performance computing of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). Phylogeographic analyses were run at the School of Life Sciences, University of Cambridge, with the assistance from J. Barna, and on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University. This work was supported by a Putnam Expedition Grant from the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) and the Robert A. Chapman Memorial Scholarship from Harvard University to EPK; a Harvard PRISE Fellowship and undergraduate research grants from Harvard College and the MCZ to K.K.; and an NIH Genome Sciences Training Grant to D.S.Y. through the University of Washington. H.E.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 2017 VL 71 IS 2 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1111/evo.13150 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EM0CA UT WOS:000394985200006 PM 27958661 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Casper, AF Counihan, TD Bayer, JM Waite, IR Kosovich, JJ Chapman, CG Irwin, ER Sauer, JS Ickes, BS McKerrow, AJ AF Ward, David L. Casper, Andrew F. Counihan, Timothy D. Bayer, Jennifer M. Waite, Ian R. Kosovich, John J. Chapman, Colin G. Irwin, Elise R. Sauer, Jennifer S. Ickes, Brian S. McKerrow, Alexa J. TI Long-Term Fish Monitoring in Large Rivers: Utility of "Benchmarking" across Basins SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER; ILLINOIS RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; HUMPBACK CHUB; POPULATION; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES; SURPRISES; ECOSYSTEM AB In business, benchmarking is a widely used practice of comparing your own business processes to those of other comparable companies and incorporating identified best practices to improve performance. Biologists and resource managers designing and conducting monitoring programs for fish in large river systems tend to focus on single river basins or segments of large rivers, missing opportunities to learn from those conducting fish monitoring in other rivers. We briefly examine five long-term fish monitoring programs in large rivers in the United States (Colorado, Columbia, Mississippi, Illinois, and Tallapoosa rivers) and identify opportunities for learning across programs by detailing best monitoring practices and why these practices were chosen. Although monitoring objectives, methods, and program maturity differ between each river system, examples from these five case studies illustrate the important role that long-term monitoring programs play in interpreting temporal and spatial shifts in fish populations for both established objectives and newly emerging questions. We suggest that deliberate efforts to develop a broader collaborative network through benchmarking will facilitate sharing of ideas and development of more effective monitoring programs. C1 [Ward, David L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Casper, Andrew F.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL USA. [Counihan, Timothy D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. [Bayer, Jennifer M.] US Geol Survey, Northwest Reg, Seattle, WA USA. [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Kosovich, John J.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chapman, Colin G.] Ocean Salmon & Columbia River Program, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Clackamas, OR USA. [Irwin, Elise R.] US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. [Sauer, Jennifer S.; Ickes, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [McKerrow, Alexa J.] NC State Univ, US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov; jbayer@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [1986-050-00]; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; State of Oregon; USFWS; Illinois Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program; Alabama Power Company; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX Funding for the Columbia River portion of this project was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 1986-050-00), the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the State of Oregon. The Illinois River portion of this project was supported by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act, with funds administered by USFWS and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Funding for the Upper Mississippi River portion of this project was provided by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. Funding for the Tallapoosa River portion was provided by Alabama Power Company and the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources with research conducted using live animals under Auburn University IACUC protocol # 96-0256. Cooperators for the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Research Unit are USGS, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Wildlife Management Institute, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, and USFWS. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for informational use only and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 2 BP 100 EP 114 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL6RZ UT WOS:000394751100007 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Cooke, SJ Beard, TD Kao, YC Lorenzen, K Song, AM Allen, MS Basher, Z Bunnell, DB Camp, EV Cowx, IG Freedman, JA Nguyen, VM Nohner, JK Rogers, MW Siders, ZA Taylor, WW Youn, SJ AF Lynch, Abigail J. Cooke, Steven J. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Kao, Yu-Chun Lorenzen, Kai Song, Andrew M. Allen, Micheal S. Basher, Zeenatul Bunnell, David B. Camp, Edward V. Cowx, Ian G. Freedman, Jonathan A. Nguyen, Vivian M. Nohner, Joel K. Rogers, Mark W. Siders, Zachary A. Taylor, William W. Youn, So-Jung TI Grand Challenges in the Management and Conservation of North American Inland Fishes and Fisheries SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VALUES; SERVICES; PRINCIPLES; SUPPORT; BIOLOGY; THREATS AB Even with long-standing management and extensive science support, North American inland fish and fisheries still face many conservation and management challenges. We used a grand challenges approach to identify critical roadblocks that if removed would help solve important problems in the management and long-term conservation of North American inland fish and fisheries. We identified seven grand challenges within three themes (valuation, governance, and externalities) and 34 research needs and management actions. The major themes identified are to (1) raise awareness of diverse values associated with inland fish and fisheries, (2) govern inland fish and fisheries to satisfy multiple use and conservation objectives, and (3) ensure productive inland fisheries given nonfishing sector externalities. Addressing these grand challenges will help the broader community understand the diverse values of inland fish and fisheries, promote open forums for engagement of diverse stakeholders in fisheries management, and better integrate the inland fish sector into the greater water and land use policy process. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.; Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.; Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Kao, Yu-Chun; Basher, Zeenatul; Nohner, Joel K.; Taylor, William W.; Youn, So-Jung] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lorenzen, Kai; Allen, Micheal S.; Camp, Edward V.; Freedman, Jonathan A.; Siders, Zachary A.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Song, Andrew M.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Bunnell, David B.; Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ajlynch@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX The synthesis workshop and joint activities of this group have been funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Additional support was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada's Too Big To Ignore Network based out of Memorial University, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs program, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL6RZ UT WOS:000394751100008 ER PT J AU Fredenberg, CR Muhlfeld, CC Guy, CS D'Angelo, VS Downs, CC Syslo, JM AF Fredenberg, C. R. Muhlfeld, C. C. Guy, C. S. D'Angelo, V. S. Downs, C. C. Syslo, J. M. TI Suppression of invasive lake trout in an isolated backcountry lake in Glacier National Park SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demographics; introduced species; invasive species; matrix model; Salvelinus confluentus; Salvelinus namaycush ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; BULL TROUT; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; FISHES; DISPLACEMENT; EXTINCTIONS AB Fisheries managers have implemented suppression programmes to control non-native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), in several lakes throughout the western United States. This study determined the feasibility of experimentally suppressing lake trout using gillnets in an isolated backcountry lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, for the conservation of threatened bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley). The demographics of the lake trout population during suppression (2009-2013) were described, and those data were used to assess the effects of suppression scenarios on population growth rate () using an age-structured population model. Model simulations indicated that the population was growing exponentially (=1.23, 95% CI: 1.16-1.28) prior to suppression. However, suppression resulted in declining (0.61-0.79) for lake trout, which was concomitant with stable bull trout adult abundances. Continued suppression at or above observed exploitation levels is needed to ensure continued population declines. C1 [Fredenberg, C. R.; Muhlfeld, C. C.; D'Angelo, V. S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Guy, C. S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fredenberg, C. R.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Syslo, J. M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Guy, CS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cguy@montana.edu FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service; Montana State University [28-06]; Montana State University; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks FX We are grateful to B. Miller, B. Galloway, T. Pederson and J. Giersch for field assistance. Funding for the project was provided by the US Geological Survey and The National Park Service. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University protocol number 28-06. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by Montana State University, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 24 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1111/fme.12200 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL9TG UT WOS:000394962400004 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Bell, DM AF Bradford, John B. Bell, David M. TI A window of opportunity for climate-change adaptation: easing tree mortality by reducing forest basal area SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; IMPACTS; VULNERABILITY; CONSEQUENCES; FUTURE AB Increasing aridity as a result of climate change is expected to exacerbate tree mortality. Reducing forest basal area - the cross-sectional area of tree stems within a given ground area - can decrease tree competition, which may reduce drought-induced tree mortality. However, neither the magnitude of expected mortality increases, nor the potential effectiveness of basal area reduction, has been quantified in dryland forests such as those of the drought-prone Southwest US. We used thousands of repeatedly measured forest plots to show that unusually warm and dry conditions are related to high tree mortality rates and that mortality is positively related to basal area. Those relationships suggest that while increasing high temperature extremes forecasted by climate models may lead to elevated tree mortality during the 21st century, future tree mortality might be partly ameliorated by reducing stand basal area. This adaptive forest management strategy may provide a window of opportunity for forest managers and policy makers to guide forest transitions to species and/or genotypes more suited to future climates. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bell, David M.] Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov FU US Department of Interior's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; US National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DBI-1202800]; USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This analysis would not have been possible without the data collected by the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. JBB was supported by the US Department of Interior's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. DMB was supported by a US National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology (DBI-1202800) and the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1002/fee.1445 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OV UT WOS:000394671300013 ER PT J AU Steenweg, R Hebblewhite, M Kays, R Ahumada, J Fisher, JT Burton, C Townsend, SE Carbone, C Rowcliffe, JM Whittington, J Brodie, J Royle, JA Switalski, A Clevenger, AP Heim, N Rich, LN AF Steenweg, Robin Hebblewhite, Mark Kays, Roland Ahumada, Jorge Fisher, Jason T. Burton, Cole Townsend, Susan E. Carbone, Chris Rowcliffe, J. Marcus Whittington, Jesse Brodie, Jedediah Royle, J. Andrew Switalski, Adam Clevenger, Anthony P. Heim, Nicole Rich, Lindsey N. TI Scaling-up camera traps: monitoring the planet's biodiversity with networks of remote sensors SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; FOREST MAMMALS; GRIZZLY BEARS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; PROGRAM; DENSITY; PERSISTENCE; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE AB Countries committed to implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity's 2011-2020 strategic plan need effective tools to monitor global trends in biodiversity. Remote cameras are a rapidly growing technology that has great potential to transform global monitoring for terrestrial biodiversity and can be an important contributor to the call for measuring Essential Biodiversity Variables. Recent advances in camera technology and methods enable researchers to estimate changes in abundance and distribution for entire communities of animals and to identify global drivers of biodiversity trends. We suggest that interconnected networks of remote cameras will soon monitor biodiversity at a global scale, help answer pressing ecological questions, and guide conservation policy. This global network will require greater collaboration among remote-camera studies and citizen scientists, including standardized metadata, shared protocols, and security measures to protect records about sensitive species. With modest investment in infrastructure, and continued innovation, synthesis, and collaboration, we envision a global network of remote cameras that not only provides real-time biodiversity data but also serves to connect people with nature. C1 [Steenweg, Robin; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kays, Roland] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kays, Roland] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ahumada, Jorge] Moore Ctr Sci, Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Fisher, Jason T.] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Fisher, Jason T.; Heim, Nicole] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Burton, Cole] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Burton, Cole] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Townsend, Susan E.] Wildlife Ecol & Consulting, Oakland, CA USA. [Carbone, Chris; Rowcliffe, J. Marcus] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England. [Whittington, Jesse] Banff Natl Pk Resource Conservat, Pk Canada, Banff, AB, Canada. [Brodie, Jedediah] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Switalski, Adam] InRoads Consulting LLC, Missoula, MT USA. [Clevenger, Anthony P.] Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rich, Lindsey N.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Hebblewhite, M (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mark.hebblewhite@umontana.edu FU University of Montana; Parks Canada; NASA [NNX11AO47G]; Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute; Panthera Inc; Yellowstone FX We thank W Turner and J Nichols for comments on previous drafts; the organizers of the 2014 Society for Conservation Biology conference in Missoula, MT, for providing a productive venue for this idea-sharing workshop on cameras and conservation; and C Reynolds for assistance with figures. Funding was provided by the University of Montana, Parks Canada, NASA grant NNX11AO47G to MH, Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, Panthera Inc, and Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1002/fee.1448 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OV UT WOS:000394671300015 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Sofaer, HR Sillett, TS Morrison, SA Ghalambor, CK AF Yoon, Jongmin Sofaer, Helen R. Sillett, T. Scott Morrison, Scott A. Ghalambor, Cameron K. TI The relationship between female brooding and male nestling provisioning: does climate underlie geographic variation in sex roles? SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE PARENTAL CARE; LIFE-HISTORIES; SNOW BUNTINGS; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; EASTERN KINGBIRD; PATERNAL CARE; HOUSE WRENS; TRADE-OFFS AB Comparative studies of populations occupying different environments can provide insights into the ecological conditions affecting differences in parental strategies, including the relative contributions of males and females. Male and female parental strategies reflect the interplay between ecological conditions, the contributions of the social mate, and the needs of offspring. Climate is expected to underlie geographic variation in incubation and brooding behavior, and can thereby affect both the absolute and relative contributions of each sex to other aspects of parental care such as offspring provisioning. However, geographic variation in brooding behavior has received much less attention than variation in incubation attentiveness or provisioning rates. We compared parental behavior during the nestling period in populations of orange-crowned warblers Oreothlypis celata near the northern (64 degrees N) and southern (33 degrees N) boundaries of the breeding range. In Alaska, we found that males were responsible for the majority of food delivery whereas the sexes contributed equally to provisioning in California. Higher male provisioning in Alaska appeared to facilitate a higher proportion of time females spent brooding the nestlings. Surprisingly, differences in brooding between populations could not be explained by variation in ambient temperature, which was similar between populations during the nestling period. While these results represent a single population contrast, they suggest additional hypotheses for the ecological correlates and evolutionary drivers of geographic variation in brooding behavior, and the factors that shape the contributions of each sex. C1 [Yoon, Jongmin; Sofaer, Helen R.; Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yoon, Jongmin] Korea Natl Univ Educ, Ecol Inst Oriental Stork, Cheongju, South Korea. [Sofaer, Helen R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, HRS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Yoon, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Yoon, J (reprint author), Korea Natl Univ Educ, Ecol Inst Oriental Stork, Cheongju, South Korea. EM migrate2u@gmail.com FU Nature Conservancy; Smithsonian Inst.; Colorado State Univ. FX This study was funded by The Nature Conservancy, the Smithsonian Inst., and Colorado State Univ. The Catalina Island Conservancy (CIC) generously provided affordable housing and vehicles. Frank Starkey and Carlos de la Rosa of the CIC provided logistical support, and many people helped with the fieldwork, especially Luke Caldwell, Brent Horton, Kathryn Langin, and Hannah Montag. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The present study involved marking individual warblers, mapping their territory boundaries, and video recording of breeding males and females at the nest. All research was conducted under ASAB/ABS guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Colorado State Univ. (08-342A-01) and the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park (04-26, 07-24). NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 2 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1111/jav.00890 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM6NY UT WOS:000395430600004 ER PT J AU Austin, JE O'Neil, ST Warren, JM AF Austin, Jane E. O'Neil, Shawn T. Warren, Jeffrey M. TI Habitat selection by postbreeding female diving ducks: influence of habitat attributes and conspecifics SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; LESSER SCAUP; SOCIAL INFORMATION; WING MOLT; BODY CONDITION; GROUP-SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; VIGILANCE; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY AB Habitat selection studies of postbreeding waterfowl have rarely focused on within-wetland attributes such as water depth, escape cover, and food availability. Flightless waterfowl must balance habitat selection between avoiding predation risks and feeding. Reproductively successful female ducks face the greatest challenges because they begin the definitive prebasic molt at or near the end of brood rearing, when their body condition is at a low point. We assessed the relative importance of habitat attributes and group effects in habitat selection by postbreeding female lesser scaup Aythya affinis on a 2332-ha montane wetland complex during the peak flightless period (August) over seven years. Hypothesis-based habitat attributes included percent open water, open water:emergent edge density, water depth, percent flooded bare substrate, fetch (distance wind can travel unobstructed), group size, and several interactions representing functional responses to interannual variation in water levels. Surveys of uniquely marked females were conducted within randomly ordered survey blocks. We fitted two-part generalized linear mixed-effects models to counts of marked females within survey blocks, which allowed us to relate habitat attributes to relative probability of occurrence and, given the presence of a marked female, abundance of marked individuals. Postbreeding female scaup selected areas with water depths > 40 cm, large open areas, and intermediate edge densities but showed no relation to flooded bare substrate, suggesting their habitat preferences were more influenced by avoiding predation risks and disturbances than in meeting foraging needs. Grouping behavior by postbreeding scaup suggests habitat selection is influenced in part by behavioral components and/or social information, conferring energetic and survival benefits (predation and disturbance risks) but potentially also contributing to competition for food resources. This study demonstrates the importance of incorporating group effects and interannual variability in habitat conditions when investigating habitat selection, particularly for seasons when waterfowl are aggregated. C1 [Austin, Jane E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. [O'Neil, Shawn T.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM jaustin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Michigan Technological Univ FX Funding for this research was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey. Analysis was supported in part by Michigan Technological Univ. We thank the staff of Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge and the many technicians and students who worked on this study - S. Bard, C. Bryant, K. Cutting, W. Goldenberg, A. Hassan, J. Karagicheva, A. Lawson, D. Messmer, K. Pokley, and A. Stetter. T. L. McDonald provided helpful responses to our inquiries and constructive comments on earlier drafts. W. Hohman provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. Capture, handling, and marking procedures were approved by Montana State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol no. 05-07) and appropriate federal (master banding permit no. 06226) and state (scientific collectors permit no. 2007-006) permits. All activities were performed in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (Public Law 99-198 and 9 CFR Parts 1, 2, and 3) and consistent with guidelines provided by the American Ornithologists' Union. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 2 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1111/jav.01063 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM6NY UT WOS:000395430600012 ER PT J AU Buchinger, TJ Li, K Huertas, M Baker, CF Jia, L Hayes, MC Li, WM Johnson, NS AF Buchinger, Tyler J. Li, Ke Huertas, Mar Baker, Cindy F. Jia, Liang Hayes, Michael C. Li, Weiming Johnson, Nicholas S. TI Evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues in lampreys SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Petromyzontiformes; Species specificity; Chemical communication; Complex signals; Pheromone ID MALE SEA LAMPREY; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; PETROMYZON-MARINUS L.; MATE-CHOICE; BILE-ACIDS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; SPERM CHEMOTAXIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PHEROMONE; COMMUNICATION AB Animals rely on a mosaic of complex information to find and evaluate mates. Pheromones, often consisting of multiple components, are considered to be particularly important for species-recognition in many species. Although the evolution of species-specific pheromone blends is well described in many insects, very few vertebrate pheromones have been studied in a macro-evolutionary context. Here, we report a phylogenetic comparison of multi-component male odours that guide reproduction in lampreys. Chemical profiling of sexually mature males from eleven species of lamprey, representing six of ten genera and two of three families, indicated that the chemical profiles of sexually mature male odours are partially shared among species. Behavioural assays conducted with four species sympatric in the Laurentian Great Lakes indicated asymmetric female responses to heterospecific odours, where Petromyzon marinus were attracted to male odour collected from all species tested, but other species generally preferred only the odour of conspecifics. Electro-olfactogram recordings from P. marinus indicated that although P. marinus exhibited behavioural responses to odours from males of all species, at least some of the compounds that elicited olfactory responses were different in conspecific male odours compared with heterospecific male odours. We conclude that some of the compounds released by sexually mature males are shared among species and elicit olfactory and behavioural responses in P. marinus, and suggest that our results provide evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues among lampreys. Further characterization of the chemical identities of odour components is needed to confirm shared pheromones among species. C1 [Buchinger, Tyler J.; Li, Ke; Huertas, Mar; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Baker, Cindy F.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, POB 11-115, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand. [Jia, Liang] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries & Life Sci, Key Lab Aquacultural Resources & Utilizat, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Hayes, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov OI Johnson, Nicholas/0000-0002-7419-6013 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment [CO1X1002]; Shanghai Ocean University [A1-0209-13-0805]; Michigan State University Joint Research Centre Program [A1-0209-13-0805] FX Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment (contract CO1X1002), and Shanghai Ocean University and Michigan State University Joint Research Centre Program (A1-0209-13-0805). NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 220 IS 3 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1242/jeb.149807 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EK7IU UT WOS:000394100300027 PM 27885042 ER PT J AU Watts, DE Newsome, SD AF Watts, Dominique E. Newsome, Seth D. TI Exploitation of marine resources by wolves in southwestern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; diet; marine resources; stable isotopes; vibrissae; wolves ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON CARCASSES; WOLF-UNGULATE SYSTEMS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; CANIS-LUPUS; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; APPARENT COMPETITION; FORAGING STRATEGIES AB Predation by large carnivores is a dominant factor shaping wildlife communities and an understanding of local foraging strategies of predators is central to the management of wildlife populations. Information on local foraging strategies is particularly important where carnivores might exploit alternate resources that could influence predator-prey interactions, carnivore population dynamics, and a variety of interactions at lower trophic levels. We used carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) values in serially sampled wolf (Canis lupus) vibrissae to quantify relative resource use and dietary variation among wolves (n = 115) from 4 areas in southwestern Alaska that differed in the availability of terrestrial and marine resources. Mean vibrissae isotope values varied by similar to 8% for delta C-13 and similar to 12% for delta N-15 and showed high levels of spatial, seasonal, and individual variation. While results showed that ungulates were the principal prey for wolves in all 4 areas, wolves also exploited a variety of alternate marine resources that represented an important component of wolf diets in some areas. Estimated dietary contributions from marine resources ranged from 28% to 56% among areas and use of these resources varied both spatially and seasonally. Dietary variation and use of marine resources increased from northeast to southwest along the Alaska Peninsula with increasing access to coastal areas and decreasing ungulate abundance. Seasonal shifts in resource use were also evident with dietary variation being highest during summer and fall when wolves consumed more alternate resources than during winter. Our findings suggest that use of marine resources and local variation in foraging strategies of wolves might, through a variety of pathways, have broad implications for the management of wolf-ungulate communities in southwestern Alaska. C1 [Watts, Dominique E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuges, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall,MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Watts, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuges, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. EM dom_watts@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX We thank K. Blomberg, D. Boro, R. C. Jones, and E. Elliott Smith for their assistance with lab work; D. Cox and J. Wittkop for their assistance with field work; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for their logistical and financial support. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw153 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EP2SC UT WOS:000397232500008 ER PT J AU Roffler, GH Adams, LG Hebblewhite, M AF Roffler, Gretchen H. Adams, Layne G. Hebblewhite, Mark TI Summer habitat selection by Dall's sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine ungulate; Dall's sheep; habitat selection; Ovis; reproductive status; resource selection function; sexual segregation ID PREDATION-RISK-FACTORS; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; RESOURCE SELECTION; BIGHORN SHEEP; OVIS-DALLI; POPULATION-DENSITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ALPINE UNGULATE; TAILED DEER; SOAY SHEEP AB Sexual segregation occurs frequently in sexually dimorphic species, and it may be influenced by differential habitat requirements between sexes or by social or evolutionary mechanisms that maintain separation of sexes regardless of habitat selection. Understanding the degree of sex-specific habitat specialization is important for management of wildlife populations and the design of monitoring and research programs. Using mid-summer aerial survey data for Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in southern Alaska during 1983-2011, we assessed differences in summer habitat selection by sex and reproductive status at the landscape scale in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST). Males and females were highly segregated socially, as were females with and without young. Resource selection function (RSF) models containing rugged terrain, intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and open landcover types best explained resource selection by each sex, female reproductive classes, and all sheep combined. For male and all female models, most coefficients were similar, suggesting little difference in summer habitat selection between sexes at the landscape scale. A combined RSF model therefore may be used to predict the relative probability of resource selection by Dall's sheep in WRST regardless of sex or reproductive status. C1 [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Conservat, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Roffler, Gretchen H.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. RP Roffler, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Roffler, GH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Conservat, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; Roffler, GH (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. EM gretchen.roffler@alaska.gov FU United States Geological Survey; National Park Service; University of Montana FX This work was supported by funding from the United States Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the University of Montana. The National Park Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Conservation Division provided survey data and valuable insights. We especially thank J. Lawler, J. Putera, R. Schwanke, and M. Terwilliger. D. Gregovich, D. Gustine, J. Pearce, C. Bonenfant, and K. White provided constructive criticism of previous drafts of this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw135 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EP2SC UT WOS:000397232500011 ER PT J AU Hegermiller, CA Antolinez, JAA Rueda, A Camus, P Perez, J Erikson, LH Barnard, PL Mendez, FJ AF Hegermiller, C. A. Antolinez, J. A. A. Rueda, A. Camus, P. Perez, J. Erikson, L. H. Barnard, P. L. Mendez, F. J. TI A Multimodal Wave Spectrum-Based Approach for Statistical Downscaling of Local Wave Climate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; PROJECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; SCENARIOS; PATTERNS; EMULATOR; SWELL; MODEL AB Characterization of wave climate by bulk wave parameters is insufficient for many coastal studies, including those focused on assessing coastal hazards and long-term wave climate influences on coastal evolution. This issue is particularly relevant for studies using statistical downscaling of atmospheric fields to local wave conditions, which are often multimodal in large ocean basins (e.g., Pacific Ocean). Swell may be generated in vastly different wave generation regions, yielding complex wave spectra that are inadequately represented by a single set of bulk wave parameters. Furthermore, the relationship between atmospheric systems and local wave conditions is complicated by variations in arrival time of wave groups from different parts of the basin. Here, this study addresses these two challenges by improving upon the spatiotemporal definition of the atmospheric predictor used in the statistical downscaling of local wave climate. The improved methodology separates the local wave spectrum into ``wave families,'' defined by spectral peaks and discrete generation regions, and relates atmospheric conditions in distant regions of the ocean basin to local wave conditions by incorporating travel times computed from effective energy flux across the ocean basin. When applied to locations with multimodal wave spectra, including Southern California and Trujillo, Peru, the new methodology improves the ability of the statistical model to project significant wave height, peak period, and direction for each wave family, retaining more information from the full wave spectrum. This work is the base of statistical downscaling by weather types, which has recently been applied to coastal flooding and morphodynamic applications. C1 [Hegermiller, C. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hegermiller, C. A.; Erikson, L. H.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Antolinez, J. A. A.; Rueda, A.; Mendez, F. J.] Univ Cantabria, Dept Ciencias & Tecn Agua & Medio Ambiente, Santander, Spain. [Camus, P.; Perez, J.] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. RP Hegermiller, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Hegermiller, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM chegermiller@usgs.gov OI Perez, Jorge/0000-0003-3875-3748 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G15AC00426]; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [BIA2014-59643-R, BIA2015-70644-R]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship [BOE-A-2013-12235]; U.S. DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [RC-2644] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Grant/Cooperative Agreement G15AC00426. AR, JAAA, and FJM were supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad Grant BIA2014-59643-R. PC was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad Grant BIA2015-70644-R. JAAA was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship BOE-A-2013-12235. Support was provided from the U.S. DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project RC-2644) through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). CFSR atmospheric data are available online (at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/climate-forecastsystem-re analysis-cfsr). Reanalyses of ocean data are available for research purposes through IH Cantabria (contact ihdata@ihcantabria.com). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 47 IS 2 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0191.1 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EL3FP UT WOS:000394505300007 ER PT J AU Phelan, J Cuffney, T Patterson, L Eddy, M Dykes, R Pearsall, S Goudreau, C Mead, J Tarver, F AF Phelan, Jennifer Cuffney, Tom Patterson, Lauren Eddy, Michele Dykes, Robert Pearsall, Sam Goudreau, Chris Mead, Jim Tarver, Fred TI Fish and Invertebrate Flow-Biology Relationships to Support the Determination of Ecological Flows for North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE flow-biology; relationships; ecological flows; fish; invertebrates; watershed management; aquatic ecology ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; WATER WITHDRAWALS; ASSEMBLAGES; REGIMES; STREAM; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; FRAMEWORK AB A method was developed to characterize fish and invertebrate responses to flow alteration in the state of North Carolina. This method involved using 80th percentile linear quantile regressions to relate six flow metrics to the diversity of riffle-run fish and benthic Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness. All twelve flow-biology relationships were found to be significant, with both benthos and fish showing negative responses to ecodeficits and reductions in flow. The responses of benthic richness to reduced flows were consistent and generally greater than that of fish diversity. However, the riffle-run fish guild showed the greatest reductions in diversity in response to summer ecodeficits. The directional consistency and differential seasonal sensitivities of fish and invertebrates to reductions in flow highlight the need to consider seasonality when managing flows. In addition, all relationships were linear, and therefore do not provide clear thresholds to support ecological flow determinations and flow prescriptions to prevent the degradation of fish and invertebrate communities in North Carolina rivers and streams. A method of setting ecological flows based on the magnitude of change in biological condition that is acceptable to society is explored. C1 [Phelan, Jennifer; Eddy, Michele; Dykes, Robert] RTI Int, Water & Ecosystem Management Ctr, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cuffney, Tom] US Geol Survey, South Atlant Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Patterson, Lauren] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Water Policy Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pearsall, Sam] Environm Def Fund, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Goudreau, Chris] NC Wildlife Resources Commiss, Marion, NC 28752 USA. [Mead, Jim; Tarver, Fred] NC Dept Environm Qual, Div Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Phelan, J (reprint author), RTI Int, Water & Ecosystem Management Ctr, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jenphelan@rti.org NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12497 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EL7CP UT WOS:000394779000004 ER PT J AU Groff, LA Loftin, CS Calhoun, AJK AF Groff, Luke A. Loftin, Cynthia S. Calhoun, Aram J. K. TI Predictors of breeding site occupancy by amphibians in montane landscapes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma maculatum; buffer; habitat; Lithobates sylvaticus; Maine; mountain; spotted salamander; wood frog ID FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; SPATIAL SCALE; WOOD FROGS; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS AB Ecological relationships and processes vary across species' geographic distributions, life stages and spatial, and temporal scales. Montane landscapes are characterized by low wetland densities, rugged topographies, and cold climates. Consequently, aquatic-dependent and low-vagility ectothermic species (e.g., pool-breeding amphibians) may exhibit unique ecological associations in montane landscapes. We evaluated the relative importance of breeding- and landscape-scale features associated with spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) wetland occupancy in Maine's Upper Montane-Alpine Zone ecoregion, and we determined whether models performed better when the inclusive landscape-scale covariates were estimated with topography-weighted or circular buffers. We surveyed 135 potential breeding sites during May 2013-June 2014 and evaluated environmental relationships with multi-season implicit dynamics occupancy models. Breeding site occupancy by both species was influenced solely by breeding-scale habitat features. Spotted salamander occupancy probabilities increased with previous or current beaver (Castor canadensis) presence, and models generally were better supported when the inclusive landscape-scale covariates were estimated with topography-weighted rather than circular buffers. Wood frog occupancy probabilities increased with site area and percent shallows, but neither buffer type was better supported than the other. Model rank order and support varied between buffer types, but model inferences did not. Our results suggest pool-breeding amphibian conservation in montane Maine include measures to maintain beaver populations and large wetlands with proportionally large areas of shallows 1-m deep. Inconsistencies between our study and previous studies substantiate the value of region-specific research for augmenting species' conservation management plans and suggest the application of out-of-region inferences may promote ineffective conservation. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. Pool-breeding amphibian conservation in montane Maine may benefit from the maintenance of beaver populations and large wetlands with proportionally large areas of shallows 1m deep. C1 [Groff, Luke A.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Groff, LA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM lukegroff@gmail.com FU Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative; National Science Foundation [EPS-0904155]; U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology at the University of Maine FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. We thank B. R. Hossack for analytical advice and L. J. Hecker, J. R. Armstrong, and T. P. Hastings for assisting with fieldwork. The manuscript was improved with reviews by Z. G. Loman, B. R. Hossack, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative, supported by National Science Foundation award EPS-0904155 to the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research at the University of Maine; the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology at the University of Maine. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station publication no. 3503. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 81 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21184 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EL4NA UT WOS:000394596700009 ER PT J AU Collins, GH Kasbohm, JW AF Collins, Gail H. Kasbohm, John W. TI Population dynamics and fertility control of feral horses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Equus caballus; feral horse; fertility control; foaling; ovariectomy; population dynamics; vasectomy ID FREE-ROAMING HORSES; GREAT-BASIN; EQUUS-CABALLUS; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; WILDLIFE; RATES; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; GUIDELINES; RESPONSES AB The management of free-roaming, feral horse (Equus caballus) populations in the western United States is a contentious and challenging issue. Between 2008 and 2014, 1,873 individual horses from a closed population in the northern Great Basin, USA were captured, uniquely marked, and were either removed for private adoption or had permanent fertility control treatments (i.e., vasectomy or ovariectomy) applied prior to release. We derived the annual population size, growth rate, and the number of horses by sex and age by using the horse's estimated age at first capture to infer its age during each year it was part of the population. Estimates of population size from 2 aerial survey techniques averaged within 5.3%-9.6% of derived population estimates. The overall survival (i.e., recapture) rate for individual horses was 88% for individuals released back into the population between 2009 and 2012. Treated horses maintained group associations and there were no differences between survival rates for released females or males that received fertility control treatment, compared to animals released without treatment. The application of combined fertility control efforts resulted in a decline in the population-level annual foaling rate from >20% to <4% within 4 years. Maintaining a proportion of a population as permanently non-reproducing has the potential to safely maintain free-roaming horse herds at desired management levels. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. We evaluated the effectiveness of 2 permanent sterilization techniques used to control population growth in feral horses. These fertility control efforts resulted in a decline in the population-level foaling rate and demonstrated that maintaining a proportion of a population as permanently non-reproducing has the potential to safely maintain free-roaming horse herds at desired management levels. C1 [Collins, Gail H.; Kasbohm, John W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Collins, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. EM gail_collins@fws.gov FU Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Greater Hart-Sheldon Conservation Fund; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Bureau of Land Management provided support for a portion of the aerial surveys. Cattoor's Livestock Roundup provided helicopter gather and transportation services. JL Aviation, Owyhee Air Research, El Aero Services, and Sunstone Aviation provided aerial survey services. Aerial surveys were assisted by J. D. Axtell, B. H. Day, J. Fox, P. C. Griffin, R. Knox, S. P. Ludwig, K. Lopez, C. O'Connor, J. Parsons, J. W. Price, S. Soletti, S. Surian, and A. Whitman. L. G. Pielstick provided veterinary services and J. M. Weikel provided program review and animal welfare oversight. We thank B. H. Day, P. F. Steblein, D. F. Miller, S. P. Ludwig, R. L. West, G. Albertson, A. P. Collins, G. Eckel, J. Elizararras, K. Lopez, J. NMN. Mackay, J. Megan, M. Nagel, R. Portwood, M. Solus, K. A. Trust, M. R. Webster, J. Wehrley, and numerous others for invaluable project support. Additional support was provided by Nevada Bighorns Unlimited and The Greater Hart-Sheldon Conservation Fund. A. B. Shepherd provided information on the Bureau of Land Management's Wild Horse and Burro Program. Comments by P. C. Griffin and A. B. Shepherd improved early drafts of the manuscript. We appreciate the critical insights of the editors and reviewers. This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 81 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21196 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EL4NA UT WOS:000394596700011 ER PT J AU Jones, CD Stodola, KW Coombs, J Ward, MP Cooper, RJ AF Jones, Clark D. Stodola, Kirk W. Coombs, Jason Ward, Michael P. Cooper, Robert J. TI Responses of Bachman's sparrows and prairie warblers to fragmentation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bachman's sparrow; fragmentation; landscape permeability; longleaf pine; Peucaea aestivalis; pine savanna; prairie warbler; Setophaga discolor; translocation experiment ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLOCATIONS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; BIRD COMMUNITIES; URBAN LANDSCAPE; STEPPING-STONES; HOME-RANGE; LAND-USE; CONSEQUENCES AB Fragmentation of a species' habitat and the loss of habitat-patch connectivity have been a major factor in the decline of many species. Increased risks (e.g., predation, parasitism) that threaten population persistence are associated with the loss and fragmentation of large blocks of contiguous habitat for a species. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern United States have experienced high rates of fragmentation and loss of connectivity. Consequently, they are home to many federally endangered and declining species across a wide variety of taxa. We examined the effects of fragmentation of pine savannas in southern Georgia for Bachman's sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis) and prairie warblers (Setophaga discolor) using translocation experiments and radio-telemetry (Bachman's sparrows only). Bachman's sparrows, a pine savanna specialist, showed lower probability of return within 48hours when confronted with pine savannas fragmented by open fields, whereas prairie warblers were less sensitive to this type of landscape. Results from radio-telemetry indicated that Bachman's sparrows avoided open agricultural fields on their return paths and primarily used pine savanna edges instead. Efforts to reduce fragmentation of existing pine savannas in the Southeast will likely benefit vegetation specialists such as Bachman's sparrow but be of lesser benefit to vegetation generalists such as prairie warbler. (c) 2017 The Wildlife Society. We examined the effects of fragmentation of pine savannas in southern Georgia on movements of Bachman's sparrows and prairie warblers using translocation experiments and radio-telemetry. Bachman's sparrows were more sensitive to the effects of fragmentation than prairie warblers and we emphasize the importance of incorporating proximity to existing pine patches into restoration strategies for pine savannas in the southeastern United States. C1 [Jones, Clark D.; Coombs, Jason; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stodola, Kirk W.; Ward, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61810 USA. [Jones, Clark D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 45825 State Highway 96 E, Pueblo, CO 81006 USA. RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Jones, CD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 45825 State Highway 96 E, Pueblo, CO 81006 USA. EM jones.clark.d@gmail.com FU Georgia Ornithological Society FX Fort Benning land management staff provided logistical support throughout this project, especially B. Widener. We also thank the technicians and volunteers who assisted with this project including L. Loke, D. Shaw, and A. J. Lehmicke. We thank the Georgia Ornithological Society for funding this project. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 81 IS 2 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21195 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EL4NA UT WOS:000394596700017 ER PT J AU Edwards, KJ Fyfe, RM Jackson, ST AF Edwards, Kevin J. Fyfe, Ralph M. Jackson, Stephen T. TI The first 100 years of pollen analysis SO NATURE PLANTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST COMPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; VEGETATION; QUATERNARY; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; CONSERVATION; RECORDS; EUROPE C1 [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geog & Environm, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland. [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Archaeol, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland. [Fyfe, Ralph M.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Edwards, KJ (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geog & Environm, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland.; Edwards, KJ (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Archaeol, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland. EM kevin.edwards@abdn.ac.uk; ralph.fyfe@plymouth.ac.uk; stjackson@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 J9 NAT PLANTS JI Nat. Plants PD FEB PY 2017 VL 3 IS 2 AR 17001 DI 10.1038/nplants.2017.1 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EN3HV UT WOS:000395900500010 ER PT J AU Alpert, AE Cohen, AL Oppo, DW DeCarlo, TM Gaetani, GA Hernandez-Delgado, EA Winter, A Gonneea, ME AF Alpert, Alice E. Cohen, Anne L. Oppo, Delia W. DeCarlo, Thomas M. Gaetani, Glenn A. Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A. Winter, Amos Gonneea, Meagan E. TI Twentieth century warming of the tropical Atlantic captured by Sr-U paleothermometry SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OTOLITH REFERENCE MATERIAL; TRACE-ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; PORITES CORALS; SR/CA RECORDS; ICP-MS; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; CALCIUM RATIOS AB Coral skeletons are valuable archives of past ocean conditions. However, interpretation of coral paleotemperature records is confounded by uncertainties associated with single-element ratio thermometers, including Sr/Ca. A new approach, Sr-U, uses U/Ca to constrain the influence of Rayleigh fractionation on Sr/Ca. Here we build on the initial Pacific Porites Sr-U calibration to include multiple Atlantic and Pacific coral genera from multiple coral reef locations spanning a temperature range of 23.15-30.12 degrees C. Accounting for the wintertime growth cessation of one Bermuda coral, we show that Sr-U is strongly correlated with the average water temperature at each location (r(2) = 0.91, P < 0.001, n = 19). We applied the multispecies spatial calibration between Sr-U and temperature to reconstruct a 96 year long temperature record at Mona Island, Puerto Rico, using a coral not included in the calibration. Average Sr-U derived temperature for the period 1900-1996 is within 0.12 degrees C of the average instrumental temperature at this site and captures the twentieth century warming trend of 0.06 degrees C per decade. Sr-U also captures the timing of multiyear variability but with higher amplitude than implied by the instrumental data. Mean Sr-U temperatures and patterns of multiyear variability were replicated in a second coral in the same grid box. Conversely, Sr/Ca records from the same two corals were inconsistent with each other and failed to capture absolute sea temperatures, timing of multiyear variability, or the twentieth century warming trend. Our results suggest that coral Sr-U paleothermometry is a promising new tool for reconstruction of past ocean temperatures. C1 [Alpert, Alice E.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.] MIT Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.; Gaetani, Glenn A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Appl Trop Ecol & Conservat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Soc Ambiente Marino, San Juan, PR USA. [Winter, Amos] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Winter, Amos] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Gonneea, Meagan E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Alpert, AE (reprint author), MIT Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog, Cambridge, MA USA.; Cohen, AL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aalpert@whoi.edu; acohen@whoi.edu OI Gaetani, Glenn/0000-0002-6026-2534 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowships [NSF-OCE-1338320, NSF-OCE-1031971, NSF-OCE-0926986] FX We owe much gratitude to George (Pat) Lohmann (WHOI) for his leadership on our Caribbean field operations, Kathryn Pietro (WHOI) for field and laboratory assistance, and Gretchen Swarr (WHOI) for long hours spent assisting on the ICPMS. The entire crew of Seadragon and Emily Penn and Ron Ritter of Pangaea Exploration was critical to our successful Caribbean cruise. Alex E. Mercado-Molina (UPR, SAM), Samuel E. Suleiman-Ramos (UPR, SAM), Pedro J. Alejandro Camis (SAM), and Alfredo Montanez (SAM) and the entire crew of Tourmarine provided critical support in collecting the Mona coral and deploying and recovering temperature loggers at Mona Island. Ann Tarrant (WHOI) and Richard Camilli (WHOI) collected corals in Panama and Roy Armstrong (UPR) provided the Mayaguez Bay coral. Jesus Pineda (WHOI) inspired the Panama cruise and provided temperature logger data from his field sites there. Mark Vermeij of Carmabi, Curacao, graciously assisted our Curacao field plans and permitting and provided temperature logger data from this site. We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their dedication to the protection of corals, for their continued support in our efforts to collect our coral samples lawfully and with the utmost care, and for their assistance with the coral import and permitting process. This study was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowships to A.A and T.M.D., NSF-OCE-1338320 to G.A.G and A.L.C., NSF-OCE-1031971 to A.L.C., NSF-OCE-0926986 to A.L.C and D.W.O., WHOI Access to the Sea 27500056, NSF HRD 0734826, and UPR Central Administration to EAHD through the Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation of UPR. The authors declare no competing financial interest. All coral geochemical and growth data are archived at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in the article are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 DI 10.1002/2016PA002976 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA EO6WG UT WOS:000396832600005 ER PT J AU Wiggers, MS Hiers, JK Barnett, A Boyd, RS Kirkman, LK AF Wiggers, M. Scott Hiers, J. Kevin Barnett, Analie Boyd, Robert S. Kirkman, L. Katherine TI Seed heat tolerance and germination of six legume species native to a fire-prone longleaf pine forest SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fabaceae; Hard seed coat; Heat-stimulated germination; Longleaf pine ecosystem; Seed dormancy; Seed survival ID HARDWOOD REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; FINE-SCALE VARIATION; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; PALUSTRIS ECOSYSTEMS; POSTFIRE GERMINATION; VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; SOIL; PATTERNS; SAVANNA; VEGETATION AB Recognition of spatial heterogeneity of fire at fine scales is emerging, particularly in ecosystems characterized by frequent, low-intensity fire regimes. Differences in heat flux associated with variation in fuel and moisture conditions create microsites that affect survivorship and establishment of species. We studied the mechanisms by which fire affects seed germination using exposure of seeds to fire surrogates (moist and dry heat). Tolerance (survival) and germination responses of six perennial, herbaceous legume species common to the fire-prone longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem of the southeastern USA were examined the following heat treatments. Moist heat was more effective in stimulating germination than dry heat flux for most species examined. We also compared intrinsic seed properties (relative seed coat hardness, percent moisture, and seed mass) among species relative to their heat tolerance and heat-stimulated germination responses. Seed coat hardness was closely associated with the probability of dry and moist heat-stimulated germination. Variation among species in optimal germination conditions and degree of heat tolerance likely reflects selection for specific microsites among a potentially diverse suite of conditions associated with a low-intensity fire regime. Fire-stimulated germination, coupled with characteristics of seed dormancy and longevity in the soil, likely fosters favorable recruitment opportunities in restoration situations aimed at reintroducing a frequently prescribed burn regime to a relict longleaf pine site. In a restoration context in which externally available seed pool inputs are limited, this regenerative mechanism may provide a significant source of recruitment for vegetative recovery in a post-fire landscape. C1 [Wiggers, M. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mississippi Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Barnett, Analie] Nature Conservancy, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Boyd, Robert S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kirkman, L. Katherine] JW Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. RP Wiggers, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mississippi Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. EM marion_wiggers@fws.gov FU Auburn University's Department of Biological Sciences; J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center FX We thank the staff and students of Auburn University and Ichauway for advice, technical expertise, and data collection assistance, including D. Gjerstad, L. Cox, L. Camfield, J. McGee, and J. Stern, S. Stuber. M. Kaeser and L. Giencke provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable insight and comments on this and an earlier draft manuscript. Auburn University's Department of Biological Sciences and J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center provided funding and logistical assistance throughout the project. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 218 IS 2 BP 151 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s11258-016-0674-x PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA EL9XL UT WOS:000394973300006 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Farnsworth, KL AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Farnsworth, Katherine L. TI Coastal river plumes: Collisions and coalescence SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE River plume; Buoyant plume; Plume collision; Geophysical scaling ID LONG-TERM CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STORMWATER RUNOFF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GRAVITY CURRENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; OCEAN; BUOYANT; SEDIMENT AB Plumes of buoyant river water spread in the ocean from river mouths, and these plumes influence water quality, sediment dispersal, primary productivity, and circulation along the world's coasts. Most investigations of river plumes have focused on large rivers in a coastal region, for which the physical spreading of the plume is assumed to be independent from the influence of other buoyant plumes. Here we provide new understanding of the spreading patterns of multiple plumes interacting along simplified coastal settings by investigating: (i) the relative likelihood of plume-to-plume interactions at different settings using geophysical scaling, (ii) the diversity of plume frontal collision types and the effects of these collisions on spreading patterns of plume waters using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and (iii) the fundamental differences in plume spreading patterns between coasts with single and multiple rivers using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Geophysical scaling suggests that coastal margins with numerous small rivers (watershed areas < 10,000 km(2)), such as found along most active geologic coastal margins, were much more likely to have river plumes that collide and interact than coastal settings with large rivers (watershed areas > 100,000 km(2)). When two plume fronts meet, several types of collision attributes were found, including refection, subduction and occlusion. We found that the relative differences in pre-collision plume densities and thicknesses strongly influenced the resulting collision types. The three-dimensional spreading of buoyant plumes was found to be influenced by the presence of additional rivers for all modeled scenarios, including those with and without Coriolis and wind. Combined, these results suggest that plume-to-plume interactions are common phenomena for coastal regions offshore of the world's smaller rivers and for coastal settings with multiple river mouths in close proximity, and that the spreading and fate of river waters in these settings will be strongly influenced by these interactions. We conclude that new investigations are needed to characterize how plumes interact offshore of river mouths to better understand the transport and fate of terrestrial sources of pollution, nutrients and other materials in the ocean. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Farnsworth, Katherine L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 151 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.11.008 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM9CX UT WOS:000395609900016 ER PT J AU Olea, RA AF Olea, Ricardo A. TI Resampling of spatially correlated data with preferential sampling for the estimation of frequency distributions and semivariograms SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Geostatistics; Population; Cluster; Declustering; Bias ID DECLUSTERING WEIGHTS; SOIL PROPERTIES; VARIOGRAMS; HISTOGRAM; INFERENCE AB Spatial data are commonly minimal and may have been collected in the process of confirming the profitability of a mining venture or investigating a contaminated site. In such situations, it is common to have measurements preferentially taken in the most critical areas (sweet spots, allegedly contaminated areas), thus conditionally biasing the sample. While preferential sampling makes good practical sense, its direct use leads to distorted sample moments and percentiles. Spatial clusters are a problem that has been identified in the past and solved with approaches ranging from ad hoc solutions to highly elaborate mathematical formulations, covering mostly the effect of clustering on the cumulative frequency distribution. The method proposed here is a form of resample, free of special assumptions, does not use weights to ponder the measurements, does not find solutions by successive approximation and provides variability in the results. The new method is illustrated with a synthetic dataset with an exponential semivariogram and purposely generated to follow a lognormal distribution. The lognormal distribution is both difficult to work with and typical of many attributes of practical interest. Testing of the new solution shows that sample subsets derived from resampled datasets can closely approximate the true probability distribution and the semivariogram, clearly outperforming the original preferentially sampled data. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s00477-016-1289-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA EM3ER UT WOS:000395197800015 ER PT J AU Bushon, RN Brady, AMG Christensen, ED Stelzer, EA AF Bushon, Rebecca N. Brady, Amie M. G. Christensen, Eric D. Stelzer, Erin A. TI Multi-Year Microbial Source Tracking Study Characterizing Fecal Contamination in an Urban Watershed SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; Bacteroides; E. coli; urban watershed; TMDL; stormwater runoff ID REAL-TIME PCR; STORMWATER RUNOFF; QUALITY; POLLUTION; INDICATORS; ASSAYS AB Microbiological and hydrological data were used to rank tributary stream contributions of bacteria to the Little Blue River in Independence, Missouri. Concentrations, loadings and yields of E. coli and microbial source tracking (MST) markers, were characterized during base flow and storm events in five subbasins within Independence, as well as sources entering and leaving the city through the river. The E. coli water quality threshold was exceeded in 29% of base-flow and 89% of storm-event samples. The total contribution of E. coli and MST markers from tributaries within Independence to the Little Blue River, regardless of streamflow, did not significantly increase the median concentrations leaving the city. Daily loads and yields of E. coli and MST markers were used to rank the subbasins according to their contribution of each constituent to the river. The ranking methodology used in this study may prove useful in prioritizing remediation in the different subbasins. C1 [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Brady, Amie M. G.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6460 Busch Blvd,Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Christensen, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, 401 NW Capital Dr, Lees Summit, MO 64086 USA. RP Bushon, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6460 Busch Blvd,Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM RNBushon@usgs.gov FU City of Independence, Missouri Water Pollution Control Department; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX This project was funded by the City of Independence, Missouri Water Pollution Control Department and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. The authors would like to acknowledge Dick Champion (Director) and Dorris Bender (retired Environmental Compliance Manager) from the City of Independence Water Pollution Control Department. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 89 IS 2 BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.2175/106143016X14798353399412 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EP3KI UT WOS:000397280800004 PM 28160781 ER PT J AU Simons, TR AF Simons, Theodore R. TI The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Working Group: 15 Years of Collaborative Focal Species Research and Management SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; demographic model; Haematopus palliatus; Working Group ID ABUNDANCE; MARYLAND AB The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Working Group formed spontaneously in 2001 as coastal waterbird biologists recognized the potential for American Oystercatchers to serve as focal species for collaborative research and management. Accomplishments over the past 15 years include the establishment of rangewide surveys, color-banding protocols, mark-resight studies, a revision of the Birds of North America species account, and new mechanisms for sharing ideas and data. Collaborations among State, Federal, and private sector scientists, natural resource managers, and dedicated volunteers have provided insights into the biology and conservation of American Oystercatchers in the United States and abroad that would not have been possible without the relationships formed through the Working Group. These accomplishments illustrate how broad collaborative approaches and the engagement of the public are key elements of effective shorebird conservation programs. C1 [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The American Oystercatcher Working Group is composed of over 30 institutions and organizations including Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program, City University of New York, Clemson University, College of William and Mary, Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Gulf Coast Bird Observatory, Louisiana Audubon, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Massachusetts Audubon, Massachusetts Division of Fish and Wildlife, National Audubon Society, National Park Service, New Jersey Audubon, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, New York City Audubon, New York City Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Audubon, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Rutgers University, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Texas A&M University, Texas State University, The Nature Conservancy, Trent University, University of Georgia, University of Houston, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the Wildlife Conservation Society. I also thank M. Bailey, R. Boettcher, J. Brush, E. Clark, R. De May, S. Egger, S. Elbin, S. Felton, S. Heath, N. Hostetter, E. Johnson, T. Keyes, D. LeBlanc, S. Melvin, C. Mostello, T. Pover, F. Sanders, S. Schulte, S. Schweitzer, S. Sinkevitch, S. Stanley, R. Valeton and A. Wilke for their individual contributions to this summary and symposium planning. Lindsay Addison, Amanda Anderson, Tim Keyes, Mark Spinks, Carissa Smith, Alex Wilke, Edie Ray, Neil Foley, and Jon Altman provided band resights in the United States and Orlando Jarquin, Martin Vallecillo, Luis Enrique Benitez Ordufia, Karla Rodriguez Lopez, John van Dort, Esdras Lopez Mejia, Roselvy Juarez, Rolland Denham, Chris Magero, Dane Paijmans, Colin Jackson, and Robert Lambeck provided resights in Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. I thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, especially Leo Miranda, Bryan Arroyo, and Scott Johnson, for funding to support the travel of international colleagues and publication of this Special Publication. Program R code for the projection matrix is available from the author. All bird trapping and banding activities are conducted under the guidelines and permission of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100001 ER PT J AU Stocking, JJ Simons, TR Parsons, AW O'Connell, AF AF Stocking, Jessica J. Simons, Theodore R. Parsons, Arielle W. O'Connell, Allan F., Jr. TI Managing Native Predators: Evidence from a Partial Removal of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; barrier island; daily nest survival; Haenzatopus palliatus; predator removal; Procyon lotor; raccoon; reproductive success ID OYSTERCATCHERS HAEMATOPUS-PALLIATUS; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BIRD POPULATIONS; ISLAND; CONSERVATION; BEHAVIOR; SEA AB Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are important predators of ground-nesting species in coastal systems. They have been identified as a primary cause of nest failure for the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) throughout its range. Concerns over the long-term effects of raccoon predation and increased nest success following a hurricane inspired a mark-resight study of the raccoon population on a barrier island off North Carolina, USA. Approximately half of the raccoons were experimentally removed in 2008. Nests (n = 700) were monitored on two adjacent barrier islands during 2004-2013. Daily nest survival estimates were highest for 2004 (0.974 +/- 0.005) and lowest for 2007 and 2008 (0.925 +/- 0.009 and 0.925 +/- 0.010, respectively). The only model in our candidate set that received any support included island and time of season, along with a diminishing effect of the hurricane and a constant, 5-year effect of the raccoon removal. For both hurricane and raccoon removal, however, the support for island-specific effects was weak beta = -0.20 +/- 40.116 and 0.146 +/- 0.349, respectively). We conclude that either the raccoon reduction was inadequate, or factors other than predation cause more variation in nest success than previously recognized. A multi-faceted approach to management aimed at reducing nest losses to storm overwash, predation, and human disturbance is likely to yield the largest population level benefits. C1 [Stocking, Jessica J.; Parsons, Arielle W.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stocking, JJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jessica.stocking@gmail.com FU Cape Lookout National Seashore; North Carolina Audubon; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina Audubon and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for logistic and funding support. Pamela Denmon and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on previous drafts of the manuscript. A. Lawrence, K. Caldwell, C. Coxen and K. Obernuefemann provided hours of field assistance. Permits for various phases of this research were provided by the North Carolina State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocols AVAU-07-012-0 and 15-016-0) and the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab (Permit 21928). All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Full model selection results are available upon request from the senior author. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100002 ER PT J AU Loring, PH Griffin, CR Sievert, PR Spiegel, CS AF Loring, Pamela H. Griffin, Curtice R. Sievert, Paul R. Spiegel, Caleb S. TI Comparing Satellite and Digital Radio Telemetry to Estimate Space and Habitat Use of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in Massachusetts, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; automated radio telemetry; breeding; digital VHF telemetry; Haematopus palliatus; home range; PIT; satellite telemetry ID HOME-RANGE; TRACKING; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; TECHNOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; STOPOVER; FLIGHTS; SYSTEM AB The use of digital VHF telemetry is expanding as a lightweight alternative to satellite-based technologies for tracking bird movements, though few studies have compared how they perform. During 2013, satellite telemetry and digital VHF telemetry were compared for estimating the length of stay and home ranges of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) on their breeding grounds in Massachusetts; USA. American Oystercatchers (n = 5) were captured at their nest sites and tagged with a 9.5-g solar-powered satellite transmitter and a 1.0-g digitally coded VHF transmitter, and tracked using the Argos satellite system, an array of eight automated radio telemetry stations, and periodic land-based and aerial telemetry surveys. Estimates of mean minimum length of stay in the study area were slightly longer for satellite telemetry at 118 +/- 12 days vs. digital VHF telemetry at 108 11 days. Size estimates of mean (SE) fixed kernel 95% utilization distributions were similar for satellite telemetry (22.53 +/- 16.87 km(2)) and VHF telemetry (27.27 +/- 21.58 km(2)). Despite a small sample size, digital VHF telemetry, when combined with automated radio telemetry stations and telemetry surveys, performed similarly to satellite telemetry for estimating timing and home range size of shorebirds on their breeding grounds. C1 [Loring, Pamela H.; Griffin, Curtice R.; Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Loring, Pamela H.; Spiegel, Caleb S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Loring, PH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.; Loring, PH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM ploring@eco.umass.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M13PG00012]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds, Northeast Region; National Science Foundation IGERT Offshore Wind Energy Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, through Interagency Agreement M13PG00012 with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. This work was also funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds, Northeast Region; and the National Science Foundation IGERT Offshore Wind Energy Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. We also thank the staff at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Nantucket Conservation Foundation, Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Nantucket Islands Land Bank, and UMass Boston Nantucket Field Station for providing field and logistical support. Cape Wind Avian Pre-Construction Monitoring Program provided supplemental aerial survey data. Shearwater Excursions and HyLine Cruises provided boat support. P. Taylor and J. Brzustowski of Acadia University and Stuart Mackenzie of Bird Studies Canada provided technical support and coordination with digital radio telemetry data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. American Oystercatchers were tagged under Federal Bird Banding Permit 23140 and Massachusetts State Scientific Collecting Permit 022.13BB. This research was conducted under the approval of the University of Massachusetts Amherst Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 2013-0024). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100003 ER PT J AU Murphy, SP Virzi, T Sanders, F AF Murphy, Sean P. Virzi, Thomas Sanders, Felicia TI Exploring Differences in Adult Survival and Site Fidelity of Migratory and Non-migratory American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Populations SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; Barker model; Haematopus palliatus; migratory connectivity; migratory strategies; partial migration; site fidelity; survival ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; PIPING PLOVERS; RECAPTURE; BIRDS; STRATEGIES; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; BENEFITS; BEHAVIOR AB The conservation of a species is reliant on identifying threats to critical vital rates such as survival and dispersal. Accurate estimates of these vital rates and the factors that affect them can be used to better manage populations. The USA Atlantic Coast population of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) benefits from a large-scale conservation effort, but this long-lived species remains especially sensitive to fluctuations in adult survival. The model used here and 8 years of mark-resight data from three breeding populations with varying migration strategies from the United States (migratory: Massachusetts and New Jersey; non-migratory: South Carolina) were used to estimate adult survival and site fidelity. Results indicated a resident population in South Carolina with 100% of the breeding population wintering in that State, a migratory population in Massachusetts with the majority of individuals wintering in Florida (42%), and a partially migratory population in New Jersey with a portion of the breeding population overwintering in that State (33%). Annual adult survival did not vary among populations. Although the average estimate of adult survival was high (0.89), there was an apparent decline in adult survival (from 0.94 to 0.83) over the study period. Given strong site fidelity (0.91), adult mortality is a critical factor for the viability of local populations. C1 [Murphy, Sean P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Virzi, Thomas] Ecostudies Inst, POB 735, East Olympia, WA 98540 USA. [Sanders, Felicia] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 220 Santee Gun Club Rd, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Murphy, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM smurphy@usgs.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; College of Staten Island; Tuckernuck Land Trust; Nantucket Conservation Foundation; Trustees of Reservations; Maria Mitchell Association; Massachusetts Audubon Society; Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge; Nuttall Ornithological Society; Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative FX We would like to thank all of the members of the American Oystercatcher Working Group for their support and coordination, especially Ted Simons for his leadership and mentoring. We would also like to thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for their contribution toward advancing American Oystercatcher conservation and for funding research efforts. Ted Simons and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. We thank all of the birders and citizen scientists who helped collect incidental band resighting data over the years, and we would like to acknowledge Pat and Doris Leary for all of their invaluable resighting efforts in Florida. In New Jersey, we thank Todd Foyer, Larry Niles, Julie Lockwood, Rick Lathrop, Jim Trimble, John Bognar and staff at the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife and Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge for all of their support. In South Carolina, we thank Mark Spinks, Janet Thibault, Sam Collins, Christy Hand, Mary-Catherine Martin, Nick Wallover and other South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, and Clemson University staff who assisted with banding and resighting. Thank you Patrick Jodice at South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson University for guiding graduate students working on oystercatchers. In Massachusetts, we thank Richard Veit for project development and mentoring; Edith Ray, Timothy White, Stephen Brown, and Shiloh Schulte for all of their support; and the College of Staten Island, Tuckernuck Land Trust, Nantucket Conservation Foundation, The Trustees of Reservations, Maria Mitchell Association, Massachusetts Audubon Society, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Nuttall Ornithological Society, and the Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative for financial support and assistance. Work was completed under the authorization of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory under Federal Master Permits #22795, #22803, and #06658, New Jersey permit SC-2012061, and IACUC protocols #CSI-13-006 and #2009-0002-00. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 32 EP 43 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100004 ER PT J AU Felton, SK Hostetter, NJ Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Felton, Shilo K. Hostetter, Nathan J. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI Managing American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Population Growth by Targeting Nesting Season Vital Rates SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; component vital rates; Haematopus palliatus; population viability; stage-based matrix model ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTH-CAROLINA; RESTORATION; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB In populations of long-lived species, adult survival typically has a relatively high influence on population growth. From a management perspective, however, adult survival can be difficult to increase in some instances, so other component rates must be considered to reverse population declines. In North Carolina, USA, management to conserve the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) targets component vital rates related to fecundity, specifically nest and chick survival. The effectiveness of such a management approach in North Carolina was assessed by creating a three-stage female-based deterministic matrix model. Isoclines were produced from the matrix model to evaluate minimum nest and chick survival rates necessary to reverse population decline, assuming all other vital rates remained stable at mean values. Assuming accurate vital rates, breeding populations within North Carolina appear to be declining. To reverse this decline, combined nest and chick survival would need to increase from 0.14 to >= 0.27, a rate that appears to be attainable based on historical estimates. Results are heavily dependent on assumptions of other vital rates, most notably adult survival, revealing the need for accurate estimates of all vital rates to inform management actions. This approach provides valuable insights for evaluating conservation goals for species of concern. C1 [Felton, Shilo K.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hostetter, Nathan J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Felton, SK (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM skfelton@ncsu.edu FU National Park Service, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina. We thank Cape Lookout National Seashore, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, and Audubon North Carolina for their annual contributions of North Carolina American Oystercatcher breeding productivity data. Many thanks to the graduated students of the Ted Simons lab for having compiled these data each year. Thank you also to our reviewers for providing valuable insights that greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 44 EP 54 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100005 ER PT J AU Wilke, AL Boettcher, R Duerr, A Denmon, P Truitt, BR Holcomb, K Watts, BD AF Wilke, Alexandra L. Boettcher, Ruth Duerr, Adam Denmon, Pamela Truitt, Barry R. Holcomb, Kevin Watts, Bryan D. TI Population Dynamics and Survival Rates of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in Virginia, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; demographics; emigration; Haematopus palliatus; immigration; mark recapture; population model; recruitment; survival ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; DISPERSAL AB Information on demographic parameters needed to inform conservation strategies for American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) is lacking. The population dynamics of American Oystercatchers in Virginia, USA, were examined using a multi-state analysis framework that modeled movement of American Oystercatchers into and out of the State. Change in breeding status, age-specific survival rates, and age at first breeding were investigated for three geographically distinct study sites. Non-breeding American Oystercatchers originating from Virginia readily moved in and out of the State among years. The immigration rate for birds breeding on barrier islands was 6%. Emigration rates were 6% for the barrier island breeding population and 17% for the seaside lagoon population. Stage-specific annual survival rates were 0.66, 0.95 and 0.91 for juvenile, sub-adult and adult stages, respectively. Age at first breeding peaked in the fourth year for both the barrier island and seaside lagoon breeding populations. Movement and recruitment rates suggested that the barrier islands may provide the highest quality breeding habitat among the three study sites. This study showed that Virginia's American Oystercatcher population is linked with other Atlantic Coast populations, and these links should be considered when evaluating local population trends and management targets. C1 [Wilke, Alexandra L.; Truitt, Barry R.] Nature Conservancy, POB 158, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. [Boettcher, Ruth] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, 12610 Jacobus Creek Rd, Machipongo, VA 23405 USA. [Duerr, Adam] West Univ Virginia, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Denmon, Pamela] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5003 Hallett Circle, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. [Holcomb, Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 62, Chincoteague Isl, VA 23336 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Wilke, AL (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 158, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. EM awilke@tnc.org FU Center for Conservation Biology; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Nature Conservancy; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; State Wildlife Grant programs from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USFWS Delaware Bay Estuary Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the Center for Conservation Biology, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The Nature Conservancy, the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration and State Wildlife Grant programs from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the USFWS Delaware Bay Estuary Program. We thank the many technicians, interns, and volunteers who conducted field work, especially E. Ayala, A. Daisey, N. Dewberry, A. Hackney, E. Savage, C. Smith and J. Tarwater. We also thank the community of researchers, managers and bird watchers who maintain and contribute to the online American Oystercatcher Band Database, especially L. Addison, T. Keyes, P. and D. Leary, T. Foyer, E Sanders, S. Schulte, T. Simons, and B. Winn. We thank two anonymous reviewers who provided invaluable comments on the first version of the manuscript. The capture and banding of American Oystercatchers in this study was conducted under BBL permit 21567 and followed protocols developed by the American Oystercatcher Working Group. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." This work is Scientific Article Number 3287 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100006 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, SH Addison, LM Cameron, SE AF Schweitzer, Sara H. Addison, Lindsay M. Cameron, Susan E. TI Abundance and Distribution of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) during the Breeding Season in North Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE abundance; American Oystercatcher; breeding; distribution; habitat; Haematopus palliatus; island; North Carolina ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB The Western Atlantic population of the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is of conservation concern, and much effort has been exerted to determine impacts of conservation efforts and identify important sites that need increased protection within the breeding range. Monitorihg numbers of nesting pairs and distribution and habitat selection of nesting pairs provides data for conservation programs. The breeding population of American Oystercatchers in North Carolina has been estimated four times since 2004. Locations of territories and nests were recorded and mapped, and sites were categorized according to habitat type (barrier, dredged-material, or natural sand-shell or marsh island) and management responsibility (Federal, State, Audubon North Carolina, private landowner). Estimates indicate the number of nesting pairs changed slightly: 324 in 2004, 346 in 2007, 373 in 2010, and 351 in 2013. Total numbers of individual American Oystercatchers during the breeding season changed from 703 in 2004 to 802 in 2013. Most nesting pairs (159.0 +/- 6.0 SE; P <= 0.001) are on barrier islands under Federal agency management, followed by nesting pairs on natural islands (117.0 +/- 7.2) and dredged material islands (69.5 +/- 6.3). C1 [Schweitzer, Sara H.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 106 Ferret Run Lane, New Bern, NC 28562 USA. [Addison, Lindsay M.] Audubon North Carolina, 7741 Market St,Unit D, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Cameron, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Schweitzer, SH (reprint author), North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 106 Ferret Run Lane, New Bern, NC 28562 USA. EM sara.schweitzer@ncwildlife.org FU North Carolina State Wildlife [T-20, W-57] FX Numerous partners contributed to these survey data and include J. Altman, J. Stocking, T. Borneman, B. Muizniek, W. Swilling, J. Wright, P. Doshkov, J. Fussell, P. Gillikin, D. Stewart, K. Fair, E. Rice, D. H. Allen, M. Costa, M. Grady, J. Savage, S. Maddock, J. Vitak, S. Kendrick, C. Tenbrink, K. Womble, P. Amico, W. Golder, T. McIver, M. Lyons, J. Cordes, S. Schulte, and A. Dwyer. M. E. Kornegay, A. G. Andersson, and M. L. Abraham contributed greatly to data management and mapping. Funding for this work was provided by North Carolina State Wildlife Grants T-20 and W-57. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Audubon North Carolina, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Marine Corps Camp Lejeune, North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserves, North Carolina State Parks, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wilmington District are partners of the North Carolina Waterbird Management Committee and contribute to conservation of coastal waterbirds. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. The manuscript was improved by reviews by T. R. Simons, P. Denmon, and an anonymous reviewer. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100008 ER PT J AU Addison, LM Cameron, SE Dwyer, AM Golder, W Maddock, S Schweitzer, SH AF Addison, Lindsay M. Cameron, Susan E. Dwyer, Angela M. Golder, Walker Maddock, Sidney Schweitzer, Sara H. TI Abundance, Distribution, and Geographic Origin of Non-breeding American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in North Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; distribution; disturbance; habitat selection; Haematopus palliatus; non-breeding; North Carolina; roost site; winter ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; ROOST-SITE; BAY; SHOREBIRDS; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; ISLAND AB American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) are present in North Carolina, USA, year-round. About 6-7% of the total Western Atlantic population winters in North Carolina. To estimate numbers of American Oystercatchers present during the non-breeding season, four major concentration areas were surveyed in North Carolina, each with multiple roost sites, from 2008-2013. Abundance of American Oystercatchers remained generally stable during the study period. The Lower Cape Fear River area had the greatest number of American Oystercatchers in all seasons. Mean peak abundance was greatest during winter at all concentration areas. Peak winter abundance was 158 at Ocracoke Inlet, 265 in Back Sound, 187 in Masonboro Sound, and 470 on the Lower Cape Fear River. Fall abundance was generally greater than spring abundance at all concentration areas except Masonboro Sound. Most banded individuals observed were marked in North Carolina as chicks or nesting adults, and they exhibited fidelity to concentration areas. About 15% of American Oystercatchers used wooden docks as roost sites; the rest used natural substrates and a man-made rock wall. At sites where roost habitat is a limiting factor, fabricated structures might be a useful substitute. Most roost sites receive no protection during the non-breeding season, and we observed sources of potential disturbance on 2.8-50.6% of surveys. Pedestrians and boats were the most common sources of potential disturbance. C1 [Addison, Lindsay M.; Golder, Walker; Maddock, Sidney] Audubon North Carolina, 7741 Market St Unit D, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Cameron, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Dwyer, Angela M.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Schweitzer, Sara H.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 106 Ferret Run Lane, New Bern, NC 28562 USA. [Maddock, Sidney] POB 1359, Buxton, NC 27290 USA. RP Addison, LM (reprint author), Audubon North Carolina, 7741 Market St Unit D, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. EM laddison@audubon.org FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Audubon North Carolina FX We wish to thank the following individuals who conducted surveys for this project Matthew Abraham, Katie Bullard, Nicole Loft, Maria Logan, Tam McIver, Adriane Michaelis, Emily Rice, Christianne Shinskie, and Katie Snipes. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This project was funded by a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and Audubon North Carolina. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100009 ER PT J AU Hoang, NH Kane, ME Radcliffe, EN Zettler, LW Richardson, LW AF Hoang, Nguyen H. Kane, Michael E. Radcliffe, Ellen N. Zettler, Lawrence W. Richardson, Larry W. TI Comparative seed germination and seedling development of the ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae), and molecular identification of its mycorrhizal fungus from South Florida SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Conservation; flowering; orchid; restoration; reintroduction; mycobiont; Polyrrhiza lindenii; leafless ID IN-VITRO; EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS; TROPICAL ORCHIDS; PLANT-GROWTH; PROPAGATION; PHALAENOPSIS; SPECIFICITY; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETICS; REQUIREMENTS AB Background and Aims The endangered leafless ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii, one of the most renowned orchids in the world, is difficult to grow under artificial conditions. Published information on asymbiotic and symbiotic (co-culture with a mycobiont) seed germination, seedling anatomy and developmental morphology of this leafless orchid is completely lacking. This information is critical for the development of efficient procedures for ghost orchid production for successful reintroduction. Methods Ghost orchid seedling early development stages were morphologically and anatomically defined to compare germination, embryo and protocorm maturation and seedling development during asymbiotic and symbiotic culture with one of two mycorrhizal strains (Dlin-379 and Dlin-394) isolated from ghost orchid roots in situ. Key Results Seeds symbiotically germinated at higher rates when cultured with fungal strain Dlin-394 than with strain Dlin-379 or asymbiotically on P723 medium during a 10-week culture period. Fungal pelotons were observed in protocorm cells co-cultured with strain Dlin-394 but not Dlin-379. Some 2-year-old seedlings produced multinode inflorescences in vitro. Production of keikis from inflorescence nodes indicated the capacity for clonal production in the ghost orchid. Conclusions Ghost orchid embryo and seedling development were characterized into seven stages. Fungal strain Dlin-394 was confirmed as a possible ghost orchid germination mycobiont, which significantly promoted seed germination and seedling development. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing data confirmed that Dlin-394 belongs within the genus Ceratobasidium. These results offer the opportunity to examine the benefits of using a mycobiont to enhance in vitro germination and possibly ex vitro acclimatization and sustainability following outplanting. C1 [Hoang, Nguyen H.; Kane, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoang, Nguyen H.] Univ Sci, Dept Plant Biotechnol, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Radcliffe, Ellen N.; Zettler, Lawrence W.] Illinois Coll, Dept Biol, Orchid Recovery Program, 1101 West Coll Ave, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. [Richardson, Larry W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, 12085 SR 29, South Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Kane, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM micropro@ufl.edu FU Naples Orchid Society; US Fish & Wildlife Service FX Our research would not have been possible without the long-standing support of the staff at the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. The assistance of J. J. Sadler (Illinois College), Ernesto Mujica (Orquideario Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba), Mike Owen (Fakahatchee Strand), Lynne Sigler (UAMH, Canada), Kim Backer-Kelley (Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research), Bart Schutzman (University of Florida) and James Colee (IFAS Statistics Consulting Services) is greatly appreciated. We kindly thank our Illinois College colleagues Laura L. Corey and Kelley M. Bishop for assistance with ITS sequencing, Kavita K. Patel and Korrie E. Edwards for fungus isolation (Dlin-379) and Andy L. Stice for technical support. Sincere gratitude is extended to the Naples Orchid Society for funding K.K.P. and K.K.E. in 2013, and E.N.R. in 2014. This work was supported in part by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 3 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1093/aob/mcw220 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EO8JM UT WOS:000396935400011 PM 28025292 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Ball, LC Barichivich, WJ Dodd, CK Enge, KM Gorman, TA O'Donnell, KM Palis, JG Semlitsch, RD AF Walls, Susan C. Ball, Lianne C. Barichivich, William J. Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Enge, Kevin M. Gorman, Thomas A. O'Donnell, Katherine M. Palis, John G. Semlitsch, Raymond D. TI Overcoming Challenges to the Recovery of Declining Amphibian Populations in the United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; critical habitat; Endangered Species Act; population demography; recovery planning ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; MOVEMENT ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; BEHAVIOR; CRITERIA; SUPPORT; TRENDS; AGENCY AB The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) affords many potential benefits to species threatened with extinction. However, most at-risk amphibians-one of the most imperiled vertebrate groups-remain unlisted under the provisions of the ESA, and many impediments to recovery exist for those species that have been listed. Of the 35 US amphibian species and distinct population segments (''taxa'') listed under the ESA, 40% currently lack a final (completed) recovery plan, 28.6% lack designated critical habitat, and 8.6% lack both. For taxa that have recovery plans, the time between their listing and the development of those plans was from 2 to 29 years, and the time between their listing and the designation of critical habitat ranged from 0 to 14 years. The underlying causes of such delays in protection are complex and constitute obstacles to recovery of imperiled species. We outline a series of strategic actions by which these challenges may be overcome. C1 [Walls, Susan C.; O'Donnell, Katherine M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Ball, Lianne C.] USGS, Ecosyst Miss Area, Reston, VA USA. [Ball, Lianne C.] USGS, Environm Program, Reston, VA USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] USFWS, Off Endangered Species, Washington, DC USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] USGS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Enge, Kevin M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gorman, Thomas A.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Div Manager Aquat Resources, Chehalis, DC USA. [Gorman, Thomas A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Palis, John G.] Palis Environm Consulting, Jonesboro, IL USA. [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI O'Donnell, Katherine/0000-0001-9023-174X FU United States Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2017 VL 67 IS 2 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw153 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EO7UO UT WOS:000396895800009 ER PT J AU Fields, WR Grant, EHC Lowe, WH AF Fields, William R. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Lowe, Winsor H. TI Detecting spatial ontogenetic niche shifts in complex dendritic ecological networks SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE centrality; Gyrinophilus porphyriticus; network topology; occupancy; salamander; species distribution ID SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BROWN TROUT; DYNAMICS; CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPES; METACOMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY; SALAMANDERS; COEXISTENCE AB Ontogenetic niche shifts (ONS) are important drivers of population and community dynamics, but they can be difficult to identify for species with prolonged larval or juvenile stages, or for species that inhabit continuous habitats. Most studies of ONS focus on single transitions among discrete habitat patches at local scales. However, for species with long larval or juvenile periods, affinity for particular locations within connected habitat networks may differ among cohorts. The resulting spatial patterns of distribution can result from a combination of landscape-scale habitat structure, position of a habitat patch within a network, and local habitat characteristics-all of which may interact and change as individuals grow. We estimated such spatial ONS for spring salamanders (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus), which have a larval period that can last 4 years or more. Using mixture models to identify larval cohorts from size frequency data, we fit occupancy models for each age class using two measures of the branching structure of stream networks and three measures of stream network position. Larval salamander cohorts showed different preferences for the position of a site within the stream network, and the strength of these responses depended on the basin-wide spatial structure of the stream network. The isolation of a site had a stronger effect on occupancy in watersheds with more isolated headwater streams, while the catchment area, which is associated with gradients in stream habitat, had a stronger effect on occupancy in watersheds with more paired headwater streams. Our results show that considering the spatial structure of habitat networks can provide new insights on ONS in long-lived species. C1 [Fields, William R.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov FU Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Brian Todd and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. V. Chaney, N. Cullen, A. Deyle, E. Edwards, and K. Ewing assisted with field sampling. J. Wofford helped coordinate field research with the National Park Service. All work was conducted under PatuxentWildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee approval. This research was supported by a grant from the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative ( ARMI) of the U.S. Geological Survey. This is manuscript number 538 of the ARMI program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2017 VL 8 IS 2 AR e01662 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1662 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0QH UT WOS:000397091300009 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI LONG VALLEY CALDERA-MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN UNREST: THE KNOWNS AND THE UNKNOWNS SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHQUAKES; USA; CA C1 [Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 EI 1811-5217 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD FEB PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.2113/gselements.13.1.8 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EO5QT UT WOS:000396748500002 ER PT J AU Smart, MD Cornman, RS Iwanowicz, DD McDermott-Kubeczko, M Pettis, JS Spivak, MS Otto, CRV AF Smart, M. D. Cornman, R. S. Iwanowicz, D. D. McDermott-Kubeczko, M. Pettis, J. S. Spivak, M. S. Otto, C. R. V. TI A Comparison of Honey Bee-Collected Pollen From Working Agricultural Lands Using Light Microscopy and ITS Metabarcoding SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pollen identification; honey bee; land use; agriculture ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA BARCODE; PLANT; WEEDS; DIET; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; COLONIES AB Taxonomic identification of pollen has historically been accomplished via light microscopy but requires specialized knowledge and reference collections, particularly when identification to lower taxonomic levels is necessary. Recently, next-generation sequencing technology has been used as a cost-effective alternative for identifying bee-collected pollen; however, this novel approach has not been tested on a spatially or temporally robust number of pollen samples. Here, we compare pollen identification results derived from light microscopy and DNA sequencing techniques with samples collected from honey bee colonies embedded within a gradient of intensive agricultural landscapes in the Northern Great Plains throughout the 2010-2011 growing seasons. We demonstrate that at all taxonomic levels, DNA sequencing was able to discern a greater number of taxa, and was particularly useful for the identification of infrequently detected species. Importantly, substantial phenological overlap did occur for commonly detected taxa using either technique, suggesting that DNA sequencing is an appropriate, and enhancing, substitutive technique for accurately capturing the breadth of bee-collected species of pollen present across agricultural landscapes. We also show that honey bees located in high and low intensity agricultural settings forage on dissimilar plants, though with overlap of the most abundantly collected pollen taxa. We highlight practical applications of utilizing sequencing technology, including addressing ecological issues surrounding land use, climate change, importance of taxa relative to abundance, and evaluating the impact of conservation program habitat enhancement efforts. C1 [Smart, M. D.; Otto, C. R. V.] US Geol Survey North Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. [Cornman, R. S.] US Geol Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Iwanowicz, D. D.] US Geol Survey Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [McDermott-Kubeczko, M.; Spivak, M. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN USA. [Pettis, J. S.] USDA ARS Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM msmart@usgs.gov; rcornman@usgs.gov; diwanowicz@usgs.gov; mcde0099@umn.edu; jeff.pettis@ars.usda.gov; spiva001@umn.edu; cotto@usgs.gov FU USDA-NIFA [2010-65615-20631]; USDA-FSA [131AMRECRTYA8]; USDA-NRCS [673A7514178] FX The full dataset used for analysis can be found in Smart and Otto (2016). We thank Dan Cariveau and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful contributions. We also thank University of Maryland technician, Andrew Garivito, for color sorting pollen prior to light microscopy identification. This project was funded by USDA-NIFA grant number 2010- 65615- 20631, USDA-FSA grant number 131AMRECRTYA8, and USDA-NRCS grant number 673A7514178. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 46 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1093/ee/nvw159 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EO7XC UT WOS:000396902400005 PM 28062536 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NJ Kaven, JO Davatzes, N Newman, GA AF Lindsey, Nathaniel J. Kaven, Joern Ole Davatzes, Nicholas Newman, Gregory A. TI Compartmentalization of the Coso East Flank geothermal field imaged by 3-D full-tensor MT inversion SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Inverse theory; Magnetotellurics; Hydrothermal systems ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS; NEW-ZEALAND; CALIFORNIA; RESISTIVITY; BENEATH; SYSTEM; RANGE; MODEL AB Previous magnetotelluric (MT) studies of the high-temperature Coso geothermal system in California identified a subvertical feature of low resistivity (2-5Ohmm) and appreciable lateral extent (>1 km) in the producing zone of the East Flank field. However, these models could not reproduce gross 3-D effects in the recorded data. We perform 3-D full-tensor inversion and retrieve a resistivity model that out-performs previous 2-D and 3-D off-diagonal models in terms of its fit to the complete 3-D MT data set as well as the degree of modelling bias. Inclusion of secondary Z(xx) and Z(yy) data components leads to a robust east-dip (60 degrees) to the previously identified conductive East Flank reservoir feature, which correlates strongly with recently mapped surface faults, downhole well temperatures, 3-D seismic reflection data, and local microseismicity. We perform synthetic forward modelling to test the best-fit dip of this conductor using the response at a nearby MT station. We interpret the dipping conductor as a fractured and fluidized compartment, which is structurally controlled by an unmapped blind East Flank fault zone. C1 [Lindsey, Nathaniel J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lindsey, Nathaniel J.; Newman, Gregory A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Geosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaven, Joern Ole] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Davatzes, Nicholas] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Lindsey, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Lindsey, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Geosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM natelindsey@berkeley.edu FU Department of Energy Geothermal Program Office [GT-480010-19823-10]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank Kelly Blake, Andy Sabin, and the Navy Geothermal Program Office for access to Coso well temperature data. The authors are grateful to Phil Wannamaker and Jeffrey Unruh for technical feedback during this study, and to Jared Peacock and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. 3-D visualization was done with VisIt (https://wci.llnl.gov/simulation/computer-codes/visit), and figures were made using the MTpy library (https://github.com/geophysics/mtpy) and the Generic Mapping Tools (gmt.soest.hawaii.edu). Coso MT data are available upon request. This work was carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with funding provided by the Department of Energy Geothermal Program Office under contract GT-480010-19823-10, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 208 IS 2 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1093/gji/ggw408 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6QM UT WOS:000396817600004 ER PT J AU Karlstrom, KE Crossey, LJ Embid, E Crow, R Heizler, M Hereford, R Beard, LS Ricketts, JW Cather, S Kelley, S AF Karlstrom, K. E. Crossey, L. J. Embid, E. Crow, R. Heizler, M. Hereford, R. Beard, L. S. Ricketts, J. W. Cather, S. Kelley, S. TI Cenozoic incision history of the Little Colorado River: Its role in carving Grand Canyon and onset of rapid incision in the past ca. 2 Ma in the Colorado River System SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; FRANCISCO VOLCANIC FIELD; CROOKED RIDGE RIVER; U-PB AGES; NEW-MEXICO; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; CALIFORNIA RIVER; SOUTHWESTERN USA; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DETRITAL ZIRCONS AB This paper documents a multi-stage incision and denudation history for the Little Colorado River (LCR) region of the southwestern Colorado Plateau over the past 70 Ma. The first two pulses of denudation are documented by thermochronologic data. Differential Laramide cooling of samples on the -Mogollon Rim suggests carving of 70-30 Ma paleotopography by N- and E-flowing rivers whose pathways were partly controlled by strike valleys at the base of retreating Cretaceous cliffs. A second pulse of denudation is documented by apatite (U-Th)/He dates and thermal history models that indicate a broad LCR paleovalley was incised 25-15 Ma by an LCR paleoriver that flowed northwest and carved an East Kaibab paleovalley across the - Kaibab uplift. Lacustrine strata of the lower Bidahochi Formation were deposited 1614 Ma in the LCR paleovalley in a closed basin playa or marsh with a valley center near the modern LCR. There is a hiatus in the depositional record in the LCR valley from 12 to 8 Ma followed by aggradation of the 8-6 Ma fluvial upper Bidahochi Formation. Interlayered 8-6 Ma maar basalts that interacted with groundwater mark local base level for upper Bidahochi fluvial deposits; this was also a time of increased groundwater flow to Hualapai Limestone at the western edge of the Colorado Plateau. The paleo-base level in the central LCR valley remained stable (similar to 1900 m modern elevation) from 16 to 6 Ma. The third pulse of regional incision and denudation, most recent and ongoing, started after integration of the Colorado River (CR) through Grand Canyon. Thermochronology from Marble Canyon indicates that early CR integration took place across the Vermillion Cliffs at Lees Ferry after 6 Ma. The elevation of the paleoconfluence between the LCR and CR at 5-6 Ma is poorly constrained, but earliest CR integration is hypothesized to have reoccupied the East Kaibab paleocanyon. In the upper LCR drainage, topographically inverted basalt -mesas have elevations and K-Ar dates indicating a transition from aggradation to incision ca. 6 Ma followed by semi-steady incision of 20-40 m/Ma. In the lower LCR, incision accelerated to 120-170 m/Ma after 2 Ma as indicated by Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of basalt, ash-fall, and detrital sanidine. A 1.993 +/- 0.002 Ma sanidine age for a tuff in the White Mesa alluvium provides a breakthrough for LCR and CR incision studies. Post-2 Ma differential incision magnitudes (and rates) in the lower LCR and at the LCR-CR confluence were 280-320 m (140-160 m/Ma), about three times greater than the 40-80 m (20-40 m/Ma) in the LCR headwaters. The proposed mechanisms driving overall post-6 Ma differential incision of the LCR involve headwater uplift associated with the Hopi Buttes and Springer-ville volcanic fields plus base-level fall caused by CR integration to the Gulf of California. A proposed mechanism to explain the accelerated post-2 Ma differential incision in the central and lower LCR valley, but not in the head-waters, involves mantle-driven epeirogenic uplift due to NE-migrating vol-canism associated with the San Francisco volcanic field. Tectonically driven differential surface uplift mechanisms were likely amplified by changes toward more erosive climate at ca. 6 Ma and ca. 2 Ma. C1 [Karlstrom, K. E.; Crossey, L. J.; Embid, E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03-2040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Crow, R.; Hereford, R.; Beard, L. S.] US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Heizler, M.; Cather, S.; Kelley, S.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Ricketts, J. W.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Karlstrom, KE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03-2040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kek1@unm.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1348007] FX We acknowledge the decades-long contributions of Maurice Cooley on the Little Colorado River valley. Our research was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1348007 to Karl-strom and Shuster. The paper benefitted from reviews by Andre Potochnik, Kelin Whipple, and Stuart Thomson. NR 150 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 81 DI 10.1130/GES01304.1 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO6SD UT WOS:000396821900005 ER PT J AU Albano, CM Dettinger, MD Soulard, CE AF Albano, Christine M. Dettinger, Michael D. Soulard, Christopher E. TI Influence of atmospheric rivers on vegetation productivity and fire patterns in the southwestern US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INLAND PENETRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; WILDFIRE; SENSITIVITY; CALIFORNIA; COAST; VARIABILITY AB In the southwestern U.S., the meteorological phenomenon known as atmospheric rivers (ARs) has gained increasing attention due to its strong connections to floods, snowpacks, and water supplies in the West Coast states. Relatively less is known about the ecological implications of ARs, particularly in the interior Southwest, where AR storms are less common. To address this gap, we compared a chronology of AR landfalls on the west coast between 1989 and 2011 and between 25 degrees N and 42.5 degrees N to annual metrics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; an indicator of vegetation productivity) and daily resolution precipitation data to assess influences of AR-fed winter precipitation on vegetation productivity across the southwestern U.S. We mapped correlations between winter AR precipitation during landfalling ARs and (1) annual maximum NDVI and (2) area burned by large wildfires summarized by ecoregion during the same year as the landfalls and during the following year. Interannual variations of AR precipitation strongly influenced both NDVI and area burned by wildfire in some dryland ecoregions. The influence of ARs on dryland vegetation varied significantly depending on the latitude of landfall, with those ARs making landfall below 35 degrees N latitude more strongly influencing these systems, and with effects observed as far as 1300 km from the landfall location. As climatologists' understanding of the synoptic patterns associated with the occurrence of ARs continues to evolve, an increased understanding of how AR landfalls, in aggregate, influence vegetation productivity and associated wildfire activity in dryland ecosystems may provide opportunities to better predict ecological responses to climate and climate change. C1 [Albano, Christine M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Carson, CA USA. [Soulard, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Albano, CM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM christine.albano@dri.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey [G14AP00101]; Southwest Climate Science Center FX This material is based upon the work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under grant agreement G14AP00101 from the Southwest Climate Science Center, which is managed by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. We thank Jonathan Rutz for use of his atmospheric river chronology and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that greatly improved this paper. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 308 EP 323 DI 10.1002/2016JG003608 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EN6RF UT WOS:000396130400003 ER PT J AU Xia, JY McGuire, AD Lawrence, D Burke, E Chen, GS Chen, XD Delire, C Koven, C MacDougall, A Peng, SS Rinke, A Saito, K Zhang, WX Alkama, R Bohn, TJ Ciais, P Decharme, B Gouttevin, I Hajima, T Hayes, DJ Huang, K Ji, DY Krinner, G Lettenmaier, DP Miller, PA Moore, JC Smith, B Sueyoshi, T Shi, Z Yan, LM Liang, JY Jiang, LF Zhang, Q Luo, YQ AF Xia, Jianyang McGuire, A. David Lawrence, David Burke, Eleanor Chen, Guangsheng Chen, Xiaodong Delire, Christine Koven, Charles MacDougall, Andrew Peng, Shushi Rinke, Annette Saito, Kazuyuki Zhang, Wenxin Alkama, Ramdane Bohn, Theodore J. Ciais, Philippe Decharme, Bertrand Gouttevin, Isabelle Hajima, Tomohiro Hayes, Daniel J. Huang, Kun Ji, Duoying Krinner, Gerhard Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Miller, Paul A. Moore, John C. Smith, Benjamin Sueyoshi, Tetsuo Shi, Zheng Yan, Liming Liang, Junyi Jiang, Lifen Zhang, Qian Luo, Yiqi TI Terrestrial ecosystem model performance in simulating productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in the northern permafrost region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; NPP-GPP RATIO; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY AB Realistic projection of future climate-carbon (C) cycle feedbacks requires better understanding and an improved representation of the C cycle in permafrost regions in the current generation of Earth system models. Here we evaluated 10 terrestrial ecosystem models for their estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) and responses to historical climate change in permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. In comparison with the satellite estimate from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 246 +/- 6gCm(-2) yr (-1)), most models produced higher NPP (309 +/- 12 g Cm-2 yr(-1)) over the permafrost region during 2000-2009. By comparing the simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) with a flux tower-based database, we found that although mean GPP among the models was only overestimated by 10% over 1982-2009, there was a twofold discrepancy among models (380 to 800 g Cm-2 yr(-1)), which mainly resulted from differences in simulated maximum monthly GPP (GPP(max)). Most models overestimated C use efficiency (CUE) as compared to observations at both regional and site levels. Further analysis shows that model variability of GPP and CUE are nonlinearly correlated to variability in specific leaf area and the maximum rate of carboxylation by the enzyme Rubisco at 25 degrees C (V-cmax_(25)), respectively. Themodels also varied in their sensitivities of NPP, GPP, and CUE to historical changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. These results indicate that model predictive ability of the C cycle in permafrost regions can be improved by better representation of the processes controlling CUE and GPP(max) as well as their sensitivity to climate change. C1 [Xia, Jianyang] East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Res Ctr Global Change & Ecol Forecasting, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Xia, Jianyang] East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Tiantong Natl Field Observat Stn Forest Ecosyst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lawrence, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Burke, Eleanor] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chen, Guangsheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Chen, Xiaodong; Bohn, Theodore J.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Delire, Christine; Alkama, Ramdane; Decharme, Bertrand] CNRM, CNRS Meteo France, Unitemixte Rech, UMR 3589, Toulouse, France. [Koven, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [MacDougall, Andrew; Ciais, Philippe] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Peng, Shushi] CNRS, CEA, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Smith, Benjamin] CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Krinner, Gerhard] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Krinner, Gerhard] LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Rinke, Annette; Ji, Duoying; Moore, John C.; Zhang, Qian] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Rinke, Annette] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, Potsdam, Germany. [Saito, Kazuyuki; Hajima, Tomohiro] Japan Agcy Marine Earth, Dept Integrated Climate Change Project Re, Yokohama, Japan. [Zhang, Wenxin] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gouttevin, Isabelle] Irstea, UR HHLY, Villeurbanne, France. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME USA. [Miller, Paul A.; Smith, Benjamin] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosystem Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Sueyoshi, Tetsuo] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. [Shi, Zheng] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Project Team Risk Informat Climate Change, Yokohama, Japan. [Shi, Zheng; Liang, Junyi; Jiang, Lifen; Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xia, JY (reprint author), East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Res Ctr Global Change & Ecol Forecasting, Shanghai, Peoples R China.; Xia, JY (reprint author), East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Tiantong Natl Field Observat Stn Forest Ecosyst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM jyxia@des.ecnu.edu.cn; yluo@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy [DE SC0008270, DE-SC00114085]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF 1137293, OIA-1301789]; National 1000 Young Talents Program of China; European Union Seventh Framework Programme [GA282700] FX The authors thank John Kimball for his constructive suggestions on the earlier version of this manuscript. This study was developed as part of the modeling integration team of the Permafrost Carbon Network (PCN, www.permafrostcarbon.org) funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey. Research in Y. L. Ecolab was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE SC0008270 and DE-SC00114085) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EF 1137293 and OIA-1301789. J.X. was also supported by the National 1000 Young Talents Program of China. E.B., S.P., P.C., I.G., and G.K. acknowledge financial support by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) project PAGE21, under GA282700. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The simulation data analyzed in this manuscript are available through the National Snow and Ice Data Center through e-mail request to Kevin Schaefer (kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org). NR 128 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 430 EP 446 DI 10.1002/2016JG003384 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EN6RF UT WOS:000396130400011 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Midway, SR Whittier, JB DeWeber, JT Paukert, CP AF Wagner, Tyler Midway, Stephen R. Whittier, Joanna B. DeWeber, Jefferson T. Paukert, Craig P. TI Annual Changes in Seasonal River Water Temperatures in the Eastern and Western United States SO WATER LA English DT Article DE trends; river water temperature; Bayesian estimation; dynamic linear models ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; NATIVE RANGE; BROOK TROUT; FISH; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; MODEL AB Changes in river water temperatures are anticipated to have direct effects on thermal habitat and fish population vital rates, and therefore, understanding temporal trends in water temperatures may be necessary for predicting changes in thermal habitat and how species might respond to such changes. However, many investigations into trends in water temperatures use regression methods that assume long-term monotonic changes in temperature, when in fact changes are likely to be nonmonotonic. Therefore, our objective was to highlight the need and provide an example of an analytical method to better quantify the short-term, nonmonotonic temporal changes in thermal habitat that are likely necessary to determine the effects of changing thermal conditions on fish populations and communities. To achieve this objective, this study uses Bayesian dynamic linear models (DLMs) to examine seasonal trends in river water temperatures from sites located in the eastern and western United States, regions that have dramatically different riverine habitats and fish communities. We estimated the annual rate of change in water temperature and found little evidence of seasonal changes in water temperatures in the eastern U.S. We found more evidence of warming for river sites located in the western U.S., particularly during the fall and winter seasons. Use of DLMs provided a more detailed view of temporal dynamics in river thermal habitat compared to more traditional methods by quantifying year-to-year changes and associated uncertainty, providing managers with the information needed to adapt decision making to short-term changes in habitat conditions that may be necessary for conserving aquatic resources in the face of a changing climate. C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Midway, Stephen R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 2257 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Whittier, Joanna B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [DeWeber, Jefferson T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 546 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu; smidway@lsu.edu; whittierj@missouri.edu; jtdeweber@gmail.com; paukertc@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD FEB PY 2017 VL 9 IS 2 AR 90 DI 10.3390/w9020090 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EM6PY UT WOS:000395435800021 ER PT J AU Wallingford, BD Diefenbach, DR Long, ES Rosenberry, CS Alt, GL AF Wallingford, Bret D. Diefenbach, Duane R. Long, Eric S. Rosenberry, Christopher S. Alt, Gary L. TI Biological and Social Outcomes of Antler Point Restriction Harvest Regulations for White-Tailed Deer SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE age structure; antler point restrictions; harvest rate; hunter satisfaction; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; survival; white-tailed deer ID MULTIPLE-SATISFACTION; CAPTURE MYOPATHY; PENNSYLVANIA; FOREST; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; ATTITUDES; SCIENCE; MODEL; MOOSE AB Selective harvest criteria, such as antler point restrictions (APRs), have been used to regulate harvest of male ungulates; however, comprehensive evaluation of the biological and social responses to this management strategy is lacking. In 2002, Pennsylvania adopted new APRs for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that required, depending on wildlife management unit, >= 3 or >= 4 points on 1 antler for legal harvest. Historically, harvest rates of subadult (1.5 yr old) and adult (>= 2.5 yr old) antlered males averaged 0.80. Antler point restrictions were designed to protect >= 50% of subadult males from harvest. Most adult males remained legal for harvest. We estimated harvest rates, survival rates, and cause-specific mortality of radio-collared male deer (453 subadults, 103 adults) in 2 wildlife management units (Armstrong and Centre counties) to evaluate biological efficacy of APRs to increase recruitment of adult males during 2002-2005. We administered statewide deer hunter surveys before and after each hunting season over the same 3 years to evaluate hunter attitudes toward APRs. We conducted 2 types of surveys: a simple random sample of all license buyers for each survey and a longitudinal panel of hunters who completed all 6 surveys. At the same time APRs were implemented, the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) increased antlerless harvests to reduce deer density to meet deer management goals. Survival rates varied by month and age but not between study areas or among years after implementation of APRs. Monthly survival rates for subadults ranged from 0.64 to 0.97 during hunting seasons and 0.95 to 0.99 during the non-hunting period. Annual survival of subadults was 0.46 (95% CI = 0.41-0.52). Adult monthly survival rates ranged from 0.36 to 0.95 during hunting seasons and we had no mortalities during the non-hunting period. Annual survival of adults was 0.28 (95% CI = 0.22-0.35). Antler point restrictions successfully reduced harvest rate for subadults to 0.31 (95% CI = 0.23-0.38), and approximately 92% of these deer survived to the following hunting season. Vehicle collisions were the greatest source of mortality outside the hunting season for subadults and adults. Also, we observed decreased harvest rates for adults (0.59, 95% CI = 0.40-0.72), although nearly all were legal for harvest. Of radio-collared subadults, 6-11% were harvested with sub-legal antlers, indicating hunters generally complied with APRs. Overall, antlered harvest declined statewide and in our study areas, in part because of APRs but also because of increased antlerless harvests that reduced the statewide population from 1.49 million deer in 2000 to 1.14 million deer in 2005. However, between 2000 and 2005, harvest of adult males increased by 976 (112%) in Armstrong County, decreased by 29 (-3%) in Centre County, and increased by 14,285 (29%) statewide because more males survived to the 3- and 4-year-old age classes. Proportion of hunters from the random sample surveys who supported statewide APRs varied among years between 0.61 (95% CI = 0.59-0.64) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.66-0.73). The proportion of hunters from the longitudinal panel who supported APRs did not increase as hunters gained experience under the new regulations; 0.23 were more supportive, 0.29 were less supportive, and 0.48 were unchanged in their level of agreement after 3 years. Although >50% of hunters supported APRs throughout the study, support for the PGC's deer management program declined; 41% of the longitudinal panel of hunters rated the deer management program lower after 3 years and 21% rated it higher. We considered APRs biologically successful because of decreased subadult harvest rates and increased harvest of adult males with larger antlers. Likewise, because the majority of hunters supported APRs throughout the study, we considered APRs socially successful. However, we predicted APRs would become increasingly popular after hunters experienced biological results of APRs, but there was little change in support. We believe hunters formed an initial impression of the effects of APRs, and additional experience and information failed to change their opinion. Furthermore, the concurrent reduction in overall deer densities to accommodate more males in the population and to meet agency deer population goals likely further reduced support for APRs. We found APRs as implemented in Pennsylvania to be enforceable, adhered to by hunters, and successful in recruiting more antlered males to older age classes. To facilitate social acceptance of these regulation changes, we found that obtaining support before the changes were implemented may have been important because most hunters did not change their opinions about APRs after 3 years of experience with the new regulations. (C) 2017 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Wallingford, Bret D.; Rosenberry, Christopher S.; Alt, Gary L.] Penn Game Commiss, Bur Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Long, Eric S.] Penn State Univ, Intercollege Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Long, Eric S.] Seattle Pacific Univ, Dept Biol, 3307 3rd Ave, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Alt, Gary L.] POB 370, Lagunitas, CA 94938 USA. RP Wallingford, BD (reprint author), Penn Game Commiss, Bur Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. EM bwallingfo@pa.gov FU PGC; U.S. Geological Survey; Pennsylvania State University; Susquehanna Branch of the Quality Deer Management Association; Southeast Branch of the Quality Deer Management Association; North-central Pennsylvania Branch of the Quality Deer Management Association; Pennsylvania Deer Association FX We thank the many technicians who captured and tracked deer over many cold days and nights. Also, we thank the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources for access to state forest lands and the many private landowners and hunters who cooperated with this research. We thank L. H. Carpenter and R. B. Gill for their paper (Carpenter and Gill 1987) that questioned the value of APRs and outlined the testable hypotheses for our research.; Support for this project was provided by the PGC; U.S. Geological Survey; Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; The Susquehanna, Southeast, and North-central Pennsylvania Branches of the Quality Deer Management Association; and The Pennsylvania Deer Association. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources provided access to their land for capturing deer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 196 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1002/wmon.1022 PG 26 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EP2IV UT WOS:000397207500001 ER PT J AU Veeraraghavan, S Hudnut, KW Krishnan, S AF Veeraraghavan, Swetha Hudnut, Kenneth W. Krishnan, Swaminathan TI Toppling Analysis of the Echo Cliffs Precariously Balanced Rock SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; CONSTRAINTS; CRITERIA; PULSES; BLOCKS AB Toppling analysis of a precariously balanced rock (PBR) can provide insight into the nature of ground motion that has not occurred at that location in the past and, by extension, can constrain peak ground motions for use in engineering design. Earlier approaches have targeted 2D models of the rock or modeled the rockpedestal contact using spring-damper assemblies that require recalibration for each rock. Here, a method to model PBRs in 3D is presented through a case study of the Echo Cliffs PBR. The 3D model is created from a point cloud of the rock, the pedestal, and their interface, obtained using terrestrial laser scanning. The dynamic response of the model under earthquake excitation is simulated using a rigid-body dynamics algorithm. The veracity of this approach is demonstrated through comparisons against data from shake-table experiments. Fragility maps for toppling probability of the Echo Cliffs PBR as a function of various ground-motion parameters, rock-pedestal interface friction coefficient, and excitation direction are presented. These fragility maps indicate that the toppling probability of this rock is low (less than 0.2) for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) lower than 3 m/s(2) and 0: 75 m/s, respectively, suggesting that the ground-motion intensities at this location from earthquakes on nearby faults have most probably not exceeded the above-mentioned PGA and PGV during the age of the PBR. Additionally, the fragility maps generated from this methodology can also be directly coupled with existing probabilistic frameworks to obtain direct constraints on unexceeded ground motion at a PBR's location. C1 [Veeraraghavan, Swetha; Krishnan, Swaminathan] CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd,MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, 525 535 South Wilson St, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Veeraraghavan, S (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd,MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM sveerara@caltech.edu; krishnan@caltech.edu; hudnut@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1247029]; USGS; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We thank James Brune, Richard Brune, Glenn Biasi, and Matthew Purvance for the results from the shake-table experiments and for sharing their insights and experiences with precariously balanced rocks (PBRs). We would also like to thank David Phillips of UNAVCO for supporting laser scanning of the Echo Cliffs PBR, as well as the field crew that included D. Haddad, D. Rood, A. Limaye, W. Amidon, D. Lynch, and E. Pounders, and also G. Bawden and S. Bond who helped process the data. In addition, we thank Robert Graves, Thomas Hanks, and Patricia McCrory of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Jack Baker, and an anonymous reviewer for providing reviews of earlier versions of this article. This research project has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF Award EAR-1247029), the USGS, and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1785/0120160169 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900007 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Campbell, KW AF Boore, David M. Campbell, Kenneth W. TI Adjusting Central and Eastern North America Ground-Motion Intensity Measures between Sites with Different Reference-Rock Site Conditions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JACINTO FAULT ZONE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STOCHASTIC-METHOD; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; MODERATE EARTHQUAKES; DURATION MODELS; ATTENUATION; FOURIER; ANZA AB Adjustment factors are provided for converting ground-motion intensity measures between central and eastern North America (CENA) sites with different reference-rock site conditions (V-S30 = 760, 2000, and 3000 m/s) for moment magnitudes ranging from 2 to 8, rupture distances ranging from 2 to 1200 km, Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) for frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 100 Hz, response spectra for periods ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 s, peak ground acceleration, and peak ground velocity. The adjustment factors are given for a wide range of the site diminution parameters (kappa(0)) for sites with V-S30 = 760 m/s and for a kappa(0) of 0.006 s for two harder rock sites. Fourteen CENA velocity profiles with V-S30 values within a factor of 1.1 of 760 m/s were used to derive average FAS amplification factors as a function of frequency, which were then used in simulations of peak ground-motion parameters and response spectra to derive the adjustment factors. The amplification function differs from that used in western North America (e.g., Campbell and Boore, 2016) in having a peak near 9 Hz, due to the resonance of motions in the relatively thin low-velocity material over hard rock that characterizes many CENA sites with V-S30 near 760 m/s. We call these B/C sites, because this velocity marks the boundary between National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site classes B and C (Building Seismic Safety Council, 2004). The adjustments for short-period motions are sensitive to the value of kappa(0), but there are very few if any determinations of kappa(0) for CENA B/C sites. For this reason, we determined kappa(0) from multiple recordings at Pinyon Flat Observatory (PFO), California, which has a velocity-depth profile similar to those of CENA B/C sites. The PFO and other results from the literature suggest that appropriate values of kappa(0) for CENA B/C sites are expected to lie between 0.01 and 0.03 s. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] CoreLogic Inc, 555 12th St,Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; kcampbell@corelogic.com NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 132 EP 148 DI 10.1785/0120160208 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900012 ER PT J AU Rezaeian, S Hartzell, S Sun, XD Mendoza, C AF Rezaeian, Sanaz Hartzell, Stephen Sun, Xiaodan Mendoza, Carlos TI Simulation of Earthquake Ground Motions in the Eastern United States Using Deterministic Physics-Based and Site-Based Stochastic Approaches SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND PLATFORM; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; 26 JANUARY 2001; M-W 7.6; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; SEISMIC ATTENUATION; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; TIME HISTORIES; POINT-SOURCE AB Earthquake ground-motion recordings are scarce in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) for large-magnitude events and at close distances. We use two different simulation approaches, a deterministic physics-based method and a site-based stochastic method, to simulate ground motions over a wide range of magnitudes. Drawing on previous results for the modeling of recordings from the 2011 M-w 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and using the 2001 M-w 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake as a tectonic analog for a large magnitude CEUS event, we are able to calibrate the two simulation methods over this magnitude range. Both models show a good fit to the Mineral and Bhuj observations from 0.1 to 10 Hz. Model parameters are then adjusted to obtain simulations for M-w 6.5, 7.0, and 7.6 events in the CEUS. Our simulations are compared with the 2014 U.S. Geological Survey weighted combination of existing ground-motion prediction equations in the CEUS. The physics-based simulations show comparable response spectral amplitudes and a fairly similar attenuation with distance. The site-based stochastic simulations suggest a slightly faster attenuation of the response spectral amplitudes with distance for larger magnitude events and, as a result, slightly lower amplitudes at distances greater than 200 km. Both models are plausible alternatives and, given the few available data points in the CEUS, can be used to represent the epistemic uncertainty in modeling of postulated CEUS large-magnitude events. C1 [Rezaeian, Sanaz; Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sun, Xiaodan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, 111 Erhuan Rd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. [Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. RP Sun, XD (reprint author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, 111 Erhuan Rd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. EM sunxd@home.swjtu.edu.cn FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51208440]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2682015CX082] FX We gratefully acknowledge the receipt of the Bhuj records from the India Meteorological Department through Krishna Singh. This study is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program funding. The main part of this work was completed while one of the authors (X. D. Sun) was visiting the USGS under Project 51208440 by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Project 2682015CX082 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1785/0120160031 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900013 ER PT J AU Dreiling, J Isken, MP Mooney, WD AF Dreiling, Jennifer Isken, Marius P. Mooney, Walter D. TI Comparison of Synthetic Pseudoabsolute Response Spectral Acceleration (PSA) for Four Crustal Regions within Central and Eastern North America (CENA) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This study contributes to the development of a new ground-motion model for Central and Eastern North America (CENA). We evaluate the impact of the seismic-velocity structure for different crustal regions on ground-motion measures. We present an overview of the regionalization of the crustal structure of CENA, the physical parameters used for the simulation codes, and the statistical method applied for the comparison of pseudoabsolute response spectral accelerations (PSAs) of four crustal regions defined within CENA. The four crustal regions are (1) the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP), (2) the Appalachians (APP), (3) Central North America (CNA), and (4) the Mississippi Embayment/ Gulf Coast (MEM). For each region and its statistically representative velocity structure, PSA matrices were computed, covering response oscillator frequencies from 0.5 to 20 Hz and hypocentral distances up to 500 km. PSA matrices for earthquakes at four different focal depths (5, 10, 20, and 30 km) were calculated. The developed method of the normed mean differences gives a meaningful measure for inter-regional differences of ground motions in comparison with intra-regional variability. In this study, we compare the ln(PSA) of the APP, ACP, and MEM region with the reference region CNA, respectively. The percentage of ln(PSA) mean difference values that are smaller than the ln(PSA) standard deviation of the reference region CNA lies between 73% and 91% for the APP region, dependent on the focal depth. For the ACP region, it is about 70% for all focal depths, except for the 20 km source depth, which was excluded because a layer boundary at 20.5 km causes unrealistically strong reflections. The percentage for the MEM region is less than 50% for each of the focal depths. This analysis demonstrates that there are two distinct ground-motion groups for CENA: Group 1: CNA, APP, and ACP Group 2: MEM. C1 [Dreiling, Jennifer; Isken, Marius P.; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dreiling, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dreiling@gfz-potsdam.de; isken@gfz-potsdam.de; mooney@usgs.gov FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); National Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported primarily by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) as part of the Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for Central and Eastern North America (NGA-East) research project funded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Energy and Electric Power Research Institute. Support from the National Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is also gratefully acknowledged. Discussions with Christine Goulet, Norm Abrahamson, Paul Spudich, Martin Chapman, David Boore, Robert Graves, and Yousef Bozorgnia have clarified many technical issues. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1785/0120160121 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900014 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Kishida, T AF Boore, David M. Kishida, Tadahiro TI Relations between Some Horizontal-Component Ground-Motion Intensity Measures Used in Practice SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKES; DIRECTIONALITY AB Various measures using the two horizontal components of recorded ground motions have been used in a number of studies that derive ground-motion prediction equations and construct maps of shaking intensity. We update relations between a number of these measures, including those in Boore et al. (2006) and Boore (2010), using the large and carefully constructed global database of ground motions from crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions developed as part of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center-Next Generation Attenuation-West2 project. The ratios from the expanded datasets generally agree to within a few percent of the previously published ratios. We also provide some ratios that were not considered before, some of which will be useful in applications such as constructing Shake-Maps. Finally, we compare two important ratios with those from a large central and eastern North American database and from many records from subduction earthquakes in Japan and Taiwan. In general, the ratios from these regions are within several percent of those from crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; tkishida@berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1785/0120160250 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900025 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Ramirez-Guzman, L Meremonte, M Leeds, A AF Hartzell, Stephen Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Meremonte, Mark Leeds, Alena TI Ground Motion in the Presence of Complex Topography II: Earthquake Sources and 3D Simulations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SANTA-CLARA VALLEY; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HAITI EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC MOTION; SITE RESPONSE; CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY; AMPLIFICATION; TARZANA AB Eight seismic stations were placed in a linear array with a topographic relief of 222 m over Mission Peak in the east San Francisco Bay region for a period of one year to study topographic effects. Seventy-two well-recorded local earthquakes are used to calculate spectral amplitude ratios relative to a reference site. A well-defined fundamental resonance peak is observed with individual station amplitudes following the theoretically predicted progression of larger amplitudes in the upslope direction. Favored directions of vibration are also seen that are related to the trapping of shear waves within the primary ridge dimensions. Spectral peaks above the fundamental one are also related to topographic effects but follow a more complex pattern. Theoretical predictions using a 3D velocity model and accurate topography reproduce many of the general frequency and time-domain features of the data. Shifts in spectral frequencies and amplitude differences, however, are related to deficiencies of the model and point out the importance of contributing factors, including the shear-wave velocity under the topographic feature, near-surface velocity gradients, and source parameters. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen; Leeds, Alena] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Coordinac Ingn Sismol, Ave Univ 3000, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Meremonte, Mark] Denver Fed Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Box 25007,MS 85-833, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shartzell@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 344 EP 358 DI 10.1785/0120160159 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900026 ER PT J AU Frankel, A AF Frankel, Arthur TI Modeling Strong-Motion Recordings of the 2010 M-w 8.8 Maule, Chile, Earthquake with High Stress-Drop Subevents and Background Slip SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY GROUND MOTIONS; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; PACIFIC COAST; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; RUPTURE PROCESS; OKI EARTHQUAKE; POINT-SOURCE; CALIFORNIA; ATTENUATION; SPECTRA AB Strong-motion recordings of the M-w 8.8 Maule earthquake were modeled using a compound rupture model consisting of (1) a background slip distribution with large correlation lengths, relatively low slip velocity, and long peak rise time of slip of about 10 s and (2) high stress-drop subevents (asperities) on the deeper portion of the rupture with moment magnitudes 7.9-8.2, high slip velocity, and rise times of slip of about 2 s. In this model, the high-frequency energy is not produced in the same location as the peak coseismic slip, but is generated in the deeper part of the rupture zone. Using synthetic seismograms generated for a plane-layered velocity model, I find that the high stress-drop subevents explain the observed Fourier spectral amplitude from about 0.1 to 1.0 Hz. Broadband synthetics (0-10 Hz) were calculated by combining deterministic synthetics derived from the background slip and asperities (<= 1 Hz) with stochastic synthetics generated only at the asperities (>= 1 Hz). The broadband synthetics produced response spectral accelerations with low bias compared to the data, for periods of 0.1-10 s. A subevent stress drop of 200-350 bars for the high-frequency stochastic synthetics was found to bracket the observed spectral accelerations at frequencies greater than 1 Hz. For most of the stations, the synthetics had durations of the Arias intensity similar to the observed records. C1 [Frankel, Arthur] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM afrankel@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1785/0120160127 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900028 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, Fred F. TI A Note on Adding Viscoelasticity to Earthquake Simulators SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; DEFORMATION; RECURRENCE; STRESS; CYCLES; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Here, I describe how time-dependent quasi-static stress transfer can be implemented in an earthquake simulator code that is used to generate long synthetic seismicity catalogs. Most existing seismicity simulators use precomputed static stress interaction coefficients to rapidly implement static stress transfer in fault networks with typically tens of thousands of fault patches. The extension to quasi-static deformation, which accounts for viscoelasticity of Earth's ductile lower crust and mantle, involves the precomputation of additional interaction coefficients that represent time-dependent stress transfer among the model fault patches, combined with defining and evolving additional state variables that track this stress transfer. The new approach is illustrated with application to a California-wide synthetic fault network. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 468 EP 474 DI 10.1785/0120160192 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900035 ER PT J AU Pourmokhtarian, A Driscoll, CT Campbell, JL Hayhoe, K Stoner, AMK Adams, MB Burns, D Fernandez, I Mitchell, MJ Shanley, JB AF Pourmokhtarian, Afshin Driscoll, Charles T. Campbell, John L. Hayhoe, Katharine Stoner, Anne M. K. Adams, Mary Beth Burns, Douglas Fernandez, Ivan Mitchell, Myron J. Shanley, James B. TI Modeled ecohydrological responses to climate change at seven small watersheds in the northeastern United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CMIP5; ecohydrology; ecosystem modeling; northeastern United States; water stress; water use efficiency; watershed ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; NEW-YORK; LAND-USE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CHANGE PROJECTIONS; CATSKILL REGIONS; SURFACE WATERS AB A cross-site analysis was conducted on seven diverse, forested watersheds in the northeastern United States to evaluate hydrological responses (evapotranspiration, soil moisture, seasonal and annual streamflow, and water stress) to projections of future climate. We used output from four atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs; CCSM4, HadGEM2-CC, MIROC5, and MRI-CGCM3) included in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, coupled with two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 8.5 and 4.5). The coarse resolution AOGCMs outputs were statistically downscaled using an asynchronous regional regression model to provide finer resolution future climate projections as inputs to the deterministic dynamic ecosystem model PnET-BGC. Simulation results indicated that projected warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons in the northeastern United States are anticipated to increase evapotranspiration across all sites, although invoking CO2 effects on vegetation (growth enhancement and increases in water use efficiency (WUE)) diminish this response. The model showed enhanced evapotranspiration resulted in drier growing season conditions across all sites and all scenarios in the future. Spruce-fir conifer forests have a lower optimum temperature for photosynthesis, making them more susceptible to temperature stress than more tolerant hardwood species, potentially giving hardwoods a competitive advantage in the future. However, some hardwood forests are projected to experience seasonal water stress, despite anticipated increases in precipitation, due to the higher temperatures, earlier loss of snow packs, longer growing seasons, and associated water deficits. Considering future CO2 effects on WUE in the model alleviated water stress across all sites. Modeled streamflow responses were highly variable, with some sites showing significant increases in annual water yield, while others showed decreases. This variability in streamflow responses poses a challenge to water resource management in the northeastern United States. Our analyses suggest that dominant vegetation type and soil type are important attributes in determining future hydrological responses to climate change. C1 [Pourmokhtarian, Afshin; Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine; Stoner, Anne M. K.] Texas Tech Univ, Climate Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Burns, Douglas] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY ESF, Dept Environm Resources Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Pourmokhtarian, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM afshin.pourmokhtarian@gmail.com FU Environmental Protection Agency through the STAR program; USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program; NSF; NYSERDA (New York State Energy Research Development Authority); National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program [DEB 1119709, DEB 1019522]; USDA Forest Service; USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; Long-Term Monitoring Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Markets Division FX The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments that improved this manuscript. We would also like to thank Colin Fuss and Andrew B. Reinmann for their constructive feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency through the STAR program, the USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the LTER network, which is supported by the NSF. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. The data for the Huntington Forest have been provided with funding from NYSERDA (New York State Energy Research Development Authority). The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program (DEB 1119709). Watershed research on the Fernow Experimental Forest is supported in part by the National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program (DEB 1019522), and by the USDA Forest Service. The Sleepers River Watershed in Vermont is supported by USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area. The Biscuit Brook Watershed is supported by the Long-Term Monitoring Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Markets Division. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 23 IS 2 BP 840 EP 856 DI 10.1111/gcb.13444 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL0WU UT WOS:000394343300033 PM 27472269 ER PT J AU Brabec, MM Germino, MJ Richardson, BA AF Brabec, Martha M. Germino, Matthew J. Richardson, Bryce A. TI Climate adaption and post-fire restoration of a foundational perennial in cold desert: insights from intraspecific variation in response to weather SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate response; fire; freezing responses; restoration; Sagebrush; seed zones; seedling survival; semi-arid landscapes; water stress; weather ID SAGEBRUSH ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; FREEZING TOLERANCE; POLYPLOIDY; ASTERACEAE; ELEVATION; SEEDLINGS; DROUGHT; SHRUB AB The loss of foundational but fire-intolerant perennials such as sagebrush due to increases in fire size and frequency in semi-arid regions has motivated efforts to restore them, often with mixed or even no success. Seeds of sagebrush Artemisia tridentata and related species must be moved considerable distances from seed source to planting sites, but such transfers have not been guided by an understanding of local climate adaptation. Initial seedling establishment and its response to weather are a key demographic bottleneck that likely varies among subspecies and populations of sagebrush. We assessed differences in survival, growth and physiological responses of sagebrush seedlings to weather among eleven seed sources that varied in subspecies, cytotype and climates-of-origin over 18months following outplanting. Diploid or polyploid populations of mountain, Wyoming and basin big sagebrush (A.tridentata ssp. vaseyana, A.tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and A.tridentata ssp. tridentata, respectively) were planted onto five burned sites that normally support A.t.wyomingensis with some A.t.tridentata.A.t.wyomingensis had the most growth and survival, and tetraploid populations had greater survival and height than diploids. Seasonal timing of mortality varied among the subspecies/cytotypes and was more closely related to minimum temperatures than water deficit. Temperatures required to induce ice formation were up to 6 degrees C more negative in 4n-A.t.tridentata and A.t.wyomingensis than in other subspecies/cytotypes, indicating greater freezing avoidance. In contrast, freezing resistance of photosynthesis varied only 1 degrees C among subspecies/cytotypes, being greatest in A.t.wyomingensis and least in the subspecies normally considered most cold-adapted, A.t.vaseyana. A large spectrum of reliance on freezing avoidance vs. freezing tolerance was observed and corresponded to differences in post-fire survivorship among subspecies/cytotypes. Differences in water deficit responses among subspecies/cytotypes were not as strong and did not relate to survival patterns.Synthesis and applications. Low-temperature responses are a key axis defining climate adaptation in young sagebrush seedlings and vary more with cytotype than with subspecies, which contrasts with the traditional emphases on (i) water limitations to explain establishment in these deserts, and (ii) subspecies in selecting restoration seedings. These important and novel insights on climate adaptation are critical for seed selection and parameterizing seed transfer zones, and were made possible by incorporating weather data with survival statistics. The survival/weather statistics used here could be applied to any restoration planting or seeding to help elucidate factors contributing to success and enable adaptive management. C1 [Brabec, Martha M.; Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Richardson, Bryce A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov FU Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative and Native Plant Program; Northwest Climate Science Center FX Funding was provided by the Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative and Native Plant Program and the Northwest Climate Science Center. Laura Bond assisted with statistics, and Brynne Lazarus, Marcelo Serpe and Jen Forbey provided comments. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12679 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6IL UT WOS:000393322600031 ER PT J AU Meredith, CS Budy, P Hooten, MB Prates, MO AF Meredith, Christy S. Budy, Phaedra Hooten, Mevin B. Prates, Marcos Oliveira TI Assessing conditions influencing the longitudinal distribution of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a mountain stream: a spatially-explicit modeling approach SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Brown trout; Invasion; Anchor ice; Temperature; Spawning gravel; Propagule pressure ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-UTAH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SNAKE RIVER; HENRYS FORK; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE AB Trout species often segregate along elevational gradients, yet the mechanisms driving this pattern are not fully understood. On the Logan River, Utah, USA, exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) dominate at low elevations but are near-absent from high elevations with native Bonneville cutthroat trout (Onchorhynchus clarkii utah). We used a spatially-explicit Bayesian modeling approach to evaluate how abiotic conditions (describing mechanisms related to temperature and physical habitat) as well as propagule pressure explained the distribution of brown trout in this system. Many covariates strongly explained redd abundance based on model performance and coefficient strength, including average annual temperature, average summer temperature, gravel availability, distance from a concentrated stocking area, and anchor ice-impeded distance from a concentrated stocking area. In contrast, covariates that exhibited low performance in models and/or a weak relationship to redd abundance included reach-average water depth, stocking intensity to the reach, average winter temperature, and number of days with anchor ice. Even if climate change creates more suitable summer temperature conditions for brown trout at high elevations, our findings suggest their success may be limited by other conditions. The potential role of anchor ice in limiting movement upstream is compelling considering evidence suggesting anchor ice prevalence on the Logan River has decreased significantly over the last several decades, likely in response to climatic changes. Further experimental and field research is needed to explore the role of anchor ice, spawning gravel availability, and locations of historical stocking in structuring brown trout distributions on the Logan River and elsewhere. C1 [Meredith, Christy S.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Meredith, Christy S.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Prates, Marcos Oliveira] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Stat, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Meredith, CS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Meredith, CS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM meredith.christy@epa.gov FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Forest Service; Utah State University Ecology Center, Utah State University School of Graduate Studies; George L. Disborough Trout Unlimited Research grant; Utah State University IACUC Protocol [2022] FX The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, the U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind), the U.S. Forest Service, Utah State University Ecology Center, Utah State University School of Graduate Studies, and a George L. Disborough Trout Unlimited Research grant provided funding and/or materials towards this study. We would like to thank Gary Thiede for providing logistical support for this project as well as numerous field technicians and volunteers who helped in data collection, especially L. Goss, P. Mason, E. Castro, M. Weston, J. Randall, and C. Saunders. Brett Roper, Chris Luecke and Jack Schmidt reviewed previous versions of this manuscript. We also thank the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, especially Matt McKell, for providing stocking records. In addition, we are grateful to our anonymous reviewers for providing suggestions to improve the manuscript. We performed this research under the auspices of Utah State University IACUC Protocol 2022. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 503 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1322-z PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CU UT WOS:000394152300006 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Birge, HE Slater, J Wiggers, E AF Allen, C. R. Birge, H. E. Slater, J. Wiggers, E. TI The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Reptiles; Community ecology; Red imported fire ant; Exotic species; Global change drivers ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; GLOBAL DECLINE; PREDATION; POLYGYNE; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; STABILITY; WILDLIFE AB Amphibians and reptiles are declining globally. One potential cause of this decline includes impacts resulting from co-occurrence with non-native red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Although a growing body of anecdotal and observational evidence from laboratory experiments supports this hypothesis, there remains a lack of field scale manipulations testing the effect of fire ants on reptile and amphibian communities. We addressed this gap by measuring reptile and amphibian ("herpetofauna") community response to successful fire ant reductions over the course of 2 years following hydramethylnon application to five 100-200 ha plots in southeastern coastal South Carolina. By assessing changes in relative abundance and species richness of herpetofauna in response to fire ant reductions, we were able to assess whether some species were particularly vulnerable to fire ant presence, and whether this sensitivity manifested at the community level. We found that herpetofauna abundance and species richness responded positively to fire ant reductions. Our results document that even moderate populations of red imported fire ants decrease both the abundance and diversity of herpetofauna. Given global herpetofauna population declines and continued spread of fire ants, there is urgency to understand the impacts of fire ants beyond anecdotal and singles species studies. Our results provides the first community level investigation addressing these dynamics, by manipulating fire ant abundance to reveal a response in herpetofauna species abundance and richness. C1 [Allen, C. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Birge, H. E.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Birge, H. E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Slater, J.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wiggers, E.] Nemours Wildlife Fdn, 239 Stroban Rd, Yemassee, SC 29940 USA. [Allen, C. R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.; Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University; Wildlife Management Institute; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. An earlier version of this manuscript was improved by comments from D. Ferraro and W. Mills. Comments from Dr. Kevin G. Smith and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1343-7 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CU UT WOS:000394152300021 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC Row, JR Oyler-McCance, SJ AF Fedy, Bradley C. Row, Jeffrey R. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. TI Integration of genetic and demographic data to assess population risk in a continuously distributed species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; Management units; Population trends; Sage-grouse; Centrocercus urophasianus ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BAYESIAN CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT UNITS; EXPERT OPINION; INFERENCE AB The identification and demographic assessment of biologically meaningful populations is fundamental to species' ecology and management. Although genetic tools are used frequently to identify populations, studies often do not incorporate demographic data to understand their respective population trends. We used genetic data to define subpopulations in a continuously distributed species. We assessed demographic independence and variation in population trends across the distribution. Additionally, we identified potential barriers to gene flow among subpopulations. We sampled greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) leks from across their range (ae175,000 Km(2)) in Wyoming and amplified DNA at 14 microsatellite loci for 1761 samples. Subsequently, we assessed population structure in unrelated individuals (n = 872) by integrating results from multiple Bayesian clustering approaches and used the boundaries to inform our assessment of long-term population trends and lek activity over the period of 1995-2013. We identified four genetic clusters of which two northern ones showed demographic independence from the others. Trends in population size for the northwest subpopulation were statistically different from the other three genetic clusters and the northeast and southwest subpopulations demonstrated a general trend of increasing proportion of inactive leks over time. Population change from 1996 to 2012 suggested population growth in the southern subpopulations and decline, or neutral, change in the northern subpopulations. We suggest that sage-grouse subpopulations in northern Wyoming are at greater risk of extirpation than the southern subpopulations due to smaller census and effective population sizes and higher variability within subpopulations. Our research is an example of incorporating genetic and demographic data and provides guidance on the identification of subpopulations of conservation concern. C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.; Row, Jeffrey R.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM bfedy@uwaterloo.ca FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX We thank Thomas Christiansen and Christopher Keefe for their support, coordination, and insights. Zachary Bowen was integral to the initiation of the project and we appreciate his contributions early on in the research. We also thank the many individuals who invested time and energy into collecting and submitting feathers and FTA cards for genetic analysis and the many individuals who have collected lek count data in Wyoming. The manuscript was improved through the comments from Christopher Kirol and three anonymous reviewers. Funding for the research was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endoresement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0885-7 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EK9OH UT WOS:000394253300007 ER PT J AU Wood, DA Bui, TVD Overton, CT Vandergast, AG Casazza, ML Hull, JM Takekawa, JY AF Wood, Dustin A. Bui, Thuy-Vy D. Overton, Cory T. Vandergast, Amy G. Casazza, Michael L. Hull, Joshua M. Takekawa, John Y. TI A century of landscape disturbance and urbanization of the San Francisco Bay region affects the present-day genetic diversity of the California Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Ridgway's rail; Gene flow; Fragmentation; Microsatellites; Population declines ID SPARROWS MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; CLAPPER RAIL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MIGRATION RATES; LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Fragmentation and loss of natural habitat have important consequences for wild populations and can negatively affect long-term viability and resilience to environmental change. Salt marsh obligate species, such as those that occupy the San Francisco Bay Estuary in western North America, occupy already impaired habitats as result of human development and modifications and are highly susceptible to increased habitat loss and fragmentation due to global climate change. We examined the genetic variation of the California Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus), a state and federally endangered species that occurs within the fragmented salt marsh of the San Francisco Bay Estuary. We genotyped 107 rails across 11 microsatellite loci and a single mitochondrial gene to estimate genetic diversity and population structure among seven salt marsh fragments and assessed demographic connectivity by inferring patterns of gene flow and migration rates. We found pronounced genetic structuring among four geographically separate genetic clusters across the San Francisco Bay. Gene flow analyses supported a stepping stone model of gene flow from south-to-north. However, contemporary gene flow among the regional embayments was low. Genetic diversity among occupied salt marshes and genetic clusters were not significantly different. We detected low effective population sizes and significantly high relatedness among individuals within salt marshes. Preserving genetic diversity and connectivity throughout the San Francisco Bay may require attention to salt marsh restoration in the Central Bay where habitat is both most limited and most fragmented. Incorporating periodic genetic sampling into the management regime may help evaluate population trends and guide long-term management priorities. C1 [Wood, Dustin A.; Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Bui, Thuy-Vy D.; Overton, Cory T.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Meyer Hall,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Audubon Calif, 376 Greenwood Beach Rd, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Wood, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM dawood@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs and Recovery Branches; California State Coastal Conservatory; Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We are grateful for the valuable comments from the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers and that helped improve a previous version of the manuscript. The microsatellite data and associated metadata used for this study can be obtained from ScienceBase (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7HD7SQ0) and ND2 mtDNA sequences were deposited in GENBANK (KU505148-KU505209). We thank our field crews including A. Merritt, E. Schultz, K. Barry, L. Koenig, K. Sawyer, and J. Burton for collecting samples and locality information. We thank S. Bobzien, M. Taylor, and R. Trujillo for assistance and access to East Bay Regional Park District properties; and the U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay Field Station staff for assistance with field work. We also thank the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, Marin County Parks, and Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District for granting us access to their properties. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs and Recovery Branches and by the California State Coastal Conservatory and Department of Fish and Wildlife. The blood and tissue samples were collected under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service endangered species permit TE-020548, California Department of Fish and Wildlife Memorandum of Understanding and scientific collecting permits, U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory permit 21142, and the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0888-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EK9OH UT WOS:000394253300010 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Rohweder, JJ AF De Jager, Nathan R. Rohweder, Jason J. TI Changes in aquatic vegetation and floodplain land cover in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers (1989-2000-2010) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic ecology; Floodplain; Forest; Habitat; Land cover change; Submerged aquatic vegetation ID VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; USA AB Quantifying changes in the cover of river-floodplain systems can provide important insights into the processes that structure these landscapes as well as the potential consequences to the ecosystem services they provide. We examined net changes in 13 different aquatic and floodplain land cover classes using photo interpreted maps of the navigable portions of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR, above the confluence with the Ohio River) and Illinois River from 1989 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010. We detected net decreases in vegetated aquatic area in nearly all river reaches from 1989 to 2000. The only river reaches that experienced a subsequent recovery of vegetated aquatic area from 2000 to 2010 were located in the northern portion of the UMR (above navigation pool 14) and two reaches in the Illinois River. Changes on the floodplain were dominated by urban development, which increased in nearly every river reach studied from 1989 to 2000. Agricultural lands declined in most river reaches from 2000 to 2010. The loss of agricultural land cover in the northern UMR was accompanied by increases in forest cover, whereas in the lower UMR and Illinois River, declines in agriculture were accompanied by increases in forest and shallow marsh communities. The changes in aquatic vegetation occupied between 5 and 20% of the total aquatic area and are likely associated with previously reported regional improvements in water clarity, while smaller (1-15% of the total floodplain area) changes in anthropogenic land cover types on the floodplain are likely driven by broad-scale socio-economic conditions. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov FU USACE; USEPA; USFWS; USGS; natural resource agency Illinois; natural resource agency Iowa; natural resource agency Minnesota; natural resource agency Missouri; natural resource agency Wisconsin FX Funding for this research was provided by the Long Term Resources Monitoring Component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, a partnership among four Federal agencies (USACE, USEPA, USFWS, USGS) and five state natural resource agencies (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 189 IS 2 AR 77 DI 10.1007/s10661-017-5774-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK0VS UT WOS:000393645800032 PM 28120204 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Cleveland, D Brumbaugh, WG Linder, G Lankton, J AF Ellen Hinck, Jo Cleveland, Danielle Brumbaugh, William G. Linder, Greg Lankton, Julia TI Pre-mining trace element and radiation exposure to biota from a breccia pipe uranium mine in the Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Uranium mining; Colorado plateau; Contaminants; Radiation; Risk; Baseline assessment ID COAL-COMBUSTION WASTES; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; POCKET GOPHERS; SMALL MAMMALS; SELENIUM; WILDLIFE; FISH; LEAD; CONTAMINATION AB The risks to wildlife and humans from uranium (U) mining in the Grand Canyon watershed are largely unknown. In addition to U, other co-occurring ore constituents contribute to risks to biological receptors depending on their toxicological profiles. This study characterizes the pre-mining concentrations of total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl), U, and zinc (Zn); radiation levels; and histopathology in biota (vegetation, invertebrates, amphibians, birds, and mammals) at the Canyon Mine. Gross alpha levels were below the reporting limit (4 pCi/g) in all samples, and gross beta levels were indicative of background in vegetation (<10-17 pCi/g) and rodents (< 10-43.5 pCi/g). Concentrations of U, Tl, Pb, Ni, Cu, and As in vegetation downwind from the mine were likely the result of aeolian transport. Chemical concentrations in rodents and terrestrial invertebrates indicate that surface disturbance during mine construction has not resulted in statistically significant spatial differences in fauna concentrations adjacent to the mine. Chemical concentrations in egg contents and nestlings of non- aquatic birds were less than method quantification limits or did not exceed toxicity thresholds. Bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Se, Tl, and U was evident in Western spadefoot (Spea multiplicata) tadpoles from the mine containment pond; concentrations of As (28.9-31.4 mu g/g) and Se (5.81-7.20 mu g/g) exceeded toxicity values and were significantly greater than in tadpoles from a nearby water source. Continued evaluation of As and Se in biota inhabiting and forging in the mine containment pond is warranted as mining progresses. C1 [Ellen Hinck, Jo; Cleveland, Danielle; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Brooks, TX 97305 USA. [Lankton, Julia] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov OI Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 189 IS 2 AR 56 DI 10.1007/s10661-017-5765-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK0VS UT WOS:000393645800011 PM 28091884 ER PT J AU Pizzuto, J Keeler, J Skalak, K Karwan, D AF Pizzuto, James Keeler, Jeremy Skalak, Katherine Karwan, Diana TI Storage filters upland suspended sediment signals delivered from watersheds SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE DISTRIBUTION; RIVER; RESERVOIRS; EVOLUTION; BASIN; TIME; FLOW AB Climate change, tectonics, and humans create long-and short-term temporal variations in the supply of suspended sediment to rivers. These signals, generated in upland erosional areas, are filtered by alluvial storage before reaching the basin outlet. We quantified this filter using a random walk model driven by sediment budget data, a power-law distributed probability density function (PDF) to determine how long sediment remains stored, and a constant downstream drift velocity during transport of 157 km/yr. For 25 km of transport, few particles are stored, and the median travel time is 0.2 yr. For 1000 km of transport, nearly all particles are stored, and the median travel time is 2.5 m. y. Both travel-time distributions are power laws. The 1000 km travel-time distribution was then used to filter sinusoidal input signals with periods of 10 yr and 10(4) yr. The 10 yr signal is delayed by 12.5 times its input period, damped by a factor of 380, and is output as a power law. The 10(4) yr signal is delayed by 0.15 times its input period, damped by a factor of 3, and the output signal retains its sinusoidal input form (but with a power-law "tail"). Delivery time scales for these two signals are controlled by storage; in-channel transport time is insignificant, and low-frequency signals are transmitted with greater fidelity than high-frequency signals. These signal modifications are essential to consider when evaluating watershed restoration schemes designed to control sediment loading, and where source-area geomorphic processes are inferred from the geologic record. C1 [Pizzuto, James; Keeler, Jeremy] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Skalak, Katherine] US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Karwan, Diana] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pizzuto, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1424969] FX Partial support was provided by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1424969. We are grateful for helpful reviews from editor James Spotila, Patrick Belmont, Harrison Gray, Daniel Kroes, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2017 VL 45 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1130/G38170.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6OZ UT WOS:000396124600018 ER PT J AU Voss, CI AF Voss, Clifford I. TI Editors' Message: The 2016 Editors' Choice articles SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10040-017-1538-8 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EK9JF UT WOS:000394239800001 ER PT J AU Montazar, A Rejmanek, H Tindula, G Little, C Shapland, T Anderson, F Inglese, G Mutters, R Linquist, B Greer, CA Hill, J Snyder, RL AF Montazar, A. Rejmanek, H. Tindula, G. Little, C. Shapland, T. Anderson, F. Inglese, G. Mutters, R. Linquist, B. Greer, C. A. Hill, J. Snyder, R. L. TI Crop Coefficient Curve for Paddy Rice from Residual Energy Balance Calculations SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Crop coefficient; Energy balance approach; Evapotranspiration; Rice ID SURFACE RENEWAL ANALYSIS; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WATER; CALIFORNIA; DENSITY; PHILIPPINES; IRRIGATION; CLIMATE; FIELDS AB The crop coefficient (Kc) values of rice paddy are important for estimating accurate rice crop evapotranspiration (ETc), water transfers planning, efficient irrigation management, and hydrological studies. In this study, ETc was measured and a generalized Kc curve was calculated for paddy rice in the Sacramento Valley, California. Field experiments were conducted in three rice paddy fields during the 2011-2013 growing seasons. Surface renewal analysis, after calibration using eddy covariance method, was applied to obtain sensible heat flux values from high-frequency temperature readings; latent heat flux densities were characterized by the residual of the energy balance method. The results revealed that there is considerable variability in rice water use both spatially and temporally. The average 3-year measured seasonal ETc of the experimental fields ranged from 690 to 762mm in Butte County and from 681 to 813mm in the Colusa County. A mean daily seasonal ETc of 5.3mmd-1 and midseason ETc of 5.8mmd-1 was observed. The rice Kc values were lower than those commonly used to estimate rice ETc during the midseason and were greater than expected during early growth before canopy closure. For a typical growing season of 145days, the Kc values were estimated as 1.10, 1.00, and 0.80 for the initial-growth, midseason, and late-season stages, respectively. The generalized Kc curve is quite accurate for practical application and enables growers to determine rice crop water use in a reliable, usable, and affordable format. The proposed Kc information can be used to refine the estimates of rice consumptive water use in the Sacramento Valley for the purpose of water transfers to water-short areas of the State. These Kc values are likely applicable to other locations having similar climate to the Sacramento Valley in California. C1 [Montazar, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 2242 PES Bldg,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rejmanek, H.; Tindula, G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Little, C.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Shapland, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Hort & Agron Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, F.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Inglese, G.] Univ Palermo, I-90100 Palermo, Italy. [Mutters, R.] UCCE Butte Co, Oroville, CA 95965 USA. [Linquist, B.; Hill, J.; Snyder, R. L.] Univ Calif Davis, UCCE, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Greer, C. A.] UCCE Colusa Co, Colusa, CA 95932 USA. RP Montazar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 2242 PES Bldg,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amontazar@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Water Resources [460008548A12TOUC101] FX The authors thank the California Department of Water Resources for supporting the "Refinement of Rice Water Use" project, Agreement No. 460008548A12TOUC101. The authors especially thank Tom Filler and Al Vargas from the Water Transfer Office and Morteza Orang and Tom Hawkins from the Water Planning Office for their valuable input and feedback during the project. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD FEB PY 2017 VL 143 IS 2 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001117 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA EK9RT UT WOS:000394262300002 ER PT J AU Balmer, BF Powers, RL Zhang, TH Lee, J Vigant, F Lee, B Jung, ME Purcell, MK Snekvik, K Aguilar, HC AF Balmer, Bethany F. Powers, Rachel L. Zhang, Ting-Hu Lee, Jihye Vigant, Frederic Lee, Benhur Jung, Michael E. Purcell, Maureen K. Snekvik, Kevin Aguilar, Hector C. TI Inhibition of an Aquatic Rhabdovirus Demonstrates Promise of a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Use in Aquaculture SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiviral; aquaculture; aquatic virus; broad spectrum; enveloped; membrane fusion; rhabdovirus; virus ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; EPC CELL-LINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA VACCINATION; FISH; VACCINES; IMMUNITY; IHNV; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTION AB Many enveloped viruses cause devastating disease in aquaculture, resulting in significant economic impact. LJ001 is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that inhibits enveloped virus infections by specifically targeting phospholipids in the lipid bilayer via the production of singlet oxygen (O-1(2)). This stabilizes positive curvature and decreases membrane fluidity, which inhibits virus-cell membrane fusion during viral entry. Based on data from previous mammalian studies and the requirement of light for the activation of LJ001, we hypothesized that LJ001 may be useful as a preventative and/or therapeutic agent for infections by enveloped viruses in aquaculture. Here, we report that LJ001 was more stable with a prolonged inhibitory half-life at relevant aquaculture temperatures (15 degrees C), than in mammalian studies at 37 degrees C. When LJ001 was preincubated with our model virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), infectivity was significantly inhibited in vitro (using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini [EPC] fish cell line) and in vivo (using rainbow trout fry) in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. While horizontal transmission of IHNV in a static cohabitation challenge model was reduced by LJ001, transmission was not completely blocked at established antiviral doses. Therefore, LJ001 may be best suited as a therapeutic for aquaculture settings that include viral infections with lower virus-shedding rates than IHNV or where higher viral titers are required to initiate infection of naive fish. Importantly, our data also suggest that LJ001-inactivated IHNV elicited an innate immune response in the rainbow trout host, making LJ001 potentially useful for future vaccination approaches. IMPORTANCE Viral diseases in aquaculture are challenging because there are few preventative measures and/or treatments. Broad-spectrum antivirals are highly sought after and studied because they target common components of viruses. In our studies, we used LJ001, a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that specifically inhibits enveloped viruses. We used the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) as a model to study aquatic enveloped virus diseases and their inhibition. We demonstrated inhibition of IHNV by LJ001 both in cell culture as well as in live fish. Additionally, we showed that LJ001 inhibited the transmission of IHNV from infected fish to healthy fish, which lays the groundwork for using LJ001 as a possible therapeutic for aquatic viruses. Our results also suggest that virus inactivated by LJ001 induces an immune response, showing potential for future preventative (e.g., vaccine) applications. C1 [Balmer, Bethany F.; Snekvik, Kevin; Aguilar, Hector C.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Powers, Rachel L.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Zhang, Ting-Hu; Lee, Jihye; Jung, Michael E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Vigant, Frederic; Lee, Benhur] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Snekvik, Kevin] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Aguilar, Hector C.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Snekvik, K; Aguilar, HC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.; Snekvik, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.; Aguilar, HC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ksnek@vetmed.wsu.edu; haguilar@vetmed.wsu.edu FU McCleary Endowment (WSU-VMP); National Institutes of Health/NIAID grant [RO1 AI109022] FX This work was supported by the McCleary Endowment (WSU-VMP, to K.S.) and National Institutes of Health/NIAID grant RO1 AI109022 (to H.C.A.). Use of any trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 91 IS 4 AR UNSP e02181 DI 10.1128/JVI.02181-16 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EK4FU UT WOS:000393883300029 ER PT J AU Velotta, JP Wegrzyn, JL Ginzburg, S Kang, L Czesny, S O'Neill, RJ McCormick, SD Michalak, P Schultz, ET AF Velotta, Jonathan P. Wegrzyn, Jill L. Ginzburg, Samuel Kang, Lin Czesny, Sergiusz O'Neill, Rachel J. McCormick, Stephen D. Michalak, Pawel Schultz, Eric T. TI Transcriptomic imprints of adaptation to fresh water: parallel evolution of osmoregulatory gene expression in the Alewife SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alosa pseudoharengus; functional genomics; gene expression; gill; ion regulation; Na+/K+ ATPase alpha 1 paralogs; osmoregulation; RNA-seq ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FISH ION REGULATION; CFTR ANION CHANNEL; RNA-SEQ DATA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ATLANTIC SALMON; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CHLORIDE CELLS; NA+/K+-ATPASE AB Comparative approaches in physiological genomics offer an opportunity to understand the functional importance of genes involved in niche exploitation. We used populations of Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) to explore the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie adaptation to fresh water. Ancestrally anadromous Alewives have recently formed multiple, independently derived, landlocked populations, which exhibit reduced tolerance of saltwater and enhanced tolerance of fresh water. Using RNA-seq, we compared transcriptional responses of an anadromous Alewife population to two landlocked populations after acclimation to fresh (0 ppt) and saltwater (35 ppt). Our results suggest that the gill transcriptome has evolved in primarily discordant ways between independent landlocked populations and their anadromous ancestor. By contrast, evolved shifts in the transcription of a small suite of well-characterized osmoregulatory genes exhibited a strong degree of parallelism. In particular, transcription of genes that regulate gill ion exchange has diverged in accordance with functional predictions: freshwater ion-uptake genes (most notably, the freshwater paralog' of Na+/K+-ATPase alpha-subunit) were more highly expressed in landlocked forms, whereas genes that regulate saltwater ion secretion (e.g. the 'saltwater paralog' of NKA alpha) exhibited a blunted response to saltwater. Parallel divergence of ion transport gene expression is associated with shifts in salinity tolerance limits among landlocked forms, suggesting that changes to the gill's transcriptional response to salinity facilitate freshwater adaptation. C1 [Velotta, Jonathan P.; Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Ginzburg, Samuel; Schultz, Eric T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kang, Lin; Michalak, Pawel] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Czesny, Sergiusz] Univ Illinois, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Zion, IL 60099 USA. [O'Neill, Rachel J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Velotta, JP (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jonathan.velotta@gmail.com FU State of Illinois Department of Natural Resources [CAFWS 74]; University of Connecticut's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Illinois Department of Natural Resources FX The authors would like to thank Grace Casselberry, Jeffrey Divino, Emily Funk and Andrew Jones for help collecting Alewives. Mike O'Dea (1962-2014) and Amy Regish assisted with fish rearing and care. Nate Jue, Craig Obergfell and Center for Applied Genomics and Technology at the University of Connecticut provided technical assistance with sequencing and analysis. We thank Carl Schlichting, Mark Urban, Jeffrey Divino and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for Illumina sequencing was provided by the State of Illinois Department of Natural Resources (#CAFWS 74) and the University of Connecticut's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Thank you to John Epifanio for help obtaining Illinois Department of Natural Resources funding. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 26 IS 3 BP 831 EP 848 DI 10.1111/mec.13983 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EK5DT UT WOS:000393947800010 PM 28012221 ER PT J AU Gabler, CA Osland, MJ Grace, JB Stagg, CL Day, RH Hartley, SB Enwright, NM From, AS McCoy, ML McLeod, JL AF Gabler, Christopher A. Osland, Michael J. Grace, James B. Stagg, Camille L. Day, Richard H. Hartley, Stephen B. Enwright, Nicholas M. From, Andrew S. McCoy, Meagan L. McLeod, Jennie L. TI Macroclimatic change expected to transform coastal wetland ecosystems this century SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANGROVE EXPANSION; SALT MARSHES; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; VULNERABILITY; TEMPERATURE; TOLERANCE AB Coastal wetlands, existing at the interface between land and sea, are highly vulnerable to climate change(1-3). Macroclimate (for example, temperature and precipitation regimes) greatly influences coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function(4,5). However, research on climate change impacts in coastal wetlands has concentrated primarily on sea-level rise and largely ignored macroclimatic drivers, despite their power to transform plant community structure(6-12) and modify ecosystemgoodsandservices(5,13). Here, wemodelwetland plant community structure based on macroclimate using field data collected across broad temperature and precipitation gradients along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. Our analyses quantify strongly nonlinear temperature thresholds regulating the potential for marsh-to-mangrove conversion. We also identify precipitation thresholds for dominance by various functional groups, including succulent plants and unvegetated mudflats. Macroclimate-driven shifts in foundation plant species abundance will have large effects on certain ecosystem goods and services(5,14-16). Based on current and projected climatic conditions, we project that transformative ecological changes are probable throughout the region this century, even under conservative climate scenarios. Coastal wetland ecosystems are functionally similar worldwide, so changes in this region are indicative of potential future changes in climatically similar regions globally. C1 [Gabler, Christopher A.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Gabler, Christopher A.] Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, Sch Earth Environm & Marine Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Osland, Michael J.; Grace, James B.; Stagg, Camille L.; Day, Richard H.; Hartley, Stephen B.; Enwright, Nicholas M.; From, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [McCoy, Meagan L.] McCoy Consulting, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [McLeod, Jennie L.] McLeod Consulting, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Gabler, CA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA.; Gabler, CA (reprint author), Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, Sch Earth Environm & Marine Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. EM christopher.gabler@utrgv.edu OI Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU US Department of the Interior South Central Climate Science Center; US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area; US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative; University of Houston FX We are grateful for the support of the US Department of the Interior South Central Climate Science Center, US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program, Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and the University of Houston. For facilitating our field collections, we thank Padre Island National Seashore, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, King Ranch, Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program, Hillsborough County, Manatee County, multiple US Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges, and multiple National Estuarine Research Reserves. C.A.G. thanks J. Gabler for numerical modelling assistance. We thank K. Krauss for a thoughtful manuscript review. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 7 IS 2 BP 142 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3203 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9VU UT WOS:000396348500017 ER PT J AU Watanabe, N Numakura, T Sakaguchi, K Saishu, H Okamoto, A Ingebritsen, SE Tsuchiya, N AF Watanabe, Noriaki Numakura, Tatsuya Sakaguchi, Kiyotoshi Saishu, Hanae Okamoto, Atsushi Ingebritsen, Steven E. Tsuchiya, Noriyoshi TI Potentially exploitable supercritical geothermal resources in the ductile crust SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; THERMAL-DAMAGE; PERMEABILITY; FLUID; ROCK; GRANITE; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; BRITTLE; JAPAN AB The hypothesis that the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) drastically reduces permeability implies that potentially exploitable geothermal resources (permeability > 10(-16) m(2)) consisting of supercritical water could occur only in rocks with unusually high transition temperatures such as basalt. However, tensile fracturing is possible even in ductile rocks, and some permeabilitydepth relations proposed for the continental crust show no drastic permeability reduction at the BDT. Here we present experimental results suggesting that the BDT is not the first-order control on rock permeability, and that potentially exploitable resources may occur in rocks with much lower BDT temperatures, such as the granitic rocks that comprise the bulk of the continental crust. We find that permeability behaviour for fractured granite samples at 350-500 degrees C under effective confining stress is characterized by a transition from a weakly stress-dependent and reversible behaviour to a strongly stress-dependent and irreversible behaviour at a specific, temperature-dependent effective confining stress level. This transition is induced by onset of plastic normal deformation of the fracture surface (elastic-plastic transition) and, importantly, causes no 'jump' in the permeability. Empirical equations for this permeability behaviour suggest that potentially exploitable resources exceeding 450 degrees C may form at depths of 2-6 km even in the nominally ductile crust. C1 [Watanabe, Noriaki; Numakura, Tatsuya; Sakaguchi, Kiyotoshi; Okamoto, Atsushi; Tsuchiya, Noriyoshi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Environm Studies Adv Soc, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. [Saishu, Hanae] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Renewable Energy Res Ctr, Koriyama, Fukushima 9630298, Japan. [Ingebritsen, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Watanabe, N (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Environm Studies Adv Soc, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. EM noriaki.watanabe.e6@tohoku.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [25000009] FX The present study was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a grant-in-aid for Specially Promoted Research (no. 25000009). The authors would like to thank Toei Scientific Industrial Co., Ltd. for manufacturing the experimental system. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 140 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2879 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK7RB UT WOS:000394121800019 ER PT J AU Bradbury, NV Probert, WJM Shea, K Runge, MC Fonnesbeck, CJ Keeling, MJ Ferrari, MJ Tildesley, MJ AF Bradbury, Naomi V. Probert, William J. M. Shea, Katriona Runge, Michael C. Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. Keeling, Matt J. Ferrari, Matthew J. Tildesley, Michael J. TI Quantifying the Value of Perfect Information in Emergency Vaccination Campaigns SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUTH-DISEASE; GREAT-BRITAIN; FOOT; STRATEGIES; EPIDEMIC; SPREAD; CATTLE; MODELS; VIRUS; UK AB Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in non-endemic countries can lead to large economic costs and livestock losses but the use of vaccination has been contentious, partly due to uncertainty about emergency FMD vaccination. Value of information methods can be applied to disease outbreak problems such as FMD in order to investigate the performance improvement from resolving uncertainties. Here we calculate the expected value of resolving uncertainty about vaccine efficacy, time delay to immunity after vaccination and daily vaccination capacity for a hypothetical FMD outbreak in the UK. If it were possible to resolve all uncertainty prior to the introduction of control, we could expect savings of alpha 55 million in outbreak cost, 221,900 livestock culled and 4.3 days of outbreak duration. All vaccination strategies were found to be preferable to a culling only strategy. However, the optimal vaccination radius was found to be highly dependent upon vaccination capacity for all management objectives. We calculate that by resolving the uncertainty surrounding vaccination capacity we would expect to return over 85% of the above savings, regardless of management objective. It may be possible to resolve uncertainty about daily vaccination capacity before an outbreak, and this would enable decision makers to select the optimal control action via careful contingency planning. C1 [Bradbury, Naomi V.; Probert, William J. M.; Tildesley, Michael J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Nottingham, Leics, England. [Bradbury, Naomi V.; Probert, William J. M.; Keeling, Matt J.; Tildesley, Michael J.] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Probert, William J. M.; Keeling, Matt J.; Tildesley, Michael J.] Univ Warwick, Math Inst, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Shea, Katriona; Ferrari, Matthew J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Eberly Coll Sci, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shea, Katriona; Ferrari, Matthew J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shea, Katriona; Ferrari, Matthew J.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Bradbury, NV (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Nottingham, Leics, England.; Bradbury, NV (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England. EM N.Bradbury@warwick.ac.uk FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/K010972/4]; Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Programme of the National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health [1 R01 GM105247-01]; National Science Foundation-RAPID grant [DEB-1514704]; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/P511079/1] FX MJT, WJMP and NVB are funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant no. BB/K010972/4. (www.bbsrc.ac.uk). NVB, WJMP, KS, CJF, MCR, MJT and MJF are supported by a grant from the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Programme of the National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health (Award no. 1 R01 GM105247-01) (www.nsf.gov). KS and MJF are additionally supported by National Science Foundation-RAPID grant DEB-1514704 (www.nsf.gov). MJT and MJF are supported by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security (https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology), and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (http://www.fic.nih.gov). MJT is additionally supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P511079/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 AR e1005318 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005318 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA EN0SB UT WOS:000395718800012 PM 28207777 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Senior, C van Alphen, C Koenig, A Geboy, N AF Kolker, Allan Senior, Constance van Alphen, Chris Koenig, Alan Geboy, Nick TI Mercury and trace element distribution in density separates of a South African Highveld (#4) coal: Implications for mercury reduction and preparation of export coal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Trace elements; Coal; South Africa; Pyrite; Laser ablation ICP-MS ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; MODES; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS AB Eight density separates of Permian Highveld (#4) coal were investigated for partitioning of Hg and trace elements. The separates include float fractions obtained in heavy media having densities of 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0 g/cm(3), and the sink fraction for 2.0 g/cm(3). Bulk analysis of the separates shows strong (R-2 >= 0.80) positive correlations between pyritic sulfur and mercury, and between ash yield and both pyritic sulfur and mercury. Laser ablation (IA) ICP-MS analysis of individual pyrite grains in the separates confirms association of Hg and As with pyrite as indicated by bulk analysis. Other elements detected in pyrite by LA-ICP-MS include Mn, Co, Ni, Ti, and Pb. Results for the separates allow prediction of Hg, trace elements, and ash yields expected in specific South African coal products. These range from 0.06 ppm Hg and an ash yield of 11.5% ash for the export fraction to 0.47 ppm Hg and an ash yield of 60.9% for the discard (stone) fraction (dry basis). Results show pronounced differences expected between coal used for domestic power generation and coal which is exported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kolker, Allan; Geboy, Nick] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Senior, Constance] ADA Environm Solut Inc, Highlands Ranch, CO USA. [van Alphen, Chris] Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Koenig, Alan] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO USA. RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. FU European Union; USGS Energy Resources Program FX This work was performed under an agreement between the United Nations Environment Programme, DTIE Chemicals Branch, Geneva, Switzerland, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA, with funding from the European Union. USGS participation in the study was supported by the USGS Energy Resources Program. We thank Gunnar Futsaeter, UNEP Project Manager and Kristy Langerman of Eskom for their interest and cooperation. Initial reviews for the USGS by Paul Hackley and Clinton Scott helped improve the manuscript, as did the comments of Editor Shifeng Dai and two Journal reviewers. A. Rae Ann Orkild-Norton assisted in acquisition of LA-ICP-MS data. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of its employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 170 SI SI BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.02.002 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EK1XR UT WOS:000393721600003 ER PT J AU Fayton, TJ Choudhury, A McAllister, CT Robison, HW AF Fayton, Thomas J. Choudhury, Anindo McAllister, Chris T. Robison, Henry W. TI Three new species of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 from darters (Perciformes: Percidae), with a redescription of Plagioporus boleosomi (Pearse, 1924) Peters, 1957 SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGENEA OPECOELIDAE; PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; TREMATODA; PLATYHELMINTHES; ARKANSAS; GENUS; PLAGIORCHIATA; PARASITES; FISHES AB A form of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 is described from the intestine of three North American species of darters (Perciformes: Percidae) from River West Twin, Wisconsin, USA, that we consider to be conspecific with Plagioporus boleosomi (Pearse, 1924) Peters, 1957 based on similarities in the sucker ratio, extent of the forebody, shape and position of the testes, vitellarium distribution and terminal genitalia. Three new species of Plagioporus are described from the intestine of darters as follows: Plagioporus fonti n. sp. from Percina nigrofasciata Agassiz in Florida, USA, Plagioporus limus n. sp. from Etheostoma squamosum Distler in Arkansas, USA and Plagioporus aliffi n. sp. from Etheostoma blennioides newmanni Miller in Arkansas, USA. Morphologically Plagioporus fonti n. sp., Plagioporus limus n. sp. and Plagioporus aliffi n. sp. are most similar to one another and to P. boleosomi, Plagioporus lepomis Dobrovolny, 1939 and 'P. etheostomae', a nomen nudum for a species described from Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque in Kentucky, USA, all of which are collectively distinguished from congeners in having a combination of confluent vitellarium in the post-testicular space and absence of vitelline follicles with their entire length distributed in the forebody. Plagioporus fonti n. sp., P. limus n. sp. and P. aliffi n. sp. are respectively distinguished from one another and their closest congeners in having the anterior extent of the vitellarium in the anterior half of forebody to slightly anterior to the ventral sucker as opposed to one approximately at the level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, possession of an excretory vesicle reaching the anterior testis as opposed to one only reaching the posterior testis and having a longer than wide oral sucker and a wider than long ventral sucker. A Bayesian inference (BI) analysis of partial 28S rDNA sequences was conducted using the three new species and 24 sequences of opecoelids retrieved from GenBank, including ten species of Plagioporus. Plagioporus aliffi n. sp., Plagioporus fonti n. sp. and P. boleosomi comprised a moderately supported sister group to a clade containing all species of Plagioporus except Plagioporus limus n. sp. and Plagioporus shawi (Mcintosh, 1939) Margolis, 1970. Plagioporus limus and in turn P. shawi were resolved as sister to all other congeners with high and moderate support, respectively. C1 [Fayton, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, 400 Washington Ave,POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Choudhury, Anindo] St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, 100 Grant St, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. [McAllister, Chris T.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Robison, Henry W.] Southern Arkansas Univ, Dept Biol, Magnolia, AR 71754 USA. RP Fayton, TJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, 400 Washington Ave,POB 155, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM tjfayton@gmail.com FU Vassar College Fellowships; Adolph Sutro Fellowship; Nancy Skinner Clark Fellowship; Faculty Development Summer Grant from St. Norbert College FX This work would not have been possible without the support Vassar College Fellowships awarded to TJF that provided funds for the collection of freshwater plagioporines and also living expenses while working up species descriptions at St. Norbert College, including an Adolph Sutro Fellowship in 2013/2014, a Nancy Skinner Clark Fellowship in 2014/2015 and an additional Nancy Skinner Clark Fellowship in 2015/2016. AC acknowledges funding from a 2014 Faculty Development Summer Grant from St. Norbert College. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 EI 1573-5192 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 94 IS 2 BP 159 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s11230-016-9697-x PG 24 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EK2NX UT WOS:000393765100001 PM 28130667 ER PT J AU Gold, RD Cowgill, E Arrowsmith, JR Friedrich, AM AF Gold, Ryan D. Cowgill, Eric Arrowsmith, J. Ramon Friedrich, Anke M. TI Pulsed strain release on the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest China SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Altyn Tagh fault; slip rate; fault slip history; earthquake cluster; crustal stress battery; paleoslip ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; QUATERNARY SLIP RATE; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; KARAKORAM FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; WESTERN TIBET; GREAT-BASIN; SYSTEM; RATES AB Earthquake recurrence models assume that major surface-rupturing earthquakes are followed by periods of reduced rupture probability as stress rebuilds. Although purely periodic, time- or slip-predictable rupture models are known to be oversimplifications, a paucity of long records of fault slip clouds understanding of fault behavior and earthquake recurrence over multiple ruptures. Here, we report a 16 kyr history of fault slip including a pulse of accelerated slip from 6.4 to 6.0 ka-determined using a Monte Carlo analysis of well-dated offset landforms along the central Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault (ATF) in northwest China. This pulse punctuates a median rate of 8.1(+1.2) /-0.9 mm/a and likely resulted from either a flurry of temporally clustered similar to Mw 7.5 ground-rupturing earthquakes or a single large >Mw 8.2 earthquake. The clustered earthquake scenario implies rapid re-rupture of a fault reach > 195 km long and indicates decoupled rates of elastic strain energy accumulation versus dissipation, conceptualized as a crustal stress battery. If the pulse reflects a single event, slip-magnitude scaling implies that it ruptured much of the ATF with slip similar to, or exceeding, the largest documented historical ruptures. Both scenarios indicate fault rupture behavior that deviates from classic time- or slip-predictable models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gold, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cowgill, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth &Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Arrowsmith, J. Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Friedrich, Anke M.] Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, Munich, Germany. RP Gold, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rgold@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0610107, EAR-0610040]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [A/08/73047]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Research supported by NSF grants EAR-0610107 (E.C.) and EAR-0610040 (J.R.A.), German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) grant A/08/73047 (R.G.), and the U.S. Geological Survey. The first draft of the manuscript was written as part of R. Gold's PhD dissertation at the University of California, Davis. Ideas presented in this study benefited from discussions with K. Scharer and R. Hetzel. Reviews by R. Briggs, M. Oskin, P. Cowie, C. Scholz, D. Schwartz, R. Bilham, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 459 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.024 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ1YM UT WOS:000393006500027 ER PT J AU Williams, PJ Hooten, MB Womble, JN Esslinger, GG Bower, MR Hefley, TJ AF Williams, Perry J. Hooten, Mevin B. Womble, Jamie N. Esslinger, George G. Bower, Michael R. Hefley, Trevor J. TI An integrated data model to estimate spatiotemporal occupancy, abundance, and colonization dynamics SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological diffusion; homogenization; hurdle model; integrated population model; partial differential equation; sea otters; state-space model; zero-inflated model ID STATISTICAL-MODELS; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; COUNTS; UNCERTAINTY; INFERENCE; SPREAD AB Ecological invasions and colonizations occur dynamically through space and time. Estimating the distribution and abundance of colonizing species is critical for efficient management or conservation. We describe a statistical framework for simultaneously estimating spatiotemporal occupancy and abundance dynamics of a colonizing species. Our method accounts for several issues that are common when modeling spatiotemporal ecological data including multiple levels of detection probability, multiple data sources, and computational limitations that occur when making fine-scale inference over a large spatiotemporal domain. We apply the model to estimate the colonization dynamics of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay, in southeastern Alaska. C1 [Williams, Perry J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Williams, Perry J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Womble, Jamie N.; Bower, Michael R.] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Womble, Jamie N.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Bay Field Stn, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Esslinger, George G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Williams, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Williams, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM perry.williams@colostate.edu FU National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; NSF [DMS 1614392] FX The authors thank Paul Conn, Jacob Ivan, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable insight about this work. Funding was provided from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program and NSF DMS 1614392. Heather Coletti, Dan Esler, and Dan Monson provided technical and logistical support. Data were collected by James Bodkin, Janet Doherty, Dan Monson, and Ben Weitzman. Pat Kearney and Andy Harcombe piloted survey airplanes. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1002/ecy.1643 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ7BI UT WOS:000393375700005 PM 28052322 ER PT J AU Bottero, A D'Amato, AW Palik, BJ Kern, CC Bradford, JB Scherer, SS AF Bottero, Alessandra D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian J. Kern, Christel C. Bradford, John B. Scherer, Sawyer S. TI Influence of Repeated Prescribed Fire on Tree Growth and Morialily in Pinus resinosa Forests, Northern Minnesota SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE controlled burns; dendrochronology; drought vulnerability; underburning ID PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; IMPACTS; REDUCTION; STAND; PROJECTIONS; VEGETATION; SURROGATE AB Prescribed fire is widely used for ecological restoration and fuel reduction in fire-dependent ecosystems, most of which are also prone to drought. Despite the importance of drought in fire-adapted forests, little is known about the cumulative effects of repeated prescribed burning on tree growth and related response to drought. Using dendrochronological data in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)-dominated forests in northern Minnesota, USA, we examined growth responses before and after understory prescribed fires between 1960 and 1970 to assess whether repeated burning influences growth responses of overstory trees and vulnerability of overstory tree growth to drought. We found no difference in tree-level growth vulnerability to drought, expressed as growth resistance, resilience, and recovery, between areas receiving prescribed fire treatments and untreated forests. Annual mortality rates during the period of active burning were also low (less than 2%) in all treatments. These findings indicate that prescribed fire can be effectively integrated into management plans and climate change adaptation strategies for red pine forest ecosystems without significant short- or long-term negative consequences for growth or mortality rates of overstory trees. C1 [Bottero, Alessandra; Scherer, Sawyer S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Palik, Brian J.; Kern, Christel C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bottero, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM dr.alessandrabottero@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank A. Bale and D. Kastendick for assistance with data collection and processing of tree-ring samples. S. Fraver, the anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor provided valuable inputs and suggestions that helped to improve the content of this article. Funding and logistic support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center, and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Dedicated to Robert (Bob) Buckman, whose original research examining prescribed fire effects in northern forests made this work possible. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 63 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.5849/forsci.16-035 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EJ6TF UT WOS:000393351000010 ER PT J AU Wertin, TM Belnap, J Reed, SC AF Wertin, Timothy M. Belnap, Jayne Reed, Sasha C. TI Experimental warming in a dryland community reduced plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux although the relationship between the fluxes remained unchanged SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum hymenoides; climate change; ecosystem carbon cycling; elevated temperature; grassland ecology; photosynthesis; soil respiration ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; CARBON-CYCLE; RESPIRATION; GRASSLAND; RESPONSES; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION AB 1. Drylands represent our planet's largest terrestrial biome and, due to their extensive area, maintain large stocks of carbon (C). Accordingly, understanding how dryland C cycling will respond to climate change is imperative for accurately forecasting global C cycling and future climate. However, it remains difficult to predict how increased temperature will affect dryland C cycling, as substantial uncertainties surround the potential responses of the two main C fluxes: plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 efflux. In addition to a need for an improved understanding of climate effects on individual dryland C fluxes, there is also notable uncertainty regarding how climate change may influence the relationship between these fluxes. 2. To address this important knowledge gap, we measured a growing season's in situ photosynthesis, plant biomass accumulation and soil CO2 efflux of mature Achnatherum hymenoides (a common and ecologically important C-3 bunchgrass growing throughout western North America) exposed to ambient or elevated temperature (+ 2 degrees C above ambient, warmed via infrared lamps) for 3 years. 3. The 2 degrees C increase in temperature caused a significant reduction in photosynthesis, plant growth and soil CO2 efflux. Of important note, photosynthesis and soil respiration appeared tightly coupled and the relationship between these fluxes was not altered by the elevated temperature treatment, suggesting C fixation's strong control of both above-ground and belowground dryland C cycling. Leaf water use efficiency was substantially increased in the elevated temperature treatment compared to the control treatment. 4. Taken together, our results suggest notable declines in photosynthesis with relatively subtle warming, reveal strong coupling between above-and below-ground C fluxes in this dryland and highlight temperature's strong effect on fundamental components of dryland C and water cycles. C1 [Wertin, Timothy M.; Belnap, Jayne; Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Wertin, Timothy M.] Univ Illinois, Carl R Woese Inst Genom Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wertin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.; Wertin, TM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Carl R Woese Inst Genom Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM twertin@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DE-SC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change and Ecosystems Mission Areas FX We would like to thank Ed Grote for assistance with experimental design and set-up, Hilda Smith, Elizabeth Ogata, Kristina Young, Emily Harrison and Philip Adams for assistance with measurements. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program, under Award Number DE-SC-0008168 and the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change and Ecosystems Mission Areas. Any trade, product or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12708 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL1IO UT WOS:000394374100003 ER PT J AU Stackpoole, SM Stets, EG Clow, DW Burns, DA Aiken, GR Aulenbach, BT Creed, IF Hirsch, RM Laudon, H Pellerin, BA Striegl, RG AF Stackpoole, Sarah M. Stets, Edward G. Clow, David W. Burns, Douglas A. Aiken, George R. Aulenbach, Brent T. Creed, Irena F. Hirsch, Robert M. Laudon, Hjalmar Pellerin, Brian A. Striegl, Robert G. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved organic matter quantity and quality in the Mississippi River Basin, 1997-2013 SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; climate; dissolved organic carbon; land management; land-use; Mississippi River Basin; specific ultraviolet absorbance; trends; waste water treatment; WRTDS ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; LAND-USE CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY; CARBON EXPORT; SURFACE-WATER; FINNISH RIVERS; STREAM WATER; NEW-YORK; CLIMATE AB Recent studies have found insignificant or decreasing trends in time-series dissolved organic carbon (DOC) datasets, questioning the assumption that long-term DOC concentrations in surface waters are increasing in response to anthropogenic forcing, including climate change, land use, and atmospheric acid deposition. We used the weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season (WRTDS) model to estimate annual flow-normalized concentrations and fluxes to determine if changes in DOC quantity and quality signal anthropogenic forcing at 10 locations in the Mississippi River Basin. Despite increases in agriculture and urban development throughout the basin, net increases in DOC concentration and flux were significant at only 3 of 10 sites from 1997 to 2013 and ranged between -3.5% to +18% and -0.1 to 19%, respectively. Positive shifts in DOC quality, characterized by increasing specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, ranged between +8% and +45%, but only occurred at one of the sites with significant DOC quantity increases. Basinwide reductions in atmospheric sulfate deposition did not result in large increases in DOC either, likely because of the high buffering capacity of the soil. Hydroclimatic factors including annual discharge, precipitation, and temperature did not significantly change during the 17-year timespan of this study, which contrasts with results from previous studies showing significant increases in precipitation and discharge over a century time scale. Our study also contrasts with those from smaller catchments, which have shown stronger DOC responses to climate, land use, and acidic deposition. This temporal and spatial analysis indicated that there was a potential change in DOC sources in the Mississippi River Basin between 1997 and 2013. However, the overall magnitude of DOC trends was not large, and the pattern in quantity and quality increases for the 10 study sites was not consistent throughout the basin. C1 [Stackpoole, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stets, Edward G.; Aiken, George R.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Aulenbach, Brent T.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Creed, Irena F.] Western Univ, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Hirsch, Robert M.; Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Stackpoole, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sstackpoole@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [1240593] FX National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 1240593. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 4 BP 902 EP 915 DI 10.1002/hyp.11072 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EJ9QH UT WOS:000393560800013 ER PT J AU Vetter, BJ Murchy, KA Cupp, AR Amberg, JJ Gaikowski, MP Mensinger, AF AF Vetter, Brooke J. Murchy, Kelsie A. Cupp, Aaron R. Amberg, Jon J. Gaikowski, Mark P. Mensinger, Allen F. TI Acoustic deterrence of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) to a broadband sound stimulus SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bighead carp; Broadband sound; Bioacoustics; Acoustic deterrent ID HEARING ABILITIES; ILLINOIS RIVER; ASIAN CARP; SYSTEM; PADDLEFISH; MOLITRIX; FISHES; NOISE; USA AB Recent studies have shown the potential of acoustic deterrents against invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). This study examined the phonotaxic response of the bighead carp (H. nobilis) to pure tones (500-2000 Hz) and playbacks of broadband sound from an underwater recording of a 100 hp outboard motor (0.06-10 kHz) in an outdoor concrete pond (10 x 5 x 1.2 m) at the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center in La Crosse, WI. The number of consecutive times the fish reacted to sound from alternating locations at each end of the pond was assessed. Bighead carp were relatively indifferent to the pure tones with median consecutive responses ranging from 0 to 2 reactions away from the sound source. However, fish consistently exhibited significantly (P < 0.001) greater negative phonotaxis to the broadband sound (outboard motor recording) with an overall median response of 20 consecutive reactions during the 10 min trials. In over 50% of broadband sound tests, carp were still reacting to the stimulus at the end of the trial, implying that fish were not habituating to the sound. This study suggests that broadband sound may be an effective deterrent to bighead carp and provides a basis for conducting studies with wild fish. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vetter, Brooke J.; Murchy, Kelsie A.; Mensinger, Allen F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 1035 Kirby Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Cupp, Aaron R.; Amberg, Jon J.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Vetter, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, 1035 Kirby Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM vett0114@d.umn.edu OI Cupp, Aaron/0000-0001-5995-2100 FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund [101-D]; US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We would like to thank the UMESC staff and interns for their assistance with this project. Funding was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund (ID # 101-D: Bioacoustics to Detect, Deter and Eliminate Flying Carp) and resources for the USGS component of the research were provided through the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area Invasive Species Program and from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 43 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.11.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EJ5JW UT WOS:000393255300016 ER PT J AU Dawson, HA Bravener, G Beaulaurier, J Johnson, NS Twohey, M McLaughlin, RL Brenden, TO AF Dawson, Heather A. Bravener, Gale Beaulaurier, Joshua Johnson, Nicholas S. Twohey, Michael McLaughlin, Robert L. Brenden, Travis O. TI Contribution of manipulable and non-manipulable environmental factors to trapping efficiency of invasive sea lamprey SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea lamprey; Trapping; Behavior; Invasive species; Laurentian Great Lakes ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; FISH PASSAGE; GREAT-LAKES; PHEROMONE; TRAPS; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENT; BARRIERS; BEHAVIOR AB We identified aspects of the trapping process that afforded opportunities for improving trap efficiency of invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in a Great Lake's tributary. Capturing a sea lamprey requires it to encounter the trap, enter, and be retained until removed. Probabilities of these events depend on the interplay between sea lamprey behavior, environmental conditions, and trap design. We first tested how strongly seasonal patterns in daily trap catches (a measure of trapping success) were related to nightly rates of trap encounter, entry, and retention (outcomes of sea lamprey behavior). We then tested the degree to which variation in rates of trap encounter, entry, and retention were related to environmental features that control agents can manipulate (attractant pheromone addition, discharge) and features agents cannot manipulate (water temperature, season), but could be used as indicators for when to increase trapping effort. Daily trap catch was most strongly associated with rate of encounter. Relative and absolute measures of predictive strength for environmental factors that managers could potentially manipulate were low, suggesting that opportunities to improve trapping success by manipulating factors that affect rates of encounter, entry, and retention are limited. According to results at this trap, more sea lamprey would be captured by increasing trapping effort early in the season when sea lamprey encounter rates with traps are high. The approach used in this study could be applied to trapping of other invasive or valued species. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dawson, Heather A.; Beaulaurier, Joshua] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, 264 Murchie Sci Bldg,303 E Kearsley St, Flint, MI 48502 USA. [Bravener, Gale] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 1219 Queen St East Sault Ste, Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Beaulaurier, Joshua; Twohey, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn,3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn,11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [McLaughlin, Robert L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Brenden, Travis O.] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, UPLA Room 101,375 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dawson, HA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, 264 Murchie Sci Bldg,303 E Kearsley St, Flint, MI 48502 USA. EM hdawson@umflint.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [14757] FX We thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for funding support [grant number 14757] and employees of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Michigan State University, and U.S. Geological Survey for assistance collecting the video. We thank University of Michigan-Flint students for quantifying sea lamprey behavior. Mention of trademark names does not infer endorsement by the U.S. federal government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This article is contribution number 2017-01 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 43 IS 1 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.10.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EJ5JW UT WOS:000393255300017 ER PT J AU O'Connor, LM Pratt, TC Steeves, TB Stephens, B Boogaard, M Kaye, C AF O'Connor, Lisa M. Pratt, Thomas C. Steeves, Todd B. Stephens, Brian Boogaard, Michael Kaye, Cheryl TI In situ assessment of lampricide toxicity to age-0 lake sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age-0 lake sturgeon; Lampricide toxicity; TFM; TFM/niclosamide; Lake sturgeon survival ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; GREAT-LAKES; TFM AB The lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are used to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an invasive species in the Great Lakes. Age-0 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), a species of conservation concern, share similar stream habitats with larval sea lampreys and these streams can be targeted for lampricide applications on a 3- to 5-year cycle. Previous laboratory research found that lake sturgeon smaller than 100 mm could be susceptible to lampricide treatments. We conducted stream-side toxicity (bioassay) and in situ studies in conjunction with 10 lampricide applications in nine Great Lakes tributaries to determine whether sea lamprey treatments could result in in situ age-0 lake sturgeon mortality, and developed a logistic model to help predict lake sturgeon survival during future treatments. In the bioassays the observed concentrations where no lake sturgeon mortality occurred (no observable effect concentration, NOEC) were at or greater than the observed sea lamprey minimum lethal concentration (MLC or LC99) in 7 of 10 tests. We found that the mean in situ survival of age-0 lake sturgeon during 10 lampricide applications was 80%, with a range of 45-100% survival within streams. Modeling indicated that in age-0 lake sturgeon survival was negatively correlated with absolute TFM concentration and stream alkalinity, and positively correlated with stream pH and temperature. Overall survival was higher than expected based on previous research, and we expect that these data will help managers with decisions on the trade-offs between sea lamprey control and the effect on stream-specific populations of age-0 lake sturgeon. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, Lisa M.; Pratt, Thomas C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Steeves, Todd B.; Stephens, Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Boogaard, Michael] US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Kaye, Cheryl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP O'Connor, LM (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM lisa.oconnor@dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Boogaard, Michael/0000-0002-5192-8437 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Assistance Program [2010_PRA_00389] FX The authors would like to thank everyone who assisted with larval sturgeon rearing and field work for this project: Doug Aloisi, Joe Hunter, Keely Lefebvre, Jeff Strohm, Barry Scotland, Rebecca Gannon and Nick Schloesser. USFWS and DFO treatment crew personnel were instrumental to the success of this project. The research was partly funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Assistance Program (2010_PRA_00389). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 43 IS 1 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.10.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EJ5JW UT WOS:000393255300019 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Munoz, L Muller, A Andres, SL Martin, RF Modreski, PJ de Moura, OJM AF Sanchez-Munoz, Luis Muller, Axel Lopez Andres, Sol Martin, Robert F. Modreski, Peter J. de Moura, Odulio J. M. TI The P-Fe diagram for K-feldspars: A preliminary approach in the discrimination of pegmatites SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE K-feldspar; Pegmatites Perthite; Trace elements; LA-ICP-MS data; P-Fe diagram ID ELEMENT GRANITIC PEGMATITES; COLDWELL ALKALINE COMPLEX; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; POTASSIUM FELDSPARS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; EVOLUTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY AB Pegmatites are extremely coarse-grained and heterogeneous rocks in which quantitative measurements of mineral proportions and chemical compositions of the whole rock are virtually impossible to acquire. Thus, conventional criteria such as bulk compositions and modal mineralogy used for the classifications of igneous rocks simply cannot be applied for pegmatites. An alternative is to use the mineralogical and chemical attributes of K-rich feldspars, the only mineral that is omnipresent in pegmatites. We have used this approach to test a possible discriminant among four groups of pegmatites on the basis of major petrological features, such as the abundance of quartz, feldspars, micas and phosphates. Group I is represented by relatively flux-poor, and silica-poor pegmatites, in most cases with hypersolvus feldspars, devoid of quartz and with minor biotite, which are common in rift settings as in the Coldwell Alkaline Complex in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Group II comprises relatively flux-poor, silica-rich pegmatites with quartz, subsolvus feldspars and biotite as major primary minerals, typically occurring in the asymmetric collisional Grenville Orogeny. Group III comprises relatively flux-rich, silica-rich P-poor pegmatites with quartz, subsolvus feldspars, and muscovite as the major primary minerals. Finally, group IV consists of relatively flux-rich, silica-rich, P-rich pegmatites with the same previous major minerals as in group III but with abundant phosphates. Group III and IV are found in most symmetric collisional orogens, such as in the Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province as the result of the collision of cratons mainly formed by igneous and metamorphic rock of Archean and Early Proterozoic age. We have selected specimens of blocky perthitic K-rich feldspar from the inner part of thirty-one pegmatites belonging to these four categories occurring worldwide to cover a wide range of mineralogy, geological age, geotectonic setting and geographical positions. Concentrations of major elements (Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti and P) were obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and those of minor and trace elements (P, Fe, Li, Ge, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ba, TI, Pb, Y, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were established by laser -ablation inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), in areas free of coarse Na-feldspar veins or patches. We show that the four groups have very different average values of the minor and trace elements. However, only the cations occupying tetrahedral sites, particularly the Fe and P, are sufficiently immobile to show distinct differences among pegmatites. Hence, we propose a P-Fe diagram to discriminate among the four groups of pegmatites, as a possible criterion with which to classify pegmatites. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanchez-Munoz, Luis] CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Kelsen 5, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Muller, Axel] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Muller, Axel] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lopez Andres, Sol] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Geol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Martin, Robert F.] McGill Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Modreski, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [de Moura, Odulio J. M.] Governador Valadares, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Sanchez-Munoz, L (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Kelsen 5, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM lsm@icv.csic.es FU [MAT2013-48009-C4-1-P] FX We thank B. Ronald Frost of the University of Wyoming in Laramie for his assistance in the field while sampling of Funny Hill pegmatite (specimen FH1) in Wyoming, USA, used in this work; to Victor Ye Zagorsky (1942-2015) and V.M. Makagon from Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry (Irkutsk, Russia) for samples ZAG and Et1317. We are grateful to an anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions and comments, and to the Editor-in-Chief Nelson Eby, and Skip Simmons for their help in improving the quality of this manuscript. The study was partially financially supported by the project MAT2013-48009-C4-1-P. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD FEB PY 2017 VL 272 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.10.030 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EJ5NS UT WOS:000393265600008 ER PT J AU Lowe, WH Kovach, RP Allendorf, FW AF Lowe, Winsor H. Kovach, Ryan P. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Population Genetics and Demography Unite Ecology and Evolution SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEX DETERMINATION; SPATIAL SCALE; ISLE ROYALE; DYNAMICS; ADAPTATION; FLOW AB The interplay of ecology and evolution has been a rich area of research for decades. A surge of interest in this area was catalyzed by the observation that evolution by natural selection can operate at the same contemporary timescales as ecological dynamics. Specifically, recent eco-evolutionary research focuses on how rapid adaptation influences ecology, and vice versa. Evolution by non adaptive forces also occurs quickly, with ecological consequences, but understanding the full scope of ecology-evolution (eco-evo) interactions requires explicitly addressing population-level processes - genetic and demographic. We show the strong ecological effects of non-adaptive evolutionary forces and, more broadly, the value of population-level research for gaining a mechanistic understanding of eco-evo interactions. The breadth of eco-evolutionary research should expand to incorporate the breadth of evolution itself. C1 [Lowe, Winsor H.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Lowe, WH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM winsor.lowe@umontana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1050459, DEB-1258203]; US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship FX We thank Dave Tallmon, Mike Lynch, Tim Coulson, Rolf Peterson, John Vuc,etich, and Kara Cromwell for their help and advice, and four anonymous reviewers for detailed comments that improved this manuscript. Funding is from National Science Foundation grants DEB-1050459 and DEB-1258203. R.P.K. was funded by a US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship. My use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Govemment. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.002 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EJ5GO UT WOS:000393246000010 PM 28089120 ER PT J AU Schroeder, AL Martinovic-Weigelt, D Ankley, GT Lee, KE Garcia-Reyero, N Perkins, EJ Schoenfuss, HL Villeneuve, DL AF Schroeder, Anthony L. Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalrrla Ankley, Gerald T. Lee, Kathy E. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Perkins, Edward J. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. Villeneuve, Daniel L. TI Prior knowledge-based approach for associating contaminants with biological effects: A case study in the St. Croix River basin, MN, WI, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Contaminants; Chemical mixtures; Chemical-gene interactions; Comparative toxicogenomics database; Adverse outcome pathway ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT DATA; FATHEAD MINNOWS; GENE-EXPRESSION; WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS; IN-VITRO; MANAGEMENT; MINNESOTA; CHEMICALS AB Evaluating potential adverse effects of complex chemical mixtures in the environment is challenging. One way to address that challenge is through more integrated analysis of chemical monitoring and biological effects data. In the present study, water samples from five locations near two municipal wastewater treatment plants in the St. Croix River basin, on the border of MN and WI, USA, were analyzed for 127 organic contaminants. Known chemical-gene interactions were used to develop site specific knowledge assembly models (KAMs) and formulate hypotheses concerning possible biological effects associated with chemicals detected in water samples from each location. Additionally, hepatic gene expression data were collected for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed in situ, for 12 d, at each location. Expression data from oligonucleotide microarrays were analyzed to identify functional annotation terms enriched among the differentially-expressed probes. The general nature of many of the terms made hypothesis formulation on the basis of the transcriptome-level response alone difficult. However, integrated analysis of the transcriptome data in the context of the site-specific KAMs allowed for evaluation of the likelihood of specific chemicals contributing to observed biological responses. Thirteen chemicals (atrazine, carbamazepine, metformin, thiabendazole, diazepam, cholesterol, p-cresol, phenytoin, omeprazole, ethyromycin, 17 beta-estradiol, cimetidine, and estrone), for which there was statistically significant concordance between occurrence at a site and expected biological response as represented in the KAM, were identified. While not definitive, the approach provides a line of evidence for evaluating potential cause-effect relationships between components of a complex mixture of contaminants and biological effects data, which can inform subsequent monitoring and investigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schroeder, Anthony L.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Water Resources Ctr, 1985 Lower Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Schroeder, Anthony L.; Ankley, Gerald T.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalrrla] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Mail OWS 390,2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Lee, Kathy E.] US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Perkins, Edward J.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Genom Biocomp & Biotechnol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB 273, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Villeneuve.dan@epa.gov OI Schoenfuss, Heiko/0000-0001-5464-992X FU USGS; National Science Foundation [CBET-1336062/1336165/1336604]; National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program, US EPA (Office of Research and Development's Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research Program); National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program, US EPA (Region 5, Great Lakes National Program Office) FX Support by the USGS and National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program, US EPA (Office of Research and Development's Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research Program, and Region 5, Great Lakes National Program Office), and National Science Foundation (CBET-1336062/1336165/1336604 to DM-W). We thank Sarah Elliott, Jeffery Ziegeweid, and Brent Mason at USGS for their field support; and Byron Karns at NPS for logistical support. We thank Maya Peters, Jackie Heitzman, Abigail Lukowicz, Evan Eid, Kyle Stevens, Jenna Cavallin, Megan Hughes, Krysta Nelson, Rebecca Milsk, Travis Saari, and Eric Randolph for help with network development. We thank Lynn Escalon for microarray analysis. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The contents neither constitute, nor necessarily reflect, US EPA policy. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 221 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI8OV UT WOS:000392767900045 PM 27939634 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM Austin, SH AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. Austin, Samuel H. TI Variability of runoff-based drought conditions in the conterminous United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; climatic change; climate variability ID 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT; TRENDS AB In this study, a monthly water-balance model is used to simulate monthly runoff for 2109 hydrologic units (HUs) in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for water-years 1901 through 2014. The monthly runoff time series for each HU were smoothed with a 3-month moving average, and then the 3-month moving-average runoff values were converted to percentiles. For each HU, a drought was considered to occur when the HU runoff percentile dropped to the 20th percentile or lower. A drought was considered to end when the HU runoff percentile exceeded the 20th percentile. After identifying drought events for each HU, the frequency and length of drought events were examined. Results indicated that (1) the longest mean drought lengths occur in the eastern CONUS and parts of the Rocky Mountain region and the northwestern CONUS, (2) the frequency of drought is highest in the southwestern and central CONUS, and lowest in the eastern CONUS, the Rocky Mountain region, and the northwestern CONUS, (3) droughts have occurred during all months of the year and there does not appear to be a seasonal pattern to drought occurrence, (4) the variability of precipitation appears to have been the principal climatic factor determining drought, and (5) for most of the CONUS, drought frequency appears to have decreased during the 1901 through 2014 period. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. [Austin, Samuel H.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1014 EP 1021 DI 10.1002/joc.4756 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ7PQ UT WOS:000393415100034 ER PT J AU Paytan, A Roberts, K Watson, S Peek, S Chuang, PC Defforey, D Kendall, C AF Paytan, Adina Roberts, Kathryn Watson, Sue Peek, Sara Chuang, Pei-Chuan Defforey, Delphine Kendall, Carol TI Internal loading of phosphate in Lake Erie Central Basin SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Phosphorus flux; Sediments; Oxygen isotopes of phosphate ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PHOSPHORUS LOAD; DREISSENID MUSSELS; RE-EUTROPHICATION; MESOTROPHIC LAKE; TEMPORAL TRENDS; PRECISE METHOD; WATER-QUALITY; GREAT-LAKES; SEDIMENTS AB After significant reductions in external phosphorus (P) loads, and subsequent water quality improvements in the early 1980s, the water quality of Lake Erie has declined considerably over the past decade. The frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (primarily in the western basin) and the extent of hypoxic bottom waters in the central basin have increased. The decline in ecosystem health, despite meeting goals for external P loads, has sparked a renewed effort to understand P cycling in the lake. We use pore-water P concentration profiles and sediment cores incubation experiments to quantify the P flux from Lake Erie central basin sediments. In addition, the oxygen isotopes of phosphate were investigated to assess the isotopic signature of sedimentary phosphate inputs relative to the isotopic signature of phosphate in lake water. Extrapolating the total P sediment flux based on the pore-water profiles to the whole area of the central basin ranged from 300 to 1250 metric tons per year and using the flux based on core incubation experiments an annual flux of roughly 2400 metric tons of P is calculated. These estimates amount to 8-20% of the total external input of P to Lake Erie. The isotopic signature of phosphate in the extractable fraction of the sediments (similar to 18%) can explain the non-equilibrium isotope values of dissolved phosphate in the deep water of the central basin of Lake Erie, and this is consistent with sediments as an important internal source of P in the Lake. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paytan, Adina; Roberts, Kathryn; Chuang, Pei-Chuan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Watson, Sue] Water Sci & Technol Environm & Climate Change Can, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. [Peek, Sara; Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Defforey, Delphine] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Paytan, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM apaytan@ucsc.edu FU Environment and Climate Change Canada: Great Lakes Nutrient Initiative; NSF [1019467] FX Work by the Watson Lab was supported by the Environment and Climate Change Canada: Great Lakes Nutrient Initiative.; Work by the Paytan Lab was supported by NSF 1019467. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1356 EP 1365 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.133 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400034 PM 27923579 ER PT J AU Means, MM Ahn, C Noe, GB AF Means, Mary M. Ahn, Changwoo Noe, Gregory B. TI Planting richness affects the recovery of vegetation and soil processes in constructed wetlands following disturbance SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Planting richness; Constructed wetlands; Ecosystem resilience; Plant morphology; Denitrification; Soil biogeochemistry ID CREATED MITIGATION WETLANDS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLANDS; DENITRIFICATION RATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; RIVERINE WETLANDS; NUTRIENT CONTENT; CLIMAX FOREST AB The resilience of constructed wetland ecosystems to severe disturbance, such as a mass herbivory eat-out or soil disturbance, remains poorly understood. In this study, we use a controlled mesocosm experiment to examine how original planting diversity affects the ability of constructed freshwater wetlands to recover structurally and functionally after a disturbance (i.e., aboveground harvesting and soil coring). We assessed if the planting richness of macrophyte species influences recovery of constructed wetlands one year after a disturbance. Mesocosms were planted in richness groups with various combinations of either 1, 2, 3, or 4 species (RG 1-4) to create a gradient of richness. Structural wetland traits measured include morphological regrowth of macro-phytes, soil bulk density, soil moisture, soil %C, and soil %N. Functional wetland traits measured include above ground biomass production, soil potential denitrification, and soil potential microbial respiration. Total mesocosm cover increased along the gradient of plant richness (43.5% in RG 1 to 84.5% in RG 4) in the growing season after the disturbance, although not all planted individuals recovered. This was largely attributed to the dominance of the obligate annual species. The morphology of each species was affected negatively by the disturbance, producing shorter, and fewer stems than in the years prior to the disturbance, suggesting that the communities had not fully recovered one year after the disturbance. Soil characteristics were almost uniform across the planting richness gradient, but for a few exceptions (%C, C: N, and non-growing season soil moisture were higher slightly in RG 2). Denitrification potential (DEA) increased with increasing planting richness and was influenced by the abundance and quality of soil C. Increased open space in unplanted mesocosms and mesocosms with lower species richness increased labile C, leading to higher C mineralization rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Means, Mary M.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ahn, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cahn@gmu.edu FU Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund [222101]; Virginia Academy of Sciences small project research grant; Mason 4-VA grant; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This research was sponsored by the Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund (222101), a Virginia Academy of Sciences small project research grant, and Mason 4-VA grant, and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. We are grateful to EVPP 378 Ecological Sustainability class students (both in 2012 and 2013) for their assistance with the installation and planting of the experimental mesocosms. Special thanks to Dr. Paul Keddy for his advice for selecting planting richness groups and species for study. We would also like to thank Jillian Brooks for her assistance with the bi-weekly morphometric measurements during the growing season of 2014. Thanks also go to Alicia Korol who has collected the data for the two growing seasons prior to disturbance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1366 EP 1378 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.134 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400035 PM 27914638 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST AF Kolpin, Dana W. Furlong, Edward T. Glassmeyer, Susan T. TI An introduction to joint research by the USEPA and USGS on contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269 Fed Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269 Fed Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1608 EP 1609 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.052 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400060 PM 28040192 ER PT J AU Conley, JM Evans, N Mash, H Rosenblum, L Schenck, K Glassmeyer, S Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Wilson, VS AF Conley, Justin M. Evans, Nicola Mash, Heath Rosenblum, Laura Schenck, Kathleen Glassmeyer, Susan Furlong, Ed T. Kolpin, Dana W. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Comparison of in vitro estrogenic activity and estrogen concentrations in source and treated waters from 25 US drinking water treatment plants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Effect-based monitoring; In vitro bioassay; Drinking water; Estrogen; Water quality; T47D-KBluc ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; STEROID ESTROGENS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; STABLY EXPRESSES; FATHEAD MINNOWS; WASTE-WATER; CELL-LINE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; FISH; CONTAMINANTS AB In vitro bioassays have been successfully used to screen for estrogenic activity in wastewater and surface water, however, few have been applied to treated drinking water. Here, extracts of source and treated water samples were assayed for estrogenic activity using T47D-KBluc cells and analyzed by liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LC-FTMS) for natural and synthetic estrogens (including estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, and ethinyl estradiol). None of the estrogens were detected above the LC-FTMS quantification limits in treated samples and only 5 source waters had quantifiable concentrations of estrone, whereas 3 treated samples and 16 source samples displayed in vitro estrogenicity. Estrone accounted for the majority of estrogenic activity in respective samples, however the remaining samples that displayed estrogenic activity had no quantitative detections of known estrogenic compounds by chemical analyses. Source water estrogenicity (max, 0.47 ng 17 beta-estradiol equivalents (E2Eq)L-1) was below levels that have been linked to adverse effects in fish and other aquatic organisms. Treated water estrogenicity (max, 0.078 ng E2Eq L-1) was considerably below levels that are expected to be biologically relevant to human consumers. Overall, the advantage of using in vitro techniques in addition to analytical chemical determinations was displayed by the sensitivity of the T47D-KBluc bioassay, coupled with the ability to measure cumulative effects of mixtures, specifically when unknown chemicals may be present. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Conley, Justin M.; Evans, Nicola; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Tox Assessment Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Conley, Justin M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mash, Heath; Schenck, Kathleen] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rosenblum, Laura] CB&I Fed Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Glassmeyer, Susan] US EPA, Microbial & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Furlong, Ed T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, B105-04,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov OI Conley, Justin M./0000-0002-6622-5769; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU USEPA [DW14922330]; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8 FX The authors declare no competing financial interest. The information in this document has been funded partially or wholly by the USEPA. The research described in this article has been funded in part by the USEPA through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the USGS, and through programmatic support of the USGS' Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under USEPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. This document has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank all participating DWTPs for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. The authors would also like to thank Earl Gray (USEPA) and Dan Villeneuve (USEPA) for feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript. JMC was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, USEPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USEPA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1610 EP 1617 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.093 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400061 PM 26936661 ER PT J AU Batt, AL Furlong, ET Mash, HE Glassmeyer, ST Kolpin, DW AF Batt, Angela L. Furlong, Edward T. Mash, Heath E. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Kolpin, Dana W. TI The importance of quality control in validating concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking water samples SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Contaminants of emerging concern; Drinking water; Source water; Mass spectrometry ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; WASTE-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; DIRECT-INJECTION; SURFACE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; MS/MS; SUBSTANCES AB A national-scale survey of 247 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including organic and inorganic chemical compounds, and microbial contaminants, was conducted in source and treated drinking water samples from 25 treatment plants across the United States. Multiple methods were used to determine these CECs, including six analytical methods to measure 174 pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. A three-component quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program was designed for the subset of 174 CECs which allowed us to assess and compare performances of the methods used. The three components included: 1) a common field QA/QC protocol and sample design, 2) individual investigator-developed method-specific QA/QC protocols, and 3) a suite of 46 method comparison analytes that were determined in two or more analytical methods. Overall method performance for the 174 organic chemical CECs was assessed by comparing spiked recoveries in reagent, source, and treated water over a two-year period. In addition to the 247 CECs reported in the larger drinking water study, another 48 pharmaceutical compounds measured did not consistently meet predetermined quality standards. Methodologies that did not seem suitable for these analytes are overviewed. The need to exclude analytes based on method performance demonstrates the importance of additional QA/QC protocols. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batt, Angela L.; Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] USGS, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mash, Heath E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] USGS, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269 Fed Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Batt, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM batt.angela@epa.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; mash.heath@epa.gov; glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW14922330]; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8 FX The authors declare no competing financial interest. The information in this document has been funded partially or wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the U.S. Geological Survey, and through programmatic support of the USGSToxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under EPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This manuscript has been reviewed in accordance with USEPA policy and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views or policies of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. This document has also been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank all participating drinking water treatment plants for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. The authors would like to acknowledge Laura J. Coffey, Michael Eastham, Hayden Miracle, Mary C. Noriega, Laura Rosenblum, and Sarah Watson for their assistance in sample preparation and/or data analysis. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1618 EP 1628 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.127 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400062 PM 28040193 ER PT J AU Furlong, ET Batt, AL Glassmeyer, ST Noriega, MC Kolpin, DW Mash, H Schenck, KM AF Furlong, Edward T. Batt, Angela L. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Noriega, Mary C. Kolpin, Dana W. Mash, Heath Schenck, Kathleen M. TI Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States: Pharmaceuticals SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Contaminants of emerging concern; Drinking water; Source water; Treated water ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; WASTE-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PERSISTENCE; LITHIUM; ENVIRONMENT; INDICATORS; PLANT; US AB Mobile and persistent chemicals that are present in urban wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, may survive on-site or municipal wastewater treatment and post-discharge environmental processes. These pharmaceuticals have the potential to reach surface and groundwaters, essential drinking-water sources. A joint, two-phase U.S. Geological Survey-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study examined source and treated waters from 25 drinking-water treatment plants from across the United States. Treatment plants that had probable wastewater inputs to their source waters were selected to assess the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in such source waters, and to identify which pharmaceuticals persist through drinking-water treatment. All samples were analyzed for 24 pharmaceuticals in Phase I and for 118 in Phase II. In Phase I, 11 pharmaceuticals were detected in all source-water samples, with a maximum of nine pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample. The median number of pharmaceuticals for all 25 samples was five. Quantifiable pharmaceutical detections were fewer, with a maximum of five pharmaceuticals in any one sample and a median for all samples of two. In Phase II, 47 different pharmaceuticals were detected in all source-water samples, with a maximum of 41 pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample. The median number of pharmaceuticals for all 25 samples was eight. For 37 quantifiable pharmaceuticals in Phase II, median concentrations in source water were below 113 ng/L. For both Phase I and Phase II campaigns, substantially fewer pharmaceuticals were detected in treated water samples than in corresponding source-water samples. Seven different pharmaceuticals were detected in all Phase I treated water samples, with a maximum of four detections in any one sample and a median of two pharmaceuticals for all samples. In Phase II a total of 26 different pharmaceuticals were detected in all treated water samples, with a maximum of 20 pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample and a median of 2 pharmaceuticals detected for all 25 samples. Source-water type influences the presence of pharmaceuticals in source and treated water. Treatment processes appear effective in reducing concentrations of most pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals more consistently persisting through treatment include carbamazepine, bupropion, cotinine, metoprolol, and lithium. Pharmaceutical concentrations and compositions from this study provide an important base data set for further sublethal, long-term exposure assessments, and for understanding potential effects of these and other contaminants of emerging concern upon human and ecosystem health. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Furlong, Edward T.; Noriega, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Batt, Angela L.; Glassmeyer, Susan T.; Mash, Heath; Schenck, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW14922330]; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8 FX The authors declare no competing financial interest. The information in this document has been funded partially or wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the U.S. Geological Survey, and through programmatic support of the USGS' Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under USEPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the National Exposure Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. This document has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank all participating DWTPs for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. The authors would also like to thank the following personnel for sample and data analysis assistance: Steve Werner, Laura Coffey, and Laura Rosenblum. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1629 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.128 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400063 PM 28040194 ER PT J AU Benson, R Conerly, OD Sander, W Batt, AL Boone, JS Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST Kolping, DW Mash, HE Schenck, KM Simmons, JE AF Benson, Robert Conerly, Octavia D. Sander, William Batt, Angela L. Boone, J. Scott Furlong, Edward T. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Kolpin, Dana W. Mash, Heath E. Schenck, Kathleen M. Simmons, Jane Ellen TI Human health screening and public health significance of contaminants of emerging concern detected in public water supplies SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Drinking water; Contaminants of emerging concern; Human health; Margin of Exposure ID DRINKING-WATER; MANGANESE; MIXTURES; LITHIUM AB The source water and treated drinking water from twenty five drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) across the United States were sampled in 2010-2012. Samples were analyzed for 247 contaminants using 15 chemical and microbiological methods. Most of these contaminants are not regulated currently either in drinking water or in discharges to ambient water by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or other U.S. regulatory agencies. This analysis shows that there is little public health concern for most of the contaminants detected in treated water from the 25 DWTPs participating in this study. For vanadium, the calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) was less than the screening MOE in two DWTPs. For silicon, the calculated MOE was less than the screening MOE in one DWTP. Additional study, for example a national survey may be needed to determine the number of people ingesting vanadium and silicon above a level of concern. In addition, the concentrations of lithium found in treated water from several DWTPs are within the range previous research has suggested to have a human health effect. Additional investigation of this issue is necessary. Finally, new toxicological data suggest that exposure to manganese at levels in public water supplies may present a public health concern which will require a robust assessment of this information. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Benson, Robert] US EPA, Reg 8,1595 Wynkoop, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Conerly, Octavia D.] US EPA, Off Water Off Sci & Technol, William Jefferson Clinton Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sander, William] AAAS, William Jefferson Clinton Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Boone, J. Scott; Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Stennis Space Port, MS USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] USGS, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25585,Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] USGS, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, POB 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Mash, Heath E.; Schenck, Kathleen M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sander, William] Booz Allen Hamilton, 8209 Terminal Rd, Lorton, VA 22079 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] Mississippi State Chem Lab, 310 President Circle,POB CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Benson, R (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8,1595 Wynkoop, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM Benson.bob@epa.gov; Conerly.octavia@epa.gov; Sander_William@bah.com; Batt.angela@epa.gov; sboone@mscl.msstate.edu; Efurlong@usgs.gov; Glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; mash.heath@epa.gov; schenck.kathleen@epa.gov; Simmons.jane@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW14922330]; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8 FX The authors declare no competing financial interest. The information in this document has been funded partially or wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the U.S. Geological Survey, and through programmatic support of the USGS' Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under USEPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This manuscript has been subjected to review by the USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and by the USEPA Office of Water and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. This document has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank all participating DWTPs for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1643 EP 1648 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.146 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400064 PM 28040195 ER PT J AU Kostich, MS Flick, RW Batt, AL Mash, HE Boone, JS Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Glassmeyer, ST AF Kostich, Mitchell S. Flick, Robert W. Batt, Angela L. Mash, Heath E. Boone, J. Scott Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Glassmeyer, Susan T. TI Aquatic concentrations of chemical analytes compared to ecotoxicity estimates SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Contaminant; Hazard; Aquatic ID ACUTE TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; METALS; MODEL; PHARMACEUTICALS; PHOSPHORUS; SURVIVAL; NITRATE; FISH AB We describe screening level estimates of potential aquatic toxicity posed by 227 chemical analytes that were measured in 25 ambient water samples collected as part of a joint USGS/USEPA drinking water plant study. Measured concentrations were compared to biological effect concentration (EC) estimates, including USEPA aquatic life criteria, effective plasma concentrations of pharmaceuticals, published toxicity data summarized in the USEPA ECOTOX database, and chemical structure-based predictions. Potential dietary exposures were estimated using a generic 3-tiered food web accumulation scenario. For many analytes, few or no measured effect data were found, and for some analytes, reporting limits exceeded EC estimates, limiting the scope of conclusions. Results suggest occasional occurrence above ECs for copper, aluminum, strontium, lead, uranium, and nitrate. Sparse effect data for manganese, antimony, and vanadium suggest that these analytes may occur above ECs, but additional effect data would be desirable to corroborate EC estimates. These conclusions were not affected by bioaccumulation estimates. No organic analyte concentrations were found to exceed EC estimates, but ten analytes had concentrations in excess of 1/10th of their respective EC: triclocarban, norverapamil, progesterone, atrazine, metolachlor, triclosan, para-nonylphenol, ibuprofen, venlafaxine, and amitriptyline, suggesting more detailed characterization of these analytes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kostich, Mitchell S.; Flick, Robert W.] US EPA, ORD NERL EMMD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Batt, Angela L.; Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, ORD NERL SED, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mash, Heath E.] US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] US EPA, OPPTS OPP BEAD, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Mail Code 7503 ECB, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, 400 South Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] Mississippi State Chem Lab, POB CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kostich, MS (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NERL EMMD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM kostich.mitchell@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW14922330]; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8 FX The research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the U.S. Geological Survey, and through programmatic support of the USGS' Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under EPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This document has been reviewed in accordance with USEPA and USGS policy and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would like to thank all participating drinking water treatment plants for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1649 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.234 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400065 PM 28040196 ER PT J AU Elliott, SM VanderMeulen, DD AF Elliott, Sarah M. VanderMeulen, David D. TI A regional assessment of chemicals of concern in surface waters of four Midwestern United States national parks SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; US National Park; Pesticides; Pharmaceuticals; Wastewater indicators; Personal care products ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; BALD EAGLE NESTLINGS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; FLAME RETARDANTS; WASTE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; EXPOSURE; FISH AB Anthropogenic chemicals and their potential for adverse biological effects raise concern for aquatic ecosystem health in protected areas. During 2013-15, surface waters of four Midwestern United States national parks were sampled and analyzed for wastewater indicators, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. More chemicals and higher concentrations were detected at the two parks with greater urban influences (Mississippi National River and Recreation Area and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore) than at the two more remote parks (Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and Isle Royale National Park). Atrazine (10-15 ng/L) and N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (16-120 ng/L) were the only chemicals detected in inland lakes of a remote island national park (Isle Royale National Park). Bisphenol A and organophosphate flame retardants were commonly detected at the other sampled parks. Gabapentin and simazine had the highest observed concentrations (>1000 ng/L) in three and two samples, respectively. At the two parks with urban influences, metolachlor and simazine concentrations were similar to those reported for other major urban rivers in the United States. Environmental concentrations of detected chemicals were often orders of magnitude less than standards or reference values with three exceptions: (1) hydrochlorothiazide exceeded a human health-based screening value in seven samples, (2) estrone exceeded a predicted critical environmental concentration for fish pharmacological effects in one sample, and (3) simazine was approaching the 4000 ng/L Maximum Contaminant Level in one sample even though this concentration is not expected to reflect peak pesticide use. Although few environmental concentrations were approaching or exceeded standards or reference values, concentrations were often in ranges reported to elicit effects in aquatic biota. Data from this study will assist in establishing a baseline for chemicals of concern in Midwestern national parks and highlight the need to better understand the sources, pathways, and potential adverse effects to aquatic systems in national parks. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Elliott, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [VanderMeulen, David D.] Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, 2800 Lakeshore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Elliott, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM selliott@usgs.gov OI Elliott, Sarah/0000-0002-1414-3024 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; Environmental Protection Agency [322, P14PG00436] FX This report was prepared with funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, Environmental Protection Agency Project Number 322, under Interagency Agreement Number P14PG00436 between the National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Water Science Center. In-kind chemical analyses of samples were provided by K. Dahlin and colleagues at the EPA Region 8 analytical laboratory in Golden, Colorado. National Park Service field staff were critical to the execution of the study: M. Prosser, R. Damstra, and J. Dickey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1726 EP 1735 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.114 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400073 PM 27932214 ER PT J AU Cozzarelli, IM Skalak, KJ Kent, DB Engle, MA Benthem, A Mumford, AC Haase, K Farag, A Harper, D Nagel, SC Iwanowicz, LR Orem, WH Akob, DM Jaeschke, JB Galloway, J Kohler, M Stoliker, DL Jolly, GD AF Cozzarelli, I. M. Skalak, K. J. Kent, D. B. Engle, M. A. Benthem, A. Mumford, A. C. Haase, K. Farag, A. Harper, D. Nagel, S. C. Iwanowicz, L. R. Orem, W. H. Akob, D. M. Jaeschke, J. B. Galloway, J. Kohler, M. Stoliker, D. L. Jolly, G. D. TI Environmental signatures and effects of an oil and gas wastewater spill in the Williston Basin, North Dakota SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Unconventional oil and gas production; Wastewaters; Brine spills; Tight oil production; Williston Basin; Bakken Formation; Endocrine disrupting activity ID HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUIDS; SHALE GAS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MARCELLUS SHALE; WEST-VIRGINIA; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; UNCONVENTIONAL OIL; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ACUTE TOXICITY; UNITED-STATES AB Wastewaters from oil and gas development pose largely unknown risks to environmental resources. In January 2015, 11.4 ML (million liters) of wastewater (300 g/L TDS) from oil production in the Williston Basin was reported to have leaked from a pipeline, spilling into Blacktail Creek, North Dakota. Geochemical and biological samples were collected in February and June 2015 to identify geochemical signatures of spilled wastewaters as well as biological responses along a 44-km river reach. February water samples had elevated chloride (1030 mg/L) and bromide (7.8 mg/L) downstream from the spill, compared to upstream levels (11 mg/L and <0.4 mg/L, respectively). Lithium (0.25 mg/L), boron (1.75 mg/L) and strontium (7.1 mg/L) were present downstream at 5-10 times upstream concentrations. Light hydrocarbon measurements indicated a persistent thermogenic source of methane in the stream. Semi-volatile hydrocarbons indicative of oil were not detected in filtered samples but low levels, including tetramethylbenzenes and di-methylnaphthalenes, were detected in unfiltered water samples downstream from the spill. Labile sediment-bound barium and strontium concentrations (June 2015) were higher downstream from the Spill Site. Radium activities in sediment downstream from the Spill Site were up to 15 times the upstream activities and, combined with Sr isotope ratios, suggest contributions from the pipeline fluid and support the conclusion that elevated concentrations in Blacktail Creek water are from the leaking pipeline. Results from June 2015 demonstrate the persistence of wastewater effects in Blacktail Creek several months after remediation efforts started. Aquatic health effects were observed in June 2015; fish bioassays showed only 2.5% survival at 7.1 km downstream from the spill compared to 89% at the upstream reference site. Additional potential biological impacts were indicated by estrogenic inhibition in downstream waters. Our findings demonstrate that environmental signatures from wastewater spills are persistent and create the potential for long-term environmental health effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cozzarelli, I. M.; Skalak, K. J.; Benthem, A.; Mumford, A. C.; Haase, K.; Akob, D. M.; Jaeschke, J. B.; Jolly, G. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kent, D. B.; Kohler, M.; Stoliker, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Engle, M. A.; Orem, W. H.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Farag, A.; Harper, D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Nagel, S. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Iwanowicz, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Galloway, J.] US Geol Survey, North Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM icozzare@usgs.gov FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Energy Resources Program; USGS Fisheries Program FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, USGS Energy Resources Program, and the USGS Fisheries Program. The authors are grateful to Joanna Thamke and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The authors would like to thank Matthew Olson, Bill Damschen, and Robert Lundgren for assistance in the field, Katherine Akstin, Kalla Fleger, Meagan Mnich, Michael Doughten, and Tracey Spencer for laboratory assistance, and John Swiecichowski for assistance with tables. We would like to thank John M. Besser and Chris D. Ivey for conducting invertebrate sediment bioassays and statistical interpretations of the data. Sincere thanks to Jenn Cornelius Green and Chris Kassotis for their work to process water samples and test for EDC activity. In addition, we would like to thank the local landowners who allowed access to field sites. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 1781 EP 1793 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6HP UT WOS:000393320400078 PM 27939081 ER PT J AU Safak, I List, JH Warner, JC Kumar, N AF Safak, I. List, J. H. Warner, J. C. Kumar, N. TI Observations and 3D hydrodynamics-based modeling of decadal-scale shoreline change along the Outer Banks, North Carolina SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Shoreline change; Alongshore transport; Outer Banks; NC; Aerial photography; COAWST; ROMS; SWAN; Three-dimensional; Modeling; Wave modeling; Nearshore modeling; Model coupling ID LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; INNER-CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SURF ZONE; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; EMPIRICAL PREDICTIONS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SANDY BEACHES; FIRE ISLAND; WAVE; SYSTEM AB Long-term decadal-scale shoreline change is an important parameter for quantifying the stability of coastal systems. The decadal-scale coastal change is controlled by processes that occur on short time scales (such as storms) and long-term processes (such as prevailing waves). The ability to predict decadal-scale shoreline change is not well established and the fundamental physical processes controlling this change are not well understood. Here we investigate the processes that create large-scale long-term shoreline change along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, an uninterrupted 60 km stretch of coastline, using both observations and a numerical modeling approach. Shoreline positions for a 24-yr period were derived from aerial photographs of the Outer Banks. Analysis of the shoreline position data showed that, although variable, the shoreline eroded an average of 1.5 m/yr throughout this period. The modeling approach uses a three-dimensional hydrodynamics based numerical model coupled to a spectral wave model and simulates the full 24-yr time period on a spatial grid running on a short (second scale) time-step to compute the sediment transport patterns. The observations and the model results show similar magnitudes (O(10(5) m(3)/yr)) and patterns of alongshore sediment fluxes. Both the observed and the modeled alongshore sediment transport rates have more rapid changes at the north of our section due to continuously curving coastline, and possible effects of alongshore variations in shelf bathymetry. The southern section with a relatively uniform orientation, on the other hand, has less rapid transport rate changes. Alongshore gradients of the modeled sediment fluxes are translated into shoreline change rates that have agreement in some locations but vary in others. Differences between observations and model results are potentially influenced by geologic framework processes not included in the model. Both the observations and the model results show higher rates of erosion (similar to-1 m/yr) averaged over the northern half of the section as compared to the southern half where the observed and modeled averaged net shoreline changes are smaller (< 0.1 m/yr). The model indicates accretion in some shallow embayments, whereas observations indicate erosion in these locations. Further analysis identifies that the magnitude of net alongshore sediment transport is strongly dominated by events associated with high wave energy. However, both big- and small wave events cause shoreline change of the same order of magnitude because it is the gradients in transport, not the magnitude, that are controlling shoreline change. Results also indicate that alongshore momentum is not a simple balance between wave breaking and bottom stress, but also includes processes of horizontal vortex force, horizontal advection and pressure gradient that contribute to long-term alongshore sediment transport. As a comparison to a more simple approach, an empirical formulation for alongshore sediment transport is used. The empirical estimates capture the effect of the breaking term in the hydrodynamics-based model, however, other processes that are accounted for in the hydrodynamics-based model improve the agreement with the observed alongshore sediment transport. C1 [Safak, I.; List, J. H.; Warner, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kumar, N.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Safak, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM isafak@usgs.gov; jlist@usgs.gov; jcwarner@usgs.gov; nirni@uw.edu OI Safak, Ilgar/0000-0001-7675-0770 FU United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship; United States Geological Survey Coastal Change Processes Project; Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program FX The first author was supported by a United States Geological Survey Mendenhall Research Fellowship. This study was also supported by the United States Geological Survey Coastal Change Processes Project and Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 120 BP 78 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.11.014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA EI8QZ UT WOS:000392773900008 ER PT J AU Elwaseif, M Robinson, J Day-Lewis, FD Ntarlagiannis, D Slater, LD Lane, JW Minsley, BJ Schultz, G AF Elwaseif, M. Robinson, J. Day-Lewis, F. D. Ntarlagiannis, D. Slater, L. D. Lane, J. W., Jr. Minsley, B. J. Schultz, G. TI A matlab-based frequency-domain electromagnetic inversion code (FEMIC) with graphical user interface SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EM induction; Inversion; Data filtering ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; LATERALLY CONSTRAINED INVERSION; DC RESISTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM; DEPTH AB We present a new Matlab-basedi frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) inversion code (FEMIC) for analysis of datasets collected using multi-frequency EM-induction instruments. The code includes routines for data filtering and calibration, forward modeling, inverse modeling, image appraisal (i.e., calculation of the depth of investigation), and visualization. A one-dimensional forward model is assumed, but two or three dimensional lateral regularization constraints can be applied during the inversion. The code can take advantage of the parallel-processing capabilities of multi-processor computers, thus facilitating efficient inversion of large datasets. Synthetic and field examples demonstrate the operation of the FEMIC code and showcase its capabilities. Source code is provided as material supplementary to this paper to allow modifications and extensions by others. C1 [Elwaseif, M.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Ctr Environm Hydrol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Robinson, J.; Ntarlagiannis, D.; Slater, L. D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA. [Day-Lewis, F. D.; Lane, J. W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys OGW BG, Storrs, CT USA. [Elwaseif, M.] Geobridging LLC, Sheridan, WY USA. [Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schultz, G.] White River Technol, Hartford, VT USA. RP Elwaseif, M (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Ctr Environm Hydrol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM melwaseif@geobridging.us OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2111]; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program; NSF-EPSCoR program [EPS-1208909] FX The authors thank Dr. Patricia Martinelli and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program project RC-2111, the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program, and the NSF-EPSCoR program (EPS-1208909). The GEM-2 data from Twelvemile Lake, Alaska, were collected with assistance from Emily Voytek (USGS), Heather Best (USGS), Stephanie Saari (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), and Jay Nolan (Rutgers University Newark and USGS). The first two example applications of the code are provided as Supplemental Information for this paper. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 99 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.08.016 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA EI7PR UT WOS:000392690900007 ER PT J AU Verros, SA Wald, DJ Worden, CB Hearne, M Ganesh, M AF Verros, Sarah A. Wald, David J. Worden, C. Bruce Hearne, Mike Ganesh, Mahadevan TI Computing spatial correlation of ground motion intensities for ShakeMap SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Spatial variability; Successive conditional simulation; Ground motion; Parallel computing ID RESPONSE SPECTRA AB Modeling the spatial correlation of ground motion residuals, caused by coherent contributions from source, path, and site, can provide valuable loss and hazard information, as well as a more realistic depiction of ground motion intensities. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) software package, ShakeMap, utilizes a deterministic empirical approach to estimate median ground shaking in conjunction with observed seismic data. ShakeMapbased shaking estimates are used in concert with,loss estimation algorithms to estimate fatalities and economic losses after significant seismic events around the globe. Incorporating the spatial correlation of ground motion residuals has been shown to improve seismic loss estimates. In particular, Park, Bazzuro, and Baker (Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, 2007) investigated computing spatially correlated random fields of residuals. However, for large scale ShakeMap grids, computational requirements of the method are prohibitive. In this work, a memory efficient algorithm is developed to compute the random fields and implemented using the ShakeMap framework. This new, iterative parallel algorithm is based on decay properties of an associated ground motion correlation function and is shown to significantly reduce computational requirements associated with adding spatial variability to the ShakeMap ground motion estimates. Further, we demonstrate and quantify the impact of adding peak ground motion spatial variability on resulting earthquake loss estimates. C1 [Verros, Sarah A.; Wald, David J.; Worden, C. Bruce; Hearne, Mike] US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Verros, Sarah A.; Ganesh, Mahadevan] Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sarah.verros@gmail.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 99 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.11.004 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA EI7PR UT WOS:000392690900016 ER PT J AU Donato, DI AF Donato, David I. TI Simple, efficient allocation of modelling runs on heterogeneous clusters with MPI SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Bag of tasks; Load balancing; Heterogeneous cluster; Makespan; Message Passing Interface (MPI); Parallel computation; Task allocation ID DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS; TASK ASSIGNMENT AB In scientific modelling and computation, the choice of an appropriate method for allocating tasks for parallel processing depends on the computational setting and on the nature of the computation. The allocation of independent but similar computational tasks, such as modelling runs or Monte Carlo trials, among the nodes of a heterogeneous computational cluster is a special case that has not been specifically evaluated previously. A simulation study shows that a method of on-demand (that is, worker-initiated) pulling from a bag of tasks in this case leads to reliably short makespans for computational jobs despite heterogeneity both within and between cluster nodes. A simple reference implementation in the C programming language with the Message Passing Interface (MPI) is provided. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Donato, David I.] US Geol Survey, 521 USGS Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr MS 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM didonato@usgs.gov OI Donato, David/0000-0002-5412-0249 FU Land Change Science Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This article is based on work funded by the Land Change Science Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Suggestions offered by the anonymous reviewers led to substantial improvements in this article. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 88 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.11.003 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI7LQ UT WOS:000392679800005 ER PT J AU Gellis, AC Myers, MK Noe, GB Hupp, CR Schenk, ER Myers, L AF Gellis, A. C. Myers, M. K. Noe, G. B. Hupp, C. R. Schenk, E. R. Myers, L. TI Storms, channel changes, and a sediment budget for an urban-suburban stream, Difficult Run, Virginia, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urban; Sediment budget; Tropical Storm Lee; Super Storm Sandy ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATABASE; FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION; OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; EROSION; RIVER; MARYLAND; PLAIN; URBANIZATION AB Determining erosion and deposition rates in urban-suburban settings and how these processes are affected by large storms is important to understanding geomorphic processes in these landscapes. Sediment yields in the suburban and urban Upper Difficult Run are among the highest ever recorded in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, ranging from 161 to 376 Mg/km(2)/y. Erosion and deposition of streambanks, channel bed, and bars and deposition of floodplains were monitored between 1 March 2010 and 18 January 2013 in Upper Difficult Run, Virginia, USA. We documented the effects of two large storms, Tropical Storm Lee (September 2011), a 100-year event, and Super Storm Sandy (October 2012) a 5-year event, on channel erosion and deposition. Variability in erosion and deposition rates for all geomorphic features, temporally and spatially, are important conclusions of this study. Tropical Storm Lee was an erosive event, where erosion occurred on 82% of all streambanks and where 88% of streambanks that were aggrading before Tropical Storm Lee became erosional. Statistical analysis indicated that drainage area explains linear changes (cm/y) in eroding streambanks and that channel top width explains cross-sectional area changes (cm(2)/y) in eroding streambanks and floodplain deposition (mm/y). A quasi sediment budget constructed for the study period using the streambanks, channel bed, channel bars, and flood plain measurements underestimated the measured suspended-sediment load by 61% (2130 Mg/y). Underestimation of the sediment load may be caused by measurement errors and to contributions from upland sediment sources, which were not measured but estimated at 36% of the gross input of sediment. Eroding streambanks contributed 42% of the gross input of sediment and accounted for 70% of the measured suspended-sediment load. Similar to other urban watersheds, the large percentage of impervious area in Difficult Run and direct runoff of precipitation leads to increased streamflow and streambank erosion. This study emphasizes the importance of streambanks in urban-suburban sediment budgets but also suggests that other sediment sources, such as upland sources, which were not measured in this study, can be an important source of sediment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gellis, A. C.; Myers, L.] US Geol Survey, Maryland Water Sci Ctr, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Myers, M. K.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Noe, G. B.; Hupp, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Schenk, E. R.] Natl Pk Serv, PO 129 17 S Entrance Rd, Grand Canyon, AZ 86023 USA. EM agellis@usgs.gov OI Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Chesapeake Bay Program; Fairfax County, Virginia FX We would like to thank U.S. Geological Survey reviewers John Jastram, Adam Benthem, and Marie Peppier as well as anonymous reviewers from the journal for helping to improve the manuscript. We also want to thank Richard Marston for his time performing substantial edits and suggestions. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Chesapeake Bay Program, with elements from related work funded by Fairfax County, Virginia. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 278 BP 128 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.031 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EI5SM UT WOS:000392555000010 ER PT J AU Staley, DM Negri, JA Kean, JW Laber, JL Tillery, AC Youberg, AM AF Staley, Dennis M. Negri, Jacquelyn A. Kean, Jason W. Laber, Jayme L. Tillery, Anne C. Youberg, Ann M. TI Prediction of spatially explicit rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Debris flow; Rainfall thresholds; Hazard assessment ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; WATER REPELLENCY; MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS; EROSION PROCESSES; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; AFFECTED SOILS; NATIONAL-PARK; BURNED AREAS AB Early warning of post-fire debris-flow occurrence during intense rainfall has traditionally relied upon a library of regionally specific empirical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds. Development of this library and the calculation of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds often require several years of monitoring local rainfall and hydrologic response to rainstorms, a time-consuming approach where results are often only applicable to the specific region where data were collected. Here, we present a new, fully predictive approach that utilizes rainfall, hydrologic response, and readily available geospatial data to predict rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for debris-flow generation in recently burned locations in the western United States. Unlike the traditional approach to defining regional thresholds from historical data, the proposed methodology permits the direct calculation of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for areas where no such data exist. The thresholds calculated by this method are demonstrated to provide predictions that are of similar accuracy, and in some cases outperform, previously published regional intensity-duration thresholds. The method also provides improved predictions of debris-flow likelihood, which can be incorporated into existing approaches for post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment. Our results also provide guidance for the operational expansion of post-fire debris-flow early warning systems in areas where empirically defined regional rainfall intensity-duration thresholds do not currently exist. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Staley, Dennis M.; Negri, Jacquelyn A.; Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Laber, Jayme L.] Natl Weather Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tillery, Anne C.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Youberg, Ann M.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. EM dstaley@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program; Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project FX This research was made possible with funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program and Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project. The authors are grateful for the field assistance from Joseph Gartner, Kevin Schmidt, Anne-Marie Matherne, Maiana Hanshaw, Robert Leeper, and Octavanio Lucero, and for the rainfall data provided by Pete Wohlgemuth and Terri Hogue. We also would like to acknowledge Sue Cannon for her seminal work defining rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States, developing probabilistic hazard assessment methods, and establishing the debris-flow early warning system with the National Weather Service in southern California. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 278 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.019 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EI5SM UT WOS:000392555000011 ER PT J AU Mulligan, KB Towler, B Haro, A Ahlfeld, DP AF Mulligan, Kevin Brian Towler, Brett Haro, Alex Ahlfeld, David P. TI A computational fluid dynamics modeling study of guide walls for downstream fish passage SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Guide wall; Fish passage; Downstream; Computational fluid dynamics ID SALMONID SMOLTS; HYDROPOWER DAMS; FLOW; ACCELERATION; MIGRATION; RIVER AB A partial-depth, impermeable guidance structure (or guide wall) for downstream fish passage is typically constructed as a series of panels attached to a floating boom and anchored across a water body (e.g. river channel, reservoir, or power canal). The downstream terminus of the wall is generally located nearby to a fish bypass structure. If guidance is successful, the fish will avoid entrainment in a dangerous intake structure (i.e. turbine intakes) while passing from the headpond to the tailwater of a hydroelectric facility through a safer passage route (i.e. the bypass). The goal of this study is to determine the combination of guide wall design parameters that will most likely increase the chance of surface-oriented fish being successfully guided to the bypass. To evaluate the flow field immediately upstream of a guide wall, a parameterized computational fluid dynamics model of an idealized power canal was constructed in ANSYS Fluent v 14.5 (ANSYS Inc., 2012). The design parameters investigated were the angle and depth of the guide wall and the average approach velocity in the power canal. Results call attention to the importance of the downward to sweeping flow ratio and demonstrate how a change in guide wall depth and angle can affect this important hydraulic cue to out-migrating fish. The key findings indicate that a guide wall set at a small angle (15 is the minimum in this study) and deep enough such that sweeping flow dominant conditions prevail within the expected vertical distribution of fish approaching the structure will produce hydraulic conditions that are more likely to result in effective passage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mulligan, Kevin Brian; Ahlfeld, David P.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, 130 Nat Resources Rd,18 Marston Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Towler, Brett] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Reg, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Haro, Alex] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Mulligan, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM kmulligan@usgs.gov; brett_towler@fws.gov; aharo@usgs.gov; ahlfeld@engin.umass.edu OI Mulligan, Kevin/0000-0002-3534-4239 FU Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0002668]; Hydro Research Foundation; Perrell family FX The information, data, or work presented herein was funded in part by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-EE0002668 and the Hydro Research Foundation. In addition, this work was partly funded by the Perrell family who generously offered support in the first author's final semester at the University of Massachusetts. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 99 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.025 PG 9 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA EH5UO UT WOS:000391838600036 ER PT J AU Oberhauser, K Wiederholt, R Diffendorfer, JE Semmens, D Ries, L Thogmartin, WE Lopez-Hoffman, L Semmens, B AF Oberhauser, Karen Wiederholt, Ruscena Diffendorfer, Jay E. Semmens, Darius Ries, Leslie Thogmartin, Wayne E. Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Semmens, Brice TI A trans-national monarch butterfly population model and implications for regional conservation priorities SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian stage-based matrix model; conservation prioritisation; Danaus plexippus; management strategies; population dynamics ID PATTERNS; MEXICO; LEPIDOPTERA; DANAIDAE; DECLINE; TRENDS AB 1. The monarch has undergone considerable population declines over the past decade, and the governments of Mexico, Canada, and the United States have agreed to work together to conserve the species. 2. Given limited resources, understanding where to focus conservation action is key for widespread species like monarchs. To support planning for continental-scale monarch habitat restoration, we address the question of where restoration efforts are likely to have the largest impacts on monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippusLinn.) population growth rates. 3. We present a spatially explicit demographic model simulating the multi-generational annual cycle of the eastern monarch population, and use the model to examine management scenarios, some of which focus on particular regions of North America. 4. Improving the monarch habitat in the north central or southern parts of the monarch range yields a slightly greater increase in the population growth rate than restoration in other regions. However, combining restoration efforts across multiple regions yields population growth rates above 1 with smaller simulated improvements in habitat per region than single-region strategies. 5. Synthesis and applications:These findings suggest that conservation investment in projects across the full monarch range will be more effective than focusing on one or a few regions, and will require international cooperation across many land use categories. C1 [Oberhauser, Karen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ USA. [Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Semmens, Darius] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ries, Leslie] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Semmens, Brice] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Oberhauser, K (reprint author), Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM oberh001@umn.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was conducted as part of the 'Animal Migration and Spatial Subsidies: Establishing a Framework for Conservation Markets and Monarch Butterfly Recovery' and the Department of Interior's Monarch Conservation Science Partnership working groups supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the members of these groups for their input, Steve Hilburger for his leadership, and Julie Beston for constructive comments. Any use of trade, firm or product names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6946 EI 1365-2311 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1111/een.12351 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EI3XZ UT WOS:000392427600006 ER PT J AU Fandel, CL Lippmann, TC Irish, JD Brothers, LL AF Fandel, Christina L. Lippmann, Thomas C. Irish, James D. Brothers, Laura L. TI Observations of pockmark flow structure in Belfast Bay, Maine, Part 1: current-induced mixing SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE ESTUARIES; FORM DRAG; SEA; NORWAY AB Field observations of current profiles and temperature, salinity, and density structure were used to examine vertical mixing within two pockmarks in Belfast Bay, Maine. The first is located in 21 m water depth (sea level to rim), nearly circular in shape with a 45 m rim diameter and 12 m rim-to-bottom relief. The second is located in 25 m water depth, more elongated in shape with an approximately 80 m (36 m) major (minor) axis length at the rim, and 17 m relief. Hourly averaged current profiles were acquired from bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed on the rim and center of each pockmark over successive 42 h periods in July 2011. Conductivity-temperature-depth casts at the rim and center of each pockmark show warmer, fresher water in the upper water column, evidence of both active and fossil thermocline structure 5-8 m above the rim, and well-mixed water below the rim to the bottom. Vertical velocities show up- and down-welling events that extend into the depths of each pockmark. An observed temperature change at both the rim and center occurs coincident with an overturning event below the rim, and suggests active mixing of the water column into the depths of each pockmark. Vertical profiles of horizontal velocities show depth variation at both the center and rim consistent with turbulent logarithmic current boundary layers, and suggest that form drag may possibly be influencing the local flow regime. While resource limitations prevented observation of the current structure and water properties at a control site, the acquired data suggest that active mixing and overturning within the sampled pockmarks occur under typical benign conditions, and that current flows are influenced by upstream bathymetric irregularities induced by distant pockmarks. C1 [Fandel, Christina L.; Lippmann, Thomas C.; Irish, James D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fandel, Christina L.] NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Off Coast Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lippmann@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA10NOS4000073] FX Data collected as part of this study are available at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire under the experiment name "2011 Belfast Bay Pockmark Experiment". J. Kelley of the University of Maine provided the multibeam bathymetry map from which candidate pockmarks were identified for further consideration. This study was based on a model conceived and developed by P. Koons of the University of Maine, and the many observations and interpretations made by J. Kelley, D. Bleknap (University of Maine), W. Barnhardt (USGS), and B. Andrews (USGS). Field assistance was provided by Capt. Emily Terry, Capt. Ben Smith, and Jon Hunt. Comments by Diane Foster, Zafere Defne, O. Hammer, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA grant NA10NOS4000073. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0472-4 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JP UT WOS:000392313500001 ER PT J AU Fandel, CL Lippmann, TC Foster, DL Brothers, LL AF Fandel, Christina L. Lippmann, Thomas C. Foster, Diane L. Brothers, Laura L. TI Observations of pockmark flow structure in Belfast Bay, Maine, Part 2: evidence for cavity flow SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; SEPARATION; CURRENTS AB Pockmark flow circulation patterns were investigated through current measurements along the rim and center of two pockmarks in Belfast Bay, Maine. Observed time-varying current profiles have a complex vertical and directional structure that rotates significantly with depth and is strongly dependent on the phase of the tide. Observations of the vertical profiles of horizontal velocities in relation to relative geometric parameters of the pockmark are consistent with circulation patterns described qualitatively by cavity flow models (Ashcroft and Zhang 2005). The time-mean behavior of the shear layer is typically used to characterize cavity flow, and was estimated using vorticity thickness to quantify the growth rate of the shear layer horizontally across the pockmark. Estimated positive vorticity thickness spreading rates are consistent with cavity flow predictions, and occur at largely different rates between the two pockmarks. Previously modeled flow (Brothers et al. 2011) and laboratory measurements (Pau et al. 2014) over pockmarks of similar geometry to those examined herein are also qualitatively consistent with cavity flow circulation, suggesting that cavity flow may be a good first-order flow model for pockmarks in general. C1 [Fandel, Christina L.; Lippmann, Thomas C.; Foster, Diane L.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fandel, Christina L.] NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Off Coast Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lippmann@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA10NOS4000073] FX Data obtained in this study are available at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire under the experiment name "2011 Belfast Bay Pockmark Experiment". J. Kelley of the University of Maine provided the multibeam bathymetry map from which candidate pockmarks were identified for further study. This work was based upon a model conceived by P. Koons at the University of Maine and the many observations and interpretations made by J. Kelley, D. Belknap (University of Maine), W. Barnhardt (USGS) and B. Andrews (USGS). Field assistance was provided by J. Irish, Capt. E. Terry, Capt. B. Smith, and J. Hunt. Comments by J. Irish, T. Karla, and the anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA grant NA10NOS4000073. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0473-3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JP UT WOS:000392313500002 ER PT J AU Fandel, CL Lippmann, TC Foster, DL Brothers, LL AF Fandel, Christina L. Lippmann, Thomas C. Foster, Diane L. Brothers, Laura L. TI Observations of pockmark flow structure in Belfast Bay, Maine, Part 3: implications for sediment transport SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EROSION; BED; STABILITY; ESTUARIES; MARINE; FLUXES; SCALE; FLUME AB Current observations and sediment characteristics acquired within and along the rim of two pockmarks in Belfast Bay, Maine, were used to characterize periods of sediment transport and to investigate conditions favorable to the settling of suspended sediment. Hourly averaged Shields parameters determined from horizontal current velocity profiles within the center of each pockmark never exceed the critical value (approximated with the theoretical model of Dade et al. 1992). However, Shields parameters estimated at the pockmark rims periodically exceed the critical value, consistent with conditions that support the onset of sediment transport and suspension. Below the rim in the near-center of each pockmark, depth-averaged vertical velocities were less than zero (downward) 60% and 55% of the time in the northern and southern pockmarks, and were often comparable to depth-averaged horizontal velocities. Along the rim, depth-averaged vertical velocities over the lower 8 m of the water column were primarily downward but much less than depth-averaged horizontal velocities indicating that suspended sediment may be moved to distant locations. Maximum grain sizes capable of remaining in suspension under terminal settling flow conditions (ranging 10-170 mu m) were typically much greater than the observed median grain diameter (about 7 mu m) at the bed. During upwelling flow within the pockmarks, and in the absence of flocculation, suspended sediment would not settle. The greater frequency of predicted periods of sediment transport along the rim of the southern pockmark is consistent with pockmark morphology in Belfast Bay, which transitions from more spherical to more elongated toward the south, suggesting near-bed sediment transport may contribute to post-formation pockmark evolution during typical conditions in Belfast Bay. C1 [Fandel, Christina L.; Lippmann, Thomas C.; Foster, Diane L.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fandel, Christina L.] NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Off Coast Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lippmann@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA10NOS4000073] FX Data used in this study are available at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire under the experiment name "2011 Belfast Bay Pockmark Experiment". J. Kelley of the University of Maine provided the multibeam bathymetry map from which candidate pockmarks were identified for further study. This work was based upon a model conceived by P. Koons at the University of Maine and the many observations and interpretations made by J. Kelley, D. Belknap (University of Maine), W. Barnhardt (USGS), and B. Andrews (USGS). L. Giosan generously provided the use of the LS 13 230 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Field assistance was provided by J. Irish, Capt. E. Terry, Capt. B. Smith, and J. Hunt. Comments by J. Irish, D. Nowacki, and the anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA gran NA10NOS4000073. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0474-2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JP UT WOS:000392313500003 ER PT J AU Henry, KD Wood, NJ Frazier, TG AF Henry, Kevin D. Wood, Nathan J. Frazier, Tim G. TI Influence of road network and population demand assumptions in evacuation modeling for distant tsunamis SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Vehicle; Evacuation; Traffic simulation; Tsunami; Hazard; Clearance time ID TRAFFIC SIMULATION-MODEL; HURRICANE EVACUATION; TIME; VULNERABILITY; INUNDATION; EXPOSURE; DISASTER; HAZARDS; FLORIDA; SAFETY AB Tsunami evacuation planning in coastal communities is typically focused on local events where at-risk individuals must move on foot in a matter of minutes to safety. Less attention has been placed on distant tsunamis, where evacuations unfold over several hours, are often dominated by vehicle use and are managed by public safety officials. Traditional traffic simulation models focus on estimating clearance times but often overlook the influence of varying population demand, alternative modes, background traffic, shadow evacuation, and traffic management alternatives. These factors are especially important for island communities with limited egress options to safety. We use the coastal community of Balboa Island, California (USA), as a case study to explore the range of potential clearance times prior to wave arrival for a distant tsunami scenario. We use a first-in-first-out queuing simulation environment to estimate variations in clearance times, given varying assumptions of the evacuating population (demand) and the road network over which they evacuate (supply). Results suggest clearance times are less than wave arrival times for a distant tsunami, except when we assume maximum vehicle usage for residents, employees, and tourists for a weekend scenario. A two-lane bridge to the mainland was the primary traffic bottleneck, thereby minimizing the effect of departure times, shadow evacuations, background traffic, boat-based evacuations, and traffic light timing on overall community clearance time. Reducing vehicular demand generally reduced clearance time, whereas improvements to road capacity had mixed results. Finally, failure to recognize non-residential employee and tourist populations in the vehicle demand substantially underestimated clearance time. C1 [Henry, Kevin D.; Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Frazier, Tim G.] Georgetown Univ, Emergency & Disaster Management Program, 640 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Henry, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM khenry@usgs.gov; nwood@usgs.gov; Tim.Frazier@georgetown.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program. We thank Mara Tongue of the USGS, and anonymous journal reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2017 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1665 EP 1687 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2655-8 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EI2FS UT WOS:000392302700017 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Burley, TE Loftin, KA Meyer, MT Nowell, LH AF Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Burley, Thomas E. Loftin, Keith A. Meyer, Michael T. Nowell, Lisa H. TI Similarities and differences in occurrence and temporal fluctuations in glyphosate and atrazine in small Midwestern streams (USA) during the 2013 growing season SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ELISA; Spring flush; Corn Belt; Herbicide; Glyphosate; Atrazine ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER; DEGRADATE AMPA; HERBICIDE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FORMULATIONS; FLUSH AB Glyphosate and atrazine are the most intensively used herbicides in the United States. Although there is abundant spatial and temporal information on atrazine occurrence at regional scales, there are far fewer data for glyphosate, and studies that compare the two herbicides are rare. We investigated temporal patterns in glyphosate and atrazine concentrations measured weekly during the 2013 growing season in 100 small streams inthe Midwestern United States. Glyphosate was detected in 44% of samples (method reporting level 0.2 mu g/L); atrazine was detected above a threshold of 0.2 mu g/L in 54% of samples. Glyphosate was detected more frequently in 12 urban streams than in 88 agricultural streams, and at concentrations similar to those in streams with high agricultural land use (>40% row crop) in the watershed. In contrast, atrazine was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in agricultural streams than in urban streams. The maximum concentration of glyphosate measured at most urban sites exceeded the maximum atrazine concentration, whereas at agricultural sites the reverse was true. Measurement at a 2-day interval at 8 sites in northern Missouri revealed that transport of both herbicide compounds appeared to be controlled by spring flush, that peak concentration duration was brief, but that peaks in atrazine concentrations were of longer duration than those of glyphosate. The 2-day sampling also indicated that weekly sampling is unlikely to capture peak concentrations of glyphosate and atrazine. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.; Burley, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Nowell, Lisa H.] US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov; pcvanmet@usgs.gov; teburley@usgs.gov; kloftin@usgs.gov; mmeyer@usgs.gov; lhnowell@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water Quality Program FX All data can be found in ScienceBase at: doLorg/10.5066/F7SN073J. Support for this study was provided by the USGS National Water Quality Program; data and additional information on the Regional Stream Quality Assessments can be found at: http://txpub.usgs.gov/RSQA/. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.236 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH6QA UT WOS:000391897800015 PM 27863869 ER PT J AU Lindsey, BD Ayotte, JD Jurgens, BC Desimone, LA AF Lindsey, Bruce D. Ayotte, Joseph D. Jurgens, Bryant C. Desimone, Leslie A. TI Using groundwater age distributions to understand changes in methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations in ambient groundwater, northeastern United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methyl tert-butyl ether; Groundwater contamination; Groundwater age; Contaminant modeling ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; URBAN; AREAS; WELLS; WATER; FATE; AIR AB Temporal changes in methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations in groundwater were evaluated in the northeastern United States, an area of the nation with widespread low-level detections of MtBE based on a national survey of wells selected to represent ambient conditions. MtBE use in the U.S. peaked in 1999 and was largely discontinued by 2007. Six well networks, each representing specific areas and well types (monitoring or supply wells), were each sampled at 10 year intervals between 1996 and 2012. Concentrations were decreasing or unchanged in most wells as of 2012, with the exception of a small number of wells where concentrations continue to increase. Statistically significant increasing concentrations were found in one network sampled for the second time shortly after the peak of MtBE use, and decreasing concentrations were found in two networks sampled for the second time about 10 years after the peak of MtBE use. Simulated concentrations from convolutions of estimates for concentrations of MtBE in recharge water with age distributions from environmental tracer data correctly predicted the direction of MtBE concentration changes in about 65% of individual wells. The best matches between simulated and observed concentrations were found when simulating recharge concentrations that followed the pattern of national MtBE use. Some observations were matched better when recharge was modeled as a plume moving past the well from a spill at one point in time. Modeling and sample results showed that wells with young median ages and narrow age distributions responded more quickly to changes in the contaminant source than wells with older median ages and broad age distributions. Well depth and aquifer type affect these responses. Regardless of the timing of decontamination, all of these aquifers show high susceptibility for contamination by a highly soluble, persistent constituent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lindsey, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Desimone, Leslie A.] US Geol Survey, 10 Bealfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Lindsey, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM blindsey@usgs.gov OI Lindsey, Bruce/0000-0002-7180-4319 FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Water-Quality Assessment Project FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Water-Quality Assessment Project. We thank the well owners who allowed the USGS to collect samples, the USGS personnel who collected and managed the data, a review by Karen Burow (USGS) and 4 anonymous reviewers. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.058 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH6QA UT WOS:000391897800058 PM 27884531 ER PT J AU Li, SB Villeneuve, DL Berninger, JP Blackwell, BR Cavallin, JE Hughes, MN Jensen, KM Jorgenson, Z Kahl, MD Schroeder, AL Stevens, KE Thomas, LM Weberg, MA Ankley, GT AF Li, Shibin Villeneuve, Daniel L. Berninger, Jason P. Blackwell, Brett R. Cavallin, Jenna E. Hughes, Megan N. Jensen, Kathleen M. Jorgenson, Zachary Kahl, Michael D. Schroeder, Anthony L. Stevens, Kyle E. Thomas, Linnea M. Weberg, Matthew A. Ankley, Gerald T. TI An integrated approach,for identifying priority contaminant in the Great Lakes Basin - Investigations in the Lower Green Bay/Fox River and Milwaukee Estuary areas of concern SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mixture; Screening; Chemical-biomolecule interactions; ToxCast (TM); Contaminants of emerging concern; Risk assessment ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; BIOANALYTICAL TOOLS; ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS; STABLY EXPRESSES; TOXCAST PROGRAM; RECYCLED WATER; DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; CELL-LINE AB Environmental assessment of complex mixtures typically requires integration of chemical and biological measurements. This study demonstrates the use of a combination of instrumental chemical analyses, effects-based monitoring, and bio-effects prediction approaches to help identify potential hazards and priority contaminants in two Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs), the Lower Green Bay/Fox River located near Green Bay, WI, USA and the Milwaukee Estuary, located near Milwaukee, WI, USA. Fathead minnows were caged at four sites within each AOC (eight sites total). Following 4 d of in situ exposure, tissues and biofluids were sampled and used for targeted biological effects analyses. Additionally, 4 d composite water samples were collected concurrently at each caged fish site and analyzed for 132 analytes as well as evaluated for total estrogenic and androgenic activity using cell-based bioassays. Of the analytes examined, 75 were detected in composite samples from at least one site. Based on multiple analyses, one site in the East River and another site near a paper mill discharge in the Lower Green Bay/Fox River AOC, were prioritized due to their estrogenic and androgenic activity, respectively. The water samples from other sites generally did not exhibit significant estrogenic or androgenic activity, nor was there evidence for endocrine disruption in the fish exposed at these sites as indicated by the lack of alterations in ex vivo steroid production, circulating steroid concentrations, or vitellogenin mRNA expression in males. Induction of hepatic cyp1a mRNA expression was detected at several sites, suggesting the presence of chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. To expand the scope beyond targeted investigation of endpoints selected a priori, several bio-effects prediction approaches were employed to identify other potentially disturbed biological pathways and related chemical constituents that may warrant future monitoring at these sites. For example, several chemicals such as diethylphthalate and naphthalene, and genes and related pathways, such as cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (CHRM3), estrogen receptor alpha1 (esr1), chemokine ligand 10 protein (OCCL10), tumor protein p53 (p53), and monoamine oxidase B (Maob), were identified as candidates for future assessments at these AOCs. Overall, this study demonstrates that a better prioritization of contaminants and associated hazards can be achieved through integrated evaluation of multiple lines of evidence. Such prioritization can guide more comprehensive follow-up risk assessment efforts. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Shibin; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Berninger, Jason P.; Blackwell, Brett R.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Hughes, Megan N.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Stevens, Kyle E.; Thomas, Linnea M.; Weberg, Matthew A.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Li, Shibin; Berninger, Jason P.] US EPA, Natl Res Council, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Jorgenson, Zachary] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Twin Cities Ecol Field Serv Field Off, 4101 Amer Blvd East, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. [Schroeder, Anthony L.] Univ Minnesota Crookston, Math Sci & Technol Dept, 2900 Univ Ave, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. RP Li, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM lishibin1116@gmail.com FU National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division FX The present study was performed while two of the authors, Shibin Li and Jason P. Benninger, held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division. The authors also thank the following team members who have been critical in the implementation and success of the program that this study is a part of: Kathy lee (USGS), JoAnn Banda (USFWS), Steve Choy (USFWS), Dan Gefell (USFWS), and Jeremy Moore (USFWS). This document has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the corresponding agencies. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 579 BP 825 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.021 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH6QA UT WOS:000391897800085 PM 27866739 ER PT J AU Johannesson, KH Palmore, CD Fackrell, J Prouty, NG Swarzenski, PW Chevis, DA Telfeyan, K White, CD Burdige, DJ AF Johannesson, Karen H. Palmore, C. Dianne Fackrell, Joseph Prouty, Nancy G. Swarzenski, Peter W. Chevis, Darren A. Telfeyan, Katherine White, Christopher D. Burdige, David J. TI Rare earth element behavior during groundwater-seawater mixing along the Kona Coast of Hawaii SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Rare earth elements; Submarine groundwater discharge; Coastal Ocean; Subterranean estuary; Hawaii ID OCEAN EUMELI SITE; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; NATURAL-WATERS; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; TRACE-METALS; RIVER WATER; PORE WATERS; SEA-WATER; SOLUTION COMPLEXATION; GADOLINIUM ANOMALIES AB Groundwater and seawater samples were collected from nearshore wells and offshore along the Kona Coast of the Big Island of Hawaii to investigate rare earth element (REE) behavior in local subterranean estuaries. Previous investigations showed that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the predominant flux of terrestrial waters to the coastal ocean along the arid Kona Coast of Hawaii. Groundwater and seawater samples were filtered through 0.45 mu m and 0.02 mu m pore-size filters to evaluate the importance of colloidal and soluble (i.e., truly dissolved ionic species and/or low molecular weight [LMW] colloids) fractions of the REEs in the local subterranean estuaries. Mixing experiments using groundwater collected immediately down gradient from a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) proximal to the Kaloko-Hanokohau National Historic Park, and more "pristine" groundwater from a well constructed in a lava tube at Kiholo Bay, were conducted with local seawater to study the effect of solution composition (i.e., pH, salinity) on the concentrations and fractionation behavior of the REEs as groundwater mixes with seawater in Kona Coast subterranean estuaries. The mixed waters were also filtered through 0.45 or 0.02 mu m filters to ascertain the behavior of colloidal and soluble fractions of the REEs across the salinity gradient in each mixing experiment. Concentrations of the REEs were statistically identical (two-tailed Student t-test, 95% confidence) between the sequentially filtered sample aliquots, indicating that the REEs occur as dissolved ionic species and/or LMW colloids in Kona Coast groundwaters. The mixing experiments revealed that the REEs are released to solution from suspended particles or colloids when Kona Coast groundwater waters mix with local seawater. The order of release that accompanies increasing pH and salinity follows light REE (LREE) > middle REE (MREE) > heavy REE (HREE). Release of REEs in the mixing experiments is driven by decreases in the free metal ion activity in solution and the concomitant increase in the amount of each REE that occurs in solution as dicarbonato complexes [i. e., Ln(CO3)(2)(-)] as pH increases across the salinity gradient. Input-normalized REE patterns of Kona Coast groundwater and coastal seawater are nearly identical and relatively flat compared to North Pacific seawater, indicating that SGD is the chief source of these trace elements to the ocean along the Kona Coast. Additionally, REE concentrations of the coastal seawater are between 10 and 50 times higher than previously reported open-ocean seawater values from the North Pacific, further demonstrating the importance of SGD fluxes of REEs to these coastal waters. Taken together, these observations indicate that large-scale removal of REEs, which characterizes the behavior of REEs in the low salinity reaches of many surface estuaries, is not a feature of the subterranean estuary along the Kona Coast. A large positive gadolinium (Gd) anomaly characterizes groundwater from the vicinity of the WWTF. The positive Gd anomaly can be traced to the coastal ocean, providing further evidence of the impact of SGD on the coastal waters. Estimates of the SGD fluxes of the REEs to the coastal ocean along the Kona Coast (i.e., 1.3-2.6 mmol Nd day(-1)) are similar to recent estimates of SGD fluxes of REEs along Florida's east coast and to Rhode Island Sound, all of which points to the importance of SGD as significant flux of REEs to the coastal ocean. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johannesson, Karen H.; Palmore, C. Dianne; Chevis, Darren A.; Telfeyan, Katherine; White, Christopher D.] Tulane Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Fackrell, Joseph] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Prouty, Nancy G.; Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] IAEA, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. [Telfeyan, Katherine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Burdige, David J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Johannesson, KH (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM kjohanne@tulane.edu FU NSF [OCE-0825920, OCE-0825895]; USGS Natural Resources Preservation Program (NRPP); Park Oriented Biological Support (POBS) Award FX This project was supported by NSF grants OCE-0825920 to Johannesson and OCE-0825895 to Burdige, as well as USGS Natural Resources Preservation Program (NRPP) and Park Oriented Biological Support (POBS) Award to Prouty. The authors wish to thank C. H. Conaway at the U. S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, for the ion chromatography analyses of the anion concentrations, and D. Gross and S. Beavers (NPS) for logistical support. The lead author is indebted to Michael and Mathilda Cochran for endowing the Cochran Family Professorship in Earth and Environmental Sciences at Tulane University. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor Jerome Gaillardet whose comments greatly improved this paper. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Lutetium Johannesson. NR 187 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 198 BP 229 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.11.009 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG4BH UT WOS:000390987900015 ER PT J AU Pereira, P Cerda, A Martin, D Ubeda, X Depellegrin, D Novara, A Martinez-Murillo, JF Brevik, EC Menshov, O Comino, JR Miesel, J AF Pereira, Paulo Cerda, Artemi Martin, Deborah Ubeda, Xavier Depellegrin, Daniel Novara, Agata Martinez-Murillo, Juan F. Brevik, Eric C. Menshov, Oleksandr Rodrigo Comino, Jesus Miesel, Jessica TI Short-term low-severity spring grassland fire impacts on soil extractable elements and soil ratios in Lithuania SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Boreal grasslands; Slash and burn; Dry grass; Soil nutrients ID ORGANIC-MATTER CONTENT; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; BOREAL FOREST; PLANT ASH; NUTRIENTS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN AB Spring grassland fires are common in boreal areas as a consequence of slash and burn agriculture used to remove dry grass to increase soil nutrient properties and crop production. However, few works have investigated fire impacts on these grassland ecosystems, especially in the immediate period after the fire. The objective of this work was to study the short-term impacts of a spring grassland fire in Lithuania. Four days after the fire we established a 400 m(2) sampling grid within the burned area and in an adjacent unburned area with the same topographical, hydrological and pedological characteristics. We collected topsoil samples immediately after the fire (0 months), 2, 5, 7 and 9 months after the fire. We analysed soil pH, electrical, conductivity (EC), major nutrients including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), and the minor elements aluminium (AI), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). We also calculated the soil Na and K adsorption ratio (SPAR), Ca:Mg and Ca:Al. The results showed that this low-severity grassland fire significantly decreased soil pH, Al, and Mn but increased EC, Ca, Mg, and K,. There was no effect on Na, Fe, and Zn. There was a decrease of EC, Ca, Mg, and Na from 0 months after the fire until 7 months after the fire, with an increase during the last sampling period. Fire did not significantly affect SPAR. Ca:Mg decreased significantly immediately after the fire, but not to critical levels. Ca:Al increased after the fire, reducing the potential effects of Al on plants. Overall, fire impacts were mainly limited to the immediate period after the fire. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pereira, Paulo; Depellegrin, Daniel] Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Ateities G 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Cerda, Artemi] Univ Valencia, SEDER Soil Eros & Degradat Res Grp, Dept Geog, Valencia, Spain. [Martin, Deborah] USGS, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO USA. [Ubeda, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Mediterranean Environm Res Grp, Dept Phys Geog & Reg Geog Anal, GRAM, Montalegre 6, Barcelona 08001, Spain. [Novara, Agata] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Forestali, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. [Martinez-Murillo, Juan F.] Univ Malaga, Dept Geog, Andalucia Tech Campus Teatinos, Malaga 29071, Spain. [Brevik, Eric C.] Dickinson State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. [Menshov, Oleksandr] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Inst Geol, 90 Vasylkivska Str, Kiev, Ukraine. [Rodrigo Comino, Jesus] Univ Malaga, Inst Geomorfol & Suelos, Edificio Ada Byron,Ampliac Campus Teatinos, Malaga 29071, Spain. [Rodrigo Comino, Jesus] Univ Trier, Dept Phys Geog, D-54286 Trier, Germany. [Miesel, Jessica] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. RP Pereira, P (reprint author), Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Ateities G 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM pereiraub@gmail.com; artemio.Cerda@uv.es; damartin@usgs.gov; xubeda@gmail.com; danny_green@hotmail.com; agata.novara@unipa.it; jfmmurillo@uma.es; eric.brevik@dickinsonstate.edu; menshov.o@ukr.net; rodrigo-comino@uma.es; mieselje@msu.edu FU Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-48/2011]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2013-47862-C2-1-R] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Lithuanian Research Council for financing the project LITFIRE, Fire effects on Lithuanian soils and ecosystems (MIP-48/2011), to Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Soil quality, erosion control and plant cover recovery under different post-fire management scenarios (POSTFIRE) was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2013-47862-C2-1-R). We acknowledge the important help of two anonymous reviewers that improved the quality of this work. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 578 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.210 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG3SK UT WOS:000390964800047 PM 27836340 ER PT J AU Long, JM Stewart, DR Shiflet, J Balsman, D Shoup, DE AF Long, James M. Stewart, David R. Shiflet, Jeremy Balsman, Dane Shoup, Daniel E. TI Bait type influences on catch and bycatch in tandem hoop nets set in reservoirs SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZOTE(C) soap; Ground cheese log; Channel catfish; Aquatic turtles; Reservoir sampling; Tandem hoop net ID SAMPLING CHANNEL CATFISH; IMPOUNDMENTS; MORTALITY; CAPTURE; SUCCESS; TURTLES; RATES; SIZE AB Tandem hoop nets have become the primary gear for sampling channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, but suffer from high incidences of bycatch, particularly aquatic turtles that usually drown as a result. We sought to determine if bait type, ZOTE(C) soap and ground cheese logs, would influence catch of channel catfish (CPUE and mean TL) and bycatch of fishes and aquatic turtles. We sampled with tandem hoop nets in 13 Kentucky reservoirs (5-73 ha) using a crossover design and two sampling events. We found no difference in channel catfish catch rates between bait types, but mean sizes of fish caught using ZOTE(C) soap were approximately 24 mm longer compared to cheese. Fish bycatch was similar between bait types, but tandem hoop nets baited with ZOTE(C) soap caught up to 61% fewer turtles and mortality of turtles that were captured was up to 12% lower than those baited with cheese. Depth of net set, water temperature, and Secchi depth were environmental factors measured that affected catch and bycatch, but varied among species. Using ZOTE(C) soap as bait in tandem hoop nets appears to be a fairly simple and straightforward method for maintaining high catch rates of channel catfish while minimizing turtle mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, James M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Stewart, David R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Sci, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Shiflet, Jeremy] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, 1398 Highway 81 N, Calhoun, KY 42327 USA. [Balsman, Dane] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, 1 Sportsmans Lane, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Shoup, Daniel E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM longjm@okstate.edu; david_stewart@fws.gov; Jeremy.Shiflet@ky.gov; Dane.Balsman@ky.gov; daniel.shoup@okstate.edu FU Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) [F-50]; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit by the University of Wyoming; Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX Financial support for this publication was provided by Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) through Sport Fish Restoration Project F-50. We thank K. Pope and B. Neely for constructive comments regarding this manuscript and the KDFWR field staff for help sampling fish. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is further supported by Oklahoma State University and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit by the University of Wyoming and the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 186 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.08.014 PN 1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EF7FG UT WOS:000390494900011 ER PT J AU Petro, NE Keller, JW Gaddis, LR AF Petro, Noah E. Keller, John W. Gaddis, Lisa R. TI Editorial Introduction: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, part II SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Petro, Noah E.; Keller, John W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gaddis, Lisa R.] USGS, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Petro, NE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2017 VL 283 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.018 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EF8XX UT WOS:000390616400001 ER PT J AU Patterson, GW Stickle, AM Turner, FS Jensen, JR Bussey, DBJ Spudis, P Espiritu, RC Schulze, RC Yocky, DA Wahl, DE Zimmerman, M Cahill, JTS Nolan, M Carter, L Neish, CD Raney, RK Thomson, BJ Kirk, R Thompson, TW Tise, BL Erteza, IA Jakowatz, CV AF Patterson, G. W. Stickle, A. M. Turner, F. S. Jensen, J. R. Bussey, D. B. J. Spudis, P. Espiritu, R. C. Schulze, R. C. Yocky, D. A. Wahl, D. E. Zimmerman, M. Cahill, J. T. S. Nolan, M. Carter, L. Neish, C. D. Raney, R. K. Thomson, B. J. Kirk, R. Thompson, T. W. Tise, B. L. Erteza, I. A. Jakowatz, C. V. TI Bistatic radar observations of the Moon using Mini-RF on LRO and the Arecibo Observatory SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Radar observations; Ices; Regoliths; Impact processes ID LUNAR SOUTH-POLE; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; COHERENT-BACKSCATTER; WATER ICE; REGOLITH PROPERTIES; PHASE-ANGLE; CRATERS; DEPOSITS AB The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument aboard NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a hybrid dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that operated in concert with the Arecibo Observatory to collect bistatic radar data of the lunar nearside from 2012 to 2015. The purpose of this bistatic campaign was to characterize the radar scattering properties of the surface and near-surface, as a function of bistatic angle, for a variety of lunar terrains and search for a coherent bacicscatter opposition effect indicative of the presence of water ice. A variety of lunar terrain types were sampled over a range of incidence and bistatic angles; including mare, highland, pyroclastic, crater ejecta, and crater floor materials. Responses consistent with an opposition effect were observed for the ejecta of several Copernican-aged craters and the floor of the south-polar crater Cabeus. The responses of ejecta material varied by crater in a manner that suggests a relationship with crater age. The response for Cabeus was observed within the portion of its floor that is not in permanent shadow. The character of the response differs from that of crater ejecta and appears unique with respect to all other lunar terrains observed. Analysis of data for this region suggests that the unique nature of the response may indicate the presence of near-surface deposits of water ice. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Patterson, G. W.; Stickle, A. M.; Turner, F. S.; Jensen, J. R.; Bussey, D. B. J.; Espiritu, R. C.; Schulze, R. C.; Zimmerman, M.; Cahill, J. T. S.; Raney, R. K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Spudis, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Yocky, D. A.; Wahl, D. E.; Tise, B. L.; Erteza, I. A.; Jakowatz, C. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87815 USA. [Nolan, M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Carter, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Neish, C. D.] Univ Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Thomson, B. J.] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kirk, R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Thompson, T. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Patterson, GW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Wes.Patterson@jhuapl.edu FU LRO project; NASA FX We thank the LRO project and LROC team for their efforts and flexibility in accommodating the non-trivial operations involved in the Mini-RF bistatic campaign. We also thank the Mini-RF team for their efforts in processing and calibrating the data into the form presented here. The authors would also like to thank Paul Lucey and an anonymous reviewer, whose insightful comments helped to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the LRO project, under contract with NASA. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2017 VL 283 SI SI BP 2 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.017 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EF8XX UT WOS:000390616400002 ER PT J AU Henriksen, MR Manheim, MR Burns, KN Seymour, P Speyerer, EJ Deran, A Boyd, AK Howington-Kraus, E Rosiek, MR Archinal, BA Robinson, MS AF Henriksen, M. R. Manheim, M. R. Burns, K. N. Seymour, P. Speyerer, E. J. Deran, A. Boyd, A. K. Howington-Kraus, E. Rosiek, M. R. Archinal, B. A. Robinson, M. S. TI Extracting accurate and precise topography from LROC narrow angle camera stereo observations SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Moon surface; Image processing; Data reduction techniques ID LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER; DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS; MISSION; DIMENSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; VOLCANISM; MOON AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) includes two identical Narrow Angle Cameras (NAC) that each provide 0.5 to 2.0 m scale images of the lunar surface. Although not designed as a stereo system, LROC can acquire NAC stereo observations over two or more orbits using at least one off-nadir slew. Digital terrain models (DTMs) are generated from sets of stereo images and registered to profiles from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) to improve absolute accuracy. With current processing methods, DTMs have absolute accuracies better than the uncertainties of the LOLA profiles and relative vertical and horizontal precisions less than the pixel scale of the DTMs (2-5 m). We computed slope statistics from 81 highland and 31 mare DTMs across a range of baselines. For a baseline of 15 m the highland mean slope parameters are: median=9.1 degrees, mean=11.0 degrees, standard deviation=7.0 degrees. For the mare the mean slope parameters are: median-3.5 degrees, mean=4.9 degrees, standard deviation=4.5 degrees. The slope values for the highland terrain are steeper than previously reported, likely due to a bias in targeting of the NAC DTMs toward higher relief features in the highland terrain. Overlapping DTMs of single stereo sets were also combined to form larger area DTM mosaics that enable detailed characterization of large geomorphic features. From one DIM mosaic we mapped a large viscous flow related to the Orientale basin ejecta and estimated its thickness and volume to exceed 300 m and 500 km(3), respectively. Despite its similar to 3.8 billion year age the flow still exhibits unconfined margin slopes above 30 degrees, in some cases exceeding the angle of repose, consistent with deposition of material rich in impact melt. We show that the NAC stereo pairs and derived DTMs represent an invaluable tool for science and exploration purposes. At this date about 2% of the lunar surface is imaged in high-resolution stereo, and continued acquisition of stereo observations will serve to strengthen our knowledge of the Moon and geologic processes that occur across all of the terrestrial planets. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Henriksen, M. R.; Manheim, M. R.; Burns, K. N.; Seymour, P.; Speyerer, E. J.; Deran, A.; Boyd, A. K.; Robinson, M. S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Howington-Kraus, E.; Rosiek, M. R.; Archinal, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Henriksen, MR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM megan.henriksen@asu.edu OI Speyerer, Emerson/0000-0001-9354-1858 FU NASA LRO Project [NNG07EK00C]; NASA LRO Participating Scientist Program; NASA Lunar Mapping and Modeling Project; NASA Lunar Science Institute FX We acknowledge the tremendous work and effort by NASA, the LRO mission, and the personnel of the LOLA and LROC instrument teams, without which this work would not be possible. Much of this work was funded by the NASA LRO Project (grant #NNG07EK00C). Archinal, Howington-Kraus, and Rosiek also acknowledge funding from the NASA LRO Participating Scientist Program, Lunar Mapping and Modeling Project, and Lunar Science Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2017 VL 283 SI SI BP 122 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.012 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EF8XX UT WOS:000390616400010 ER PT J AU Forester, RM Carter, C Quade, J Smith, AJ AF Forester, Richard M. Carter, Claire Quade, Jay Smith, Alison J. TI Aquifer and surface-water ostracodes in Quaternary paleowetland deposits of southern Nevada, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ostracodes; Wetlands; Springs; Aquifer; Nevada; Late Pleistocene; Hypogean ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; GROUNDWATER; VALLEY; CRUSTACEA; LAKES; CALIFORNIA; WETLANDS; DESERT; RIVER AB A diverse assemblage of Late Quaternary continental ostracodes (Class Crustacea) belonging to at least 15 genera and 40 species (including 11 new species and one new genus, Plicocandona, described here) was found in sediments of former groundwater discharge deposits located in valleys of southern Nevada, U.S.A. The fossiliferous deposits are located in Las Vegas, Coyote Springs, Indian Springs, Sandy, and Pahrump Valleys. The ostracodes include species that were probably living in wetmeadow, seep, flowing-spring, stream, and wetland environments, and include aquifer species. Those environments indicate a higher level of effective moisture than occurs today during several episodes of the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, from similar to 140 to similar to 9 ka. The ostracode assemblages are significant to our understanding of regional paleohydrology and also contribute to the growing knowledge of aquifer taxa diversity and biogeography. C1 [Forester, Richard M.; Carter, Claire] US Geol Survey, MS980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Smith, Alison J.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Quade, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM quadej@email.arizona.edu NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2017 VL 786 IS 1 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s10750-016-2966-5 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF0QO UT WOS:000390031100004 ER PT J AU Gemery, L Cronin, TM Briggs, WM Brouwers, EM Schornikov, EI Stepanova, A Wood, AM Yasuhara, M AF Gemery, Laura Cronin, Thomas M. Briggs, William M., Jr. Brouwers, Elisabeth M. Schornikov, Eugene I. Stepanova, Anna Wood, Adrian M. Yasuhara, Moriaki TI An Arctic and Subarctic ostracode database: biogeographic and paleoceanographic applications SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Benthic; Biogeography; Crustacea; Ecology; Ostracoda ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; QUATERNARY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LATE PLIOCENE; LAPTEV SEA; MARINE; PATTERNS; TAXONOMY; ASSEMBLAGES; PLEISTOCENE AB A new Arctic Ostracode Database-2015 (AOD-2015) provides census data for 96 species of benthic marine Ostracoda from 1340 modern surface sediments from the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas. Ostracoda is a meiofaunal, Crustacea group that secretes a bivalved calcareous (CaCO3) shell commonly preserved in sediments. Arctic and subarctic ostracode species have ecological limits controlled by temperature, salinity, oxygen, sea ice, food, and other habitat-related factors. Unique species ecology, shell chemistry (Mg/Ca ratios, stable isotopes), and limited stratigraphic ranges make them a useful tool for paleoceanographic reconstructions and biostratigraphy. The database, described here, will facilitate the investigation of modern ostracode biogeography, regional community structure, and ecology. These data, when compared to downcore faunal data from sediment cores, will provide a better understanding of how the Arctic has been affected by climatic and oceanographic change during the Quaternary. Images of all species and biogeographic distribution maps for selected species are presented, with brief discussion of representative species' biogeographic and ecological significance. Publication of AOD-2015 is open-sourced and will be available online at several public websites with latitude, longitude, water depth, and bottom water temperature for most samples. It includes material from Arctic abyssal plains and submarine ridges, continental slopes, and shelves of the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and several subarctic regions. C1 [Gemery, Laura; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Briggs, William M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brouwers, Elisabeth M.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schornikov, Eugene I.] Russian Acad Sci, Zhirmunsky Inst Marine Biol, Moscow, Russia. [Stepanova, Anna] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wood, Adrian M.] Coventry Univ, Sch Energy Construct & Environm, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Gemery, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM lgemery@usgs.gov; tcronin@usgs.gov OI Gemery, Laura/0000-0003-1966-8732 NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2017 VL 786 IS 1 BP 59 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2587-4 PG 37 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF0QO UT WOS:000390031100005 ER PT J AU Aanderud, ZT Schoolmaster, DR Rigby, D Bybee, J Campbell, T Roundy, BA AF Aanderud, Zachary T. Schoolmaster, Donald R. Rigby, Deborah Bybee, Jordon Campbell, Tayte Roundy, Bruce A. TI Soils mediate the impact of fine woody debris on invasive and native grasses as whole trees are mechanically shredded into firebreaks in pifion-juniper woodlands SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Mastication; Microbial biomass; Phosphorus; Pseudoroegneria spicata; Shredding ID GREAT-BASIN; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST; COARSE; DYNAMICS; AVAILABILITY; RESPONSES; PLANTS; CARBON; FIRE AB To stem wildfires, trees are being mechanically shredded into firebreaks with the resulting fine woody debris (FWD) potentially exerting immense control over soil and plants. We linked FWD-induced changes in microbial activity and nutrient availability to the frequency of Bromus tectorum and three native, perennial grasses across 31 pifion-juniper woodlands, UT, USA. Using a series of mixed models, we found that FWD increased the frequency of three of the four grasses by at least 12%. Deep, as opposed to shallow, soils mediated frequencies following FWD additions but only partially explained the variation in Bromus and Pseudoroegneria spicata. Although fertile areas associated with tree-islands elicited no response, FWD-induced increases in nitrogen mineralization in deep soils (15-17 cm) caused the frequency of the exotic and Pseudoroegneria to rise. Higher phosphorus availability in FWD-covered surface soils (0-2 cm) had no impact on grasses. FWD altered deep soil respiration, and deep and shallow microbial biomass structuring Pseudoroegneria frequencies, suggesting that microorganism themselves regulated Pseudoroegneria. The positive effects of FWD on grass frequencies intensified over time for natives but diminished for Bromus. Our results demonstrate that microorganisms in deeper soils helped mediate species-specific responses to disturbance both facilitating exotic invasion and promoting native establishment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aanderud, Zachary T.; Rigby, Deborah; Bybee, Jordon; Campbell, Tayte; Roundy, Bruce A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Schoolmaster, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Aanderud, ZT (reprint author), Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 4105 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM zachary_aanderud@byu.edu FU US Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP) [10-1-01-1] FX We thank the US Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP Project ID:10-1-01-1) for funding our research, and the USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service, and Division of Wildlife Resources in Utah for implementation of treatments and allowing this research on public and state lands. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 137 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.11.002 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE6NK UT WOS:000389729300009 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, DR Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK Munson, SM Tietjen, B Hall, SA Wilson, SD Duniway, MC Jia, G Pyke, DA Lkhagva, A Jamiyansharav, K AF Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Bradford, John B. Lauenroth, William K. Munson, Seth M. Tietjen, Britta Hall, Sonia A. Wilson, Scott D. Duniway, Michael C. Jia, Gensuo Pyke, David A. Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg Jamiyansharav, Khishigbayar TI Climate change reduces extent of temperate drylands and intensifies drought in deep soils SO Nature Communications LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; MODEL-DATA SYNTHESIS; NORTH-AMERICA; ELEVATED CO2; GLOBAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; BUDYKO FRAMEWORK; FACE EXPERIMENTS; NEXT-GENERATION AB Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial surface and provide important ecosystem services. While drylands as a whole are expected to increase in extent and aridity in coming decades, temperature and precipitation forecasts vary by latitude and geographic region suggesting different trajectories for tropical, subtropical, and temperate drylands. Uncertainty in the future of tropical and subtropical drylands is well constrained, whereas soil moisture and ecological droughts, which drive vegetation productivity and composition, remain poorly understood in temperate drylands. Here we show that, over the twenty first century, temperate drylands may contract by a third, primarily converting to subtropical drylands, and that deep soil layers could be increasingly dry during the growing season. These changes imply major shifts in vegetation and ecosystem service delivery. Our results illustrate the importance of appropriate drought measures and, as a global study that focuses on temperate drylands, highlight a distinct fate for these highly populated areas. C1 [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.] Univ Basel, Sect Conservat Biol, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.; Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Tietjen, Britta] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol Biodivers & Ecol Modeling, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Tietjen, Britta] Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Hall, Sonia A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Hall, Sonia A.] SAH Ecol LLC, 669 Crawford Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Wilson, Scott D.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Wilson, Scott D.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Jia, Gensuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg] Natl Univ Mongolia, Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongol Peo Rep. [Jamiyansharav, Khishigbayar] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Basel, Sect Conservat Biol, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.; Schlaepfer, DR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM daniel.schlaepfer@unibas.ch OI Schlaepfer, Daniel/0000-0001-9973-2065 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis - US Geological Survey; University of Wyoming FX This work was conducted as a part of the Climate Change and Ecohydrology in Temperate Dryland Ecosystems: A Global Assessment working group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the US Geological Survey. We thank the University of Wyoming for additional funding and computational resources. We thank Ryan Murphy for help with programming and data management. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Supplementary Table 8) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The use of any trade, product or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN 31 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14196 DI 10.1038/ncomms14196 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ2GD UT WOS:000393027200001 PM 28139649 ER PT J AU Pasternak, G Zviely, D Ribic, CA Ariel, A Spanier, E AF Pasternak, Galia Zviely, Dov Ribic, Christine A. Ariel, Asaf Spanier, Ehud TI Sources, composition and spatial distribution of marine debris along the Mediterranean coast of Israel SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Ecology; Marine pollution; Marine litter; Plastic; Environmental protection ID PLASTIC DEBRIS; LITTER; SEA; POLLUTION; FLOOR AB Marine debris (litter) is a complex problem that affects human activities and the marine environment worldwide. The Clean Coast Program in Israel has had some success in keeping most of the coasts clean most of the time, but without understanding the mechanisms of accumulation of marine debris on the coasts of Israel. In 2012, we initiated a study to characterize the types of marine debris, its origins and spatial distribution. Nineteen surveys were done from June 2012 to March 2015 on eight beaches that spanned the coast of Israel. Average debris density was 12.1 items per 100 m(2) and 90% of the items were plastic. The top debris categories were food wrappers and disposables, plastic bags and cigarette butts. However, there was variation in the top debris categories among the beaches indicating that a flexible approach with multiple options will be important when addressing the marine debris problem. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pasternak, Galia; Spanier, Ehud] Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Dept Maritime Civilizat, 199 Aba Khoushi Ave, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. [Zviely, Dov] Ruppin Acad Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, IL-40297 Michmoret, Israel. [Zviely, Dov; Spanier, Ehud] Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Leon Recanati Inst Maritime Studies, 199 Aba Khoushi Ave, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. [Ariel, Asaf] Ecoocean Marine Res & Educ, IL-37804 Sdot Yam, Israel. RP Pasternak, G (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Dept Maritime Civilizat, 199 Aba Khoushi Ave, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. EM galia_ps@hotmail.com FU Hatter Grant for Maritime Studies, Marine Environmental Protection Division in The Ministry of Environmental Protection, Israel FX This study was partially supported by the Hatter Grant for Maritime Studies, Marine Environmental Protection Division in The Ministry of Environmental Protection, Israel and by the non-profit organization Ecoocean. A special thanks to our friends who came to count marine debris and our colleagues Noam van der Hal and Dr. Dror Angle from the Department of Maritime Civilizations (University of Haifa) and his lab students for their insights. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN 30 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 2 BP 1036 EP 1045 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EK4XR UT WOS:000393931700047 PM 27889073 ER PT J AU Yeck, WL Hayes, GP McNamara, DE Rubinstein, JL Barnhart, WD Earle, PS Benz, HM AF Yeck, W. L. Hayes, G. P. McNamara, D. E. Rubinstein, J. L. Barnhart, W. D. Earle, P. S. Benz, H. M. TI Oklahoma experiences largest earthquake during ongoing regional wastewater injection hazard mitigation efforts SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic; induced; Oklahoma; earthquake; mitigation ID FLUID INJECTION; SEISMICITY; SEQUENCE; INCREASE; TEXAS AB The 3 September 2016, M-w 5.8 Pawnee earthquake was the largest recorded earthquake in the state of Oklahoma. Seismic and geodetic observations of the Pawnee sequence, including precise hypocenter locations and moment tensor modeling, shows that the Pawnee earthquake occurred on a previously unknown left-lateral strike-slip basement fault that intersects the mapped right-lateral Labette fault zone. The Pawnee earthquake is part of an unprecedented increase in the earthquake rate in Oklahoma that is largely considered the result of the deep injection of waste fluids from oil and gas production. If this is, indeed, the case for the M5.8 Pawnee earthquake, then this would be the largest event to have been induced by fluid injection. Since 2015, Oklahoma has undergone wide-scale mitigation efforts primarily aimed at reducing injection volumes. Thus far in 2016, the rate of M3 and greater earthquakes has decreased as compared to 2015, while the cumulative momentor energy released from earthquakeshas increased. This highlights the difficulty in earthquake hazard mitigation efforts given the poorly understood long-term diffusive effects of wastewater injection and their connection to seismicity. C1 [Yeck, W. L.; Hayes, G. P.; McNamara, D. E.; Earle, P. S.; Benz, H. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rubinstein, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barnhart, W. D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Yeck, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wyeck@usgs.gov OI McNamara, Daniel/0000-0001-6860-0350 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1002/2016GL071685 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600014 ER PT J AU Jacquet, J Mccoy, SW McGrath, D Nimick, DA Fahey, M O'kuinghttons, J Friesen, BA Leidich, J AF Jacquet, J. McCoy, S. W. McGrath, D. Nimick, D. A. Fahey, M. O'kuinghttons, J. Friesen, B. A. Leidich, J. TI Hydrologic and geomorphic changes resulting from episodic glacial lake outburst floods: Rio Colonia, Patagonia, Chile SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GLOF; jokulhlaup; sediment transport; flood; geomorphology; cryosphere ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MOUNT EVEREST REGION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ICEFIELD; RIVER; JOKULHLAUPS; MAGNITUDE; SEDIMENT; ICELAND; HAZARDS AB Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a prominent but poorly understood cryospheric hazard in a warming climate. We quantify the hydrologic and geomorphic response to 21 episodic GLOFs that began in April 2008 using multitemporal satellite imagery and field observations. Peak discharge exiting the source lake became progressively muted downstream. At similar to 40-60km downstream, where the floods entered and traveled down the main stem Rio Baker, peak discharges were generally<2000m(3)s(-1), although these flows were still >1-2 times the peak annual discharge of this system, Chile's largest river by volume. As such, caution must be applied to empirical relationships relating lake volume to peak discharge, as the latter is dependent on where this observation is made along the flood path. The GLOFs and subsequent periods of free drainage resulted in>40m of incision, the net removal of similar to 25x10(6)m(3) of sediment from the source lake basin, and a nonsteady channel configuration downstream. These results demonstrate that GLOFs sourced from low-order tributaries can produce significant floods on major main stem rivers, in addition to significantly altering sediment dynamics. C1 [Jacquet, J.; McCoy, S. W.] Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McGrath, D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McGrath, D.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Nimick, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. [Fahey, M.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [O'kuinghttons, J.] Minist Publ Works, Coyhaique, Chile. [Leidich, J.] Patagonia Adventure Expedit, Cochrane, Chile. RP Mccoy, SW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM scottmccoy@unr.edu OI MCGRATH, DANIEL/0000-0002-9462-6842 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 854 EP 864 DI 10.1002/2016GL071374 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600031 ER PT J AU Lyons, WB Bullen, TD Welch, KA AF Lyons, W. Berry Bullen, Thomas D. Welch, Kathleen A. TI Ca isotopic geochemistry of an Antarctic aquatic system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE McMurdo Dry Valleys; polar desert; Ca isotopes; chemical weathering; geochemistry ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; TAYLOR VALLEY; LAKE HOARE; VICTORIA LAND; STREAMS; CALCIUM; FRACTIONATION; EVOLUTION; FRYXELL; WATER AB The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a polar desert ecosystem. The hydrologic system of the dry valleys is linked to climate with ephemeral streams that flow from glacial melt during the austral summer. Past climate variations have strongly influenced the closed-basin, chemically stratified lakes on the valley floor. Results of previous work point to important roles for both in-stream processes (e.g., mineral weathering, precipitation and dissolution of salts) and in-lake processes (e.g., mixing with paleo-seawater and calcite precipitation) in determining the geochemistry of these lakes. These processes have a significant influence on calcium (Ca) biogeochemistry in this aquatic ecosystem, and thus variations in Ca stable isotope compositions of the waters can aid in validating the importance of these processes. We have analyzed the Ca stable isotope compositions of streams and lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The results validate the important roles of weathering of aluminosilicate minerals and/or CaCO3 in the hyporheic zone of the streams, and mixing of lake surface water with paleo-seawater and precipitation of Ca-salts during cryo-concentration events to form the deep lake waters. The lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys evolved following different geochemical pathways, evidenced by their unique, nonsystematic Ca isotope signatures. C1 [Lyons, W. Berry; Welch, Kathleen A.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lyons, W. Berry; Welch, Kathleen A.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Water Miss Area, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lyons, WB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Lyons, WB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lyons.142@osu.edu FU NSF grant OPP [ANT-1115245]; National Research Program of the USGS Water Mission Area FX We are grateful to our many MCM-LTER colleagues, especially John Priscu, Diane McKnight, Amy Chiuchiolo, and the limno team and stream team members for the collection and processing of these samples. This work was supported in part through NSF grant OPP ANT-1115245. The long-term chemistry data from the McMurdo Dry Valley stream and lakes can be found at http://www.mcmlter.org/. This is Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center contribution 1561. T.D. B. acknowledges the support of the National Research Program of the USGS Water Mission Area. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 882 EP 891 DI 10.1002/2016GL071169 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600034 ER PT J AU Overbeck, JR Long, JW Stockdon, HF AF Overbeck, J. R. Long, J. W. Stockdon, H. F. TI Testing model parameters for wave-induced dune erosion using observations from Hurricane Sandy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; dune erosion; collision; wave runup; wave impact ID IMPACT; STORMS AB Models of dune erosion depend on a set of assumptions that dictate the predicted evolution of dunes throughout the duration of a storm. Lidar observations made before and after Hurricane Sandy at over 800 profiles with diverse dune elevations, widths, and volumes are used to quantify specific dune erosion model parameters including the dune face slope, which controls dune avalanching, and the trajectory of the dune toe, which controls dune migration. Wave-impact models of dune erosion assume a vertical dune face and erosion of the dune toe along the foreshore beach slope. Observations presented here show that these assumptions are not always valid and require additional testing if these models are to be used to predict coastal vulnerability for decision-making purposes. Observed dune face slopes steepened by 43% yet did not become vertical faces, and only 50% of the dunes evolved along a trajectory similar to the foreshore beach slope. Observations also indicate that dune crests were lowered during dune erosion. Moreover, analysis showed a correspondence between dune lowering and narrower beaches, smaller dune volumes, and/or longer wave impact. C1 [Overbeck, J. R.; Long, J. W.; Stockdon, H. F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Overbeck, J. R.] State Alaska, Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Overbeck, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.; Overbeck, JR (reprint author), State Alaska, Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Anchorage, AK USA. EM jacquelyn.overbeck@alaska.gov; jwlong@usgs.gov FU Department of Interior; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Department of Interior through Hurricane Sandy supplemental support and by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Authors thank John Warner for supplying the COAWST model output which can be accessed at http://cmgdata.usgs.portals.net/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Lidar data used in this paper can be obtained from the following links: Maryland prestorm (https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12a/data/1176), New Jersey pre-storm (https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds767), New York prestorm (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/datarelease/doi-F7513WBW), New Jersey post- storm (https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds767), and New York and Maryland post- storm (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/765/pubs765/index.html). The COAWST model hindcast is available at http://cmgdata.usgsportals.net/. Additional questions can be directed to jacquelyn. overbeck@alaska.gov or jwlong@usgs.gov. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 937 EP 945 DI 10.1002/2016GL071991 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600040 ER PT J AU Edwards, LE Harper, DAT Gibbard, PL AF Edwards, Lucy E. Harper, David A. T. Gibbard, Philip L. TI Anthropocene: keep communication clear SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Harper, David A. T.] Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Gibbard, Philip L.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Edwards, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM leedward@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 26 PY 2017 VL 541 IS 7638 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6LX UT WOS:000396116600029 ER PT J AU Clark, AM Fagre, DB Peitzsch, EH Reardon, BA Harper, JT AF Clark, Adam M. Fagre, Daniel B. Peitzsch, Erich H. Reardon, Blase A. Harper, Joel T. TI Glaciological measurements and mass balances from Sperry Glacier, Montana, USA, years 2005-2015 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB Glacier mass balance measurements help to provide an understanding of the behavior of glaciers and their response to local and regional climate. In 2005 the United States Geological Survey established a surface mass balance monitoring program on Sperry Glacier, Montana, USA. This project is the first quantitative study of mass changes of a glacier in the US northern Rocky Mountains and continues to the present. The following paper describes the methods used during the first 11 years of measurements and reports the associated results. From 2005 to 2015, Sperry Glacier had a cumulative mean mass balance loss of 4.37mw. e. (water equivalent). The mean winter, summer, and annual glacier-wide mass balances were 2.92, -3.41, and -0.40mw. e. yr(-1) respectively. We derive these cumulative and mean results from an expansive data set of snow depth, snow density, and ablation measurements taken at selected points on the glacier. These data allow for the determination of mass balance point values and a time series of seasonal and annual glacier-wide mass balances for all 11 measurement years. We also provide measurements of glacier extent and accumulation areas for select years. All data have been submitted to the World Glacier Monitoring Service and are available at doi: 10.5904/wgms-fog-2016-08. This foundational work provides valuable insight about Sperry Glacier and supplies additional data to the worldwide record of glaciers measured using the glaciological method. Future research will focus on the processes that control accumulation and ablation patterns across the glacier. Also we plan to examine the uncertainties related to our methods and eventually quantify a more robust estimate of error associated with our results. C1 [Clark, Adam M.; Fagre, Daniel B.; Peitzsch, Erich H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 215 Mather Dr,Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Reardon, Blase A.] Colorado Avalanche Informat Ctr, 1611 Defiance Dr, Carbondale, CO 81623 USA. [Harper, Joel T.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, 32 Campus Dr 1296, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Clark, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 215 Mather Dr,Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM amclark@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This research was supported by the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Help with fieldwork was provided by a large group of field technicians and volunteers over the years. The authors would like to thank Mauri Pelto, Jon Riedel, and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and insight, which greatly improved this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PD JAN 23 PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.5194/essd-9-47-2017 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM6GS UT WOS:000395411500001 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Defne, Z Kirwan, ML Fagherazzi, S D'Alpaos, A Carniello, L AF Ganju, Neil K. Defne, Zafer Kirwan, Matthew L. Fagherazzi, Sergio D'Alpaos, Andrea Carniello, Luca TI Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TIDAL WETLAND STABILITY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; RESILIENCE; ACCRETION; COLLAPSE; FLUX; BAY; VEGETATION AB Salt marshes are valued for their ecosystem services, and their vulnerability is typically assessed through biotic and abiotic measurements at individual points on the landscape. However, lateral erosion can lead to rapid marsh loss as marshes build vertically. Marsh sediment budgets represent a spatially integrated measure of competing constructive and destructive forces: a sediment surplus may result in vertical growth and/or lateral expansion, while a sediment deficit may result in drowning and/or lateral contraction. Here we show that sediment budgets of eight microtidal marsh complexes consistently scale with areal unvegetated/vegetated marsh ratios (UVVR) suggesting these metrics are broadly applicable indicators of microtidal marsh vulnerability. All sites are exhibiting a sediment deficit, with half the sites having projected lifespans of less than 350 years at current rates of sea-level rise and sediment availability. These results demonstrate that open-water conversion and sediment deficits are holistic and sensitive indicators of salt marsh vulnerability. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Defne, Zafer] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Sci, 1375 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Fagherazzi, Sergio] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [D'Alpaos, Andrea; Carniello, Luca] Univ Padua, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Via 8 Febbraio, I-35122 Padua 2, Italy. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; NSF GLD [1529245]; NSF Coastal SEES [1426981]; NSF LTER [1237733, 1637630]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This study was part of the Estuarine Physical Response to Storms project (GS2-2D), supported by the Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. M.L.K. acknowledges funding from NSF GLD 1529245, NSF Coastal SEES 1426981, NSF LTER 1237733, and the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. S.F. acknowledges funding from NSF LTER 1237733, NSF LTER 1637630 and the Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program (project GS2-2D). Marinna Martini, Ellyn Montgomery, Jonathan Borden, Christine Sabens, Patrick Dickhudt, Sandra Brosnahan, Steven Suttles, Roland Hagan, Karen Thorne, Chase Freeman, Christopher Sherwood, Dan Nowacki, Patrick Brennand and Kyle Derby are acknowledged for assistance with this study. Namsoo Suk provided data for site SC. Erika Lentz and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN 23 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14156 DI 10.1038/ncomms14156 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EI3QZ UT WOS:000392407700001 PM 28112167 ER PT J AU Flannery, JA Richey, JN Thirumalai, K Poore, RZ DeLong, KL AF Flannery, Jennifer A. Richey, Julie N. Thirumalai, Kaustubh Poore, Richard Z. DeLong, Kristine L. TI Multi-species coral Sr/Ca-based sea-surface temperature reconstruction using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from the Florida Straits SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sclerochronolgy; Paleoclimatology; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Sr/Ca; Orbicella faveolata; Siderastrea siderea ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WARM POOL; HEMISPHERE; RECORDS; CALIBRATION; RAINFALL AB We present new, monthly-resolved Sr/Ca-based sea-surface temperature (SST) records from two species of massive coral, Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea, from the Dry Tortugas National Park, Ft, USA (DTNP). We combine these new records with published data from three additional S. siderea coral colonies to generate a 278-year long multi-species stacked Sr/Ca-SST record from DTNP. The composite record of mean annual Sr/Ca-SST at DTNP shows pronounced decadal-scale variability with a range of 1 to 2 degrees C. Notable cool intervals in the Sr/Ca-derived SST lasting about a decade centered at -1845, -1935, and -1965 are associated with reduced summer Sr/Ca-SST (monthly maxima <29 degrees C), and imply a reduction in the spatial extent of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP). There is significant coherence between the composite DTNP Sr/Ca-SST record and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index, with the AMO lagging Sr/Ca-SST at DTNP by 9 years. Low frequency variability in the Gulf Stream surface transport, which originates near DTNP, may provide a link for the lagged relationship between multidecadal variability at DTNP and the AMO. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flannery, Jennifer A.; Richey, Julie N.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Thirumalai, Kaustubh] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, JJ Pickle Res Campus,Bldg 196, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Thirumalai, Kaustubh] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Univ Stn C9000, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [DeLong, Kristine L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, IA 70803 USA. RP Flannery, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflannery@usgs.gov; jrichey@usgs.gov; kau@ig.utexas.edu; kdelong@lsu.edu OI Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Research & Development Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We thank Don Hickey, Chris Reich, B.J. Reynolds, and Jordan Sanford from the United States Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, the M/V Fort Jefferson crew, and Dry Tortugas National Park personnel for field assistance during this study. Daniel Umberger, Adis Muslic, Tara Roeder, and Kelsey Roberts from the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center provided assistance with sample preparation. Tony Greco provided scanning electron microscope assistance. We thank Christopher Maupin from Texas A&M University and Lauren Toth from the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center for discussions that improved the manuscript. We appreciate helpful reviews from Brad Rosenheim and an anonymous reviewer. This research was funded jointly using base fuding from the USGS Climate and Land Use Research & Development Program and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. The study was conducted under scientific research permits DTNP-2008-SCI-0015 and DTNP-2012-SCI-0001. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 466 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.022 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EI8OQ UT WOS:000392766900008 ER PT J AU Li, YF Zhang, TW Ellis, GS Shao, DY AF Li, Yanfang Zhang, Tongwei Ellis, Geoffrey S. Shao, Deyong TI Depositional environment and organic matter accumulation of Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian marine shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Longmaxi Formation; Palaeoenvironment; Trace element; Redox condition; Primary productivity; Shale gas ID SEDIMENTARY GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS; WATER-COLUMN ANOXIA; BLACK-SHALE; LATEST ORDOVICIAN; SICHUAN BASIN; MASS EXTINCTION; PALEOENVIRONMENT INTERPRETATION; HIRNANTIAN GLACIATION AB The main controlling factors of organic matter accumulation in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formations are complex and remain highly controversial. This study investigates the vertical variation of total organic carbon (TOC) content as well as major and trace element concentrations of four Ordovician-Silurian transition sections from the Upper Yangtze Platform of South China to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of these deposits and to improve our understanding of those factors that have influenced organic matter accumulation in these deposits. The residual TOC content of the Wufeng Formation averages 3.2% and ranges from 0.12 to 6.0%. The overlying lower Longmaxi Formation displays higher TOC content (avg. 4.4%), followed upsection by consistent and lower values that average 1.6% in the upper Longmaxi Formation. The concentration and covariation of redox-sensitive trace elements (Mo, U and V) suggest that organic-rich intervals of the Wufeng Formation accumulated under predominantly anoxic conditions. Organic-rich horizons of the lower Longmaxi Formation were deposited under strongly anoxic to euxinic conditions, whereas organic-poor intervals of the upper Longmaxi Formation accumulated under suboxic conditions. Positive correlations between redox proxies and TOC contents suggest that organic matter accumulation was predominantly controlled by preservation. Barium excess (Ba-xs) values indicate high paleoproductivity throughout the entire depositional sequence, with an increase in the lower Longmaxi Formation. Increased productivity may have been induced by enhanced P recycling, as evidenced by elevated C-org/P-tot ratios. Mo-U covariation and Mo/TOC values reveal that the Wufeng Formation was deposited under extremely restricted conditions, whereas the Longmaxi Formation accumulated under moderately restricted conditions. During the Late Ordovician, the extremely restricted nature of ocean circulation on the Upper Yangtze Platform in tandem with enhanced stratification of the water column promoted anoxic conditions favorable for the preservation of organic matter. During Early Silurian time, organic matter accumulation was principally controlled by changes in sea level, which affected terrigenous flux, redox conditions, and the degree of nutrition recycling. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yanfang; Shao, Deyong] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Li, Yanfang] Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Key Lab Mineral Resources Western China, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Tongwei] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX USA. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhang, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX USA. EM tongwei.zhang@beg.utexas.edu FU National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB214701]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41072092] FX We thank Xinan Yan for assistance with fieldwork and Lijun Chen for providing additional samples from the Qianqian #1 well. We also thank Zungang LV and Lansheng Wang, who provided constructive suggestions for the selection of two outcrop sections. This study was financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2012CB214701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: 41072092). We thank all the reviewers for their constructive suggestions. In particular, we are sincerely grateful to reviewers Junpeng Zhang and Gary Lash, and Editor Thomas Algeo for their time, comments and corrections to improve the original manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 466 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.037 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EI8OQ UT WOS:000392766900021 ER PT J AU Charles, H Titus, T Hayward, R Edwards, C Ahrens, C AF Charles, Heather Titus, Timothy Hayward, Rosalyn Edwards, Christopher Ahrens, Caitlin TI Comparison of the mineral composition of the sediment found in two Mars dunefields: Ogygis Undae and Gale crater - three distinct endmembers identified SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; aeolian; dunes; fields; TES; THEMIS ID HIGHLANDS; CURIOSITY; MISSION; TES AB The composition of two dune fields, Ogygis Undae and the NE SW trending dune field in Gale crater (the "Bagnold Dune Field" and "Western Dune Field"), were analyzed using thermal emission spectra from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). The Gale crater dune field was used as a baseline as other orbital compositional analyses have been conducted, and in situ, sampling results will soon be available. Results from unmixing thermal emission spectra showed a spatial variation between feldspar mineral abundances and pyroxene mineral abundances in Ogygis Undae. Other datasets, including nighttime thermal inertia values, also showed variation throughout the dune field. One explanation proposed for this variation is a bimodal distribution of two sand populations. This distribution is seen in some terrestrial dune fields. The two dune fields varied in both mineral types present and in uniformity of composition. These differences point to different source lithologies and different distances travelled from source material. Examining these differences further will allow for a greater understanding of aeolian processes on Mars. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Charles, Heather] NAU, USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Titus, Timothy; Hayward, Rosalyn; Edwards, Christopher] USGS, Reston, VA USA. [Ahrens, Caitlin] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM hcharles@usgs.gov FU NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics [NNH14AX98I]; Mars Odyssey Programs FX We would like to thank Dr. Lauren Edgar and Dr. Lori Fenton for their insightful comments in the process of writing this paper. This project was partially funded through NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics (NNH14AX98I, "Mars Dune Field Mineral Composition - A Global Assessment of Sediment Composition and Maturity.") and the Mars Odyssey Programs. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 458 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.022 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EI7NO UT WOS:000392685100014 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Wilson, RR AF Twedt, Daniel J. Wilson, R. Randy TI Breeding birds in managed forests on public conservation lands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildlife-forestry; Birds; Bottomland hardwoods; Occupancy; Density ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; MULTISCALE OCCUPANCY ESTIMATION; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE; WILDLIFE; ASSEMBLAGES; LOUISIANA; SONGBIRDS; SELECTION; DENSITY AB Managers of public conservation lands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley have implemented forest management strategies to improve bottomland hardwood habitat for target wildlife species. Through implementation of various silvicultural practices, forest managers have sought to attain forest structural conditions (e.g., canopy cover, basal area, etc.) within values postulated to benefit wildlife. We evaluated data from point count surveys of breeding birds on 180 silviculturally treated stands (1049 counts) that ranged from 1 to 20 years post-treatment and 134 control stands (676 counts) that had not been harvested for >20 years. Birds detected during 10-min counts were recorded within four distance classes and three time intervals. Avian diversity was greater on treated stands than on unharvested stands. Of 42 commonly detected species, six species including Prothonotary Warbler (Prothonotaria citrea) and Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) were indicative of control stands. Similarly, six species including Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) and Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) were indicative of treated stands. Using a removal model to assess probability of detection, we evaluated occupancy of bottomland forests at two spatial scales (stands and points within occupied stands). Wildlife-forestry treatment improved predictive models of species occupancy for 18 species. We found years post treatment (range = 1-20), total basal area, and overstory canopy were important species-specific predictors of occupancy, whereas variability in basal area was not. In addition, we used a removal model to estimate species-specific probability of availability for detection, and a distance model to estimate effective detection radius. We used these two estimated parameters to derive species densities and 95% confidence intervals for treated and unharvested stands. Avian densities differed between treated and control stands for 16 species, but only Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) and Yellow-breasted Chat had greater densities on treated stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.] Univ Memphis, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Wilson, R. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6578 Dogwood View Pkwy,Suite B, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Memphis, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 384 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.031 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EG0MT UT WOS:000390727600020 ER PT J AU Hannah, TI Tirpak, JM Wathen, G Loman, ZG Evans, DL Rush, SA AF Hannah, Taylor I. Tirpak, John M. Wathen, Greg Loman, Zachary G. Evans, David L. Rush, Scott A. TI Influence of landscape- and stand-scale factors on avian communities to aid in open pine restoration SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bachman's Sparrow; Indicator species; Longleaf pine; Occupancy; Open pine; Red-cockaded Woodpecker ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; LONGLEAF PINE; GRASSLAND RESTORATION; NORTHERN BOBWHITES; HABITAT; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; MODELS; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Determining species occurrence in ecosystems of high conservation concern is especially important for recommending habitat management techniques and identifying suitable restoration sites. We investigated (1) how stand- and landscape-scale attributes affect occupancy of priority bird species associated with longleaf pine (Pines palutris) ecosystems, (2) if these priority birds can be used as indicator species for desired open pine forest structure, and (3) if these indicator species are positively correlated with greater avian richness. We compared priority bird occupancy among 12 stand types (habitat types) throughout the historic range of longleaf pine in Mississippi. We found stands resembling the historic longleaf pine ecosystem were positively associated with Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis) occupancy probabilities, but were not significantly correlated with Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) or Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla) occupancy. Both of which were too generalized in their occurrence to be useful indicators. Red-cockaded Woodpecker and Bachman's Sparrow occupancy probabilities positively correlated with desired forest structure metrics of longleaf pine ecosystems such as low midstory density (<10%) and basal area (9.2-16.1 m(2)/ha) and 40-60% canopy cover suggesting they are effective indicators of historic longleaf pine conditions. Co-occurrence of Red-cockaded Woodpecker and Bachman's Sparrow was positively correlated with avian richness, indicating these species can be used in conjunction as effective indicators for desired open pine endpoints used for restoration and management. Inclusion of priority bird species in management efforts provides assurance that restored areas will incorporate desired forest structure endpoints that have been linked to open pine priority bird presence. Correlation between priority bird species and avian species richness ensures restored areas provide suitable habitat for local avian communities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hannah, Taylor I.; Loman, Zachary G.; Rush, Scott A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Tirpak, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Restorat Program, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Wathen, Greg] Gulf Coastal Plains & Ozarks LCC, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, POB 40747, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. [Evans, David L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, POB 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Hannah, TI (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildl & Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tayihann4@gmail.com; john_tirpak@fws.gov; greg.wathen@tn.gov; zac206@yahoo.com; dle2@msstate.edu; scott.rush@msstate.edu FU Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University; Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis project [MISZ-082100] FX The authors thank the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University and the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative for funding and conceiving this research. We also thank the technicians who assisted in collecting data, Tim Carley, who provided access to all of the private lands used in this project, and all of the National Wildlife Refuges, Wildlife Management Areas, and National Forests that allowed us to conduct this research on their lands and provided us with housing. We thank Drs. Jeffrey Gleason and Kristine Evans for editing the manuscript and providing additional resources such as help with ArcGIS and pertinent literature. This publication is a contribution of the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University and is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis project under accession number MISZ-082100. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 384 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.054 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EG0MT UT WOS:000390727600040 ER PT J AU Grant, GE O'Connor, J Safran, E AF Grant, Gordon E. O'Connor, Jim Safran, Elizabeth TI Excursions in fluvial (dis)continuity SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial processes; Continuity; Conceptual models; Connectivity ID RIVER INCISION MODEL; GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES; DETERMINISTIC CHAOS; STREAMS; LANDSCAPE; MORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY; HABITAT; TIME; HETEROGENEITY AB Lurking below the twin concepts of connectivity and disconnectivity are their first, and in some ways, richer cousins: continuity and discontinuity. In this paper we explore how continuity and discontinuity represent fundamental and complementary perspectives in fluvial geomorphology, and how these perspectives inform and underlie our conceptions of connectivity in landscapes and rivers. We examine the historical roots of continuum and discontinuum thinking, and how much of our understanding of geomorphology rests on contrasting views of continuity and discontinuity. By continuum thinking we refer to a conception of geomorphic processes as well as geomorphic features that are expressed along continuous gradients without abrupt changes, transitions, or thresholds. Balance of forces, graded streams, and hydraulic geometry are all examples of this perspective. The continuum view has played a prominent role in diverse disciplinary fields, including ecology, paleontology, and evolutionary biology, in large part because it allows us to treat complex phenomena as orderly progressions and invoke or assume equilibrium processes that introduce order and prediction into our sciences. In contrast the discontinuous view is a distinct though complementary conceptual framework that incorporates non-uniform, non-progressive, and non-equilibrium thinking into understanding geomorphic processes and landscapes. We distinguish and discuss examples of three different ways in which discontinuous thinking can be expressed: 1) discontinuous spatial arrangements or singular events; 2) specific process domains generally associated with thresholds, either intrinsic or extrinsic; and 3) physical dynamics or changes in state, again often threshold-linked. In moving beyond the continuous perspective, a fertile set of ideas comes into focus: thresholds, non-equilibrium states, heterogeneity, catastrophe. The range of phenomena that is thereby opened up to scientific exploration similarly expands: punctuated episodes of cutting and filling, discretization of landscapes into hierarchies of structure and control, the work of extreme events. Orderly and progressive evolution towards a steady or ideal state is replaced by chaotic episodes of disturbance and recovery. Recent developments in the field of geomorphology suggest that we may be on the cusp of a new paradigm that recognizes that both continuous and discontinuous processes and mechanisms play a role in fluvial processes and landscape evolution with neither holding sway over the other and both needed to see rivers as they are. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Grant, Gordon E.] Oregon State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [O'Connor, Jim] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Safran, Elizabeth] Lewis & Clark Coll, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Grant, GE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ggrant@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 277 SI SI BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.033 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EF9AL UT WOS:000390623000011 ER PT J AU May, C Roering, J Snow, K Griswold, K Gresswell, R AF May, Christine Roering, Josh Snow, Kyle Griswold, Kitty Gresswell, Robert TI The waterfall paradox: How knickpoints disconnect hillslope and channel processes, isolating salmonid populations in ideal habitats SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Knickpoints; Salmonid habitat; Disturbance ecology; Shallow landslides ID OREGON COAST RANGE; BROOK TROUT POPULATION; TRIPLE JUNCTION REGION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; DEBRIS FLOW; COHO SALMON; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS AB Waterfalls create barriers to fish migration, yet hundreds of isolated salmonid populations exist above barriers and have persisted for thousands of years in steep mountainous terrain. Ecological theory indicates that small isolated populations in disturbance-prone landscapes are at greatest risk of extirpation because immigration and re colonization are not possible. On the contrary, many above-barrier populations are currently thriving while their downstream counterparts are dwindling. This quandary led us to explore geomorphic knickpoints as a mechanism for disconnecting hillslope and channel processes by limiting channel incision and decreasing the pace of base-level lowering. Using LiDAR from the Oregon Coast Range, we found gentler channel gradients, wider valleys, lower gradient hillslopes, and less shallow landslide potential in an above-barrier catchment compared to a neighboring catchment devoid of persistent knickpoints. Based on this unique geomorphic template, above-barrier channel networks are less prone to debris flows and other episodic sediment fluxes. These above-barrier catchments also have greater resiliency to flooding, owing to wider valleys with greater floodplain connectivity. Habitat preference models further indicate that salmonid habitat is present in greater quantity and quality in these above-barrier networks. Therefore the paradox of the persistence of small isolated fish populations may be facilitated by a geomorphic mechanism that both limits their connectivity to larger fish populations yet dampens the effect of disturbance by decreasing connections between hillslope and channel processes above geomorphic knickpoints. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [May, Christine; Snow, Kyle] James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 24401 USA. [Roering, Josh] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, 325C Cascade Hall, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Griswold, Kitty] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 921 S 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Gresswell, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP May, C (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 24401 USA. EM maycl@jmu.edu; jroering@uoregon.edu; griskitt@isu.edu; bgresswell@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 277 SI SI BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.029 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EF9AL UT WOS:000390623000017 ER PT J AU Birch, SPD Hayes, AG Dietrich, WE Howard, AD Bristow, CS Malaska, MJ Moore, JM Mastrogiuseppe, M Hofgartner, JD Williams, DA White, OL Soderblom, JM Barnes, JW Turtle, EP Lunine, JI Wood, CA Neish, CD Kirk, RL Stofan, ER Lorenz, RD Lopes, RMC AF Birch, S. P. D. Hayes, A. G. Dietrich, W. E. Howard, A. D. Bristow, C. S. Malaska, M. J. Moore, J. M. Mastrogiuseppe, M. Hofgartner, J. D. Williams, D. A. White, O. L. Soderblom, J. M. Barnes, J. W. Turtle, E. P. Lunine, J. I. Wood, C. A. Neish, C. D. Kirk, R. L. Stofan, E. R. Lorenz, R. D. Lopes, R. M. C. TI Geomorphologic mapping of titan's polar terrains: Constraining surface processes and landscape evolution SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes; Titan hydrology; Titan surface ID CASSINI RADAR; FLUVIAL EROSION; SALINITY CRISIS; SEAS; TOPOGRAPHY; LAKES; SHORELINES; EVAPORITES; MORPHOLOGY; FEATURES AB We present a geomorphologic map of Titan's polar terrains. The map was generated from a combination of Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Imaging Science Subsystem imaging products, as well as altimetry, SARTopo and radargrammetry topographic datasets. In combining imagery with topographic data, our geomorphologic map reveals a stratigraphic sequence from which we infer process interactions between units. In mapping both polar regions with the same geomorphologic units, we conclude that processes that formed the terrains of the north polar region also acted to form the landscape we observe at the south. Uniform, SAR-dark plains are interpreted as sedimentary deposits, and are bounded by moderately dissected uplands. These plains contain the highest density of filled and empty lake depressions, and canyons. These units unconformably overlay a basement rock that outcrops as mountains and SARbright dissected terrains at various elevations across both poles. All these units are then superposed by surficial units that slope towards the seas, suggestive of subsequent overland transport of sediment. From estimates of the depths of the embedded empty depressions and canyons that drain into the seas, the SAR-dark plains must be >600 m thick in places, though the thickness may vary across the poles. At the lowest elevations of each polar region, there are large seas, which are currently liquid methane/ethane filled at the north and empty at the south. The large plains deposits and the surrounding hillslopes may represent remnant landforms that are a result of previously vast polar oceans, where larger liquid bodies may have allowed for a sustained accumulation of soluble and insoluble sediments, potentially forming layered sedimentary deposits. Coupled with vertical crustal movements, the resulting layers would be of varying solubilities and erosional resistances, allowing formation of the complex landscape that we observe today. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Birch, S. P. D.; Hayes, A. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hayes, A. G.; Mastrogiuseppe, M.; Hofgartner, J. D.; Lunine, J. I.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dietrich, W. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howard, A. D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Bristow, C. S.] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London, England. [Malaska, M. J.; Hofgartner, J. D.; Lopes, R. M. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Moore, J. M.] NASA Ames Res Facil, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Soderblom, J. M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Boston, MA USA. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. [Turtle, E. P.; Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Wood, C. A.] Planetary Sci Inst Tucson, Tucson, AZ USA. [Neish, C. D.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Div, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] UCL, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Birch, SPD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sb2222@cornell.edu OI Birch, Samuel/0000-0002-4578-1694 FU NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program [NNX13AG03G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [5-PLANET5F-0011]; Outer Planets Research Program [NNX14AT29G]; NASA; ESA; ASI FX All data for this mapping project are located at the following webpage: http://www.geomorph-sbirch.com/data-products/. SPDB, AGH, WED, JWB, EPT, and RLK were funded by a NASA Cassini Data Analysis Program: Grant NNX13AG03G, and SPDB by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program: Grant 5-PLANET5F-0011. DAW was funded for Titan geologic mapping under grant NNX14AT29G from the Outer Planets Research Program. This research was also supported by the Cassini-Huygens mission, a cooperative endeavor of NASA, ESA, and ASI managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. We would like to thank two reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. We would especially like to thank Thomas Cornet for a very thorough and thoughtful review that significantly improved the manuscript. Finally, we would also like to acknowledge the entire Cassini RADAR team for the acquisition of the radar data, and Paul Corlies for comments and revisions of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 282 BP 214 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.003 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ED0PX UT WOS:000388545500018 ER PT J AU Nishizawa, B Matsuno, K Labunski, EA Kuletz, KJ Yamaguchi, A Watanuki, Y AF Nishizawa, Bungo Matsuno, Kohei Labunski, Elizabeth A. Kuletz, Kathy J. Yamaguchi, Atsushi Watanuki, Yutaka TI Seasonal distribution of short-tailed shearwaters and their prey in the Bering and Chukchi seas SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER MASS CHARACTERISTICS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; COUNTING SEABIRDS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE-BIRD; EUPHAUSIIDS; SHELF; ECOSYSTEM AB The short-tailed shearwater (Ardenna tenuirostris) is one of the abundant marine top predators in the Pacific; this seabird spends its non-breeding period in the northern North Pacific during May-October and many visit the southern Chukchi Sea in August-September. We examined potential factors affecting this seasonal pattern of distribution by counting short-tailed shearwaters from boats. Their main prey, krill, was sampled by net tows in the southeastern Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Strait/southern Chukchi Sea. Short-tailed shearwaters were mainly distributed in the southeastern Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (60 +/- 473 birds km(-2)) in July 2013, and in the Bering Strait/southern Chukchi Sea (19 +/- 91 birds km(-2)) in September 2012. In the Bering Strait/southern Chukchi Sea, krill size was greater in September 2012 (9.6 +/- 5.0 mm in total length) than in July 2013 (1.9 +/- 1.2 mm). Within the Bering Strait/southern Chukchi Sea in September 2012, short-tailed shearwaters occurred more frequently in cells (50 +/- 50 km) where large-sized krill were more abundant. These findings, and information previously collected in other studies, suggest that the seasonal northward movement of short-tailed shearwaters might be associated with the seasonal increase in krill size in the Bering Strait/southern Chukchi Sea. We could not, however, rule out the possibility that large interannual variation in krill abundance might influence the seasonal distribution of shearwaters. This study highlights the importance of krill, which is advected from the Pacific, as an important prey of top predators in the Arctic marine ecosystem. C1 [Nishizawa, Bungo; Yamaguchi, Atsushi; Watanuki, Yutaka] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Matsuno, Kohei] Australian Antarctic Div, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Labunski, Elizabeth A.; Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nishizawa, B (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM nishizawa@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp FU Green Network of Excellence Program (GRENE); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability project (ArCS) FX We thank the captain, officers, and crews of the T/S Oshoro-Maru and R/V Mirai, as well as T. Hirawake (chief scientist of the T/S Oshoro-Maru cruise in 2013), Y. Iwahara, Y. Mitani, T. Nakano, and Y. Kono for their help in seabird surveys and zooplankton samplings. H. Waga helped to analyze satellite images of chlorophyll a concentrations and sea-ice concentrations. We also thank G. Hunt, who provided useful comments on the manuscript. This study was conducted with funds from the Green Network of Excellence Program (GRENE, led by T. Kikuchi) and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability project (ArCS, led by T. Hirawake). NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PD JAN 13 PY 2017 VL 14 IS 1 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.5194/bg-14-203-2017 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EK4JV UT WOS:000393893800001 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Donner, DM Beck, AJ Rugg, DJ Reinecke, S Eklund, DA AF Ribic, Christine A. Donner, Deahn M. Beck, Albert J. Rugg, David J. Reinecke, Sue Eklund, Dan TI Beaver Colony Density Trends on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 1987-2013 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMICS; WISCONSIN; HABITAT AB The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a managed species in the United States. In northern Wisconsin, as part of the state-wide beaver management program, the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest removes beavers from targeted trout streams on U.S. Forest Service lands. However, the success of this management program has not been evaluated. Targeted removals comprise only 3% of the annual beaver harvest, a level of effort that may not affect the beaver population. We used colony location data along Forest streams from 1987-2013 (Nicolet, northeast Wisconsin) and 1997-2013 (Chequamegon, northwest Wisconsin) to assess trends in beaver colony density on targeted trout streams compared to non-targeted streams. On the Chequamegon, colony density on non-targeted trout and non-trout streams did not change over time, while colony density on targeted trout streams declined and then stabilized. On the Nicolet, beaver colony density decreased on both non targeted streams and targeted trout streams. However, colony density on targeted trout streams declined faster. The impact of targeted trapping was similar across the two sides of the Forest (60% reduction relative to non-targeted trout streams). Exploratory analyses of weather influences found that very dry conditions and severe winters were associated with transient reductions in beaver colony density on non-targeted streams on both sides of the Forest. Our findings may help land management agencies weigh more finely calibrated beaver control measures against continued large-scale removal programs. C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Donner, Deahn M.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Northern Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Beck, Albert J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Rugg, David J.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Madison, WI USA. [Reinecke, Sue; Eklund, Dan] US Forest Serv, Chequamegon Nicolet Natl Forest, Park Falls, WI USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu FU US Forest Service [12-JV-11242313-078]; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison [12-JV-11242313-078] FX This project was done as part of Research Joint Venture 12-JV-11242313-078 between the US Forest Service and the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 12 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0170099 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0170099 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH7JQ UT WOS:000391949500131 PM 28081271 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, FB Heap, MJ Damby, DE Hess, KU Najorka, J Vasseur, J Fahrner, D Dingwell, DB AF Wadsworth, Fabian B. Heap, Michael J. Damby, David E. Hess, Kai-Uwe Najorka, Jens Vasseur, Jeremie Fahrner, Dominik Dingwell, Donald B. TI Local geology controlled the feasibility of vitrifying Iron Age buildings SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VITRIFIED FORTS; STRENGTH RECOVERY; NW SCOTLAND; VITRIFICATION; PERMEABILITY; TIMESCALES; VISCOSITY AB During European prehistory, hilltop enclosures made from polydisperse particle-and-block stone walling were exposed to temperatures sufficient to partially melt the constituent stonework, leading to the preservation of glassy walls called ` vitrified forts'. During vitrification, the granular wall rocks partially melt, sinter viscously and densify, reducing inter-particle porosity. This process is strongly dependent on the solidus temperature, the particle sizes, the temperature-dependence of the viscosity of the evolving liquid phase, as well as the distribution and longevity of heat. Examination of the sintering behaviour of 45 European examples reveals that it is the raw building material that governs the vitrification efficiency. As Iron Age forts were commonly constructed from local stone, we conclude that local geology directly influenced the degree to which buildings were vitrified in the Iron Age. Additionally, we find that vitrification is accompanied by a bulk material strengthening of the aggregates of small sizes, and a partial weakening of larger blocks. We discuss these findings in the context of the debate surrounding the motive of the wall-builders. We conclude that if wall stability by bulk strengthening was the desired effect, then vitrification represents an Iron Age technology that failed to be effective in regions of refractory local geology. C1 [Wadsworth, Fabian B.; Damby, David E.; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Vasseur, Jeremie; Fahrner, Dominik; Dingwell, Donald B.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany. [Heap, Michael J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg UMR 7516 CNRS, Strasbourg, France. [Damby, David E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Najorka, Jens] Nat Hist Museum, London, England. RP Wadsworth, FB (reprint author), Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany. EM Fabian.wadsworth@min.uni-muenchen.de OI Hess, Kai-Uwe/0000-0003-1860-8543 FU European Research Council grant EVOKES; Partenariats Hubert Curien Procope grant [332065SG] FX This work could not have been achieved without the impetus from Rebecca L. Hearne and was benefited by three anonymous reviewers, internal review by Diane Moore, and editorial handling by Philip Benson. Funding was provided by the European Research Council grant EVOKES and a Partenariats Hubert Curien Procope grant (grant number 332065SG). We are grateful to the British Geological Survey for providing the open-access map data used in Fig. 4 (license available here: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 /). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 12 PY 2017 VL 7 DI 10.1038/srep40028 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH9TV UT WOS:000392115000001 PM 28079121 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Albert, M Acevedo, L Dyer, MC Arsnoe, IM Tsao, JI Mather, TN LeBrun, RA AF Ginsberg, Howard S. Albert, Marisa Acevedo, Lixis Dyer, Megan C. Arsnoe, Isis M. Tsao, Jean I. Mather, Thomas N. LeBrun, Roger A. TI Environmental Factors Affecting Survival of Immature lxodes scapularis and Implications for Geographical Distribution of Lyme Disease: The Climate/Behavior Hypothesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TICK IXODES-SCAPULARIS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BLACKLEGGED TICK; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; IXODIDAE NYMPHS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING METHODS AB Recent reports suggest that host-seeking nymphs in southern populations of Ixodes scapularis remain below the leaf litter surface, while northern nymphs seek hosts on leaves and twigs above the litter surface. This behavioral difference potentially results in decreased tick contact with humans in the south, and fewer cases of Lyme disease. We studied whether north-south differences in tick survival patterns might contribute to this phenomenon. Four month old larvae resulting from a cross between Wisconsin males and South Carolina females died faster under southern than under northern conditions in the lab, as has previously been reported for ticks from both northern and southern populations. However, newly emerged larvae from Rhode Island parents did not differ consistently in mortality under northern and southern conditions, possibly because of their younger age. Survival is lower, and so the north-south survival difference might be greater in older ticks. Larval survival was positively related to larval size (as measured by scutal area), while survival was positively related to larval fat content in some, but not all, trials. The difference in larval survival under northern vs. southern conditions might simply result from faster metabolism under warmer southern conditions leading to shorter life spans. However, ticks consistently died faster under southern than under northern conditions in the laboratory when relative humidity was low (75%), but not under moderate (85%) or high (95%) RH. Therefore, mortality due to desiccation stress is greater under southern than under northern conditions. We hypothesize that mortality resulting from the greater desiccation stress under southern conditions acts as a selective pressure resulting in the evolution of host-seeking behavior in which immatures remain below the leaf litter surface in southern I. scapularis populations, so as to avoid the desiccating conditions at the surface. If this hypothesis is correct, it has implications for the effect of climate change on the future distribution of Lyme disease. C1 [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Albert, Marisa; Acevedo, Lixis; Dyer, Megan C.; Mather, Thomas N.; LeBrun, Roger A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Arsnoe, Isis M.; Tsao, Jean I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation, Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Program [0914376]; University of Rhode Island; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by Award ID 0914376 from the National Science Foundation, Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Program, with additional support from the University of Rhode Island and the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 11 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0168723 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168723 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH6BJ UT WOS:000391857100017 PM 28076359 ER PT J AU Snortheim, CA Hanson, PC McMahon, KD Read, JS Carey, CC Dugan, HA AF Snortheim, Craig A. Hanson, Paul C. McMahon, Katherine D. Read, Jordan S. Carey, Cayelan C. Dugan, Hilary A. TI Meteorological drivers of hypolimnetic anoxia in a eutrophic, north temperate lake SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Limnology; Dissolved oxygen; Anoxia; Climate change; Anoxic factor; Hydrodynamics ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL STRUCTURE; OXYGEN DEPLETION; STRATIFIED LAKE; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS; HYPOXIA; MODEL; RESERVOIRS AB Oxygen concentration is both an indicator and driver of water quality in lakes. Decreases in oxygen concentration leads to altered ecosystem function as well as harmful consequences for aquatic biota, such as fishes. The responses of oxygen dynamics in lakes to climate-related drivers, such as temperature and wind speed, are well documented for lake surface waters. However, much less is known about how the oxic environment of bottom waters, especially the timing and magnitude of anoxia in eutrophic lakes, responds to changes in climate drivers. Understanding how important ecosystem states, such as hypolimnetic anoxia, may respond to differing climate scenarios requires a model that couples physical-biological conditions and sufficiently captures the density stratification that leads to strong oxygen gradients. Here, we analyzed the effects of changes in three important meteorological drivers (air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) on hypolimnetic anoxia in a eutrophic, north temperate lake using the anoxic factor as an index that captures both the temporal and spatial extent of anoxia. Air temperature and relative humidity were found to have a positive correlation with anoxic factor, while wind speed had a negative correlation. Air temperature was found to have the greatest potential impact of the three drivers on the anoxic factor, followed by wind speed and then relative humidity. Across the scenarios of climate variability, variation in the simulated anoxic factor was primarily due to changes in the timing of onset and decay of stratification. Given the potential for future changes in climate, especially increases in air temperature, this study provides important insight into how these changes will alter lake water quality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Snortheim, Craig A.; Hanson, Paul C.; McMahon, Katherine D.; Dugan, Hilary A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Carey, Cayelan C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, 1405 Perry St, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Snortheim, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM csnortheim@gmail.com FU North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research (NTL-LTER) program through the National Science Foundation [OCI-1234983, DEB-0941510, GEO-1517823]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [1002996] FX The North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research (NTL-LTER) program provided funding support through the following National Science Foundation grants: PRAGMA (OCI-1234983), CDI (DEB-0941510) and CNH (GEO-1517823). This material is also based upon work that supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (Hatch Project 1002996). We thank Dan Noguera, Luke Winslow, Emily Read, Louise Bruce, Josiah Hawley, Matt Hipsey, Yu Li, and Lucas Beversdorf for helping with this project. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2017 VL 343 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.10.014 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF7HO UT WOS:000390500900004 ER PT J AU Williams, PJ Kendall, WL AF Williams, Perry J. Kendall, William L. TI A guide to multi-objective optimization for ecological problems with an application to cackling goose management SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE Decision analysis; Decision theory; Dominated choice; Efficiency frontier; Multi-criteria decision making; Pareto frontier; Pareto optimality ID MULTICRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; OPTIMAL ALLOCATION MODEL; COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM; COMPROMISE SOLUTIONS; TRADE-OFFS; LAND-USE; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; OBJECTIVES; SUPPORT AB Choices in ecological research and management are the result of balancing multiple, often competing, objectives. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is a formal decision-theoretic framework for solving multiple objective problems. MOO is used extensively in other fields including engineering, economics, and operations research. However, its application for solving ecological problems has been sparse, perhaps due to a lack of widespread understanding. Thus, our objective was to provide an accessible primer on MOO, including a review of methods common in other fields, a review of their application in ecology, and a demonstration to an applied resource management problem. A large class of methods for solving MOO problems can be separated into two strategies: modelling preferences pre-optimization (the a priori strategy), or modelling preferences post-optimization (the a posteriori strategy). The a priori strategy requires describing preferences among objectives without knowledge of how preferences affect the resulting decision. In the a posteriori strategy, the decision maker simultaneously considers a set of solutions (the Pareto optimal set) and makes a choice based on the trade-offs observed in the set. We describe several methods for modelling preferences pre -optimization, including: the bounded objective function method, the lexicographic method, and the weighted-sum method. We discuss modelling preferences post-optimization through examination of the Pareto optimal set. We applied each MOO strategy to the natural resource management problem of selecting a population target for cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii minima) abundance. Cackling geese provide food security to Native Alaskan subsistence hunters in the goose's nesting area, but depredate crops on private agricultural fields in wintering areas. We developed objective functions to represent the competing objectives related to the cackling goose population target and identified an optimal solution first using the a priori strategy, and then by examining trade-offs in the Pareto set using the a posteriori strategy. We used four approaches for selecting a final solution within the a posteriori strategy; the most common optimal solution, the most robust optimal solution, and two solutions based on maximizing a restricted portion of the Pareto set. We discuss MOO with respect to natural resource management, but MOO is sufficiently general to cover any ecological problem that contains multiple competing objectives that can be quantified using objective functions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Perry J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Williams, Perry J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Williams, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM perry.williams@colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; Colorado State University Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University Department of Statistics FX Funding was provided by U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, the Colorado State University Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, and the Colorado State University Department of Statistics. Iadine Chades, Mevin Hooten, Joel Schmutz, Yu Wei, Brian Fath, and two anonymous reviewers provided discussion and comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Members of the Pacific Flyway Cackling Goose Subcommittee, the Association of Village Council Presidents - Waterfowl Conservation Committee, and the Oregon Farm Bureau provided valuable insight on this project; their acknowledgment does not imply support of the methods or objective functions discussed for selecting a cackling goose population target. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 10 PY 2017 VL 343 BP 54 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.10.010 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF7HO UT WOS:000390500900005 ER PT J AU Matchett, EL Fleskes, JP AF Matchett, Elliott L. Fleskes, Joseph P. TI Projected Impacts of Climate, Urbanization, Water Management, and Wetland Restoration on Waterbird Habitat in California's Central Valley SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WINTERING WATERFOWL; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; PRIORITY-DRIVEN; DEMAND-DRIVEN; UNITED-STATES; TULARE BASIN; RICE FIELDS; LAND-USE; MODEL; CONSERVATION AB The Central Valley of California is one of the most important regions for wintering waterbirds in North America despite extensive anthropogenic landscape modification and decline of historical wetlands there. Like many other mediterranean-climate ecosystems across the globe, the Central Valley has been subject to a burgeoning human population and expansion and intensification of agricultural and urban development that have impacted wildlife habitats. Future effects of urban development, changes in water supply management, and precipitation and air temperature related to global climate change on area of waterbird habitat in the Central Valley are uncertain, yet potentially substantial. Therefore, we modeled area of waterbird habitats for 17 climate, urbanization, water supply management, and wetland restoration scenarios for years 2006-2099 using a water resources and scenario modeling framework. Planned wetland restoration largely compensated for adverse effects of climate, urbanization, and water supply management changes on habitat areas through 2065, but fell short thereafter for all except one scenario. Projected habitat reductions due to climate models were more frequent and greater than under the recent historical climate and their magnitude increased through time. After 2065, area of waterbird habitat in all scenarios that included severe warmer, drier climate was projected to be >15% less than in the "existing" landscape most years. The greatest reduction in waterbird habitat occurred in scenarios that combined warmer, drier climate and plausible water supply management options affecting priority and delivery of water available for waterbird habitats. This scenario modeling addresses the complexity and uncertainties in the Central Valley landscape, use and management of related water supplies, and climate to inform waterbird habitat conservation and other resource management planning. Results indicate that increased wetland restoration and additional conservation and climate change adaptation strategies may be warranted to maintain habitat adequate to support waterbirds in the Central Valley. C1 [Matchett, Elliott L.; Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Matchett, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM ematchett@usgs.gov FU California Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Central Valley Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [80250-A-H100]; Delta Waterfowl Foundation [2671]; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center FX The California Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Central Valley Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (URLs: http://californialcc.org/, http://www.centralvalleyjointrenture.org/, http://fws.gov/; grant number 80250-A-H100; funding acquired by JPF), Delta Waterfowl Foundation (URL: littp://www.deltawaterfowl.org/; grant number 2671; funding acquired by JPF), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (URL: https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/), and U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center (URL: https://www.werc.usgs.gov/) provided funding or in-kind support for this project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 9 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0169780 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0169780 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH5WO UT WOS:000391843900068 PM 28068411 ER PT J AU Liao, W Atkinson, CT LaPointe, DA Samuel, MD AF Liao, Wei Atkinson, Carter T. LaPointe, Dennis A. Samuel, Michael D. TI Mitigating Future Avian Malaria Threats to Hawaiian Forest Birds from Climate Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; AEDES-JAPONICUS-JAPONICUS; ENGINEERED MALE MOSQUITOS; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; FIELD PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CULICIDAE; POPULATION AB Avian malaria, transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the Hawaiian Islands, has been a primary contributor to population range limitations, declines, and extinctions for many endemic Hawaiian honeycreepers. Avian malaria is strongly influenced by climate; therefore, predicted future changes are expected to expand transmission into higher elevations and intensify and lengthen existing transmission periods at lower elevations, leading to further population declines and potential extinction of highly susceptible honeycreepers in mid-and high-elevation forests. Based on future climate changes and resulting malaria risk, we evaluated the viability of alternative conservation strategies to preserve endemic Hawaiian birds at mid and high elevations through the 21st century. We linked an epidemiological model with three alternative climatic projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to predict future malaria risk and bird population dynamics for the coming century. Based on climate change predictions, proposed strategies included mosquito population suppression using modified males, release of genetically modified refractory mosquitoes, competition from other introduced mosquitoes that are not competent vectors, evolved malaria-tolerance in native honeycreepers, feral pig control to reduce mosquito larval habitats, and predator control to improve bird demographics. Transmission rates of malaria are predicted to be higher than currently observed and are likely to have larger impacts in high elevation forests where current low rates of transmission create a refuge for highly-susceptible birds. As a result, several current and proposed conservation strategies will be insufficient to maintain existing forest bird populations. We concluded that mitigating malaria transmission at high elevations should be a primary conservation goal. Conservation strategies that maintain highly susceptible species like liwi (Drepanis coccinea) will likely benefit other threatened and endangered Hawai'i species, especially in high-elevation forests. Our results showed that mosquito control strategies offer potential long-term benefits to high elevation Hawaiian honeycreepers. However, combined strategies will likely be needed to preserve endemic birds at mid elevations. Given the delay required to research, develop, evaluate, and improve several of these currently untested conservation strategies we suggest that planning should begin expeditiously. C1 [Liao, Wei] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. [Atkinson, Carter T.; LaPointe, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, Volcano, HI USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu FU U. S. Geological Survey - Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; National Science Foundation [DEB 0083944]; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin - Madison FX The U. S. Geological Survey - Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center funded this project. The National Science Foundation provided financial support for development of the forest bird-malaria simulation model (DEB 0083944). The Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin - Madison provided funds for publication costs. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0168880 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168880 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH3AX UT WOS:000391641500042 PM 28060848 ER PT J AU Fee, D Haney, MM Matoza, RS Van Eaton, AR Cervelli, P Schneider, DJ Iezzi, AM AF Fee, David Haney, Matthew M. Matoza, Robin S. Van Eaton, Alexa R. Cervelli, Peter Schneider, David J. Iezzi, Alexandra M. TI Volcanic tremor and plume height hysteresis from Pavlof Volcano, Alaska SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; INFRASOUND; ERUPTIONS; GENERATION AB The March 2016 eruption of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska, produced an ash plume that caused the cancellation of more than 100 flights in North America. The eruption generated strong tremor that was recorded by seismic and remote low-frequency acoustic (infrasound) stations, including the EarthScope Transportable Array. The relationship between the tremor amplitudes and plume height changes considerably between the waxing and waning portions of the eruption. Similar hysteresis has been observed between seismic river noise and discharge during storms, suggesting that flow and erosional processes in both rivers and volcanoes can produce irreversible structural changes that are detectable in geophysical data. We propose that the time-varying relationship at Pavlof arose from changes in the tremor source related to volcanic vent erosion. This relationship may improve estimates of volcanic emissions and characterization of eruption size and intensity. C1 [Fee, David; Iezzi, Alexandra M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wilson Alaska Tech Ctr, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haney, Matthew M.; Cervelli, Peter; Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Webb Hall,MC9630, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Webb Hall MC9630, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Van Eaton, Alexa R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 Southeast Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wilson Alaska Tech Ctr, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee1@alaska.edu FU AVO; NSF [EAR-1331084, EAR-1614323, EAR-1614855]; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship FX We thank P. Dawson and V. Tsai for early reviews of the manuscript; C. Szuberla for discussions on signal processing; L. Mastin for discussions on vent widening and fragmentation; R. Wessels and M. Kaufman for imagery of Pavlof Volcano before and after the eruption; H. Schwaiger for the atmospheric modeling; and the reviewers for their helpful comments. Seismic and EarthScope TA data are available from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Center (www.iris.edu). Observations of volcanic activity were made by AVO and are detailed on its website (www.avo.alaska.edu). Webcam data are available from the FAA Aviation Weather Cameras website (http://avcams.faa.gov). DLL infrasound data are available from D.F. and the Wilson Alaska Technical Center. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net) provided the lightning data. The authors acknowledge support from AVO and NSF grants EAR-1331084, EAR-1614323, and EAR-1614855. A.R.V.E. acknowledges a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 6 PY 2017 VL 355 IS 6320 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1126/science.aah6108 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH4KK UT WOS:000391739900038 PM 28059760 ER PT J AU Bril, JS Langend, K Just, CL Spak, SN Newton, TJ AF Bril, Jeremy S. Langend, Kathryn Just, Craig L. Spak, Scott N. Newton, Teresa J. TI Simulated mussel mortality thresholds as a function of mussel biomass and nutrient loading SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Native freshwater mussels; Ammonia mortality thresholds; Nutrients; Numerical modeling ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNIONID MUSSELS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; AMBLEMA-PLICATA; SPECIES ROLES; BIVALVIA; AMMONIA; LAKES AB A freshwater "mussel mortality threshold" was explored as a function of porewater ammonium (NH4+) concentration, mussel biomass, and total nitrogen (N) utilizing a numerical model calibrated with data from mesocosms with and without mussels, A mortality threshold of 2 mg-N L-1 porewater NH4+ was selected based on a study that estimated 100% mortality of juvenile Lampsiiis mussels exposed to 1,9 mg-N L-1 NH4 in equilibrium with 0.18 mg-N L-1 NH3, At the highest simulated mussel biomass (560 g m(-2)) and the lowest simulated influent water "food" concentration (0.1 mg-N L-1), the porewater NH4 concentration after a 2,160 h timespan without mussels was 0.5 mg-N L-1 compared to 2.25 mg-N L-1 with mussels. Continuing these simulations while varying mussel biomass and N content yielded a mortality threshold contour that was essentially linear which contradicted the non-linear and non-monotonic relationship suggested by Strayer (2014). Our model suggests that mussels spatially focus nutrients from the overlying water to the sediments as evidenced by elevated porewater NH4 F in mesocosms with mussels. However, our previous work and the model utilized here show elevated concentrations of nitrite and nitrate in overlying waters as an indirect consequence of mussel activity. Even when the simulated overlying water food availability was quite low, the mortality threshold was reached at a mussel biomass of about 480 g m(-2). At a food concentration of 10 mg-N L-1, the mortality threshold was reached at a biomass of about 250 g M-2. Our model suggests the mortality threshold for juvenile Lampsilis species could be exceeded at low mussel biomass if exposed for even a short time Ito the highly elevated total N loadings endemic to the agricultural Midwest. C1 [Bril, Jeremy S.; Langend, Kathryn; Just, Craig L.; Spak, Scott N.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Just, CL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM craig-just@uiowa.edu FU Carver Charitable Trust FX Funding for this project was provided by the Carver Charitable Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JAN 4 PY 2017 VL 5 AR e2838 DI 10.7717/peerj.2838 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5XS UT WOS:000394695400004 PM 28070462 ER PT J AU Nagy-Reis, MB Nichols, JD Chiarello, AG Ribeiro, MC Betz, EZF AF Nagy-Reis, Mariana B. Nichols, James D. Chiarello, Adriano G. Ribeiro, Milton Cezar Betz, Eleonore Z. F. TI Landscape Use and Co-Occurrence Patterns of Neotropical Spotted Cats SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RAIN-FOREST; OCELOT LEOPARDUS-PARDALIS; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; CARNIVORA FELIDAE; PROTECTED AREAS; PUMA-CONCOLOR; FOOD-HABITS; CONSERVATION; OCCUPANCY; IDENTIFICATION AB Small felids influence ecosystem dynamics through prey and plant population changes. Although most of these species are threatened, they are accorded one of the lowest research efforts of all felids, and we lack basic information about them. Many felids occur in sympatry, where intraguild competition is frequent. Therefore, assessing the role of inter specific interactions along with the relative importance of landscape characteristics is necessary to understand how these species co-occur in space. Here, we selected three morphologically similar and closely related species of small Neotropical cats to evaluate the roles of interspecific interactions, geomorphometry, environmental, and anthropogenic landscape characteristics on their habitat use. We collected data with camera trapping and scat sampling in a large protected Atlantic forest remnant (35,000 ha). Throughout occupancy modeling we investigated whether these species occur together more or less frequently than would be expected by chance, while dealing with imperfect detection and incorporating possible habitat preferences into the models. We used occupancy as a measure of their habitat use. Although intraguild competition can be an important determinant of carnivore assemblages, in our system, we did not find evidence that one species affects the habitat use of the other. Evidence suggested that proximity to the nature reserve (a more protected area) was a more important driver of Neotropical spotted cats' occurrence than interspecific interactions or geomorphometry and environmental landscape characteristics even though our entire study area is under some type of protection. This suggests that small felids can be sensitive to the area protection status, emphasizing the importance of maintaining and creating reserves and other areas with elevated protection for the proper management and conservation of the group. C1 [Nagy-Reis, Mariana B.; Betz, Eleonore Z. F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Anim Biol, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Chiarello, Adriano G.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biol, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Ribeiro, Milton Cezar] Univ Estadual Sao Paulo UNESP, Dept Ecol, Spatial Ecol & Conservat Lab LEEC, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. RP Nagy-Reis, MB (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Anim Biol, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM mariana.nbreis@gmail.com OI Setz, Eleonore/0000-0001-7638-7086 FU Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Idea Wild; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2013/07162-6, 2013/50421-2]; Brazilian Science Council (CNPq) [305902/2014-8, 312045/2013-1] FX MBNR received funding from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES; www.capes.gov.br) and Idea Wild (www.ideawild.org). EZFS received funding from the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP; grant 2013/07162-6; www.fapesp.br). AGC received funding from The Brazilian Science Council (CNPq; process 305902/2014-8; www.cnpq.br). MCR has been continuously supported by grants and scholarships from The Brazilian Science Council (CNPq; process 312045/2013-1) and Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP; grant 2013/50421-2). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 116 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 4 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0168441 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168441 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH2TP UT WOS:000391621500015 PM 28052073 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EK Lund, M Shearn-Bochsler, V Balakrishnan, CN AF Hofmeister, Erik K. Lund, Melissa Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Balakrishnan, Christopher N. TI Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHICKENS GALLUS-GALLUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; AGE-DEPENDENCY; WILD BIRDS; MOSQUITOS; SPARROWS; VECTOR; HOST AB Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T. g. castanotis, we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T. g. guttata. Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds. C1 [Hofmeister, Erik K.; Lund, Melissa; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Balakrishnan, Christopher N.] East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. RP Hofmeister, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ehotmeister@usgs.gov FU USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) FX This study was funded by the USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 3 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0167876 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167876 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH2QJ UT WOS:000391612300009 PM 28045891 ER PT J AU Dietzgen, RG Kondo, H Goodin, MM Kurath, G Vasilakis, N AF Dietzgen, Ralf G. Kondo, Hideki Goodin, Michael M. Kurath, Gael Vasilakis, Nikos TI The family Rhabdoviridae: mono- and bipartite negative-sense RNA viruses with diverse genome organization and common evolutionary origins SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Rhabdovirus; Negative-sense RNA virus; Genome organization; Diversity; Replication; Taxonomy ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; COFFEE-RINGSPOT-VIRUS; ORCHID FLECK VIRUS; PLANT-ADAPTED RHABDOVIRUS; YELLOW-STUNT-RHABDOVIRUS; BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER; CITRUS-LEPROSIS-VIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT AB The family Rhabdoviridae consists of mostly enveloped, bullet-shaped or bacilliform viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that infect vertebrates, invertebrates or plants. This ecological diversity is reflected by the diversity and complexity of their genomes. Five canonical structural protein genes are conserved in all rhabdoviruses, but may be overprinted, overlapped or interspersed with several novel and diverse accessory genes. This review gives an overview of the characteristics and diversity of rhabdoviruses, their taxonomic classification, replication mechanism, properties of classical rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and rhabdoviruses with complex genomes, rhabdoviruses infecting aquatic species, and plant rhabdoviruses with both mono- and bipartite genomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dietzgen, Ralf G.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kondo, Hideki] Okayama Univ, Inst Plant Sci & Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. [Goodin, Michael M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Vasilakis, Nikos] Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Dietzgen, RG (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM r.dietzgen@uq.edu.au FU Queensland Government Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; University of Queensland; International Collaboration Research Program on Joint Usage/Research Center Program at the IPSR, Okayama University; National Institutes of Health [R24AI120942] FX This work was jointly supported by the Queensland Government Department of Agriculture and Fisheries and the University of Queensland. Author contributions were also supported in part by the International Collaboration Research Program on Joint Usage/Research Center Program at the IPSR, Okayama University and by a grant from the National Institutes of HealthR24AI120942 to NV. NR 134 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN 2 PY 2017 VL 227 BP 158 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.010 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE6NO UT WOS:000389729700020 PM 27773769 ER PT J AU Wargo, AR Scott, RJ Kerr, B Kurath, G AF Wargo, Andrew R. Scott, Robert J. Kerr, Benjamin Kurath, Gael TI Replication and shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in juvenile rainbow trout SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Virus; Replication; Shedding; Competition; Fitness ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; VIRAL FITNESS; IN-VIVO; TRANSMISSION; ENTRY AB Viral replication and shedding are key components of transmission and fitness, the kinetics of which are heavily dependent on virus, host, and environmental factors. To date, no studies have quantified the shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), or how they are associated with replication, making it difficult to ascertain the transmission dynamics of this pathogen of high agricultural and conservation importance. Here, the replication and shedding kinetics of two M genogroup IHNV genotypes were examined in their naturally co-evolved rainbow trout host. Within host virus replication began rapidly, approaching maximum values by day 3 post-infection, after which viral load was maintained or gradually dropped through day 7. Host innate immune response measured as stimulation of Mx-1 gene expression generally followed within host viral loads. Shedding also began very quickly and peaked within 2 days, defining a generally uniform early peak period of shedding from 1 to 4 days after exposure to virus. This was followed by a post-peak period where shedding declined, such that the majority of fish were no longer shedding by day 12 post-infection. Despite similar kinetics, the average shedding rate over the course of infection was significantly lower in mixed compared to single genotype infections, suggesting a competition effect, however, this did not significantly impact the total amount of virus shed. The data also indicated that the duration of shedding, rather than peak amount of virus shed, was correlated with fish mortality. Generally, the majority of virus produced during infection appeared to be shed into the environment rather than maintained in the host, although there was more retention of within host virus during the post-peak period. Viral virulence was correlated with shedding, such that the more virulent of the two genotypes shed more total virus. This fundamental understanding of IHNV shedding kinetics and variation at the individual fish level could assist with management decisions about how to respond to disease outbreaks when they occur. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wargo, Andrew R.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Scott, Robert J.; Kurath, Gael] USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kerr, Benjamin] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wargo, AR (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM arwargo@vims.edu FU USGS Western Fisheries Research Center; University of Washington; National Institute of Health R.L. Kirschstein NRSA University of Washington Institutional Service [5 T32 AI007509]; National Science Foundation [0812603] FX We would like to thank Alison Kell, Maureen Purcell, Rachel Breyta, Douglas McKenney, and Jim Winton for valuable discussions. We are grateful to Scott LaPatra of Clear Springs Foods Inc. for providing research grade rainbow trout. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for insightful comments. This work was supported by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, the University of Washington, National Institute of Health R.L. Kirschstein NRSA University of Washington Institutional Service Award 5 T32 AI007509 and National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases grant 0812603. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN 2 PY 2017 VL 227 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.011 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EE6NO UT WOS:000389729700023 PM 27771253 ER PT J AU Pagano, AM Rode, KD Cutting, A Owen, MA Jensen, S Ware, JV Robbins, CT Durner, GM Atwood, TC Obbard, ME Middel, KR Thiemann, GW Williams, TM AF Pagano, A. M. Rode, K. D. Cutting, A. Owen, M. A. Jensen, S. Ware, J. V. Robbins, C. T. Durner, G. M. Atwood, T. C. Obbard, M. E. Middel, K. R. Thiemann, G. W. Williams, T. M. TI Using tri-axial accelerometers to identify wild polar bear behaviors SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Activity; Behavior; Polar bear; Ursus maritimus; Acceleration; Accelerometer; Brown bear; Ursus arctos ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; SEA-ICE DECLINE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; HABITAT SELECTION; ACCELERATION DATA; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ADELIE PENGUINS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; DATA LOGGERS; ANIMALS AB Tri-axial accelerometers have been used to remotely identify the behaviors of a wide range of taxa. Assigning behaviors to accelerometer data often involves the use of captive animals or surrogate species, as their accelerometer signatures are generally assumed to be similar to those of their wild counterparts. However, this has rarely been tested. Validated accelerometer data are needed for polar bears Ursus maritimus to understand how habitat conditions may in fluence behavior and energy demands. We used accelerometer and water conductivity data to remotely distinguish 10 polar bear behaviors. We calibrated accelerometer and conductivity data collected from collars with behaviors observed from video-recorded captive polar bears and brown bears U. arctos, and with video from camera collars deployed on free-ranging polar bears on sea ice and on land. We used random forest models to predict behaviors and found strong ability to discriminate the most common wild polar bear behaviors using a combination of accelerometer and conductivity sensor data from captive or wild polar bears. In contrast, models using data from captive brown bears failed to reliably distinguish most active behaviors in wild polar bears. Our ability to discriminate behavior was greatest when species-and habitat-specific data from wild individuals were used to train models. Data from captive individuals may be suitable for calibrating accelerometers, but may provide reduced ability to discriminate some behaviors. The accelerometer calibrations developed here provide a method to quantify polar bear behaviors to evaluate the impacts of declines in Arctic sea ice. C1 [Pagano, A. M.; Rode, K. D.; Durner, G. M.; Atwood, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Pagano, A. M.; Williams, T. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Cutting, A.] Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 USA. [Owen, M. A.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, San Diego, CA 92027 USA. [Jensen, S.] Alaska Zoo, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Ware, J. V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Integrat Physiol & Neurosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, C. T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, C. T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Obbard, M. E.; Middel, K. R.] Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Wildlife Res & Monitoring Sect, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada. [Thiemann, G. W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Pagano, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Pagano, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM apagano@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative; Polar Bears International; World Wildlife Fund (Canada); Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Born Free Foundation; Helen McCrea Peacock Foundation; Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global; International Association for Bear Research and Management; National Science Foundation's Instrument Development for Biological Research program FX Procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committees of the University of California, Santa Cruz; Washington State University; York University; Oregon Zoo; Alaska Zoo; San Diego Zoo; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; and the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Research in the USA was permitted under US Fish and Wildlife Service permits MA690038 and MA95406A. Research on Akimiski Island, Nunavut was approved under Nunavut Wildlife Research Permit WL 2015-073. This work was supported by US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative. Additional support was provided by Polar Bears International; World Wildlife Fund (Canada); Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Born Free Foundation; Helen McCrea Peacock Foundation; Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global; and the International Association for Bear Research and Management. Support for T.M.W. was provided by the National Science Foundation's Instrument Development for Biological Research program. We thank Mehdi Bakhtiari (Exeye) for developing the video collars used in this study. We thank the bear keeper and trainer teams at the Oregon Zoo, San Diego Zoo, and Alaska Zoo for enabling data collection at their facilities. We thank Stephen Atkinson, Tyrone Donnelly, Katie Florko, Sarah Hagey, Tim Moody, Kristin Simac, and Maria Spriggs for assistance in the field. We thank helicopter pilots Frank Ross (Soloy Helicopters) and Doug Holtby (OMNRF) for field support. B. Battaile and 3 anonymous reviewers provided valuable input on earlier versions of the manuscript. This re search used resources of the Core Science Analytics and Synthesis Applied Research Computing program at the US Geological Survey. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This paper was reviewed and approved by the USGS under its Fundamental Science Practices policy (www.usgs.gov/fsp). NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.3354/esr00779 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0ED UT WOS:000395682200002 ER PT J AU Small, RJ Brost, B Hooten, M Castellote, M Mondragon, J AF Small, Robert J. Brost, Brian Hooten, Mevin Castellote, Manuel Mondragon, Jeffrey TI Potential for spatial displacement of Cook Inlet beluga whales by anthropogenic noise in critical habitat SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beluga whales; Anthropogenic noise; Spatial displacement; Occupancy models ID MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; WHITE WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND AB The population of beluga whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, declined by nearly half in the mid-1990s, primarily from an unsustainable harvest, and was listed as endangered in 2008. In 2014, abundance was similar to 340 whales, and the population trend during 1999-2014 was -1.3% yr(-1). Cook Inlet beluga whales are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, and noise that has the potential to reduce communication and echolocation range considerably has been documented in critical habitat; thus, noise was ranked as a high potential threat in the Cook Inlet beluga Recovery Plan. The current recovery strategy includes research on effects of threats potentially limiting recovery, and thus we examined the potential impact of anthropogenic noise in critical habitat, specifically, spatial displacement. Using a subset of data on anthropogenic noise and beluga detections from a 5 yr acoustic study, we evaluated the influence of noise events on beluga occupancy probability. We used occupancy models, which account for factors that affect detection probability when estimating occupancy, the first application of these models to examine the potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal behavior. Results were inconclusive, primarily because beluga detections were relatively infrequent. Even though noise metrics (sound pressure level and noise duration) appeared in high-ranking models as covariates for occupancy probability, the data were insufficient to indicate better predictive ability beyond those models that only included environmental covariates. Future studies that implement protocols designed specifically for beluga occupancy will be most effective for accurately estimating the effect of noise on beluga displacement. C1 [Small, Robert J.; Mondragon, Jeffrey] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1255 West 8th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Brost, Brian; Hooten, Mevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] Univ Washington, JISAO, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1255 West 8th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM bob.small@alaska.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA15OAR4320063] FX This study would have not been possible without all the collective effort from the team of researchers that conducted the Cook Inlet beluga acoustic study: Justin Jenniges, Alaska Department of Fish Game; Marc Lammers, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology; and Shannon Atkinson, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Del Westerholt provided critical support in the design of acoustic moorings and deployment logistics in upper Cook Inlet. Christopher Garner, Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson, provided critical logistic support during field work in Knik Arm. Special thanks are due to Dave McKay and Bill Choate, the 2 vessel operators whose efforts were instrumental in the deployment and recovery of acoustic moorings in Cook Inlet during the study. Comments from 2 anonymous reviewers improved a previous version of this manuscript. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.3354/esr00786 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0ED UT WOS:000395682200005 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Iverson, AR Benscoter, AM Fujisaki, I Cherkiss, MS Pollock, C Lundgren, I Hillis-Starr, Z AF Hart, Kristen M. Iverson, Autumn R. Benscoter, Allison M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Cherkiss, Michael S. Pollock, Clayton Lundgren, Ian Hillis-Starr, Zandy TI Resident areas and migrations of female green turtles nesting at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Green sea turtle; Inter-nesting; Foraging; Switching state-space model; Kernel density estimation; Migration; Minimum convex polygon ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HOME-RANGE; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; RIDLEY TURTLES AB Satellite tracking studies can reveal much about turtles' spatial use of breeding areas, migration zones, and foraging sites. We assessed spatial habitat-use patterns of 10 adult female green turtles Chelonia mydas nesting at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), US Virgin Islands (USVI; 17 degrees 47.4' N, 64 degrees 37.2' W) from 2011 to 2014. Turtles ranged in size from 89.0 to 115.9 cm curved carapace length (CCL) ((X) over bar +/- SD: 106.8 +/- 7.7 cm). The inter-nesting period for all turtles ranged from 31 July to 4 November, and sizes of the 50% core-use areas ranged from 4.2 to 19.0 km(2). We observed consistency of inter-nesting habitat-use patterns, with all turtles using near-shore (< 1.5 km), shallow waters (<-20 m depth) within approximately 10 km of Buck Island. Seven of the 10 turtles remained locally resident after the nesting season; 5 turtles (50%) established resident foraging areas around Buck Island, 2 established resident foraging areas around the island of St. Croix, and the other 3 (30%) made longer-distance migrations to Antigua, St. Kitts & Nevis, and Venezuela. This is the first empirical dataset showing limited migration and use of `local' resources after the nesting season in the USVI by this unique management unit of green turtles. Five of the turtles had resident foraging area centroids within protected areas; thus, inter-nesting and foraging areas at BIRNM that overlap with human use zones present an important management concern. Delineating spatial areas and identifying temporal periods of nearshore habitat use can be useful for natural resource managers with responsibility for overseeing vulnerable habitats and protecting marine turtle populations. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.; Benscoter, Allison M.; Cherkiss, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Iverson, Autumn R.] CNT, US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Pollock, Clayton; Lundgren, Ian; Hillis-Starr, Zandy] Natl Pk Serv, Buck Isl Reef Natl Monument, Christiansted, VI USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU USGS Natural Resources Protection Program; National Park Service; USGS Ecosystems Program FX We thank NPS interns and USGS employees J. Beauchamp, M. Denton, A. Daniels, B. Smith, H. Crowell, and A. Crowder for assistance deploying satellite tags in the field, and E. Connolly-Randazzo for help with an earlier draft of the manuscript. Permission to tag and sample turtles was given under BUIS permit BUIS-2012-SCI-0002 and USGS-SESC-IACUC 2011-05, and USFWS permits issued to K.M.H. Funding was provided by the USGS Natural Resources Protection Program, National Park Service and USGS Ecosystems Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.3354/esr00793 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0ED UT WOS:000395682200008 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Alpers, CN Sumner, DY Campbell, KM AF Williams, Amy J. Alpers, Charles N. Sumner, Dawn Y. Campbell, Kate M. TI Filamentous Hydrous Ferric Oxide Biosignatures in a Pipeline Carrying Acid Mine Drainage at Iron Mountain Mine, California SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Biosignature; Iron Mountain; geobiology; schwertmannite ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; RIO-TINTO; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; MICROBIAL BIOSIGNATURES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPRING-WATERS; NORTH-ISLAND; HOT-SPRINGS; NEW-ZEALAND; MARS AB A pipeline carrying acidic mine effluent at Iron Mountain, CA, developed Fe(III)-rich precipitate caused by oxidation of Fe(II)(aq). The native microbial community in the pipe included filamentous microbes. The pipe scale consisted of microbial filaments, and schwertmannite (ferric oxyhydroxysulfate, FOHS) mineral spheres and filaments. FOHS filaments contained central lumina with diameters similar to those of microbial filaments. FOHS filament geometry, the geochemical environment, and the presence of filamentous microbes suggest that FOHS filaments are mineralized microbial filaments. This formation of textural biosignatures provides the basis for a conceptual model for the development and preservation of biosignatures in other environments. C1 [Williams, Amy J.; Sumner, Dawn Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Williams, Amy J.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM ajwilliams@towson.edu FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX11AQ51H]; USEPA [DW-14-95567601]; USGS; USGS National Research Program; UCD Earth and Planetary Sciences Department Durrell Funds FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program-Grant NNX11AQ51H, by USEPA interagency agreement DW-14-95567601 with the USGS, by the USGS National Research Program, and by the UCD Earth and Planetary Sciences Department Durrell Funds. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2017 VL 34 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1080/01490451.2016.1155679 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EN1HU UT WOS:000395761900001 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Bohlke, JK AF Wood, Warren W. Bohlke, J. K. TI Density-Driven Free-Convection Model for Isotopically Fractionated Geogenic Nitrate in Sabkha Brine SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; ABU-DHABI; OXYGEN; NITROGEN; DESERT; PERCHLORATE; TRANSPORT AB Subsurface brines with high nitrate (NO3-) concentration are common in desert environments as atmospheric nitrogen is concentrated by the evaporation of precipitation and little nitrogen uptake. However, in addition to having an elevated mean concentration of similar to 525 mg/L (as N), NO3- in the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi is enriched in N-15 (mean delta N-15 similar to 17), which is an enigma. A NO3- solute mass balance analysis of the sabkha aquifer system suggests that more than 90% of the nitrogen is from local atmospheric deposition and the remainder from ascending brine. In contrast, isotopic mass balances based on Delta O-17, delta N-15, and delta O-18 data suggest approximately 80 to 90% of the NO3- could be from ascending brine. As the sabkha has essentially no soil, no vegetation, and no anthropogenic land or water use, we propose to resolve this apparent contradiction with a density-driven free-convection transport model. In this conceptual model, the density of rain is increased by solution of surface salts, transporting near-surface oxygenated NO3- bearing water downward where it encounters reducing conditions and mixes with oxygen-free ascending geologic brines. In this environment, NO3- is partially reduced to nitrogen gas (N-2), thus enriching the remaining NO3- in heavy isotopes. The isotopically fractionated NO3- and nitrogen gas return to the near-surface oxidizing environment on the upward displacement leg of the free-convection cycle, where the nitrogen gas is released to the atmosphere and new NO3- is added to the system from atmospheric deposition. This recharge/recycling process has operated over many cycles in the 8000-year history of the shallow aquifer, progressively concentrating and isotopically fractionating the NO3-. C1 [Wood, Warren W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 288 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 288 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PY 2017 VL 55 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1111/gwat.12463 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM9OE UT WOS:000395640200008 PM 27893932 ER PT J AU Kuniansky, EL AF Kuniansky, Eve L. TI Custom Map Projections for Regional Groundwater Models SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB For regional groundwater flow models (areas greater than 100,000 km(2)), improper choice of map projection parameters can result in model error for boundary conditions dependent on area (recharge or evapotranspiration simulated by application of a rate using cell area from model discretization) and length (rivers simulated with head-dependent flux boundary). Smaller model areas can use local map coordinates, such as State Plane (United States) or Universal Transverse Mercator (correct zone) without introducing large errors. Map projections vary in order to preserve one or more of the following properties: area, shape, distance (length), or direction. Numerous map projections are developed for different purposes as all four properties cannot be preserved simultaneously. Preservation of area and length are most critical for groundwater models. The Albers equal-area conic projection with custom standard parallels, selected by dividing the length north to south by 6 and selecting standard parallels 1/6th above or below the southern and northern extent, preserves both area and length for continental areas in mid latitudes oriented east-west. Custom map projection parameters can also minimize area and length error in non-ideal projections. Additionally, one must also use consistent vertical and horizontal datums for all geographic data. The generalized polygon for the Floridan aquifer system study area (306,247.59 km(2)) is used to provide quantitative examples of the effect of map projections on length and area with different projections and parameter choices. Use of improper map projection is one model construction problem easily avoided. C1 [Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. RP Kuniansky, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM elkunian@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PY 2017 VL 55 IS 2 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1111/gwat.12450 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM9OE UT WOS:000395640200014 PM 27506153 ER PT J AU Gruner, SV Slone, DH Capinera, JL Turco, MP AF Gruner, S. V. Slone, D. H. Capinera, J. L. Turco, M. P. TI Volume of Larvae Is the Most Important Single Predictor of Mass Temperatures in the Forensically Important Calliphorid, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGGOT MASSES; POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; BLOW FLIES; CARRION; RATES; ENTOMOLOGY; DECOMPOSITION; INFERENCE; WORLD; TIME AB Calliphorid species form larval aggregations that are capable of generating heat above ambient temperature. We wanted to determine the relationship between volume, number of larvae, and different combinations of instars on larval mass heat generation. We compared different numbers of Chrysomya megacephala (F.) larvae (40, 100, 250, 600, and 2,000), and different combinations of instars (similar to 50/50 first and second instars, 100% second instars, similar to 50/50 second and third instars, and 100% third instars) at two different ambient temperatures (20 and 30 degrees C). We compared 13 candidate multiple regression models that were fitted to the data; the models were then scored and ranked with Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. The results indicate that although instar, age, treatment temperature, elapsed time, and number of larvae in a mass were significant, larval volume was the best predictor of larval mass temperatures. The volume of a larval mass may need to be taken into consideration for determination of a postmortem interval. C1 [Gruner, S. V.; Capinera, J. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1881 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Slone, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Turco, M. P.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Div Herpetol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gruner, SV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1881 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM savethemaggots@cox.net; dslone@usgs.gov; capinera@ufl.edu; mike@michaelturco.com NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw139 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EP2IX UT WOS:000397207700007 PM 28082629 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Young, NE Sheffels, TR Carter, J Sytsma, MD Talbert, C AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Young, Nicholas E. Sheffels, Trevor R. Carter, Jacoby Sytsma, Mark D. Talbert, Colin TI Evaluating simplistic methods to understand current distributions and forecast distribution changes under climate change scenarios: an example with coypu (Myocastor coypus) SO NEOBIOTA LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS; NUTRIA; AGROSYSTEMS; POPULATION; MODELS AB Invasive species provide a unique opportunity to evaluate factors controlling biogeographic distributions; we can consider introduction success as an experiment testing suitability of environmental conditions. Predicting potential distributions of spreading species is not easy, and forecasting potential distributions with changing climate is even more difficult. Using the globally invasive coypu (Myocastor coypus [Molina, 1782]), we evaluate and compare the utility of a simplistic ecophysiological based model and a correlative model to predict current and future distribution. The ecophysiological model was based on winter temperature relationships with nutria survival. We developed correlative statistical models using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling and biologically relevant climate data with a global extent. We applied the ecophysiological based model to several global circulation model (GCM) predictions for mid-century. We used global coypu introduction data to evaluate these models and to explore a hypothesized physiological limitation, finding general agreement with known coypu distribution locally and globally and support for an upper thermal tolerance threshold. Global circulation model based model results showed variability in coypu predicted distribution among GCMs, but had general agreement of increasing suitable area in the USA. Our methods highlighted the dynamic nature of the edges of the coypu distribution due to climate non-equilibrium, and uncertainty associated with forecasting future distributions. Areas deemed suitable habitat, especially those on the edge of the current known range, could be used for early detection of the spread of coypu populations for management purposes. Combining approaches can be beneficial to predicting potential distributions of invasive species now and in the future and in exploring hypotheses of factors controlling distributions. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Talbert, Colin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sheffels, Trevor R.; Sytsma, Mark D.] Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Management Dept, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program for support. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Suppl. material 1: Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1619-0033 EI 1314-2488 J9 NEOBIOTA JI NeoBiota PY 2017 VL 32 BP 107 EP 125 DI 10.3897/neobiota.32.8884 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN9HP UT WOS:000396311600006 ER PT J AU Yelenik, SG AF Yelenik, Stephanie G. TI Linking dominant Hawaiian tree species to understory development in recovering pastures via impacts on soils and litter SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acacia koa; Hawai'i; litter pools; mesic forest; Metrosideros polymorpha; reforestation; soil nitrogen; understory succession ID MONTANE FOREST RESTORATION; SEED DISPERSAL; RAIN-FOREST; ACACIA-KOA; INTRODUCED BIRDS; SECONDARY FOREST; DEGRADED LANDS; COMMON GARDEN; COSTA-RICA; DRY FOREST AB Large areas of tropical forest have been cleared and planted with exotic grass species for use as cattle pasture. These often remain persistent grasslands after grazer removal, which is problematic for restoring native forest communities. It is often hoped that remnant and/or planted trees can jump-start forest succession; however, there is little mechanistic information on how different canopy species affect community trajectories. To investigate this, I surveyed understory communities, exotic grass biomass, standing litter pools, and soil properties under two dominant canopy trees-Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) and Acacia koa (koa)-in recovering Hawaiian forests. I then used structural equation models (SEMs) to elucidate direct and indirect effects of trees on native understory. Native understory communities developed under 'ohi'a, which had larger standing litter pools, lower soil nitrogen, and lower exotic grass biomass than koa. This pattern was variable, potentially due to historical site differences and/or distance to intact forest. Koa, in contrast, showed little understory development. Instead, data suggest that increased soil nitrogen under koa leads to high grass biomass that stalls native recruitment. SEMs suggested that indirect effects of trees via litter and soils were as or more important than direct effects for determining native cover. It is suggested that diverse plantings which incorporate species that have high carbon to nitrogen ratios may help ameliorate the negative indirect effects of koa on natural understory regeneration. C1 [Yelenik, Stephanie G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Crater Rim Dr,Hawaii Natl Pk, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. RP Yelenik, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Crater Rim Dr,Hawaii Natl Pk, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. EM syelenik@usgs.gov OI Yelenik, Stephanie/0000-0002-9011-0769 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U. S. Fish and Wildlife FX I thank E. Ackerman, T. Weatherson, and E. Rose for long hours of help in the field and laboratory. Site access and/or historical information were provided by J. Kraus, S. Kendall, B. Horiuchi, and J. Jeffrey (U.S. Fish and Wildlife). I also thank L. August-Schmidt, C. D'Antonio, J. Jacobi, N. Hynson, E. Paxton, E. Rose, and two anonymous reviewers for discussion of ideas and/or reading early versions of this manuscript. The map for Figure 1 was created by E. Rose. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and U. S. Fish and Wildlife. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 25 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1111/rec.12377 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO1RP UT WOS:000396475900007 ER PT J AU Kenney, LA Von Hippel, FA AF Kenney, Leah A. Von Hippel, Frank A. TI Freshwater Fish Inventory of the Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; LAKE HARUTORI; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; LOONS; SPECIATION; PENINSULA AB Freshwater fish surveys were conducted at 178 lakes and streams at 13 islands in the Aleutian Archipelago and two islands in the Pribilof Islands during May-September 2002 and 2006-2010. Seven fish species were documented: coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (O. mykiss), Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), anadromous, and resident freshwater threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus species complex), ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus), and Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis). Resident freshwater threespine stickleback and Dolly Varden were the most commonly trapped fish. Ninespine stickleback were found only in the Near Islands group. Populations of resident freshwater threespine stickleback containing a low frequency of individuals with two or four dorsal spines were collected in the Near Islands group and at Adak Island. Sympatric species pairs of anadromous and resident freshwater threespine stickleback were collected in the Andreanof Islands, Rat Islands, and Near Islands groups. Avian piscivores were more commonly observed at lakes with fish. This study provides baseline data for freshwater fish management within the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. C1 [Kenney, Leah A.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Von Hippel, Frank A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 617 S Beaver St,POB 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kenney, Leah A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 4700 BLM RD, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. RP Kenney, LA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Kenney, LA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 4700 BLM RD, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. EM Leah_Kenney@fws.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 177 IS 1 BP 44 EP 56 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM1TP UT WOS:000395100200004 ER PT J AU Pennock, CA Gido, KB Perkin, JS Weaver, VD Davenport, SR Caldwell, JM AF Pennock, Casey A. Gido, Keith B. Perkin, Joshuah S. Weaver, Vaughn D. Davenport, Stephen R. Caldwell, John M. TI Collapsing Range of an Endemic Great Plains Minnow, Peppered Chub Macrhybopsis tetranema SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN RIVER; FRAGMENTATION; DROUGHT; FISHES AB The Peppered Chub Macrhybopsis tetranema was once found throughout the Arkansas River basin in portions of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado. Range-wide declines in both abundance and distribution have occurred over the past three decades coinciding with habitat loss and fragmentation. Over the last decade or more, only two geographically isolated Peppered Chub populations persisted in the Arkansas and Ninnescah rivers in Kansas and a portion of the Canadian River in New Mexico and Texas. Intensive sampling between 2011 and 2013 documented the decline of this species from Kansas during consecutive years of region-wide drought in 2011 and 2012. Equally intensive sampling in 2015 in reaches of the Ninnescah and Arkansas rivers yielded no individuals, suggesting the potential extirpation of this population. Conversely, Peppered Chub were consistently collected in the Canadian River in New Mexico from 2012 to 2015 with increasing numbers in recent years with higher flows. Therefore, Peppered Chub is either extirpated or has declined below detection in Kansas and a stable population only remains in a 220 km reach of the Canadian River. A recovery plan for the Peppered Chub might consider restoration and maintenance of adequate seasonal fluctuating river flows, removal of barriers, and repatriation to river reaches that have experienced extirpation. C1 [Pennock, Casey A.; Gido, Keith B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Perkin, Joshuah S.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Weaver, Vaughn D.] SCS Engineers, Wichita, KS 67226 USA. [Davenport, Stephen R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Caldwell, John M.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. RP Pennock, CA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pennock@ksu.edu FU State Wildlife Grant by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism FX We thank the past crew members of the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism Stream Survey and Assessment Program who assisted in the collection of data. Additionally, for field assistance during our most recent sampling we thank R. Weber, M. Waters, R. Waters, S. Hedden, Z. Cordes, C. Wellemeyer, C. Hedden, J. Mounts, B. Kerr, and A. Hartford. Shannon Brewer, Mark Pyron, and three anonymous reviewers contributed valuable comments on previous versions of this manuscript. This is contribution number 27 of the Wichita State University Biological Field Station. Funding was provided by a State Wildlife Grant provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 177 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM1TP UT WOS:000395100200005 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Kuncir, F Clinton, CC AF Vyas, Nimish B. Kuncir, Frank Clinton, Criss C. TI Influence of Poisoned Prey on Foraging Behavior of Ferruginous Hawks SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; OWLS TYTO-ALBA; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; SELECTIVE PREDATION; GRASS PRAIRIE; COLONIES AB We recorded 19 visits by ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) over 6 d at two black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) subcolonies poisoned with the rodenticide Rozolt (R) Prairie Dog Bait (0.005% chlorophacinone active ingredient) and at an adjacent untreated subcolony. Before Rozolt (R) application ferruginous hawks foraged in the untreated and treated subcolonies but after Rozolt (R) application predation by ferruginous hawks was only observed in the treated subcolonies. We suggest that ferruginous hawks' preference for hunting in the treated subcolonies after Rozolt (R) application was influenced by the availability of easy-tocapture prey, presumably due to Rozolt (R) poisoning. The energetically beneficial behavior of favoring substandard prey may increase raptor encounters with rodenticide exposed animals if prey vulnerability has resulted from poisoning. C1 [Vyas, Nimish B.; Kuncir, Frank; Clinton, Criss C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nvyas@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 FX The study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6. We sincerely thank K. Kritz, K. Dickerson, J. Gober, S. Larson, M. Schwarz, L. Gamble, F. Raish and the staff of the Yuma County Pest Control District, W. Cox, W. Burnidge, C. Pague, J. Melby, L. Quakenbush, N. Andrews, C. Maddox, and K. Boone. We also thank W. N. Beyer, K. Dickerson, P. F. P. Henry, M. Schwarz, and B. A. Rattner for reviewing the manuscript. We are indebted to the associated editor and the anonymous journal reviewers for their thorough and insightful evaluation of the manuscript. This study was approved after peer review by the U.S.G.S. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and by the U.S.G.S. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center's Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 177 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM1TP UT WOS:000395100200007 ER PT J AU Guomundsdottir, S Applegate, LJ Arnason, IO Kristmundsson, A Purcell, MK Elliott, DG AF Guomundsdottir, S. Applegate, L. J. Arnason, I. O. Kristmundsson, A. Purcell, M. K. Elliott, D. G. TI Detecting Renibacterium salmoninarum in wild brown trout by use of multiple organ samples and diagnostic methods SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ATLANTIC SALMON; ARCTIC CHARR; ELISA; PREVALENCES; BROODFISH; MICHIGAN AB Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of salmonid bacterial kidney disease (BKD), is endemic in many wild trout species in northerly regions. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal R. salmoninarum sampling/testing strategy for wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations in Iceland. Fish were netted in a lake and multiple organs kidney, spleen, gills, oesophagus and mid-gut were sampled and subjected to five detection tests i.e. culture, polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) and three different PCR tests. The results showed that each fish had encountered R. salmoninarum but there were marked differences between results obtained depending on organ and test. The bacterium was not cultured from any kidney sample while all kidney samples were positive by pELISA. At least one organ from 92.9% of the fish tested positive by PCR. The results demonstrated that the choice of tissue and diagnostic method can dramatically influence the outcome of R. salmoninarum surveys. C1 [Guomundsdottir, S.; Arnason, I. O.; Kristmundsson, A.] Univ Iceland, Inst Expt Pathol, Keldnavegur 3, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Applegate, L. J.; Purcell, M. K.; Elliott, D. G.] Western Fisheries Res, US Geol Survey, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Guomundsdottir, S (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Expt Pathol, Keldnavegur 3, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM siggag@hi.is NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 B EUR ASSOC FISH PAT JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL2VO UT WOS:000394478800004 ER PT J AU Stewart, DR Butler, MJ Harris, G Johnson, LA Radke, WR AF Stewart, David R. Butler, Matthew J. Harris, Grant Johnson, Lacrecia A. Radke, William R. TI Estimating abundance of endangered fish by eliminating bias from non-constant detectability SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Rio Yaqui fishes; Bayesian mixture models; Monitoring ID MIXTURE-MODELS; UNIT EFFORT; CATCH; RESERVOIRS; EFFICIENCY; DESIGN; COUNTS; LAKES AB Worldwide, approximately half of all freshwater fish are threatened with extinction or lack sufficient data to classify their conservation status. We focused on 3 such species endemic to southeastern Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico: Yaqui topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis sonoriensis, Yaqui chub Gila purpurae, and beautiful shiner Cyprinella formosa. These species, like many others, require accurate estimates and trends of abundance to characterize their conservation status. Hence, sampling must be designed appropriately. We used historical data to determine precision and minimum number of traps necessary to estimate abundance with relative precision <= 25. Next, we examined alternative trap soak times to improve sampling efficiency. We then incorporated variables influencing detectability to produce unbiased abundance estimates. Finally, we simulated how ignoring biases from heterogeneous detectability affects abundance indices and the ability to detect changes in abundance. We found catch estimated from the historical design, which assumed constant detectability, had much variability, thereby requiring similar to 40 traps pond(-1). A 4 h soak duration increased catch for 2 species and detection probability for all. Detectability increased while abundance decreased with water temperature (all 3 species). Detection of beautiful shiner declined as abundance increased with depth. Our simulations indicated that if detectability varies but is assumed constant (i. e. ignoring detection probability), the probability of finding population change when none occurred (i. e. Type I error) is 50%, and the probability of detecting true population change (i. e. power) declines to similar to 0.75. Ignoring variable detectability in count data can misrepresent species status, habitat relationships, and ultimately mislead conservation and stewardship of endangered species. C1 [Stewart, David R.; Butler, Matthew J.; Harris, Grant] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Johnson, Lacrecia A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 12661 East Broadway, Tucson, AZ 85748 USA. [Radke, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Bernardino Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 3509, Douglas, AZ 85608 USA. RP Stewart, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM david_stewart@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Chris Lohrengel, Robert Hastings, and Matthew Christensen for assistance with data collection. Funding and additional support was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not ne cessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 187 EP 201 DI 10.3354/esr00792 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EO9SB UT WOS:000397027300004 ER PT J AU Della Croce, P Poole, GC Payn, RA Gresswell, RE AF Della Croce, Patrick Poole, Geoffrey C. Payn, Robert A. Gresswell, Robert E. TI Early Detection of Nonnative Alleles in Fish Populations: When Sample Size Actually Matters SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HYBRIDIZATION; INTROGRESSION; CONSERVATION; BARRIERS; SALMONIDS; INVASION; HYBRIDS AB Reliable detection of nonnative alleles is crucial for the conservation of sensitive native fish populations at risk of introgression. Typically, nonnative alleles in a population are detected through the analysis of genetic markers in a sample of individuals. Here we show that common assumptions associated with such analyses yield substantial overestimates of the likelihood of detecting nonnative alleles. We present a revised equation to estimate the likelihood of detecting nonnative alleles in a population with a given level of admixture. The new equation incorporates the effects of the genotypic structure of the sampled population and shows that conventional methods overestimate the likelihood of detection, especially when nonnative or F-1 hybrid individuals are present. Under such circumstanceswhich are typical of early stages of introgression and therefore most important for conservation effortsour results show that improved detection of nonnative alleles arises primarily from increasing the number of individuals sampled rather than increasing the number of genetic markers analyzed. Using the revised equation, we describe a new approach to determining the number of individuals to sample and the number of diagnostic markers to analyze when attempting to monitor the arrival of nonnative alleles in native populations. C1 [Della Croce, Patrick; Poole, Geoffrey C.; Payn, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Poole, Geoffrey C.; Payn, Robert A.] Montana Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT USA. [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Della Croce, P (reprint author), Franklin Univ Switzerland, Via Ponte Tresa 29, CH-6921 Sorengo Lugano, Switzerland. EM pdellacroce@fus.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EPS-IIA-1443108, EPS-1101342]; Swiss NSF [PB-SKP3_143944] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) EPSCoR Cooperative Agreements #EPS-IIA-1443108 and #EPS-1101342. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. Additional support for P. Della Croce was provided by the Swiss NSF Grant PB-SKP3_143944. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this software program has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by USGS or the U.S. Government as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by USGS in connection therewith. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2017 VL 42 IS 1 BP 44 EP 56 DI 10.1080/03632415.2017.1259947 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL4GA UT WOS:000394578500010 ER PT J AU Mazza, SE Gazel, E Johnson, EA Bizimis, M McAleer, R Biryol, CB AF Mazza, Sarah E. Gazel, Esteban Johnson, Elizabeth A. Bizimis, Michael McAleer, Ryan Biryol, C. Berk TI Post-rift magmatic evolution of the eastern North American "passive-aggressive" margin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE passive margin; ENAM; postrift magmatism; intraplate magmatism; delamination; shear-driven convection ID MARIE BYRD LAND; UNITED-STATES; OCEANIC-CRUST; ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; MONTEREGIAN HILLS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; MANTLE PLUMES; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; IGNEOUS PROVINCES AB Understanding the evolution of passive margins requires knowledge of temporal and chemical constraints on magmatism following the transition from supercontinent to rifting, to post-rifting evolution. The Eastern North American Margin (ENAM) is an ideal study location as several magmatic pulses occurred in the 200 My following rifting. In particular, the Virginia-West Virginia region of the ENAM has experienced two postrift magmatic pulses at approximate to 152 Ma and 47 Ma, and thus provides a unique opportunity to study the long-term magmatic evolution of passive margins. Here we present a comprehensive set of geochemical data that includes new Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, major and trace-element compositions, and analysis of radiogenic isotopes to further constrain their magmatic history. The Late Jurassic volcanics are bimodal, from basanites to phonolites, while the Eocene volcanics range from picrobasalt to rhyolite. Modeling suggests that the felsic volcanics from both the Late Jurassic and Eocene events are consistent with fractional crystallization. Sr-Nd-Pb systematics for the Late Jurassic event suggests HIMU and EMII components in the magma source that we interpret as upper mantle components rather than crustal interaction. Lithospheric delamination is the best hypothesis for magmatism in Virginia/West Virginia, due to tectonic instabilities that are remnant from the long-term evolution of this margin, resulting in a passive-aggressive margin that records multiple magmatic events long after rifting ended. C1 [Mazza, Sarah E.; Gazel, Esteban] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth A.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Bizimis, Michael] Univ South Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC USA. [McAleer, Ryan] US Geol Survey, Reston, SC USA. [Biryol, C. Berk] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gazel, E (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM egazel@vt.edu OI Bizimis, Michael/0000-0002-4611-6928; Biryol, Cemal/0000-0001-9988-2549 FU GeoPrisms-NSF [EAR-1249412, EAR-1249438] FX Data for this study can be found in the supporting information section. This project was supported by GeoPrisms-NSF awards EAR-1249412 to E.G. and EAR-1249438 to E.J. We thank JMU undergraduate students B. Soles, G. Brennan, M. Bulas, D. Jones, N. Rossi, A. Wenger, and B. Sacco for sample collection help. This manuscript was improved by discussion with L. Wagner and B. Schmandt. We also thank J. Konter, K. S. Hughes, A. Merschat, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful comments and corrections, and T. Becker for editorial handling of this manuscript. NR 139 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1002/2016GC006646 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM3AJ UT WOS:000395186600001 ER PT J AU Reid, MR Vazquez, JA AF Reid, Mary R. Vazquez, Jorge A. TI Fitful and protracted magma assembly leading to a giant eruption, Youngest Toba Tuff, Indonesia SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE supervolcano; zircon; geochronology; compositional zoning ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; MOUNT ST-HELENS; RESIDENCE TIMES; ZIRCON CRYSTALLIZATION; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; COMPLEX BENEATH; RHYOLITE-MELTS; CRYSTAL MUSHES; NORTH SUMATRA; CALDERA AB The paroxysmal eruption of the 74 ka Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) of northern Sumatra produced an extraordinary 2800 km(3) of nonwelded to densely welded ignimbrite and coignimbrite ashfall. We report insights into the duration of YTT magma assembly obtained from ion microprobe U-Th and U-Pb dates, including continuous age spectra over >50% of final zircon growth, for pumices and a welded tuff spanning the compositional range of the YTT. A relatively large subpopulation of zircon crystals nucleated before the penultimate caldera-related eruption at 501 ka, but most zircons yielded interior dates 100-300 ka thereafter. Zircon nucleation and growth was likely episodic and from diverse conditions over protracted time intervals of >100 to >500 ka. Final zircon growth is evident as thin rim plateaus that are in Th/U chemical equilibrium with hosts, and that give crystallization ages within tens of ka of eruption. The longevity and chemical characteristics of the YTT zircons, as well as evidence for intermittent zircon isolation and remobilization associated with magma recharge, is especially favored at the cool and wet eutectoid conditions that characterize at least half of the YTT, wherein heat fluxes could dissolve major phases but have only a minor effect on larger zircon crystals. Repeated magma recharge may have contributed to the development of compositional zoning in the YTT but, considered together with limited allanite, quartz, and other mineral dating and geospeedometry, regular perturbations to the magma reservoir over >400 ka did not lead to eruption until 74 ka ago. C1 [Reid, Mary R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reid, MR (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM mary.reid@nau.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9706519, EAR-0003601, EAR-1322077]; ETH Zurich; University of Washington Helen R. Whiteley Center; Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation FX We thank Mary Caress, Craig Chesner, Chris Coath, Marty Grove, and Axel Schmitt for their efforts on behalf of this project. We are grateful to Olivier Bachmann, Ben Ellis, Jonathan Miller, and Heather Wright for insightful scientific comments and editorial suggestions that helped to improve this paper. The National Science Foundation, whose grants EAR-9706519, EAR-0003601, and EAR-1322077 enabled us to undertake this research, is gratefully acknowledged. The hospitality and support from ETH Zurich and the University of Washington Helen R. Whiteley Center enabled MR to complete this paper. The ion microprobe facility at the University of California, Los Angeles, is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The data used are listed in the supporting information and the references. NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 156 EP 177 DI 10.1002/2016GC006641 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM3AJ UT WOS:000395186600010 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Roberts, KE Flannery, JA Morrison, JM Richey, JN AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Roberts, Kelsey E. Flannery, Jennifer A. Morrison, Jennifer M. Richey, Julie N. TI Fidelity of the Sr/Ca proxy in recording ocean temperature in the western Atlantic coral Siderastrea siderea SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE vital effects; temperature proxy; strontium; sea-surface temperature; coral calcification; temperature reconstruction ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GROWTH-RATES; MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; FLORIDA-KEYS; REEF CORALS; BLEACHING EVENT; MASSIVE PORITES; ISOTOPIC RECORD; VARIABILITY AB Massive corals provide a useful archive of environmental variability, but careful testing of geochemical proxies in corals is necessary to validate the relationship between each proxy and environmental parameter throughout the full range of conditions experienced by the recording organisms. Here we use samples from a coral-growth study to test the hypothesis that Sr/Ca in the coral Siderastrea siderea accurately records sea-surface temperature (SST) in the subtropics (Florida, USA) along 350 km of reef tract. We test calcification rate, measured via buoyant weight, and linear extension (LE) rate, estimated with Alizarin Red-S staining, as predictors of variance in the Sr/Ca records of 39 individual S. siderea corals grown at four outer-reef locations next to in-situ temperature loggers during two, year-long periods. We found that corals with calcification rates<1.7 mg cm(-2) d(-1) or<1.7 mm yr(-1) LE returned spuriously high Sr/Ca values, leading to a cold-bias in Sr/Ca-based SST estimates. The threshold-type response curves suggest that extension rate can be used as a quality-control indicator during sample and drill-path selection when using long cores for SST paleoreconstruction. For our corals that passed this quality control step, the Sr/Ca-SST proxy performed well in estimating mean annual temperature across three sites spanning 350 km of the Florida reef tract. However, there was some evidence that extreme temperature stress in 2010 (cold snap) and 2011 (SST above coral-bleaching threshold) may have caused the corals not to record the temperature extremes. Known stress events could be avoided during modern calibrations of paleoproxies. Plain Language Summary Coral skeletons are used to decipher past environmental conditions in the ocean because they live for centuries and produce annual growth bands much like tree rings. Along with measuring coral growth rates in the past, coral skeletons can be chemically sampled to get even more detailed information, like past seawater temperatures. In this study we tested the validity of the strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) temperature proxy in the Massive Starlet Coral (Siderastrea siderea) by sampling 39 corals that were grown in the ocean right next to instruments recording underwater temperature. We found that, as long as corals with very slow growth rates are avoided, the proxy performed well across an extensive region in the western Atlantic. C1 [Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Roberts, Kelsey E.; Flannery, Jennifer A.; Morrison, Jennifer M.; Richey, Julie N.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Roberts, Kelsey E.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal & Marine Geology Program; Climate & Land-use Research & Development Program; Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center FX This work and all authors were funded by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal & Marine Geology Program and the Climate & Land-use Research & Development Program, with supplementary funds from the Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center. For field and laboratory help we thank A. Brame, L. Goldberger, D. Hickey, K. Ludwig, M. Maraia, C. Reich, C. Reynolds, J. Sanford, and C. Williams. The study was conducted under scientific permits FKNMS-2008-062A, FKNMS-2010-122, DRTO-2009-SCI-0009, DRTO-2011-SCI-0004, BISC-2009-SCI-0019, BISC-2010-SCI-0035, and BISC-2011-SCI-0025. Readers can access all data and metadata supporting the analyses and conclusions at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XP732P. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. There are no conflicts of interest for any author in regards to conclusions drawn in this paper. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1002/2016GC006640 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM3AJ UT WOS:000395186600011 ER PT J AU Irvine, DJ Briggs, MA Lautz, LK Gordon, RP McKenzie, JM Cartwright, I AF Irvine, Dylan J. Briggs, Martin A. Lautz, Laura K. Gordon, Ryan P. McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Cartwright, Ian TI Using Diurnal Temperature Signals to Infer Vertical Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Review ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; TIME-SERIES; STREAMBED TEMPERATURES; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; SITE SELECTION; LOSING STREAM; FLOW; QUANTIFY; HEAT AB Heat is a powerful tracer to quantify fluid exchange between surface water and groundwater. Temperature time series can be used to estimate pore water fluid flux, and techniques can be employed to extend these estimates to produce detailed plan-view flux maps. Key advantages of heat tracing include cost-effective sensors and ease of data collection and interpretation, without the need for expensive and time-consuming laboratory analyses or induced tracers. While the collection of temperature data in saturated sediments is relatively straightforward, several factors influence the reliability of flux estimates that are based on time series analysis (diurnal signals) of recorded temperatures. Sensor resolution and deployment are particularly important in obtaining robust flux estimates in upwelling conditions. Also, processing temperature time series data involves a sequence of complex steps, including filtering temperature signals, selection of appropriate thermal parameters, and selection of the optimal analytical solution for modeling. This review provides a synthesis of heat tracing using diurnal temperature oscillations, including details on optimal sensor selection and deployment, data processing, model parameterization, and an overview of computing tools available. Recent advances in diurnal temperature methods also provide the opportunity to determine local saturated thermal diffusivity, which can improve the accuracy of fluid flux modeling and sensor spacing, which is related to streambed scour and deposition. These parameters can also be used to determine the reliability of flux estimates from the use of heat as a tracer. C1 [Irvine, Dylan J.; Cartwright, Ian] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Irvine, Dylan J.; Cartwright, Ian] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, 326 Sturt Rd, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Briggs, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lautz, Laura K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 204 Heroy Geol Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Gordon, Ryan P.] Maine Geol Survey, 93 State House Stn, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. RP Irvine, DJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM dylan.irvine@monash.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW-14-92381701] FX This work was inspired by a conference paper presented at the 2016 International Symposium on Ecohydraulics (Irvine et al. 2016a). The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded the review described here under assistance agreement number DW-14-92381701 to the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We would like to acknowledge Sarah A. Bourke, John E. McCray, Sandra Cooper and two anonymous reviewers whose insightful reviews helped improve our manuscript. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 10 EP 26 DI 10.1111/gwat.12459 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EK5GW UT WOS:000393955900004 PM 27696430 ER PT J AU Irvine, DJ Briggs, MA Cartwright, I Scruggs, CR Lautz, LK AF Irvine, D. J. Briggs, M. A. Cartwright, I. Scruggs, C. R. Lautz, L. K. TI Improved Vertical Streambed Flux Estimation Using Multiple Diurnal Temperature Methods in Series SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SURFACE-WATER; HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; HEAT; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE; RIVERS AB Analytical solutions that use diurnal temperature signals to estimate vertical fluxes between groundwater and surface water based on either amplitude ratios (A(r)) or phase shifts (phi) produce results that rarely agree. Analytical solutions that simultaneously utilize A(r) and phi within a single solution have more recently been derived, decreasing uncertainty in flux estimates in some applications. Benefits of combined (A(r)phi) methods also include that thermal diffusivity and sensor spacing can be calculated. However, poor identification of either A(r) or phi from raw temperature signals can lead to erratic parameter estimates from A(r)phi methods. An add-on program for VFLUX 2 is presented to address this issue. Using thermal diffusivity selected from an A(r)phi method during a reliable time period, fluxes are recalculated using an A(r) method. This approach maximizes the benefits of the A(r) and A(r)phi methods. Additionally, sensor spacing calculations can be used to identify periods with unreliable flux estimates, or to assess streambed scour. Using synthetic and field examples, the use of these solutions in series was particularly useful for gaining conditions where fluxes exceeded 1 m/d. C1 [Irvine, D. J.; Cartwright, I.] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Irvine, D. J.; Cartwright, I.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Briggs, M. A.; Scruggs, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lautz, L. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 204 Heroy Geol Lab, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Irvine, DJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM dylan.irvine@monash.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substance Hydrology Program FX We would like to thank DHI WASY for the FEFLOW license made available through the National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training. The field data from Zimmer and Lautz (2014), VFLUX 2 package, and vflux_qar_opt.m add-on script are available at http://hydrology.syr.edu/vflux. Funding was provided partially by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substance Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We would also like to thank Barret Kurylyk and the three anonymous reviewers whose reviews helped improve our article. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1111/gwat.12436 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EK5GW UT WOS:000393955900009 PM 27331372 ER PT J AU Elliott, D Winton, J AF Elliott, Diane Winton, Jim TI William Toshio Yasutake, 1922-2016 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Elliott, Diane; Winton, Jim] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Washington, DC USA. RP Elliott, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2017 VL 29 IS 1 BP 57 EP 58 DI 10.1080/08997659.2017.1295674 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA EM1SC UT WOS:000395096300007 PM 28225636 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Ritchie, AC Adelman, G Adelman, K Limber, PW AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Ritchie, Andrew C. Adelman, Gabrielle Adelman, Kenneth Limber, Patrick W. TI New Techniques to Measure Cliff Change from Historical Oblique Aerial Photographs and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE California Coastal Records Project; photogrammetry; Fort Funston; cliff erosion ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL CLIFF; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SHORELINE CHANGE; WAVE RUNUP; EROSION; BEACH; TOPOGRAPHY; SEDIMENT; RETREAT AB Oblique aerial photograph surveys are commonly used to document coastal landscapes. Here it is shown that adequate overlap may exist in these photographic records to develop topographic models with Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques. Using photographs of Fort Funston, California, from the California Coastal Records Project, imagery were combined with ground control points in a four-dimensional analysis that produced topographic point clouds of the study area's cliffs for 5 years spanning 2002 to 2010. Uncertainty was assessed by comparing point clouds with airborne LIDAR data, and these uncertainties were related to the number and spatial distribution of ground control points used in the SfM analyses. With six or more ground control points, the root mean squared errors between the SfM and LIDAR data were less than 0.30 m (minimum = 0.18 m), and the mean systematic error was less than 0.10 m. The SfM results had several benefits over traditional airborne LIDAR in that they included point coverage on vertical-to-overhanging sections of the cliff and resulted in 10-100 times greater point densities. Time series of the SfM results revealed topographic changes, including landslides, rock falls, and the erosion of landslide talus along the Fort Funston beach. Thus, it was concluded that SfM photogrammetric techniques with historical oblique photographs allow for the extraction of useful quantitative information for mapping coastal topography and measuring coastal change. The new techniques presented here are likely applicable to many photograph collections and problems in the earth sciences. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Limber, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ritchie, Andrew C.] Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Adelman, Gabrielle; Adelman, Kenneth] Calif Coastal Records Project, Corralitos, CA 95076 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov FU Remote Sensing Coastal Change project - U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We are grateful for the thoughtful and insightful review comments of Rob Thieler and three anonymous reviewers that helped improve this paper significantly. Amy Foxgrover and Dan Hoover assisted with the ground control point surveys and data analyses. JAW was supported by the Remote Sensing Coastal Change project funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. ACR developed the 4D techniques cited here through monitoring the Department of the Interior's Elwha River Restoration Project. PL was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00095.1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EL9FS UT WOS:000394926100003 ER PT J AU Flores-Cardenas, F Hurtado-Oliva, MA Doyle, TW Nieves-Soto, M Diaz-Castro, S Manzano-Sarabia, M AF Flores-Cardenas, Francisco Angel Hurtado-Oliva, Miguel Doyle, Thomas W. Nieves-Soto, Mario Diaz-Castro, Sara Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne TI Litterfall Production of Mangroves in Huizache-Caimanero Lagoon System, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; Laguncularia racemosa; chlorophyll a; NDVI; mangrove structure; PCQM ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CHLOROPHYLL; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; FOREST; COAST AB The ecological legacy of the Huizache-Caimanero lagoon system has long been known as a trophically rich and productive ecosystem that supported artisanal fisheries of local and regional importance; however, a decline in fisheries' yields has been observed in recent decades. Mangroves are a fundamental component of this ecosystem, though data records and field studies are lacking in describing their structure and seasonal characteristics. Mangrove litterfall production was monitored during 2012-13 and described for the dominant species, Avicennia germinans (L.) Steam and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn. Forest surveys and monthly litter collections were obtained along a latitudinal gradient within the larger lagoon system to characterize the forest structure, leaf biomass, and related biological indicators (chlorophyll a concentration and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI] estimated on leaf tissues). Results showed that structural characteristics (diameter at breast height, basal area, height, and crown diameter) were greater in Huizache, corresponding to patches with a dominance of A. germinans, while higher stem density was recorded for L. racemosa in Caimanero, comparatively similar to other mangrove habitat in NW Mexico. Litterfall was highest from May to October for both species. Litterfall production was also higher overall in 2012 in comparison to 2013, possibly corresponding with meteorological differences, most notably wind conditions. Annual litterfall production was similar by species across northern and southern Sinaloa. A contrast of the NDVI by site and species showed a wide interval, including low values for A. germinans, suggesting stress conditions for this species. C1 [Flores-Cardenas, Francisco; Angel Hurtado-Oliva, Miguel; Nieves-Soto, Mario; Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne] Univ Autenoma Sinaloa, Fac Ciencias Mar, Mazatlan 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Doyle, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Diaz-Castro, Sara] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. RP Manzano-Sarabia, M (reprint author), Univ Autenoma Sinaloa, Fac Ciencias Mar, Mazatlan 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico. EM mmanzano@uas.edu.mx FU PROMEP UAS-NPTC [UAS-PTC-039]; PROFAPI [2011/100, 2012/098, 2013/106]; CONABIO [LM004]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [241159] FX Authors acknowledge financial support provided throughout PROMEP UAS-NPTC UAS-PTC-039, PROFAPI 2011/100, 2012/098, 2013/106, CONABIO LM004 grants. Special acknowledgments to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia for providing a doctoral scholarship to F. Flores-Cardenas (No. 241159). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00242.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EL9FS UT WOS:000394926100010 ER PT J AU Alvarez, LV Schmeeckle, MW Grams, PE AF Alvarez, Laura V. Schmeeckle, Mark W. Grams, Paul E. TI A detached eddy simulation model for the study of lateral separation zones along a large canyon-bound river SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE Fluvial Geomorphology; Dettached Eddy Simulation; Large Eddy Simulation; Rivers; Colorado River; Three-dimensional Model ID COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CHANNEL CONFLUENCES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FLOW STRUCTURE; HUMPBACK CHUB; TURBULENT-FLOW; GROYNE FIELDS; BED AB Lateral flow separation occurs in rivers where banks exhibit strong curvature. In canyon-bound rivers, lateral recirculation zones are the principal storage of fine-sediment deposits. A parallelized, three-dimensional, turbulence-resolving model was developed to study the flow structures along lateral separation zones located in two pools along the Colorado River in Marble Canyon. The model employs the detached eddy simulation (DES) technique, which resolves turbulence structures larger than the grid spacing in the interior of the flow. The DES-3D model is validated using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler flow measurements taken during the 2008 controlled flood release from Glen Canyon Dam. A point-to-point validation using a number of skill metrics, often employed in hydrological research, is proposed here for fluvial modeling. The validation results show predictive capabilities of the DES model. The model reproduces the pattern and magnitude of the velocity in the lateral recirculation zone, including the size and position of the primary and secondary eddy cells, and return current. The lateral recirculation zone is open, having continuous import of fluid upstream of the point of reattachment and export by the recirculation return current downstream of the point of separation. Differences in magnitude and direction of near-bed and near-surface velocity vectors are found, resulting in an inward vertical spiral. Interaction between the recirculation return current and the main flow is dynamic, with large temporal changes in flow direction and magnitude. Turbulence structures with a predominately vertical axis of vorticity are observed in the shear layer becoming three-dimensional without preferred orientation downstream. C1 [Alvarez, Laura V.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schmeeckle, Mark W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA. [Grams, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Alvarez, LV (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM alvarez@ou.edu OI Alvarez, Laura V/0000-0002-5047-5384 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC); Arizona State University's Graduate College Dissertation Fellowship; School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning at Arizona State University FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC). Laura V. Alvarez was funded by Arizona State University's Graduate College Dissertation Fellowship and the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning at Arizona State University. We are grateful to the editor Giovanni Coco (Editor), Bruce MacVicar (Associate Editor), and two anonymous reviewers. Their reviews and suggestions substantially improved the content and organization of this article. Scott Wright from U.S. Geological Survey and Matt Kaplinski from the School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University are acknowledged for providing field survey data. The data were provided by the GCMRC upon personal request (website: www.gcmrc.gov). All the simulations were performed at the Arizona State University Advanced Computing Center (A2C2). NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 25 EP 49 DI 10.1002/2016JF003895 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL8XY UT WOS:000394904900002 ER PT J AU Anthony, RE Aster, RC McGrath, D AF Anthony, Robert E. Aster, Richard C. McGrath, Daniel TI Links between atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere from two decades of microseism observations on the Antarctic Peninsula SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE sea ice; microseism; Drake Passage; Antarctic Peninsula; storm activity; Southern Annular Mode ID SEISMIC BACKGROUND-NOISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WAVE CLIMATE; SEA; WIND; VARIABILITY; COASTAL; SURFACE AB The lack of landmasses, climatological low pressure, and strong circumpolar westerly winds between the latitudes of 50 degrees S to 65 degrees S produce exceptional storm-driven wave conditions in the Southern Ocean. This combination makes the Antarctic Peninsula one of Earth's most notable regions of high-amplitude wave activity and thus, ocean-swell-driven microseism noise in both the primary (direct wave-coastal region interactions) and secondary (direct ocean floor forcing due to interacting wave trains) period bands. Microseism observations are examined across 23years (1993-2015) from Palmer Station (PMSA), on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, and from East Falkland Island (EFI). These records provide a spatially integrative measure of both Southern Ocean wave amplitudes and the interactions between ocean waves and the solid Earth in the presence of sea ice, which can reduce wave coupling with the continental shelf. We utilize a spatiotemporal correlation-based approach to illuminate how the distribution of sea ice influences seasonal microseism power. We characterize primary and secondary microseism power due to variations in sea ice and find that primary microseism energy is both more sensitive to sea ice and more capable of propagating across ocean basins than secondary microseism energy. During positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode, sea ice is reduced in the Bellingshausen Sea and overall storm activity in the Drake Passage increases, thus strongly increasing microseism power levels. C1 [Anthony, Robert E.; Aster, Richard C.; McGrath, Daniel] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anthony, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [McGrath, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Anthony, RE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Anthony, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM robert.anthony@colostate.edu OI MCGRATH, DANIEL/0000-0002-9462-6842 FU NSF [EAR-1261681, 1419268, 1141916] FX We thank David Reusch for his assistance in preparing and analyzing the sea ice data used in this manuscript, which was obtained from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (https://nsidc.org/). We additionally thank Adam Ringler, David Thompson, David Reusch, Derek Schutt, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions to improve this article. Monthly mean Southern Annular Mode indices were retrieved from the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/cwlink/daily_ao_index/aao/ aao_index.html). The facilities of IRIS Data Services, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveforms, related metadata (http://ds.iris.edu/mda). The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a cooperative scientific facility operated jointly by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). IRIS facilities operate under NSF Cooperative AgreementEAR-1261681. This research was funded through NSF grants 1419268 and 1141916. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1002/2016JF004098 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL8XY UT WOS:000394904900008 ER PT J AU Baho, DL Drakare, S Johnson, RK Allen, CR Angeler, DG AF Baho, Didier L. Drakare, Stina Johnson, Richard K. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. TI Is the impact of eutrophication on phytoplankton diversity dependent on lake volume/ecosystem size? SO JOURNAL OF LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; shallow lakes; ecosystem size; impact assessment; phytoplankton; global climate change ID CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHALLOW LAKES; BETA-DIVERSITY; RICHNESS; HABITAT; CYANOBACTERIA; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS AB Research focusing on biodiversity responses to the interactions of ecosystem size and anthropogenic stressors are based mainly on correlative gradient studies, and may therefore confound size-stress relationships due to spatial context and differences in local habitat features across ecosystems. We investigated how local factors related to anthropogenic stressors (e.g., eutrophication) interact with ecosystem size to influence species diversity. In this study, constructed lake mesocosms (with two contrasting volumes: 1020 (shallow mesocosms) and 2150 (deep mesocosms) litres) were used to simulate ecosystems of different size and manipulated nutrient levels to simulate mesotrophic and hypertrophic conditions. Using a factorial design, we assessed how the interaction between ecosystem size and nutrients influences phytoplankton diversity. We assessed community metrics (richness, diversity, evenness and total biovolumes) and multivariate community structure over a growing season (May to early November 2011). Different community structures were found between deep and shallow mescosoms with nutrient enrichment: Cyanobacteria dominated in the deep and Charophyta in the shallow mesocosms. In contrast, phytoplankton communities were more similar to each other in the low nutrient treatments; only Chlorophyta had generally a higher biovolume in the shallow compared to the deep mesocosms. These results suggest that ecosystem size is not only a determinant of species diversity, but that it can mediate the influence of anthropogenic effects on biodiversity. Such interactions increase the uncertainty of global change outcomes, and should therefore not be ignored in risk/impact assessment and management. C1 [Baho, Didier L.; Drakare, Stina; Johnson, Richard K.; Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Baho, Didier L.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Baho, DL (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.; Baho, DL (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. EM didier.baho@niva.no OI Drakare, Stina/0000-0002-7389-2105 FU EU FP-7 Theme 6 project REFRESH [244121]; August T. Larsson foundation of the NJ Faculty; Swedish Research Council Formas [2014-1193]; Swedish Research Council VR [2014-5828]; U.S.Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This study was financed by the EU FP-7 Theme 6 project REFRESH (Adaptive Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on European Freshwater Ecosystems,Contract No.:244121, www.refresh.ucl.ac.uk/) and the August T. Larsson foundation of the NJ Faculty (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences). Additional support by the Swedish Research Councils Formas (2014-1193) and VR (2014-5828) is acknowledged. We are thankful for the assistance of the Erken Lab staff and Sebastian Sonesten during field work and the help of taxonomic experts Eva Herlitz and Isabel Quintana when identifying phytoplankton.; The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S.Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PAGEPRESS PUBL PI PAVIA PA MEDITGROUP, VIA G BELLI, 4, PAVIA, 27100, ITALY SN 1129-5767 EI 1723-8633 J9 J LIMNOL JI J. Limnol. PY 2017 VL 76 IS 1 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1562 PG 12 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EO5BT UT WOS:000396708700019 ER PT J AU Djemali, I Guillard, J Yule, DL AF Djemali, Imed Guillard, Jean Yule, Daniel L. TI Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio) SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bubbles; fishing; man-made lake; semi-arid area; underexploited ID MAN-MADE LAKES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TARGET STRENGTH; ABUNDANCE; SUPERIOR; BUBBLES; ERADICATION; ECHOSOUNDER; DEPENDENCE; FLOODPLAIN AB The aim of the present study was to understand how seasonal fish distributions affect acoustically derived fish biomass estimates in a shallow reservoir in a semi-arid country (Tunisia). To that end, sampling events were performed during four seasons (spring (June), summer (September), autumn (December) and winter (March)) that included day and night surveys. A Simrad EK60 echosounder, equipped with two 120-kHz split-beam transducers for simultaneous horizontal and vertical beaming, was used to sample the entire water column. Surveys during spring and summer and daytime hours of winter were deemed unusable owing to high methane flux from the sediment, and during the day survey of autumn, fish were close to the reservoir bottom leading to low detectability. It follows that acoustic surveys should be conducted only at night during the cold season (December-March) for shallow reservoirs having carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) as the dominant species. Further, night-time biomass estimates during the cold season declined significantly (P < 0.001) from autumn to winter. Based on our autumn night-time survey, overall fish biomass in the Bir-Mcherga Reservoir was high (mean (+/- s.d.) 185 +/- 98 tonnes (Mg)), but annual fishery exploitation is low (19.3-24.1 Mg) because the fish biomass is likely dominated by invasive carp not targeted by fishers. The results suggest that controlling carp would help improve the fishery. C1 [Djemali, Imed] Inst Natl Sci & Technol Mer, 28 Rue 2 Mars 1934 Ctr Salammbo, Tunis 2025, Tunisia. [Guillard, Jean] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, INRA, BP 511, F-74203 Thonon Les Bains, France. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Djemali, I (reprint author), Inst Natl Sci & Technol Mer, 28 Rue 2 Mars 1934 Ctr Salammbo, Tunis 2025, Tunisia. EM imed.djemali@instm.rnrt.tn FU Tunisian Ministry for Higher Education and Scientific Research FX This study was financed by the Tunisian Ministry for Higher Education and Scientific Research, and was performed as part of the research project 'Mise en valeur Halieutique des Ecosystemes Continentaux' (MIHEC). The authors express their gratitude to the people in charge of regional fishing in the district of Zaghouan for their assistance. We thank Mr Gary Thiede (Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA) for improving the manuscript through his friendly review. This paper is contribution number 2024 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2017 VL 68 IS 3 BP 528 EP 537 DI 10.1071/MF15249 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN5II UT WOS:000396038400012 ER PT J AU Symstad, AJ Leis, SA AF Symstad, Amy J. Leis, Sherry A. TI Woody Encroachment in Northern Great Plains Grasslands: Perceptions, Actions, and Needs SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE juniper expansion; perceived impact; prescribed fire; survey; woody species control ID EASTERN REDCEDAR; PONDEROSA PINE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON CHANGES; SOIL CARBON; BLACK-HILLS; FIRE AB The United States Northern Great Plains (NGP) has a high potential for landscape-scale conservation, but this grassland landscape is threatened by encroachment of woody species. We surveyed NGP land managers to identify patterns in, and illustrate a broad range of, individual managers' perceptions on (1) the threat of woody encroachment to grasslands they manage, and (2) what management practices they use that may influence woody encroachment in this region. In the 34 surveys returned, which came from predominantly public lands in the study area, 79% of responses reported moderate or substantial woody encroachment. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) were the most problematic encroachers. Thirty-one survey respondents said that prescribed fire was used on the lands they manage, and 64% of these responses reported that controlling woody encroachment was a fire management objective. However, only 18% of survey respondents using prescribed fire were achieving their desired fire return interval. Most respondents reported using mechanical and/or chemical methods to control woody species. In contrast to evidence from the central and southern Great Plains, few survey respondents viewed grazing as affecting encroachment. Although the NGP public land managers we surveyed clearly recognize woody encroachment as a problem and are taking steps to address it, many feel that the rate of their management is not keeping pace with the rate of encroachment. Developing strategies for effective woody plant control in a variety of NGP management contexts requires filling ecological science gaps and overcoming societal barriers to using prescribed fire. C1 [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Wind Cave Natl Pk 26611 US Highway 385, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. [Leis, Sherry A.] Missouri State Univ, Biol Dept, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Symstad, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Wind Cave Natl Pk 26611 US Highway 385, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. EM asymstad@usgs.gov FU US Department of Interior North Central Climate Science Center; US Geological Survey; National Park Service and Joint Fire Science Programs FX We thank the survey respondents for their input and Al Steuter, Pete Bauman, Ryan Limb, Georgiana Saunders, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Research was funded by the US Department of Interior North Central Climate Science Center. Support was also provided by the US Geological Survey, and the National Park Service and Joint Fire Science Programs through cooperative agreements. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the US Department of Interior, National Park Service. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 118 EP 127 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA EM3IM UT WOS:000395208300011 ER PT J AU Rizzo, AA Welsh, SA Thompson, PA AF Rizzo, Austin A. Welsh, Stuart A. Thompson, Patricia A. TI A Paired-Laser Photogrammetric Method for In Situ Length Measurement of Benthic Fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONCORDANCE CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; ASSESSING AGREEMENT; SIZE-STRUCTURE; STEREO-VIDEO; CAMERA; PRECISION; ACCURACY; IMAGES AB Photogrammetry, a technique to obtain measurements from photographs, may be a valid method for measuring lengths of rare, threatened, or endangered species. Photogrammetric methods of measurement are nonintrusive and reduce the possibility of physical damage or physiological stress associated with the capture and handling of individuals. We evaluated precision and accuracy of photogrammetric length measurements relative to board measurements of Greenside Darters Etheostoma blennioides and Variegate Darters E. variatum in an aquarium and applied photogrammetry in a field study of the Diamond Darter Crystallaria cincotta, a federally listed endangered species. Digital photographs were taken of each individual using a waterproof camera equipped with two parallel lasers. Photogrammetric length measurements were digitized with ImageJ software. Agreement between board and photogrammetric measurements were high for Greenside and Variegate darters. The magnitude of differences was small between direct and photogrammetric measurements, ranging from 0.6% to 3.1%, depending on the species measured and the type of measurement taken. These results support photogrammetry as a useful method for obtaining length measurements of benthic stream fishes. Photogrammetric methods allowed for length measurements and an assessment of length frequency of 199 Diamond Darters, informative data for management that could not be collected with conventional measuring-board methods. C1 [Rizzo, Austin A.; Thompson, Patricia A.] Univ Virginia, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Post Off Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Rizzo, AA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM aarizzo@mix.wvu.edu FU NiSource; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; West Virginia University IACUC [12-0205] FX The authors thank NiSource and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding. We thank Joni Aldinger, Brian Crabill, Kevin Lambert, and Rich Raesly for field assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of West Virginia University IACUC protocol 12-0205. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1235632 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700003 ER PT J AU Goodman, DH Reid, SB Reyes, RC Wu, BJ Bridges, BB AF Goodman, Damon H. Reid, Stewart B. Reyes, Rene C. Wu, Brandon J. Bridges, Brent B. TI Screen Efficiency and Implications for Losses of Lamprey Macrophthalmia at California's Largest Water Diversions SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; FISH; PETROMYZONTIDAE; CONSERVATION; ENTRAINMENT; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; ESTUARY AB We investigated the guidance efficiency of fish screens for the protection of emigrating Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Western River Lamprey (also known as River Lamprey) Lampetra ayresii in a series of experimental trials. All trials were conducted at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility, located in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Estuary at the entrance to one of the world's largest surface water diversions. Using 1,200 lamprey macrophthalmia, we tested for the effect of screen type, time of day, and channel water velocity to guide their swimming behavior to avoid entrainment. We found overwhelming evidence for an effect of screen type on efficiency, whereby all lampreys were successfully guided to a holding tank when a vertical traveling screen was used. This was likely due to the small pore size of the screen relative to lamprey sizes. In contrast, the efficiency of louvers, a behavioral screen designed for salmonids, varied by the interaction of time of day and channel velocity. During nighttime, when lamprey typically emigrate, louver guidance efficiency ranged from 21% (95% CI, 14-30%) to 24% (95% CI, 16-34%). These results were applied to estimate the probability for salvage of lamprey macrophthalmia at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility, which includes a two-stage fish screen design. Between 1957 and 2014, we estimated that 94-96% of the lampreys that were entrained in the export flows were lost and not returned to the delta. However, the probability for fish loss was reduced in 2014 when the secondary louver was replaced with a vertical traveling screen. Our results suggest that lamprey macrophthalmia entrainment into the canals will be eliminated at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility if the primary screen is converted to vertical traveling screen. Surface water diversions may represent a substantial threat to regional metapopulations of anadromous lamprey species worldwide, and screening approaches applied to other fish species such as salmonids may not be protective of lampreys. C1 [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, 2045 East Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Reyes, Rene C.; Wu, Brandon J.; Bridges, Brent B.] Bur Reclamat, Tracy Fish Collect Facil, 16650 Kelso Rd, Byron, CA 94514 USA. RP Goodman, DH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM damon_goodman@fws.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Tracy Fish Collection Facility; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Many individuals contributed to the success of this project. In particular, we thank Nicholas A. Som of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service who provided guidance on the analytical approach. This paper benefited from the thoughtful review of Geoff McMichael and two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Tracy Fish Collection Facility and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1235633 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700005 ER PT J AU Bouska, WW Glover, DC Bouska, KL Garvey, JE AF Bouska, Wesley W. Glover, David C. Bouska, Kristen L. Garvey, James E. TI A Refined Electrofishing Technique for Collecting Silver Carp: Implications for Management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BASIN AB Detecting nuisance species at low abundance or in newly established areas is critical to developing pest management strategies. Due to their sensitivity to disturbance and erratic jumping behavior, Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix can be difficult to collect with traditional sampling methods. We compared catch per unit effort (CPUE) of all species froma Long Term Resource Monitoring (LTRM) electrofishing protocol to an experimental electrofishing technique designed to minimize Silver Carp evasion through tactical boat maneuvering and selective application of power. Differences in CPUE between electrofishing methods were detected for 2 of 41 species collected across 2 years of sampling at 20 sites along the Illinois River. The mean catch rate of Silver Carp using the experimental technique was 2.2 times the mean catch rate of the LTRM electrofishing technique; the increased capture efficiency at low relative abundance emphasizes the utility of this method for early detection. The experimental electrofishing also collected slightly larger Silver Carp (mean: 510.7 mm TL versus 495.2 mm TL), and nearly four times as many Silver Carp independently jumped into the boat during experimental transects. Novel sampling approaches, such as the experimental electrofishing technique used in this study, should be considered to increase probability of detection for aquatic nuisance species. C1 [Bouska, Wesley W.; Garvey, James E.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Dept Zool, 1125 Lincoln Dr,173 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Glover, David C.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, 221 Res Ctr,1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Bouska, Kristen L.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Bouska, Wesley W.] La Crosse Serv Ctr, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 3550 Mormon Coulee Rd, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Bouska, WW (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Dept Zool, 1125 Lincoln Dr,173 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.; Bouska, WW (reprint author), La Crosse Serv Ctr, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 3550 Mormon Coulee Rd, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM wbouska@hotmail.com FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources FX We would like to thank A. Asher, M. Brey, J. Hillis, K. Hofer, A. Kern, B. Mulligan, A. Porrecca, J. Rosenquist, B. Szynkowski, E. Tristano, L. Yohe, and S. Youngs for their assistance in the field. This research was funded by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1240122 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700011 ER PT J AU Eberts, RL Wissel, B Simpson, GL Crawford, SS Stott, W Hanner, RH Manzon, RG Wilson, JY Boreham, DR Somers, CM AF Eberts, Rebecca L. Wissel, Bjorn Simpson, Gavin L. Crawford, Stephen S. Stott, Wendylee Hanner, Robert H. Manzon, Richard G. Wilson, Joanna Y. Boreham, Douglas R. Somers, Christopher M. TI Isotopic Structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron: Evidence for Regional and Local Populations Based on Resource Use SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; GREAT-LAKES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM CHANGE; NICHE; FISH; RATIOS; CARBON; DELTA-N-15 AB Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis is the most commercially valuable species in Lake Huron. The fishery for this species has historically been managed based on 25 management units (17 in Canada, 8 in the USA). However, congruence between the contemporary population structure of LakeWhitefish and management units is poorly understood. We used stable isotopes of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15), food web markers that reflect patterns in resource use (i.e., prey, location, habitat), to assess the population structure of spawning-phase Lake Whitefish collected from 32 sites (1,474 fish) across Lake Huron. We found large isotopic variation among fish from different sites (ranges: delta C-13 = 10.2 parts per thousand, delta N-15 = 5.5 parts per thousand) and variable niche size and levels of overlap (standard ellipse area = 1.0-4.3 parts per thousand(2)). Lake Huron contained spawning-phase fish from four major isotopic clusters largely defined by extensive variation in delta C-13, and the isotopic composition of fish sampled was spatially structured both within and between lake basins. Based on cluster compositions, we identified six putative regional groups, some of which represented sites of high diversity (three to four clusters) and others with less (one to two clusters). Analysis of isotopic values from Lake Whitefish collected from summer feeding locations and baseline prey items showed similar isotopic variation and established spatial linkage between spawning-phase and summer fish. Our results show that summer feeding location contributes strongly to the isotopic structure we observed in spawning-phase fish. One of the regional groups we identified in northern Georgian Bay is highly distinct based on isotopic composition and possibly ecologically unique within Lake Huron. Our findings are congruent with several previous studies using different markers (genetics, mark-recapture), and we conclude that current management units are generally too small and numerous to reflect the population structure of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron. C1 [Eberts, Rebecca L.; Manzon, Richard G.; Somers, Christopher M.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Wissel, Bjorn; Simpson, Gavin L.] Univ Regina, Inst Environm Change & Soc, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Crawford, Stephen S.; Hanner, Robert H.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Stott, Wendylee] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wilson, Joanna Y.] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Boreham, Douglas R.] Northern Ontario Sch Med, Med Sci, Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. RP Somers, CM (reprint author), Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. EM chris.somers@uregina.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bruce Power; Saugeen Ojibway Nation; University of Regina; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs program; Institute of Environmental Change and Society at the University of Regina FX Funding and support for this project was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Bruce Power, the Saugeen Ojibway Nation, the University of Regina, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Canada Research Chairs program. The Institute of Environmental Change and Society at the University of Regina provided in-kind support. We thank U. Goncin, A. Walker, L. Overdyk, G. Burke, D. Swainson, R. Lauzon, and H. Thompson for technical support. We acknowledge the various fishermen who provided samples for this project and C. Davis, L. Brunet, C. Fietsch, and J. Thompson for help with sample collection and coordination. Lastly, we would like to thank the Associate Editor, two anonymous reviewers, M. Guzzo, and E. Roseman for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This is contribution number 2073 of the Great Lakes Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1245225 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700014 ER PT J AU DeWeber, JT Peterson, JT Sharpe, C Kent, ML Colvin, ME Schreck, CB AF DeWeber, J. Tyrell Peterson, James T. Sharpe, Cameron Kent, Michael L. Colvin, Michael E. Schreck, Carl B. TI A Hidden-Process Model for Estimating Prespawn Mortality Using Carcass Survey Data SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; PREMATURE MORTALITY; MIGRATION MORTALITY; KISUTCH CARCASSES; WILLAMETTE RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB After returning to spawning areas, adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. often die without spawning successfully, which is commonly referred to as prespawn mortality. Prespawn mortality reduces reproductive success and can thereby hamper conservation, restoration, and reintroduction efforts. The primary source of information used to estimate prespawn mortality is collected through carcass surveys, but estimation can be difficult with these data due to imperfect detection and carcasses with unknown spawning status. To facilitate unbiased estimation of prespawn mortality and associated uncertainty, we developed a hidden-process mark-recovery model to estimate prespawn mortality rates from carcass survey data while accounting for imperfect detection and unknown spawning success. We then used the model to estimate prespawn mortality and identify potential associated factors for 3,352 adult spring Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha that were transported above Foster Dam on the South Santiam River (Willamette River basin, Oregon) from 2009 to 2013. Estimated prespawn mortality was relatively low (<= 13%) in most years (interannual mean = 28%) but was especially high (74%) in 2013. Variation in prespawn mortality estimates among outplanted groups of fish within each year was also very high, and some of this variation was explained by a trend toward lower prespawn mortality among fish that were outplanted later in the year. Numerous efforts are being made to monitor and, when possible, minimize prespawn mortality in salmon populations; this model can be used to provide unbiased estimates of spawning success that account for unknown fate and imperfect detection, which are common to carcass survey data. C1 [DeWeber, J. Tyrell; Colvin, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, James T.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sharpe, Cameron] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP DeWeber, JT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jtdeweber@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX Staff of the ODFW collected and provided access to out-planting, transport mortality, and spawning survey data. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ODFW, Oregon State University, and Wildlife Management Institute. We thank Marc Johnson, two anonymous reviewers, and the editorial staff for helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1245223 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700016 ER PT J AU Boyer, JK Guy, CS Webb, MAH Horton, TB McMahon, TE AF Boyer, Jan K. Guy, Christopher S. Webb, Molly A. H. Horton, Travis B. McMahon, Thomas E. TI Gear Comparison for Sampling Age-0 Mountain Whitefish in the Madison River, Montana SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROSOPIUM-WILLIAMSONI; FISH; ABUNDANCE; IDAHO; SEINE AB The efficacy of various sampling gears for age-0 Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni is largely unknown, which makes it difficult to investigate recruitment and early life history dynamics for the species. We compared four gears: seine, backpack electrofisher, minnow trap, and lighted minnow trap. Gears were tested in backwaters, large channels, and small channels in the Madison River, Montana. No age-0 Mountain Whitefish were captured in minnow traps or lighted minnow traps. Mean CPUE of age-0 Mountain Whitefish was higher for seining (0.18 fish/m(2); SD, 0.39) than for electrofishing (0.01 fish/m(2); SD, 0.03), and the CV was lower for seining. A broader length distribution was sampled by seining (17-41 mm) than with electrofishing (21-36 mm). Age-0 Mountain Whitefish CPUE in seines was highest in backwaters. In channel sites, Mountain Whitefish presence was associated with areas of still or slow water >= 2 m(2). Relative to the other sampling gears we evaluated, seining was the most efficient gear for sampling age-0 Mountain Whitefish in a lotic ecosystem. C1 [Boyer, Jan K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Horton, Travis B.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1400 South 19th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Fish & Wildlife Ecol & Management Program, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Boyer, JK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jkboyer@gmail.com FU Madison River Foundation; Cross Charitable Foundation; NorthWestern Energy; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Montana State University [2012-00] FX We thank Patrick Luckenbill for assistance with field work. Pat Clancey, Travis Lohrenz, and Kevin Hughes of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks provided advice on study design and assisted with field logistics. Richard Lessner and Dave Bricker at the Madison River Foundation helped to secure funding. The Channels Ranch provided river access. Funding was provided by the Madison River Foundation, Cross Charitable Foundation, PPL Montana (now NorthWestern Energy), and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University institutional animal care and use protocol 2012-00. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1254128 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700018 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, R Brewer, SK AF Mollenhauer, Robert Brewer, Shannon K. TI Multinomial N-Mixture Models Improve the Applicability of Electrofishing for Developing Population Estimates of Stream-Dwelling Smallmouth Bass SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARK-RECAPTURE; COLORADO RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; WARMWATER STREAMS; GRAND-CANYON; FISH; ABUNDANCE; TROUT; SIZE; PROBABILITY AB Failure to account for variable detection across survey conditions constrains progressive streamecology and can lead to erroneous stream fish management and conservation decisions. In addition to variable detection's confounding long-term stream fish population trends, reliable abundance estimates across a wide range of survey conditions are fundamental to establishing species-environment relationships. Despite major advancements in accounting for variable detection when surveying animal populations, these approaches remain largely ignored by stream fish scientists, and CPUE remains the most common metric used by researchers and managers. One notable advancement for addressing the challenges of variable detection is the multinomial N-mixture model. Multinomial N-mixture models use a flexible hierarchical framework to model the detection process across sites as a function of covariates; they also accommodate common fisheries survey methods, such as removal and capture-recapture. Effective monitoring of stream-dwelling Smallmouth BassMicropterus dolomieu populations has long been challenging; therefore, our objective was to examine the use of multinomial N-mixture models to improve the applicability of electrofishing for estimating absolute abundance. We sampled Smallmouth Bass populations by using tow-barge electrofishing across a range of environmental conditions in streams of the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. Using an information-theoretic approach, we identified effort, water clarity, wetted channel width, and water depth as covariates that were related to variable Smallmouth Bass electrofishing detection. Smallmouth Bass abundance estimates derived from our top model consistently agreed with baseline estimates obtained via snorkel surveys. Additionally, confidence intervals from the multinomial N-mixture models were consistently more precise than those of unbiased Petersen capture-recapture estimates due to the dependency among data sets in the hierarchical framework. We demonstrate the application of this contemporary population estimation method to address a longstanding stream fish management issue. We also detail the advantages and trade-offs of hierarchical population estimation methods relative to CPUE and estimation methods that model each site separately. C1 [Mollenhauer, Robert] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu FU ODWC [F13AF00192]; Oklahoma State University's Animal Care and Use Committee [AG-14-9] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, ODWC, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Funding was provided by the ODWC (F13AF00192). This research was conducted under the auspices of Oklahoma State University's Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol AG-14-9). We thank Trevor Mattera, Jake Holliday, Emily Gardner, Steven Maichak, Josh Mouser, Becky Long, and ODWC biologists for technical assistance. We also thank the Ozark Plateau National Wildlife Refuge for providing lodging during some of our sampling events. Special thanks to Doug Novinger, Dan Gwinn, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1254127 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700021 ER PT J AU Allard, DJ Whitesel, TA Lohr, SC Koski, ML AF Allard, Donna J. Whitesel, Timothy A. Lohr, Samuel C. Koski, Marci L. TI Western Pearlshell Mussel Life History in Merrill Creek, Oregon: Reproductive Timing, Growth, and Movement SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE western pearlshell mussels; Margaritifera falcata; reproduction; growth; movement ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; L PELECYPODA-MARGARITANIDAE; MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; SALMONID FISHES; AGE STRUCTURE; UNIONIDAE; POPULATIONS; INFECTION AB Most freshwater mussel species in North America are imperiled. Life history traits of many species have been documented but information regarding western pearlshell mussels (Margaritifera falcata Gould) is scarce. Our goal was to improve understanding of western pearlshell mussel reproduction, growth, and movement. The study area was a 250 m reach in Merrill Creek, Oregon. We examined 1389 mussels for gravidity and examined water samples for glochidia during presumed spawning times over a 4-year period. We tagged 415 mussels for mark-recapture observations for growth and movement. No mussels showed signs of gravidity. However, four mussels near our study transects were observed releasing conglutinates. Glochidia were present from April to mid-June. Glochidia were not detected until maximum daily water temperature had reached 10.0 degrees C, and were no longer detected once minimum daily water temperature remained above 9.0 degrees C. There was a negative relation between growth rate and mussel size. Growth rate was not significantly different than 0.0000 mm d(-1) for large mussels and 0.0011 mm d(-1) for small mussels. For movement, 60% (n = 15) of mussels were recaptured at the same transect as originally marked, 32% (n = 8) were recaptured 3.7-115.6 m downstream and 8% (n = 2) were recaptured 12.0 m upstream. This basic life history information is essential to consider when developing management plans associated with the conservation of western pearlshell mussels and their habitat. Our results indicate they are slow-growing, slow-moving, long-lived, and thus likely slow to adapt to environmental change and respond to habitat perturbations. C1 [Allard, Donna J.; Whitesel, Timothy A.; Lohr, Samuel C.; Koski, Marci L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Lohr, SC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM Sam_Lohr@fws.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2SB UT WOS:000395164800002 ER PT J AU Ellis, GS Said-Ahmad, W Lillis, PG Shawar, L Amrani, A AF Ellis, Geoffrey S. Said-Ahmad, Ward Lillis, Paul G. Shawar, Lubna Amrani, Alon TI Effects of thermal maturation and thermochemical sulfate reduction on compound-specific sulfur isotopic compositions of organosulfur compounds in Phosphoria oils from the Bighorn Basin, USA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Compound-specific sulfur isotopes; Thermochemical sulfate reduction; Thermal maturity; Oil cracking; Bighorn Basin ID BIG HORN BASIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; PETROLEUM FORMATION; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; PALEOZOIC OILS; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE ROCKS; CRUDE OILS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MATURITY INDICATORS AB Compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis was applied to a suite of 18 crude oils generated from the Permian Phosphoria Formation in the Bighorn Basin, western USA. These oils were generated at various levels of thermal maturity and some experienced thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). This is the first study to examine the effects of thermal maturation on stable sulfur isotopic compositions of individual organosulfur compounds (OSCs) in crude oil. A general trend of S-34 enrichment in all of the studied compounds with increasing thermal maturity was observed, with the delta S-34 values of alkyl-benzothiophenes (BTs) tending to be enriched in S-34 relative to those of the alkyl-dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) in lower-maturity oils. As thermal maturity increases, delta S-34 values of both BTs and DBTs become progressively heavier, but the difference in the average delta S-34 value of the BTs and DBTs (Delta S-34 BT-DBT) decreases. Differences in the isotopic response to thermal stress exhibited by these two compound classes are considered to be the result of relative differences in their thermal stabilities. TSR-altered Bighorn Basin oils have OSCs that are generally enriched in S-34 relative to non-TSR-altered oils, with the BTs being enriched in S-34 relative to the DBTs, similar to the findings of previous studies. However, several oils that were previously interpreted to have been exposed to minor TSR have Delta S-34 BT-DBT values that do not support this interpretation. The delta S-34 values of the BTs and DBTs in some of these oils suggest that they did not experience TSR, but were derived from a more thermally mature source. The heaviest delta S-34 values observed in the OSCs are enriched in S-34 by up to 10% relative to that of Permian anhydrite in the Bighorn Basin, suggesting that there may be an alternate or additional source of sulfate in some parts of the basin. These results indicate that the sulfur isotopic composition of OSCs in oil provides a sensitive indicator for the extent of TSR, which cannot be determined from other bulk geochemical parameters. Moreover, when combined with additional geochemical and geologic evidence, the sulfur isotopic composition of OSCs in oils can help to identify the source of sulfate for TSR alteration in petroleum reservoirs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ellis, Geoffrey S.; Lillis, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Said-Ahmad, Ward; Shawar, Lubna; Amrani, Alon] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Amrani, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM alon.amrani@mail.huji.ac.il FU Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) [1269/12]; Ministry of Infrastructure of Israel FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Energy Resources Program, organic geochemistry laboratory personnel, Zach Lowry, Augusta Warden, Tammy Hanna, and Mark Drier for providing biomarker and bulk oil geochemical analyses. Alon Amrani thanks the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) grant number 1269/12 for partial support of this study. Lubna Shawar thanks the Ministry of Infrastructure of Israel for PhD study grant. We appreciate the detailed comments and suggestions by Mike Lewan, Richard Worden, Ken Peters and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of this paper that significantly improved it. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 103 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.10.004 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO2JA UT WOS:000396521400006 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Campbell, S Nolan, J Walvoord, MA Ntarlagiannis, D Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Campbell, Seth Nolan, Jay Walvoord, Michelle A. Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Lane, John W. TI Surface Geophysical Methods for Characterising Frozen Ground in Transitional Permafrost Landscapes SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; electrical resistivity; geophysics; ground penetrating radar; thermal infrared; permafrost aggradation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA; PENETRATING RADAR; INTERIOR ALASKA; YUKON RIVER; LAKE; USA; RESILIENCE; RESOLUTION AB The distribution of shallow frozen ground is paramount to research in cold regions, and is subject to temporal and spatial changes influenced by climate, landscape disturbance and ecosystem succession. Remote sensing from airborne and satellite platforms is increasing our understanding of landscape-scale permafrost distribution, but typically lacks the resolution to characterise finer-scale processes and phenomena, which are better captured by integrated surface geophysical methods. Here, we demonstrate the use of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), electromagnetic induction (EMI), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and infrared imaging over multiple summer field seasons around the highly dynamic Twelvemile Lake, Yukon Flats, central Alaska, USA. Twelvemile Lake has generally receded in the past 30yr, allowing permafrost aggradation in the receded margins, resulting in a mosaic of transient frozen ground adjacent to thick, older permafrost outside the original lakebed. ERI and EMI best evaluated the thickness of shallow, thin permafrost aggradation, which was not clear from frost probing or GPR surveys. GPR most precisely estimated the depth of the active layer, which forward electrical resistivity modelling indicated to be a difficult target for electrical methods, but could be more tractable in time-lapse mode. Infrared imaging of freshly dug soil pit walls captured active-layer thermal gradients at unprecedented resolution, which may be useful in calibrating emerging numerical models. GPR and EMI were able to cover landscape scales (several kilometres) efficiently, and new analysis software showcased here yields calibrated EMI data that reveal the complicated distribution of shallow permafrost in a transitional landscape. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Campbell, Seth] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Nolan, Jay; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mbriggs@usgs.gov FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2111]; USGS Office of Groundwater; USGS National Research Program; USGS Groundwater Resources Program FX We thank Stephanie Saari, Emily Voytek, Heather Best, Doug Halm and Eric White for assistance in the field and in the processing of data. The manuscript was improved through journal review and by thorough feedback from Josh Koch. Funding for this project was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (award RC-2111), with additional support from the USGS Office of Groundwater, the USGS National Research Program and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 EI 1099-1530 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JAN-MAR PY 2017 VL 28 IS 1 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1002/ppp.1893 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EL2DI UT WOS:000394429900005 ER PT J AU Riley, P Love, JJ AF Riley, Pete Love, Jeffrey J. TI Extreme geomagnetic storms: Probabilistic forecasts and their uncertainties SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; PLASMA SHEET; SOLAR; DISTRIBUTIONS; EVENT; LAW AB Extreme space weather events are low-frequency, high-risk phenomena. Estimating their rates of occurrence, as well as their associated uncertainties, is difficult. In this study, we derive statistical estimates and uncertainties for the occurrence rate of an extreme geomagnetic storm on the scale of the Carrington event (or worse) occurring within the next decade. We model the distribution of events as either a power law or lognormal distribution and use (1) Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic to estimate goodness of fit, (2) bootstrapping to quantify the uncertainty in the estimates, and (3) likelihood ratio tests to assess whether one distribution is preferred over another. Our best estimate for the probability of another extreme geomagnetic event comparable to the Carrington event occurring within the next 10 years is 10.3% 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.9,18.7] for a power law distribution but only 3.0% 95% CI [0.6,9.0] for a lognormal distribution. However, our results depend crucially on (1) how we define an extreme event, (2) the statistical model used to describe how the events are distributed in intensity, (3) the techniques used to infer the model parameters, and (4) the data and duration used for the analysis. We test a major assumption that the data represent time stationary processes and discuss the implications. If the current trends persist, suggesting that we are entering a period of lower activity, our forecasts may represent upper limits rather than best estimates. C1 [Riley, Pete] Predict Sci, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Riley, P (reprint author), Predict Sci, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM pete@predsci.com FU NSF's Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics (FESD); NASA's Living with a Star (LWS) program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF's Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics (FESD) and NASA's Living with a Star (LWS) program, under which this work was performed. The Dst index was obtained from the Kyoto World Data Center (https://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dstdir/). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1002/2016SW001470 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL4GT UT WOS:000394580400007 ER PT J AU Niswonger, R Naranjo, R Smith, D Constantz, J Allander, K Rosenberry, D Neilson, B Rosen, MR Stonestrom, D AF Niswonger, Richard Naranjo, Ramon Smith, David Constantz, Jim Allander, Kip Rosenberry, Donald Neilson, Bethany Rosen, Michael R. Stonestrom, David TI Nutrient processes at the stream-lake interface for a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SW-GW interactions; eutrophication; nutrients; benthic algae; groundwater residence time ID CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SURFACE-WATER; TAHOE BASIN; HYDROLOGIC EXCHANGE; GROUNDWATER AGE; NITROGEN-CYCLE; EUTROPHICATION; PHOSPHORUS; SEEPAGE AB Inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorous impact freshwater lakes by stimulating primary production and affecting water quality and ecosystem health. Communities around the world are motivated to sustain and restore freshwater resources and are interested in processes controlling nutrient inputs. We studied the environment where streams flow into lakes, referred to as the stream-lake interface (SLI), for a channelized and unmodified stream outlet. Channelization is done to protect infrastructure or recreational beach areas. We collected hydraulic and nutrient data for surface water and shallow groundwater in two SLIs to develop conceptual models that describe characteristics that are representative of these hydrologic features. Water, heat, and solute transport models were used to evaluate hydrologic conceptualizations and estimate mean residence times of water in the sediment. A nutrient mass balance model is developed to estimate net rates of adsorption and desorption, mineralization, and nitrification along subsurface flow paths. Results indicate that SLIs are dynamic sources of nutrients to lakes and that the common practice of channelizing the stream at the SLI decreases nutrient concentrations in pore water discharging along the lakeshore. This is in contrast to the unmodified SLI that forms a barrier beach that disconnects the stream from the lake and results in higher nutrient concentrations in pore water discharging to the lake. These results are significant because nutrient delivery through pore water seepage at the lakebed from the natural SLI contributes to nearshore algal communities and produces elevated concentrations of inorganic nutrients in the benthic zone where attached algae grow. C1 [Niswonger, Richard; Constantz, Jim; Stonestrom, David] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Naranjo, Ramon; Smith, David; Allander, Kip] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV USA. [Rosenberry, Donald] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Neilson, Bethany] Utah State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team, Carson City, NV USA. RP Niswonger, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rniswon@usgs.gov FU USGS National Research Program the Water Availability and Use Science Program; Utah Water Research Laboratory FX This work was jointly funded by the USGS National Research Program the Water Availability and Use Science Program, and the Utah Water Research Laboratory. Thanks to Hedeff Essaid, Martin Andersen, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. All data used in the analysis and to support our conclusions in this manuscript may be obtained from RGN (email:rniswon@usgs.gov). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 237 EP 256 DI 10.1002/2016WR019538 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EL9AJ UT WOS:000394911200014 ER PT J AU Shryock, DF Havrilla, CA DeFalco, LA Esque, TC Custer, NA Wood, TE AF Shryock, Daniel F. Havrilla, Caroline A. DeFalco, Lesley A. Esque, Todd C. Custer, Nathan A. Wood, Troy E. TI Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE drylands; ecological restoration; genome scan; landscape genetics; local adaptation; Mojave Desert; multivariate analysis; seed provenance strategy; seed transfer zones; spatial genetics ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; ENCELIA-FARINOSA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENOME-SCAN; CONCEPTUAL ISSUES; TREE POPULATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRADE-OFFS AB Restoring dryland ecosystems is a global challenge due to synergistic drivers of disturbance coupled with unpredictable environmental conditions. Dryland plant species have evolved complex life-history strategies to cope with fluctuating resources and climatic extremes. Although rarely quantified, local adaptation is likely widespread among these species and potentially influences restoration outcomes. The common practice of reintroducing propagules to restore dryland ecosystems, often across large spatial scales, compels evaluation of adaptive divergence within these species. Such evaluations are critical to understanding the consequences of large-scale manipulation of gene flow and to predicting success of restoration efforts. However, genetic information for species of interest can be difficult and expensive to obtain through traditional common garden experiments. Recent advances in landscape genetics offer marker-based approaches for identifying environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variability in non-model species, but tools are still needed to link these approaches with practical aspects of ecological restoration. Here, we combine spatially explicit landscape genetics models with flexible visualization tools to demonstrate how cost-effective evaluations of adaptive genetic divergence can facilitate implementation of different seed sourcing strategies in ecological restoration. We apply these methods to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers genotyped in two Mojave Desert shrub species of high restoration importance: the long-lived, wind-pollinated gymnosperm Ephedra nevadensis, and the short-lived, insect-pollinated angiosperm Sphaeralcea ambigua. Mean annual temperature was identified as an important driver of adaptive genetic divergence for both species. Ephedra showed stronger adaptive divergence with respect to precipitation variability, while temperature variability and precipitation averages explained a larger fraction of adaptive divergence in Sphaeralcea. We describe multivariate statistical approaches for interpolating spatial patterns of adaptive divergence while accounting for potential bias due to neutral genetic structure. Through a spatial bootstrapping procedure, we also visualize patterns in the magnitude of model uncertainty. Finally, we introduce an interactive, distance-based mapping approach that explicitly links marker-based models of adaptive divergence with local or admixture seed sourcing strategies, promoting effective native plant restoration. C1 [Shryock, Daniel F.; DeFalco, Lesley A.; Esque, Todd C.; Custer, Nathan A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Havrilla, Caroline A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wood, Troy E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Shryock, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM dshryock@usgs.gov OI Shryock, Daniel/0000-0003-0330-9815 FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management [BLM], Las Vegas Field Office, Nevada; BLM, California State Office; BLM, Arizona Strip Field Office, Arizona; National Park Service [NPS], Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument; BLM, Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program; U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystem Mission Area; United States Department of the Interior, BLM Native Plant Materials Program FX We thank F. Edwards (U.S. Bureau of Land Management [BLM], Las Vegas Field Office, Nevada), C. Lund (BLM, California State Office), K. Harcksen (BLM, Arizona Strip Field Office, Arizona), J. Fox (National Park Service [NPS], Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument), and A. Pilmanis (BLM, Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program) for funding support. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystem Mission Area, and the United States Department of the Interior, BLM Native Plant Materials Program. We thank Amy Vandergast for reviewing an earlier version of this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The experiments described here comply with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources where they were performed. NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PY 2017 VL 27 IS 2 BP 429 EP 445 DI 10.1002/eap.1447 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM9LY UT WOS:000395634300010 PM 28135767 ER PT J AU Clark, JA Loehman, RA Keane, RE AF Clark, Jason A. Loehman, Rachel A. Keane, Robert E. TI Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; fire regime; FireBGCv2; forest dynamics; landscape simulation model; lodgepole pine; Pinus contorta; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Yellowstone National Park ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; SEDIMENT-CHARCOAL RECORDS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FIRE REGIMES; TREE-RING; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; UNITED-STATES; MODEL AB We present landscape simulation results contrasting effects of changing climates on forest vegetation and fire regimes in Yellowstone National Park, USA, by mid-21st century. We simulated potential changes to fire dynamics and forest characteristics under three future climate projections representing a range of potential future conditions using the FireBGCv2 model. Under the future climate scenarios with moderate warming (>2 degrees C) and moderate increases in precipitation (3-5%), model simulations resulted in 1.2-4.2 times more burned area, decreases in forest cover (10-44%), and reductions in basal area (14-60%). In these same scenarios, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) decreased in basal area (18-41%), while Douglasfir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) basal area increased (21-58%). Conversely, mild warming (< 2 degrees C) coupled with greater increases in precipitation (12-13%) suggested an increase in forest cover and basal area by mid-century, with spruce and subalpine fir increasing in abundance. Overall, we found changes in forest tree species compositions were caused by the climate-mediated changes in fire regime (56-315% increase in annual area burned). Simulated changes in forest composition and fire regime under warming climates portray a landscape that shifts from lodgepole pine to Douglas-fir caused by the interaction between the magnitude and seasonality of future climate changes, by climate-induced changes in the frequency and intensity of wildfires, and by tree species response. C1 [Clark, Jason A.; Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Loehman, Rachel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Clark, Jason A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA.; Clark, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jclark2471@gmail.com FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Wyss Foundation; USFS RMRS Human Dimensions Program; Missoula Fire Sciences Lab; Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 09-3-01-17] FX We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Roy Renkin, Becky Smith, and Christie Hendrix, Yellowstone National Park; Allissa Corrow, Signe Leirfallom, Sarah Flanary, Nick Crookston, and Matt Jolly, USFS Fire Sciences Lab; and Oswald Schmitz, Mark S. Ashton, and Elaine Hooper, the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Improvements to the manuscript were suggested by Monica Turner, Greg Dillon, Katie Guffin, and unnamed reviewers. Support for this project was provided by the Wyss Foundation, USFS RMRS Human Dimensions Program and Missoula Fire Sciences Lab, and the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 09-3-01-17. REK and RAL designed the study. JAC conducted fieldwork, developed the simulation landscape, and ran and analyzed the simulations. JAC, RAL, and REK wrote the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01636 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1636 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO2KV UT WOS:000396526300003 ER PT J AU McKinney, MA Atwood, TC Iverson, SJ Peacock, E AF McKinney, Melissa A. Atwood, Todd C. Iverson, Sara J. Peacock, Elizabeth TI Temporal complexity of southern Beaufort Sea polar bear diets during a period of increasing land use SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Arctic oscillation; Balaena mysticetus; Beaufort Sea; body condition; climate change; diet; polar bear; quantitative fatty acid signature analysis; scavenging; sea ice; Ursus maritimus ID ARCTIC MARINE PREDATOR; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; RINGED SEALS; ICE DECLINE; POPULATION ECOLOGY; FATTY-ACIDS; CLIMATE; BEHAVIOR; OSCILLATION AB From 2000 to 2013, use of land as a seasonal habitat by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation substantially increased. This onshore use has been linked to reduced spatial and temporal availability of sea ice, as well as to the availability of subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) bone piles. Here, we evaluated the role of climate conditions on consumption of traditional ice-associated prey relative to onshore bowhead whale bone piles. We determined seasonal and interannual trends in the diets of SB polar bears using fatty acid-based analysis during this period of increasing land use. Diet estimates of 569 SB polar bears from 2004 to 2012 showed high seasonal fluctuations in the proportions of prey consumed. Higher proportions of bowhead whale, as well as ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), were estimated to occur in the winter-spring diet, while higher proportions of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) were estimated for summer-fall diets. Trends in the annual mean proportions of individual prey items were not found in either period, except for significant declines in the proportion of beluga in spring-sampled bears. Nonetheless, in years following a high winter Arctic oscillation index, proportions of ice-associated ringed seal were lower in the winter-spring diets of adult females and juveniles. Proportions of bowhead increased in the winter-spring diets of adult males with the number of ice-free days over the continental shelf. In one or both seasons, polar bears that were in better condition were estimated to have consumed less ringed seal and/or more bowhead whale than those in worse condition. Therefore, climate variation over this recent period appeared to influence the extent of onshore vs. on-ice food use, which in turn, appeared to be linked to fluctuating condition of SB polar bears. C1 [McKinney, Melissa A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [McKinney, Melissa A.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Atwood, Todd C.; Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP McKinney, MA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.; McKinney, MA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM melissa.mckinney@uconn.edu FU USGS's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Bureau of Land Management; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada; Banting Fellows Program FX Support came from the USGS's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, with funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Further funds and in-kind support were from the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Thanks to Karyn Rode, George Durner, Anthony Pagano, Kristin Simac, Tyrone Donnelly, Chad Jay, Jeff Bromaghin, and Karen Oakley (US Geological Survey) for field logistics, sample collection, input into study design, and results interpretation. Thanks to Jeff Bromaghin for comments on earlier version of this manuscript; Sarah Al-Shaghay, Mizuho Namba, Laurie Starr, and Shelley Lang (Dalhousie University) for laboratory assistance; Rebecca Pugh and John Kucklick (NIST) for the SRM; and Sue Budge (Dalhousie University) and Greg Thicmann (York University) for prey fatty acid data. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada and Banting Fellows Program gave further funding (M.A.M.) and laboratory support from Discovery and Equipment Grants (S.J.I.). The research was approved under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act with USFWS permit #N1A690038. Capture protocols were approved by the USGS Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade firm, or product names, is for descriptive purposes only and does not reflect endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01633 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1633 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO2KV UT WOS:000396526300011 ER PT J AU Morin, DJ Fuller, AK Royle, JA Sutherland, C AF Morin, Dana J. Fuller, Angela K. Royle, J. Andrew Sutherland, Chris TI Model-based estimators of density and connectivity to inform conservation of spatially structured populations SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE abundance; conservation planning; density-weighted connectivity; landscape connectivity; landscape design; landscape resistance; potential connectivity; spatial capture-recapture; spatially structured populations ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; SPECIES CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; CHANGING WORLD; HABITAT; DISPERSAL; RESISTANCE; FRAMEWORK AB Conservation and management of spatially structured populations is challenging because solutions must consider where individuals are located, but also differential individual space use as a result of landscape heterogeneity. A recent extension of spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models, the ecological distance model, uses spatial encounter histories of individuals (e.g., a record of where individuals are detected across space, often sequenced over multiple sampling occasions), to estimate the relationship between space use and characteristics of a landscape, allowing simultaneous estimation of both local densities of individuals across space and connectivity at the scale of individual movement. We developed two model-based estimators derived from the SCR ecological distance model to quantify connectivity over a continuous surface: (1) potential connectivity-a metric of the connectivity of areas based on resistance to individual movement; and (2) density-weighted connectivity (DWC)-potential connectivity weighted by estimated density. Estimates of potential connectivity and DWC can provide spatial representations of areas that are most important for the conservation of threatened species, or management of abundant populations (i.e., areas with high density and landscape connectivity), and thus generate predictions that have great potential to inform conservation and management actions. We used a simulation study with a stationary trap design across a range of landscape resistance scenarios to evaluate how well our model estimates resistance, potential connectivity, and DWC. Correlation between true and estimated potential connectivity was high, and there was positive correlation and high spatial accuracy between estimated DWC and true DWC. We applied our approach to data collected from a population of black bears in New York, and found that forested areas represented low levels of resistance for black bears. We demonstrate that formal inference about measures of landscape connectivity can be achieved from standard methods of studying animal populations which yield individual encounter history data such as camera trapping. Resulting biological parameters including resistance, potential connectivity, and DWC estimate the spatial distribution and connectivity of the population within a statistical framework, and we outline applications to many possible conservation and management problems. C1 [Morin, Dana J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12000 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Sutherland, Chris] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 118 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Morin, DJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM djm466@cornell.edu FU Cornell University's David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF); New York State Department of Environmental Conservation FX We thank Carla Comes, Bistra Dilkina, Ycxiang Xue, Amrita Gupta, Dan Linden, and Catherine Sun for conversations contributing to the development of this manuscript. We thank Catherine Sun for use of black bear data to demonstrate our method. We thank Tabitha Graves and three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft. This work was supported by Cornell University's David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF), and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01623 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1623 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO2KV UT WOS:000396526300012 ER PT J AU Whitney, JE Whittier, JB Paukert, CP AF Whitney, James E. Whittier, Joanna B. Paukert, Craig P. TI Environmental niche models for riverine desert fishes and their similarity according to phylogeny and functionality SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE competitive exclusion; environmental filtering; functional niche; nonnative; phylogenetic attraction; phylogenetic repulsion; phylogenetic signal; stream fish ID ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; EXTINCTION RISK; LIFE-HISTORY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LIMITING SIMILARITY; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; THERMAL TOLERANCE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; HABITAT MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Environmental filtering and competitive exclusion are hypotheses frequently invoked in explaining species' environmental niches (i.e., geographic distributions). A key assumption in both hypotheses is that the functional niche (i.e., species traits) governs the environmental niche, but few studies have rigorously evaluated this assumption. Furthermore, phylogeny could be associated with these hypotheses if it is predictive of functional niche similarity via phylogenetic signal or convergent evolution, or of environmental niche similarity through phylogenetic attraction or repulsion. The objectives of this study were to investigate relationships between environmental niches, functional niches, and phylogenies of fishes of the Upper (UCRB) and Lower (LCRB) Colorado River Basins of southwestern North America. We predicted that functionally similar species would have similar environmental niches (i.e., environmental filtering) and that closely related species would be functionally similar (i.e., phylogenetic signal) and possess similar environmental niches (i.e., phylogenetic attraction). Environmental niches were quantified using environmental niche modeling, and functional similarity was determined using functional trait data. Nonnatives in the UCRB provided the only support for environmental filtering, which resulted from several warmwater nonnatives having dam number as a common predictor of their distributions, whereas several cool-and coldwater nonnatives shared mean annual air temperature as an important distributional predictor. Phylogenetic signal was supported for both natives and nonnatives in both basins. Lastly, phylogenetic attraction was only supported for native fishes in the LCRB and for nonnative fishes in the UCRB. Our results indicated that functional similarity was heavily influenced by evolutionary history, but that phylogenetic relationships and functional traits may not always predict the environmental distribution of species. However, the similarity of environmental niches among warmwater centrarchids, ictalurids, fundulids, and poeciliids in the UCRB indicated that dam removals could influence the distribution of these nonnatives simultaneously, thus providing greater conservation benefits. However, this same management strategy would have more limited effects on nonnative salmonids, catostomids, and percids with colder temperature preferences, thus necessitating other management strategies to control these species. C1 [Whitney, James E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Whittier, Joanna B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Whitney, James E.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, 223 Heckert Wells Hall, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Whitney, JE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.; Whitney, JE (reprint author), Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, 223 Heckert Wells Hall, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. EM jewhitney@pittstate.edu FU US Geological Survey; National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program; National Climate Change and Wildlife Sciences Center; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the US Geological Survey, National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program, the National Climate Change and Wildlife Sciences Center, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for funding provided to complete this project. This project in part was completed to support the goals and objectives of the Western Native Trout Initiative and the Desert Fish Habitat Partnership under the National Fish Habitat Partnership. Previous versions of this manuscript benefitted from insightful comments by Dan Dauwalter of Trout Unlimited, Scott Bonar of the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries Sciences Journal Club, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government, the US Geological Survey, or other sponsoring or participating agencies. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01658 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1658 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO2KV UT WOS:000396526300017 ER PT J AU Zeigler, SL Catlin, DH Brown, MB Fraser, JD Dinan, LR Hunt, KL Jorgensen, JG Karpanty, SM AF Zeigler, Sara L. Catlin, Daniel H. Brown, Mary Bomberger Fraser, James D. Dinan, Lauren R. Hunt, Kelsi L. Jorgensen, Joel G. Karpanty, Sarah M. TI Effects of climate change and anthropogenic modification on a disturbance-dependent species in a large riverine system SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; early-successional; endangered species conservation; floods; global change; land-use change; piping plovers; population viability analysis; succession; Vortex ID DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; MISSOURI RIVER; PIPING PLOVER; METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; WATER-RESOURCES; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; CONNECTIVITY; EXTINCTION AB Humans have altered nearly every natural disturbance regime on the planet through climate and land-use change, and in many instances, these processes may have interacting effects. For example, projected shifts in temperature and precipitation will likely influence disturbance regimes already affected by anthropogenic fire suppression or river impoundments. Understanding how disturbance-dependent species respond to complex and interacting environmental changes is important for conservation efforts. Using field-based demographic and movement rates, we conducted a metapopulation viability analysis for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), a threatened disturbance-dependent species, along the Missouri and Platte rivers in the Great Plains of North America. Our aim was to better understand current and projected future metapopulation dynamics given that natural disturbances (flooding or high-flow events) have been greatly reduced by river impoundments and that climate change could further alter the disturbance regime. Although metapopulation abundance has been substantially reduced under the current suppressed disturbance regime (high-flow return interval similar to 20 yr), it could grow if the frequency of high-flow events increases as predicted under likely climate change scenarios. We found that a four-year return interval would maximize metapopulation abundance, and all subpopulations in the metapopulation would act as sources at a return interval of 15 yr or less. Regardless of disturbance frequency, the presence of even a small, stable source subpopulation buffered the metapopulation and sustained a low metapopulation extinction risk. Therefore, climate change could have positive effects in ecosystems where disturbances have been anthropogenically suppressed when climatic shifts move disturbance regimes toward more historical patterns. Furthermore, stable source populations, even if unintentionally maintained through anthropogenic activities, may be critical for the persistence of metapopulations of early-successional species under both suppressed disturbance regimes and disturbance regimes where climate change has further altered disturbance frequency or scope. C1 [Zeigler, Sara L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Catlin, Daniel H.; Fraser, James D.; Hunt, Kelsi L.; Karpanty, Sarah M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 310 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Brown, Mary Bomberger] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dinan, Lauren R.; Jorgensen, Joel G.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Nongame Bird Program, 200 North 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Zeigler, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM szeigler@usgs.gov FU Nebraska Environmental Trust; Nebraska State Wildlife Grant Program; Nebraska Wildlife Conservation Fund; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USFWS North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Virginia Tech FX Funding was provided by the Nebraska Environmental Trust, the Nebraska State Wildlife Grant Program, the Nebraska Wildlife Conservation Fund, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the USFWS North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and Virginia Tech. We thank C. Aron, K. Brennan, R. Cobb, K. Crane, E. Dowd-Stukel, C. Huber, K. Kreil, C. Kruse, G. Pavelka, G. Wagner, W. Werkmeister, S. Wilson, L. Yager, and cooperators from the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and the Missouri River Institute for support throughout the project. We would like to thank sand and gravel mining companies and lakeshore housing development communities for access to property. We acknowledge the tireless efforts of our many technicians from 2005 to 2013. We also thank five anonymous reviewers, T. Simmons, and C. McGowan (USGS) for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permits 877 and 14-003, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Threatened and Endangered Species Permits TE070027-0 and TE103272-3. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01653 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1653 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO2KV UT WOS:000396526300028 ER PT J AU Lauritsen, AM Dixon, PM Cacela, D Brost, B Hardy, R MacPherson, SL Meylan, A Wallace, BP Witherington, B AF Lauritsen, Ann Marie Dixon, Philip M. Cacela, Dave Brost, Beth Hardy, Robert MacPherson, Sandra L. Meylan, Anne Wallace, Bryan P. Witherington, Blair TI Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta nest densities in northwest Florida SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Natural Resource Damage Assessment; Oil spill injury; Sea turtle nesting ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION; ROOKERIES AB The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill and associated response activities overlapped with habitats for multiple life stages of federally protected sea turtles in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Although most assessment efforts focused on documenting the presence, abundance, and exposure of sea turtles to DWH oil in marine habitats, oil also washed ashore on sand beaches used by nesting turtles, specifically in NW Florida and Alabama, USA. In addition, extensive and highly mechanized beach cleanup efforts were conducted in NW Florida as well as Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Thus, the DWH oil spill negatively affected sea turtle nesting directly (e.g. adverse effects of oil exposure) and indirectly (e.g. beach cleanup activities deterring nesting) in several ways. In this study, we used a before-after, control-impact statistical modeling approach to examine long-term (1997-2012) historical records of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nest densities in 2 segments of the Florida Gulf coastline, one that was heavily affected by the oil spill (NW Florida) and one that was relatively unaffected (SW Florida). Loggerhead nest densities on NW Florida beaches in 2010 were reduced by 43.7% (95% confidence interval: 10-65%) relative to expected nesting rates in the absence of DWH oil and cleanup efforts. When we applied this reduction to all nesting habitat in NW Florida, this equated to a loss of approximately 251 unrealized nests from the 2010 nesting season-a loss we attribute to direct (e.g. mortality) and indirect (e.g. deterrence of nesting) effects related to the DWH incident. C1 [Lauritsen, Ann Marie; MacPherson, Sandra L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Dixon, Philip M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cacela, Dave; Wallace, Bryan P.] ABT Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Brost, Beth; Hardy, Robert; Meylan, Anne] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Witherington, Blair] Disneys Animals & Environm, Disneys Sci & Environm, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. RP Lauritsen, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. EM AnnMarie_Lauritsen@fws.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.3354/esr00794 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200007 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS AF Cornman, Robert S. TI Available Genetic Data Do Not Support Adaptation of Tobacco Ringspot Virus to an Arthropod Host SO MBIO LA English DT Letter C1 [Cornman, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rcornman@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01875-16 DI 10.1128/mBio.01875-16 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EN2JE UT WOS:000395835000011 ER PT J AU Brandt, M Tappan, G Diouf, AA Beye, G Mbow, C Fensholt, R AF Brandt, Martin Tappan, Gray Diouf, Abdoul Aziz Beye, Gora Mbow, Cheikh Fensholt, Rasmus TI Woody Vegetation Die off and Regeneration in Response to Rainfall Variability in the West African Sahel SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Combretaceae; drought; environmental monitoring; Ferlo; high resolution imagery; resilience; Sahel; Senegal; shrub encroachment; tree mortality ID TIME-SERIES; SEASONAL METRICS; SENEGAL; DEGRADATION; PHENOLOGY; DRYLANDS; SAVANNA; TRENDS; NDVI AB The greening in the Senegalese Sahel has been linked to an increase in net primary productivity, with significant long-term trends being closely related to the woody strata. This study investigates woody plant growth and mortality within greening areas in the pastoral areas of Senegal, and how these dynamics are linked to species diversity, climate, soil and human management. We analyse woody cover dynamics by means of multi-temporal and multi-scale Earth Observation, satellite based rainfall and in situ data sets covering the period 1994 to 2015. We find that favourable conditions (forest reserves, low human population density, sufficient rainfall) led to a rapid growth of Combretaceae and Balanites aegyptiaca between 2000 and 2013 with an average increase of 4% woody cover. However, the increasing dominance and low drought resistance of drought prone species bears the risk of substantial woody cover losses following drought years. This was observed in 2014-2015, with a die off of Guiera senegalensis in most places of the study area. We show that woody cover and woody cover trends are closely related to mean annual rainfall, but no clear relationship with rainfall trends was found over the entire study period. The observed spatial and temporal variation contrasts with the simplified labels of greening or degradation. While in principal a low woody plant diversity negatively impacts regional resilience, the Sahelian system is showing signs of resilience at decadal time scales through widespread increases in woody cover and high regeneration rates after periodic droughts. We have reaffirmed that the woody cover in Sahel responds to its inherent climatic variability and does not follow a linear trend. C1 [Brandt, Martin; Fensholt, Rasmus] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Tappan, Gray] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat Syst, Data Ctr Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Diouf, Abdoul Aziz; Beye, Gora] Ctr Suivi Ecol, BP 15532, Dakar, Senegal. [Mbow, Cheikh] ICRAF World Agroforestry Ctr, Sci Domain 6, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. RP Brandt, M (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM mabr@ign.ku.dk; tappan@usgs.gov; dioufee@gmail.com; gora.beye@gmail.com; cmbow@start.org; rf@ign.ku.dk OI Brandt, Martin/0000-0001-9531-1239 FU European Union [656564] FX The project leading to this application has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 656564. Geoeye, Quickbird and Worldview 2 images were kindly provided by Compton J. Tucker (NextView License program). We thank Amadou Dieye and Abdoulaye Wele and everyone involved in collecting the ground data at the CSE, as well as Iben Bang Nielsen, Alioune Coume and all guides and drivers who helped us in the field. We thank Pierre Hiernaux for sharing his knowledge in photo/image interpretation etc., and for his support on developing the methodology. Finally, we thank Brianna Lind, South Dakota State University, and Gene Fosnight, U.S. Geological Survey for their very helpful comments. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 39 DI 10.3390/rs9010039 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EM7LN UT WOS:000395492600039 ER PT J AU McAlpin, DB Meyer, FJ Gong, WY Beget, JE Webley, PW AF McAlpin, David B. Meyer, Franz J. Gong, Wenyu Beget, James E. Webley, Peter W. TI Pyroclastic Flow Deposits and InSAR: Analysis of Long-Term Subsidence at Augustine Volcano, Alaska SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE InSAR; volcano; Augustine; pyroclastic flows; deposits; inversion ID MOUNT-ST-AUGUSTINE; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; LAVA FLOWS; MISSION; ALGORITHM; ERUPTION AB Deformation of pyroclastic flow deposits begins almost immediately after emplacement, and continues thereafter for months or years. This study analyzes the extent, volume, thickness, and variability in pyroclastic flow deposits (PFDs) on Augustine Volcano from measuring their deformation rates with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). To conduct this analysis, we obtained 48 SAR images of Augustine Volcano acquired between 1992 and 2010, spanning its most recent eruption in 2006. The data were processed using d-InSAR time-series analysis to measure the thickness of the Augustine PFDs, as well as their surface deformation behavior. Because much of the 2006 PFDs overlie those from the previous eruption in 1986, geophysical models were derived to decompose deformation contributions from the 1986 deposits underlying the measured 2006 deposits. To accomplish this, we introduce an inversion approach to estimate geophysical parameters for both 1986 and 2006 PFDs. Our analyses estimate the expanded volume of pyroclastic flow material deposited during the 2006 eruption to be 3.3 x 10(7) m(3) +/- 0.11 x 10(7) m(3), and that PFDs in the northeastern part of Augustine Island reached a maximum thickness of similar to 31 m with a mean of similar to 5 m. Similarly, we estimate the expanded volume of PFDs from the 1986 eruption at 4.6 x 10(7) m(3) +/- 0.62 x 10(7) m(3), with a maximum thickness of similar to 31 m, and a mean of similar to 7 m. C1 [McAlpin, David B.; Meyer, Franz J.; Beget, James E.; Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Meyer, Franz J.] Alaska Satellite Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gong, Wenyu] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Beget, James E.] Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McAlpin, DB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dbmcalpin@alaska.edu; fjmeyer@alaska.edu; gwenyu@ies.ac.cn; jebeget@alaska.edu; pwwebley@alaska.edu FU NASA grant [NNX12AQ38G] FX This study was funded in part by NASA grant ID: NNX12AQ38G. The authors wish to thank Cynthia Gardner of the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory for providing geochemical data on Augustine Volcano's 1986 eruptive products. ALOS-PALSAR data were provided by JAXA as ALOS high level products, JAXA, METI, ALOS-1, PALSAR L1.0 2007-2010. Datasets from ERS-1, ERS-2, RADARSAT-1, and ALOS-PALSAR were retrieved from the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) 2013-2015, and provided through the NASA Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) project. SRTM data were provided courtesy of the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The authors gratefully acknowledge the suggestions and comments of four anonymous reviewers that significantly improved the initial manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.3390/rs9010004 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EM7LN UT WOS:000395492600004 ER PT J AU Poortinga, A Bastiaanssen, W Simons, G Saah, D Senay, G Fenn, M Bean, B Kadyszewski, J AF Poortinga, Ate Bastiaanssen, Wim Simons, Gijs Saah, David Senay, Gabriel Fenn, Mark Bean, Brian Kadyszewski, John TI A Self-Calibrating Runoff and Streamflow Remote Sensing Model for Ungauged Basins Using Open-Access Earth Observation Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hydrological model; ungauged river basin; groundwater; surface flow; Vietnam; Ca basin; Red River basin ID LAND-USE DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; SPATIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ERS SCATTEROMETER; SATELLITE; RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION; PART; PRODUCTS AB Due to increasing pressures on water resources, there is a need to monitor regional water resource availability in a spatially and temporally explicit manner. However, for many parts of the world, there is insufficient data to quantify stream flow or ground water infiltration rates. We present the results of a pixel-based water balance formulation to partition rainfall into evapotranspiration, surface water runoff and potential ground water infiltration. The method leverages remote sensing derived estimates of precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, Leaf Area Index, and a single F coefficient to distinguish between runoff and storage changes. The study produced significant correlations between the remote sensing method and field based measurements of river flow in two Vietnamese river basins. For the Ca basin, we found R-2 values ranging from 0.88-0.97 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values varying between 0.44-0.88. The R-2 for the Red River varied between 0.87-0.93 and NSE values between 0.61 and 0.79. Based on these findings, we conclude that the method allows for a fast and cost-effective way to map water resource availability in basins with no gauges or monitoring infrastructure, without the need for application of sophisticated hydrological models or resource-intensive data. C1 [Poortinga, Ate; Fenn, Mark; Bean, Brian] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Vietnam Forests & Deltas Program, 98 To Ngoc Van, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam. [Poortinga, Ate; Saah, David] Spatial Informat Grp, 2529 Yolanda Ct, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Poortinga, Ate; Saah, David] SERVIR Mekong, SM Tower,24th Floor,979-69 Paholyothin Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Bastiaanssen, Wim; Simons, Gijs] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dept Water Management, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Bastiaanssen, Wim] UNESCO IHE, Westvest 7, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands. [Simons, Gijs] FutureWater, Costerweg 1V, NL-6702 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Saah, David] Univ San Francisco, Geospatial Anal Lab, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Senay, Gabriel] Colorado State Univ, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, USGS EROS Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kadyszewski, John] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, 2121 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Poortinga, A (reprint author), Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Vietnam Forests & Deltas Program, 98 To Ngoc Van, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam.; Poortinga, A (reprint author), Spatial Informat Grp, 2529 Yolanda Ct, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA.; Poortinga, A (reprint author), SERVIR Mekong, SM Tower,24th Floor,979-69 Paholyothin Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM ate.poortinga@winrock.org; wim.bastiaanssen@gmail.com; g.simons@futurewater.nl; dsaah@sig-gis.com; senay@usgs.gov; markfenn@hotmail.com; BBean@winrock.org; JKadyszewski@winrock.org NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 86 DI 10.3390/rs9010086 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EM7LN UT WOS:000395492600085 ER PT J AU Underwood, SJ Clynne, MA AF Underwood, Sandra J. Clynne, Michael A. TI Oxygen isotope geochemistry of mafic phenocrysts in primitive mafic lavas from the southernmost Cascade Range, California SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Southernmost Cascade Range; primitive mafic lavas; oxygen isotopes; phenocrysts; laser fluorination; slab-derived hydrous fluids; magma devolatilization ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; TRACE-ELEMENT; LASSEN REGION; GORDA PLATE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; CALC-ALKALINE; MT. SHASTA; MANTLE; ARC AB Previously reported whole-rock delta O-18 values (5.6-7.8 parts per thousand) for primitive quaternary mafic lavas from the southernmost Cascades (SMC) are often elevated (up to 1 parts per thousand) relative to delta O-18 values expected for mafic magmas in equilibrium with mantle peridotite. Olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase crystals were separated from 29 geochemically well-characterized mafic lavas for delta O-18 measurements by laser fluorination to assess modification of the mantle sources by ancient and modern subducted components. Oxygen isotope values of olivine phenocrysts in calc-alkaline lavas and contemporaneous high alumina olivine tholeiitic (HAOT) lavas generally exceed depleted mantle olivine values (similar to 4.9-5.3 parts per thousand). Modern addition of up to 6 wt% slab-derived fluid from Gorda serpentinized peridotite dehydration (similar to 15 parts per thousand) or chlorite dehydration (similar to 10 parts per thousand) within the serpentinized peridotite can provide the O-18 enrichment detected in olivine phenocrysts (delta O-18(olivine) = 5.3-6.3 parts per thousand) in calc-alkaline mafic lavas, and elevate O-18 in overlying mantle lithosphere, as well. Specifically, although HAOT delta O-18(olivine) values (5.5-5.7 parts per thousand) may reflect partial melting in heterogeneous O-18 enriched mantle source domains that developed during multiple subduction events associated with terrane accretion (e.g., <1 wt% of similar to 15 parts per thousand materials), an additional O-18 enrichment of up to 2 wt% of 10-15 parts per thousand slab-derived hydrous fluids might be accommodated. The calc-alkaline primitive magmas appear to have experienced a continuous range of open system processes, which operate in the mantle and during rapid magma ascent to eruption, and occasionally post quench. Textural relationships and geochemistry of these lava samples are consistent with blends of mafic phenocrysts and degassed melts in varying states of O-18 disequilibrium. In lenses of accumulated melt within peridotite near the base of the crust, coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene delta O-18 values probably are not at isotopic equilibrium because fluids introduced into the system perturbed the delta O-18(melt) values. A "sudden" melt extraction event interrupts O-18 equilibration in phenocrysts and poorly mixed melt(s). Rapid ascent of volatile oversaturated primitive mafic magma through the crust appears to be accompanied by devolatilization and crystallization of anorthite-rich plagioclase with elevated delta O-18(plag), values. The (Sr/P)(N) values for the whole rock geochemistry are consistent with a Sr-87/Sr-86 similar to 0.7027 slab-derived fluid addition into the infertile peridotite source of magmas, and melt devolatilization is recorded in the mixture of disequilibrium delta O-18 values for the constituent phases of lavas. Morbidity of the Gorda Plate as it undergoes intense deformation from the spreading ridge to the trench is likely a key factor to developing the carrying capacity of hydrous fluids and mineral phases in the slab subducting into the SMC mantle. C1 [Underwood, Sandra J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Underwood, Sandra J.] Childs Geosci Inc, 1700 West Koch,Suite 6, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Clynne, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Underwood, SJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.; Underwood, SJ (reprint author), Childs Geosci Inc, 1700 West Koch,Suite 6, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM SandyUnderwood903@hotmail.com FU National Science Foundation [EAR 99837.69]; Geological Society of America [7821-04] FX We thank Grace Winer for preparing mineral separates, Viorel Atudorei and Dan Breeker for their assistance in the stable isotope laboratory of the Earth and Planetary Sciences Department at the University of New Mexico, and P.B. Larson, A. Matthews, J.R. Bowman, and P.I. Nabelek for stimulating discussions of the mineral delta18O data. M. Skidmore provided valuable input in the earlier stages of this project. This manuscript significantly benefited from improvements based on thoughtful reviews by C. Bacon, L. Hammersley, W Leeman, O. Muntener, M. Loewen, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (EAR 99837.69) to T. Feeley and a Geological Society of America grant (7821-04) to Underwood for field work. Any use of trade, Thin, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.2138/am-2017-5588 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EL1TV UT WOS:000394405000027 ER PT J AU Hinckley, ELS Ebel, BA Barnes, RT Murphy, SF Anderson, SP AF Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S. Ebel, Brian A. Barnes, Rebecca T. Murphy, Sheila F. Anderson, Suzanne P. TI Critical zone properties control the fate of nitrogen during experimental rainfall in montane forests of the Colorado Front Range SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-15 tracer; Lithium bromide; Hillslope aspect; Hydrologic response; Convective storm; Critical Zone Observatory ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FRESH-WATER; SOIL; DEPOSITION; NITRATE; AVAILABILITY; PLANTATION; CARBON AB Several decades of research in alpine ecosystems have demonstrated links among the critical zone, hydrologic response, and the fate of elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Less research has occurred in mid-elevation forests, which may be important for retaining atmospheric N deposition. To explore the fate of N in the montane zone, we conducted plot-scale experimental rainfall events across a north-south transect within a catchment of the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory. Rainfall events mimicked relatively common storms (20-50% annual exceedance probability) and were labeled with N-15-nitrate () and lithium bromide tracers. For 4 weeks, we measured soil-water and leachate concentrations of Br-, and daily, followed by recoveries of N-15 species in bulk soils and microbial biomass. Tracers moved immediately into the subsurface of north-facing slope plots, exhibiting breakthrough at 10 and 30 cm over 22 days. Conversely, little transport of Br- or occurred in south-facing slope plots; tracers remained in soil or were lost via pathways not measured. Hillslope position was a significant determinant of soil N-15- recoveries, while soil depth and time were significant determinants of N-15 recovery in microbial biomass. Overall, N-15 recovery in microbial biomass and leachate was greater in upper north-facing slope plots than lower north-facing (toeslope) and both south-facing slope plots in August; by October, N-15 recovery in microbial N biomass within south-facing slope plots had increased substantially. Our results point to the importance of soil properties in controlling the fate of N in mid-elevation forests during the summer season. C1 [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Anderson, Suzanne P.] Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Barnes, Rebecca T.] Colorado Coll, 14 E Cache La Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Murphy, Sheila F.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, 260 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hinckley, ELS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eve.hinckley@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF EAR 0847987, 0814457] FX E.S.H. and R.T.B. were funded by National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowships (NSF EAR 0847987 and 0814457) during the study. Faculty, staff, and students associated with the Boulder Creek CZO (NSF EAR 0724960 and 1331828) provided additional support. We thank Chris Seibold, Holly Miller, and staff at the Niwot Ridge LTER's Kiowa Laboratory for rapid, careful analysis of all samples. We also thank Rory Cowie, Alexandra Czastkiewicz, Daniel Eldridge, Hana Fancher, Abigail Langston, BobbiJo Littrell, Christina Pruett, and Nathan Rock for assistance with the field tracer studies. The authors thank Edward Stets and three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments on the manuscript. Data included in this paper are available for download via the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory website (http://criticalzone.org/boulder/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2017 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s10533-017-0299-8 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EL1AA UT WOS:000394351700013 ER PT J AU Carroll, RWH Huntington, JL Snyder, KA Niswonger, RG Morton, C Stringham, TK AF Carroll, Rosemary W. H. Huntington, Justin L. Snyder, Keirith A. Niswonger, Richard G. Morton, Charles Stringham, Tamzen K. TI Evaluating mountain meadow groundwater response to Pinyon-Juniper and temperature in a great basin watershed SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; Great Basin; groundwater dependent ecosystems; integrated hydrologic model; Landsat; Pinyon-Juniper ID WESTERN JUNIPER; FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES; MONITORING VEGETATION; NEW-MEXICO; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CATCHMENT; SCALE; FIRE; SNOW; ENCROACHMENT AB This research highlights development and application of an integrated hydrologic model (GSFLOW) to a semiarid, snow-dominated watershed in the Great Basin to evaluate Pinyon-Juniper (PJ) and temperature controls on mountain meadow shallow groundwater. The work used Google Earth Engine Landsat satellite and gridded climate archives for model evaluation. Model simulations across three decades indicated that the watershed operates on a threshold response to precipitation (P) >400mm/y to produce a positive yield (P-ET; 9%) resulting in stream discharge and a rebound in meadow groundwater levels during these wetter years. Observed and simulated meadow groundwater response to large P correlates with above average predicted soil moisture and with a normalized difference vegetation index threshold value >0.3. A return to assumed pre-expansion PJ conditions or an increase in temperature to mid-21st century shifts yielded by only +/- 1% during the multi-decade simulation period; but changes of approximately +/- 4% occurred during wet years. Changes in annual yield were largely dampened by the spatial and temporal redistribution of evapotranspiration across the watershed: Yet the influence of this redistribution and vegetation structural controls on snowmelt altered recharge to control water table depth in the meadow. Even a small-scale removal of PJ (0.5km(2)) proximal to the meadow will promote a stable, shallow groundwater system resilient to droughts, while modest increases in temperature will produce a meadow susceptible to declining water levels and a community structure likely to move toward dry and degraded conditions. C1 [Carroll, Rosemary W. H.; Huntington, Justin L.; Morton, Charles] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Snyder, Keirith A.] USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stringham, Tamzen K.] Univ Nevada, Dept Agr Nutr & Vet Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Carroll, RWH (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM rosemary.carroll@dri.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management grant [L13 AC00169]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service through the Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative [59-5370-3-001]; Desert Research Institute Maki Endowment; U.S. Geological Survey Landsat Science Team grant; Google Earth Engine faculty research grant FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management grant #L13 AC00169, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service grant #59-5370-3-001 through the Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Desert Research Institute Maki Endowment; U.S. Geological Survey 2012-2017 Landsat Science Team grant, and a Google Earth Engine faculty research grant. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 AR UNSP e1792 DI 10.1002/eco.1792 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EK4AS UT WOS:000393870100021 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM Fairen, AG Martinez-Frias, J Frydenvang, J Gasnault, O Gelfenbaum, G Goetz, W Grotzinger, JP Le Mouelic, S Mangold, N Newsom, H Oehler, DZ Rapin, W Schieber, J Wiens, RC AF Rubin, David M. Fairen, A. G. Martinez-Frias, J. Frydenvang, J. Gasnault, O. Gelfenbaum, G. Goetz, W. Grotzinger, J. P. Le Mouelic, S. Mangold, N. Newsom, H. Oehler, D. Z. Rapin, W. Schieber, J. Wiens, R. C. TI Fluidized-sediment pipes in Gale crater, Mars, and possible Earth analogs SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; ARABIA TERRA; DEPOSITS; SYSTEM; CANDOR; WATER; UNIT AB Since landing in Gale crater, the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity has traversed fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian sedimentary rocks that were deposited within the crater similar to 3.6 to 3.2 b.y. ago. Here we describe structures interpreted to be pipes formed by vertical movement of fluidized sediment. Like many pipes on Earth, those in Gale crater are more resistant to erosion than the host rock; they form near other pipes, dikes, or deformed sediment; and some contain internal concentric or eccentric layering. These structures provide new evidence of the importance of subsurface aqueous processes in shaping the near-surface geology of Mars. C1 [Rubin, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fairen, A. G.] CSIC, Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Ctr Astrobiol, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Fairen, A. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Martinez-Frias, J.] Univ Complutense Madrid, CSIC, Inst Geociencias IGEO, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Frydenvang, J.; Rapin, W.; Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gasnault, O.] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Gelfenbaum, G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goetz, W.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Grotzinger, J. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Le Mouelic, S.; Mangold, N.] Univ Nantes, CNRS UMR6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Oehler, D. Z.] NASA, LZ Technol, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schieber, J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. FU NASA Mars Exploration Program; NASA MSL Participating Scientist Program; Project icyMARS, European Research Council [307496] FX This work could not have been completed without the NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) engineering, management, and operations teams, supported by the NASA Mars Exploration Program. Support for Rubin, Goetz, and Oehler was provided by the NASA MSL Participating Scientist Program. Fairen was supported by the Project icyMARS, European Research Council Starting grant 307496. We thank Margie Chan, Andrew Hurst, David Loope, Massimo Moretti, Jeff Peakall, and James Schmitt for constructive reviews. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 45 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1130/G38339.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6OT UT WOS:000396124000004 ER PT J AU Garcia, MO Jicha, BR Marske, JP Pietruszka, AJ AF Garcia, Michael O. Jicha, Brian R. Marske, Jared P. Pietruszka, Aaron J. TI How old is Kilauea Volcano (Hawai`i)? Insights from Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of the 1.7-km-deep SOH-1 core SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; HISTORY; MANTLE; GROWTH; LAVAS; PLUME; GEOCHEMISTRY; ISLAND; AGES AB Reliable estimates for lava accumulation rates are essential for interpreting magma fluxes to intraplate volcanoes and inferring the thermal and compositional structure of mantle plumes. Kilauea Volcano's (Hawai`i) 1.7-km-deep SOH-1 scientific drill hole provides an opportunity to assess the lava accumulation rate and duration of the early shield stage for Hawaiian volcanoes. New Ar-40/Ar-39 ages were determined for four SOH-1 tholeiitic samples. Combining these results with two previous Ar-40/Ar-39 ages and the age of the drill-site surface flow, and correcting sample depth to remove intervening dikes, yields a good correlation (R2 = 0.97) for a 4.4 m/ k. y. accumulation rate, which may have increased to 5.9 m/ k. y. during the last 50 k. y. These rates contrast with a predicted 40% decrease during the last 200 k. y. from a simple shield volcano growth model. Mauna Loa, a massive shield volcano that buttresses the north flank of Kilauea, may have contributed to this nearly constant lava accumulation rate. Extending the correlation to the base of the SOH-1 core indicates that Kilauea's tholeiitic volcanism probably started by 240 ka. Assuming an similar to 400 k. y. duration for the preshield stage, Kilauea is much older than some previous estimates (ca. 600 ka versus 150-275 ka) and has been vigorously erupting tholeiitic lavas for at least the past 200 k. y. During this period, it has been competing with Mauna Loa for the higher-temperature output of the Hawaiian mantle plume, which is contrary to previous models. New models that assess the magmatic output and thermal history of the Hawaiian mantle plume need to consider a steep increase in magma supply during the transition from preshield to shield stages to explain the nearconstant lava accumulation rate during early shield growth. C1 [Garcia, Michael O.; Marske, Jared P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jicha, Brian R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pietruszka, Aaron J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Marske, Jared P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Garcia, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1449744]; School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) [9851] FX We thank Mike Vollinger for XRF analyses; M. Grove, A. Calvert and C. Oze for manuscript reviews; and Peter Lipman, J. M. Rhodes, and Don Swanson for discussion. This study was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1449744 to Garcia, and is School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) contribution #9851. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 45 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1130/G38419.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6OT UT WOS:000396124000022 ER PT J AU Hill, MJ Zhou, Q Sun, QS Schaaf, CB Palace, M AF Hill, Michael J. Zhou, Qiang Sun, Qingsong Schaaf, Crystal B. Palace, Michael TI Relationships between vegetation indices, fractional cover retrievals and the structure and composition of Brazilian Cerrado natural vegetation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN TROPICAL SAVANNA; NADIR REFLECTANCE PRODUCTS; EO-1 HYPERION; TIME-SERIES; LAND-COVER; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; OPERATIONAL BRDF; MODIS DATA; DYNAMICS; SOIL AB This study explores the use of the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the shortwave infrared ratio (SWIR32) vegetation indices (VI) to retrieve fractional cover over the structurally complex natural vegetation of the Cerrado of Brazil using a time series of imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Data from the EO-1 Hyperion sensor with 30 m pixel resolution is used to sample geographic and seasonal variation in NDVI, SWIR32, and the hyperspectral cellulose absorption index (CAI), and to derive end-member values for photosynthetic vegetation (PV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and bare soil (BS) from a suite of protected and/or natural vegetation sites across the Cerrado. The end-members derived from relatively pure 30 m pixels are then applied to a 500 m pixel resolution MODIS time series using linear spectral unmixing to retrieve PV, NPV, and BS fractional cover (F-PV, F-NPV, and F-BS). The two-way interaction response of MODIS-equivalent NDVI and SWIR32 was examined for regions of interest (ROI) collected within protected areas and nearby converted lands. The MODIS NDVI, SWIR32 and retrieved FPV, FNPV, and FBS are then compared to detailed cover and structural composition data from field sites, and the influence of the structural and compositional variation on the VIs and cover fractions is explored. The hyperion ROI analysis indicated that the twoway NDVI-SWIR32 response behaved as an effective surrogate for the two-way NDVI-CAI response for the campo limpo/grazed pasture to cerrado sensu stricto woody gradient. The SWIR32 sensitivity to the NPV and BS variation increased as the dry season progressed, but Cerrado savannah exhibited limited dynamic range in the NDVI-CAI and NDVI-SWIR32 two-way responses compared to the entire landscape, which also comprises fallow croplands and forests. Validation analysis of MODIS retrievals with Quickbird-2 images produced an RMSE value of 0.13 for FPV. However, the RMSE values of 0.16 and 0.18 for FBS and FNPV, respectively, were large relative to the seasonal and inter-annual variation. Analysis of site composition and structural data in relation to the MODIS-derived NDVI, SWIR32 and F-PV, F-NPV, and F-BS, indicated that the VI signal and derived cover fractions were influenced by a complex mix of structure and cover but included a strong year-to-year seasonal effect. Therefore, although the MODIS NDVI-SWIR32 response could be used to retrieve cover fractions across all Cerrado land covers including bare cropland, pastures and forests, sensitivity may be limited within the natural Cerrado due to sub-pixel heterogeneity and limited BS and NPV sensitivity. C1 [Hill, Michael J.; Zhou, Qiang] Univ North Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, 4149 Univ Ave, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Sun, Qingsong; Schaaf, Crystal B.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Palace, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Zhou, Qiang] USGS EROS Data Ctr, ASRC Fed InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hill, MJ (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, 4149 Univ Ave, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hillmj@aero.und.edu FU NASA [NNX10AH20G, NNX11AD58G, NNX14AI73G] FX This work was partially supported by grants from NASA [NNX10AH20G, NNX11AD58G, NNX14AI73G]. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2017 VL 38 IS 3 BP 874 EP 905 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1271959 PG 32 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EK4EX UT WOS:000393881000003 ER PT J AU Rice, MS Gupta, S Treiman, AH Stack, KM Calef, F Edgar, LA Grotzinger, J Lanza, N Le Deit, L Lasue, J Siebach, KL Vasavada, A Wiens, RC Williams, J AF Rice, Melissa S. Gupta, Sanjeev Treiman, Allan H. Stack, Kathryn M. Calef, Fred Edgar, Lauren A. Grotzinger, John Lanza, Nina Le Deit, Laetitia Lasue, Jeremie Siebach, Kirsten L. Vasavada, Ashwin Wiens, Roger C. Williams, Joshua TI Geologic overview of the Mars Science Laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley, Gale crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars Science Laboratory; Gale crater; sediment provenance; diagenesis; fluvio-deltaic processes; landscape evolution ID PEACE VALLIS FAN; IN-SITU; CONSTRAINTS; MINERALOGY; ROCKS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; SPECTROSCOPY; SANDSTONE; DEPOSITS AB The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover completed a detailed investigation at the Kimberley waypoint within Gale crater from sols 571-634 using its full science instrument payload. From orbital images examined early in the Curiosity mission, the Kimberley region had been identified as a high-priority science target based on its clear stratigraphic relationships in a layered sedimentary sequence that had been exposed by differential erosion. Observations of the stratigraphic sequence at the Kimberley made by Curiosity are consistent with deposition in a prograding, fluvio-deltaic system during the late Noachian to early Hesperian, prior to the existence of most of Mount Sharp. Geochemical and mineralogic analyses suggest that sediment deposition likely took place under cold conditions with relatively low water-to-rock ratios. Based on elevated K2O abundances throughout the Kimberley formation, an alkali feldspar protolith is likely one of several igneous sources from which the sediments were derived. After deposition, the rocks underwent multiple episodes of diagenetic alteration with different aqueous chemistries and redox conditions, as evidenced by the presence of Ca-sulfate veins, Mn-oxide fracture fills, and erosion-resistant nodules. More recently, the Kimberley has been subject to significant aeolian abrasion and removal of sediments to create modern topography that slopes away from Mount Sharp, a process that has continued to the present day. C1 [Rice, Melissa S.; Williams, Joshua] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Gupta, Sanjeev] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Treiman, Allan H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Stack, Kathryn M.; Calef, Fred; Vasavada, Ashwin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Edgar, Lauren A.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grotzinger, John] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lanza, Nina; Wiens, Roger C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Remote Sensing, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Le Deit, Laetitia] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Lasue, Jeremie] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Toulouse, France. [Siebach, Kirsten L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Rice, MS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM melissa.rice@wwu.edu FU NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) Postdoctoral Program; MSL Participating Scientist Program; United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA); French Space Agency (CNES) FX We acknowledge the exceptional skills and diligent efforts made by the MSL project's science, engineering, and management teams in making this work possible. We are also grateful to the many MSL team members who participated in tactical and strategic operations during the Kimberley campaign. We thank Ryan Anderson and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments have improved the manuscript. Rice was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) Postdoctoral Program and the MSL Participating Scientist Program. Gupta was supported by grants from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA). Le Deit and Lasue acknowledge the support of the French Space Agency (CNES). Data presented in this paper are archived in the Planetary Data System (pds.nasa.gov). NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 2 EP 20 DI 10.1002/2016JE005200 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM1QA UT WOS:000395090900001 ER PT J AU Carvajal, M Cisternas, M Gubler, A Catalan, PA Winckler, P Wesson, RL AF Carvajal, M. Cisternas, M. Gubler, A. Catalan, P. A. Winckler, P. Wesson, R. L. TI Reexamination of the magnitudes for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes using Japanese tsunami amplitudes: Implications for source depth constraints SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LARGE SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; FAULT SLIP; MEGATHRUST EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; 2010 MAULE; RUPTURE; TRENCH; WAVES AB Far-field tsunami records from the Japanese tide gauge network allow the reexamination of the moment magnitudes (M-w) for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes, which to date rely on limited information mainly from seismological observations alone. Tide gauges along the Japanese coast provide extensive records of tsunamis triggered by six great (M-w >8) Chilean earthquakes with instrumentally determined moment magnitudes. These tsunami records are used to explore the dependence of tsunami amplitudes in Japan on the parent earthquake magnitude of Chilean origin. Using the resulting regression parameters together with tide gauge amplitudes measured in Japan we estimate apparent moment magnitudes of M-w 8.0-8.2 and M-w 8.5-8.6 for the 1906 central and 1922 north-central Chile earthquakes. The large discrepancy of the 1906 magnitude estimated from the tsunami observed in Japan as compared with those previously determined from seismic waves (M-s 8.4) suggests a deeper than average source with reduced tsunami excitation. A deep dislocation along the Chilean megathrust would favor uplift of the coast rather than beneath the sea, giving rise to a smaller tsunami and producing effects consistent with those observed in 1906. The 1922 magnitude inferred from far-field tsunami amplitudes appear to better explain the large extent of damage and the destructive tsunami that were locally observed following the earthquake than the lower seismic magnitudes (M-s 8.3) that were likely affected by the well-known saturation effects. Thus, a repeat of the large 1922 earthquake poses seismic and tsunami hazards in a region identified as a mature seismic gap. C1 [Carvajal, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Programa Magister Oceanog, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Cisternas, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Gubler, A.; Catalan, P. A.] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Obras Civiles, Valparaiso, Chile. [Gubler, A.; Catalan, P. A.] CIGIDEN, Ctr Nacl Invest Gest Integrada Desastres Nat, Santiago, Chile. [Catalan, P. A.] Ctr Cient Tecnol Valparaiso, Basal Project FB021, Valparaiso, Chile. [Winckler, P.] Univ Valparaiso, Escuela Ingn Civil Ocean, Valparaiso, Chile. [Wesson, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Carvajal, M (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Programa Magister Oceanog, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. EM matias.carvajal.ramirez@gmail.com RI Catalan, Patricio/B-9790-2009 OI Catalan, Patricio/0000-0002-6567-5776 FU Chile's Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) project [1150321]; CONICYT [FONDAP 15110017]; CONICYT (Chile) [FONDECYT 11150003] FX This work is part of Chile's Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) project 1150321. M. Carvajal and A. Gubler thanks the Master programs at the Escuela Ciencias del Mar of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso and Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria for their permanent support. P.A. Catalan and A. Gubler would like to thank CONICYT through his grants FONDAP 15110017 (CIGIDEN). P. Winckler thanks CONICYT (Chile), through his grant FONDECYT 11150003. The authors would finally like to thank the Editor Michael Walter, the Associate Editor Yoshihiro Kaneko, Aditya Gusman, and three other anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that significantly improved this article. The data used for producing the results herein may be requested by contacting the authors. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 4 EP 17 DI 10.1002/2016JB013269 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM9VH UT WOS:000395658900001 ER PT J AU Philibosian, B Sieh, K Avouac, JP Natawidjaja, DH Chiang, HW Wu, CC Shen, CC Daryono, MR Perfettini, H Suwargadi, BW Lu, YB Wang, XF AF Philibosian, Belle Sieh, Kerry Avouac, Jean-Philippe Natawidjaja, Danny H. Chiang, Hong-Wei Wu, Chung-Che Shen, Chuan-Chou Daryono, Mudrik R. Perfettini, Hugo Suwargadi, Bambang W. Lu, Yanbin Wang, Xianfeng TI Earthquake supercycles on the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust in the seventeenth century and earlier SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRECISION; INDIAN-OCEAN; HALF-LIVES; CORALS; TH-230; SUMATRA; PATCH; AGES; ARC AB Over at least the past millennium, the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust has failed in sequences of closely timed events rather than in single end-to-end ruptureseach the culmination of an earthquake supercycle. Here we synthesize the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century coral microatoll records into a chronology of interseismic and coseismic vertical deformation. We identify at least five discrete uplift events in about 1597, 1613, 1631, 1658, and 1703 that likely correspond to large megathrust ruptures. This sequence contrasts with the following supercycle culmination, which involved only two large ruptures in 1797 and 1833. Fault slip modeling suggests that together the five cascading ruptures involved failure of the entire Mentawai segment. Interseismic deformation rates also changed after the onset of the rupture sequence, as they did after the 1797 earthquake. We model this change as an altered distribution of fault coupling, presumably triggered by the similar to 1597 rupture. We also analyze the far less continuous microatoll record between A.D. 1 and 1500. While we cannot confidently delineate the extent of any megathrust rupture during that period, all evidence suggests that individual major ruptures involve only part of the Mentawai segment, often overlap below the central Mentawai Islands, often trigger coupling changes, and occur in clusters that cumulatively cover the entire Mentawai segment at the culmination of each supercycle. It is clear that each Mentawai rupture sequence evolves uniquely in terms of the order and grouping of asperities that rupture, suggesting heterogeneities in fault frictional properties at the similar to 100km scale. C1 [Philibosian, Belle; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Perfettini, Hugo] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Philibosian, Belle] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sieh, Kerry; Lu, Yanbin; Wang, Xianfeng] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Natawidjaja, Danny H.; Wu, Chung-Che; Shen, Chuan-Chou; Suwargadi, Bambang W.] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung, Indonesia. [Chiang, Hong-Wei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, High Precis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change L, Taipei, Taiwan. [Daryono, Mudrik R.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia. [Perfettini, Hugo] Univ Joseph Fourier, IRD ISTerre, Grenoble, France. RP Philibosian, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Philibosian, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bphilibosian@usgs.gov OI Philibosian, Belle/0000-0003-3138-4716; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-3060-8442 FU National Science Foundation [0208508, 0530899, 0538333, 0809223]; Sumatran Paleoseismology grant [M58B50074.706022]; National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative through the Earth Observatory of Singapore; Research Center for Geotechnology at the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); Caltech Tectonics Observatory; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Japanese documentary agency NHK; Taiwan ROC MOST; NTU [104-2119-M-002-003, 105-2119-M-002-001, 105R7625] FX All data used in this paper are included in the main text or supporting information. This project was supported by National Science Foundation grants 0208508, 0530899, 0538333, and 0809223 to K.S.; by Sumatran Paleoseismology grant M58B50074.706022; by the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative through the Earth Observatory of Singapore; by the Research Center for Geotechnology at the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); by the Caltech Tectonics Observatory; and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Also, the Japanese documentary agency NHK funded a special one-week final field expedition in 2012. U-Th dating was supported by the Taiwan ROC MOST and NTU grants 104-2119-M-002-003, 105-2119-M-002-001, and 105R7625 to C.-C.S. We thank Dudi Prayudi, Imam Suprihanto, John Galetzka, and all the crew members of the K.M. Andalas for field support, Ke (Coco) Lin for assistance with U-Th dating at the HISPEC Laboratory at the National Taiwan University, and Aron Meltzner, Emma Hill, and Lujia Feng for helpful discussions. This paper was improved thanks to thoughtful and thorough reviews by Rob Witter and an anonymous reviewer. This is Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution no. 137 and Caltech Tectonics Observatory contribution 216. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 642 EP 676 DI 10.1002/2016JB013560 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM9VH UT WOS:000395658900037 ER PT J AU Schepers, L Kirwan, M Guntenspergen, G Temmerman, S AF Schepers, Lennert Kirwan, Matthew Guntenspergen, Glenn Temmerman, Stijn TI Spatio-temporal development of vegetation die-off in a submerging coastal marsh SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TIDAL WETLAND STABILITY; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BRACKISH MARSH; RISING SEA; ESTUARY; GROWTH; MODEL AB In several places around the world, coastal marsh vegetation is converting to open water through the formation of pools. This is concerning, as vegetation die-off is expected to reduce the marshes' capacity to adapt to sea level rise by vegetation-induced sediment accretion. Quantitative analyses of the spatial and temporal development of marsh vegetation die-off are scarce, although these are needed to understand the bio-geomorphic feedback effects of vegetation die-off on flow, erosion, and sedimentation. In this study, we quantified the spatial and temporal development of marsh vegetation die-off with aerial images from 1938 to 2010 in a submerging coastal marsh along the Blackwater River (Maryland, U.S.A). Our results indicate that die-off begins with conversion of marsh vegetation into bare open water pools that are relatively far (> 75 m) from tidal channels. As vegetation die-off continues, pools expand, and new pools emerge at shorter and shorter distances from channels. Consequently larger pools are found at larger distances from the channels. Our results suggest that the size of the pools and possibly the connection of pools with the tidal channel system have important bio-geomorphic implications and aggravate marsh deterioration. Moreover, we found that the temporal development of vegetation die-off in moderately degraded marshes is similar as the spatial die-off development along a present-day gradient, which indicates that the contemporary die-off gradient might be considered a chronosequence that offers a unique opportunity to study vegetation die-off processes. C1 [Schepers, Lennert; Temmerman, Stijn] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Ecosyst Management Res Grp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Kirwan, Matthew] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Schepers, L (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Ecosyst Management Res Grp, Antwerp, Belgium. EM lennert.schepers@uantwerpen.be FU UA-BOF DOCPRO grant; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) [11S9614N, V428214N, K217414N]; U.S. Geological Survey, Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program; NSF GLD [1529245]; NSF SEES [1426981]; NSF LTER [1237733] FX This project was financed by an UA-BOF DOCPRO grant (to L.S. and S.T.), the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, PhD grant L.S., 11S9614N, travel grants L.S. V428214N and S.T. K217414N), by the U.S. Geological Survey, Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program (G.G.), by NSF GLD 1529245, NSF SEES 1426981, NSF LTER 1237733 (M.K.). We would like to thank the managers and biologists of the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge for their assistance and valuable comments; and P. Brennand (USGS) for indispensable field assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1002/lno.10381 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EK3CW UT WOS:000393804600009 ER PT J AU Goetz, F Sitar, S Jasonowicz, A Seider, M AF Goetz, Frederick Sitar, Shawn Jasonowicz, Andy Seider, Michael TI Reproduction of Lake Trout Morphotypes at Isle Royale in Northern Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SYMPATRIC MORPHOTYPES; ARCTIC CHARR; SISCOWET; FECUNDITY; MICHIGAN; RESTORATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; MATURITY AB The reproductive biology of male and female lean, siscowet, redfin, and humper Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush was assessed by measuring the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and by histological analysis of the gonads over 2 years from spring to fall at sites surrounding Isle Royale National Park, Lake Superior. Whole livers, otoliths, and ovaries were also collected to measure hepatosomatic index (HSI), age, and fecundity. In general, GSIs increased from spring to summer in male and female siscowets, leans, redfins, and humpers, and this was accompanied by a large increase in the number of vitellogenic (>2.0 mm) follicles in females. Postspawned ovaries and regressing testes were predominant in all morphotypes by October but were also observed in September, indicating that some spawning occurred at least by September. Further, preovulatory siscowet females (GSIs > 10) and siscowet males with fully mature and even regressing testes were observed in the spring and summer, indicating that spawning occurs at least in the spring and fall in siscowets at Isle Royale. For all morphotypes, average male HSIs were significantly lower than female HSIs. Absolute fecundity was positively related to size and age for all morphotypes. Humpers had the lowest absolute fecundity. Leans, redfins, and siscowets had similar fecundity relationships. The results conclusively demonstrate that deepwater siscowet Lake Trout reproduce at least during the spring and fall at Isle Royale and that leans, humpers, and redfins reproduce during the fall. In lakes that exhibit sympatric populations of deepwater and shallow-water ecotypes of Arctic Char Salvelinus alpinus, the deepwater form also spawns in both spring and fall. Our data and those on Arctic Char suggest that there is an adaptive strategy for maintaining alternative spawning times in the deepwater ecotypes in these populations.Received June 20, 2016; accepted November 2, 2016 C1 [Goetz, Frederick] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 East Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Sitar, Shawn] Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 484 Cherry Creek Rd, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Jasonowicz, Andy] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Seider, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr East, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 East Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM rick@uwm.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Michigan DNR (Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project) [F-81-R] FX The crew of the RV Lake Char, including Chris Little, Kevin Rathbun, and Dan Traynor, worked extremely hard in the field collection for this study. We also appreciate logistical and field support from the National Park Service: Phyllis Green, Paul Brown, Marshall Plumer, Mark Romanski, Ryan Bart, and Sharon Rayford of Isle Royale National Park and Jay Glase of Water Resources Division. Mike Abbott (Michigan Technological University [MTU]), Tony Beck (Michigan DNR), Emily Bouckaert (MTU), Dave Essian (Northern Michigan University), Casey Hares (Northern Michigan University), Matt Kornis (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]), Guy Meadows (MTU), Kevin Pankow (USFWS), Tyler Sykora (USFWS), and Danielle Sitar (Michigan DNR) provided essential field and vessel support for this study. We also thank Jean Adams (U.S. Geological Survey) for assistance with statistical analyses. This study was supported by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and by the Michigan DNR (Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-81-R). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 2 BP 268 EP 282 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1259660 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EM0LF UT WOS:000395009100001 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Maldonado, J Sanchez-Sedillo, B Stoneburner, B Boren, A Miller, L McCann, S Rosen, M Oremland, RS Saltikov, CW AF Hernandez-Maldonado, Jaime Sanchez-Sedillo, Benjamin Stoneburner, Brendon Boren, Alison Miller, Laurence McCann, Shelley Rosen, Michael Oremland, Ronald S. Saltikov, Chad W. TI The genetic basis of anoxygenic photosynthetic arsenite oxidation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIG-SODA LAKE; OXIDASE GENE; MEKONG DELTA; FERROUS IRON; MONO LAKE; BANGLADESH; METABOLISM; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; RELEASE AB Photoarsenotrophy', the use of arsenite as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis, is thought to be an ancient form of phototrophy along with the photosynthetic oxidation of Fe(II), H2S, H-2 and Photoarsenotrophy was recently identified from Paoha Island's (Mono Lake, CA) arsenic-rich hot springs. The genomes of several photoarsenotrophs revealed a gene cluster, arxB2AB1CD, where arxA is predicted to encode for the sole arsenite oxidase. The role of arxA in photosynthetic arsenite oxidation was confirmed by disrupting the gene in a representative photoarsenotrophic bacterium, resulting in the loss of light-dependent arsenite oxidation. In situ evidence of active photoarsenotrophic microbes was supported by arxA mRNA detection for the first time, in red-pigmented microbial mats within the hot springs of Paoha Island. This work expands on the genetics for photosynthesis coupled to new electron donors and elaborates on known mechanisms for arsenic metabolism, thereby highlighting the complexities of arsenic biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Hernandez-Maldonado, Jaime; Sanchez-Sedillo, Benjamin; Stoneburner, Brendon; Boren, Alison; Saltikov, Chad W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Miller, Laurence; McCann, Shelley; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rosen, Michael] US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Saltikov, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM saltikov@ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1349366]; UCSC RMI fellowship [NIH-NHGRI 1R25HG006836-01A1]; UCSC IMSD fellowship [NIH/HIGMS 5R25GM058903-14]; UCSC PREP fellowship [NIH 5R25GM104552] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1349366) award to CWS; UCSC RMI fellowship (NIH-NHGRI 1R25HG006836-01A1) and UCSC IMSD fellowship (NIH/HIGMS 5R25GM058903-14) to Jaime Hernandez-Maldonado; UCSC PREP fellowship (NIH 5R25GM104552) to Benjamin Sedillo-Sanchez. We thank Professor Dianne Newman for constructive advise on sampling red biofilm-like mats in Paoha Island; John Stolz for discussions on earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank Rob Franks (UC Santa Cruz) for tremendous help in developing a rapid automated HPLC-ICP-MS arsenic analysis method. We thank the Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory for facilitating fieldwork. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 19 IS 1 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.13509 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EJ9ZX UT WOS:000393587200020 PM 27555453 ER PT J AU Shah, AK Keller, GR AF Shah, Anjana K. Keller, G. Randy TI Geologic influence on induced seismicity: Constraints from potential field data in Oklahoma SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; earthquakes; magnetics; gravity; Oklahoma; intraplate seismicity ID WASTE-WATER INJECTION; MIDCONTINENT RIFT; EARTHQUAKES; BASEMENT; INCREASE AB Recent Oklahoma seismicity shows a regional correlation with increased wastewater injection activity, but local variations suggest that some areas are more likely to exhibit induced seismicity than others. We combine geophysical and drill hole data to map subsurface geologic features in the crystalline basement, where most earthquakes are occurring, and examine probable contributing factors. We find that most earthquakes are located where the crystalline basement is likely composed of fractured intrusive or metamorphic rock. Areas with extrusive rock or thick (>4km) sedimentary cover exhibit little seismicity, even in high injection rate areas, similar to deep sedimentary basins in Michigan and western North Dakota. These differences in seismicity may be due to variations in permeability structure: within intrusive rocks, fluids can become narrowly focused in fractures and faults, causing an increase in local pore fluid pressure, whereas more distributed pore space in sedimentary and extrusive rocks may relax pore fluid pressure. C1 [Shah, Anjana K.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Keller, G. Randy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ashah@usgs.gov FU USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, Central and Eastern U.S. Earthquake Hazards Task; DoE grant from the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America program [12122-91] FX We thank D. McNamara, M. Weingarten, and the Oklahoma Geologic Survey for sharing early versions of earthquake, disposal well, and fault map data, respectively. All data are publicly available through references provided. We thank R. Williams and J. Caine for helpful discussions and M. A. Kass, D. McNamara, J. Rubinstein, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews. A.K. Shah was funded by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, Central and Eastern U.S. Earthquake Hazards Task; G.R. Keller was supported by DoE grant 12122-91 from the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1002/2016GL071808 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900019 ER PT J AU Berg, A Sheffield, J Milly, PCD AF Berg, Alexis Sheffield, Justin Milly, P. C. D. TI Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; climate change; water cycle; drought; hydrology ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY; DROUGHT; 21ST-CENTURY; EXPANSION; RESPONSES; EVOLUTION; TRENDS AB Land aridity has been projected to increase with global warming. Such projections are mostly based on off-line aridity and drought metrics applied to climate model outputs but also are supported by climate-model projections of decreased surface soil moisture. Here we comprehensively analyze soil moisture projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, including surface, total, and layer-by-layer soil moisture. We identify a robust vertical gradient of projected mean soil moisture changes, with more negative changes near the surface. Some regions of the northern middle to high latitudes exhibit negative annual surface changes but positive total changes. We interpret this behavior in the context of seasonal changes in the surface water budget. This vertical pattern implies that the extensive drying predicted by off-line drought metrics, while consistent with the projected decline in surface soil moisture, will tend to overestimate (negatively) changes in total soil water availability. C1 [Berg, Alexis; Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Berg, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ab5@princeton.edu FU NOAA [NA15OAR4310091] FX This study was supported by NOAA project NA15OAR4310091. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1002/2016GL071921 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900028 ER PT J AU McAleer, RJ Bish, DL Kunk, MJ Sicard, KR Valley, PM Walsh, GJ Wathen, BA Wintsch, RP AF McAleer, R. J. Bish, D. L. Kunk, M. J. Sicard, K. R. Valley, P. M. Walsh, G. J. Wathen, B. A. Wintsch, R. P. TI Reaction softening by dissolution-precipitation creep in a retrograde greenschist facies ductile shear zone, New Hampshire, USA SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolution-precipitation creep; phyllonite; reaction softening; retrograde; strain localization ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; THERMODYNAMIC DATASET; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; WESTERN ALPS; FAULT ZONES; WHITE MICAS; DEFORMATION; FLUID; AR-40/AR-39; EVOLUTION AB We describe strain localization by a mixed process of reaction and microstructural softening in a lower greenschist facies ductile fault zone that transposes and replaces middle to upper amphibolite facies fabrics and mineral assemblages in the host schist of the Littleton Formation near Claremont, New Hampshire. Here, Na-poor muscovite and chlorite progressively replace first staurolite, then garnet, and finally biotite porphyroblasts as the core of the fault zone is approached. Across the transect, higher grade fabric-forming Na-rich muscovite is also progressively replaced by fabric-forming Na-poor muscovite. The mineralogy of the new phyllonitic fault-rock produced is dominated by Na-poor muscovite and chlorite together with late albite porphyroblasts. The replacement of the amphibolite facies porphyroblasts by muscovite and chlorite is pseudomorphic in some samples and shows that the chemical metastability of the porphyroblasts is sufficient to drive replacement. In contrast, element mapping shows that fabric-forming Na-rich muscovite is selectively replaced at high-strain microstructural sites, indicating that strain energy played an important role in activating the dissolution of the compositionally metastable muscovite. The replacement of strong, high-grade porphyroblasts by weaker Na-poor muscovite and chlorite constitutes reaction softening. The crystallization of parallel and contiguous mica in the retrograde foliation at the expense of the earlier and locally crenulated Na-rich muscovite-defined foliation destroys not only the metastable high-grade mineralogy, but also its stronger geometry. This process constitutes both reaction and microstructural softening. The deformation mechanism here was thus one of dissolution-precipitation creep, activated at considerably lower stresses than might be predicted in quartzofeldspathic rocks at the same lower greenschist facies conditions. C1 [McAleer, R. J.; Bish, D. L.; Wathen, B. A.; Wintsch, R. P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [McAleer, R. J.; Kunk, M. J.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sicard, K. R.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys DGGS, Dept Nat Resources, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Valley, P. M.] SUNY Coll Potsdam, Dept Geol, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Walsh, G. J.] US Geol Survey, 87 State St, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP McAleer, RJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.; McAleer, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rmcaleer@usgs.gov FU teaching Fellowship; Chevron Fellowship; USGS youth initiative funding programme FX H. Belkin is thanked for instruction, patience and help with all electron microscopy. This work is a part R. McAleer's PhD, which was partially funded by teaching and Chevron Fellowships administered by Indiana University, and by the USGS youth initiative funding programme. Reviews by B. Burton and W. Horton (USGS) and journal reviews by H. Stunitz and an anonymous reviewer helped to strengthen the paper. M. Brown is thanked for efficient and fair editorial handling. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0263-4929 EI 1525-1314 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 35 IS 1 BP 95 EP 119 DI 10.1111/jmg.12222 PG 25 WC Geology SC Geology GA EK1PU UT WOS:000393698800006 ER PT J AU Xu, B Boyce, SE Zhang, Y Liu, Q Guo, L Zhong, PA AF Xu, Bin Boyce, Scott E. Zhang, Yu Liu, Qiang Guo, Le Zhong, Ping-An TI Stochastic Programming with a Joint Chance Constraint Model for Reservoir Refill Operation Considering Flood Risk SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Reservoir refill operation; Flood risk; Stochastic programming; Joint chance constraint; Progressive optimality algorithm ID ENSEMBLE STREAMFLOW PREDICTION; MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIR; OPTIMIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; WATER; UNCERTAINTY; DESIGN; RULE AB Reservoir refill operation modeling attempts to maximize a set of benefits while minimizing risks. The benefits and risks can be in opposition to each other, such as having enough water for hydropower generation while leaving enough room for flood protection. In addition to multiple objects, the uncertainty of streamflow can make decision making difficult. This paper develops a stochastic optimization model for reservoir refill operation with the objective of maximizing the expected synthesized energy production for a cascade system of hydropower stations while considering flood risk. Streamflow uncertainty is addressed by discretized streamflow scenarios and flood risk is controlled by a joint chance constraint restricting the occurrence probability. With the variability of flood risk level, two advancing refill scenarios for exploring operation benefit are presented. Scenario I loosens the current stagewise storage bounds conditions and allows advancing reservoir refills but keeps the flood risk level the same as the refill policies obtained under the current storage bounds. Scenario II keeps the current storage bounds unchanged but allows increases in flood risk level. The proposed methodology is applied to the Xiluodu cascade system of reservoirs in China and investigates the optimal refill policies obtained by both scenarios. Compared with the benchmark obtained under the current storage bounds and lowest flood risk level, the results show (1) the synthesized energy production can be improved by 2.13% without changing the flood risk level under Scenario I, and (2) the synthesized energy production can also be increased by 0.21% at the expense of increasing the flood risk level by 4.4% when Scenario II is employed. As Scenario I produces higher benefit and lower risk than Scenario II, it is recommended to loosen the current stagewise storage bounds but to keep the flood risk level unchanged during refill operations. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Xu, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, 1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Boyce, Scott E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Zhang, Yu; Liu, Qiang] Hohai Univ, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, 1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Guo, Le] China Yangtze Power Co Ltd, 19 Jinrong St, Beijing 100032, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Ping-An] Hohai Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Water Resources Efficient Utili, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, 1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhong, PA (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Water Resources Efficient Utili, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, 1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xubin_hhu@hhu.edu.cn; seboyce@usgs.gov; zhangyu74@163.com; liuqiang_3@126.com; guolechina@qq.com; pazhong@hhu.edu.cn FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2015B28414]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51579068]; Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of the Ministry of Water Resources of China [201501007]; National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2016YFC0400909] FX This study is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2015B28414), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51579068), the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No. 201501007), and the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0400909). We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their in-depth reviews and constructive comments. The remarks and summary of reviewer comments provided by the editor and associate editor also are greatly appreciated. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2017 VL 143 IS 1 AR 04016067 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000715 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EK1CA UT WOS:000393662200003 ER PT J AU Osborne, MJ Pilger, TJ Lusk, JD Turner, TF AF Osborne, Megan J. Pilger, Tyler J. Lusk, Joel D. Turner, Thomas F. TI Spatio-temporal variation in parasite communities maintains diversity at the major histocompatibility complex class II in the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaption; community ecology; contemporary evolution; ecological genetics; host-parasite interactions; natural selection ID STICKLEBACKS GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS; GENETIC-VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Climate change will strongly impact aquatic ecosystems particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Fish-parasite interactions will also be affected by predicted altered flow and temperature regimes, and other environmental stressors. Hence, identifying environmental and genetic factors associated with maintaining diversity at immune genes is critical for understanding species' adaptive capacity. Here, we combine genetic (MHC class II and microsatellites), parasitological and ecological data to explore the relationship between these factors in the remnant wild Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) population, an endangered species found in the southwestern United States. Infections with multiple parasites on the gills were observed and there was spatio-temporal variation in parasite communities and patterns of infection among individuals. Despite its highly endangered status and chronically low genetic effective size, Rio Grande silvery minnow had high allelic diversity at MHC class II with more alleles recognized at the presumptive DAB1 locus compared to the DAB3 locus. We identified significant associations between specific parasites and MHC alleles against a backdrop of generalist parasite prevalence. We also found that individuals with higher individual neutral heterozygosity and higher amino acid divergence between MHC alleles had lower parasite abundance and diversity. Taken together, these results suggest a role for fluctuating selection imposed by spatio-temporal variation in pathogen communities and divergent allele advantage in maintenance of high MHC polymorphism. Understanding the complex interaction of habitat, pathogens and immunity in protected species will require integrated experimental, genetic and field studies. C1 [Osborne, Megan J.; Pilger, Tyler J.; Turner, Thomas F.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Osborne, Megan J.; Pilger, Tyler J.; Turner, Thomas F.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lusk, Joel D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Osborne, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Osborne, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, MSC 03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mosborne@unm.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [201816J831] FX We extend our sincere thanks to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this research (Grant number: 201816J831) and to our cooperators, Manuel Ulibarri, Teresa Lewis, Jason Woodland, Anne Davis, Jason Remshardt (U.S. FWS), Phil Hines (retired U.S. FWS) and Shann Stringer (formerly New Mexico Environment Department). We gratefully acknowledge the laboratory assistance of Tracy Diver, Alana Sharp and Sierra Netz (UNM). Evan Carson and four anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Specimen curation and storage were expertly provided by Alexander Snyder at the Museum of Southwestern Biology. CPUE data were provided by R.K. Dudley (American Southwest Ichthyological Researchers). Fish were collected under Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit TE676811 and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish permit 3094 and IACUC approval UNM10-100492MCC. The findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and have not been formally disseminated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 2 BP 471 EP 489 DI 10.1111/mec.13936 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EK5CH UT WOS:000393944000007 PM 27864911 ER PT J AU Friesz, AM Wylie, BK Howard, DM AF Friesz, Aaron M. Wylie, Bruce K. Howard, Daniel M. TI Temporal expansion of annual crop classification layers for the CONUS using the C5 decision tree classifier SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUX TOWER MEASUREMENTS; GREAT-PLAINS AB Crop cover maps have become widely used in a range of research applications. Multiple crop cover maps have been developed to suite particular research interests. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Cropland Data Layers (CDL) are a series of commonly used crop cover maps for the conterminous United States (CONUS) that span from 2008 to 2013. In this investigation, we sought to contribute to the availability of consistent CONUS crop cover maps by extending temporal coverage of the NASS CDL archive back eight additional years to 2000 by creating annual NASS CDL-like crop cover maps derived from a classification tree model algorithm. We used over 11 million records to train a classification tree algorithm and develop a crop classification model (CCM). The model was used to create crop cover maps for the CONUS for years 2000-2013 at 250 m spatial resolution. The CCM and the maps for years 2008-2013 were assessed for accuracy relative to resampled NASS CDLs. The CCM performed well against a withheld test data set with a model prediction accuracy of over 90%. The assessment of the crop cover maps indicated that the model performed well spatially, placing crop cover pixels within their known domains; however, the model did show a bias towards the 'Other' crop cover class, which caused frequent misclassifications of pixels around the periphery of large crop cover patch clusters and of pixels that form small, sparsely dispersed crop cover patches. C1 [Friesz, Aaron M.] Innovate Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Friesz, AM (reprint author), Innovate Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM aaron.friesz.ctr@usgs.gov OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2017 VL 8 IS 4 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2016.1271469 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EK1VY UT WOS:000393715100010 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS King, R Newton, S Zammit, C AF Caruso, B. S. King, R. Newton, S. Zammit, C. TI Simulation of Climate Change Effects on Hydropower Operations in Mountain Headwater Lakes, New Zealand SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mountains; headwaters; hydropower; climate change; New Zealand ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; WATER-RESOURCES; CHANGE IMPACTS; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; GLOBAL CHANGE; RAINFALL; QUANTIFICATION; INTERPOLATION; UNCERTAINTIES; PRECIPITATION AB Future climate change is expected to have wide ranging impacts on the hydrology of mountain rivers because of changes in the magnitudes and timing of rain and snow, as well as the significant spatial variability of topography and other catchment characteristics. In New Zealand, hydropower generation in mountain basins is the primary source of electricity and renewable energy resource in the country. The goal of this study was to simulate and evaluate the potential effects of climate change on hydropower operations in three mountain headwater lakes (lakes Pukaki, Tekapo, and Ohau) in the Upper Waitaki Basin of the central South Island. The TopNet hydrological model was used to estimate catchment runoff and lake inflows based on the 1990s (baseline), 2040s, and 2090s periods. Average temperature and precipitation results from an ensemble of 12 Global Circulation Models based on the IPCC 4th Assessment Report A1B emissions scenario were used as input to TopNet. Linked hydropower lake water balance models were developed and used to simulate hydropower operations including discharge, hydroelectric power generation, and spill based on TopNet future inflow predictions, projected electricity demand, and lake storage and outflow characteristics. Our results indicate that annual lake inflows increase under future climate scenarios, but that there are seasonal effects with increasing flows in winter and early spring, and summer flows decreasing somewhat as a result of increasing temperatures and greater winter rain with less snow. Although overall hydropower generation can increase with the increasing flows and projected electricity demand, the seasonal changes result in demand being met in winter and spring with potential shortfalls in summer and autumn. Maximum annual generation can be achieved for some generating stations, but generation will decrease at other stations and more spill will likely be required through the 2090s because of the seasonal changes. Therefore flood and drought risk could also increase for downstream areas. Results also indicate that by the 2090s electricity demand could exceed generation capacity for these headwater lakes. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Caruso, B. S.; King, R.; Newton, S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Zammit, C.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM brian_caruso@fws.gov NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1002/rra.3056 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EK3NP UT WOS:000393833400013 ER PT J AU Wright, KA Goodman, DH Som, NA Alvarez, J Martin, A Hardy, TB AF Wright, K. A. Goodman, D. H. Som, N. A. Alvarez, J. Martin, A. Hardy, T. B. TI Improving Hydrodynamic Modelling: an Analytical Framework for Assessment of Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling; hydraulic modelling; habitat assessment; validation; model calibration ID AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; RIVER; BIODIVERSITY; VALIDATION; CHANNEL AB Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are increasingly common in riverine research and management. However, input data are not standardized among studies, and assessments of model performance are uncommon, which hinder interpretation of model results and comparisons among studies. Herein, we describe a framework for two-dimensional hydrodynamic model input data collection, model calibration and validation to evaluate model predictions. We present a logical process for the validation of depth and velocity that recognizes the inherent spatial uncertainty in the field measurements and modelling results. The hydrodynamic model we present as an example shows agreement between predicted and observed water surface elevation, area of inundation and spatial distributions of depth and velocity at calibration and independent validation discharges. If this model development and assessment framework was adopted by others, it would allow comparison between studies and provide a foundation for establishing model performance standards. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wright, K. A.; Goodman, D. H.; Som, N. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Alvarez, J.] Hoopa Valley Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Hoopa, CA USA. [Martin, A.] Yurok Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Willow Creek, CA USA. [Hardy, T. B.] Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX USA. [Som, N. A.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Goodman, DH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM damon_goodman@fws.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office FX The authors would like to thank the field crew members of the Hoopa Valley Tribal Fisheries Department, Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that collected the data used to develop and assess these models. This project benefitted from discussions with Nicholas J. Hetrick of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Financial support for this project was provided the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 170 EP 181 DI 10.1002/rra.3067 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EK3NP UT WOS:000393833400015 ER PT J AU Michot, BD Meselhe, EA Krauss, KW Shrestha, S From, AS Patino, E AF Michot, B. D. Meselhe, E. A. Krauss, K. W. Shrestha, S. From, A. S. Patino, E. TI Hydrologic Modeling in a Marsh-Mangrove Ecotone: Predicting Wetland Surface Water and Salinity Response to Restoration in the Ten Thousand Islands Region of Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; Salinity; Restoration; Box model; Wetland management ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTHERN EVERGLADES WETLAND; SALT-MARSH; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOW; LANDSCAPE; FORESTS; ENVIRONMENTS; RECRUITMENT AB At the fringe of Everglades National Park in southwest Florida, United States, the Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge (TTINWR) habitat has been heavily affected by the disruption of natural freshwater flow across the Tamiami Trail (U.S. Highway 41). As the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) proposes to restore the natural sheet flow from the Picayune Strand Restoration Project area north of the highway, the impact of planned measures on the hydrology in the refuge needs to be taken into account. The objective of this study was to develop a simple, computationally efficient mass balance model to simulate the spatial and temporal patterns of water level and salinity within the area of interest. This model could be used to assess the effects of the proposed management decisions on the surface water hydrological characteristics of the refuge. Surface water variations are critical to the maintenance of wetland processes. The model domain is divided into 10 compartments on the basis of their shared topography, vegetation, and hydrologic characteristics. A diversion of +10% of the discharge recorded during the modeling period was simulated in the primary canal draining the Picayune Strand forest north of the Tamiami Trail (Faka Union Canal) and this discharge was distributed as overland flow through the refuge area. Water depths were affected only modestly. However, in the northern part of the refuge, the hydroperiod, i.e., the duration of seasonal flooding, was increased by 21 days (from 115 to 136 days) for the simulation during the 2008 wet season, with an average water level rise of 0.06 m. The average salinity over a two-year period in the model area just south of Tamiami Trail was reduced by approximately 8 practical salinity units (psu) (from 18 to 10 psu), whereas the peak dry season average was reduced from 35 to 29 psu (by 17%). These salinity reductions were even larger with greater flow diversions (+20%). Naturally, the reduction in salinity diminished toward the open water areas where the daily flood tides mix in saline bay water. Partially restoring hydrologic flows to TTINWR will affect hydroperiod and salinity regimes within downslope wetlands, and perhaps serve as a management tool to reduce the speed of future encroachment of mangroves into marsh as sea levels rise. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Michot, B. D.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Ctr Louisiana Inland Water Studies, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Meselhe, E. A.] Water Inst Gulf, Nat Syst Modeling & Monitoring, Baton Rouge, LA 70825 USA. [Krauss, K. W.; From, A. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Shrestha, S.] Fenstermaker & Associates, 5005 Riverway,Suite 300, Houston, TX 77081 USA. [Patino, E.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Myers, FL 33907 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM bdmichot@gmail.com; emeselhe@thewaterinstitute.org; kkrauss@usgs.gov; shrestha.sahas@gmail.com; froma@usgs.gov; epatino@usgs.gov FU USGS National Wetlands Research Center; USGS Priority Ecosystems Research Program; National Park Service's Critical Ecosystems Initiative; NOAA's Estuarine Research Division FX Financial support for this study was provided by the USGS National Wetlands Research Center, USGS Priority Ecosystems Research Program, and the National Park Service's Critical Ecosystems Initiative. The study used data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Florida Water Management District, and Florida Department of Environmental Protection at the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve with funding through NOAA's Estuarine Research Division. The authors would like to extend appreciation to Laura Brandt and G. Ronnie Best for arranging financial support of this project, and Terry J. Doyle, Lars Soderqvist, Eric D. Swain, Thomas W. Doyle, Patrick O'Donnell, Michael J. Barry, Joyce Palmer, Ben Nottingham, Layne Hamilton, Matthew Martin, and Kevin Godsea for contributing to the design, implementation, and data collection for this project, and/or for facilitating permission to access refuge lands. Special thanks to the anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the clarity of this manuscript, as well as to Mike Waldon and Paul Conrads for their insights. The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI AR D4015002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001260 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EJ9DA UT WOS:000393525600003 ER PT J AU Pierfelice, KN Lockaby, BG Krauss, KW Conner, WH Noe, GB Ricker, MC AF Pierfelice, Kathryn N. Lockaby, B. Graeme Krauss, Ken W. Conner, William H. Noe, Gregory B. Ricker, Matthew C. TI Salinity Influences on Aboveground and Belowground Net Primary Productivity in Tidal Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE River systems; Salinity; Wetlands; Marshes; Carbon; Nitrogen; Productivity; Baseline data for modeling ID SOUTHEASTERN FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; COASTAL-PLAIN FOREST; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FRESH-WATER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NUTRIENT CIRCULATION; TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM; ROOT PRODUCTIVITY; SALT TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES AB Tidal freshwater wetlands are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change and rising sea levels. However salinification within these systems is poorly understood, therefore, productivity (litterfall, woody biomass, and fine roots) were investigated on three forested tidal wetlands [(1) freshwater, (2) moderately saline, and (3) heavily salt-impacted] and a marsh along the Waccamaw and Turkey Creek in South Carolina. Mean aboveground (litterfall and woody biomass) production on the freshwater, moderately saline, heavily salt-impacted, and marsh, respectively, was 1,061, 492, 79, and 0 g m(-2) year(-1) versus belowground (fine roots) 860, 490, 620, and 2,128 g m(-2) year(-1). Litterfall and woody biomass displayed an inverse relationship with salinity. Shifts in productivity across saline sites is of concern because sea level is predicted to continue rising. Results from the research reported in this paper provide baseline data upon which coupled hydrologic/wetland models can be created to quantify future changes in tidal forest functions. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Pierfelice, Kathryn N.; Lockaby, B. Graeme] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Conner, William H.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, POB 596, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Noe, Gregory B.] USGS, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ricker, Matthew C.] Bloomsburg Univ, 400 East Second St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. RP Ricker, MC (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ, 400 East Second St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. EM lockabg@auburn.edu; mricker@bloomu.edu FU USGS Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program; National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/USDA [SCZ-1700424] FX Appreciation is expressed to Steven Hutchinson, Robert Price, Philip Schulte, Jake Blackstock, and Lauren Behnke for their assistance collecting field samples; Meg Bloodworth and Amber Click for their assistance separating roots; and Robin Governo for laboratory analysis. Dr. Camille Stagg (USGS) is also thanked for the herbaceous productivity data reported in Ensign et al. (2013). The research reported in this paper was funded by the USGS Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program, administered through the Piedmont South-Atlantic Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Units (CESU) and by National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/USDA, under Project No. SCZ-1700424; Technical Contribution No. 6329 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI AR D5015002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001223 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EJ9DA UT WOS:000393525600009 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Bearlin, A Day, CC Dunham, J AF Landguth, Erin L. Bearlin, Andrew Day, Casey C. Dunham, Jason TI CDMetaPOP: an individual-based, eco-evolutionary model for spatially explicit simulation of landscape demogenetics SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE connectivity; dispersal; dynamic landscapes; gene flow; genotype-environment associations; growth rate; harvesting; landscape resistance; sampling; stream networks ID BROOK TROUT; POPULATION-GENETICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALMONIDS; STREAM; DYNAMICS; PROGRAM; METAPOPULATIONS; CONSEQUENCES AB Combining landscape demographic and genetics models offers powerful methods for addressing questions for eco-evolutionary applications. Using two illustrative examples, we present Cost-Distance Meta-POPulation, a program to simulate changes in neutral and/or selection-driven genotypes through time as a function of individual-based movement, complex spatial population dynamics, and multiple and changing landscape drivers. Cost-Distance Meta-POPulation provides a novel tool for questions in landscape genetics by incorporating population viability analysis, while linking directly to conservation applications. C1 [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59846 USA. [Bearlin, Andrew] Seattle City Light, Environm Affairs Div, 700 5th Ave, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Day, Casey C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. [Dunham, Jason] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59846 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu FU Seattle City Light; NASA [NNX14AC91G] FX We thank Helen Neville, Dan Dauwalter, Seth Wenger, Robin Bjork, Harry Rich and Al Solonsky for fruitful discussions during model development. We thank the class members of FNR 691 from Purdue University and five anonymous reviewers for helpful manuscript comments. We thank Zack Holden for temperature data analysis contributions, for example, applications. We thank Lucas Nathan, Marco Alejandro Escalante, Paul Mayrand, Julian Whittische, and the 2014 and 2016 Distributed Graduate Seminar in Landscape Genetics group projects teams for beta testing. Funding for this research comes from Seattle City Light and NASA grant NNX14AC91G. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12608 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6CE UT WOS:000393305300001 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT Fleck, RJ Evarts, RC Calvert, AT AF Hagstrum, Jonathan T. Fleck, Robert J. Evarts, Russell C. Calvert, Andrew T. TI Paleomagnetism and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of the Plio-Pleistocene Boring Volcanic Field: Implications for the geomagnetic polarity time scale and paleosecular variation SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE Paleosecular variation; Paleomagnetism; Geochronology; Geomagnetic field; Lavas ID MATUYAMA-BRUNHES REVERSAL; COBB-MOUNTAIN; ALDER-CREEK; KAMIKATSURA EVENT; DECAY CONSTANTS; AGE; CALIBRATION; TIMESCALE; SANIDINE; STANDARD AB Paleomagnetic directions and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages have been determined for samples of lava flows from the same outcrops, where possible, for 84 eruptive units ranging in age from 3200 ka to 601 a within the Boring Volcanic Field (BVF) of the Pacific Northwest, USA. This study expands upon our previous results for the BVF, and compares the combined results with the current geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS). Lava flows with transitional directions were found within the BVF at the Matuyama-Brunhes and Jaramillo-Matuyama polarity boundaries, and replicate ages corresponding to these and other boundaries have been newly ascertained. Although the BVF data generally agree with GPTS chronozone boundaries, they indicate that onset of the Gauss-Matuyama transition and Olduvai subchron occurred significantly earlier than given in the current time scale calibration. Additional comparisons show that the BVF results are consistent with recent statistical models of geomagnetic paleosecular variation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hagstrum, Jonathan T.; Fleck, Robert J.; Evarts, Russell C.; Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 EI 1872-7395 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 262 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2016.07.008 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ5HM UT WOS:000393248400009 ER PT J AU Kimball, S AF Kimball, Suzette TI Collaborative Monitoring of US Coastal Water Levels SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kimball, Suzette] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kimball, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 58 IS 1 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA EJ3ZK UT WOS:000393151600009 ER PT J AU Limber, PW Adams, PN Murray, AB AF Limber, Patrick W. Adams, Peter N. Murray, A. Brad TI Modeling large-scale shoreline change caused by complex bathymetry in low-angle wave climates SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Coastal geomorphology; Shoreline change; Wave transformation ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; OBLIQUE SANDBARS; GRAVEL OUTCROPS; COASTAL REGIONS; NORTH-CAROLINA; COASTLINE; NEARSHORE; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY AB Coastlines where waves consistently approach at highly oblique angles experience anti-diffusional behavior, causing perturbations to grow seaward and form sand waves, capes, and spits. Coasts where waves approach at low offshore angles experience the opposite: perturbations diffuse and the coastline remains (or becomes) smooth. In this paper, by coupling a 2-D large-scale coastline evolution model to a spectral wave model, we show that anti-diffusional behavior is also possible in low-angle wave climates if the nearshore wave field is altered by complex bathymetry. In model simulations, low-angle waves refract over local shoals, creating a convergence in alongshore sediment flux behind the shoals that coalesces into small 'minor capes'. Depending on wave height and period, shoreline features take 80-400 years to reach.an equilibrium cross-shore relief of 1-1.5 km over an alongshore distance of similar to 20 km. The modeled equilibrium time scale is consistent with analytically-determined characteristic shoreline diffusion time scales, and the modeled cross-shore relief and aspect ratio are similar to observed 'minor capes' along the U.S. Atlantic Coast where offshore bathymetric anomalies have previously been linked to shoreline change patterns. Better understanding of the links among nearshore bathymetry, wave transformation, and alongshore sediment transport is critical to understanding shoreline change patterns at the local level and how they fit into broader, regional-scale behavior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Limber, Patrick W.; Adams, Peter N.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, 241 Williamson Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Murray, A. Brad] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Limber, PW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, 241 Williamson Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.; Limber, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM plimber@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1053033] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-1053033. We wish to thank Dylan McNamara, Andrew Whitley, two anonymous reviewers, and the OF High Performance Computing Center for providing additional insight and technical support. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 383 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.11.006 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI8VR UT WOS:000392786800004 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Williams, JC Drew, GS White, CM Sage, GK Talbot, SL AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Williams, Jeffrey C. Drew, Gary S. White, Clayton M. Sage, George K. Talbot, Sandra L. TI Legacy or colonization? Posteruption establishment of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) on a volcanically active subarctic island SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE colonization; dispersal; Falco peregrinus; genetic legacy; Kasatochi Island; peregrine falcon ID KASATOCHI VOLCANO; 2008 ERUPTION; MARINE BIRDS; POPULATION; ALASKA; RELATEDNESS; ECOSYSTEMS; MARKERS; MEXICO; LAND AB How populations and communities reassemble following disturbances are affected by a number of factors, with the arrival order of founding populations often having a profound influence on later populations and community structure. Kasatochi Island is a small volcano located in the central Aleutian archipelago that erupted violently August 8, 2008, sterilizing the island of avian biodiversity. Prior to the eruption, Kasatochi was the center of abundance for breeding seabirds in the central Aleutian Islands and supported several breeding pairs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus). We examined the reestablishment of peregrine falcons on Kasatochi by evaluating the genetic relatedness among legacy samples collected in 2006 to those collected posteruption and to other falcons breeding along the archipelago. No genotypes found in posteruption samples were identical to genotypes collected from pre-eruption samples. However, genetic analyses suggest that individuals closely related to peregrine falcons occupying pre-eruption Kasatochi returned following the eruption and successfully fledged young; thus, a genetic legacy of pre-eruption falcons was present on posteruption Kasatochi Island. We hypothesize that the rapid reestablishment of peregrine falcons on Kasatochi was likely facilitated by behavioral characteristics of peregrine falcons breeding in the Aleutian Islands, such as year-round residency and breeding site fidelity, the presence of an abundant food source (seabirds), and limited vegetation requirements by seabirds and falcons. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Drew, Gary S.; Sage, George K.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Williams, Jeffrey C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK USA. [White, Clayton M.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [White, Clayton M.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Brigham Young University FX U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Brigham Young University. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1002/ece3.2631 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EH9CO UT WOS:000392069500010 PM 28070279 ER PT J AU Boswell, R Schoderbek, D Collett, TS Ohtsuki, S White, M Anderson, BJ AF Boswell, Ray Schoderbek, David Collett, Timothy S. Ohtsuki, Satoshi White, Mark Anderson, Brian J. TI The Inik Sikumi Field Experiment, Alaska North Slope: Design, Operations, and Implications for CO2-CH4 Exchange in Gas Hydrate Reservoirs SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHIC TEST WELL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE-HYDRATE; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NANKAI TROUGH; CO2; SIMULATION; MODEL; LOG AB The Ignik Sikumi Gas Hydrate Exchange Field Experiment was conducted by ConocoPhillips in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, and the U.S. Geological Survey within the Prudhoe Bay Unit on the Alaska North Slope during 2011 and 2012. The primary goals of the program were to (1) determine the feasibility of gas injection into hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs and (2) observe reservoir response upon subsequent flowback in order to assess the potential for CO2 exchange for CH4 in naturally occurring gas hydrate reservoirs. Initial modeling determined that no feasible means of injection of pure CO2 was likely, given the presence of free water in the reservoir. Laboratory and numerical modeling studies indicated that the injection of a mixture of CO2 and N-2 offered the best potential for gas injection and exchange. The test featured the following primary operational phases: (1) injection of a gaseous phase mixture of CO2, N-2, and chemical tracers; (2) flowback conducted at downhole pressures above the stability threshold for native CH4 hydrate; and (3) an extended (30-days) flowback at pressures near, and then below, the stability threshold of native CH4 hydrate. The test findings indicate that the formation of a range of mixed-gas hydrates resulted in a net exchange of CO2 for CH4 in the reservoir, although the complexity of the subsurface environment renders the nature, extent, and efficiency of the exchange reaction uncertain. The next steps in the evaluation of exchange technology should feature multiple well applications; however, such field test programs will require extensive preparatory experimental and numerical modeling studies and will likely be a secondary priority to further field testing of production through depressurization. Additional insights gained from the field program include the following: (1) gas hydrate destabilization is self-limiting, dispelling any notion of the potential for uncontrolled destabilization; (2) gas hydrate test wells must be carefully designed to enable rapid reinediation of wellbore blockages that will occur during any cessation in operations; (3) sand production during hydrate production likely can be managed through standard engineering controls; and (4) reservoir heat exchange during depressurization was more favorable than expected mitigating concerns for near-wellbore freezing and enabling consideration of more aggressive pressure reduction. C1 [Boswell, Ray] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15129 USA. [Schoderbek, David] Conoco Phillips, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ohtsuki, Satoshi] Japan Oil Gas & Met Natl Corp, Chiba 2610025, Japan. [White, Mark] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schoderbek, David] BP Amer, Houston, TX USA. EM ray.boswell@netl.doe.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory; Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation through support of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc. FX The authors wish to acknowledge those many members of the ConocoPhillips team that designed and implemented the Ignik Sikumi field project. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory; The Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation through support of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; and ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 140 EP 153 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01909 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EI5SB UT WOS:000392553800012 ER PT J AU Washburn, KE Birdwell, JE Howard, JE AF Washburn, Kathryn E. Birdwell, Justin E. Howard, James E. TI Real-Time Specific Surface Area Measurement via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; VALIDATION; REGRESSION; SAMPLES; ARGON; SIZE AB From healthcare to cosmetics to environmental science, the specific surface area (SSA) of micro- and mesoporous materials or products can greatly affect their chemical and physical properties. SSA results are also widely used to examine source rocks in conventional and unconventional petroleum resource plays. Despite its importance, current methods to measure SSA are often cumbersome, time-consuming, or require cryogenic consumables (e.g, liquid nitrogen). These methods are not amenable to high-throughput environments, have stringent sample preparation requirements, and are not practical for use in the field. We present a new application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for rapid measurement of SSA. This study evaluates geological samples, specifically organic-rich oil shales, but the approach is expected to be applicable to many other types of materials. The method uses optical emission spectroscopy to examine laser-generated plasma and quantify the amount of argon adsorbed to a sample during an inert gas purge. The technique can accommodate a wide range of sample sizes and geometries and has the potential for field use. These advantages for SSA measurement combined with the simultaneous acquisition of composition information make this a promising new approach for characterizing geologic samples and other materials. C1 [Washburn, Kathryn E.] Ingrain Inc, 3733 Westheimer Rd, Houston, TX 77027 USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Howard, James E.] Conoco Phillips, 118 Geosci Bldg, Bartlesville, OK 74004 USA. EM Kathryn.washburn@nofima.no OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02698 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EI5SB UT WOS:000392553800044 ER PT J AU Galbraith, HS Blakeslee, CJ Schmucker, AK Johnson, NS Hansen, MJ Li, W AF Galbraith, H. S. Blakeslee, C. J. Schmucker, A. K. Johnson, N. S. Hansen, M. J. Li, W. TI Donor life stage influences juvenile American eel Anguilla rostrata attraction to conspecific chemical cues SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eel passage; life history; migration; pheromone ID EUROPEAN EEL; GLASS EELS; NOVA-SCOTIA; SEA LAMPREY; NEW-ZEALAND; SKIN MUCUS; COMMUNICATION; MIGRATION; WATER; ELVERS AB The present study investigated the potential role of conspecific chemical cues in inland juvenile American eel Anguilla rostrata migrations by assessing glass eel and 1year old elver affinities to elver washings, and elver affinity to adult yellow eel washings. In two-choice maze assays, glass eels were attracted to elver washings, but elvers were neither attracted to nor repulsed by multiple concentrations of elver washings or to yellow eel washings. These results suggest that A. rostrata responses to chemical cues may be life-stage dependent and that glass eels moving inland may use the odour of the previous year class as information to guide migration. The role of chemical cues and olfaction in eel migrations warrants further investigation as a potential restoration tool. C1 [Galbraith, H. S.; Blakeslee, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Schmucker, A. K.; Li, W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, N. S.; Hansen, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM hgalbraith@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Fisheries Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank D. Dropkin, J. Henry, M. Huertas, W. Lellis, G. Ricci and S. Weaver for assistance with maze construction, experimental design and data collection. We thank K. Whiteford and J. Devers for collection of experimental animals. We also thank A. Haro and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this study was supplied by the U.S. Geological Survey Fisheries Program. This paper is contribution 2076 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. Use of specimens was approved by the U.S. Geological Survey for the overarching study plan titled 'The role of chemical cues in guiding American eel migration', and an animal use exemption form was granted by the Michigan State University animal use and care committee because research was conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 90 IS 1 BP 384 EP 395 DI 10.1111/jfb.13190 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI3XY UT WOS:000392427500024 PM 27790718 ER PT J AU Ruskin, KJ Etterson, MA Hodgman, TP Borowske, AC Cohen, JB Elphick, CS Field, CR Kern, RA King, E Kocek, AR Kovach, AI O'Brien, KM Pau, N Shriver, WG Walsh, J Olsen, BJ AF Ruskin, Katharine J. Etterson, Matthew A. Hodgman, Thomas P. Borowske, Alyssa C. Cohen, Jonathan B. Elphick, Chris S. Field, Christopher R. Kern, Rebecca A. King, Erin Kocek, Alison R. Kovach, Adrienne I. O'Brien, Kathleen M. Pau, Nancy Shriver, W. Gregory Walsh, Jennifer Olsen, Brian J. TI Seasonal fecundity is not related to geographic position across a species' global range despite a central peak in abundance SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Latitudinal gradients; Fecundity; Species range; Biogeography; Ammodramus caudacutus ID SPARROW AMMODRAMUS-CAUDACUTUS; ANNUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; BIRDS; SELECTION; DENSITY; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION; UNDERSTAND AB The range of a species is determined by the balance of its demographic rates across space. Population growth rates are widely hypothesized to be greatest at the geographic center of the species range, but indirect empirical support for this pattern using abundance as a proxy has been mixed, and demographic rates are rarely quantified on a large spatial scale. Therefore, the texture of how demographic rates of a species vary over its range remains an open question. We quantified seasonal fecundity of populations spanning the majority of the global range of a single species, the saltmarsh sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus), which demonstrates a peak of abundance at the geographic center of its range. We used a novel, population projection method to estimate seasonal fecundity inclusive of seasonal and spatial variation in life history traits that contribute to seasonal fecundity. We replicated our study over 3 years, and compared seasonal fecundity to latitude and distance among plots. We observed large-scale patterns in some life history traits that contribute to seasonal fecundity, such as an increase in clutch size with latitude. However, we observed no relationship between latitude and seasonal fecundity. Instead, fecundity varied greatly among plots separated by as little as 1 km. Our results do not support the hypothesis that demographic rates are highest at the geographic and abundance center of a species range, but rather they suggest that local drivers strongly influence saltmarsh sparrow fecundity across their global range. C1 [Ruskin, Katharine J.; Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Climate Change Inst, 200 Clapp Greenhouse, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Hodgman, Thomas P.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bird Grp, 650 State St, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Borowske, Alyssa C.; Elphick, Chris S.; Field, Christopher R.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Conservat & Biodivers, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 75 North Eagleville Rd,U-43, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Cohen, Jonathan B.; Kocek, Alison R.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Kern, Rebecca A.; Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kern, Rebecca A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Edwin B Forsythe NWR, 800 Great Creek Rd, Galloway, NJ 08205 USA. [King, Erin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Div Nat Resources 5, Stewart B McKinney NWR, 733 Old Clinton Rd, Westbrook, CT 06498 USA. [Kovach, Adrienne I.; Walsh, Jennifer] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 46 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, 321 Port Rd, Wells, ME 04090 USA. [Pau, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Parker River Natl Wildlife Refuge, 6 Plum Isl Turnpike, Newburyport, MA 01950 USA. EM katharine.ruskin@maine.edu FU Competitive State Wildlife Grant via the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the states of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine [U2-5-R-1]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Department of Agriculture (National Institute of Food and Agriculture NH McIntire-Stennis Project) [225,575]; New York Department of Environmental Conservation [AM08634]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1340008]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME0-H-6-00492-12]; National Science Foundation; National Park Service Gateway Learning Center Fellowship; University of Maine; University of New Hampshire; University of Connecticut FX This work was primarily funded by a Competitive State Wildlife Grant (U2-5-R-1) via the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the states of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine. We received additional funding from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System), the United States Department of Agriculture (National Institute of Food and Agriculture NH McIntire-Stennis Project 225,575), the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (AM08634), and the National Science Foundation (DEB-1340008). This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, project number #ME0-H-6-00492-12. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3501. Graduate students were also funded in part by the National Science Foundation, the National Park Service Gateway Learning Center Fellowship, the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and the University of Connecticut. Thank you to our many collaborators, land owners who allowed access to the plots, and to the dozens of field technicians who helped to collect these data. We also thank BJ McGill for his help at various stages of writing this manuscript and MD Correll for the use of her map. Appropriate animal care was ensured by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Maine under approval A2011-04-02, University of New Hampshire under approvals 100605 and 130604, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry under approval 120101, University of Connecticut under approval A11-013, and the University of Delaware under approval AUP1157-2015-2. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS or any other funding agency. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2017 VL 183 IS 1 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s00442-016-3745-8 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI3LD UT WOS:000392391300024 PM 27718065 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Xin, XP Shao, QQ Brolly, M Zhu, ZL Chen, J AF Wang, Dongliang Xin, Xiaoping Shao, Quanqin Brolly, Matthew Zhu, Zhiliang Chen, Jin TI Modeling Aboveground Biomass in Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem by Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Discrete Lidar SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE UAV lidar; grasslands; canopy height; fractional cover; aboveground biomass ID WAVE-FORM LIDAR; SALT-MARSH; NORTHERN CHINA; SMALL-FOOTPRINT; CANOPY HEIGHT; POINT CLOUDS; TERRASAR-X; VEGETATION; FOREST; RESOLUTION AB Accurate canopy structure datasets, including canopy height and fractional cover, are required to monitor aboveground biomass as well as to provide validation data for satellite remote sensing products. In this study, the ability of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) discrete light detection and ranging (lidar) was investigated for modeling both the canopy height and fractional cover in Hulunber grassland ecosystem. The extracted mean canopy height, maximum canopy height, and fractional cover were used to estimate the aboveground biomass. The influences of flight height on lidar estimates were also analyzed. The main findings are: (1) the lidar-derived mean canopy height is the most reasonable predictor of aboveground biomass (R-2 = 0.340, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 81.89 g.m(-2), and relative error of 14.1%). The improvement of multiple regressions to the R-2 and RMSE values is unobvious when adding fractional cover in the regression since the correlation between mean canopy height and fractional cover is high; (2) Flight height has a pronounced effect on the derived fractional cover and details of the lidar data, but the effect is insignificant on the derived canopy height when the flight height is within the range (<100 m). These findings are helpful for modeling stable regressions to estimate grassland biomass using lidar returns. C1 [Wang, Dongliang; Xin, Xiaoping] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Natl Hulunber Grassland Ecosyst Observat & Res St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Dongliang; Shao, Quanqin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Brolly, Matthew] Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chen, Jin] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Xin, XP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Natl Hulunber Grassland Ecosyst Observat & Res St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM wangdongliang@caas.cn; xinxiaoping@caas.cn; shaoqq@igsnrr.ac.cn; M.Brolly@brighton.ac.uk; zzhu@usgs.gov; chenjin@bnu.edu.cn OI Brolly, Matthew/0000-0002-3576-9675 FU National Science Foundation of China [41471093, 41501416]; China Agriculture Research System [CARS-35]; National Key Technology RD Program [2013BAC03B02, 2013BAC03B04]; open foundation of Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping, and Geoinformation [PF2015-17] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the National Science Foundation of China (41471093; 41501416), China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35), National Key Technology R&D Program (2013BAC03B02; 2013BAC03B04), and open foundation of Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping, and Geoinformation (PF2015-17). The authors also thank their colleagues, particularly Xiulan Feng, for their valuable comments. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 AR 180 DI 10.3390/s17010180 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EJ2DV UT WOS:000393021000179 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JA Reddy, V Shepard, MK Thomas, C Cloutis, EA Takir, D Conrad, A Kiddell, C Applin, D AF Sanchez, Juan A. Reddy, Vishnu Shepard, Michael K. Thomas, Cristina Cloutis, Edward A. Takir, Driss Conrad, Albert Kiddell, Cain Applin, Daniel TI DETECTION OF ROTATIONAL SPECTRAL VARIATION ON THE M-TYPE ASTEROID (16) PSYCHE SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general; techniques: spectroscopic ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION; NEAR-EARTH; BELT; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; MIXTURES; SURFACES; BODIES AB The asteroid (16) Psyche is of scientific interest because it contains similar to 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt and is thought to be the remnant metallic core of a protoplanet. Radar observations have indicated the significant presence of metal on the surface with a small percentage of silicates. Prior ground-based observations showed rotational variations in the near-infrared (NIR) spectra and radar albedo of this asteroid. However, no comprehensive study that combines multi-wavelength data has been conducted so far. Here we present rotationally resolved NIR spectra (0.7-2.5 mu m) of (16) Psyche obtained with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. These data have been combined with shape models of the asteroid for each rotation phase. Spectral band parameters extracted from the NIR spectra show that the pyroxene band center varies from similar to 0.92 to 0.94 mu m. Band center values were used to calculate the pyroxene chemistry of the asteroid, whose average value was found to be Fs(30)En(65)Wo(5). Variations in the band depth (BD) were also observed, with values ranging from 1.0% to 1.5%. Using a new laboratory spectral calibration method, we estimated an average orthopyroxene content of 6% +/- 1%. The mass-deficit region of Psyche, which exhibits the highest radar albedo, also shows the highest value for the spectral slope and the minimum BD. The spectral characteristics of Psyche suggest that its parent body did not have the typical structure expected for a differentiated body or that the sequence of events that led to its current state was more complex than previously thought. C1 [Sanchez, Juan A.; Thomas, Cristina] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Reddy, Vishnu] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Shepard, Michael K.] Bloomsburg Univ, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Cloutis, Edward A.; Kiddell, Cain; Applin, Daniel] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Takir, Driss] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Conrad, Albert] Univ Arizona, LBT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sanchez, JA (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jsanchez@psi.edu OI Cloutis, Edward/0000-0001-7301-0929 FU NASA [NNX13AP27G, NNX12AG12G, NNX11AN84G]; IRTF TAC; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AF24G, NNX13AQ46G]; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Manitoba Research Innovations Fund; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Winnipeg FX This research work was supported by NASA Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program Grant NNX13AP27G, NASA NEOO Program Grant NNX12AG12G, and NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program Grant NNX11AN84G. We thank the IRTF TAC for awarding time to this project, and we thank the IRTF TOs and MKSS staff for their support. The IRTF is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science, Planetary Astronomy Program. Part of this work was done at the Arecibo Observatory, which is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968) and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez-Universidad Metropolitana and the Universities Space Research Association. The Arecibo Planetary Radar Program is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant Nos. NNX12AF24G and NNX13AQ46G, issued through the Near Earth Object Observations program. E.A.C. thanks the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Manitoba Research Innovations Fund, the Canadian Space Agency, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the University of Winnipeg for supporting the establishment and ongoing operation of the University of Winnipeg's Planetary Spectrophotometer Facility. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for their comments, which helped improve the manuscript. We also thank Kim Tait and Ian Nicklin from the Royal Ontario Museum for providing a suite of mesosiderite samples for this study. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 153 IS 1 AR 29 DI 10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/29 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EH8LJ UT WOS:000392023200002 ER PT J AU Takir, D Reddy, V Sanchez, JA Shepard, MK Emery, JP AF Takir, Driss Reddy, Vishnu Sanchez, Juan A. Shepard, Michael K. Emery, Joshua P. TI DETECTION OF WATER AND/OR HYDROXYL ON ASTEROID (16) Psyche SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE minor planets; asteroids: general ID MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; THERMAL-MODEL; CERES; HYDRATION; SURFACE; MOON AB In order to search for evidence of hydration on M-type asteroid (16) Psyche, we observed this object in the 3 mu m spectral region using the long-wavelength cross-dispersed (LXD: 1.9-4.2 mu m) mode of the SpeX spectrograph/imager at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. Our observations show that Psyche exhibits a 3 mu m absorption feature, attributed to water or hydroxyl. The 3 m absorption feature is consistent with the hydration features found on the surfaces of water-rich asteroids, attributed to OH- and/or H2O-bearing phases (phyllosilicates). The detection of a 3 mu m hydration absorption band on Psyche suggests that this asteroid may not be a. metallic core, or it could be a metallic core that has been impacted by carbonaceous material over the past 4.5 Gyr. Our results also indicate rotational spectral variations, which we suggest reflect heterogeneity in the metal/silicate ratio on the surface of Psyche. C1 [Takir, Driss] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Reddy, Vishnu] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sanchez, Juan A.] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Shepard, Michael K.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, 400 E Second St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Emery, Joshua P.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Takir, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dtakir@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNH14CK55B]; Eugene M. Shoemaker Postdoctoral Fellowship (NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program); NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grants [NNX14AN05G, NNX14AN35G]; NASA Solar System Observing grant [NNX16AE91G] FX We wish to thank NASA IRTF staff for their assistance with asteroid observations. NASA IRTF is operated by the University of Hawai'i under contract NNH14CK55B with NASA. We are grateful for the thoughtful and excellent review by an anonymous reviewer. D.T.'s contribution to this work was funded by Eugene M. Shoemaker Postdoctoral Fellowship (NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program). Work by V.R. and J.A.S. was funded by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grants NNX14AN05G and NNX14AN35G. J.P. E.'s contribution to this work was funded by NASA Solar System Observing grant NNX16AE91G. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 153 IS 1 AR 31 DI 10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/31 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EH8LJ UT WOS:000392023200004 ER PT J AU Wade, AA Hand, BK Kovach, RP Muhlfeld, CC Waples, RS Luikart, G AF Wade, Alisa A. Hand, Brian K. Kovach, Ryan P. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Waples, Robin S. Luikart, Gordon TI Assessments of species' vulnerability to climate change: from pseudo to science SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Conservation; Prioritization; Rigor; Uncertainty ID CONSERVATION; EVOLUTIONARY; INDICATORS; SCENARIOS; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are important tools to plan for and mitigate potential impacts of climate change. However, CCVAs often lack scientific rigor, which can ultimately lead to poor conservation prioritization and associated ecological and economic costs. We discuss the need to improve comparability and consistency of CCVAs and either validate their findings or improve assessment of CCVA uncertainty and sensitivity to methodological assumptions. C1 [Wade, Alisa A.; Hand, Brian K.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Wade, AA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM alisa.wade@umontana.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration ROSES Grant [12-ECOF12-0055]; US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship; National Science Foundation [DEB 1258203]; Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center FX Helpful comments on earlier drafts were provided by T. Beechie, G. Chong, and P. Cross. This work was funded by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration ROSES Grant 12-ECOF12-0055. A US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship partially supported RPK. GL and RPK were also partially supported by National Science Foundation-DEB 1258203. BKH received support from the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10531-016-1232-5 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI0TC UT WOS:000392186600013 ER PT J AU Burnett, JL Roberts, CP Allen, CR Brown, MB Moulton, MP AF Burnett, J. L. Roberts, C. P. Allen, C. R. Brown, M. B. Moulton, M. P. TI Range expansion by Passer montanus in North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Passer montanus; Range expansion; Spread; Non-indigenous; Christmas Bird Count ID PLANT INVASIONS; TRENDS AB Passer montanus became established in a small area of central North America following its introduction in 1870. P. montanus underwent minimal range expansion in the first 100 years following introduction. However, the North American population of P. montanus is now growing in size and expanding in geographic distribution, having expanded approximately 125 km to the north by 1970. We quantify the distance of spread by P. montanus from its introduction site in the greater St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois, USA area, using distributional (presence) data from the National Audubon Society Christmas Bird Count surveys for the period of 1951 to 2014. Linear regressions of the average annual range center of P. montanus confirmed significant shifts to the north at a rate of 3.3 km/year (P < 0.001) km/year. Linear regressions of the linear and angular distance of range center indicates significant northern movement (change in angle of mean range center; P < 0.001) since 1951. Our results quantify the extent of a northward range expansion, and suggesting a probable spread of this species northward. C1 [Burnett, J. L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Roberts, C. P.] Dept Agron & Hort, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Allen, C. R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Brown, M. B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Moulton, M. P.] Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Burnett, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jburnett@huskers.unl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to the volunteers of the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count and to the National Audubon Society for making their extensive data available for use. We thank D. U. Greene, N. B. Price and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2017 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1273-4 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI0TN UT WOS:000392187700002 ER PT J AU Leopold, CR Hess, SC AF Leopold, Christina R. Hess, Steven C. TI Conversion of native terrestrial ecosystems in Hawai'i to novel grazing systems: a review SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem; Fire; Grazing; Hawai'i; Herbivory; Invasive plants; Nutrient cycling; Unassisted recovery; Ungulates ID VOLCANOS-NATIONAL-PARK; SEASONAL SUBMONTANE ZONE; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; FERAL PIG REMOVAL; MAUNA-KEA; PLANT INVASIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; PENNISETUM-SETACEUM; UNGULATE EXCLUSION; GLOBAL CHANGE AB The remote oceanic islands of Hawai'i exemplify the transformative effects that non-native herbivorous mammals can bring to isolated terrestrial ecosystems. We reviewed published literature containing systematically collected, analyzed, and peer-reviewed original data specifically addressing direct effects of non-native hoofed mammals (ungulates) on terrestrial ecosystems, and indirect effects and interactions on ecosystem processes in Hawai'i. The effects of ungulates on native vegetation and ecosystems were addressed in 58 original studies and mostly showed strong short-term regeneration of dominant native trees and understory ferns after ungulate removal, but unassisted recovery was dependent on the extent of previous degradation. Ungulates were associated with herbivory, bark-stripping, disturbance by hoof action, soil erosion, enhanced nutrient cycling from the interaction of herbivory and grasses, and increased pyrogenicity and competition between native plants and pasture grasses. No studies demonstrated that ungulates benefitted native ecosystems except in short-term fire-risk reduction. However, non-native plants became problematic and continued to proliferate after release from herbivory, including at least 11 species of non-native pasture grasses that had become established prior to ungulate removal. Competition from non-native grasses inhibited native species regeneration where degradation was extensive. These processes have created novel grazing systems which, in some cases, have irreversibly altered Hawaii's terrestrial ecology. Non-native plant control and outplanting of rarer native species will be necessary for recovery where degradation has been extensive. Lack of unassisted recovery in some locations should not be construed as a reason to not attempt restoration of other ecosystems. C1 [Leopold, Christina R.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Hess, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Lauea Field Stn, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Lauea Field Stn, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM shess@usgs.gov FU USGS Invasive Species Program FX The USGS Invasive Species Program funded this work. We thank reviewers for many helpful comments. Any use of product or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply US Government endorsement. NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2017 VL 19 IS 1 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1270-7 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI0TN UT WOS:000392187700012 ER PT J AU Oliphant, AJ Wynne, RH Zipper, CE Ford, WM Donovan, PF Li, J AF Oliphant, Adam J. Wynne, R. H. Zipper, C. E. Ford, W. M. Donovan, P. F. Li, Jing TI Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) presence and proliferation on former surface coal mines in Eastern USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Afforestation; Ecosystem recovery; Landsat; Alien plants; Exotic plants; Invasive plants; Remote sensing; Forestry; OLI ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; INVASIVE PLANTS; SEED DISPERSAL; UNITED-STATES; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL; SOUTHEASTERN OHIO AB Invasive plants threaten native plant communities. Surface coal mines in the Appalachian Mountains are among the most disturbed landscapes in North America, but information about land cover characteristics of Appalachian mined lands is lacking. The invasive shrub autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) occurs on these sites and interferes with ecosystem recovery by outcompeting native trees, thus inhibiting re-establishment of the native woody-plant community. We analyzed Landsat 8 satellite imagery to describe autumn olive's distribution on post-mined lands in southwestern Virginia within the Appalachian coalfield. Eight images from April 2013 through January 2015 served as input data. Calibration and validation data obtained from high-resolution aerial imagery were used to develop a land cover classification model that identified areas where autumn olive was a primary component of land cover. Results indicate that autumn olive cover was sufficiently dense to enable detection on approximately 12.6 % of post-mined lands within the study area. The classified map had user's and producer's accuracies of 85.3 and 78.6 %, respectively, for the autumn olive coverage class. Overall accuracy was assessed in reference to an independent validation dataset at 96.8 %. Autumn olive was detected more frequently on mines disturbed prior to 2003, the last year of known plantings, than on lands disturbed by more recent mining. These results indicate that autumn olive growing on reclaimed coal mines in Virginia and elsewhere in eastern USA can be mapped using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager imagery; and that autumn olive occurrence is a significant landscape vegetation feature on former surface coal mines in the southwestern Virginia segment of the Appalachian coalfield. C1 [Oliphant, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wynne, R. H.] Virginia Tech, Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zipper, C. E.; Donovan, P. F.] Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ford, W. M.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Li, Jing] China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Zipper, CE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM czip@vt.edu FU Virginia Department of Forestry and Working Lands LLC; US Geological Survey Grant [G12PC00073]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); McIntire-Stennis Program of NIFA, USDA [1007054] FX We thank the Virginia Department of Forestry and Working Lands LLC for providing the funding for this study. Additional support was provided by US Geological Survey Grant G12PC00073, "Making Multitemporal Work", Richard Davis, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, provided invaluable advice and assistance including identification of field sites with autumn olive coverage. Funding for C.E. Zipper's participation was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Funding for R.H. Wynne's participation was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the McIntire-Stennis Program of NIFA, USDA (Project Number 1007054, "Detecting and Forecasting the Consequences of Subtle and Gross Disturbance on Forest Carbon Cycling"). The use of any trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2017 VL 19 IS 1 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1271-6 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI0TN UT WOS:000392187700013 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ AF Schmitt, Christopher J. TI Untitled SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MERCURY; SOILS; RANGES; WATER; LEAD C1 [Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s00128-016-2003-4 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EI2MK UT WOS:000392321300001 PM 28032135 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Ramirez, C Conway, S Kennedy, K Kohler, T Liu, JX AF Huang, Shengli Ramirez, Carlos Conway, Scott Kennedy, Kama Kohler, Tanya Liu, Jinxun TI Mapping site index and volume increment from forest inventory, Landsat, and ecological variables in Tahoe National Forest, California, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE site index; mean annual increment; timber productivity; remote sensing; Sierra Nevada ID CLIMATE VARIABLES; SATELLITE IMAGERY; CARBON BALANCE; PRODUCTIVITY; MODEL; SPRUCE; PINE; SOIL; PREDICTION; PACIFIC AB High-resolution site index (SI) and mean annual increment (MAI) maps are desired for local forest management. We integrated field inventory, Landsat, and ecological variables to produce 30 m SI and MAI maps for the Tahoe National Forest (TNF) where different tree species coexist. We converted species-specific SI using adjustment factors. Then, the SI map was produced by (i) intensifying plots to expand the training sets to more climatic, topographic, soil, and forest reflective classes, (ii) using results from a stepwise regression to enable a weighted imputation that minimized the effects of outlier plots within classes, and (iii) local interpolation and strata median filling to assign values to pixels without direct imputations. The SI (reference age is 50 years) map had an R-2 of 0.7637, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 3.60, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.07 m. The MAI map was similarly produced with an R-2 of 0.6882, an RMSE of 1.73, and a MAE of 1.20 m(3).ha(-1).year(-1). Spatial patterns and trends of SI and MAI were analyzed to be related to elevation, aspect, slope, soil productivity, and forest type. The 30 m SI and MAI maps can be used to support decisions on fire, plantation, biodiversity, and carbon. C1 [Huang, Shengli; Ramirez, Carlos; Kennedy, Kama; Kohler, Tanya] US Forest Serv, USDA, Remote Sensing Lab, Reg 5,3237 Peacekeeper Way,Suite 201, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. [Conway, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, Tahoe Natl Forest, 10811 Stockrest Springs Rd, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. [Liu, Jinxun] USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Huang, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Remote Sensing Lab, Reg 5,3237 Peacekeeper Way,Suite 201, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. EM shenglihuang@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank Kurt Campbell at U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station for helping with mean annual increment modeling and Christine Chu for improving the English. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 47 IS 1 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0209 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EH9MP UT WOS:000392095700014 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Mueter, FJ Bluhm, BA Busby, MS Cokelet, ED Danielson, SL De Robertis, A Eisner, LB Farley, EV Iken, K Kuletz, KJ Lauth, RR Logerwell, EA Pinchuk, AI AF Sigler, Michael F. Mueter, Franz J. Bluhm, Bodil A. Busby, Morgan S. Cokelet, Edward D. Danielson, Seth L. De Robertis, Alex Eisner, Lisa B. Farley, Edward V. Iken, Katrin Kuletz, Kathy J. Lauth, Robert R. Logerwell, Elizabeth A. Pinchuk, Alexei I. TI Late summer zoogeography of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Zoogeography; Zooplankton; Fishes; Invertebrates; Seabirds ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BENTHIC ECOLOGY; LEAST AUKLETS; MARINE BIRDS; ZOOPLANKTON AB Ocean currents, water masses, and seasonal sea ice formation contribute to determining relationships among the biota of the Bering and Chukchi seas. The Bering Sea communicates with the Chukchi Sea via northward advection of water, nutrients, organic matter, and plankton through Bering Strait. We used data from concurrent surveys of zooplankton, pelagic fishes and jellyfish, epibenthic fishes and invertebrates, and seabirds to identify faunal distribution patterns and environmental factors that are related to these faunal distributions within the US portions of the Chukchi Sea shelf and Bering Sea shelf north of Nunivak Island. Regional differences in late summer (August-September) distributions of biota largely reflected the underlying hydrography. Depth, temperature, salinity, stratification, and chlorophyll a, but less so sediment-related or nutrient-related factors, were related to the distributions of the assemblages (zooplanlcton: depth, salinity, stratification; pelagic fishes and jellyfish: depth, stratification, chlorophyll a; epibenthic fishes and invertebrates: depth, temperature, salinity; seabirds: temperature, salinity, stratification). These six environmental factors that most influenced distributions of zooplankton, pelagic fishes/jellyfish, epibenthic fishes and invertebrate, and seabird assemblages likely can be simplified to three factors reflecting bottom depth, water mass, and their stratification and productivity (which are tightly linked in the study region). The assemblages were principally structured from nearshore to offshore and from south to north. The nearshore to offshore contrast usually was stronger in the south, where the enormous discharge of the Yukon River is more apparent and extends farther offshore, influencing zooplankton, pelagic fish/jellyfish, and seabird assemblages. Some assemblages overlapped spatially (e.g., seabird and zooplankton), indicating shared influential environmental factors or trophic linkages among assemblages. The gradients in assemblage composition were gradual for epibenthic taxa, abrupt for zooplankton taxa, and intermediate for pelagic fish/jellyfish and seabird taxa, implying that zooplankton assemblage structure is most strongly tied to water mass, epibenthic least, with the other two taxa intermediates. Three communities (i.e., cross-assemblage groupings) emerged based on maps of ordination axes and core use areas by taxa; one associated with Alaska Coastal Water (warmer, fresher, nutrient depauperate), second associated with Chirikov Basin and the southern Chukchi Sea (colder, saltier, nutrient rich), and third associated with the northern Chukchi shelf (colder and saltier but not as nutrient rich). Gradients in species composition occurred both within and between these communities. The Chirikov Basin/southern Chukchi Sea community was characterized by distinct zooplankton and seabird taxa, but was not strongly associated with distinct pelagic or epibenthic fish and invertebrate taxa. Although comprehensive data were only available for a single year and annual variation may affect the generality of our results, our comprehensive ecosystem survey approach yielded new insights into the ecological relationships (specifically, gradients in assemblage composition and identification of communities) of this Arctic region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Mueter, Franz J.; Bluhm, Bodil A.; Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17103 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bluhm, Bodil A.] Univ Tromso, POB 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Busby, Morgan S.; De Robertis, Alex; Eisner, Lisa B.; Lauth, Robert R.; Logerwell, Elizabeth A.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA. [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Oceans & Atmospher Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Danielson, Seth L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service); University of Alaska Fairbanks [10-CIAP-010 F12AF00188, M12AC00009]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [M12PG00018]; Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [M10PG00050] FX This project was funded through the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (10-CIAP-010 F12AF00188), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Agreement number M12AC00009), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Agreement number M12PG00018), and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Agreement Number M10PG00050). The seabird density estimates are archived in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/nppsd/index.php). NR 114 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 168 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.03.005 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500014 ER PT J AU Perry, LG Shafroth, PB Perakis, SS AF Perry, Laura G. Shafroth, Patrick B. Perakis, Steven S. TI Riparian Soil Development Linked to Forest Succession Above and Below Dams Along the Elwha River, Washington, USA SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dams; fluvial disturbance; forest stand age; geomorphic surfaces; nitrogen cycling; nutrient concentrations; nutrient pools; riparian forest communities; soil texture; succession ID OREGON COAST RANGE; WESTERN HEMLOCK; DOUGLAS-FIR; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DRYLAND RIVER; BIGLEAF MAPLE; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONIFEROUS FOREST AB Riparian forest soils can be highly dynamic, due to frequent fluvial disturbance, erosion, and sediment deposition, but effects of dams on riparian soils are poorly understood. We examined soils along toposequences within three river segments located upstream, between, and downstream of two dams on the Elwha River to evaluate relationships between riparian soil development and forest age, succession, and channel proximity, explore dam effects on riparian soils, and provide a baseline for the largest dam removal in history. We found that older, later-successional forests and geomorphic surfaces contained soils with finer texture and greater depth to cobble, supporting greater forest floor mass, mineral soil nutrient levels, and cation exchange. Forest stand age was a better predictor than channel proximity for many soil characteristics, though elevation and distance from the channel were often also important, highlighting how complex interactions between fluvial disturbance, sediment deposition, and biotic retention regulate soil development in this ecosystem. Soils between the dams, and to a lesser extent below the lower dam, had finer textures and higher mineral soil carbon, nitrogen, and cation exchange than above the dams. These results suggested that decreased fluvial disturbance below the dams, due to reduced sediment supply and channel stabilization, accelerated soil development. In addition, reduced sediment supply below the dams may have decreased soil phosphorus. Soil delta N-15 suggested that salmon exclusion by the dams had no discernable effect on nitrogen inputs to upstream soils. Recent dam removal may alter riparian soils further, with ongoing implications for riparian ecosystems. C1 [Perry, Laura G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, 1878 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Perry, Laura G.; Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Perry, LG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, 1878 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Perry, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM perryl@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Park Oriented Biological Support Program FX Financial support for this work was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey's Park Oriented Biological Support Program. We thank Olympic National Park for permission to sample within the park. Kurt Jenkins, USGS FRESC, provided the stable isotope samples. Hillary Eichler, Jennifer Lee, Shea McDonald, and Brittany Wilcox with the Peninsula College NSF REU program, and Steven Acker, Sarah Beldin, Cynthia Pritekel, and Jean Snyder assisted with sample collection. Christina Catricala assisted with sample analyses. Aaron Freeman produced Figure 1. Vanessa Beauchamp, Emily Bernhardt, and three anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 104 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10021-016-0080-1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI2KV UT WOS:000392317000013 ER PT J AU MacDonald, D Haines, ML Ingersoll, C AF MacDonald, Don Haines, Mary Lou Ingersoll, Chris TI In Memoriam: Edward R Long SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [MacDonald, Don; Haines, Mary Lou] MacDonald Environm Sci, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Ingersoll, Chris] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. RP MacDonald, D (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1002/ieam.1864 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EH9FW UT WOS:000392078100003 PM 27982535 ER PT J AU Mills, TJ Anderson, SP Bern, C Aguirre, A Derry, LA AF Mills, Taylor J. Anderson, Suzanne P. Bern, Carleton Aguirre, Arnulfo Derry, Louis A. TI Colloid Mobilization and Seasonal Variability in a Semiarid Headwater Stream SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; FRONT RANGE; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; PARTICLE MOBILIZATION; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BOREAL RIVER; SOIL; WATER; COLORADO AB Colloids can be important vectors for the transport of contaminants in the environment, but little is known about colloid mobilization at the watershed scale. We present colloid concentration, composition, and flux data over a large range of hydrologic conditions from a small watershed (Gordon Gulch) in the foothills of the Colorado Front Range. Colloids, consisting predominantly of Si, Fe, and Al, were present in most stream samples but were not detected in groundwater samples. Mineralogical and morphological analysis indicated that the colloids were composed of kaolinite and illite clays with lesser amounts of amorphous Fe-hydroxides. Although colloid composition remained relatively constant over the sampled flow conditions, colloid concentrations varied considerably and increased as ionic strength of stream water decreased. The highest concentrations occurred during precipitation events after extended dry periods. These observations are consistent with laboratory studies that have shown colloids can be mobilized by decreases in pore-water ionic strength, which likely occurs during precipitation events. Colloidal particles constituted 30 to 35% of the Si mass flux and 93 to 97% of the Fe and Al mass fluxes in the <0.45-mu m fraction in the stream. Colloids are therefore a significant and often overlooked component of mass fluxes whose temporal variations may yield insight into hydrologic flowpaths in this semiarid catchment. C1 [Mills, Taylor J.; Bern, Carleton] Denver Fed Ctr, USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Main Off, MS-415 Bldg 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mills, Taylor J.; Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Aguirre, Arnulfo; Derry, Louis A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 112 Hollister Dr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mills, TJ (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Main Off, MS-415 Bldg 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA.; Mills, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM millstj@colorado.edu FU US National Science Foundation, Geoscience Directorate, Earth Science Division FX This work was supported by funding from the US National Science Foundation, Geoscience Directorate, Earth Science Division. The authors thank Nathan Rock and Clayton Jensen for their efforts in field and laboratory work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 46 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.07.0268 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1UL UT WOS:000392271400011 PM 28177417 ER PT J AU Tanner, KC Windham-Myers, L Fleck, JA Tate, KW McCord, SA Linquist, BA AF Tanner, K. Christy Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Fleck, Jacob A. Tate, Kenneth W. McCord, Stephen A. Linquist, Bruce A. TI The Contribution of Rice Agriculture to Methylmercury in Surface Waters: A Review of Data from the Sacramento Valley, California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY METHYLATION; MANAGED WETLANDS; YOLO BYPASS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; INORGANIC MERCURY; REDUCING BACTERIA; GUIZHOU PROVINCE; RIVER-BASIN; PADDY SOIL; BIOACCUMULATION AB Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulative pollutant produced in and exported from flooded soils, including those used for rice (Oriza sativa L.) production. Using unfiltered aqueous MeHg data from MeHg monitoring programs in the Sacramento River watershed from 1996 to 2007, we assessed the MeHg contribution from rice systems to the Sacramento River. Using a mixed-effects regression analysis, we compared MeHg concentrations in agricultural drainage water from rice-dominated regions (AgDrain) to MeHg concentrations in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, both upstream and downstream of AgDrain inputs. We also calculated MeHg loads from AgDrains and the Sacramento and Feather Rivers. Seasonally, MeHg concentrations were higher during November through May than during June through October, but the differences varied by location. Relative to upstream, November through May AgDrain least-squares mean MeHg concentration (0.18 ng L-1, range 0.15-0.23 ng L-1) was 2.3-fold higher, while June through October AgDrain mean concentration (0.097 ng L-1, range 0.6-1.6 ng L-1) was not significantly different from upstream. June through October AgDrain MeHg loads contributed 10.7 to 14.8% of the total Sacramento River MeHg load. Missing flow data prevented calculation of the percent contribution of AgDrains in November through May. At sites where calculation was possible, November through May loads made up 70 to 90% of the total annual load. Elevated flow and MeHg concentration in November through May both contribute to the majority of the AgDrain MeHg load occurring during this period. Methylmercury reduction efforts should target elevated November through May MeHg concentrations in AgDrains. However, our findings suggest that the contribution and environmental impact of rice is an order of magnitude lower than previous studies in the California Yolo Bypass. C1 [Tanner, K. Christy; Tate, Kenneth W.; Linquist, Bruce A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] USGS, Western Reg Bur Reg Res, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fleck, Jacob A.] USGS, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [McCord, Stephen A.] McCord Environm Inc, 759 Bianco Ct, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tanner, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kctanner@ucdavis.edu FU California Rice Research Board; UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences; USGS FX Graduate research assistantship funding for K.C. Tanner was provided by the California Rice Research Board and the UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences. L. Windham-Myers and J.A. Fleck were funded by the USGS. Thanks to members of the Agroecosystems lab for encouragement and support. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 46 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.2134/jeq2016.07.0262 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1UL UT WOS:000392271400016 PM 28177412 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Lee, K Kim, YJ Sleeman, JM Lee, H AF Hwang, Jusun Lee, Kyunglee Kim, Young-Jun Sleeman, Jonathan M. Lee, Hang TI RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE, 1990-2015, ON WILDLIFE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Epidemiology; highly pathogenic avian influenza; literature review; rabies; Republic of Korea; wildlife diseases ID DEER HYDROPOTES-INERMIS; DOGS NYCTEREUTES-PROCYONOIDES; ZOONOTIC TREMATODE METACERCARIAE; BOARS SUS-SCROFA; SOUTH-KOREA; WATER DEER; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA SYNDROME; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AB To assess the status of research on wildlife diseases in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to identify trends, knowledge gaps, and directions for future research, we reviewed epidemiologic publications on wildlife-associated diseases in the ROK. We identified a relatively small but rapidly increasing body of literature. The majority of publications were focused on public or livestock health and relatively few addressed wildlife health. Most studies that focused on human and livestock health were cross-sectional whereas wildlife health studies were mostly case reports. Fifteen diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health were identified and 21 diseases were identified as notifiable to either the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare or the Korea Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Two diseases were reported as occurring as epidemics; highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and virulent Newcastle disease. Six diseases or disease agents were described in the literature as emerging including HPAI, rabies, Babesia microti, avian coronaviruses, scrub typhus, and severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. The diseases for which there were the largest number of publications were HPAI and rabies. The majority of wildlife-associated zoonotic disease publications focused on food-borne parasitic infections or rodent-associated diseases. Several publications focused on the potential of wildlife as reservoirs of livestock diseases; in particular, Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). In contrast, there were few publications on diseases of concern for wildlife populations or research to understand the impacts of these diseases for wildlife management. Increased focus on prospective studies would enhance understanding of disease dynamics in wildlife populations. For the high-consequence diseases that impact multiple sectors, a One Health approach, with coordination among the public health, agricultural, and environmental sectors, would be important. This type of review can provide useful information for countries or regions planning or implementing national wildlife health programs. C1 [Hwang, Jusun; Sleeman, Jonathan M.; Lee, Hang] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Conservat Genome Resource Bank Korean Wildlife, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea. [Hwang, Jusun; Sleeman, Jonathan M.; Lee, Hang] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Vet Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea. [Lee, Kyunglee] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Cetacean Res Inst, Ulsan 680050, South Korea. [Kim, Young-Jun] Natl Inst Ecol, Dept Vet Med, Geumgangro 1210, Seocheon Gun 325813, Chungnam Do, South Korea. [Sleeman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Sleeman, JM (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Conservat Genome Resource Bank Korean Wildlife, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Sleeman, JM (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Vet Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Sleeman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jsleeman@usgs.gov FU USGS; Brain Pool Program of the Korean Federation for Science and Technology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research; National Institute of Fisheries Science [R2016029]; Ministry of Environment of Korea FX We thank Rachel Siddens and Kathy Wesenberg from the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Wildlife Health Center and Bokyung Bang and Jiwon Lee from Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, for assistance with the literature search. We also thank Emily Lankau and Allegra Tennis for assistance in preparing this manuscript. This study was supported by the USGS, the Brain Pool Program of the Korean Federation for Science and Technology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, the National Institute of Fisheries Science (R2016029), and the Ministry of Environment of Korea. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.7589/2015-12-348 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EI3HL UT WOS:000392380700002 PM 27705103 ER PT J AU Grear, DA Dusek, RJ Walsh, DP Hall, JS AF Grear, Daniel A. Dusek, Robert J. Walsh, Daniel P. Hall, Jeffrey S. TI NO EVIDENCE OF INFECTION OR EXPOSURE TO HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZAS IN PERIDOMESTIC WILDLIFE ON AN AFFECTED POULTRY FACILITY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Highly pathogenic avian influenza; low pathogenic avian influenza; peridomestic wildlife; RT-PCR; serology ID A VIRUS; DISEASE PREVALENCE; BIRDS; MAMMALS; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; RESERVOIRS; RACCOONS; SUBTYPES; ASSAYS AB We evaluated the potential transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wildlife species in three settings in association with an outbreak at a poultry facility: 1) small birds and small mammals on a poultry facility that was affected with highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) in April 2015; 2) small birds and small mammals on a nearby poultry facility that was unaffected by HPAIV; and 3) small birds, small mammals, and waterfowl in a nearby natural area. We live-captured small birds and small mammals and collected samples from hunter-harvested waterfowl to test for active viral shedding and evidence of exposure (serum antibody) to AIV and the H5N2 HPAIV that affected the poultry facility. We detected no evidence of shedding or specific antibody to AIV in small mammals and small birds 5 mo after depopulation of the poultry. We detected viral shedding and exposure to AIV in waterfowl and estimated approximately 15% viral shedding and 60% antibody prevalence. In waterfowl, we did not detect shedding or exposure to the HPAIV that affected the poultry facility. We also conducted camera trapping around poultry carcass depopulation composting barns and found regular visitation by four species of medium-sized mammals. We provide preliminary data suggesting that peridomestic wildlife were not an important factor in the transmission of AIV during the poultry outbreak, nor did small birds and mammals in natural wetland settings show wide evidence of AIV shedding or exposure, despite the opportunity for exposure. C1 [Grear, Daniel A.; Dusek, Robert J.; Walsh, Daniel P.; Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Grear, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dgrear@usgs.gov OI Grear, Daniel/0000-0002-5478-1549; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU US Geological Service Ecosystems Mission Area FX We thank producers and landowners for their cooperation and for allowing access for sampling. We also thank the waterfowl hunters who allowed us to sample their harvested birds and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for their cooperation. We thank numerous National Wildlife Health Center staff for assistance in field activities and J. Teslaa and S. Nashold for performing the laboratory analyses. We also acknowledge M. Samuel and H. Ip for valuable input on the study plan and J.C. Franson and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on this manuscript. Funding was provided by the US Geological Service Ecosystems Mission Area. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.7589/2016-02-029 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EI3HL UT WOS:000392380700005 PM 27580267 ER PT J AU Ballard, JR Mickley, R Gibbs, SEJ Dwyer, C Soos, C Harms, NJ Gilchrist, HG Hall, JS Franson, JC Milton, GR Parsons, G Allen, B Giroux, JF Lair, S Mead, DG Fischer, JR AF Ballard, Jennifer R. Mickley, Randall Gibbs, Samantha E. J. Dwyer, Chris Soos, Catherine Harms, N. Jane Gilchrist, H. Grant Hall, Jeffrey S. Franson, J. Christian Milton, G. Randy Parsons, Glen Allen, Brad Giroux, Jean-Francois Lair, Stephane Mead, Daniel G. Fischer, John R. TI PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WELLFLEET BAY VIRUS EXPOSURE IN THE COMMON EIDER (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Common Eider; serology; seroprevalence; Wellfleet Bay virus AB Between 1998 and 2014, recurrent mortality events were reported in the Dresser's subspecies of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, US near Wellfleet Harbor. The early die-offs were attributed to parasitism and emaciation, but beginning in 2006 a suite of distinct lesions was observed concomitant with the isolation of a previously unknown RNA virus. This novel pathogen was identified as an orthomyxovirus in the genus Quaranjavirus and was named Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV). To assess evidence of exposure to this virus in Common Eiders, we conducted a longitudinal study of the prevalence of WFBV antibodies at multiple locations from 2004-14; we collected 2,258 serum samples from six locations and analyzed each using a microneutralization assay. Results corroborate the emergence of WFBV in 2006 based on the first detection of antibodies in that year. Significantly higher prevalence was detected in Common Eiders sampled in Massachusetts compared to those in Maine, Nova Scotia, and Que ' bec. For birds breeding and wintering in Massachusetss, viral exposure varied by age, sex, and season of sampling, and prevalence by season and sex were highly interrelated with greater numbers of antibody-positive males in the autumn and females in the spring. No evidence of viral exposure was detected in the Northern subspecies (Somateria mollissima borealis). Among the locations sampled, Massachusetts appears to be the epicenter of Common Eider exposure to WFBV. Further research is warranted to understand the factors controlling the epidemiology of WFBV in Massachussetts, including those that may be limiting geographic expansion of this virus. C1 [Ballard, Jennifer R.; Mead, Daniel G.; Fischer, John R.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ballard, Jennifer R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Hlth Off, Nat Resource Program Ctr, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Mickley, Randall] Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, 9 Main St Suite 1-M, Sutton, MA 01590 USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Hlth Off, Lower Suwannee Natl Wildlife Refuge, 16450 NW 31st Pl, Chiefland, FL 32626 USA. [Dwyer, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds Div, Reg 5,300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Soos, Catherine; Harms, N. Jane] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Pathol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Soos, Catherine] Environm Canada, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Gilchrist, H. Grant] Environm Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Milton, G. Randy; Parsons, Glen] Nova Scotia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, 136 Exhibit St, Kentville, NS B4N 4E5, Canada. [Allen, Brad] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, 650 State St, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Giroux, Jean-Francois] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, CP 8888,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Lair, Stephane] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, CP 5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Ballard, JR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Hlth Off, Nat Resource Program Ctr, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jennifer_ballard@fws.gov FU University of Georgia; Environment Canada and their Strategic Applications of Genomics in the Environment program; National Science and Engineering Council of Canada [STPGP-396972-2010]; Ducks Unlimited Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Conservation FX Thanks to the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Cooperative Agreement 91200-1-9711) and the state and federal natural resource agencies for their ongoing support of the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Thanks to David Stallknecht and the University of Georgia for additional funding through the Provost Summer Research Support Program. Canadian sampling efforts were funded through the generosity of Environment Canada and their Strategic Applications of Genomics in the Environment program, the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (STPGP-396972-2010), and the Ducks Unlimited Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Conservation. Thanks to Roy Berghaus of the University of Georgia for assistance with statistical analysis. In addition to the authors, technical assistance was graciously provided by Josh Beuth of the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management; Lucas Savoy, Dustin Meatty, and Bill Hanson of the Biodiversity Research Institute; Chris Cleveland of SCWDS; Bob Dusek, Diana Goldberg, Glenn Olsen, and Daniel McAuley of the US Geological Survey; Jon Einar Jonsson of the Snaefellsnes Research Centre - University of Iceland; the Mallory Laboratory of Acadia University; Wellfleet Harbor Masters David Rheault, Leonard Croteau, Michael Flanagan, and Ted Skiva; Michael O'Brien of the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources; Jason Taylor, Robert Cook, Mary Hake, Steve Glaser, and colleagues of the National Park Service; George Boyd; Jean Bedard of La Societe Duvetnor; and the dedicated crew members at each sampling location. Personal thanks to Glen Parsons, Randy Hicks, Lewis Mahon, Michael O'Brien, and Peggy Crawford for their generous hospitality. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.7589/2016-01-019 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EI3HL UT WOS:000392380700010 PM 27763829 ER PT J AU Jacques, CN Jenks, JA Klaver, RW Dubay, SA AF Jacques, Christopher N. Jenks, Jonathan A. Klaver, Robert W. Dubay, Shelli A. TI Associations among Habitat Characteristics and Meningeal Worm Prevalence in Eastern South Dakota, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Meningeal worm; Odocoileus virginianus; parasite; Parelaphostrongylus tenuis; South Dakota; wetland; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS NEMATODA; INFECTION; COVER AB Few studies have evaluated how wetland and forest characteristics influence the prevalence of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) infection of deer throughout the grassland biome of central North America. We used previously collected, county-level prevalence data to evaluate associations between habitat characteristics and probability of meningeal worm infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across eastern South Dakota, US. The highest-ranked binomial regression model for detecting probability of meningeal worm infection was spring temperature+summer precipitation+percent wetland; weight of evidence (w(i)=0.71) favored this model over alternative models, though predictive capability was low (Receiver operating characteristic=0.62). Probability of meningeal worm infection increased by 1.3- and 1.6-fold for each 1-cm and 1-C increase in summer precipitation and spring temperature, respectively. Similarly, probability of infection increased 1.2-fold for each 1% increase in wetland habitat. Our findings highlight the importance of wetland habitat in predicting meningeal worm infection across eastern South Dakota. Future research is warranted to evaluate the relationships between climatic conditions (e.g., drought, wet cycles) and deer habitat selection in maintaining P. tenuis along the western boundary of the parasite. C1 [Jacques, Christopher N.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Northern Plains Biostress Lab, North Campus Dr,Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sci 2 342, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dubay, Shelli A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Trainer Nat Resources Bldg,800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Jacques, Christopher N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Univ Circle, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Jacques, CN (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Northern Plains Biostress Lab, North Campus Dr,Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Jacques, CN (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Univ Circle, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM cn-jacques@wiu.edu FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Study 7592, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and South Dakota State University. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University. We thank S. Meagher and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.7589/2016-02-028 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EI3HL UT WOS:000392380700016 PM 27690195 ER PT J AU Sinai, NL Coates, PS Andrle, KM Jefferis, C Senties-Cue, CG Pitesky, ME AF Sinai, Nancy L. Coates, Peter S. Andrle, Katelyn M. Jefferis, Chad Senties-Cue, C. Gabriel Pitesky, Maurice E. TI A Serosurvey of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Nevada, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-grouse; infectious disease ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; PRAIRIE CHICKENS; POPULATION; HABITAT; BIRDS; INFECTION; FIRE AB To better understand the potential avian diseases in Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Great Basin in Nevada, US, we collected 31 blood samples March-April 2014 and tested for antibodies to eight viruses and two bacteria. Specifically, sera were tested for antibodies to avian leukosis virus type A, B, and J (ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-J, respectively), infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reticuloendothelial virus, avian influenza virus (AIV), West Nile virus, Pasteurella multocida (PM), and Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum. Serum antibodies against ALV-A and -B (1/31, 3%), ALV-J (5/31, 16%), PM (1/31, 3%), and AIV (2/31, 6%) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). While ELISA tests used have only been validated in domestic poultry, the serologic data should be used as a potential indicator of the range of bacterial and viral infectious agents that can infect the Greater Sage-grouse. C1 [Sinai, Nancy L.; Pitesky, Maurice E.] UC Davis Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Coates, Peter S.; Andrle, Katelyn M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Jefferis, Chad; Senties-Cue, C. Gabriel] Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Syst Turlock Branch, 1550 N Soderquist Rd,POB 1522, Turlock, CA 93274 USA. RP Pitesky, ME (reprint author), UC Davis Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mepitesky@ucdavis.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 136 EP 139 DI 10.7589/2015-10-285 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EI3HL UT WOS:000392380700017 PM 27705104 ER PT J AU Bagstad, KJ Semmens, DJ Ancona, ZH Sherrouse, BC AF Bagstad, Kenneth J. Semmens, Darius J. Ancona, Zachary H. Sherrouse, Benson C. TI Evaluating alternative methods for biophysical and cultural ecosystem services hotspot mapping in natural resource planning SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARIES; Cultural ecosystem services; Hotspot analysis; Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS); SolVES; Wilderness ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION GIS; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL HOTSPOTS; UNITED-STATES; VALUES; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; FORESTS; PREFERENCES; CHALLENGES AB Data for biophysically modeled and Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS)-derived cultural ecosystem services have potential to identify natural resource management synergies and conflicts, but have rarely been combined. Ecosystem service hot/coldspots generated using different methods vary in their spatial extent and connectivity, with important implications. We map biophysically modeled and PPGIS-derived cultural services for six U.S. national forests using six hot/coldspot delineation methods. We evaluate the implications of hotspot methods for management within and outside of designated wilderness areas. We used the ARIES and SolVES modeling tools to quantify four biophysically modeled and 11 largely cultural ecosystem services for six national forests in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. We mapped hot/coldspots using two quantile methods (top and bottom 10 and 33 % of values), two area-based methods (top and bottom 10 and 33 % of area), and two statistical methods (Getis-Ord Gi* at alpha = 0.05 and 0.10 significance level) and compare results within and outside wilderness areas. Delineation methods vary in their degree of conservatism for hot/coldspot extents and spatial clustering. Hotspots were more common in wilderness areas in national forests near the more densely populated Colorado Front Range, while coldspots were more common in wilderness areas in more urban-distant forests in northwest Wyoming. Statistical hotspot methods of intermediate conservatism (i.e., Getis-Ord Gi*, alpha = 0.10 significance) may be most useful for ecosystem service hot/coldspot mapping to inform landscape scale planning. We also found spatially explicit evidence in support of past findings about public attitudes toward wilderness areas. C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Semmens, Darius J.; Ancona, Zachary H.; Sherrouse, Benson C.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, MS 980,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, MS 980,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kjbagstad@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science program FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science program. Brian Voigt, Ferdinando Villa, James Reed, Gary Johnson, and students participating in a graduate-level ecosystem services modeling course taught in the University of Denver's Department of Geography in the fall of 2011 assisted with ARIES model development. We thank Jessica Clement for sharing survey data from the BT, PSI, and SNF national forests, and Stuart Cottrell, Mike Czaja, and Jessica Clement for their work in collecting survey data from the AR, MBR, and WR national forests. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0430-6 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EI2FG UT WOS:000392301500007 ER PT J AU Albanese, G Haukos, DA AF Albanese, Gene Haukos, David A. TI A network model framework for prioritizing wetland conservation in the Great Plains SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Hierarchy; Landscape resilience; Network analysis; Percolation; Playa wetland; Redundancy ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; PLAYA WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRAPH-THEORY; LAND-USE; HABITAT AVAILABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMPLEX NETWORKS AB Playa wetlands are the primary habitat for numerous wetland-dependent species in the Southern Great Plains of North America. Plant and wildlife populations that inhabit these wetlands are reciprocally linked through the dispersal of individuals, propagules and ultimately genes among local populations. To develop and implement a framework using network models for conceptualizing, representing and analyzing potential biological flows among 48,981 spatially discrete playa wetlands in the Southern Great Plains. We examined changes in connectivity patterns and assessed the relative importance of wetlands to maintaining these patterns by targeting wetlands for removal based on network centrality metrics weighted by estimates of habitat quality and probability of inundation. We identified several distinct, broad-scale sub networks and phase transitions among playa wetlands in the Southern Plains. In particular, for organisms that can disperse > 2 km a dense and expansive wetland sub network emerges in the Southern High Plains. This network was characterized by localized, densely connected wetland clusters at link distances (h) > 2 km but < 5 km and was most sensitive to changes in wetland availability (p) and configuration when h = 4 km, and p = 0.2-0.4. It transitioned to a single, large connected wetland system at broader spatial scales even when the proportion of inundated wetland was relatively low (p = 0.2). Our findings suggest that redundancy in the potential for broad and fine-scale movements insulates this system from damage and facilitates system-wide connectivity among populations with different dispersal capacities. C1 [Albanese, Gene] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 211 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Albanese, Gene] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, 211 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Albanese, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 211 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM albanese@ksu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative research Grant; National Science Foundation Macrosystems Grant [1240646]; Division of Biology at Kansas State University FX This study was funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative research and National Science Foundation Macrosystems (1240646) Grants administered through the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and Kansas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit. We gratefully acknowledge additional support provided by the Division of Biology at Kansas State University, S. K. Skagen, D. Hamilton, D. Manier, and L. Burris. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0436-0 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EI2FG UT WOS:000392301500009 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Timm, RM AF Woodman, Neal Timm, Robert M. TI A new species of small-eared shrew in the Cryptotis thomasi species group from Costa Rica (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) SO MAMMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; CentralAmerica; Cloud forest; Conservation; Morphology; Neotropics ID FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; SORICOMORPHA; INSECTIVORA; HONDURAS; CLIMATE AB We describe a new species of small-eared shrew, genus Cryptotis Pomel, 1848 (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), from near the community of Monteverde in the Tilaran highlands of northwestern Costa Rica. The new species is immediately distinguished from all other Costa Rican shrews its large size and long tail. Morphologically, it belongs to the Cryptotis thomasi group of small-eared shrews, a clade that is more typically distributed in the Andes Cordillera and other highland regions of northern South America. The new Costa Rican species and the Panamanian endemic Cryptotis endersi Setzer, 1950 are the only two members of this species group known to occur in Central America. Like most other members of the C. thomasi group for which the postcranial skeleton has been studied, the new species tends be more ambulatory (rather than semi-fossorial) when compared with other members of the genus. Our survey efforts over several decades failed to locate a population of the new species, and we discuss its conservation status in light of its limited potential distribution in the Tilaran highlands and the significant climatic change that has been documented in the Monteverde region during the past four decades. C1 [Woodman, Neal] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Timm, Robert M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2199-2401 EI 2199-241X J9 MAMMAL RES JI Mammal Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s13364-016-0289-6 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EI2NJ UT WOS:000392323900008 ER PT J AU Tornos, F Velasco, F Slack, J Delgado, A Gomez-Miguelez, N Escobar, J Gomez, C AF Tornos, Fernando Velasco, Francisco Slack, John F. Delgado, Antonio Gomez-Miguelez, Nieves Manuel Escobar, Juan Gomez, Carmelo TI The high-grade Las Cruces copper deposit, Spain: a product of secondary enrichment in an evolving basin SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article ID IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; STABLE-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; OXYGEN-ISOTOPES; CARBON-ISOTOPE; SULFUR ISOTOPE; GEOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; SUPERGENE ENRICHMENT; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS AB The Las Cruces deposit (Iberian Pyrite Belt) includes a large, high-grade cementation zone capped by unusual rocks that contain carbonates, galena, iron sulphides, and quartz. Between the Late Cretaceous(?) and Tortonian, the volcanogenic massive sulphides were exhumed and affected by subaerial oxidation that formed paired cementation and gossan zones. Onset of Alpine extension produced accelerated growth of the cementation zone along extensional faults, leading to formation of the high-grade copper ore at ca. 11 Ma. Later, replacement of the overlying gossan by sulphide- and carbonate-rich rocks beneath sealing marl sediments is thought to have involved microbial processes, occurring between the Messinian (ca. 7.2 Ma) and today. Isotope data show that the cementation zone formed by the mixing of descending acidic waters derived from oxidation of the massive sulphides, with upwelling geothermal waters flowing at temperatures above 100 A degrees C. The C, O, and Sr isotope values of the mineralization (Sr-87/Sr-86 0.7101-0.7104) and of the local groundwater (0.7102-0.7104) reflect equilibration with basement rocks, and indicate that influence on the ore-forming process by marl-equilibrated water (0.7091-0.7093) or Miocene seawater (0.7086-0.7092) was negligible. The high sulphur isotope values of the sulphides in the biogenic zone (most +19 to +24 aEuro degrees) are well above those of the primary sulphides (delta S-34 ca. -6.8 to +10.3 aEuro degrees) and likely reflect formation of the biogenic sulphides by reduction of aqueous sulphate in the groundwaters. Sulphur isotope values of the cementation zone (delta S-34 ca. -2.4 to +21.7 aEuro degrees) are also consistent with some contribution of sulphur from the biogenic reduction of aqueous sulphate. C1 [Tornos, Fernando] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4-5, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Velasco, Francisco] Univ Pais Vasco UPV EHU, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, Dept Mineral & Petrol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Delgado, Antonio] Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra CSIC UGR, Lab Biogeoquim Isotopos Estables, Avda Palmeras 4, Armilla Granada 18100, Spain. [Gomez-Miguelez, Nieves] C Diecinueve Octubre 13, Leon 24008, Spain. [Manuel Escobar, Juan; Gomez, Carmelo] Cobre Las Cruces SA, Seville 41860, Spain. RP Tornos, F (reprint author), Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4-5, Madrid 28850, Spain. EM f.tornos@csic.es RI Delgado, Antonio/F-6866-2011; OI Delgado, Antonio/0000-0002-7240-1570; Tornos, Fernando/0000-0002-3648-0427 FU Spanish project SEIDI CGL [2011-23207]; Basque Government [IT762-13 (GIC12/104)]; ProMine EU project [FP7-NMP-2008-LARGE-2 228559] FX This study was funded by the Spanish project SEIDI CGL 2011-23207 to FT and FV, the grant IT762-13 (GIC12/104) of the Basque Government to FV and, in its initial stages, by ProMine EU project FP7-NMP-2008-LARGE-2 228559. We would like to thank Cobre Las Cruces SA (First Quantum Minerals) for granting access to the open pit mine and allowing sampling of drill cores and waters. Special thanks are given to Ivan Carrasco, Juan Carlos Baquero, Antonio Francos, Jose Gomez, and Gobain Obejero for continuous support and sharing knowledge of the mine. We also acknowledge Carmen Conde, Cesar Menor, and Juan Carlos Videira for fruitful discussions and advice on the geology and mineralogy of the deposit. We additionally thank Carlos Ayora (CSIC), Baruch Spiro (Natural History Museum, London), and Ricardo Amils, Monika Oggerin, Nuria Rodriguez, and Enoma Omoregie (all Centro de Astrobiologia, CSIC-INTA) for comments and suggestions on geomicrobiology, Clemente Recio (Universidad de Granada) for help in the stable isotope data, and Terry Spell for suggestions on interpretation of the Ar-Ar ages. We are also indebted to the technicians from the laboratories (including Sgiker of the University of the Basque Country) for their help with the analyses presented in this research. Finally, we thank Erik Melchiorre, Albert Gilg, and Bernd Lehmann for the thoughtful review and editing of the manuscript. NR 172 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 52 IS 1 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s00126-016-0650-3 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EH9XX UT WOS:000392126400001 ER PT J AU Falkowski, MJ Evans, JS Naugle, DE Hagen, CA Carleton, SA Maestas, JD Khalyani, AH Poznanovic, AJ Lawrence, AJ AF Falkowski, Michael J. Evans, Jeffrey S. Naugle, David E. Hagen, Christian A. Carleton, Scott A. Maestas, Jeremy D. Khalyani, Azad Henareh Poznanovic, Aaron J. Lawrence, Andrew J. TI Mapping Tree Canopy Cover in Support of Proactive Prairie Grouse Conservation in Western North America SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eastern redcedar; encroachment; juniper; lesser prairie-chicken; mesquite; remote sensing; sage grouse ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; ELEVATION SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; JUNIPER ENCROACHMENT; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES; HERBACEOUS BIOMASS; HABITAT SELECTION; MESQUITE CONTROL; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BLUE MOUNTAINS AB Invasive woody plant expansion is a primary threat driving fragmentation and loss of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and prairie habitats across the central and western United States. Expansion of native woody plants, including conifer (primarily Juniperus spp.) and mesquite (Prosopis spp.), over the past century is primarily attributable to wildfire suppression, historic periods of intensive livestock grazing, and changes in climate. To guide successful conservation programs aimed at reducing top-down stressors, we mapped invasive woody plants at regional scales to evaluate landscape level impacts, target restoration actions, and monitor restoration outcomes. Our overarching goal was to produce seamless regional products across sociopolitical boundaries with resolution fine enough to depict the spatial extent and degree of woody plant invasion relevant to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) conservation efforts. We mapped tree canopy cover at 1-m spatial resolution across an 11-state region (508 265 km(2)). Greater than 90% of occupied lesser prairie-chicken habitat was largely treeless for conifers (<1% canopy cover), whereas > 67% was treeless for mesquite. Conifers in the higher canopy cover classes (16-50% and >50% canopy cover) were scarce (<2% and 1% canopy cover), as was mesquite (<5% and 1% canopy cover). Occupied habitat by sage-grouse was more variable but also had a relatively large proportion of treeless areas ((x) over bar = 71, SE = 5%). Low to moderate levels of conifer cover (1-20%) were fewer ((x) over bar = 23, SE = 5%) as were areas in the highest cover class (>50%; (x) over bar = 6, SE = 2%). Mapping indicated that a high proportion of invading woody plants are at a low to intermediate level. Canopy cover maps for conifer and mesquite resulting from this study provide the first and most geographically complete, high-resolution assessment of woody plant cover as a top-down threat to western sage-steppe and prairie ecosystems. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. C1 [Falkowski, Michael J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hagen, Christian A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Carleton, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Maestas, Jeremy D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. [Khalyani, Azad Henareh] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poznanovic, Aaron J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lawrence, Andrew J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Falkowski, MJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM M.Falkowski@colostate.edu FU Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA); US Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Utah Dept of Natural Resources Watershed Restoration Initiative; US Dept of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service's Conservation Effects Assessment Program FX This work was supported by multiple funding sources. Conifer mapping in the sage-grouse range was supported by a grant administered by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) with funding partners including the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Utah Dept of Natural Resources Watershed Restoration Initiative. Mesquite and conifer mapping in the lesser-prairie chicken range was supported via the US Dept of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service's Conservation Effects Assessment Program. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000003 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Prochazka, BG Ricca, MA Ben Gustafson, K Ziegler, P Casazza, ML AF Coates, Peter S. Prochazka, Brian G. Ricca, Mark A. Ben Gustafson, K. Ziegler, Pilar Casazza, Michael L. TI Pinyon and Juniper Encroachment into Sagebrush Ecosystems Impacts Distribution and Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avoidance; Bi-State Distinct Population Segment; Centrocercus urophasianus; conifer; demography; ecological trap; hazard ratio; resource selection; treatment ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; HABITAT SELECTION; WESTERN JUNIPER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; COMMON RAVENS; NORTH-AMERICA; FIRE; DISTURBANCE AB In sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems, encroachment of pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.; hereafter, "pinyon-juniper") trees has increased dramatically since European settlement. Understanding the impacts of this encroachment on behavioral decisions, distributions, and population dynamics of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and other sagebrush obligate species could help benefit sagebrush ecosystem management actions. We employed a novel two-stage Bayesian model that linked avoidance across different levels of pinyon-juniper cover to sage-grouse survival. Our analysis relied on extensive telemetry data collected across 6 yr and seven subpopulations within the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment (DPS), on the border of Nevada and California. The first model stage indicated avoidance behavior for all canopy cover classes on average, but individual grouse exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity in avoidance behavior of the lowest cover class (e.g., scattered isolated trees). The second stage modeled survival as a function of estimated avoidance parameters and indicated increased survival rates for individuals that exhibited avoidance of the lowest cover class. A post hoc frailty analysis revealed the greatest increase in hazard (i.e., mortality risk) occurred in areas with scattered isolated trees consisting of relatively high primary plant productivity. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence that local sage-grouse distributions and demographic rates are influenced by pinyon-juniper, especially in habitats with higher primary productivity but relatively low and seemingly benign tree cover. Such areas may function as ecological traps that convey attractive resources but adversely affect population vital rates. To increase sage-grouse survival, our model predictions support reducing actual pinyon-juniper cover as low as 1.5%, which is lower than the published target of 4.0%. These results may represent effects of pinyon-juniper cover in areas with similar ecological conditions to those of the Bi-State DPS, where populations occur at relatively high elevations and pinyon-juniper is abundant and widespread. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Prochazka, Brian G.; Ricca, Mark A.; Ben Gustafson, K.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Ziegler, Pilar] Bur Land Management, Sierra Front Field Off, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Off, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management; US Geological Survey; Sage Grouse Initiative FX Research was funded by the Bureau of Land Management, US Geological Survey, and Sage Grouse Initiative. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.09.001 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000004 ER PT J AU Prochazka, BG Coates, PS Ricca, MA Casazza, ML Gustafson, KB Hull, JM AF Prochazka, Brian G. Coates, Peter S. Ricca, Mark A. Casazza, Michael L. Gustafson, K. Benjamin Hull, Josh M. TI Encounters with Pinyon-Juniper Influence Riskier Movements in Greater Sage-Grouse Across the Great Basin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavioral change point analysis; Brownian Bridge Movement Model; Centrocercus urophasianus; juniper; pinyon ID BROWNIAN BRIDGE MOVEMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; LEKS IMPLICATIONS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; NORTH-AMERICA; SPACE USE; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB Fine-scale spatiotemporal studies can better identify relationships between individual survival and habitat fragmentation so that mechanistic interpretations can be made at the population level. Recent advances in Global Positioning System(GPS) technology and statistical models capable of deconstructing high-frequency location data have facilitated interpretation of animal movement within a behaviorally mechanistic framework. Habitat fragmentation due to singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla; hereafter pinyon) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma; hereafter juniper) encroachment into sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) communities is a commonly implicated perturbation that can adversely influence greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse) demographic rates. Using an extensive GPS data set (233 birds and 282,954 locations) across 12 study sites within the Great Basin, we conducted a behavioral change point analysis and constructed Brownian bridge movement models from each behaviorally homogenous section. We found the probability of encountering pinyon-juniper among adults was two and three times greater than that of yearlings and juveniles, respectively. However, the movement rate in response to the probability of encountering pinyon-juniper trees was 1.5 times greater for juveniles. Parameter estimates indicated a 6.1% increase in the probability of encountering pinyon-juniper coupled with a 6.2 km/hour increase in movement speed resulted in a 56%, 42% and 16% increase in risk of daily mortality, for juveniles, yearlings, and adults, respectively. The effect of pinyon-juniper encounters on survival was dependent on movement rate and differed among age class. Under fast speed movements (i.e., flight), mortality risk increased as encountering pinyon-juniper increased across all age classes. In contrast, slower speeds (i.e., average) yielded similar adverse effects for juveniles and yearlings but not for adults. This analytical framework supports a behavioral mechanism that explains reduced survival related to pinyon-juniper within sagebrush environments, whereby encountering pinyon-juniper stimulates riskier movements that likely increase vulnerability to visually acute predators. (C) 2017 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Prochazka, Brian G.; Coates, Peter S.; Ricca, Mark A.; Casazza, Michael L.; Gustafson, K. Benjamin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Prochazka, Brian G.; Hull, Josh M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Off, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Nevada Department of Wildlife; Nevada Sagebrush Ecosystem Program; California Department of Wildlife; Ormat Technologies; LS Power; Midway Gold; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; Sage-Grouse Initiative FX Data collection for this project was supported logistically and financially by multiple federal (Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service); state (Nevada Department of Wildlife, Nevada Sagebrush Ecosystem Program, California Department of Wildlife); and private (Ormat Technologies, LS Power, Midway Gold) cooperators. Funding for data analysis was provided by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center and the Sage-Grouse Initiative. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.07.004 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000005 ER PT J AU Boggie, MA Strong, CR Lusk, D Carleton, SA Gould, WR Howard, RL Nichols, C Falkowski, M Hagen, C AF Boggie, Matthew A. Strong, Cody R. Lusk, Daniel Carleton, Scott A. Gould, William R. Howard, Randy L. Nichols, Clay Falkowski, Michael Hagen, Christian TI Impacts of Mesquite Distribution on Seasonal Space Use of Lesser Prairie-Chickens SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avoidance; lesser prairie-chicken; mesquite; Prosopis glandulosa; resource utilization function; space use; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; WOODY PLANT ENCROACHMENT; SAND SHINNERY OAK; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; UNITED-STATES; SAGE-GROUSE; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; POPULATIONS AB Loss of native grasslands by anthropogenic disturbances has reduced availability and connectivity of habitat for many grassland species. A primary threat to contiguous grasslands is the encroachment of woody vegetation, which is spurred by disturbances that take on many forms from energy development, fire suppression, and grazing. These disturbances are exacerbated by natural- and human-driven cycles of changes in climate punctuated by drought and desertification conditions. Encroachment of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) into the prairies of southeastern New Mexico has potentially limited habitat for numerous grassland species, including lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). To determine the magnitude of impacts of distribution of mesquite and how lesser prairie-chickens respond to mesquite presence on the landscape in southeastern New Mexico, we evaluated seasonal space use of lesser prairie-chickens in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. We derived several remotely sensed spatial metrics to characterize the distribution of mesquite. We then used these data to create population-level resource utilization functions and predict intensity of use of lesser prairie-chickens across our study area. Home ranges were smaller in the breeding season compared with the nonbreeding season; however, habitat use was similar across seasons. During both seasons, lesser prairie-chickens used areas closer to leks and largely avoided areas with mesquite. Relative to the breeding season, during the nonbreeding season habitat use suggested a marginal increase in mesquite within areas of low intensity of use, yet aversion to mesquite was strong in areas of medium to high intensity of use. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate a negative behavioral response by lesser prairie-chickens to woody encroachment in native grasslands. To mitigate one of the possible limiting factors for lesser prairie-chickens, we suggest future conservation strategies be employed by land managers to reduce mesquite abundance in the southern portion of their current range. (C) 2017 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boggie, Matthew A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Strong, Cody R.; Lusk, Daniel] New Mexico State Univ, Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Carleton, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Coll Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Howard, Randy L.] Bur Land Management, Roswell, NM 88201 USA. [Nichols, Clay] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, TX 76006 USA. [Falkowski, Michael] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosystem Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hagen, Christian] Oregon State Univ, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Boggie, MA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM boggie@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico Cooperative Conservation Agreement (NM-CCA); New Mexico Bureau of Land Management; New Mexico State University FX This project was funded through grants from the New Mexico Cooperative Conservation Agreement (NM-CCA) administered by the Center for Excellence in Hazardous Materials Management in Carlsbad, New Mexico; the New Mexico Bureau of Land Management; and New Mexico State University. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.09.006 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000008 ER PT J AU Lautenbach, JM Plumb, RT Robinson, SG Hagen, CA Haukos, DA Pitman, JC AF Lautenbach, Joseph M. Plumb, Reid T. Robinson, Samantha G. Hagen, Christian A. Haukos, David A. Pitman, James C. TI Lesser Prairie-Chicken Avoidance of Trees in a Grassland Landscape SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eastern redcedar; habitat selection; lesser prairie-chicken; nest survival; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; woody encroachment ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NORTH-AMERICA; NEST SUCCESS; BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; EASTERN REDCEDAR; COVER GRADIENT; SAGE-GROUSE; HABITAT USE AB Grasslands are among the most imperiled ecosystems in North America. Reasons that grasslands are threatened include conversion to row-crop agriculture, fragmentation, and changes in fire regimes. The reduction of fire processes in remaining prairies has resulted in tree encroachment and establishment in grasslands, further reducing grassland quantity and quality. Grassland birds have been experiencing precipitous population declines in recent decades, commensurate with landscape changes to grasslands. The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Ridgway) is a declining species of prairie grouse of conservation concern. We used second-and third-order habitat selection metrics to test if female lesser prairie-chickens avoid grasslands where trees were present. Our results indicated that female lesser prairie-chickens selected habitats avoiding the nearest trees by 283 m on average, nearly twice as far as would be expected at random. Lesser prairie-chickens were 40 times more likely to use habitats with tree densities of 0 trees.ha(-1) than habitats with 5 trees.ha(-1). Probability of use indicated that lesser prairie-chickens were 19 times more likely to use habitats 1000 m from the nearest tree when compared with using habitats 0 m from the nearest tree. Nest survival was not affected at densities <2 trees.ha(-1); however, we could not test if nest survival was affected at greater tree densities as no nests were detected at densities >2 trees.ha(-1). Avoidance of trees could be due to perceived increased predation risk, reduced habitat quality, or a combination of these potentially confounding factors. Preventing further establishment and expansion of trees in landscapes occupied by lesser prairie-chickens could contribute to the continued persistence of the species. Additionally, restoring grasslands through tree removal may facilitate conservation efforts for grassland species such as the lesser prairie-chicken by improving habitat quality and promoting expansion of occupied range. (C) 2017 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lautenbach, Joseph M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Plumb, Reid T.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Montague, CA 96067 USA. [Robinson, Samantha G.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hagen, Christian A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvalis, OR 97331 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Pitman, James C.] Western Assoc Fish Agcy, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Pitman, James C.] Western Assoc Wildlife Agcy, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Pitman, James C.] Kansas Dept Wildlife Pk & Tourism, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Lautenbach, JM (reprint author), Sault Ste Marie Tribe Chippewa Indians, Inland Fish & Wildlife Dept, Marie, MI 49783 USA. EM joseph.lautenbach@gmail.com FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant [W-73-R]; US Geological Survey; USDept of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lesser Prairie-Chicken Initiative; Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism (Federal Assistance Grant) [KS W-73-R-3]; USDA Farm Services CRP Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation [7, KSCFWRU RWO 62] FX Research was funded by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant W-73-R; US Geological Survey; USDept of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lesser Prairie-Chicken Initiative; Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism (Federal Assistance Grant KS W-73-R-3); USDA Farm Services CRP Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation (12-IA-MRE CRP TA#7, KSCFWRU RWO 62). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. At the time of research, Pitman was the Small Game Program Coordinator, Kansas Dept of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, Emporia, KS 66801. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.07.008 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000009 ER PT J AU Donnelly, JP Tack, JD Doherty, KE Naugle, DE Allred, BW Dreitz, VJ AF Donnelly, J. Patrick Tack, Jason D. Doherty, Kevin E. Naugle, David E. Allred, Brady W. Dreitz, Victoria J. TI Extending Conifer Removal and Landscape Protection Strategies from Sage-grouse to Songbirds, a Range-Wide Assessment SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brewer's sparrow; conifer removal; sagebrush landscape protection; sagebrush sparrow; sage-grouse; sage thrasher ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SAGEBRUSH LANDSCAPES; SHRUBSTEPPE BIRDS; PASSERINE BIRDS; GAS EXTRACTION; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES AB Recent and unprecedented scale of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) conservation in the American West enables assessment of community-level benefits afforded to other sagebrush-obligate species. We use North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) count data and machine-learning to assess predictors influencing spatial distribution and abundance of three sagebrush-obligate songbirds (Brewer's sparrow [Spizella breweri], sagebrush sparrow [Artemisiospiza nevadensis], and sage thrasher [Oreoscoptes montanus]). We quantified co-occurrence of songbird abundance with sage-grouse lek distributions using point pattern analyses and evaluated the concurrence of songbird abundance within sage-grouse habitat restoration and landscape protection. Sagebrush land-cover predictors were positively associated with the abundance of each songbird species in models that explained 16-37% of variation in BBS route level counts. Individual songbird models identified an apparent 40% threshold in sagebrush land-cover, over which songbird abundances nearly doubled. Songbird abundances were positively associated with sage-grouse distributions (P < 0.01); range-wide, landscapes supporting > 50% of males on leks also harbored 13-19% higher densities of songbirds compared with range-wide mean densities. Eighty-five percent of the conifer removal conducted through the Sage Grouse Initiative coincided with high to moderate Brewer's sparrow abundance. Wyoming's landscape protection (i.e., "core area") strategy for sagegrouse encompasses half the high to moderate abundance sagebrush sparrow and sage thrasher populations. In the Great Basin half the high to moderate abundance sagebrush sparrow and sage thrasher populations coincide with sage-grouse Fire and Invasive Assessment Tool priorities, where conservation actions are being focused in an attempt to reduce the threat of wildfire and invasive plants. Our work illustrates spatially targeted actions being implemented ostensibly for sage-grouse largely overlap high abundance centers for three sagebrush obligate passerines and are likely providing significant conservation benefits for lesswell-known sagebrush songbirds and other sagebrush-associated wildlife. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. C1 [Donnelly, J. Patrick] Univ Montana, Intermt West Joint Venture, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Donnelly, J. Patrick] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Tack, Jason D.] Univ Montana, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Large Scale Wildlife Ecol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Sage Grouse Initiat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Allred, Brady W.] Univ Montana, Rangeland Ecol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dreitz, Victoria J.] Univ Montana, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dreitz, Victoria J.] Univ Montana, Conservat Biol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Donnelly, JP (reprint author), Univ Montana, 32 Campus Dr,FOR302, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM patrick_donnelly@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain Prairie Region 6 FX The US Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain Prairie Region 6 funded this research. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.10.009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000011 ER PT J AU Duvall, AL Metcalf, AL Coates, PS AF Duvall, Alison L. Metcalf, Alexander L. Coates, Peter S. TI Conserving the Greater Sage-Grouse: A Social-Ecological Systems Case Study from the California-Nevada Region SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; collaboration; cooperative conservation; endangered species management; human dimensions of natural resource management; resilience ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; LEKS IMPLICATIONS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RESILIENCE; FRAMEWORK; ECOSYSTEMS; PERSPECTIVE; ENGAGEMENT; UMBRELLA AB The Endangered Species Act (ESA) continues to serve as one of the most powerful and contested federal legislative mandates for conservation. In the midst of heated debates, researchers, policy makers, and conservation practitioners champion the importance of cooperative conservation and social-ecological systems approaches, which forge partnerships at multiple levels and scales to address complex ecosystem challenges. However, few real-world examples exist to demonstrate how multifaceted collaborations among stakeholders who share a common goal of conserving at-risk species may be nestedwithin a systems framework to achieve social and ecological goals. Here, we present a case study of Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) conservation efforts in the "Bi-State" region of California and Nevada, United States. Using key-informant interviews, we explored dimensions and drivers of this landscape-scale conservation effort. Three themes emerged from the interviews, including 1) ESA action was transformed into opportunity for system-wide conservation; 2) a diverse, locally based partnership anchored collaboration and engagement across multiple levels and scales; and 3) best available science combined with local knowledge led to "certainty of effectiveness and implementation"-the criteria used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service to evaluate conservation efforts when making listing decisions. Ultimately, collaborative conservation through multistakeholder engagement at various levels and scales led to proactive planning and implementation of conservation measures and precluded the need for an ESA listing of the Bi-State population of Greater Sage-grouse. This article presents a potent example of how a systems approach integrating policy, management, and learning can be used to successfully overcome the conflict-laden and "wicked" challenges that surround at-risk species conservation. (C) 2017 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Duvall, Alison L.] Intermt West Joint Venture, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Metcalf, Alexander L.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Duvall, AL (reprint author), Intermt West Joint Venture, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM ali.duvall@iwjv.org NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 70 SI SI BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH5NN UT WOS:000391820000014 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Converse, SJ Chandler, JN Crosier, AL Lynch, W Wildt, DE Keefer, CL Songsasen, N AF Brown, M. E. Converse, S. J. Chandler, J. N. Crosier, A. L. Lynch, W. Wildt, D. E. Keefer, C. L. Songsasen, N. TI Time within reproductive season, but not age or inbreeding coefficient, affects seminal and sperm quality in the whooping crane (Grus americana) SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE avian; male reproduction; seasonality; spermatozoa ID EUDYPTES-CHRYSOCOME-CHRYSOCOME; FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; EJACULATE QUALITY; DOMESTIC CAT; AVIAN SPERMATOZOA; MODEL SELECTION; GENETIC-MARKERS; SANDHILL CRANE; ANAS-ACUTA AB All living whooping cranes (Grus americana) are descended from 16 or fewer birds that remained alive in the early 1940s, a bottleneck that puts the species at potential risk for inbreeding depression. Although AI is commonly used in the management of the captive population of this species, little is known about seminal traits or factors affecting sperm quality in the whooping crane. In the present study, semen samples were collected from 29 adult males (age 3-27 years) during the early (March), mid (April) and late (May) breeding season over 2 consecutive years. The effects of donor age, time within reproductive season and level of inbreeding on seminal characteristics were analysed using regression and information-theoretic model selection. Only time within reproductive season significantly affected seminal traits, with total numbers of spermatozoa and proportions of pleiomorphisms increasing across the season. We conclude that, even with a highly restricted number of founders, there is no discernible influence of inbreeding (at the levels described) on sperm output or quality. Furthermore, although there is variance in seminal quality, the whooping crane produces significant numbers of motile spermatozoa throughout the breeding season, similar to values reported for the greater sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida). C1 [Brown, M. E.; Keefer, C. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, 1413 Anim Sci Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, M. E.; Crosier, A. L.; Lynch, W.; Wildt, D. E.; Songsasen, N.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Natl Zool Pk,1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Converse, S. J.; Chandler, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 2078 USA. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Natl Zool Pk,1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM songsasenn@si.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation FX The authors thank the Morris Animal Foundation for financial support and the crane crew (B. Clauss, B. A. Clauss, R. Doyle, S. Pegory, C. Shafer and A. Lopez) and veterinary staff at the PWRC for their dedication and for providing special assistance to conduct this study. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 EI 1448-5990 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2017 VL 29 IS 2 BP 294 EP 306 DI 10.1071/RD15251 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA EI0AT UT WOS:000392134500008 ER PT J AU Tanimoto, AM Hart, PJ Pack, AA Switzer, R Banko, PC Ball, DL Sebastian-Gonzalez, E Komarczyk, L Warrington, MH AF Tanimoto, Ann M. Hart, Patrick J. Pack, Adam A. Switzer, Richard Banko, Paul C. Ball, Donna L. Sebastian-Gonzalez, Esther Komarczyk, Lisa Warrington, Miyako H. TI Changes in vocal repertoire of the Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis, from past wild to current captive populations SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE 'alala; behavioural loss; bioacoustics; birdsong; corvid; Hawaii; vocalization ID BIRD SONG; EVOLUTION; DIALECTS; TRANSMISSION; MODULARITY; SPARROWS; HISTORY; CULTURE; CALLS AB For most avian species, social behaviour is critically important for survival and reproductive success. Many social behaviours in birds are culturally transmitted, and as bird populations decline across the globe, important elements of these behaviours may be lost. The Hawaiian crow or 'alala, Corvus hawaiiensis, is a socially complex avian species that is currently extinct in the wild. As in other oscine passerines, vocalizations in the 'alala may be culturally transmitted. We compared the vocal repertoire of three of the last four wild 'alala pairs from the early 1990s to three current captive pairs on the Island of Hawai'i to determine how acoustic behaviour has been affected by changes in their social and physical environment. Over 18 h of recordings from wild breeding pairs were analysed and compared with 44 h from captive breeding pairs. Calls were placed into five putative behavioural categories: (1) alarm, (2) territorial broadcast, (3) aggression, (4) submission and (5) courtship. There was little difference in the overall number and diversity of call types among wild versus captive birds. However, the repertoire was significantly different. Territorial broadcast calls, common components of the wild repertoire, were absent from the captive repertoire. In addition, wild birds had twice the number of alarm calls and had a higher call rate than captive birds. Our results show how socially learned behaviours may change over relatively short periods for an entire species. Understanding how the vocal repertoire and the functional context of vocalizations change may provide useful information for ongoing efforts to reintroduce the 'alala into the wild. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. C1 [Tanimoto, Ann M.; Hart, Patrick J.; Pack, Adam A.; Sebastian-Gonzalez, Esther] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Tanimoto, Ann M.; Hart, Patrick J.; Pack, Adam A.; Sebastian-Gonzalez, Esther] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Bioacoust Lab, LOHE, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Switzer, Richard; Komarczyk, Lisa] Zool Soc San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Ball, Donna L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hilo, HI USA. [Warrington, Miyako H.] St Georges Univ, Dept Biol Ecol & Conservat, True Blue, Grenada. RP Tanimoto, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM annmt@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [0833211]; Hawaii Audubon Society FX We thank the Zoological Society of San Diego for allowing us to carry out this study with their captive 'alala. We are also grateful to the staff of the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center, especially Rosanna Leighton and Bryce Masuda for their ongoing help and support. We also thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions to improve our manuscript. This work was partially funded through CREST award number 0833211 from the National Science Foundation and also by the Hawaii Audubon Society. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 123 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.017 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA EH5VK UT WOS:000391840900044 ER PT J AU Gibson-Reinemer, DK Ickes, BS Chick, JH AF Gibson-Reinemer, Daniel K. Ickes, Brian S. Chick, John H. TI Development and assessment of a new method for combining catch per unit effort data from different fish sampling gears: multigear mean standardization (MGMS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL SELECTION; LITTORAL-ZONE; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; CATCHABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Fish community assessments are often based on sampling with multiple gear types. However, multivariate methods used to assess fish community structure and composition are sensitive to differences in the relative scale of indices or measures of abundance produced by different sampling methods. This makes combining data from different sampling gears and methods a serious challenge. We developed a method of combining catch per unit effort data that standardizes catch per unit effort data across gear types, which we call multigear mean standardization (MGMS). We evaluated how well MGMS and other types of standardization reflect underlying community structure through a computer simulation that generated model riverine-fish communities and simulated sampling data for two gears. In these simulations, combining sampling observations from two gears with MGMS produced community structure estimates that were highly correlated with true community structure under a variety of conditions that are common in large rivers. Our simulation results indicate that the use of MGMS to combine data from different sampling gears is an effective data manipulation method for the analysis of fish community structure. C1 [Gibson-Reinemer, Daniel K.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. [Ickes, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Chick, John H.] Univ Illinois Urbana Campaign, Great Rivers Field Stn, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Alton, IL 62002 USA. RP Chick, JH (reprint author), Univ Illinois Urbana Campaign, Great Rivers Field Stn, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Alton, IL 62002 USA. EM chick@illinois.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. We thank Jennifer Sauer from the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center for editorial comments. Peter Minchin and Valerie Barko provided valuable input during the early development of the MGMS standardization method. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0003 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EH9ON UT WOS:000392100800002 ER PT J AU Richardson, DP Kohler, AE Hailemichael, M Finney, BP AF Richardson, David P. Kohler, Andre E. Hailemichael, Million Finney, Bruce P. TI The fate of marine-derived nutrients: tracing delta C-13 and delta N-15 through oligotrophic freshwater and linked riparian ecosystems following salmon carcass analog additions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; COPPER RIVER DELTA; PACIFIC SALMON; FOOD WEBS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; IDAHO STREAMS; CARBON AB The oligotrophic condition of salmon-bearing catchments in the Columbia River Basin is a potential limiting factor for the recovery of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). To address this issue, nutrient supplementation programs attempt to mitigate for reduced marine-derived nutrients (MDN). We examined the assimilation of MDN in the biota of tributaries of the Salmon River Basin, Idaho, USA, following the addition of salmon carcass analogs (SCA). We measured carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes from biofilm, macroinvertebrate, salmonid fish, and riparian vegetation samples and found significant N-15 enrichment and substantial assimilation of SCA material in all aquatic trophic levels and in riparian vegetation. Our results suggest that SCA are incorporated primarily through indirect pathways and provide a source of MDN to multiple trophic levels in freshwater and linked riparian ecosystems. C1 [Richardson, David P.; Kohler, Andre E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shoshone Bannock Tribes, POB 306, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. [Hailemichael, Million; Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Richardson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shoshone Bannock Tribes, POB 306, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. EM drichardson@sbtribes.com FU Bonneville Power Administration [2008-904-00] FX We thank Darron Willoughby and Ray Wadsworth, who provided valuable assistance during field data collections and sample processing. This manuscript benefitted from subject-specific comments provided by Robert Griswold, Greg Mladenka, Melissa Evans, and Bill Davidson, as well as constructive comments from the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by Bonneville Power Administration (Project No. 2008-904-00). NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0500 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EH9ON UT WOS:000392100800006 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Littell, JS AF McKenzie, Donald Littell, Jeremy S. TI Climate change and the eco-hydrology of fire: Will area burned increase in a warming western USA? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; ecosections; lagged response; negative feedback; nonstationarity; water-balance deficit ID LARGE WILDLAND FIRES; UNITED-STATES; MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS; WILDFIRE SEVERITY; BOREAL FOREST; REGIMES; MODELS; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; LIMITATIONS AB Wildfire area is predicted to increase with global warming. Empirical statistical models and process-based simulations agree almost universally. The key relationship for this unanimity, observed at multiple spatial and temporal scales, is between drought and fire. Predictive models often focus on ecosystems in which this relationship appears to be particularly strong, such as mesic and arid forests and shrublands with substantial biomass such as chaparral. We examine the drought-fire relationship, specifically the correlations between water-balance deficit and annual area burned, across the full gradient of deficit in the western USA, from temperate rainforest to desert. In the middle of this gradient, conditional on vegetation (fuels), correlations are strong, but outside this range the equivalence hotter and drier equals more fire either breaks down or is contingent on other factors such as previous-year climate. This suggests that the regional drought-fire dynamic will not be stationary in future climate, nor will other more complex contingencies associated with the variation in fire extent. Predictions of future wildfire area therefore need to consider not only vegetation changes, as some dynamic vegetation models now do, but also potential changes in the drought-fire dynamic that will ensue in a warming climate. C1 [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] USGS, DOI Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM dmck@uw.edu FU Department of the Interior, Alaska Climate Science Center; US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank R. A. Norheim for cartography and assistance with geospatial data, G. Mauger and M. Elsner for assistance with model output, and C. A. Cansler, D. L. Peterson, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version. Funding is from the Department of the Interior, Alaska Climate Science Center, and the US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. This is a product of the Western Mountain Initiative. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1002/eap.1420 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH7XG UT WOS:000391985300003 PM 28001335 ER PT J AU Ziegler, JP Golebie, EJ Jones, SE Weidel, BC Solomon, CT AF Ziegler, Jacob P. Golebie, Elizabeth J. Jones, Stuart E. Weidel, Brian C. Solomon, Christopher T. TI Social-ecological outcomes in recreational fisheries: the interaction of lakeshore development and stocking SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coarse woody habitat; lakeshore development; natural recruitment; recreational fisheries; refuge; social-ecological systems; stocking ID RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; WOODY HABITAT; FOOD WEBS; SYSTEMS; FISH; POLICY; COMPLEXITY; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; SUSTAINABILITY AB Many ecosystems continue to experience rapid transformations due to processes like land use change and resource extraction. A systems approach to maintaining natural resources focuses on how interactions and feedbacks among components of complex social-ecological systems generate social and ecological outcomes. In recreational fisheries, residential shoreline development and fish stocking are two widespread human behaviors that influence fisheries, yet emergent social-ecological outcomes from these potentially interacting behaviors remain under explored. We applied a social-ecological systems framework using a simulation model and empirical data to determine whether lakeshore development is likely to promote stocking through its adverse effects on coarse woody habitat and thereby also on survival of juvenile and adult fish. We demonstrate that high lakeshore development is likely to generate dependency of the ecosystem on the social system, in the form of stocking. Further, lakeshore development can interact with social-ecological processes to create deficits for state-level governments, which threatens the ability to fund further ecosystem subsidies. Our results highlight the value of a social-ecological framework for maintaining ecosystem services like recreational fisheries. C1 [Ziegler, Jacob P.; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Ziegler, Jacob P.; Solomon, Christopher T.] Univ Notre Dame, GRIL, 264 Galvin, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Golebie, Elizabeth J.; Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 264 Galvin, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake St W & 3rd St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Solomon, Christopher T.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Ziegler, JP (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.; Ziegler, JP (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, GRIL, 264 Galvin, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jacob.ziegler@mail.mcgill.ca FU Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en environnement aquatique; EcoLac Programme de formation FONCER du CRSNG en ecologie lacustre et fluviale; University of Wisconsin Extension Wisconsin Lakes Convention; Vilas County Lakes and Rivers Association; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [475586-2015, 402530-2011] FX We thank the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) for hosting our research. We would like to thank Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en environnement aquatique, EcoLac Programme de formation FONCER du CRSNG en ecologie lacustre et fluviale, University of Wisconsin Extension Wisconsin Lakes Convention, Vilas County Lakes and Rivers Association, J. Solomon, and M. F. Ebenezer for technical, financial, and intellectual support. We are exceptionally grateful to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Northern Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research Database for data used in this manuscript. We would like to thank S. A. Wolf, D. J. Lewis, and D. T. de Kerckhove for comments on early versions of this manuscript and two anonymous reviewers' comments, which substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Scholarships Doctoral program under 475586-2015 to J. P. Ziegler and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada 402530-2011 to C. T. Solomon. This is contribution number 2078 to the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1002/eap.1433 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH7XG UT WOS:000391985300005 PM 28052508 ER PT J AU Davis, CL Miller, DAW Walls, SC Barichivich, WJ Riley, JW Brown, ME AF Davis, Courtney L. Miller, David A. W. Walls, Susan C. Barichivich, William J. Riley, Jeffrey W. Brown, Mary E. TI Species interactions and the effects of climate variability on a wetland amphibian metacommunity SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian communities; climate; metacommunity; multispecies occupancy; species interactions; wetland dynamics ID SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; FROG RANA-GRYLIO; LIFE-HISTORY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; OCCURRENCE DYNAMICS; LARVAL ANURANS; PREDATOR; DISTURBANCE; HABITAT AB Disentangling the role that multiple interacting factors have on species responses to shifting climate poses a significant challenge. However, our ability to do so is of utmost importance to predict the effects of climate change on species distributions. We examined how populations of three species of wetland-breeding amphibians, which varied in life history requirements, responded to a six-year period of extremely variable precipitation. This interval was punctuated by both extensive drought and heavy precipitation and flooding, providing a natural experiment to measure community responses to environmental perturbations. We estimated occurrence dynamics using a discrete hidden Markov modeling approach that incorporated information regarding habitat state and predator-prey interactions. This approach allowed us to measure how metapopulation dynamics of each amphibian species was affected by interactions among weather, wetland hydroperiod, and co-occurrence with fish predators. The pig frog, a generalist, proved most resistant to perturbations, with both colonization and persistence being unaffected by seasonal variation in precipitation or co-occurrence with fishes. The ornate chorus frog, an ephemeral wetland specialist, responded positively to periods of drought owing to increased persistence and colonization rates during periods of low-rainfall. Low probabilities of occurrence of the ornate chorus frog in long-duration wetlands were driven by interactions with predators due to low colonization rates when fishes were present. The mole salamander was most sensitive to shifts in water availability. In our study area, this species never occurred in short-duration wetlands and persistence probabilities decreased during periods of drought. At the same time, negative effects occurred with extreme precipitation because flooding facilitated colonization of fishes to isolated wetlands and mole salamanders did not colonize wetlands once fishes were present. We demonstrate that the effects of changes in water availability depend on interactions with predators and wetland type and are influenced by the life history of each of our species. The dynamic species occurrence modeling approach we used offers promise for other systems when the goal is to disentangle the complex interactions that determine species responses to environmental variability. C1 [Davis, Courtney L.; Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Davis, Courtney L.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Ecol Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walls, Susan C.; Barichivich, William J.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Riley, Jeffrey W.] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Brown, Mary E.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Davis, CL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Davis, CL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Ecol Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cld303@psu.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1002/eap.1442 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH7XG UT WOS:000391985300023 PM 28052496 ER PT J AU Breed, GA Golson, EA Tinker, MT AF Breed, Greg A. Golson, Emily A. Tinker, M. Tim TI Predicting animal home-range structure and transitions using a multistate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck biased random walk SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal movement; biased random walk; Markov model; Markov process; movement model; sea otter ID RADIO TELEMETRY DATA; CONTINUOUS-TIME; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; SEA OTTERS; MOVEMENT; MODEL; FEMALE; DEER; PRONGHORN; DIFFUSION AB The home-range concept is central in animal ecology and behavior, and numerous mechanistic models have been developed to understand home range formation and maintenance. These mechanistic models usually assume a single, contiguous home range. Here we describe and implement a simple home-range model that can accommodate multiple home-range centers, form complex shapes, allow discontinuities in use patterns, and infer how external and internal variables affect movement and use patterns. The model assumes individuals associate with two or more home-range centers and move among them with some estimable probability. Movement in and around home-range centers is governed by a two-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, while transitions between centers are modeled as a stochastic state-switching process. We augmented this base model by introducing environmental and demographic covariates that modify transition probabilities between home-range centers and can be estimated to provide insight into the movement process. We demonstrate the model using telemetry data from sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in California. The model was fit using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, which estimated transition probabilities, as well as unique Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion and centralizing tendency parameters. Estimated parameters could then be used to simulate movement and space use that was virtually indistinguishable from real data. We used Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) scores to assess model fit and determined that both wind and reproductive status were predictive of transitions between home-range centers. Females were less likely to move between home-range centers on windy days, less likely to move between centers when tending pups, and much more likely to move between centers just after weaning a pup. These tendencies are predicted by theoretical movement rules but were not previously known and show that our model can extract meaningful behavioral insight from complex movement data. C1 [Breed, Greg A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Breed, Greg A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Golson, Emily A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Breed, GA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Breed, GA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM gabreed@alaska.edu FU NSERC; University of Alberta; UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine's Oiled Wildlife Care Network; California State University's Council on Ocean Affairs, Science, and Technology (COAST); David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Society of Marine Mammalogy; California Coastal Conservancy; US Fish and Wildlife Service; University of California Natural Reserve System; U.S. Geological Survey; University of California Santa Cruz; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Monterey Bay Aquarium's Sea Otter Research and Conservation program; University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine FX This project was supported by an NSERC Banting Fellowship to GAB and the University of Alberta and EAG was supported by the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine's Oiled Wildlife Care Network and The California State University's Council on Ocean Affairs, Science, and Technology (COAST). Additional support was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Society of Marine Mammalogy, the California Coastal Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the University of California Natural Reserve System. Sea otter captures and data collection were conducted and partially funded by U.S. Geological Survey, University of California Santa Cruz, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Monterey Bay Aquarium's Sea Otter Research and Conservation program (staff and volunteers), and University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Special thanks to Michelle Staedler, Joe Tomoleoni, Nicole LaRoche, Gena Bentall and Lily Tarjan for assistance with collection and compilation of re-sighting data. We thank Jim Harvey for supporting and mentoring EAG and Mark Lewis and the Lewis Lab for intellectual support and constructive discussions in the development and implementation of the model. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 32 EP 47 DI 10.1002/ecy.1615 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH6DM UT WOS:000391862900004 PM 27893946 ER PT J AU Osland, MJ Day, RH Hall, CT Brumfield, MD Dugas, JL Jones, WR AF Osland, Michael J. Day, Richard H. Hall, Courtney T. Brumfield, Marisa D. Dugas, Jason L. Jones, William R. TI Mangrove expansion and contraction at a poleward range limit: climate extremes and land-ocean temperature gradients SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; climate change; climate extremes; coastal wetland; ecological threshold; freeze events; Louisiana; mangrove; range contraction; range expansion; range limit; temperature ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WOODY PLANT ENCROACHMENT; BLACK MANGROVE; SALT-MARSH; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; COASTAL WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; FORESTS; RESILIENCE; STABILITY AB Within the context of climate change, there is a pressing need to better understand the ecological implications of changes in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes. Along subtropical coasts, less frequent and warmer freeze events are expected to permit freeze-sensitive mangrove forests to expand poleward and displace freeze-tolerant salt marshes. Here, our aim was to better understand the drivers of poleward mangrove migration by quantifying spatiotemporal patterns in mangrove range expansion and contraction across land-ocean temperature gradients. Our work was conducted in a freeze-sensitive mangrove-marsh transition zone that spans a land-ocean temperature gradient in one of the world's most wetland-rich regions (Mississippi River Deltaic Plain; Louisiana, USA). We used historical air temperature data (1893-2014), alternative future climate scenarios, and coastal wetland coverage data (1978-2011) to investigate spatiotemporal fluctuations and climate-wetland linkages. Our analyses indicate that changes in mangrove coverage have been controlled primarily by extreme freeze events (i.e., air temperatures below a threshold zone of -6.3 to -7.6 degrees C). We expect that in the past 121 yr, mangrove range expansion and contraction has occurred across land-ocean temperature gradients. Mangrove resistance, resilience, and dominance were all highest in areas closer to the ocean where temperature extremes were buffered by large expanses of water and saturated soil. Under climate change, these areas will likely serve as local hotspots for mangrove dispersal, growth, range expansion, and displacement of salt marsh. Collectively, our results show that the frequency and intensity of freeze events across land-ocean temperature gradients greatly influences spatiotemporal patterns of range expansion and contraction of freeze-sensitive mangroves. We expect that, along subtropical coasts, similar processes govern the distribution and abundance of other freeze-sensitive organisms. In broad terms, our findings can be used to better understand and anticipate the ecological effects of changing winter climate extremes, especially within the transition zone between tropical and temperate climates. C1 [Osland, Michael J.; Day, Richard H.; Hall, Courtney T.; Dugas, Jason L.; Jones, William R.] US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Brumfield, Marisa D.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Osland, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mosland@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area; Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center; Environmental Protection Agency's Gulf of Mexico Program; Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, the Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center, the Environmental Protection Agency's Gulf of Mexico Program, and the Department of Interior South Central Climate Science Center. MDB's participation was supported via an internship from the Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program. We thank Mark Shafer for guidance regarding relevant temperature data. We appreciate the comments provided by Karen McKee, the subject matter editor, and two anonymous reviewers on a previous version of this manuscript. We thank the ConocoPhillips Company/Louisiana Land and Exploration Company LLC for permission to conduct research on their land. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1002/ecy.1625 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH6DM UT WOS:000391862900012 PM 27935029 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Suttles, SE Beudin, A Nowacki, DJ Miselis, JL Andrews, BD AF Ganju, Neil K. Suttles, Steven E. Beudin, Alexis Nowacki, Daniel J. Miselis, Jennifer L. Andrews, Brian D. TI Quantification of Storm-Induced Bathymetric Change in a Back-Barrier Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Bathymetric change; Sediment transport; Numerical modeling; Back-barrier estuary ID SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT; SEAGRASS; WAVE; ATTENUATION; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; MARYLAND; SHALLOW AB Geomorphology is a fundamental control on ecological and economic function of estuaries. However, relative to open coasts, there has been little quantification of storm-induced bathymetric change in back-barrier estuaries. Vessel-based and airborne bathymetric mapping can cover large areas quickly, but change detection is difficult because measurement errors can be larger than the actual changes over the storm timescale. We quantified storm-induced bathymetric changes at several locations in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland/Virginia, over the August 2014 to July 2015 period using fixed, downward-looking altimeters and numerical modeling. At sand-dominated shoal sites, measurements showed storm-induced changes on the order of 5 cm, with variability related to stress magnitude and wind direction. Numerical modeling indicates that the predominantly northeasterly wind direction in the fall and winter promotes southwest-directed sediment transport, causing erosion of the northern face of sandy shoals; southwesterly winds in the spring and summer lead to the opposite trend. Our results suggest that storm-induced estuarine bathymetric change magnitudes are often smaller than those detectable with methods such as LiDAR. More precise fixed-sensor methods have the ability to elucidate the geomorphic processes responsible for modulating estuarine bathymetry on the event and seasonal timescale, but are limited spatially. Numerical modeling enables interpretation of broad-scale geomorphic processes and can be used to infer the long-term trajectory of estuarine bathymetric change due to episodic events, when informed by fixed-sensor methods. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Suttles, Steven E.; Beudin, Alexis; Nowacki, Daniel J.; Andrews, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Miselis, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400; Nowacki, Daniel/0000-0002-7015-3710 FU Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program [GS2-2D] FX We thank Sandra Brosnahan, Dave Loewensteiner, Nick Nidzieko, Ellyn Montgomery, and Pat Dickhudt for field and data assistance. Bruce Jaffe and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive feedback on the manuscript. This study was part of the Estuarine Physical Response to Storms project (GS2-2D), supported by the Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program. Time-series data can be accessed at the USGS Oceanographic Time-Series Database at http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DF6PBV. Model metadata and output can be accessed via a number of common protocols at http://geoport.whoi.edu/thredds/catalog/clay/usgs/users/nganju/chincotea gue_bedelevation/catalog.html. Any use of brand names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0138-5 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EH0LX UT WOS:000391456600002 ER PT J AU van der Wegen, M Jaffe, B Foxgrover, A Roelvink, D AF van der Wegen, Mick Jaffe, Bruce Foxgrover, Amy Roelvink, Dano TI Mudflat Morphodynamics and the Impact of Sea Level Rise in South San Francisco Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Mudflat; Equilibrium; Morphodynamic modelling; Sea level rise; San Francisco Bay ID INTERTIDAL FLATS; TIDAL CURRENTS; SALT MARSHES; LONG-TERM; SEDIMENT; EQUILIBRIUM; CALIFORNIA; WAVES; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB Estuarine tidal mudflats form unique habitats and maintain valuable ecosystems. Historic measurements of a mudflat in San Fancsico Bay over the past 150 years suggest the development of a rather stable mudflat profile. This raises questions on its origin and governing processes as well as on the mudflats' fate under scenarios of sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply. We developed a 1D morphodynamic profile model (Delft3D) that is able to reproduce the 2011 measured mudflat profile. The main, schematised, forcings of the model are a constant tidal cycle and constant wave action. The model shows that wave action suspends sediment that is transported landward during flood. A depositional front moves landward until landward bed levels are high enough to carry an equal amount of sediment back during ebb. This implies that, similar to observations, the critical shear stress for erosion is regularly exceeded during the tidal cycle and that modelled equilibrium conditions include high suspended sediment concentrations at the mudflat. Shear stresses are highest during low water, while shear stresses are lower than critical (and highest at the landward end) along the mudflat during high water. Scenarios of sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply drown the mudflat. In addition, the mudflat becomes more prone to channel incision because landward accumulation is hampered. This research suggests that sea level rise is a serious threat to the presence of many estuarine intertidal mudflats, adjacent salt marshes and their associated ecological values. C1 [van der Wegen, Mick; Roelvink, Dano] UNESCO IHE, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [van der Wegen, Mick; Roelvink, Dano] Deltares, POB 177, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Jaffe, Bruce; Foxgrover, Amy] USGS, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Roelvink, Dano] CITG TU Delft, POB 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP van der Wegen, M (reprint author), UNESCO IHE, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands.; van der Wegen, M (reprint author), Deltares, POB 177, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. EM m.vanderwegen@unesco-ihe.org RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; van der Wegen, Mick/0000-0002-5227-2679 FU California Landscape Conservation Cooperative (CA LCC) FX This work was financially supported by the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative (CA LCC). We highly appreciated the constructive comments by the associate Editor, Marianne Holmer, and two anonymous reviewers. Jessica Lacy (USGS) provide valuable feedback on a preliminary version of this work, while Pieter Koen Tonnon, Mart Bosboom and Bert Jagers (Deltares) assisted in the numerical methodology and wave module application. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0129-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EH0LX UT WOS:000391456600003 ER PT J AU Hong, I Dura, T Ely, LL Horton, BP Nelson, AR Cisternas, M Nikitina, D Wesson, RL AF Hong, Isabel Dura, Tina Ely, Lisa L. Horton, Benjamin P. Nelson, Alan R. Cisternas, Marco Nikitina, Daria Wesson, Robert L. TI A 600-year-long stratigraphic record of tsunamis in south-central Chile SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE coastal hazards; diatoms; earthquakes; paleotsunamis; south-central Chile; tsunami deposits ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; OXBOW LAKES; FRESH-WATER; DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTATION; DIATOMS; RIVER; HAZARD; TRENCH; FLOOD AB The stratigraphy within coastal river valleys in south-central Chile clarifies and extends the region's history of large, earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis. Our site at Quidico (38.1 degrees S, 73.3 degrees W) is located in an overlap zone between ruptures of magnitude 8-9 earthquakes in 1960 and 2010, and, therefore, records tsunamis originating from subduction-zone ruptures north and south of the city of Concepcion. Hand-dug pits and cores in a 3-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat in an abandoned meander (a little-examined depositional environment for tsunami deposits) and exposures along the Quidico River show five sand beds that extend as much as 1.2 km inland. Evidence for deposition of the beds by tsunamis includes tabular sand beds that are laterally extensive (>100 m), well sorted, fine upward, have sharp lower contacts, and contain diatom assemblages dominated by brackish and marine taxa. Using eyewitness accounts of tsunami inundation, Cs-137 analyses, and C-14 dating, we matched the upper four sand beds with historical tsunamis in 2010, 1960, 1835, and 1751. The oldest prehistoric bed dates to 1445-1490 CE and correlates with lacustrine and coastal records of similar-aged earthquakes and tsunamis in south-central Chile. C1 [Hong, Isabel; Dura, Tina; Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hong, Isabel; Dura, Tina; Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Hong, Isabel; Ely, Lisa L.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore, Singapore. [Nelson, Alan R.; Wesson, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Nikitina, Daria] West Chester Univ, Dept Geophys & Astron, W Chester, PA USA. RP Hong, I (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM hong@marine.rutgers.edu FU NSF [EAR 1036057, 1145170, EAR 1144537, RAPID 439021]; FONDECYT [1150321]; GeoEngineers; Earthquake Hazards Program of the US Geological Survey FX This project was funded by NSF grants EAR 1036057 and 1145170 to Ely, EAR 1144537 to Horton, and RAPID 439021 to Dura. Additional support was provided by the FONDECYT project No1150321 to Cisternas and by GeoEngineers to Hong. Nelson is supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the US Geological Survey. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JAN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1177/0959683616646191 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EH0GR UT WOS:000391442600004 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA Moody, JA AF Ebel, Brian A. Moody, John A. TI Synthesis of soil-hydraulic properties and infiltration timescales in wildfire-affected soils SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Green-Ampt; runoff; runoff generation; saturated hydraulic conductivity; sorptivity; wildfire ID SOUTH-EAST AUSTRALIA; WATER-REPELLENT SOIL; POST-WILDFIRE; BURN SEVERITY; MEDITERRANEAN SCRUBLAND; MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; INTRINSIC SORPTIVITY; EROSION PROCESSES; TRANSIENT FLOW AB We collected soil-hydraulic property data from the literature for wildfire-affected soils, ash, and unburned soils. These data were used to calculate metrics and timescales of hydrologic response related to infiltration and surface runoff generation. Sorptivity (S) and wetting front potential (psi(f)) were significantly different (lower) in burned soils compared with unburned soils, whereas field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-fs) was not significantly different. The magnitude and duration of the influence of capillarity during infiltration was greatly reduced in burned soils, causing faster ponding times in response to rainfall. Ash had large values of S and K-fs but moderate values of psi(f), compared with unburned and burned soils, indicating ash has long ponding times in response to rainfall. The ratio of S-2/K-fs was nearly constant (similar to 100 mm) for unburned soils but more variable in burned soils, suggesting that unburned soils have a balance between gravity and capillarity contributions to infiltration that may depend on soil organic matter, whereas in burned soils the gravity contribution to infiltration is greater. Changes in S and K-fs in burned soils act synergistically to reduce infiltration and accelerate and amplify surface runoff generation. Synthesis of these findings identifies three key areas for future research. First, short timescales of capillary influences on infiltration indicate the need for better measurements of infiltration at times less than 1 min to accurately characterize S in burned soils. Second, using parameter values, such as psi(f), from unburned areas could produce substantial errors in hydrologic modeling when used without adjustment for wildfire effects, causing parameter compensation and resulting underestimation of K-fs. Third, more thorough measurement campaigns that capture soil-structural changes, organic matter impacts, quantitative water repellency trends, and soil-water content along with soil-hydraulic properties could drive the development of better techniques for numerically simulating infiltration in burned areas. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Moody, John A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM bebel@usgs.gov OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program; USGS National Water Quality Program through National Research Program FX The presentation of this work benefitted from comments by Kim Perkins, Artemi Cerda, and an anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by funds from the USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program and the USGS National Water Quality Program provided through the National Research Program. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 324 EP 340 DI 10.1002/hyp.10998 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EH7UZ UT WOS:000391979400006 ER PT J AU Tosa, MI Schauber, EM Nielsen, CK AF Tosa, Marie I. Schauber, Eric M. Nielsen, Clayton K. TI Localized removal affects white-tailed deer space use and contacts SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; contact rate; direct transmission; disease management; indirect transmission; infectious disease; Odocoileus virginianus; sharpshooting; social behavior ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CENTRAL ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; MULE DEER; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; PROXIMITY LOGGERS; WILDLIFE DISEASE; NEW-YORK AB Transmission and impact of infectious diseases can be altered if host social structure is disrupted by disease outbreaks or lethal management. Specifically, if remnants of depopulated groups join or increase contact with neighboring groups, between-group transmission may increase even as population density decreases. We tested whether this phenomenon could apply to diseases of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by using a before-after-control-impact design. We monitored space use and contacts among adult female and juvenile deer in southern Illinois during 2011-2014; midway through each study season, we removed all members except 1 collared deer from centrally located groups and left control groups intact. After group removal, remnant adult females shortened duration of contacts with neighboring groups, whereas remnant juveniles responded with greater shifts in space use and appeared to join neighboring groups. Together, our study points to potential age-specific responses of deer to social disruption, with evidence that juveniles respond in ways that could shift disease transmission dynamics toward frequency dependence. These findings highlight the need for focused research into the importance of social disruption in disease dynamics, and lend support for complete group removal (if possible) when culling for disease management. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Tosa, Marie I.; Schauber, Eric M.] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Ecol, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Nielsen, Clayton K.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Dept Forestry, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Tosa, Marie I.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Res Ctr, 38 Mather Dr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Tosa, MI (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Ecol, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.; Tosa, MI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Res Ctr, 38 Mather Dr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM Tosa.marie@gmail.com FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources [W87R]; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory at Southern Illinois University Carbondale FX We thank D. Johnson, Touch of Nature Environmental Center at Southern Illinois University, Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, and Rend Lake Army Corps of Engineers for permitting us to use their property. Many thanks to technicians: J. C. Borcherding, B. J. Easton, A. C. Edmund, L. C. Hawk, C. L. Lockerby, A. M. Rosenblatt, B. N. Towery, B. J. Tritsch, and K. H. Wiskirchen. Valuable comments on the manuscript were given by W. S. Fairbanks and anonymous reviewers. This study was funded by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W87R) and the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 81 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21176 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EH5JF UT WOS:000391808500004 ER PT J AU Borg, NJ Mitchell, MS Lukacs, PM Mack, CM Waits, LP Krausman, PR AF Borg, Nathan J. Mitchell, Michael S. Lukacs, Paul M. Mack, Curt M. Waits, Lisette P. Krausman, Paul R. TI Behavioral connectivity among bighorn sheep suggests potential for disease spread SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavioral connectivity; bighorn sheep; disease; Idaho; multi-state mark-recapture; Ovis canadensis; Salmon River; social groups ID SEXUAL SEGREGATION; PNEUMONIA EPIZOOTICS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; SITE FIDELITY; CONSERVATION; METAPOPULATION; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENT; PACKAGE; RANGES AB Connectivity is important for population persistence and can reduce the potential for inbreeding depression. Connectivity between populations can also facilitate disease transmission; respiratory diseases are one of the most important factors affecting populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). The mechanisms of connectivity in populations of bighorn sheep likely have implications for spread of disease, but the behaviors leading to connectivity between bighorn sheep groups are not well understood. From 2007-2012, we radio-collared and monitored 56 bighorn sheep in the Salmon River canyon in central Idaho. We used cluster analysis to define social groups of bighorn sheep and then estimated connectivity between these groups using a multi-state mark-recapture model. Social groups of bighorn sheep were spatially segregated and linearly distributed along the Salmon River canyon. Monthly probabilities of movement between adjacent male and female groups ranged from 0.08 (0.004 SE) to 0.76 (+/- 0.068) for males and 0.05 (+/- 0.132) to 0.24 (+/- 0.034) for females. Movements of males were extensive and probabilities of movement were considerably higher during the rut. Probabilities of movement for females were typically smaller than those of males and did not change seasonally. Whereas adjacent groups of bighorn sheep along the Salmon River canyon were well connected, connectivity between groups north and south of the Salmon River was limited. The novel application of a multi-state model to a population of bighorn sheep allowed us to estimate the probability of movement between adjacent social groups and approximate the level of connectivity across the population. Our results suggest high movement rates of males during the rut are the most likely to result in transmission of pathogens among both male and female groups. Potential for disease spread among female groups was smaller but non-trivial. Land managers can plan grazing of domestic sheep for spring and summer months when males are relatively inactive. Removal or quarantine of social groups may reduce probability of disease transmission in populations of bighorn sheep consisting of linearly distributed social groups. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Borg, Nathan J.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lukacs, Paul M.; Krausman, Paul R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mack, Curt M.] Nez Perce Tribe, POB 1922, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. [Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Room 105, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Borg, Nathan J.] McCall Reg Off, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 555 Deinhard Ln, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) FX We thank M. Scott, C. Hickey, R. Kinner, C. Wipperman, T. Keegan, and J. Juza of IDFG for capture, collaring, and sample collection. We are grateful to M. Kasprzak of the Nez Perce Tribe for collecting location data and for help with field logistics. We thank J. Nowak for sharing statistical expertise, and M. Nordhagen for help with GIS analysis. We also thank E. F. Cassirer, M. A. Hurley, and L. Gormezano for valuable input that improved the presentation of our research. Funding for this work was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 81 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21169 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EH5JF UT WOS:000391808500005 ER PT J AU Green, AW Aldridge, CL O'Donnell, MS AF Green, Adam W. Aldridge, Cameron L. O'Donnell, Michael S. TI Investigating impacts of oil and gas development on greater sage-grouse SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Centrocercus urophasianus; greater sage-grouse; lek; oil and gas development; state-space model; Wyoming ID WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE; NESTING HABITAT; MULE DEER; POPULATIONS; LEK; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE AB The sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem is one of the largest ecosystems in western North America providing habitat for species found nowhere else. Sagebrush habitats have experienced dramatic declines since the 1950s, mostly due to anthropogenic disturbances. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a sagebrush-obligate species that has experienced population declines over the last several decades, which are attributed to a variety of disturbances including the more recent threat of oil and gas development. We developed a hierarchical, Bayesian state-space model to investigate the impacts of 2 measures of oil and gas development, and environmental and habitat conditions, on sage-grouse populations in Wyoming, USA using male lek counts from 1984 to 2008. Lek attendance of male sage-grouse declined by approximately 2.5%/year and was negatively related to oil and gas well density. We found little support for the influence of sagebrush cover and precipitation on changes in lek counts. Our results support those of other studies reporting negative impacts of oil and gas development on sage-grouse populations and our modeling approach allowed us to make inference to a longer time scale and larger spatial extent than in previous studies. In addition to sage-grouse, development may also negatively affect other sagebrush-obligate species, and active management of sagebrush habitats may be necessary to maintain some species. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Green, Adam W.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Green, Adam W.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; O'Donnell, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Green, Adam W.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry St,Suite 150, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Green, AW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Green, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Green, AW (reprint author), Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry St,Suite 150, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM adam.green@birdconservancy.org RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU United States Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center; Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to report. We thank WGFD for use of lek survey data and all personnel that performed lek counts. A large number of people provided input throughout the analysis, particularly A. P. Monroe, D. R. Edmunds, J. A. Heinrichs, and D. J. Manier. M. B. Hooten and N. T. Hobbs provided useful discussion about the model structure and model selection. We thank P. S. Coates, S. L. Garman, and 2 anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback on previous versions of the manuscript. United States Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative provided funding for this research. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 81 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21179 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EH5JF UT WOS:000391808500006 ER PT J AU Johnston, AN Moskal, LM AF Johnston, Aaron N. Moskal, L. Monika TI High-resolution habitat modeling with airborne LiDAR for red tree voles SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arborimus longicaudus; forest management; habitat suitability model; LiDAR; Oregon; red tree vole; remote sensing; spatial scale ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; PHENACOMYS-LONGICAUDUS; OREGON; FOREST; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Habitat suitability maps are important tools for conservation planning and species investigations, but maps at resolutions that are biologically meaningful and useful for local-level decision-making are lacking for many species that use resources at fine scales. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) describes 3-dimensional structure of forests and other habitats at high resolution, which can improve habitat models for many species and facilitate investigations otherwise impossible with field data or other remote-sensing techniques. We used an information-theoretic approach and logistic regression to model habitat of red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) at multiple spatial scales with predictors derived from airborne LiDAR in southwestern Oregon. We developed a priori models to evaluate habitat associations and identify good models useful for high-resolution mapping of habitat suitability across a large spatial extent. Our best models that compared habitats around nest trees of red tree voles to available sites performed well (i.e., accuracy=0.83) on an independent test data set. We found fair performance in comparisons of habitat around nest trees to unused locations within areas previously identified as red tree vole habitat (i.e., accuracy=0.71). Red tree vole nests were often in the largest trees in the stand and away from forest edges. Both analyses suggested that fine- and broad-scale predictors are important for modeling habitat of red tree voles. Habitat suitability for red tree voles should be predicted effectively by LiDAR acquisitions even with low point densities because maps were robust to reductions in point densities as low as 1point/m(2). We found that LiDAR was effective for modeling habitat of red tree voles and expect it to improve performance of models for other species with similar habitat requirements. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Johnston, Aaron N.; Moskal, L. Monika] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnston, Aaron N.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Johnston, AN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Johnston, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM ajohnston@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management through Precision Forestry Cooperative at the University of Washington FX We thank G. McFadden of the Oregon State Office of BLM for support of this project. J. Reilly of BLM procured data and shared insight on vole survey protocols. We thank all researchers that contributed to collection of the red tree vole nest locations. A. Kazakova provided guidance on LiDAR post-processing. W. Simpson and his crew collected field data at nest trees. J. Hagar and D. Rosenberg provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Bureau of Land Management through the Precision Forestry Cooperative at the University of Washington. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 81 IS 1 BP 58 EP 72 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21173 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EH5JF UT WOS:000391808500007 ER PT J AU Brooke, JM Tanner, EP Peters, DC Tanner, AM Harper, CA Keyser, PD Clark, JD Morgan, JJ AF Brooke, Jarred M. Tanner, Evan P. Peters, David C. Tanner, Ashley M. Harper, Craig A. Keyser, Patrick D. Clark, Joseph D. Morgan, John J. TI Northern bobwhite breeding season ecology on a reclaimed surface mine SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brood; Colinus virginianus; habitat management; Kentucky; nest-site selection; nest survival; northern bobwhite; reclaimed surface mine ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; WESTERN OKLAHOMA; HABITAT SELECTION; MICROHABITAT SELECTION; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RESOURCE SELECTION; SURVIVAL; CHICKS; RECLAMATION AB Surface coal mining and subsequent reclamation of surface mines have converted large forest areas into early successional vegetative communities in the eastern United States. This reclamation can provide a novel opportunity to conserve northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). We evaluated the influence of habitat management activities on nest survival, nest-site selection, and brood resource selection on managed and unmanaged units of a reclaimed surface mine, Peabody Wildlife Management Area (Peabody), in west-central Kentucky, USA, from 2010 to 2013. We compared resource selection, using discrete-choice analysis, and nest survival, using the nest survival model in Program MARK, between managed and unmanaged units of Peabody at 2 spatial scales: the composition and configuration of vegetation types (i.e., macrohabitat) and vegetation characteristics at nest sites and brood locations (i.e., microhabitat). On managed sites, we also investigated resource selection relative to a number of different treatments (e.g., herbicide, disking, prescribed fire). We found no evidence that nest-site selection was influenced by macrohabitat variables, but bobwhite selected nest sites in areas with greater litter depth than was available at random sites. On managed units, bobwhite were more likely to nest where herbicide was applied to reduce sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) compared with areas untreated with herbicide. Daily nest survival was not influenced by habitat characteristics or by habitat management but was influenced by nest age and the interaction of nest initiation date and nest age. Daily nest survival was greater for older nests occurring early in the breeding season (0.99, SE<0.01) but was lower for older nests occurring later in the season (0.08, SE=0.13). Brood resource selection was not influenced by macrohabitat or microhabitat variables we measured, but broods on managed units selected areas treated with herbicide to control sericea lespedeza and were located closer to firebreaks and disked native-warm season grass stands than would be expected at random. Our results suggest the vegetation at Peabody was sufficient without manipulation to support nesting and brood-rearing northern bobwhite at a low level, but habitat management practices improved vegetation for nesting and brood-rearing resource selection. Reproductive rates (e.g., nest survival and re-nesting rates) at Peabody were lower than reported in other studies, which may be related to nutritional deficiencies caused by the abundance of sericea lespedeza. On reclaimed mine lands dominated by sericea lespedeza, we suggest continuing practices such as disking and herbicide application that are targeted at reducing sericea lespedeza to improve the vegetation for nesting and brood-rearing bobwhite. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Brooke, Jarred M.; Tanner, Evan P.; Peters, David C.; Tanner, Ashley M.; Harper, Craig A.; Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Field Branch, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Morgan, John J.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, 1 Sportsmans Lane, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Brooke, Jarred M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tanner, Evan P.] Oklahoma State Univ, 008C AgHall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brooke, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Brooke, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jmbrooke@purdue.edu FU Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources as part of the Wildlife Restoration Grant Program funds; University of Tennessee; Quail Forever FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank E. S. Williams, F. L. Adkins, J. R. Arnold, M. K. Wethington, B. A. Robinson, and D. L. Baxley for their continued support throughout the project. Additionally, we thank many research technicians for their assistance in collecting field data. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their contributions to the improvement of this manuscript. Funding for our research was provided by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources as part of the Wildlife Restoration Grant Program funds. Additional support was provided by The University of Tennessee and Quail Forever. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 81 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21182 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EH5JF UT WOS:000391808500008 ER PT J AU Adhikari, A Yao, J Sternberg, M McDowell, K White, JD AF Adhikari, Arjun Yao, Jian Sternberg, Mitch McDowell, Kelly White, Joseph D. TI Aboveground biomass of naturally regenerated and replanted semi-tropical shrublands derived from aerial imagery SO LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Allometric equations; Soil-adjusted vegetation index; Carbon storage ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; INDIVIDUAL TREE CROWNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STAND BIOMASS; WOODY-PLANTS; ECOSYSTEMS; THORNSCRUB; DROUGHT; FORESTS AB Rapid assessment of plant size and population densities is important for estimating biomass over large areas, but it has often been limited by methods requiring intensive labor and resources. In this study, we demonstrate how shrub biomass can be estimated from fine-grained aerial photographs for a large area (23,000 ha) located in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA. Over the past 30 years, refuge land management has included the replanting of native shrubs to promote the restoration of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration. To assess shrub regrowth, we developed a method to estimate individual shrub canopy areas from digital aerial imagery that was used to calculate biomass from allometric equations. The accuracy of the automated delineation of individual canopies was 79 % when compared to that of hand-digitized shrub canopies. When applied to photographs across the refuge, we found higher shrub densities for older naturally regenerated sites (174 individuals ha(-1)) compared to those of younger replanted sites (156 individuals ha(-1)). In contrast, naturally regenerated sites had less biomass (3.43 Mg ha(-1)) than replanted sites (4.78 Mg ha(-1)) indicating that shrubland restored for habitat conservation has the potential to sequester more carbon in a shorter period. There was an inverse relationship between aridity and aboveground shrub biomass for replanted sites in the drier west (p < 0.05). We found a difference in predicted biomass among shrub species in replanted sites that was also associated with climate (p < 0.05). We conclude that the canopy of individual shrubs detected from remote sensing can be used to estimate and monitor vegetation biomass over large areas across environmental gradients. C1 [Adhikari, Arjun; White, Joseph D.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, One Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Yao, Jian; White, Joseph D.] Baylor Univ, Inst Ecol Earth & Environm Sci, One Bear Pl 97205, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Sternberg, Mitch; McDowell, Kelly] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Texas Refuge Complex,3325 Green Jay Rd, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. [Adhikari, Arjun] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Adhikari, A (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, One Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA.; Adhikari, A (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM arjun.adhikari@montana.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) [201819J608] FX We would like to express our gratitude to the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) which provided funding for this project (FWS Agreement No. 201819J608). We appreciate the constructive comments of two reviewers. This work complies with the current laws of the USA. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US FWS. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1860-1871 EI 1860-188X J9 LANDSC ECOL ENG JI Landsc. Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s11355-016-0310-x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH7GK UT WOS:000391940700013 ER PT J AU Gall, AE Morgan, TC Day, RH Kuletz, KJ AF Gall, Adrian E. Morgan, Tawna C. Day, Robert H. Kuletz, Katherine J. TI Ecological shift from piscivorous to planktivorous seabirds in the Chukchi Sea, 1975-2012 SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chukchi Sea; Sea ice; Climate change; Aethia spp. ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; CONTRASTING TRENDS; EASTERN CHUKCHI; SHELF AB Sea ice now forms later and melts earlier than it did 4 decades years ago, and it now melts completely in all parts of the Chukchi Sea. This decline in sea ice is expected to have repercussions on the trophic structure in this environment, and there are indications that changes already have taken place in the seabird community. We compared boat-based densities of seabirds in the eastern Chukchi Sea between July and October during 1975-1981 (historical data) with densities during 2007-2012 (recent data). We related the composition of the seabird community to sea-ice cover to explore how the community may be responding to changes in oceanography. The seabird community historically was composed predominantly of piscivorous Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and murres (Uria spp.). In contrast, the seabird community now is composed predominantly of planktivorous seabirds such as Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella) and Short-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris). Total abundance of seabirds declined in three of four strata in the eastern Chukchi Sea, largely due to declines in densities of piscivorous and omnivorous species. These changes in the abundance and community composition of seabirds were associated with changes in ice cover. Earlier ice retreat appears to contribute to an environment that is more favorable to the sustained production of large oceanic copepods and euphausiids. We propose that long-term changes (4 decades) in the abundance and composition of the seabird community reflect an increase in the availability of large zooplankton prey in the region. C1 [Gall, Adrian E.; Morgan, Tawna C.; Day, Robert H.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 80410, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. [Gall, Adrian E.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kuletz, Katherine J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Gall, AE (reprint author), ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 80410, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA.; Gall, AE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM agall@abrinc.com FU North Pacific Research Board; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; USFWS FX Data collection and analysis conducted by ABR, Inc. was funded by ConocoPhillips Company, Anchorage, AK; Shell Exploration and Production Company, Anchorage, AK; and Statoil USA E&P, Inc., Anchorage, AK. Data collection by USFWS was funded with grants from the North Pacific Research Board (2007-2010), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (2010-2012), and the USFWS. The data collection, analysis, and interpretation, however, were conducted by the authors; the conclusions are ours and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding organizations. We particularly thank scientists Caryn Rea (ConocoPhillips), Michael Macrander (Shell), and Steinar Eldoy (Statoil) for support and feedback during all phases of this research. We also thank ABR and USFWS personnel for data collection in 2007-2012 and thank the many contributors to the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database over the past 4 decades. In particular, we thank Elizabeth Labunski (USFWS) for assisting with data collection and management. Gary Drew and John Piatt (US Geological Survey) maintain the NPPSD and provided much-appreciated assistance. Allison Zusi (ABR) provided invaluable GIS support. Bill Chapman (University of Illinois) and Lena Krutikov (Alaska Center for Climate Assessment & Policy) provided access to historical aerial surveys of ice cover. At the University of Alaska Fairbanks, we thank Arny Blanchard for statistical advice and Seth Danielson, John Walsh, and Peter Winsor for assistance with the summary of sea-ice data. This manuscript has been improved by the comments and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s00300-016-1924-z PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG9TH UT WOS:000391401900006 ER PT J AU Petre, SJ Bonar, SA AF Petre, Sally J. Bonar, Scott A. TI Determination of Habitat Requirements for Apache Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL ARIZONA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; STREAM FISHES; SUITABILITY CRITERIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; MICROHABITAT USE; UNITED-STATES; BULL TROUT; MANAGEMENT AB The Apache Trout Oncorhynchus apache, a salmonid endemic to east-central Arizona, is currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Establishing and maintaining recovery streams for Apache Trout and other endemic species requires determination of their specific habitat requirements. We built upon previous studies of Apache Trout habitat by defining both stream-specific and generalized optimal and suitable ranges of habitat criteria in three streams located in the White Mountains of Arizona. Habitat criteria were measured at the time thought to be most limiting to juvenile and adult life stages, the summer base flow period. Based on the combined results from three streams, we found that Apache Trout use relatively deep (optimal range = 0.15-0.32 m; suitable range = 0.032-0.470 m) pools with slow stream velocities (suitable range = 0.00-0.22 m/s), gravel or smaller substrate (suitable range = 0.13-2.0 [Wentworth scale]), overhead cover (suitable range = 26-88%), and instream cover (large woody debris and undercut banks were occupied at higher rates than other instream cover types). Fish were captured at cool to moderate temperatures (suitable range = 10.4-21.1 degrees C) in streams with relatively low maximum seasonal temperatures (optimal range = 20.1-22.9 degrees C; suitable range = 17.125.9 degrees C). Multiple logistic regression generally confirmed the importance of these variables for predicting the presence of Apache Trout. All measured variables except mean velocity were significant predictors in our model. Understanding habitat needs is necessary in managing for persistence, recolonization, and recruitment of Apache Trout. Management strategies such as fencing areas to restrict ungulate use and grazing and planting native riparian vegetation might favor Apache Trout persistence and recolonization by providing overhead cover and large woody debris to form pools and instream cover, shading streams and lowering temperatures. C1 [Petre, Sally J.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Petre, SJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM sjpetre@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Partnership; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Julie Carter, Mike Lopez, Kelly Meyer, Richard Dreyer, Antonio Lopez, and Mike Anderson of the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD); Jeremy Voeltz and Stewart Jacks of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Stephani Clark Barkalow, Norman Mercado-Silva, and William Matter of the University of Arizona (UA); Bob Distefano and Emily Imhoff of the Missouri Department of Conservation; and Stephen Midway of Penn State University for project advice and collaboration. We thank Julie Carter (AGFD), Mike Lopez (AGFD), Richard Langely (AGFD), Michelle Crabb (AGFD), Joy Price (UA), Norman Mercado-Silva (UA), Chase Voirin (UA), and Chelsea Powers (UA) for help with fieldwork. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Partnership and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1225597 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200001 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Sporn, LA George, SD Ball, JA AF Baldigo, Barry P. Sporn, Lee Ann George, Scott D. Ball, Jacob A. TI Efficacy of Environmental DNA to Detect and Quantify Brook Trout Populations in Headwater Streams of the Adirondack Mountains, New York SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; EDNA; LAKES; BIODIVERSITY; DECREASES; CHEMISTRY; REGION; WATER; TOOL AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is rapidly evolving as a tool for monitoring the distributions of aquatic species. Detection of species' populations in streams may be challenging because the persistence time for intact DNA fragments is unknown and because eDNA is diluted and dispersed by dynamic hydrological processes. During 2015, the DNA of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis was analyzed from water samples collected at 40 streams across the Adirondack region of upstate New York, where Brook Trout populations were recently quantified. Study objectives were to evaluate different sampling methods and the ability of eDNA to accurately predict the presence and abundance of resident Brook Trout populations. Results from three-pass electrofishing surveys indicated that Brook Trout were absent from 10 sites and were present in low (<100 fish/0.1 ha), moderate (100-300 fish/0.1 ha), and high (>300 fish/0.1 ha) densities at 9, 11, and 10 sites, respectively. The eDNA results correctly predicted the presence and confirmed the absence of Brook Trout at 85.0-92.5% of the study sites; eDNA also explained 44% of the variability in Brook Trout population density and 24% of the variability in biomass. These findings indicate that eDNA surveys will enable researchers to effectively characterize the presence and abundance of Brook Trout and other species' populations in headwater streams across the Adirondack region and elsewhere. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; George, Scott D.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Sporn, Lee Ann; Ball, Jacob A.] Paul Smiths Coll, Adirondack Watershed Inst, 7777 NY-30, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; USGS FX We extend our appreciation to Noel Deyette, Luis Rodriguez, and Nick McCloskey (USGS); Howard Simonin (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, retired); and Spencer Bruce (State University of New York at Albany) for field support. This research was funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1243578 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200010 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Slater, SB Portz, DE Odom, D Morgan-King, T Brown, LR AF Feyrer, Frederick Slater, Steven B. Portz, Donald E. Odom, Darren Morgan-King, Tara Brown, Larry R. TI Pelagic Nekton Abundance and Distribution in the Northern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; FRANCISCO ESTUARY; FISH; HABITAT; TRENDS; RIVER; VARIABILITY; FISHERIES; INVASION; PATTERNS AB Knowledge of the habitats occupied by species is fundamental for the development of effective conservation and management actions. The collapse of pelagic fish species in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, has triggered a need to better understand factors that drive their distribution and abundance. A study was conducted in summer-fall 2014 in an attempt to identify physical and biological habitat conditions that drive the abundance and distribution of pelagic species in the northern region of the system. The study was conducted in the three largest channels in the northern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta by dimension, volume, and flow capacity. The pelagic community was dominated by three nonnative species, Siberian prawn Exopalaemon modestus, which comprised 56% of the total number of organisms, and two fish species, Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense and Mississippi Silversides Menidia audens, which together comprised 43% of the total number of organisms. Total fish and total shrimp abundance were sensitive to the most extreme values of turbidity and temperature encountered and positively associated with total zooplankton biomass. The results suggested that habitat conditions in terminal channels, historically a common feature on the landscape, support higher abundances of pelagic species and zooplankton than open-ended channels. These results provide resource managers with useful information on the habitat associations of pelagic species and on how the future distribution and abundance of pelagic species will likely change in response to climate or other ecological factors. C1 [Feyrer, Frederick; Morgan-King, Tara; Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Slater, Steven B.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bay Delta Reg, 2109 Arch Airport Rd,Suite 100, Stockton, CA 95206 USA. [Portz, Donald E.] Bur Reclamat, Fisheries & Wildlife Resources Grp, Denver Fed Ctr, 6th Ave & Kipling St, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Odom, Darren] SureWorks LLC, 618 Teal Circle, Longmont, CO 80503 USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ffeyrer@usgs.gov FU Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary; State and Federal Contractors Water Agency FX This study was conducted under the auspices of the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary. Funding for F. Feyrer was provided by the State and Federal Contractors Water Agency. Many individuals assisted with various elements of this study, including E. Van Nieuwenhuyse, D. Hull, R. Soto, J. Mauldin, M. Avila, L. Tobosa, N. Sakata, H. Horner, and R. Dahlgren. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1243577 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200012 ER PT J AU Flannery, J Stubblefield, A Fiori, R Shea, C AF Flannery, Joel Stubblefield, Andrew Fiori, Rocco Shea, Conor TI Observations of Channel Change from Constructed Wood Jams on a Forested Gravel-Bed Stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; DEBRIS; RIVERS; REMOVAL; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest face a number of threats: habit degradation, loss of habitat, overharvest, competition from hatchery fish, dams, and climate change. Wood has been shown to play a key role in many aspects of stream habitat quality; however, it is in low supply in many Pacific Northwest streams because of wood removal and timber harvest practices in riparian zones. Wood placement for restoration has the potential to benefit salmonid populations. However, common applications often fall short of producing the physical changes necessary to achieve the objectives, such as the formation of deep pools and cover. This study evaluated the hypothesis that wood jams constructed with whole-tree materials, high wood piece counts, and high wood volumes would be effective at creating instream geomorphic complexity, function, and aquatic habitat quality. Results were based on an evaluation of changes to surface sediment textures and channel morphology at eight constructed wood jams built with varying complexity, wood volumes, and whole-tree materials, including large-diameter trees with an attached rootwad, logs, and branches. We found that complex wood jams created statistically significant changes that include increasing percentage pool cover, increasing scour pool habitat, and sorting and metering gravel, resulting in an increase in the proportion of the stream bed composed of gravels appropriately sized for local species of spawning salmonids, increased habitat heterogeneity, and increased gradient and channel width. C1 [Flannery, Joel] US Army, Corps Engineers, 1455 Market St, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Stubblefield, Andrew] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, One Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Fiori, Rocco] Fiori GeoSci, POB 387, Klamath, CA 95548 USA. [Shea, Conor] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Stubblefield, A (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, One Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM aps14@humboldt.edu FU California Coastal Conservancy; Department of Fish and Game; California Wildlife Conservation Board; California State Parks; California Conservation Corps; Smith River Alliance; Save the Redwoods League FX We are grateful for funding and support from the California Coastal Conservancy, Department of Fish and Game, California Wildlife Conservation Board, California State Parks, California Conservation Corps, Smith River Alliance, and Save the Redwoods League. The following individuals contributed time and insight to the project: Chris Moore, Nick Harrison, Tami Dardin, Patrick Vaughan, Koa Lavery, Aaron Grzanich, Summer Daugherty, Brian Huggett, Chantell Krider, Jason Barnes, Derrick Gan, Miriam Jukes, Eric Rice, and John Schmeltz. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1235615 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200017 ER PT J AU Sattelberger, DC Kleen, JM Allen, AC Flamm, RO AF Sattelberger, Danielle C. Kleen, Joyce M. Allen, Aarin-Conrad Flamm, Richard O. TI Seasonal warm-water refuge and sanctuary usage by the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Kings Bay, Citrus County, Florida SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE endangered species management; spatial analysis; aerial surveys; kernel density; conservation; sanctuaries ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEE; WINTER COLD FRONTS; POWER-PLANTS; TURNOVER RATES; AERIAL SURVEYS; UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY AB The largest Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) aggregation at a natural warm-water site occurs in Kings Bay, Crystal River, FL. In accordance with the Manatee Recovery Plan, manatee protection areas within Kings Bay have been created by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the State of Florida including a year-round refuge designation and seven Federal manatee sanctuaries during the winter manatee season (15 November-31 March). Over the last 30years, an increase in manatee counts has been observed in Kings Bay which has prompted the need to review existing manatee protection measures. Aerial survey data collected between 1983 and 2012 were used to examine the seasonal change in manatee distribution within Kings Bay to assess the effectiveness of current sanctuary sizes and locations. Regression analysis suggested a significant change in manatee abundance among the winter seasons (p<0.05). The average winter manatee counts increased by 4.81 animals per year over the 30-year period. Spatially explicit maps using geographic information system (GIS) analysis revealed a strong correlation between high manatee density and artesian springs in Kings Bay during the winter seasons. Highest abundances were identified at three locations: King Spring, Three Sisters Springs, and Magnolia Springs, which coincide with preexisting sanctuary designations. Additional coverage is advocated to support the overflow of manatees outside of sanctuary boundaries. As density patterns were not uniform across summer periods, a consideration of additional boat speed regulations is recommended. C1 [Sattelberger, Danielle C.; Allen, Aarin-Conrad] Nova Southeastern Univ, Halmos Coll Nat Sci & Oceanog, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Kleen, Joyce M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crystal River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. [Flamm, Richard O.] Univ S Florida, Kate Tidemann Coll Business, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Sattelberger, DC (reprint author), Nova Southeastern Univ, Halmos Coll Nat Sci & Oceanog, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM ds1715@nova.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge headquarters in Crystal River [13005] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge headquarters in Crystal River: [13005]. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 EI 1943-7226 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1080/15481603.2016.1245822 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA EG4CC UT WOS:000390990000001 ER PT J AU Reed, SC AF Reed, Sasha C. TI Disentangling the complexities of how legumes and their symbionts regulate plant nitrogen access and storage SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE legumes; nitrogen fixation; rhizobia; stoichiometry; symbiotic; tissue nitrogen (N) concentration ID DINITROGEN FIXATION; GLOBAL PATTERNS; RAIN-FORESTS; N-2 FIXATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; CLIMATE; TREES C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 213 IS 2 BP 478 EP 480 DI 10.1111/nph.14390 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EH0KH UT WOS:000391452300002 PM 28000933 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Kent, DB Repert, DA Bohlke, JK AF Smith, Richard L. Kent, Douglas B. Repert, Deborah A. Bohlke, J. K. TI Anoxic nitrate reduction coupled with iron oxidation and attenuation of dissolved arsenic and phosphate in a sand and gravel aquifer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Iron oxidation; Nitrate reduction; Arsenic sorption; Iron(II) sorption; Isotopic fractionation; Tracer test ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; GRADIENT TRACER TESTS; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; FERROUS IRON; FRESH-WATER; ANAEROBIC BIOOXIDATION; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; FLOW CONDITIONS; CAPE-COD; SURFACE COMPLEXATION AB Nitrate has become an increasingly abundant potential electron acceptor for Fe(II) oxidation in groundwater, but this redox couple has not been well characterized within aquifer settings. To investigate this reaction and some of its implications for redox-sensitive groundwater contaminants, we conducted an in situ field study in a wastewater-contaminated aquifer on Cape Cod. Long-term (15 year) geochemical monitoring within the contaminant plume indicated interacting zones with variable nitrate-, Fe(II)-, phosphate-, As(V)-, and As(III)-containing groundwater. Nitrate and phosphate were derived predominantly from wastewater disposal, whereas Fe(II), As(III), and As(V) were mobilized from the aquifer sediments. Multiple natural gradient, anoxic tracer tests were conducted in which nitrate and bromide were injected into nitrate-free, Fe(II)-containing groundwater. Prior to injection, aqueous Fe(II) concentrations were approximately 175 mu M, but sorbed Fe(II) accounted for greater than 90% of the total reactive Fe(II) in the aquifer. Nitrate reduction was stimulated within 1 m of transport for 100 mu M and 1000 mu M nitrate additions, initially producing stoichiometric quantities of nitrous oxide (> 300 mu M N). In subsequent injections at the same site, nitrate was reduced even more rapidly and produced less nitrous oxide, especially over longer transport distances. Fe(II) and nitrate concentrations decreased together and were accompanied by Fe (III) oxyhydroxide precipitation and decreases in dissolved phosphate, As(III), and As(V) concentrations. Nitrate N and O isotope fractionation effects during nitrate reduction were approximately equal (epsilon N-15/epsilon O-18 = 1.11) and were similar to those reported for laboratory studies of biological nitrate reduction, including denitrification, but unlike some reported effects on nitrate by denitrification in aquifers. All constituents affected by the in situ tracer experiments returned to pre-injection levels after several weeks. Additionally, Fe(II)-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing microbial enrichment cultures were obtained from aquifer sediments. Growth experiments with the cultures sequentially produced nitrite and nitrous oxide from nitrate while simultaneously oxidizing Fe(II). Field and culture results suggest that nitrogen oxide reduction and Fe(II) oxidation in the aquifer are a complex interaction of coupled biotic and abiotic reactions. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that anoxic nitrate-dependent iron oxidation can occur in groundwater; that it could control iron speciation; and that the process can impact the mobility of other chemical species (e.g., phosphate and arsenic) not directly involved in the oxidation-reduction reaction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Richard L.; Repert, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX We are grateful for technical assistance from Denis LeBlanc, Jennifer Underwood, Gillian Fairchild, Aaron Regberg, Charles Robertson, Charles Hart, and Janet Hannon. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 196 BP 102 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.025 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG3QG UT WOS:000390959200006 ER PT J AU Buss, HL Lara, MC Moore, OW Kurtz, AC Schulz, MS White, AF AF Buss, Heather L. Lara, Maria Chapela Moore, Oliver W. Kurtz, Andrew C. Schulz, Marjorie S. White, Art F. TI Lithological influences on contemporary and long-term regolith weathering at the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Chemical weathering; Critical zone; Regolith; Saprolite; Soil formation ID GEOCHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; DISSOLUTION RATES; VOLCANIC ISLANDS; QUARTZ DIORITE; SURFACE-AREA; MOUNTAINS; BEDROCK AB Lithologic differences give rise to the differential weatherability of the Earth's surface and globally variable silicate weathering fluxes, which provide an important negative feedback on climate over geologic timescales. To isolate the influence of lithology on weathering rates and mechanisms, we compare two nearby catchments in the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory in Puerto Rico, which have similar climate history, relief and vegetation, but differ in bedrock lithology. Regolith and pore water samples with depth were collected from two ridgetops and at three sites along a slope transect in the volcaniclastic Bisley catchment and compared to existing data from the granitic Rio Icacos catchment. The depth variations of solid-state and pore water chemistry and quantitative mineralogy were used to calculate mass transfer (tau) and weathering solute profiles, which in turn were used to determine weathering mechanisms and to estimate weathering rates. Regolith formed on both lithologies is highly leached of most labile elements, although Mg and K are less depleted in the granitic than in the volcaniclastic profiles, reflecting residual biotite in the granitic regolith not present in the volcaniclastics. Profiles of both lithologies that terminate at bedrock corestones are less weathered at depth, near the rock-regolith interfaces. Mg fluxes in the volcaniclastics derive primarily from dissolution of chlorite near the rock-regolith interface and from dissolution of illite and secondary phases in the upper regolith, whereas in the granitic profile, Mg and K fluxes derive from biotite dissolution. Long-term mineral dissolution rates and weathering fluxes were determined by integrating mass losses over the thickness of solid-state weathering fronts, and are therefore averages over the timescale of regolith development. Resulting long-term dissolution rates for minerals in the volcaniclastic regolith include chlorite: 8.9 x 10(-14) mol m(-2) s(-1), illite: 2.1 x 10(-14) mol m(-2) s(-1) and kaolinite: 4.0 x 10(-14) mol m(-2) s(-1). Long-term weathering fluxes are several orders of magnitude lower in the granitic regolith than in the volcaniclastic, despite higher abundances of several elements in the granitic regolith. Contemporary weathering fluxes were determined from net (rain-corrected) solute profiles and thus represent rates over the residence time of water in the regolith. Contemporary weathering fluxes within the granitic regolith are similar to the long-term fluxes. In contrast, the long-term fluxes are faster than the contemporary fluxes in the volcaniclastic regolith. Contemporary fluxes in the granitic regolith are generally also slightly faster than in the volcaniclastic. The differences in weathering fluxes over space and time between these two watersheds indicate significant lithologic control of chemical weathering mechanisms and rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buss, Heather L.; Lara, Maria Chapela; Moore, Oliver W.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Schulz, Marjorie S.; White, Art F.] US Geol Survey, 325 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. [Kurtz, Andrew C.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Buss, HL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM h.buss@bristol.ac.uk RI Moore, Oliver/E-8696-2017 OI Moore, Oliver/0000-0002-2014-0065 FU USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Project of the National Research Program; NSF Luquillo CZO (NSF) [EAR-0722476, EAR-1331841]; NERC; Conacyt FX This article is dedicated to the memory of our friend and analytical chemist Davisson Vivit (USGS). We also thank USGS personnel for field and laboratory support: Manuel Rosario-Torres, James Shanley, Alex Blum, Bill Evans and Mark Huebner as well as Festo Lugolobi (Boston Univ.), Joel Moore (Towson Univ.) and Carlos Estrada (USFS) and University of Bristol students Bethany Rathbone, Jessica Ecott, and Anne Hunt for optical petrography. We also acknowledge the invaluable advice of Fred Scatena (in memoriam) and funding support from the USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Project of the National Research Program, the NSF Luquillo CZO (NSF EAR-0722476 and EAR-1331841), and PhD fellowships from NERC (for O.W. Moore) and Conacyt (for M. Chapela Lara). We also thank Associate Editor Christophe Tournassat for helpful review and editorial comments as well as those of 3 anonymous reviewers. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 196 BP 224 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.038 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG3QG UT WOS:000390959200013 ER PT J AU Craddock, JP Schmitz, MD Crowley, JL Larocque, J Pankhurst, RJ Juda, N Konstantinou, A Storey, B AF Craddock, John P. Schmitz, Mark D. Crowley, James L. Larocque, Jeremiah Pankhurst, Robert J. Juda, Natalie Konstantinou, Alexandros Storey, Bryan TI Precise U-Pb zircon ages and geochemistry of Jurassic granites, Ellsworth-Whitmore terrane, central Antarctica SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MINNESOTA RIVER VALLEY; WEST ANTARCTICA; TRACE-ELEMENT; BREAK-UP; SUPERIOR PROVINCE; TECTONIC HISTORY; CRUSTAL BLOCKS; FLOOD BASALTS; UNITED-STATES; VICTORIA LAND AB The Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountain terrane of central Antarctica was part of the early Paleozoic amalgamation of Gondwana, including a 13,000 m section of Cambrian-Permian sediments in the Ellsworth Mountains deposited on Grenville-age crust. The Jurassic breakup of Gondwana involved a regional, bimodal magmatic event during which the Ellsworth-Whitmore terrane was intruded by intraplate granites before translation of the terrane to its present location in central Antarctica. Five widely separated granitic plutons in the Ellsworth-Whitmore terrane were analyzed for their whole-rock geochemistry (X-ray fluorescence), Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions, and U-Pb zircon ages to investigate the origins of the terrane magmas and their relationships to mafic magmatism of the 183 Ma Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province (LIP). We report high-precision (+/- 0.1 m.y.) isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (IDTIMS) U-Pb zircon ages from granitic rocks from the Whitmore Mountains (208.0 Ma), Nash Hills (177.4-177.3 Ma), Linck Nunatak (175.3Ma), Pagano Nunatak (174.8 Ma), and the Pirrit Hills (174.3-173.9 Ma), and U-Pb sensitive high- resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) ages from the Whitmore Mountains (200 +/- 5 Ma), Linck Nunatak (180 +/- 4 Ma), Pagano Nunatak (174 +/- 4 Ma), and the Pirrit Hills (168 +/- 4 Ma). We then compared these results with existing K-Ar ages and Nd model ages, and used initial Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios, combined with xenocrystic zircon U-Pb inheritance, to infer characteristics of the source(s) of the parent magmas. We conclude that the Jurassic plutons were not derived exclusively from crustal melts, but rather they are hybridized magmas composed of convecting mantle, subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and lower continental crustal contributions. The mantle contributions to the granites share isotopic similarities to the sources of other Jurassic LIP mafic magmas, including radiogenic Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.706-0.708), unradiogenic Nd-143/Nd-144 (epsilon(Nd) < - 5), and Pb isotopes consistent with a low-mu source (where mu = U-238/Pb-204). Isotopes and zircon xenocrysts point toward a crustal end member of predominantly Proterozoic provenance (0.5-1.0 Ga; Grenville crust), extending the trends illustrated by Ferrar mafic intrusive rocks, but contrasting with the inferred Archean crustal and/or lithospheric mantle contributions to some basalts of the Karoo sector of the LIP. The Ellsworth-Whitmore terrane granites are the result of mafic rocks underplating the hydrous crust, causing crustal melting, hybridization, and fractionation to produce granitic magmas that were eventually emplaced as post-Ferrar, within-plate melts at higher crustal levels as the Ellsworth-Whitmore terrane rifted off Gondwana (47 degrees S) before migrating to its current position (82 degrees S) in central Antarctica. C1 [Craddock, John P.; Juda, Natalie; Konstantinou, Alexandros] Macalester Coll, Dept Geol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Schmitz, Mark D.; Crowley, James L.; Larocque, Jeremiah] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Pankhurst, Robert J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Storey, Bryan] Univ Canterbury, Internat Antarctic Inst, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Juda, Natalie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Konstantinou, Alexandros] Cyprus Hydrocarbons Co, CY-1066 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Craddock, JP (reprint author), Macalester Coll, Dept Geol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM craddock@macalester.edu RI Schmitz, Mark/A-2540-2012 NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 136 DI 10.1130/B31485.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4BM UT WOS:000390988400007 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowzer, JC Bergman, AM Bowker, JD AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowzer, John C. Bergman, Alexis M. Bowker, James D. TI Developing Rested Harvest Strategies for Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA FILLETS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE; FARMED ATLANTIC COD; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; 15 DEGREES-C; CLOVE OIL; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; PRE-SLAUGHTER; PLASMA-CORTISOL AB Harvesting fish for slaughter commonly elicits a generalized stress response, which can negatively affect meat quality and processing efficiency. Sedatives used before or during harvest (i.e., "rested harvest") can minimize these effects. Use of chemical sedatives is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and, unfortunately, none are approved for rested harvest. Electrosedation technology is not currently subject to the same regulatory constraints as chemosedation, but its effectiveness in the context of rested harvest has not been adequately tested. Accordingly, we tested the influence of chemo-and electrosedation rested harvest protocols on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Marketable-sized fish (similar to 500 g/fish) were subjected to 3 min of crowding and chasing directly after capture (control) or following treatment with eugenol (10 mg/L) or one of five DC electrosedation protocols. After the challenge, fish were sampled to determine blood chemistry profiles or slaughtered by dewatering (asphyxia) to determine time to mortality and rigor, processing efficiency, and fillet quality. In addition, another group of Rainbow Trout (similar to 520 g/fish) were slaughtered by dewatering or percussion following sedation and the above-described harvest stressors. Overall, results indicated that rested harvest appears to mitigate some aspects of preslaughter stress in Rainbow Trout. Further, rested harvest, including electrosedation-based protocols, appeared to improve some aspects of product quality and may be perceived as a more humane means of slaughter and harvest. The development of rigor mortis was influenced by slaughter method and was delayed by some, but not all, rested harvest protocols. Percussion appears to offer some advantage over dewatering; however, the high postmortem levels of cortisol observed in percussed fish raises some concern. Further research is needed to unequivocally establish the advantages and disadvantages of rested harvest protocols in Rainbow Trout and other cultured fish, but results to date suggest this approach has some merit. C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.; Bowzer, John C.; Bergman, Alexis M.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse T.] Eagle Fish Hlth Lab, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1800 Trout Rd, Eagle, ID 83416 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.; Trushenski, JT (reprint author), Eagle Fish Hlth Lab, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1800 Trout Rd, Eagle, ID 83416 USA. EM jesse.trushenski@idfg.idaho.gov FU Smith-Root, Inc.; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program [2013-33610-20876] FX The present work would not have been possible without Clear Springs Foods and the company's commitment of time, expertise, and other resources. In particular, we thank Scott LaPatra, Randy Macmillan, Scott Snyder, and Jeff Quinn for their help in planning and carrying out our experiments, as well as the Snake River Farm and Research Center staff who graciously welcomed us into their facilities and helped along the way. Smith-Root, Inc. was also an essential partner, providing equipment, expertise, logistical support, and help in securing funding. Specifically, Carl Burger, Lee Carstensen, and Martin O'Farrell were instrumental in executing the experiments described herein. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support of this research provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program (award 2013-33610-20876). We thank members of our lab at the Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University for their help with project preparation, sample analysis, and data management. We also thank the staff of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Eagle Fish Health Lab for storing and shipping samples when needed. Finally, we thank Josh Goldman of Australis, Inc. for his help in conceptualizing an initial version of the project, and Randal Phillips of Aqui-S New Zealand, Ltd. for providing insight regarding eugenol-based rested harvest protocols. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2017 VL 79 IS 1 BP 36 EP 52 DI 10.1080/15222055.2016.1221009 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EG2LL UT WOS:000390875000008 ER PT J AU Feuerbacher, O Bonar, SA Barrett, PJ AF Feuerbacher, Olin Bonar, Scott A. Barrett, Paul J. TI Enhancing Hatch Rate and Survival in Laboratory-Reared Hybrid Devils Hole Pupfish through Application of Antibiotics to Eggs and Larvae SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT EGGS; IN-VITRO; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; PROBIOTIC BACTERIA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUACULTURE; FISH; RESISTANCE; EFFICACY AB We evaluated the effectiveness of four antibiotics in enhancing the hatch rate, larval survival, and adult survival of hybrid Devils Hole Pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis (hybridized with Ash Meadows Amargosa Pupfish C. nevadensis mionectes). Cephalexin (CEX; concentration = 6.6 mg/L of water), chloramphenicol (CAM; 50 mg/L), erythromycin (ERY; 12.5 mg/L), and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; 25 mg/L) were applied as a constant bath either to incubating eggs or to larvae that hatched from untreated eggs. Hatch rate was roughly doubled by incubation in the presence of CAM (68% hatch) and TMP-SMX (66%) relative to the control (28%). Cephalexin and ERY conferred no benefit upon the hatch rate. Among fry that hatched from treated eggs, there was no increase in 15-d larval survival. However, fish that hatched from eggs treated with CAM, ERY, and TMP-SMX demonstrated enhanced survival at 360 d (51.2, 38.4, and 43.6%, respectively) and at 540 d (22.6, 6.8, and 20.2%, respectively); the untreated control had no survivors to those time points. All groups of eggs treated with antibiotics showed reductions in bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) at 24 h posttreatment. At 120 h posttreatment, CEX-treated eggs had CFU counts similar to those of the control, whereas the TMP-SMX-treated eggs had the lowest CFU counts. Eggs treated with CAM and ERY had similar CFU counts, which were significantly reduced from the control counts. Larvae that were treated with CAM and TMP-SMX within 12 h posthatch showed enhanced 15-d survival (74% and 72%, respectively) in comparison with the control (56%). For pupfish rearing efforts in which antibiotic use is appropriate, CAM and TMP-SMX appear to provide the greatest benefit, particularly when applied to incubating eggs rather than to hatched larvae. C1 [Feuerbacher, Olin] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barrett, Paul J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4701 North Torrey Pines Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. [Feuerbacher, Olin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ash Meadows Fish Conservat Facil, HCR 70,Box 610-Z, Amargosa Valley, NV 89020 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); University of Arizona (UA); USFWS [843208J477] FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the University of Arizona (UA) for project funding. The majority of funding for this work was provided through USFWS Cooperative Agreement 843208J477. The Nevada Division of Wildlife (NDOW) and the National Park Service (NPS) also provided essential support. We thank Ambre Chaudoin, Justin Mapula, Matt Recsetar, and Lisa Trestik (UA) for their assistance with fish care and experiments; Arcadio Valdes Gonzalez (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Mexico) for advice on pupfish propagation; Kevin Wilson, Mike Bower, and Bailey Gaines (NPS) for experiment and logistical assistance; Lee Simons, Darrick Weissenfluh, Mike Senn, and Bob Williams (USFWS) for project oversight, technical advice, and manuscript review; and Jim Deacon (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) and Jon Sjoberg (NDOW) for their technical guidance and insight. All research was conducted in accordance with UA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol Number 09-088. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2017 VL 79 IS 1 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1080/15222055.2016.1240123 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EG2LL UT WOS:000390875000003 ER PT J AU Robinson, ML Debey, TM Higginbotham, JF AF Robinson, Matthew Loren DeBey, Timothy M. Higginbotham, Jack F. TI Benchmarking criticality analysis of TRIGA fuel storage racks SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Research reactor fuel storage; Benchmarking subcritical Keff; MCNP5; TRIGA fuel AB A criticality analysis was benchmarked to sub-criticality measurements of the hexagonal fuel storage racks at the United States Geological Survey TRIGA MARK I reactor in Denver. These racks, which hold up to 19 fuel elements each, are arranged at 0.61 m (2 feet) spacings around the outer edge of the reactor. A 3-dimensional model was created of the racks using MCNP5, and the model was verified experimentally by comparison to measured subcritical multiplication data collected in an approach to critical loading of two of the racks. The validated model was then used to show that in the extreme condition where the entire circumference of the pool was lined with racks loaded with used fuel the storage array is subcritical with a k value of about 0.71; well below the regulatory limit of 0.8. A model was also constructed of the rectangular 2x10 fuel storage array used in many other TRIGA reactors to validate the technique against the original TRIGA licensing sub-critical analysis performed in 1966. The fuel used in this study was standard 20% enriched (LEU) aluminum or stainless steel clad TRIGA fuel. C1 [Robinson, Matthew Loren; Higginbotham, Jack F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, 92 Kerr Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [DeBey, Timothy M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Higginbotham, JF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, 92 Kerr Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robimatt@oregonstate.edu; Jack.higginbotham@oregonstate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 119 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.08.019 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA EF7KK UT WOS:000390508300003 PM 27829182 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Katz, RA Richgels, KLD Walsh, DP Grant, EHC AF Russell, Robin E. Katz, Rachel A. Richgels, Katherine L. D. Walsh, Daniel P. Grant, Evan H. C. TI A Framework for Modeling Emerging Diseases to Inform Management SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; OCCUPANCY MODELS; DECISION-MAKING; WILDLIFE; UNCERTAINTY; ECOLOGY; EMERGENCE; NETWORKS; RISK; TRANSMISSION AB The rapid emergence and reemergence of zoonotic diseases requires the ability to rapidly evaluate and implement optimal management decisions. Actions to control or mitigate the effects of emerging pathogens are commonly delayed because of uncertainty in the estimates and the predicted outcomes of the control tactics. The development of models that describe the best-known information regarding the disease system at the early stages of disease emergence is an essential step for optimal decision-making. Models can predict the potential effects of the pathogen, provide guidance for assessing the likelihood of success of different proposed management actions, quantify the uncertainty surrounding the choice of the optimal decision, and highlight critical areas for immediate research. We demonstrate how to develop models that can be used as a part of a decision making framework to determine the likelihood of success of different management actions given current knowledge. C1 [Russell, Robin E.; Richgels, Katherine L. D.; Walsh, Daniel P.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. [Katz, Rachel A.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Katz, Rachel A.; Grant, Evan H. C.] US Geol Survey, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Richgels, Katherine L. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rerussell@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.3201/eid2301.161452 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EG2AV UT WOS:000390836400001 PM 27983501 ER PT J AU Foley, MM Mease, LA Martone, RG Prahler, EE Morrison, TH Murray, CC Wojcik, D AF Foley, Melissa M. Mease, Lindley A. Martone, Rebecca G. Prahler, Erin E. Morrison, Tiffany H. Murray, Cathryn Clarke Wojcik, Deborah TI The challenges and opportunities in cumulative effects assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Cumulative effects analysis; Cumulative effects assessment; Baseline; Significance; Scale; Thresholds ID HUMAN IMPACTS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; CANADA; BIODIVERSITY; STRESSORS; SYSTEMS AB The cumulative effects of increasing human use of the ocean and coastal zone have contributed to a rapid decline in ocean and coastal resources. As a result, scientists are investigating how multiple, overlapping stressors accumulate in the environment and impact ecosystems. These investigations are the foundation for the development of new tools that account for and predict cumulative effects in order to more adequately prevent or mitigate negative effects. Despite scientific advances, legal requirements, and management guidance, those who conduct assessments including resource managers, agency staff, and consultants continue to struggle to thoroughly evaluate cumulative effects, particularly as part of the environmental assessment process. Even though 45 years have passed since the United States National Environmental Policy Act was enacted, which set a precedent for environmental assessment around the world, defining impacts, baseline, scale, and significance are still major challenges associated with assessing cumulative effects. In addition, we know little about how practitioners tackle these challenges or how assessment aligns with current scientific recommendations. To shed more light on these challenges and gaps, we-undertook a comparative study on how cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is conducted by practitioners operating under some of the most well-developed environmental laws around the globe: California, USA; British Columbia, Canada; Queensland, Australia; and New Zealand. We found that practitioners used a broad and varied, definition of impact for CEA, which led to differences in how baseline, scale, and significance were determined. We also found that practice and science are not closely aligned and, as such, we highlight opportunities for managers, policy makers, practitioners, and scientists to improve environmental assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.; Martone, Rebecca G.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Mease, Lindley A.; Prahler, Erin E.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Morrison, Tiffany H.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Murray, Cathryn Clarke] WWF Canada, 409 Granville St,Suite 1588, Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2, Canada. [Wojcik, Deborah] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Foley, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mfoley@usgs.gov; lamease@stanford.edu; rmartone@stanford.edu; tiffany.morrison@jcu.edu.au; cmurray@pices.int; deb.wojcik@duke.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX The survey was conducted under IRB permit # 26398 from Stanford University. Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to the Center for Ocean Solutions. We are grateful to A Erickson and M. Caldwell for helping refine our survey questions. M. Loughney Melius, M. Mach, S. Reiter, M. Gleason, G. Guntenspergen, and three anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments and edits to a previous version of the manuscript. Our sincere gratitude to the practitioners who completed the survey. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0195-9255 EI 1873-6432 J9 ENVIRON IMPACT ASSES JI Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.eiar.2016.06.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF9CS UT WOS:000390628900012 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Alvarez, DA Mahler, BJ Nowell, L Sandstrom, M Moran, P AF Van Metre, Peter C. Alvarez, David A. Mahler, Barbara J. Nowell, Lisa Sandstrom, Mark Moran, Patrick TI Complex mixtures of Pesticides in Midwest US streams indicated by POCIS time-integrating samplers SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Insecticides; Imidacloprid; Pyrethroids ID HYDROPHILIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; UNITED-STATES; WATER; TOXICITY; FIPRONIL; CALIFORNIA; RIVERS; FIELD AB The Midwest United States is an intensely agricultural region where pesticides in streams pose risks to aquatic biota, but temporal variability in pesticide concentrations makes characterization of their exposure to organisms challenging. To compensate for the effects of temporal variability, we deployed polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) in 100 small streams across the Midwest for about 5 weeks during summer 2013 and analyzed the extracts for 227 pesticide compounds. Analysis of water samples collected weekly for pesticides during POCIS deployment allowed for comparison of POCIS results with periodic water-sampling results. The median number of pesticides detected in POCIS extracts was 62, and 141 compounds were detected at least once, indicating a high level of pesticide contamination of streams in the region. Sixty-five of the 141 compounds detected were pesticide degradates. Mean water concentrations estimated using published POCIS sampling rates strongly correlated with means of weekly water samples collected concurrently, however, the POCIS-estimated concentrations generally were lower than the measured water concentrations. Summed herbicide concentrations (units of ng/POCIS) were greater at agricultural sites than at urban sites but summed concentrations of insecticides and fungicides were greater at urban sites. Consistent with these differences, summed concentrations of herbicides correlate to percent cultivated crops in the watersheds and summed concentrations of insecticides and fungicides correlate to percent urban land use. With the exception of malathion concentrations at nine sites, POCIS-estimated water concentrations of pesticides were lower than aquatic-life benchmarks. The POCIS provide an alternative approach to traditional water sampling for characterizing chronic exposure to pesticides in streams across the Midwest region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.] US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, 4200 E New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nowell, Lisa] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sandstrom, Mark] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Moran, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU USGS National Water Quality Program FX This study was funded by the USGS National Water Quality Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We wish to thank the many people from U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Midwest States who participated in the Midwest Stream Quality Assessment. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 220 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.085 PN A PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG0QG UT WOS:000390736700047 PM 27697376 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Yesavage, T Foley, NK AF Bern, Carleton R. Yesavage, Tiffany Foley, Nora K. TI Ion-adsorption REEs in regolith of the Liberty Hill pluton, South Carolina, USA: An effect of hydrothermal alteration SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Liberty Hill pluton; Rare earth elements; Ion adsorption clay deposits; Hydrothermal alteration; Weathering ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; JIANGXI PROVINCE; BEARING MINERALS; GRANITOID ROCKS; WEATHERED CRUST; GEOCHEMISTRY; MOBILITY; MINERALIZATION; DEPOSITS; CHINA AB Ion-adsorbed rare earth element (REE) deposits supply the majority of world heavy REE production and substantial light REE production, but relatively little is known of their occurrence outside Southeast Asia. We examined the distribution and forms of REEs on a North American pluton located in the highly weathered and slowly eroding South Carolina Piedmont. The Hercynian Liberty Hill pluton experiences a modern climate that includes similar to 1500 mm annual rainfall and a mean annual temperature of 17 degrees C. The pluton is medium- to coarse-grained biotite-amphibole granite with minor biotite granite facies. REE-bearing phases are diverse and include monazite, zircon, titanite, allanite, apatite and bastnasite. Weathered profiles were sampled up to 7 m-deep across the similar to 400 km(2) pluton. In one profile, ion-adsorbed REEs plus yttrium (REE + Y) ranged up to 581 mg/kg and accounted for up to 77% of total REE + Y in saprolite. In other profiles, ion-adsorbed REE + Y ranged 12-194 mg/kg and only accounted for 3-37% of totals. The profile most enriched in ion-adsorbed REEs was located along the mapped boundary of two granite facies and contained trioctahedral smectite in the saprolite, evidence suggestive of hydrothermal alteration of biotite at that location. Post-emplacement deuteric alteration can generate easily weathered REE phases, particularly fluorocarbonates. In the case of Liberty Hill, hydrothermal alteration may have converted less soluble to more soluble REE minerals. Additionally, regolith P content was inversely correlated with the fraction ion-adsorbed REEs, and weathering related secondary REE-phosphates were found in some regolith profiles. Both patterns illustrate how low P content aids in the accumulation of ion-adsorbed REEs. The localized occurrence at Liberty Hill sheds light on conditions and processes that generate ion-adsorbed REEs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.; Yesavage, Tiffany] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Foley, Nora K.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral Resources & Environm Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 FU Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey under the project "Unconventional Resources of Rare Elements: The Bearing of Source and Process on the Genesis of Residual Deposits" FX Funding for this work was provided by the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey under the project "Unconventional Resources of Rare Elements: The Bearing of Source and Process on the Genesis of Residual Deposits." Richard Grauch and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the paper. We thank the companies and individuals who provided access for sampling in the Liberty Hill area. Bernard Hubbard assisted with fieldwork. Monique Adams and Jay Reitman conducted analyses by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. William Benzel assisted with clay mineralogical analyses and Harvey Belkin and Heather Lowers contributed valuable expertise relating to EMPA and SEM. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 172 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.09.009 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF9TM UT WOS:000390673500003 ER PT J AU Quan, YB Hao, F Liu, JZ Zhao, DJ Tian, JQ Wang, ZF AF Quan, Yongbin Hao, Fang Liu, Jianzhang Zhao, Dijiang Tian, Jinqiang Wang, Zhenfeng TI Source rock deposition controlled by tectonic subsidence and climate in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, China: Evidence from organic and inorganic geochemistry SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Source rock; Organic matter input; Sedimentary environment; Source rock depositional model ID OIL-SOURCE CORRELATION; CRUDE OILS; PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; LAKE BASIN; SEA; HYDROCARBON; ORIGIN; ENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENTS; OFFSHORE AB Interest in factors controlling lacustrine source rock deposition has increased over the last few decades because this type of deposits contain significant petroleum resources. Generally, tectonic subsidence and climate are the two root causes as they control the accommodation potential, water column properties and sources of organic matter. In this study, coupling organic geochemical and elemental geochemical data, two potential source rocks, i.e., the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E(2)w) and Oligocene Enping Formation (E(3)e) were investigated. Two models were finally raised to explain deposition of the two set of source rocks according to their paleoclimatic and tectonic properties. The source rock potential shows a strong heterogeneity. The second member of the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E(2)w(2)) is characterized by high organic matter content and oil-prone kerogen type. In contrast, the first member of the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E(2)w(1)) and the Oligocene Enping formation (E(3)e) are characterized by low organic matter content and gas -prone kerogen type. The primary productivity and depositional environment exhibit notable differences between the two potential source rocks horizons and show an obvious variation from the depocenter to the slope and can be best explained by the coevolution of tectonic subsidence and climate. During the E(2)w depositional stage, low sediment supply led to mudstone deposited in deep lacustrine environment and resulted in underfilled lake basin. The low water inflow provided little terrigenous organic matter (low bicadinane, perylene and floranthene contents) and oxygen. Besides, the low area/depth ratio impeded the water circulation, thus resulted in shallow thermocline and anoxic-suboxic bottom environment (abundant dibenzothiophene and high C-35/C(31)22S hopane ratios). Therefore abundant algae, which contributed to the high amorphous organic matter (AOM) content, can be preserved. The warm and wet climate (high Mn/Mg ratios) gave birth to autochthonous organism, such as dinoflagellates and Pavlova gyrans (abundant 4-methyl sterane). During the E(3)e depositional stage, the sufficient sedimentary supply resulted in expanding, shallow lacustrine and swamp environment. The higher area/depth ratio and high sediment supply made environment unstable and can be strongly influenced by external environment (broader range of Mn/Mg ratios). Enough terrigenous organic matter (TOM) was transported to the slope but little to the depocenter. The slightly hot and dry climate (low Mn/Mg ratios) led to decreasing autochthonous organism and evaporation environment. The shallow water depth and relative dry climate resulted in saline, suboxicdysoxic acid bottom environment. The co-variation of organic and inorganic indexes indicates the combination is a valid method in reconstructing source rock depositional models. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quan, Yongbin; Hao, Fang; Liu, Jianzhang; Tian, Jinqiang] China Univ Geosci, Key Lab Tecton & Petr Resources, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Dijiang] China Natl Offshore Oil Co Ltd, Tianjin Branch, Tianjin 300452, Peoples R China. [Tian, Jinqiang] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Wang, Zhenfeng] China Natl Offshore Oil Co Ltd, Zhanjiang Branch, Zhanjiang 524000, Peoples R China. RP Hao, F (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Key Lab Tecton & Petr Resources, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM haofang@cug.edu.cn FU Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources; China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) [TPR-2014-17]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41002039]; China Scholarship Council [201606410021] FX This study was supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (grant number TPR-2014-17), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41002039) and financial support from the program of China Scholarship Council (No. 201606410021). The authors would like to thank the Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC Ltd. for kindly providing part of the data in this study. We also want to thank Dr Pawel Kosakowski and one anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments which significantly improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 79 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.10.028 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EF9BC UT WOS:000390624700001 ER PT J AU Bayse, SM He, PG AF Bayse, Shannon M. He, Pingguo TI Technical conservation measures in New England small-mesh trawl fisheries: Current status and future prospects SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Bycatch reduction devices; Fish behavior; Small-mesh trawl; Squid trawl; Shrimp trawl ID HAKE MERLUCCIUS-BILINEARIS; PINK SHRIMP FISHERY; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SIZE-SORTING SYSTEM; BYCATCH REDUCTION; OTTER TRAWL; FINFISH BYCATCH; VISUAL-STIMULI; BLACK TUNNEL; BY-CATCH AB Small-mesh otter trawls, which use 76 mm or less codend mesh sizes, are considered "exempt" gears in some fishery management plans in the US. In New England, small-mesh trawls are utilized to capture small-bodied Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), and longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii), which are too small to be retained by traditional "large-mesh" groundfish trawls with 165 mm mesh size codends. Due to small-mesh codends, these fisheries have historically discarded large amounts of important, juvenile groundfish species along with other bycatch species. Bycatch reduction strategies in these fisheries have focused on the design and implementation of bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) that separate target and bycatch species within the trawl. Species separation in small-mesh trawls often rely on behavioral differences between target and bycatch species, which are typically determined using under water video recordings. Behavioral differences, which occur at the BRD, allow the capture of targeted species and the escape of bycatch species. This paper reviewed BRD research and implementation in these fisheries, and discussed existing issues and future directions for research and development. This review suggests that: (1) the Northern shrimp fishery can improve bycatch reduction by combining additional BRDs with the Nordmore grid, and preferably the BRDs should be placed in the front part of the trawl to reduce bycatch stress and injury; (2) the silver hake fishery should be allowed more BRD options throughout its fishery; (3) and the longfin inshore squid fishery should apply drop-chain-style trawls to reduce the capture of demersal species, but more research remains to reduce the capture of schooling, pelagic fish. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bayse, Shannon M.; He, Pingguo] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Bayse, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Bayse, SM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.; Bayse, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM sbayse@umassd.edu NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.11.009 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA EG0RG UT WOS:000390739300009 ER PT J AU Leis, EM Rosser, TG Baumgartner, WA Griffin, MJ AF Leis, Eric M. Rosser, Thomas G. Baumgartner, Wes A. Griffin, Matt J. TI Henneguya laseeae n. sp from flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in the upper Mississippi River SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Henneguya laseeae n. sp.; Pylodictis olivaris; Mississippi River ID PROLIFERATIVE GILL DISEASE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SALMONID FISHES; BLUE CATFISH; DNA-SEQUENCE; SP MYXOZOA; MYXOSPOREA; MYXOBOLIDAE AB A novel species of Henneguya was isolated from flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) captured in the upper Mississippi River near Lansing (Allamakee County), IA, and La Crosse (La Crosse County), WI. Designated Henneguya laseeae n. sp., this novel species is described using critical morphological features, histology, and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. Ovoid cysts, ranging from 1200 to 1800 mu m in width, tended to be at filament tips or in the distal third, often directly on the filament midline, but occasionally paramedian. Lanceolate-shaped myxospores were consistent with those of the genus Henneguya. The spore body was 16.2 +/- 0.5 mu m (mean +/- standard deviation; range = 15.1-17.0 mu m) in length, 6.0 +/- 0.4 mu m (5.1-6.6 mu m) in width, and 4.7 +/- 0.2 mu m (4.4-4.9 mu m) thick. The two polar capsules at the anterior of the spore body were 5.9 +/- 0.3 mu m (5.3-6.3 mu m) in length and 1.8 +/- 0.1 mu m (1.6-2.1 mu m) in width and contained six to seven turns in the polar filament. The caudal processes tapered to fine points and were 54.3 +/- 2.9 mu m (49.1-61.7 mu m) in length. Total spore length was 70.4 +/- 3.3 mu m (64.5-79.4 mu m). The spores and plasmodium of this species are of similar size and morphology to other species of Henneguya from ictalurid fishes. Additionally, the 18S rRNA gene sequences placed this isolate within a clade populated by Henneguya spp. from North American ictalurids. This is the first reported species of Henneguya from flathead catfish. C1 [Leis, Eric M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Rosser, Thomas G.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Baumgartner, Wes A.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Griffin, Matt J.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Leis, EM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM eric_leis@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine FX The authors would like to thank John Fisher, National Conservation Training Center Library (US Fish and Wildlife Service), for the assistance in obtaining the reference articles; Andrew Bartels, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and Kyle Mosel, US Fish and Wildlife Service, for their help in collecting fish for the initial assessment; and Mohn's Fish Market in Lansing, IA, for kindly providing fish. This work was supported in part by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Usage of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government or Mississippi State University. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 116 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s00436-016-5264-2 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EF8GZ UT WOS:000390568500008 PM 27704217 ER PT J AU Khan, NS Ashe, E Horton, BP Dutton, A Kopp, RE Brocard, G Engelhart, SE Hill, DF Peltier, WR Vane, CH Scatena, FN AF Khan, Nicole S. Ashe, Erica Horton, Benjamin P. Dutton, Andrea Kopp, Robert E. Brocard, Gilles Engelhart, Simon E. Hill, David F. Peltier, W. R. Vane, Christopher H. Scatena, Fred N. TI Drivers of Holocene sea-level change in the Caribbean SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Holocene; Relative sea level; Caribbean; Glacial-isostatic adjustment; Vertical tectonic motion; Hierarchical statistical modeling ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ISOLATED CARBONATE PLATFORMS; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; WEST-INDIES; ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES; GRAND-CAYMAN AB We present a Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) database for the Caribbean region (5 degrees N to 25 degrees N and 55 degrees W to 90 degrees W) that consists of 499 sea-level index points and 238 limiting dates. The database was compiled from multiple sea-level indicators (mangrove peat, microbial mats, beach rock and acroporid and massive corals). We subdivided the database into 20 regions to investigate the influence of tectonics and glacial isostatic adjustment on RSL. We account for the local-scale processes of sediment compaction and tidal range change using the stratigraphic position (overburden thickness) of index points and paleotidal modeling, respectively. We use a spatio-temporal empirical hierarchical model to estimate RSL position and its rates of change in the Caribbean over 1-ka time slices. Because of meltwater input, the rates of RSL change were highest during the early Holocene, with a maximum of 10.9 t 0.6 mika in Suriname and Guyana and minimum of 7.4 +/- 0.7 m/ka in south Florida from 12 to 8 ka. Following complete deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) by 7 ka, mid-to late-Holocene rates slowed to < 2.4 +/- 0.4 m/ka. The hierarchical model constrains the spatial extent of the mid-Holocene highstand. RSL did not exceed the present height during the Holocene, except on the northern coast of South America, where in Suriname and Guyana, RSL attained a height higher than present by 6.6 ka (82% probability). The highstand reached a maximum elevation of +1.0 +/- 1.1 m between 5.3 and 5.2 ka. Regions with a highstand were located furthest away from the former LIS, where the effects from ocean syphoning and hydro-isostasy outweigh the influence of subsidence from forebulge collapse. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Khan, Nicole S.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Khan, Nicole S.; Ashe, Erica; Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08091 USA. [Khan, Nicole S.; Ashe, Erica; Horton, Benjamin P.; Kopp, Robert E.] Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Ashe, Erica] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat & Biostat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ashe, Erica] CCICADA, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dutton, Andrea] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Dutton, Andrea] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Energy Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Brocard, Gilles; Scatena, Fred N.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 240 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hill, David F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peltier, W. R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, Ctr Environm Sci, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RP Khan, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nkhan@usgs.gov RI Peltier, William/A-1102-2008; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/H-4822-2011; Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; OI BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/0000-0003-3097-5530; Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU NSF [OCE-1458903, OCE-1458904, OCE-1402017, EAR-1419366, CIF21 DIBBs-1443037, 1145200, ARC-1203415]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Research and Development Program; IGCP Project [639] FX This research was supported by NSF grants OCE-1458903, OCE-1458904, OCE-1402017, EAR-1419366, CIF21 DIBBs-1443037, 1145200 and ARC-1203415 and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology and Climate Research and Development Programs. The authors acknowledge the researchers who collected the original data used in this study and thank them for their assistance, particularly to those who supplied activity ratio measurements for U-Th ages. We also thank our colleagues Matteo Vacchi, Torbjorn Tornqvist, and Marc Hijma for their guidance in aspects of data interpretation. We acknowledge Matt Peros, who shared data with the authors that was helpful in bringing this work into fruition. This paper is a contribution to PALSEA2 and IGCP Project 639. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague Fred Scatena. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 202 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 155 BP 13 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.08.032 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EF9BW UT WOS:000390626700002 ER PT J AU Flores, CH ten Brink, US McGuire, JJ Collins, JA AF Flores, Claudia H. ten Brink, Uri S. McGuire, Jeffrey J. Collins, John A. TI Observations of Seismicity and Ground Motion in the Northeast US Atlantic Margin from Ocean-Bottom Seismometer Data SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TSUNAMI HAZARD; UNITED-STATES; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; EAST-COAST; AMERICA; EARTHQUAKES; ATTENUATION; SEISMOLOGY; PREDICTION; NOISE AB Earthquake data from two short-period ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) networks deployed for over a year on the continental slope off New York and southern New England were used to evaluate seismicity and ground motions along the continental margin. Our OBS networks located only one earthquake of M-c similar to 1.5 near the shelf edge during six months of recording, suggesting that seismic activity (M-Lg > 3.0) of the margin as far as 150-200 km offshore is probably successfully monitored by land stations without the need for OBS deployments. The spectral acceleration from two local earthquakes recorded by the OBS was found to be generally similar to the acceleration from these earthquakes recorded at several seismic stations on land and to hybrid empirical acceleration relationships for eastern North America. Therefore, the seismic attenuation used for eastern North America can be extended in this region at least to the continental slope. However, additional offshore studies are needed to verify these preliminary conclusions. C1 [Flores, Claudia H.; ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McGuire, Jeffrey J.; Collins, John A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS 24, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Flores, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cflores@usgs.gov; utenbrink@usgs.gov; jmcguire@whoi.edu; jcollins@whoi.edu FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission [V6166] FX We would like to thank Daniel McNamara for his thoughtful internal review that greatly improved this article. We also want to thank John Ebel, Richard Lee, and two other reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. Conversations with Nathaniel Miller were also helpful. This project was partially funded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under NRC Job Number V6166. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1785/0220160079 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG1IH UT WOS:000390785200005 ER PT J AU Bossu, R Landes, M Roussel, F Steed, R Mazet-Roux, G Martin, SS Hough, S AF Bossu, Remy Landes, Matthieu Roussel, Frederic Steed, Robert Mazet-Roux, Gilles Martin, Stacey S. Hough, Susan TI Thumbnail-Based Questionnaires for the Rapid and Efficient Collection of Macroseismic Data from Global Earthquakes SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTIONS; INTENSITY DATA; INDIA; NEPAL; MAGNITUDE; INTERNET; GORKHA AB The collection of earthquake testimonies (i.e., qualitative descriptions of felt shaking) is essential for macroseismic studies (i.e., studies gathering information on how strongly an earthquake was felt in different places), and when done rapidly and systematically, improves situational awareness and in turn can contribute to efficient emergency response. In this study, we present advances made in the collection of testimonies following earthquakes around the world using a thumbnail-based questionnaire implemented on the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) smartphone app and its website compatible for mobile devices. In both instances, the questionnaire consists of a selection of thumbnails, each representing an intensity level of the European Macroseismic Scale 1998. We find that testimonies are collected faster, and in larger numbers, by way of thumbnail-based questionnaires than by more traditional online questionnaires. Responses were received from all seismically active regions of our planet, suggesting that thumbnails overcome language barriers. We also observed that the app is not sufficient on its own, because the websites are the main source of testimonies when an earthquake strikes a region for the first time in a while; it is only for subsequent shocks that the app is widely used. Notably though, the speed of the collection of testimonies increases significantly when the app is used. We find that automated EMSC intensities as assigned by user-specified thumbnails are, on average, well correlated with "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) responses and with the three independently and manually derived macroseismic datasets, but there is a tendency for EMSC to be biased low with respect to DYFI at moderate and large intensities. We address this by proposing a simple adjustment that will be verified in future earthquakes. C1 [Bossu, Remy; Landes, Matthieu; Roussel, Frederic; Steed, Robert; Mazet-Roux, Gilles] CEA Ctr DAM Ile France, European Mediterranean Seismol Ctr, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Martin, Stacey S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, 50 Nanyang Ave,N2-01a-14, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Hough, Susan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Bossu, Remy] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RP Bossu, R (reprint author), CEA Ctr DAM Ile France, European Mediterranean Seismol Ctr, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM bossu@emsc-csem.org; matthieu.landes@emsc-csem.org; roussel@emsc-csem.org; robert.steed@emsc-csem.org; mazet@emsc-csem.org; 7point1@gmail.com; hough@usgs.gov FU European Union's Horizon research and innovation program through the European Plate Observing System-Internet Protocol (EPOS-IP) project [676564]; Kerry Sieh through the National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative FX The authors want to thank Vince Quitoriano and David Wald at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for answering our questions about the "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) system during the preparation of this manuscript and Jim Dewey and Erin Burkett for their constructive and helpful remarks. As with all the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) activities, this work would not have been possible without the constant help, support, and exchanges with our members' institutes. We also want to thank the members of the public who have been contributing to the improvement of the LastQuake app through their feedback. This work has been partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the European Plate Observing System-Internet Protocol (EPOS-IP) project (Grant Agreement number 676564). S. S. M. was supported by Kerry Sieh through the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1785/0220160120 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG1IH UT WOS:000390785200010 ER PT J AU Filson, JR Arabasz, WJ AF Filson, John R. Arabasz, Walter J. TI Origins of a National Seismic System in the United States SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID REAL-TIME SEISMOLOGY; SEISMOGRAPH NETWORK AB This historical review traces the origins of the current national seismic system in the United States, a cooperative effort that unifies national, regional, and local-scale seismic monitoring within the structure of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). The review covers (1) the history and technological evolution of U.S. seismic networks leading up to the 1990s, (2) factors that made the 1960s and 1970s a watershed period for national attention to seismology, earthquake hazards, and seismic monitoring, (3) genesis of the vision of a national seismic system during 1980-1983, (4) obstacles and breakthroughs during 1984-1989, (5) consensus building and convergence during 1990-1992, and finally (6) the two-step realization of a national system during 1993-2000. Particular importance is placed on developments during the period between 1980 and 1993 that culminated in the adoption of a charter for the Council of the National Seismic System (CNSS)-the foundation for the later ANSS. Central to this story is how many individuals worked together toward a common goal of a more rational and sustainable approach to national earthquake monitoring in the United States. The review ends with the emergence of ANSS during 1999 and 2000 and its statutory authorization by Congress in November 2000. C1 [Filson, John R.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arabasz, Walter J.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 South 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Filson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfilson@usgs.gov; arabasz@seis.utah.edu NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1785/0220160039 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG1IH UT WOS:000390785200017 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH Bauer, RA Chung, JW Rogers, JD Pierce, L Voigt, V Mitchell, B Gaunt, D Williams, RA Hoffman, D Hempen, GL Steckel, PJ Boyd, OS Watkins, CM Tucker, K McCallister, NS AF Cramer, Chris H. Bauer, Robert A. Chung, Jae-Won Rogers, J. David Pierce, Larry Voigt, Vicki Mitchell, Brad Gaunt, David Williams, Robert A. Hoffman, David Hempen, Gregory L. Steckel, Phyllis J. Boyd, Oliver S. Watkins, Connor M. Tucker, Kathleen McCallister, Natasha S. TI St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project: Seismic and Liquefaction Hazard Maps SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; MEMPHIS; PROBABILITY; ATTENUATION; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; TENNESSEE; SOILS; LPI AB We present probabilistic and deterministic seismic and liquefaction hazard maps for the densely populated St. Louis metropolitan area that account for the expected effects of surficial geology on earthquake ground shaking. Hazard calculations were based on a map grid of 0.005 degrees, or about every 500 m, and are thus higher in resolution than any earlier studies. To estimate ground motions at the surface of the model (e.g., site amplification), we used a new detailed near-surface shear-wave velocity model in a 1D equivalent- linear response analysis. When compared with the 2014 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model, which uses a uniform firm-rock-site condition, the new probabilistic seismic-hazard estimates document much more variability. Hazard levels for upland sites (consisting of bedrock and weathered bedrock overlain by loess-covered till and drift deposits), show up to twice the ground-motion values for peak ground acceleration (PGA), and similar ground-motion values for 1.0 s spectral acceleration (SA). Probabilistic ground-motion levels for lowland alluvial floodplain sites (generally the 20-40-m-thick modern Mississippi and Missouri River floodplain deposits overlying bedrock) exhibit up to twice the ground-motion levels for PGA, and up to three times the ground-motion levels for 1.0 s SA. Liquefaction probability curves were developed from available standard penetration test data assuming typical lowland and upland water table levels. A simplified liquefaction hazard map was created from the 5%-in-50-year probabilistic ground-shaking model. The liquefaction hazard ranges from low (<40% of area expected to liquefy) in the uplands to severe (>60% of area expected to liquefy) in the lowlands. Because many transportation routes, power and gas transmission lines, and population centers exist in or on the highly susceptible lowland alluvium, these areas in the St. Louis region are at significant potential risk from seismically induced liquefaction and associated ground deformation. C1 [Cramer, Chris H.; Tucker, Kathleen] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Bauer, Robert A.] Illinois State Geol Survey, Champlaign, IL 61820 USA. [Chung, Jae-Won; Rogers, J. David; Hoffman, David] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Pierce, Larry; Voigt, Vicki; Mitchell, Brad; Gaunt, David] Missouri Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65402 USA. [Williams, Robert A.; Boyd, Oliver S.; Watkins, Connor M.; McCallister, Natasha S.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Steckel, Phyllis J.] Earthquake Insights LLC, Washington, MO 63090 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM ccramer@memphis.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program, Department of Interior, under USGS Awards [GP13AP00030, G11AP20124, G11AP20125, G10AC00224, G09AP00008, G08HQRG0016] FX This research was supported by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program, Department of Interior, under USGS Awards, including GP13AP00030, G11AP20124, G11AP20125, G10AC00224, G09AP00008, and G08HQRG0016. Members of the St. Louis project have worked with local partners to develop detailed maps for urban areas vulnerable to strong ground shaking. In the St. Louis area, these partners include the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at the University of Memphis, Missouri University of Science and Technology-Rolla (Missouri S&T), Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), Saint Louis University, Missouri State Emergency Management Agency, and the URS Corporation. The urban hazard maps for the 29 quadrangle St. Louis study area have been produced and evaluated by St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP). The authors gratefully acknowledge reviews by Art Frankel, Chuck Mueller, Jill MCarthy, and an anonymous journal reviewer, which greatly helped to improve the article. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1 BP 206 EP 223 DI 10.1785/0220160028 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG1IH UT WOS:000390785200022 ER PT J AU Pratt, T Goulet, C Boyd, O AF Pratt, Thomas Goulet, Christine Boyd, Oliver TI 2016 Eastern Section SSA Annual Meeting Report Reston, Virginia USA 23-26 October 2016 SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 [Pratt, Thomas] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Goulet, Christine] PEER Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Boyd, Oliver] USGS, Golden, CO USA. RP Pratt, T (reprint author), USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); USGS; Nanometrics; RefTek FX We thank Heidi Milan and Jamie Issa of the Sheraton Hotel for working with the meeting organizers in all aspects of the meeting logistics. Jean Weaver of the USGS, Reston, oversaw the registration table with the help from Lauryn Nemeth. We are also grateful to the sponsors of the meeting: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), USGS, Nanometrics, and RefTek. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1785/0220160205 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG1IH UT WOS:000390785200023 ER PT J AU Ouyang, BJ Akob, DM Dunlap, D Renock, D AF Ouyang, Bingjie Akob, Denise M. Dunlap, Darren Renock, Devon TI Microbially mediated barite dissolution in anoxic brines SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Barite; Barium; Halophilic bacteria; Hydraulic fracturing; Produced water; Mineral-microbe interactions ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUIDS; NATURAL-GAS WELLS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DEVONIAN MARCELLUS SHALE; OIL-FIELD; HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS; ISOTOPIC EVOLUTION; 001 SURFACE; SP-NOV AB Fluids injected into shale formations during hydraulic fracturing of black shale return with extraordinarily high total-dissolved-solids (TDS) and high concentrations of barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). Barite, BaSO4, has been implicated as a possible source of Ba as well as a problematic mineral scale that forms on internal well surfaces, often in close association with radiobarite, (Ba, Ra) SO4. The dissolution of barite by abiotic processes is well quantified. However, the identification of microbial communities in flowback and produced water necessitates the need to understand barite dissolution in the presence of bacteria. Therefore, we evaluated the rates and mechanisms of abiotic and microbially-mediated barite dissolution under anoxic and hypersaline conditions in the laboratory. Barite dissolution experiments were conducted with bacterial enrichment cultures established from produced water from Marcellus Shale wells located in northcentral Pennsylvania. These cultures were dominated by anaerobic halophilic bacteria from the genus Halanaerobium. Dissolved Ba was determined by ICP-OES and barite surfaces were investigated by SEM and AFM. Our results reveal that: 1) higher amounts of barium (up to similar to 5 x) are released from barite in the presence of Halanaerobium cultures compared to brine controls after 30 days of reaction, 2) etch pits that develop on the barite (001) surface in the presence of Halanaerobium exhibit a morphology that is distinct from those that form during control experiments without bacteria, 3) etch pits that develop in the presence of Halanaerobium exhibit a morphology that is similar to the morphology of etch pits formed in the presence of strong organic chelators, EDTA and DTPA, and 4) experiments using dialysis membranes to separate barite from bacteria suggest that direct contact between the two is not required in order to promote dissolution. These results suggest that Halanaerobium increase the rate of barite dissolution in anoxic and high ionic strength solutions. Additionally, the increase in rate occurs without direct microbe-mineral contact suggesting that metabolites secreted by the bacteria may be responsible for promotion of dissolution. The findings of this study have implications for understanding barium cycling in marine/hypersaline environments, release of barium (and associated radium) from waste solids generated from energy and mining industries, as well as potential for developing new anti-scaling chemicals. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ouyang, Bingjie; Renock, Devon] Dept Earth Sci, Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Akob, Denise M.; Dunlap, Darren] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dunlap, Darren] Boeing Co, Boeing Res & Technol, Huntsville, AL 35824 USA. RP Renock, D (reprint author), Dept Earth Sci, Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Devon.J.Renock@Dartmouth.edu OI Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025 FU Dartmouth College; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program; USGS Energy Resources Program FX The authors would like to thank Joshua Landis for his analytical support in the study and George O'Toole, Mukul Sharma, and Ed Landa for their helpful advice. This study was supported by Dartmouth College and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program, and USGS Energy Resources Program. Appreciation is extended to Jean Micheal Chanchu for assistance culturing the PW enrichment cultures. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 76 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.11.008 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3UU UT WOS:000390250900005 ER PT J AU Craig, L Stillings, LL Decker, DL AF Craig, Laura Stillings, Lisa L. Decker, David L. TI Assessing changes in the physico-chemical properties and fluoride adsorption capacity of activated alumina under varied conditions SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Activated alumina; Fluoride; Adsorption; Surface complexation ID DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE; SORPTION; REMOVAL; MECHANISMS; PARTICLES; MODELS; CHARGE; AREA AB Adsorption using activated alumina is a simple method for removing fluoride from drinking water, but to be cost effective the adsorption capacity must be high and effective long-term. The intent of this study was to assess changes in its adsorption capacity under varied conditions. This was determined by evaluating the physico-chemical properties, surface charge, and fluoride (F-) adsorption capacity and rate of activated alumina under conditions such as hydration period, particle size, and slow vs. fast titrations. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses show that the mineralogy of activated alumina transformed to boehmite, then bayerite with hydration period and a corresponding reduction in adsorption capacity was expected; while surface area analyses show no notable changes with hydration period or particle size. The pH dependent surface charge was three times higher using slow potentiometric titrations as compared to fast titrations (due largely to diffusion into pore space), with the surface acidity generally unaffected by hydration period. Results from batch adsorption experiments similarly show no change in fluoride adsorption capacity with hydration period. There was also no notable difference in fluoride adsorption capacity between the particle size ranges of 0.5-1.0 mm and 0.125-0.250 mm, or with hydration period. However, adsorption rate increased dramatically with the finer particle sizes: at an initial F- concentration of 0.53 mmol L-1 (10 mg L-1), 90% was adsorbed in the 0.125-0.250 mm range after 1 h, while the 0.5-1.0 mm range required 24 h to achieve 90% adsorption. Also, the pseudo-second-order adsorption rate constants for the finer vs. larger particle sizes were 3.7 and 0.5 g per mmol F- per min respectively (24 h); and the initial intraparticle diffusion rate of the former was 2.6 times faster than the latter. The results show that adsorption capacity of activated alumina remains consistent and high under the conditions evaluated in this study, but in order to increase adsorption rate, a relatively fine particle size is recommended. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Craig, Laura; Decker, David L.] Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Craig, L (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM hydrolaura@yahoo.com; stilling@usgs.gov; Dave.Decker@dri.edu FU University of Nevada, Reno; Desert Research Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science [91723001-0]; World Vision Ghana FX This research was generously supported by the University of Nevada, Reno, the Desert Research Institute, and a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Graduate Research Fellowship (91723001-0). We are grateful to World Vision Ghana for its support, and also want to thank Ron Antweiller of the U.S. Geological Survey, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 76 BP 112 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.11.011 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3UU UT WOS:000390250900010 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, SM Eason, T Nelson, RJ Angeler, DG Barichievy, C Garmestani, AS Graham, NAJ Granholm, D Gunderson, L Knutson, M Nash, KL Spanbauer, T Stow, CA Allen, CR AF Sundstrom, Shana M. Eason, Tarsha Nelson, R. John Angeler, David G. Barichievy, Chris Garmestani, Ahjond S. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Granholm, Dean Gunderson, Lance Knutson, Melinda Nash, Kirsty L. Spanbauer, Trisha Stow, Craig A. Allen, Craig R. TI Detecting spatial regimes in ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Boundary detection; community change; Fisher information; regime shifts; spatial regimes; spatial resilience ID EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; PLANT-SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; FISHER INFORMATION; LEADING INDICATOR; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CHANGE IMPACTS AB Research on early warning indicators has generally focused on assessing temporal transitions with limited application of these methods to detecting spatial regimes. Traditional spatial boundary detection procedures that result in ecoregion maps are typically based on ecological potential (i.e. potential vegetation), and often fail to account for ongoing changes due to stressors such as land use change and climate change and their effects on plant and animal communities. We use Fisher information, an information theory-based method, on both terrestrial and aquatic animal data (U.S. Breeding Bird Survey and marine zooplankton) to identify ecological boundaries, and compare our results to traditional early warning indicators, conventional ecoregion maps and multivariate analyses such as nMDS and cluster analysis. We successfully detected spatial regimes and transitions in both terrestrial and aquatic systems using Fisher information. Furthermore, Fisher information provided explicit spatial information about community change that is absent from other multivariate approaches. Our results suggest that defining spatial regimes based on animal communities may better reflect ecological reality than do traditional ecoregion maps, especially in our current era of rapid and unpredictable ecological change. C1 [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, 103 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Barichievy, Chris] Zool Soc London, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. [Graham, Nicholas A. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Granholm, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Gunderson, Lance] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Knutson, Melinda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 3, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nash, Kirsty L.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Spanbauer, Trisha] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sundstrom, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, 103 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sundstrom.shana@gmail.com FU USGS John Powell Center for Synthesis and Analysis; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research arose from a workshop series, 'Understanding and managing for resilience in the face of global change', which was funded by the USGS John Powell Center for Synthesis and Analysis, and the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center. We thank the Powell Center for supporting collaborative and interdisciplinary research efforts. We thank JC Nelson at the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center for creating Fig. 1a. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This is GLERL contribution number 1838. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1111/ele.12709 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF0OV UT WOS:000390026200002 PM 28000431 ER PT J AU Hampton, SE Galloway, AWE Powers, SM Ozersky, T Woo, KH Batt, RD Labou, SG O'Reilly, CM Sharma, S Lottig, NR Stanley, EH North, RL Stockwell, JD Adrian, R Weyhenmeyer, GA Arvola, L Baulch, HM Bertani, I Bowman, LL Carey, CC Catalan, J Colom-Montero, W Domine, LM Felip, M Granados, I Gries, C Grossart, HP Haberman, J Haldna, M Hayden, B Higgins, SN Jolley, JC Kahilainen, KK Kaup, E Kehoe, MJ MacIntyre, S Mackay, AW Mariash, HL Mckay, RM Nixdorf, B Noges, P Noges, T Palmer, M Pierson, DC Post, DM Pruett, MJ Rautio, M Read, JS Roberts, SL Rucker, J Sadro, S Silow, EA Smith, DE Sterner, RW Swann, GEA Timofeyev, MA Toro, M Twiss, MR Vogt, RJ Watson, SB Whiteford, EJ Xenopoulos, MA AF Hampton, Stephanie E. Galloway, Aaron W. E. Powers, Stephen M. Ozersky, Ted Woo, Kara H. Batt, Ryan D. Labou, Stephanie G. O'Reilly, Catherine M. Sharma, Sapna Lottig, Noah R. Stanley, Emily H. North, Rebecca L. Stockwell, Jason D. Adrian, Rita Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Arvola, Lauri Baulch, Helen M. Bertani, Isabella Bowman, Larry L., Jr. Carey, Cayelan C. Catalan, Jordi Colom-Montero, William Domine, Leah M. Felip, Marisol Granados, Ignacio Gries, Corinna Grossart, Hans-Peter Haberman, Juta Haldna, Marina Hayden, Brian Higgins, Scott N. Jolley, Jeff C. Kahilainen, Kimmo K. Kaup, Enn Kehoe, Michael J. MacIntyre, Sally Mackay, Anson W. Mariash, Heather L. Mckay, Robert M. Nixdorf, Brigitte Noges, Peeter Noges, Tiina Palmer, Michelle Pierson, Don C. Post, David M. Pruett, Matthew J. Rautio, Milla Read, Jordan S. Roberts, Sarah L. Ruecker, Jacqueline Sadro, Steven Silow, Eugene A. Smith, Derek E. Sterner, Robert W. Swann, George E. A. Timofeyev, Maxim A. Toro, Manuel Twiss, Michael R. Vogt, Richard J. Watson, Susan B. Whiteford, Erika J. Xenopoulos, Marguerite A. TI Ecology under lake ice SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Aquatic ecosystem; data synthesis; freshwater; lake; limnology; long-term; plankton; seasonal; time series; winter ecology ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; FRESH-WATER LAKES; UNDER-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVERED LAKES; AULACOSEIRA-BAICALENSIS; SEASONAL SUCCESSION; PLANKTON SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WINTER LIMNOLOGY AB Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer 'growing seasons'. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass. C1 [Hampton, Stephanie E.; Powers, Stephen M.; Woo, Kara H.; Labou, Stephanie G.; Pruett, Matthew J.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Galloway, Aaron W. E.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR USA. [Ozersky, Ted; Sterner, Robert W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Ozersky, Ted; Sterner, Robert W.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Batt, Ryan D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [O'Reilly, Catherine M.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Boulder Jct, WI USA. [Stanley, Emily H.; Gries, Corinna] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [North, Rebecca L.; Baulch, Helen M.; Kehoe, Michael J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, Burlington, VT USA. [Adrian, Rita] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecosyst Res, Berlin, Germany. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Colom-Montero, William; Pierson, Don C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Uppsala, Sweden. [Arvola, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Lammi, Finland. [Baulch, Helen M.; Kehoe, Michael J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Bertani, Isabella] Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bowman, Larry L., Jr.; Post, David M.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Carey, Cayelan C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Catalan, Jordi] CSIC, CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. [Domine, Leah M.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Felip, Marisol] Univ Barcelona, Dept Ecol, Barcelona, Spain. [Granados, Ignacio] Sierra Guadarrama Natl Pk, Ctr Res Monitoring & Evaluat, Rascafria, Spain. [Grossart, Hans-Peter] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, Stechlin, Germany. [Grossart, Hans-Peter] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Potsdam, Germany. [Haberman, Juta; Haldna, Marina; Noges, Peeter; Noges, Tiina] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Limnol, Tartu, Estonia. [Hayden, Brian] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Higgins, Scott N.] IISD Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Jolley, Jeff C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. [Kahilainen, Kimmo K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Kaup, Enn] Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Isotope Paleoclimatol, Inst Geol, Tallinn, Estonia. [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mackay, Anson W.] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England. [Mariash, Heather L.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Div Sci & Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Mackay, Anson W.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Nixdorf, Brigitte; Ruecker, Jacqueline] Brandenburg Univ Technol Cottbus Senftenberg, Dept Freshwater Conservat, Bad Saarow Pieskow, Germany. [Palmer, Michelle] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Environm Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rautio, Milla] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Dept Fundamental Sci, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Off Water Informat, Middleton, WI USA. [Roberts, Sarah L.; Swann, George E. A.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham, England. [Sadro, Steven] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Silow, Eugene A.; Timofeyev, Maxim A.] Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia. [Smith, Derek E.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Informat, Aurora, CO USA. [Toro, Manuel] Ctr Hydrog Studies CEDEX, Dept Aquat Environm, Madrid, Spain. [Twiss, Michael R.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Vogt, Richard J.; Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Watson, Susan B.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Whiteford, Erika J.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England. RP Hampton, SE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM s.hampton@wsu.edu RI Catalan, Jordi/A-5420-2008; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; OI Catalan, Jordi/0000-0002-2934-4013; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Timofeyev, Maxim/0000-0002-5250-6818; Rucker, Jacqueline/0000-0001-6841-7724; Kahilainen, Kimmo/0000-0002-1539-014X; Mackay, Anson/0000-0002-6328-769X FU National Science Foundation (NSF DEB) [1431428, 1136637]; Washington State University; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400]; Ministry of education and science of Russia Gos-Zasanie project [1354-2014/51] FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB #1431428; NSF DEB #1136637) and Washington State University. M. Timofeyev and E. Silow were partially supported by Russian Science Foundation project No 14-14-00400 and Ministry of education and science of Russia Gos-Zasanie project No 1354-2014/51. We are grateful to Marianne Moore, Deniz Ozkundakci, Chris Polashenski and Paula Kankaala for discussions that greatly improved this work. We also gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for contributing to this project: John Anderson, Jill Baron, Rick Bourbonniere, Sandra Brovold, Lluis Camarero, Sudeep Chandra, Jim Cotner, Laura Forsstom, Guillaume Grosbois, Chris Harrod, Klaus D. Joehnk, T.Y. Kim, Daniel Langenhaun, Reet Laugaste, Suzanne McGowan, Virginia Panizzo, Giampaolo Rossetti, R.E.H. Smith, Sarah Spaulding, Helen Tammert, Steve Thackeray, Kyle Zimmer, Priit Zingel and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 87 U2 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 98 EP 111 DI 10.1111/ele.12699 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF0OV UT WOS:000390026200010 PM 27889953 ER PT J AU Keinath, DA Doak, DF Hodges, KE Prugh, LR Fagan, W Sekercioglu, CH Buchart, SHM Kauffman, M AF Keinath, Douglas A. Doak, Daniel F. Hodges, Karen E. Prugh, Laura R. Fagan, William Sekercioglu, Cagan H. Buchart, Stuart H. M. Kauffman, Matthew TI A global analysis of traits predicting species sensitivity to habitat fragmentation SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; biodiversity; bird; conservation planning; island biogeography; mammal; patch size; peak change; vulnerability; reptile ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; AREA RELATIONSHIP; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; LENGTH; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS AB Aim Elucidating patterns in species responses to habitat fragmentation is an important focus of ecology and conservation, but studies are often geographically restricted, taxonomically narrow or use indirect measures of species vulnerability. We investigated predictors of species presence after fragmentation using data from studies around the world that included all four terrestrial vertebrate classes, thus allowing direct inter-taxonomic comparison. Location World-wide. Methods We used generalized linear mixed-effect models in an information theoretic framework to assess the factors that explained species presence in remnant habitat patches (3342 patches; 1559 species, mostly birds; and 65,695 records of patch-specific presence-absence). We developed a novel metric of fragmentation sensitivity, defined as the maximum rate of change in probability of presence with changing patch size ('Peak Change'), to distinguish between general rarity on the landscape and sensitivity to fragmentation per se. Results Size of remnant habitat patches was the most important driver of species presence. Across all classes, habitat specialists, carnivores and larger species had a lower probability of presence, and those effects were substantially modified by interactions. Sensitivity to fragmentation (measured by Peak Change) was influenced primarily by habitat type and specialization, but also by fecundity, life span and body mass. Reptiles were more sensitive than other classes. Grassland species had a lower probability of presence, though sample size was relatively small, but forest and shrubland species were more sensitive. Main conclusions Habitat relationships were more important than life-history characteristics in predicting the effects of fragmentation. Habitat specialization increased sensitivity to fragmentation and interacted with class and habitat type; forest specialists and habitat-specific reptiles were particularly sensitive to fragmentation. Our results suggest that when conservationists are faced with disturbances that could fragment habitat they should pay particular attention to specialists, particularly reptiles. Further, our results highlight that the probability of presence in fragmented landscapes and true sensitivity to fragmentation are predicted by different factors. C1 [Keinath, Douglas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hodges, Karen E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Biol, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Prugh, Laura R.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fagan, William] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sekercioglu, Cagan H.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sekercioglu, Cagan H.] Koc Univ, Coll Sci, TR-34450 Istanbul, Turkey. [Buchart, Stuart H. M.] Bird Life Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Kauffman, Matthew] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Keinath, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wyoming Ecol Serv Field Off, 5353 Yellowstone Rd,Suite 308A, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM douglas_keinath@fws.gov FU United States Geological Survey; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Wyoming Natural Diversity Database FX Many thanks go to all the generous authors who provided us with data from their field surveys (Appendix S2) and Ackbar Joolia (IUCN) for providing data on species geographical ranges. C.H.S. thanks Jordan Herman, Joshua Horns and Jason Socci for help with the data collection. D.A.K. thanks Neomi Rao, Rachel Eberius, Benjamin Oh, Zoe Aarons, Annie Munn, Leah Yandow and Hunter McFarland for help with data collection. We acknowledge the many contributors to BirdLife International's IUCN Red List assessments for all bird species, from which most avian data were drawn. Unless specified, photos for Fig. 6 are copyrighted by the photographers and are used here with permission. Photographers are as follows: house mouse, Klaus Rudloff (http://www.biolib.cz/, kdrudloff@web.de, Kazakstan); Costa's hummingbird, Jon Sullivan (public domain); wood frog, J. D. Wilson (http://www.discoverlife.org/); southern brown bandicoot, John Chapman (http://www.chappo1.com/); bearded tree-quail, Alberto Lobato (ibc.lynxeds.com); Abbott's duiker, Andrew Bowkett (http://www.arkive.org/); Barker's anole, Jonathan Losos (http://www.anoleannals.org/). Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database. This manuscript was improved by the support and thoughtful reviews of members of a University of Wyoming science writing class, the Doak Lab, anonymous referees, and the associate editor. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 76 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1111/geb.12509 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA EF3JH UT WOS:000390220100011 ER PT J AU Hoover, DL Duniway, MC Belnap, J AF Hoover, David L. Duniway, Michael C. Belnap, Jayne TI Testing the apparent resistance of three dominant plants to chronic drought on the Colorado Plateau SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold desert; dryland; ecophysiology; Hierarchical Response Framework; normalized difference vegetation index; photosynthesis; plant functional types; press; soil moisture dynamics ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; COLD DESERT COMMUNITY; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; TRADE-OFFS; SOIL-WATER; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; EFFICIENCY; RESPONSES AB 1. Many drylands, including the south-western United States, are projected to become more waterlimited as these regions become warmer and drier with climate change. Such chronic drought may push individual species or plant functional types beyond key thresholds leading to reduced growth or even mortality. Indeed, recent observational and experimental evidence from the Colorado Plateau suggests that C3 grasses are the most vulnerable to chronic drought, while C-4 grasses and C-3 shrubs appear to have greater resistance. 2. The effects of chronic, or press-drought are predicted to begin at the physiological level and translate up to higher hierarchical levels. To date, the drought resistance of C-4 grasses and C-3 shrubs in this region has been only evaluated at the community level and thus we lack information on whether there are sensitivities to drought at lower hierarchical levels. In this study, we tested the apparent drought resistance of three dominant species (Pleuraphis jamesii, a C-4 rhizomatous grass; Coleogyne ramosissima, a C-3 drought-deciduous shrub; and Ephedra viridis, a C-3 evergreen shrub) to an ongoing experimental press-drought (-35% precipitation) by comparing individual-level responses (ecophysiology and growth dynamics) to community-level responses (plant cover). 3. For all three species, we observed consistent responses across all hierarchical levels: P. jamesii was sensitive to drought across all measured variables, while the shrubs C. ramosissima and E. viridis had little to no responses to the experimental press-drought at any given level. 4. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that the apparent drought resistance at higher hierarchical levels, such as cover, may serve as good proxies for lower-level responses. Furthermore, it appears the shrubs are avoiding drought, possibly by utilizing moisture at deeper soil layers, while the grasses are limited to shallower layers and must endure the drought conditions. Give this differential sensitivity to drought, a future with less precipitation and higher temperatures may increase the dominance of shrubs on the Colorado Plateau, as grasses succumb to chronic water stress. C1 [Hoover, David L.; Duniway, Michael C.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 Southwest Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Hoover, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 Southwest Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM DLHoover@usgs.gov OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes of US Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the many people who helped in establishing this experiment, especially Erika Geiger, Sue Phillips, Ed Grote, Matt van Soyoc and Phil Adams. We would also like to thank the many technicians who have helped collect data on this experiment, especially William Rutherford, Peter Chuckran, Adam Kind, Brian Scott and Paige Stuart. D.L.H., M.C.D. and J.B. all gratefully acknowledge support from the Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programmes of US Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 105 IS 1 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12647 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4VV UT WOS:000390331000015 ER PT J AU Butsic, V Syphard, AD Keeley, JE Bar-Massada, A AF Butsic, Van Syphard, Alexandra D. Keeley, Jon E. Bar-Massada, Avi TI Can private land conservation reduce wildfire risk to homes? A case study in San Diego County, California, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Private land conservation; Wildland urban interface; Housing development; Wildfire; Fire risk; Econometrics; Southern California ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; OPEN SPACE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MARKET FEEDBACKS; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; PRESERVATION; ECONOMICS AB The purchase of private land for conservation purposes is a common way to prevent the exploitation of sensitive ecological areas. However, private land conservation can also provide other benefits, one of these being natural hazard reduction. Here, we investigated' the impacts of private land conservation on fire risk to homes in San Diego County, California. We coupled an econometric land use change model with a model that estimates the probability of house loss due to fire in order to compare fire risk at the county and municipality scale under alternative private land purchasing schemes and over a 20 year time horizon. We found that conservation purchases could reduce fire risk on this landscape, and the amount of risk reduction was related to the targeting approach used to choose which parcels were conserved. Conservation land purchases that targeted parcels designated as high fire hazard resulted in lower fire risk to homes than purchases that targeted low costs or high likelihood to subdivide. This result was driven by (1) preventing home placement in fire prone areas and (2) taking land off the market, and hence increasing development densities in other areas. These results raise the possibility that resource conservation and fire hazard reduction may benefit from combining efforts. With adequate planning, future conservation purchases could have synergistic effects beyond just protecting ecologically sensitive areas. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Butsic, Van] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 327 Mulford Hall,MC 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, 136 SW Washington Ave,Suite 202, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Bar-Massada, Avi] Univ Haifa, Dept Biol & Environm, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. RP Butsic, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 327 Mulford Hall,MC 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vanbutsic@berkeley.edu; asyphard@consbio.org; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; barmassada@gmail.com NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.002 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300015 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Gese, EM Young, JK AF Poessel, Sharon A. Gese, Eric M. Young, Julie K. TI Environmental factors influencing the occurrence of coyotes and conflicts in urban areas SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Carnivore; Habitat; Human-coyote conflict; Landscape ecology; Urban ecology ID CHICAGO METROPOLITAN-AREA; UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN COYOTES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; BIODIVERSITY; DENSITIES; CONSERVATION; RICHNESS AB The increase of global urbanization can have effects on wildlife species, including carnivores such as coyotes (Canis latrans). As coyotes continue to settle in more urban areas, reports of human-coyote conflicts, such as attacks on humans or pets, may also increase. Understanding environmental variables that might influence whether or not coyotes and human-coyote conflicts will occur in certain urban areas may assist wildlife officials in creating management plans for urban wildlife. We conducted a survey of 105 urban areas in the United States requesting information on the occurrence of coyotes and human coyote conflicts. We analyzed the responses with data on human population size, geographic region, land cover, housing density, and precipitation. Larger urban areas were more likely to contain both coyotes and human-coyote conflicts, and were also more likely to have greater numbers of conflicts. Urban areas in the western regions with larger amounts of high-intensity development and less forested and agricultural areas were more likely to have conflicts. Most urban areas considered the management of conflicts to be of low priority and emphasized education of citizens rather than removal of individual coyotes. Our results may assist urban wildlife managers in understanding the geographic and demographic factors correlated with the occurrence of coyotes and human-coyote conflicts. Practices such as education campaigns and landscape design incorporating wildlife habitat modifications (e.g., reducing dense cover) may reduce human-carnivore conflicts in urban ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gese, Eric M.; Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 970 S Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM sharpoes@gmail.com; eric.gese@usu.edu; julie.young@usu.edu OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Logan, Utah; Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Logan, Utah, and the Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. We thank the many wildlife agencies, animal control organizations, and police departments that responded to our survey questions. We also thank S. Durham for statistical assistance. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 46 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 157 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.022 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EF2VI UT WOS:000390183300025 ER PT J AU Golab, JA Smith, JJ Clark, AK Morris, RR AF Golab, James A. Smith, Jon J. Clark, Allan K. Morris, Robert R. TI Bioturbation-influenced fluid pathways within a carbonate platform system: The Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) Glen Rose Limestone SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trace fossils; Ichnology; Karst; Hydrostratigraphy; Thalassinoides ID POROUS-MEDIA; USA; BASIN; TEXAS; CLASSIFICATION; THALASSINOIDES; STRATIGRAPHY; NOMENCLATURE; RESERVOIRS; ICHNOLOGY AB The Aptian-Albian Glen Rose Limestone (GRL) is an argillaceous shallow-marine carbonate deposit on the Central Texas Platform and contains the upper Trinity aquifer and the upper part of the middle Trinity aquifer. The GRL is divided into Upper and Lower GRL members, which have been further subdivided into hydrostratigraphic units (HSUs). This study uses an integrated ichnological and sedimentological approach to record changes in ichnofabric index (ii) as a proxy for bioturbation within the GRL and relates these changes to fluid flow. Fluid pathways within HSUs are controlled by the complex interaction of faults and fractures, karst development, and large-scale bioturbation-influenced porosity and permeability. The effect of bioturbation-influenced porosity as an aquifer characteristic is the least studied of these factors. Post-depositional solution enhancement of ichnofossils is also common and has increased lateral and vertical fluid connectivity in some HSUs. Most GRL strata are dominated by Thalassinoides networks, but also contain Palaeophycus, Planolites, Ophiomorpha, Serpulid worm tubes, rhizoliths, and Cruziana. Thalassinoides are commonly filled with coarser sediment than the surrounding matrix and act as fluid conduits within an otherwise low permeability matrix. Beds with ii3-4 and burrows with permeable fill transmit water readily. Beds with ii5-6 are commonly muddy and heavily homogenized, restricting fluid flow. Grainstone beds commonly have ii1-2 and are well cemented, restricting fluid flow to low intergranular flow. Pore systems dominated by Thalassinoides ichnofabrics, such as the GRL, are difficult to characterize on a large scale using many laboratory methods because they create heterogeneous flow paths depending on difference in permeability between the matrix and burrow fill. Understanding the effects of bioturbation-influenced porosity and permeability on subsurface fluid pathways is vital for creating a geologic and hydrostratigraphic framework for the Trinity aquifer. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Golab, James A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd,Rm 120,Lindley Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Smith, Jon J.] Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. [Clark, Allan K.; Morris, Robert R.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 5563 De Zavala Rd,Suite 290, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Golab, JA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd,Rm 120,Lindley Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM jgolab@ku.edu FU Kansas Interdisciplinary Carbonates Consortium FX The authors would like to recognize the landowners and managers of private and public lands in Bandera, Blanco, Bexar, Comal, Hays, and Kendall counties who provided access to their property for this study. We extend particular thanks to Ronald G. Fieseler, General Manager of the Blanco-Pedernales Groundwater Conservation District for his efforts in contacting various private land owners. We thank Stephen T. Hasiotis of the University of Kansas for his assistance with ichnofossil identification for this project. We would like to thank David V. Smith of the USGS Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, for his supervision and leadership over the course of this project. We also thank the Kansas Interdisciplinary Carbonates Consortium for funding portions of this research. Finally, we thank both of our reviewers for their insights that made this manuscript more effective. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 465 BP 138 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.025 PN A PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EF7JB UT WOS:000390504800010 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Hill, EF Grove, RA Chelgren, ND Haggerty, PK AF Henny, Charles J. Hill, Elwood F. Grove, Robert A. Chelgren, Nathan D. Haggerty, Patricia K. TI Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada: IV. Snowy egret post-fledging dispersal, timing of migration and survival, 2002-2004 SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Snowy egret; Mining; Drought; Telemetry; Dispersal; Survival; Migration; Carson river; Humboldt river; Nevada; USA ID CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LAHONTAN RESERVOIR; GROWTH; METHYLMERCURY; CHICKS AB This telemetry study is an extension of our 1997-2006 research on historical mercury contamination on snowy egrets (Egretta thula) up to similar to 20 days of age. Findings from initial studies at the mercury-contaminated Carson River colony at Lahontan Reservoir (LR) and a similar-sized reference (REF) colony on the Humboldt River included mercury-related physiological, biochemical, histopathological and reproductive effects up to similar to 20 days of age; with poor water years (2000-04), i.e., reduced prey availability, exacerbating effects. Herein, we compare timing of dispersal and migration at LR vs. REF, but the primary question now addressed is "whether survival of young mercury-exposed snowy egrets from LR would be further compromised beyond 20 days of age? " Based upon telemetry signals until 90-110 days of age (including dead bird counts and survival rate estimates), we conclude that mercury did not further compromise survival. Dead bird counts and survival rate estimates included time in the colony when fed by adults, plus the critical period when young dispersed from the colony to forage independently. The extended drought during this 3-year study was most critical in 2002 when production of similar to 20 d old egrets at LR was only 0.24 young/nest. In 2002, survival rates were low at both colonies and we documented the highest counts of dead egrets for both colonies. We suggest the losses in 2002 beyond 20 days of age were more a function of prey availability influenced by drought than exposure to mercury, especially at LR, because higher mercury concentrations, higher survival rates and fewer dead birds were documented at LR in 2003 when water conditions improved. Furthermore, total mercury (THg) in blood in 2003 was more than double 2002 (geometric mean, 3.39 vs 1.47 mu g/g wet weight (ww). This higher THg exposure at LR in 2003 was associated with a redistribution of parent and post-dispersal feeding activities upstream (where there was higher mercury from historic mining) related to slightly improved water levels. When comparing the 3-year telemetry findings based upon similar to 20 d old young at LR (blood THg, geo. means 1.47, 3.39 and 1.89 mu g/g ww), we found no evidence that age at dispersal, Julian date at dispersal, timing of migration, or pre-migration survival (similar to 20 to similar to 100 days post-hatch) were adversely affected by elevated mercury. C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.; Chelgren, Nathan D.; Haggerty, Patricia K.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hill, Elwood F.] POB 1615, Gardnerville, NV 89410 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hennyc@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Region 9, Superfund Division, San Francisco, CA) FX This study received partial funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC and Region 9, Superfund Division, San Francisco, CA). Assistance with field sampling and radio telemetry was provided by Keith Penner, Paul Schmidt, Rob Holly and Jim Sizemore of the Nevada Division of Parks at Lahontan Reservoir and Peter Bradley, Julian Pelligrini, Caleb MacAdoo, and Andi Kemmerer of the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Elko. Larry Neel and Jennifer Jeffers, Nevada Department of Wildlife, Fallon and Bill Henry, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), Fallon, provided information on birds nesting at other locations in the LCRS. Angela Paul and Karen Thomas, USGS, Carson City, kindly provided water data for the Carson River system. Marcus Rudnick provided access to private land on the Humboldt River. Walt Wardwell, Fallon Airmotive, was pilot for all telemetry surveys and provided expertise on location of streams, lakes and wetlands. Early drafts were improved by comments from Gary Heinz and Dan Cristol. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 358 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EE4EL UT WOS:000389555000043 PM 27771593 ER EF