FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Knapp, AK Avolio, ML Beier, C Carroll, CJW Collins, SL Dukes, JS Fraser, LH Griffin-Nolan, RJ Hoover, DL Jentsch, A Loik, ME Phillips, RP Post, AK Sala, OE Slette, IJ Yahdjian, L Smith, MD AF Knapp, Alan K. Avolio, Meghan L. Beier, Claus Carroll, Charles J. W. Collins, Scott L. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Fraser, Lauchlan H. Griffin-Nolan, Robert J. Hoover, David L. Jentsch, Anke Loik, Michael E. Phillips, Richard P. Post, Alison K. Sala, Osvaldo E. Slette, Ingrid J. Yahdjian, Laura Smith, Melinda D. TI Pushing precipitation to the extremes in distributed experiments: recommendations for simulating wet and dry years SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE climate extremes; drought; field experiments; precipitation regimes; wet years ID CLIMATE EXTREMES; GLOBAL-CHANGE; MANIPULATION EXPERIMENTS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RAINFALL REGIMES; DYNAMICS; EVENTS; CARBON AB Intensification of the global hydrological cycle, ranging from larger individual precipitation events to more extreme multiyear droughts, has the potential to cause widespread alterations in ecosystem structure and function. With evidence that the incidence of extreme precipitation years (defined statistically from historical precipitation records) is increasing, there is a clear need to identify ecosystems that are most vulnerable to these changes and understand why some ecosystems are more sensitive to extremes than others. To date, opportunistic studies of naturally occurring extreme precipitation years, combined with results from a relatively small number of experiments, have provided limited mechanistic understanding of differences in ecosystem sensitivity, suggesting that new approaches are needed. Coordinated distributed experiments (CDEs) arrayed across multiple ecosystem types and focused on water can enhance our understanding of differential ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation extremes, but there are many design challenges to overcome (e. g., cost, comparability, standardization). Here, we evaluate contemporary experimental approaches for manipulating precipitation under field conditions to inform the design of ` Drought-Net', a relatively low-cost CDE that simulates extreme precipitation years. A common method for imposing both dry and wet years is to alter each ambient precipitation event. We endorse this approach for imposing extreme precipitation years because it simultaneously alters other precipitation characteristics (i. e., event size) consistent with natural precipitation patterns. However, we do not advocate applying identical treatment levels at all sites -a common approach to standardization in CDEs. This is because precipitation variability varies > fivefold globally resulting in a wide range of ecosystem-specific thresholds for defining extreme precipitation years. For CDEs focused on precipitation extremes, treatments should be based on each site's past climatic characteristics. This approach, though not often used by ecologists, allows ecological responses to be directly compared across disparate ecosystems and climates, facilitating process-level understanding of ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation extremes. C1 [Knapp, Alan K.; Carroll, Charles J. W.; Griffin-Nolan, Robert J.; Post, Alison K.; Slette, Ingrid J.; Smith, Melinda D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.; Carroll, Charles J. W.; Griffin-Nolan, Robert J.; Post, Alison K.; Slette, Ingrid J.; Smith, Melinda D.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Avolio, Meghan L.] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Beier, Claus] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Ctr Catchments & Urban Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC30-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Dept Biol Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fraser, Lauchlan H.] Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kamloops, BC V2C0C8, Canada. [Hoover, David L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Jentsch, Anke] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Disturbance Ecol, BayCEER, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Loik, Michael E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Phillips, Richard P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yahdjian, Laura] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fac Agron, IFEVA,Catedra Ecol, Ave San Martin 4453,C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aknapp@colostate.edu FU US National Science Foundation; Extreme Drought in Grasslands (EDGE) project (Macrosystems Biology); Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programs of US Geological Survey FX Our analysis was supported by the US National Science Foundation funded Drought-Net Research Coordination Network (Ecosystems Program) and the Extreme Drought in Grasslands (EDGE) project (Macrosystems Biology) with logistical support provided by the School of Global Environmental Sustainability (Colorado State University) and the School of Life Sciences (Arizona State University). DLH gratefully acknowledges support from the Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use programs of US Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2017 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1774 EP 1782 DI 10.1111/gcb.13504 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ1AB UT WOS:000397800600003 PM 27633752 ER PT J AU Jafari, N Nuse, BL Moore, CT Dilkina, B Hepinstall-Cymerman, J AF Jafari, Nahid Nuse, Bryan L. Moore, Clinton T. Dilkina, Bistra Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey TI Achieving full connectivity of sites in the multiperiod reserve network design problem SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reserve site selection; Reserve network design; Dynamic reserve site selection; Spatial connectivity; Mixed integer programming ID INTEGER PROGRAMMING APPROACH; LAND MARKET FEEDBACKS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; MINIMAL FRAGMENTATION; DISTRICTING PROBLEM; SELECTION; MODEL; WORLD AB The conservation reserve design problem is a challenge to solve because of the spatial and temporal nature of the problem, uncertainties in the decision process, and the possibility of alternative conservation actions for any given land parcel. Conservation agencies tasked with reserve design may benefit from a dynamic decision system that provides tactical guidance for short-term decision opportunities while maintaining focus on a long-term objective of assembling the best set of protected areas possible. To plan cost-effective conservation over time under time-varying action costs and budget, we propose a multi-period mixed integer programming model for the budget-constrained selection of fully connected sites. The objective is to maximize a summed conservation value over all network parcels at the end of the planning horizon. The originality of this work is in achieving full spatial connectivity of the selected sites during the schedule of conservation actions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jafari, Nahid; Nuse, Bryan L.; Moore, Clinton T.; Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jafari, Nahid; Nuse, Bryan L.; Moore, Clinton T.] Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] US Geol Survey, Athens, GA USA. [Dilkina, Bistra] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Computat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Jafari, N (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Jafari, N (reprint author), Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. EM nahid.jafari@hotmail.com FU U.S. Department of the Interior; Southeast Climate Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center through the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [G13AC00230]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Georgia; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Angela Fuller for a review of the manuscript and for suggestions that improved the work. This project was sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Southeast Climate Science Center and the U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center through the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, (Research Work Order 115, Cooperative Agreement G13AC00230). The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Georgia, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 EI 1873-765X J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD MAY PY 2017 VL 81 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2016.12.017 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA EK7BB UT WOS:000394079400010 ER PT J AU Hansen, GJA Read, JS Hansen, JF Winslow, LA AF Hansen, Gretchen J. A. Read, Jordan S. Hansen, Jonathan F. Winslow, Luke A. TI Projected shifts in fish species dominance in Wisconsin lakes under climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate projections; community composition; largemouth bass; Micropterus salmoides; Sander vitreus; species distribution model; temperate lakes; thermal profiles; walleye ID THERMAL/DISSOLVED OXYGEN HABITAT; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER FISHES; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; MINNESOTA LAKES; RANDOM FORESTS; FUTURE AB Temperate lakes may contain both coolwater fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) and warmwater fish species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Recent declining walleye and increasing largemouth bass populations have raised questions regarding the future trajectories and management actions for these species. We developed a thermodynamic model of water temperatures driven by downscaled climate data and lake-specific characteristics to estimate daily water temperature profiles for 2148 lakes in Wisconsin, US, under contemporary (1989-2014) and future (2040-2064 and 2065-2089) conditions. We correlated contemporary walleye recruitment and largemouth bass relative abundance to modeled water temperature, lake morphometry, and lake productivity, and projected lake-specific changes in each species under future climate conditions. Walleye recruitment success was negatively related and largemouth bass abundance was positively related to water temperature degree days. Both species exhibited a threshold response at the same degree day value, albeit in opposite directions. Degree days were predicted to increase in the future, although the magnitude of increase varied among lakes, time periods, and global circulation models (GCMs). Under future conditions, we predicted a loss of walleye recruitment in 33-75% of lakes where recruitment is currently supported and a 27-60% increase in the number of lakes suitable for high largemouth bass abundance. The percentage of lakes capable of supporting abundant largemouth bass but failed walleye recruitment was predicted to increase from 58% in contemporary conditions to 86% by mid-century and to 91% of lakes by late century, based on median projections across GCMs. Conversely, the percentage of lakes with successful walleye recruitment and low largemouth bass abundance was predicted to decline from 9% of lakes in contemporary conditions to only 1% of lakes in both future periods. Importantly, we identify up to 85 resilient lakes predicted to continue to support natural walleye recruitment. Management resources could target preserving these resilient walleye populations. C1 [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Read, Jordan S.; Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Off Water Informat, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Hansen, Jonathan F.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 101 S Webster St, Middleton, WI 53707 USA. [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Hansen, Jonathan F.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1200 Warner Rd, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. RP Hansen, GJA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA.; Hansen, GJA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM Gretchen.hansen@state.mn.us FU Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; United States Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center [10909172]; WDNR Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-95-P] FX We thank current and past employees of the Wisconsin DNR, the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, and citizen volunteers of Wisconsin for the data collection and collation that made this project possible. We are grateful to the bass-walleye team for generating a never-ending list of interesting research questions and management applications: Steve Carpenter, Jereme Gaeta, Daisuke Goto, Joe Hennessey, Dan Isermann, Craig Kelling, John Lyons, Eric Pedersen, Andrew Rypel, Greg Sass, Kaitlin Schnell, Tyler Tunney, and Jake Vander Zanden. Thanks to Jennifer Filbert, Alex Latzka, Mona Papes, and Dan Oele for data gathering to support the lake temperature modeling, and to Tom Cichosz, Steve Hewett, and Joe Hennessy for sharing their extensive knowledge of the walleye dataset. GH owes a huge gratitude to John Lyons for support and ideas. Thanks also to Peter Jacobson, Todd Kalish, John Lyons, Jeff Ziegeweid, Kevin Wehrly, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was funded by the Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center under the proposal 'An integrated assessment of lake and stream thermal habitat under climate change', the United States Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center grant 10909172 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the WDNR Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration (Project F-95-P, study SSBW). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1463 EP 1476 DI 10.1111/gcb.13462 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6XW UT WOS:000396836800009 PM 27608297 ER PT J AU Cailleret, M Jansen, S Robert, EMR Desoto, L Aakala, T Antos, JA Beikircher, B Bigler, C Bugmann, H Caccianiga, M Cada, V Camarero, JJ Cherubini, P Cochard, H Coyea, MR Cufar, K Das, AJ Davi, H Delzon, S Dorman, M Gea-Izquierdo, G Gillner, S Haavik, LJ Hartmann, H Heres, AM Hultine, KR Janda, P Kane, JM Kharuk, VI Kitzberger, T Klein, T Kramer, K Lens, F Levanic, T Calderon, JCL Lloret, F Lobodo-Vale, R Lombardi, F Rodriguez, RL Makinen, H Mayr, S Meszaros, I Metsaranta, JM Minunno, F Oberhuber, W Papadopoulos, A Peltoniemi, M Petritan, AM Rohner, B Sanguesa-Barreda, G Sarris, D Smith, JM Stan, AB Sterck, F Stojanovic, DB Suarez, ML Svoboda, M Tognetti, R Torres-Ruiz, JM Trotsiuk, V Villalba, R Vodde, F Westwood, AR Wyckoff, PH Zafirov, N Martinez-Vilalta, J AF Cailleret, Maxime Jansen, Steven Robert, Elisabeth M. R. Desoto, Lucia Aakala, Tuomas Antos, Joseph A. Beikircher, Barbara Bigler, Christof Bugmann, Harald Caccianiga, Marco Cada, Vojtech Camarero, Jesus J. Cherubini, Paolo Cochard, Herve Coyea, Marie R. Cufar, Katarina Das, Adrian J. Davi, Hendrik Delzon, Sylvain Dorman, Michael Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo Gillner, Sten Haavik, Laurel J. Hartmann, Henrik Heres, Ana-Maria Hultine, Kevin R. Janda, Pavel Kane, Jeffrey M. Kharuk, Vyacheslav I. Kitzberger, Thomas Klein, Tamir Kramer, Koen Lens, Frederic Levanic, Tom Linares Calderon, Juan C. Lloret, Francisco Lobodo-Vale, Raquel Lombardi, Fabio Lopez Rodriguez, Rosana Makinen, Harri Mayr, Stefan Meszaros, Ilona Metsaranta, Juha M. Minunno, Francesco Oberhuber, Walter Papadopoulos, Andreas Peltoniemi, Mikko Petritan, Any M. Rohner, Brigitte Sanguesa-Barreda, Gabriel Sarris, Dimitrios Smith, Jeremy M. Stan, Amanda B. Sterck, Frank Stojanovic, Dejan B. Suarez, Maria L. Svoboda, Miroslav Tognetti, Roberto Torres-Ruiz, Jose M. Trotsiuk, Volodymyr Villalba, Ricardo Vodde, Floor Westwood, Alana R. Wyckoff, Peter H. Zafirov, Nikolay Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi TI A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiosperms; death; drought; growth; gymnosperms; pathogens; ring-width; tree mortality ID DROUGHT-INDUCED MORTALITY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; SCOTS PINE; BEETLE ATTACK; CARBOHYDRATE DYNAMICS; VEGETATION MORTALITY; FOREST; CLIMATE; CARBON AB Tree mortality is a key factor influencing forest functions and dynamics, but our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and the associated changes in tree growth rates are still limited. We compiled a new pan-continental tree-ring width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (2970 dead and 4224 living trees from 190 sites, including 36 species), and compared early and recent growth rates between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. We observed a decrease in radial growth before death in ca. 84% of the mortality events. The extent and duration of these reductions were highly variable (1-100 years in 96% of events) due to the complex interactions among study species and the source(s) of mortality. Strong and long-lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade-and drought-tolerant species, and trees that died from competition. Angiosperms and trees that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark-beetles) typically showed relatively small and short-term growth reductions. Our analysis did not highlight any universal trade-off between early growth and tree longevity within a species, although this result may also reflect high variability in sampling design among sites. The intersite and interspecific variability in growth patterns before mortality provides valuable information on the nature of the mortality process, which is consistent with our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to mortality. Abrupt changes in growth immediately before death can be associated with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark-beetle attack, while long-term decrease in growth may be associated with a gradual decline in hydraulic performance coupled with depletion in carbon reserves. Our results imply that growth-based mortality algorithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not necessarily so for angiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark-beetle outbreaks. C1 [Cailleret, Maxime; Bigler, Christof; Bugmann, Harald; Rohner, Brigitte] ETH, Forest Ecol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Univ Str 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Jansen, Steven] Univ Ulm, Inst Systemat Bot & Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Robert, Elisabeth M. R.; Heres, Ana-Maria; Lloret, Francisco; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi] CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Robert, Elisabeth M. R.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Lab Plant Biol & Nat Management APNA, Pl Laan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Robert, Elisabeth M. R.] RMCA, Lab Wood Biol & Xylarium, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Desoto, Lucia] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, Ctr Funct Ecol, P-3000456 Coimbra, Portugal. [Aakala, Tuomas; Minunno, Francesco] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27 Latokartanonkaari 7, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Antos, Joseph A.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, STN CSC, POB 3020, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Beikircher, Barbara; Mayr, Stefan; Oberhuber, Walter] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Bot, Sternwartestr 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Caccianiga, Marco] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Biosci, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cada, Vojtech; Janda, Pavel; Svoboda, Miroslav; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Kamycka 961-129, Prague 16521 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic. [Camarero, Jesus J.; Sanguesa-Barreda, Gabriel] CSIC, IPE, Ave Montanana 1005, Zaragoza 50192, Spain. [Cherubini, Paolo; Petritan, Any M.; Rohner, Brigitte] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Cochard, Herve] Univ Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Unite Mixte Rech UMR PIAF 547, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Coyea, Marie R.] Univ Laval, Dept Sci Bois & Foret, Ctr Forest Res, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, 2405 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Cufar, Katarina] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Das, Adrian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 47050 Generals Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Davi, Hendrik] INRA, Ecol Forest Mediterraneennes URFM, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Delzon, Sylvain; Torres-Ruiz, Jose M.] Univ Bordeaux, Unite Mixte Rech UMR BIOGECO 1202, INRA, F-33615 Pessac, France. [Dorman, Michael] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Dev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria INIA, Ctr Invest Forestal CIFOR, Carretera La Coruna Km 7-5, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Gillner, Sten] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Forest Bot & Forest Zool, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Gillner, Sten] TU Berlin, Fachgebiet Vegetat Tech & Pflanzenverwendung, Inst Landschaftsarchitektur & Umweltplanung, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Haavik, Laurel J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Haavik, Laurel J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Hartmann, Henrik] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Heres, Ana-Maria] CSIC, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, Natl Museum Nat Hist MNCN, C Serrano 115Bis, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Desert Bot Garden, Dept Res Conservat & Collect, 1201 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Kane, Jeffrey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Kitzberger, Thomas] Univ Nacl Comahue, Dept Ecol, Quintral S-N, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Kitzberger, Thomas; Suarez, Maria L.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Invest Biodiversidad & Medio Ambiente INIBOM, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Klein, Tamir] ARO, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Kramer, Koen] Wageningen Univ, Alterra Green World Res, Droevendaalse Steeg 1, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Lens, Frederic] Leiden Univ, Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Levanic, Tom] Slovenian Forestry Inst, Dept Yield & Silviculture, Vecna Pot 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Linares Calderon, Juan C.] Pablo de Olavide Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Nat Syst, Carretera Utrera Km 1, Seville 41013, Spain. [Lloret, Francisco; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Lobodo-Vale, Raquel] Univ Lisbon, Forest Res Ctr, Sch Agr, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. [Lombardi, Fabio] Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agr Sci, I-89060 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. [Lopez Rodriguez, Rosana] Tech Univ Madrid, Forest Genet & Physiol Res Grp, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 7, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Lopez Rodriguez, Rosana] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Sci Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. [Makinen, Harri] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Viikinkaari 4, Helsinki 00790, Finland. [Meszaros, Ilona] Univ Debrecen, Dept Bot, Fac Sci & Technol, Egyet Ter 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. [Metsaranta, Juha M.] Nat Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, 5320-122nd St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Papadopoulos, Andreas] Technol Educ Inst TEI Stereas Elladas, Dept Forestry & Nat Environm Management, Ag Georgiou 1, Karpenissi 36100, Greece. [Peltoniemi, Mikko] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, POB 18 Jokiniemenkuja 1, Vantaa 01301, Finland. [Petritan, Any M.] Natl Inst Res Dev Forestry Marin Dracea, Eroilor 128, Voluntari 077190, Romania. [Sarris, Dimitrios] Open Univ Cyprus, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, CY-2252 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Sarris, Dimitrios] Univ Cyprus, Dept Biol Sci, POB 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Sarris, Dimitrios] Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Div Plant Biol, Patras 26500, Greece. [Smith, Jeremy M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stan, Amanda B.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Recreat, POB 15016, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sterck, Frank] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Stojanovic, Dejan B.] Univ Novi Sad, Inst Lowland Forestry & Environm, Antona Cehova 13,POB 117, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Tognetti, Roberto] Univ Molise, Dipartimenti Biosci & Terr, I-86090 C Da Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Italy. [Tognetti, Roberto] Project Ctr Mt Forests MOUNTFOR, EFI, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Italy. [Villalba, Ricardo] CCT CONICET Mendoza, Lab Dendrocronol & Hist Ambiental, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol & Ciencias Ambiental, Ave Ruiz Leal S-N,Parque Gen San Martin, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Vodde, Floor] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Westwood, Alana R.] Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Wyckoff, Peter H.] Univ Minnesota, 600 East 4th St, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Zafirov, Nikolay] Univ Forestry, Kliment Ohridski St 10, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria. RP Cailleret, M (reprint author), ETH, Forest Ecol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Univ Str 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM cailleret.maxime@gmail.com RI Torres-Ruiz, Jose Manuel/I-6587-2012; Tognetti, Roberto/C-4962-2008; Vodde, Floortje/E-9465-2017; Bigler, Christof/C-6271-2009; Jansen, Steven/A-9868-2012; OI Torres-Ruiz, Jose Manuel/0000-0003-1367-7056; Tognetti, Roberto/0000-0002-7771-6176; Vodde, Floortje/0000-0003-1764-6193; Jansen, Steven/0000-0002-4476-5334; Janda, Pavel/0000-0003-4732-6908; Aakala, Tuomas/0000-0003-0160-6410 FU EU [FP1106, FEDER 0087 TRANSHABITAT, LIFE12 ENV/FI/000409]; Swiss National Science Foundation [140968]; German Research Foundation [JA 2174/3-1]; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO, Belgium); EU HORIZON Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IF Fellowship [659191]; Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/70632/2010, SFRH/BPD/86938/2012]; Academy of Finland [252629, 276255, 257641, 265504]; British Columbia Forest Science Program; Forest Renewal BC (Canada); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [T667-B16, FWF P25643-B16]; Czech Ministry of Education (MSMT) [LD13064, LD14074]; Spanish Ministry of Economy [CGL2015-69186-C21-R, CGL2013-48843-C2-2-R, CGL2012-32965]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Service de la protection contre les insectes et les maladies du ministere des forets du Quebec (Canada); Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) Program [P4-0015]; United States Geological Survey (USGS); French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-06VULN-004]; Metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); Jewish National Fund (Israel); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AGL2014-61175-JIN, CGL2013-46808-R]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) through the Project REGKLAM (Germany) [01 LR 0802]; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (United States of America); United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2007-60120, CSD2008-0040]; Spanish Ministry of Education via a FPU Scholarship; Russian Science Foundation [14-24-00112]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) (Argentina) [PIP 112-201101-00058, PIP 112-2011010-0809]; Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel); Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael (KKL) - Jewish National Fund (JNF) [90-9-608-08]; Sussman Center (Israel); Cathy Wills and Robert Lewis Program in Environmental Science (United Kingdom); France-Israel High Council for Research Scientific and Technological Cooperation [3-6735]; Minerva Foundation (Germany); Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; project 'Resilience of Forests' of the Ministry of Economic Affairs [KB19]; program and research group Forest Ecology, Biology and Technology (Slovenia) [P4-0107]; EU through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IOF Fellowship [624473]; Sparkling Science of the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) of Austria; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [K101552]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swiss Research Fellowship [13.272 - OAKAGE]; American National Science Foundation [0743498]; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (Canada); Public Enterprise 'Vojvodinasume'; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) [PIP 11420110100080]; El Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCyT) [PICT 2012-2009]; Italian Ministry of Education (University and Research, Ciclo del Carbonio ed altri gas serra in ecosistemi forestali, naturali ed artificiali dell'America Latina: analisi preliminare, studio di fattibilita e comparazione con ecosistemi italiani); EU LIFE+ Project MANFOR C.BD. (Environment Policy and Governance, Managing forests for multiple purposes: carbon, biodiversity and socioeconomic wellbeing); Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) (Canada) through the University of Winnipeg; Manitoba Conservation (Canada) FX This study generated from the COST Action STReESS (FP1106) financially supported by the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. We are particularly grateful to Professor Dr. Ute Sass-Klaassen from Wageningen University (the Netherlands), chair of the action, for making this metastudy possible. We also thank members of the Laboratory of Plant Ecology from the University of Ghent (Belgium) for their help while compiling the database; Louise Filion for sharing her dataset; Dario Martin-Benito for providing some For-Clim parameters; the ARC-NZ Vegetation Function Network for supporting the compilation of the Xylem Functional Traits dataset; Edurne Martinez del Castillo for the creation of Fig. 1; and two anonymous reviewers and Phillip van Mantgem (USGS) for their suggestions to improve the quality of the manuscript. MC was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project Number 140968); SJ by the German Research Foundation (JA 2174/3-1); EMRR by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO, Belgium), and by the EU HORIZON 2020 Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IF Fellowship (No. 659191); LDS by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BPD/70632/2010); TA by the Academy of Finland (Project Nos. 252629 and 276255); JAA by the British Columbia Forest Science Program and the Forest Renewal BC (Canada); BB and WO by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Hertha Firnberg Programme Project T667-B16 and FWF P25643-B16); VC, PJ, MS, and VT by the Czech Ministry of Education (MSMT, Project COST CZ Nos.; LD13064 and LD14074); JJC, JCLC, and GSB by the Spanish Ministry of Economy (Projects CGL2015-69186-C21-R, CGL2013-48843-C2-2-R, and CGL2012-32965) and the EU (Project FEDER 0087 TRANSHABITAT); MRC by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and by the Service de la protection contre les insectes et les maladies du ministere des forets du Quebec (Canada); KC by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) Program P4-0015; AD by the United States Geological Survey (USGS); HD by the French National Research Agency (ANR, DRYADE Project ANR-06VULN-004) and the Metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); MD by the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as a chief scientist and by the Jewish National Fund (Israel); GGI by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-61175-JIN); SG by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) through the Project REGKLAM (Grant Number: 01 LR 0802) (Germany); LJH by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (United States of America) and the United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service; HH by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AMH by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2007-60120 and CSD2008-0040) and by the Spanish Ministry of Education via a FPU Scholarship; VIK by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant #14-24-00112); TKi and RV by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET Grant PIP 112-201101-00058 and PIP 112-2011010-0809) (Argentina); TKl by the Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) under supervision of Professor Dan Yakir, by the Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael (KKL) - Jewish National Fund (JNF) (Alberta-Israel Program 90-9-608-08), by the Sussman Center (Israel), by the Cathy Wills and Robert Lewis Program in Environmental Science (United Kingdom), by the France-Israel High Council for Research Scientific and Technological Cooperation (Project 3-6735), and by the Minerva Foundation (Germany); KK by the project 'Resilience of Forests' of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (the Netherlands - WUR Investment theme KB19); TL by the program and research group P4-0107 Forest Ecology, Biology and Technology (Slovenia); RLV by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT; SFRH/BPD/86938/2012); RLR by the EU FP7 Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie IOF Fellowship (No. 624473); HM by the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 257641 and 265504); SM by Sparkling Science of the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) of Austria; IM by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (No. K101552); JMM by the Circumpolar-Boreal Alberta grants program from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MP by the EU Project LIFE12 ENV/FI/000409; AMP by a Swiss Research Fellowship (Sciex-NMSch, Project 13.; 272 - OAKAGE); JMS by the American National Science Foundation (Grant 0743498); ABS by the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (Canada); DS by the Public Enterprise 'Vojvodinasume' (project Improvement of Lowland Forest Management); MLS by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET Grant PIP 11420110100080) and by El Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCyT Grant PICT 2012-2009); RT by the Italian Ministry of Education (University and Research 2008, Ciclo del Carbonio ed altri gas serra in ecosistemi forestali, naturali ed artificiali dell'America Latina: analisi preliminare, studio di fattibilita e comparazione con ecosistemi italiani) and by the EU LIFE+ Project MANFOR C.BD. (Environment Policy and Governance 2009, Managing forests for multiple purposes: carbon, biodiversity and socioeconomic wellbeing); ARW by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) (Canada) through the University of Winnipeg and by Manitoba Conservation (Canada); and JMV by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant CGL2013-46808-R). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1675 EP 1690 DI 10.1111/gcb.13535 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6XW UT WOS:000396836800026 PM 27759919 ER PT J AU Lai, VH Graves, RW Wei, S Helmberger, D AF Lai, Voon Hui Graves, Robert W. Wei, Shengji Helmberger, Don TI Evidence for strong lateral seismic velocity variation in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the California margin SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE waveform modeling; lithosphere; California; plate boundary; velocity structure; San Andreas fault ID BAND REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; LITHOSPHERE BENEATH; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; WAVE; TOMOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION; PACIFIC AB Regional seismograms from earthquakes in Northern California show a systematic difference in arrival times across Southern California where long period (30-50s) SH waves arrive up to 15searlier at stations near the coast compared with sites towards the east at similar epicentral distances. We attribute this time difference to heterogeneity of the velocity structure at the crust-mantle interface beneath the California margin. To model these observations, we propose a fast seismic layer, with thickness growing westward from the San Andreas along with a thicker and slower continental crust to the east. Synthetics generated from such a model are able to match the observed timing of SH waveforms better than existing 3D models. The presence of a strong upper mantle buttressed against a weaker crust has a major influence in how the boundary between the Pacific plate and North American plate deforms and may explain the observed asymmetric strain rate across the boundary. (C) 2017 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lai, Voon Hui; Helmberger, Don] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Wei, Shengji] Earth Observ Singapore, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Lai, VH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vlai@caltech.edu OI Lai, Voon Hui/0000-0002-0738-0187 FU USGS Earthquake Hazards Program [G15AP00029]; NSF-Earthscope program [EAR-1358646]; USGS [G14AC00109] FX This work is supported by USGS Earthquake Hazards Program award G15AP00029 along with partial support from NSF-Earthscope program, EAR-1358646 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G14AC00109. Constructive reviews provided by Brad Aagaard, Annemarie Baltay, Carl Tape and an anonymous reviewer were very helpful in improving the manuscript. Waveform data for this study were accessed through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), http://dx.doi.org/10.7932/ NCEDC, and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) at Caltech, http://dx.doi.org/10.7909/C3WD3xH1. Maps were created using General Mapping Tools (GMT) software (Wessel et al., 2013). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 463 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EN3PA UT WOS:000395919200019 ER PT J AU Brown, KM Poeppe, D Josh, M Sample, J Even, E Saffer, D Tobin, H Hirose, T Kulongoski, JT Toczko, S Maeda, L AF Brown, Kevin M. Poeppe, Dean Josh, Matthew Sample, James Even, Emilie Saffer, Demian Tobin, Harold Hirose, Takehiro Kulongoski, J. T. Toczko, Sean Maeda, Lena CA IODP Expedition 348 Shipboard Part TI The action of water films at angstrom-scales in the Earth: Implications for the Nankai subduction system SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanofilms; ultrafiltration; ion dehydration; pore fluid evolution; porosity evolution; overpressuring ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CLAY MEMBRANE; FLUID-FLOW; PORE-SIZE; HYDRATION; FRACTIONATION; ISOTOPES; MONTMORILLONITE; DEHYDRATION; DIFFUSION AB Water properties change with confinement within nanofilms trapped between natural charged clay particles. We investigated nanofilm characteristics through high-stress laboratory compression tests in combination with analyses of expelled pore fluids. We utilized sediments obtained from deep drilling of the Nankai subduction zone at Site C0002 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). We show that below 1-2 km, there should be widespread ultrafiltration of migrating fluids. Experiments to >similar to 100MPanormal compression collapse pores below a few ion monofilm thicknesses. A reduction towards a single condensing/dehydrating ion monofilm occurs as stresses rise > 100-200MPa and clay separations are reduced to < 10-20 angstrom. Thus, porosity in high mineral surface area systems only consists of double and single monofilms at depths below a few km leaving little room for either bulk water or the deep biosphere. The resulting semipermeable properties result in variable segregation of ions and charged isotopes and water during active flow. The ultrafiltration and ion dehydration processes are coupled in that both require the partial immobilization of ions between the charged clay surfaces. The general effect is to increase salinities in residual pore fluids at depth and freshen fluids expelled during consolidation. Cessation of nanofilm collapse to a near constant similar to 17 angstrom below 2 km depth at Nankai supports the contention for the onset of substantial geopressuring on the deeper seismogenic fault. The properties of monofilm water, thus, have considerable implications for the deep water properties of subduction zones generating major tremor and Mw 8+ earthquakes. Indeed, the combined effects of advective flow, ultrafiltration, diffusion, and diagenesis could provide a unifying explanation for the origins of overpressuring and pore water geochemical signals observed in many natural systems. (C) 2017 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Kevin M.; Poeppe, Dean] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Josh, Matthew] CSIRO Petr, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Sample, James] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Even, Emilie] Osaka City Univ, Dept Geosci, Osaka, Japan. [Tobin, Harold] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Saffer, Demian] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hirose, Takehiro] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Kulongoski, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Toczko, Sean; Maeda, Lena] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, 3173-25 Showa Machi Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RP Brown, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kmbrown@ucsd.edu; djpj1977@yahoo.com; Matthew.Josh@csiro.au; James.Sample@nau.edu; evenieh@gmail.com; dms45@psu.edu; htobin@wisc.edu; hiroset@jamstec.go.jp; kulongos@usgs.gov; sean@jamstec.go.jp FU U.S. Science Support Program (USSSP) grant [T348A22]; IODP; IMI; University of California academic senate; RV Chikyu LEG FX We would like to thank IODP, IMI and the RV Chikyu LEG 348 crew, and the University of California academic senate for their funding of this project. Further funding provided by U.S. Science Support Program (USSSP) grant number T348A22. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 463 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.042 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EN3PA UT WOS:000395919200025 ER PT J AU Greenwood, S Ruiz-Benito, P Martinez-Vilalta, J Lloret, F Kitzberger, T Allen, CD Fensham, R Laughlin, DC Kattge, J Bonisch, G Kraft, NJB Jump, AS AF Greenwood, Sarah Ruiz-Benito, Paloma Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi Lloret, Francisco Kitzberger, Thomas Allen, Craig D. Fensham, Rod Laughlin, Daniel C. Kattge, Jens Boenisch, Gerhard Kraft, Nathan J. B. Jump, Alistair S. TI Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Climate change; die-off; forest dynamics; functional traits ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; EL-NINO DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; EUROPEAN FORESTS; TROPICAL FORESTS; EXTREME DROUGHT; PONDEROSA PINE; MIXED-CONIFER AB Drought events are increasing globally, and reports of consequent forest mortality are widespread. However, due to a lack of a quantitative global synthesis, it is still not clear whether drought-induced mortality rates differ among global biomes and whether functional traits influence the risk of drought-induced mortality. To address these uncertainties, we performed a global meta-analysis of 58 studies of drought-induced forest mortality. Mortality rates were modelled as a function of drought, temperature, biomes, phylogenetic and functional groups and functional traits. We identified a consistent global-scale response, where mortality increased with drought severity [ log mortality (trees trees(-1) year(-1)) increased 0.46 (95% CI = 0.2-0.7) with one SPEI unit drought intensity]. We found no significant differences in the magnitude of the response depending on forest biomes or between angiosperms and gymnosperms or evergreen and deciduous tree species. Functional traits explained some of the variation in drought responses between species (i.e. increased from 30 to 37% when wood density and specific leaf area were included). Tree species with denser wood and lower specific leaf area showed lower mortality responses. Our results illustrate the value of functional traits for understanding patterns of drought-induced tree mortality and suggest that mortality could become increasingly widespread in the future. C1 [Greenwood, Sarah; Ruiz-Benito, Paloma; Jump, Alistair S.] Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Ruiz-Benito, Paloma] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Life Sci, Forest Ecol & Restorat Grp, Sci Bldg, Madrid 28805, Spain. [Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi; Jump, Alistair S.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Lloret, Francisco; Kitzberger, Thomas] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola Valles, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Kitzberger, Thomas] CONICET Univ Nacl Comahue, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, New Mexico Landscapes Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Fensham, Rod] Environm Protect Agcy, Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot tha Rd, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. [Fensham, Rod] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Laughlin, Daniel C.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst & Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Kattge, Jens; Boenisch, Gerhard] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Straae 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kattge, Jens] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res IDiv, HalleJenaLeipzig Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Kraft, Nathan J. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Charles Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Greenwood, S (reprint author), Univ Stirling, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. EM sarah.greenwood@stir.ac.uk OI Greenwood, Sarah/0000-0001-9104-7936 FU Leverhulme Trust via International Network [IN-2013-004]; European Union [PCOFUND-GA-2010-267243]; University of Stirling; TRY initiative on plant traits; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany; DIVERSITAS, IGBP; Global Land Project; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through its program QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System); French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB); GIS 'Climat, Environnement et Societe' France; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the Western Mountain Initiative) FX This research was supported by The Leverhulme Trust via International Network grant IN-2013-004, together with the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under PCOFUND-GA-2010-267243 (Plant Fellows) co-funded by the University of Stirling. The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db.org). The TRY initiative and database is hosted, developed and maintained by J. Kattge and G. Bonisch (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany). TRY is/has been supported by DIVERSITAS, IGBP, the Global Land Project, the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through its program QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System), the French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB), and GIS 'Climat, Environnement et Societe' France. Support to CD Allen provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the Western Mountain Initiative). We also thank the following authors for kindly providing us with their original tree mortality data: Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Robin Chazdon, Joseph Ganey, Eric Gustafson and Inigo Grazow de la Cerda. We are grateful to three anonymous referees for their constructive comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 147 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 4 BP 539 EP 553 DI 10.1111/ele.12748 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0TZ UT WOS:000397100900015 PM 28220612 ER PT J AU Kraus, RT Vandergoot, CS Kocovsky, PM Rogers, MW Cook, HA Brenden, TO AF Kraus, Richard T. Vandergoot, Christopher S. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Rogers, Mark W. Cook, H. Andrew Brenden, Travis O. TI Reconciling catch differences from multiple fishery independent gill net surveys SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Walleye; Inter-jurisdictional fisheries; Gear comparison ID SAMPLE-SIZES; LAKE-ERIE; SELECTIVITY; LENGTH; EFFICIENCY; WALLEYES; MODELS; TWINE; RATES AB Fishery independent gill net surveys provide valuable demographic information for population assessment and resource management, but relative to net construction, the effects of ancillary species, and environmental variables on focal species catch rates are poorly understood. In response, we conducted comparative deployments with three unique, inter-agency, survey gill nets used to assess walleye Sander Vitreus in Lake Erie. We used an information-theoretic approach with Akaike's second-order information criterion (AIC) to evaluate linear mixed models of walleye catch as a function of net type (Multifilament and two types of monofilament netting), mesh size (categorical), Secchi depth, temperature, water depth, catch of ancillary species, and interactions among selected variables. The model with the greatest weight of evidence showed that walleye catches were positively associated with potential prey arid intra-guild predators and negatively associated with water depth and temperature. In addition, the multifilament net had higher average walleye catches than either of the two monofilament nets. Results from this study both help inform decisions about proposed gear changes to stock assessment surveys in Lake Erie, and advance our understanding of how multispecies associations explain variation in gill net catches. Of broader interest to fishery-independent gill net studies, effects of abiotic variables and ancillary species on focal specie's catch rates were small in comparison with net characteristics of mesh size or twine type. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kraus, Richard T.; Kocovsky, Patrick M.; Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Div Wildlife, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44875 USA. [Cook, H. Andrew] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Lake Erie Management Unit, 320 Milo Rd, Wheatley, ON NOP 2P0, Canada. [Brenden, Travis O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 375 Wilson Rd,Room 101, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rogers, Mark W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Box 5114, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Kraus, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM rkraus@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2017 VL 188 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.004 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EK7AG UT WOS:000394077100003 ER PT J AU DuFour, MR Mayer, CM Kocovsky, PM Qian, SS Warner, DM Kraus, RT Vandergoot, CS AF DuFour, Mark R. Mayer, Christine M. Kocovsky, Patrick M. Qian, Song S. Warner, Dave M. Kraus, Richard T. Vandergoot, Christopher S. TI Sparse targets in hydroacoustic surveys: Balancing quantity and quality of in situ target strength data SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Walleye; Shallow-water; Low-density; Beam compensation; Fisheries ID TRANSDUCER MOTION; DORSAL-ASPECT; FRESH-WATER; FISH; FISHERIES; ACOUSTICS; LAKES; BEAM; ERIE; SWIMBLADDER AB Hydroacoustic sampling of low-density fish in shallow water can lead to low sample sizes of naturally variable target strength (TS) estimates, resulting in both sparse and variable data. Increasing maximum beam compensation (BC) beyond conventional values (i.e., 3 dB beam width) can recover more targets during data analysis; however, data quality decreases near the acoustic beam edges. We identified the optimal balance between data quantity and quality With increasing BC using a standard sphere calibration, and we quantified the effect of BC on fish track variability, size structure, and density estimates of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus). Standard sphere mean TS estimates were consistent with theoretical values (-39.6 dB) up to 18-dB BC, while estimates decreased at greater BC values. Natural sources (i.e., residual and mean TS) dominated total fish track variation, while contributions from measurement related error (i.e., number of single echo detections (SEDs) and BC) were proportionally low. Increasing BC led to more fish encounters and SEDs per fish, while stability in size structure and density were observed at intermediate values (e.g., 18 dB). Detection of medium to large fish (i.e., age-2+ walleye) benefited most from increasing BC, as proportional changes in site structure and density were greatest in these size categories. Therefore, when TS data are sparse and variable, increasing BC to an optimal value (here 18 dB) will maximize the TS data quantity while limiting lower-quality data near the beam edges. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DuFour, Mark R.; Mayer, Christine M.; Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Kocovsky, Patrick M.; Kraus, Richard T.; Vandergoot, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Warner, Dave M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP DuFour, MR (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. EM mark.dufour@rockets.utoledo.edu; christine.mayer@utoledo.edu; pkocovsky@usgs.gov; song.qian@utoledo.edu; dmwarner@usgs.gov; rkraus@usgs.gov; cvandergoot@usgs.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish RestoratiOn Program (Fish Management in Ohio) [F-69-P]; ODNR-DOW [FADR70] FX The authors would like to thank the many involved in the collection and processing of hydroacoustic and gill net data including Robert Mapes, Jason Ross, Jeremy Pritt, Audrey Maran, Ryan Andrews, Betsy Bodamer-Scarbro, Taylor Stewart, Tim Cherry, Dale Hall, Deirdre Jordan, James McFee, and Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife (ODNR-DOW) personnel. We also appreciate constructive feedback on this work from Lars Rudstam, Michael Jech, Daniel Yule, and Michael Connerton. This research was funded by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish RestoratiOn Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio), administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the ODNR-DOW (project FADR70). This work was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Any use of trade, firm, or product flames is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 2017-1 of the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. Sampling and handling of fish was in accordance with guidelines for the care and Use of fishes by the American Fisheries Society (http://fisheries.org/docs/wp/Guidelines-for-Use-of-Fishes.pdf). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2017 VL 188 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.020 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EK7AG UT WOS:000394077100018 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR AF Hossack, Blake R. TI Amphibian dynamics in constructed ponds on a wildlife refuge: developing expected responses to hydrological restoration SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Detection; Drought; Hydrology; Management; Occupancy; Restoration; Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; Wildlife refuge ID COLUMBIA SPOTTED FROG; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WETLAND; USA; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; OCCUPANCY; OREGON; COLONIZATION; DECLINES AB Management actions are based upon predictable responses. To form expected responses to restoration actions, I estimated habitat relationships and trends (2002-2015) for four pond-breeding amphibians on a wildlife refuge (Montana, USA) where changes to restore historical hydrology to the system greatly expanded (ae8 times) the flooded area of the primary breeding site for western toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Additional restoration actions are planned for the near future, including removing ponds that provide amphibian habitat. Multi-season occupancy models based on data from 15 ponds sampled during 7 years revealed that the number of breeding subpopulations increased modestly for Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) and was stationary for long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla). For these three species, pond depth was the characteristic that was associated most frequently with occupancy or changes in colonization and extinction. In contrast, a large decrease in colonization by western toads explained the decline from eight occupied ponds in 2002 to two ponds in 2015. This decline occurred despite an increase in wetland area and the colonization of a newly created pond. These changes highlight the challenges of managing for multiple species and how management responses can be unpredictable, possibly reducing the efficacy of targeted actions. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2017 VL 790 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10750-016-2979-0 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1BE UT WOS:000394354700003 ER PT J AU Symons, WO Sumner, EJ Paull, CK Cartigny, MJB Xu, JP Maier, KL Lorenson, TD Talling, PJ AF Symons, William O. Sumner, Esther J. Paull, Charles K. Cartigny, Matthieu J. B. Xu, J. P. Maier, Katherine L. Lorenson, Thomas D. Talling, Peter J. TI A new model for turbidity current behavior based on integration of flow monitoring and precision coring in a submarine canyon SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY CANYON; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; CHANNEL AB Submarine turbidity currents create some of the largest sediment accumulations on Earth, yet there are few direct measurements of these flows. Instead, most of our understanding of turbidity currents results from analyzing their deposits in the sedimentary record. However, the lack of direct flow measurements means that there is considerable debate regarding how to interpret flow properties from ancient deposits. This novel study combines detailed flow monitoring with unusually precisely located cores at different heights, and multiple locations, within the Monterey submarine canyon, offshore California, USA. Dating demonstrates that the cores include the time interval that flows were monitored in the canyon, albeit individual layers cannot be tied to specific flows. There is good correlation between grain sizes collected by traps within the flow and grain sizes measured in cores from similar heights on the canyon walls. Synthesis of flow and deposit data suggests that turbidity currents sourced from the upper reaches of Monterey Canyon comprise three flow phases. Initially, a thin (38-50 m) powerful flow in the upper canyon can transport, tilt, and break the most proximal moorings and deposit chaotic sands and gravel on the canyon floor. The initially thin flow front then thickens and deposits interbedded sands and silty muds on the canyon walls as much as 62 m above the canyon floor. Finally, the flow thickens along its length, thus lofting silty mud and depositing it at greater altitudes than the previous deposits and in excess of 70 m altitude. C1 [Symons, William O.; Sumner, Esther J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Paull, Charles K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Talling, Peter J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LY, England. [Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Talling, Peter J.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LY, England. [Xu, J. P.] Ocean Univ China, Coll Marine Geosci, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Maier, Katherine L.; Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Symons, WO (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM w.o.symons@soton.ac.uk FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L501657/1]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX Symons is funded by Natural Environment Research Council Studentship NE/L501657/1. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. We thank the crew of the R/V Western Flyer, the pilots of ROV Doc Ricketts, Angela Tan for laboratory assistance, and A. Fildani, P. Puig, and one anonymous reviewer for their reviews. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 4 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1130/G38764.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PK UT WOS:000396125700022 ER PT J AU Hafner, SC Watanabe, N Harter, T Bergamaschi, BA Parikh, SJ AF Hafner, Sarah C. Watanabe, Naoko Harter, Thomas Bergamaschi, Brian A. Parikh, Sanjai J. TI Effects of solid-liquid separation and storage on monensin attenuation in dairy waste management systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Antibiotics; Groundwater; Manure management; Monensin ID VETERINARY IONOPHORE ANTIBIOTICS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ANIMAL MANURE; WATER; SOIL; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; AERATION; FARMS; CROPS AB Environmental release of veterinary pharmaceuticals has been of regulatory concern for more than a decade. Monensin is a feed additive antibiotic that is prevalent throughout the dairy industry and is excreted in dairy waste. This study investigates the potential of dairy waste management practices to alter the amount of monensin available for release into the environment. Analysis of wastewater and groundwater from two dairy farms in California consistently concluded that monensin is most present in lagoon water and groundwater downgradient of lagoons. Since the lagoons represent a direct source of monensin to groundwater, the effect of waste management, by mechanical screen separation and lagoon aeration, on aqueous monensin concentration was investigated through construction of lagoon microcosms. The results indicate that monensin attenuation is not improved by increased solid-liquid separation prior to storage in lagoons, as monensin is rapidly desorbed after dilution with water. Monensin is also shown to be easily degraded in lagoon microcosms receiving aeration, but is relatively stable and available for leaching under typical anaerobic lagoon conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hafner, Sarah C.; Watanabe, Naoko; Harter, Thomas; Parikh, Sanjai J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Parikh, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjparikh@ucdavis.edu RI Parikh, Sanjai /F-3476-2011 OI Parikh, Sanjai /0000-0002-5260-0417 FU CALFED Bay-Delta Authority Drinking Water Program; USGS Cooperative Water Program; California Department of Food and Agriculture [07-0893]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [W-3045] FX The authors are grateful to Dana Erickson for initiating the proposal and Jeff Palsgaard at MCDEH for his assistance. Funding for this research was provided by CALFED Bay-Delta Authority Drinking Water Program in a grant to the Merced County Department of Environmental Health and administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board (03-244-555-01), the USGS Cooperative Water Program, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (07-0893). Additional funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) through Hatch Formula Funding and multistate regional projects W-3045. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.024 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ9DC UT WOS:000393525800004 PM 28030781 ER PT J AU Haak, DM Fath, BD Forbes, VE Martin, DR Pope, KL AF Haak, Danielle M. Fath, Brian D. Forbes, Valery E. Martin, Dustin R. Pope, Kevin L. TI Coupling ecological and social network models to assess "transmission" and "contagion" of an aquatic invasive species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bellamya chinensis; Chinese mystery snail; Ecological network analysis; Epidemiological network analysis; Social network analysis; Ecopath with Ecosim; Aquatic invasive species ID CHINESE MYSTERY SNAIL; NEBRASKA RESERVOIR; BELLAMYA-CHINENSIS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; SPREAD; LAKES; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES AB Network analysis is used to address diverse ecological, social, economic, and epidemiological questions, but few efforts have been made to combine these field-specific analyses into interdisciplinary approaches that effectively address how complex systems are interdependent and connected to one another. Identifying and understanding these cross-boundary connections improves natural resource management and promotes proactive, rather than reactive, decisions. This research had two main objectives; first, adapt the framework and approach of infectious disease network modeling so that it may be applied to the socio-ecological problem of spreading aquatic invasive species, and second, use this new coupled model to simulate the spread of the invasive Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) in a reservoir network in Southeastern Nebraska, USA. The coupled model integrates an existing social network model of how anglers move on the landscape with new reservoir-specific ecological network models. This approach allowed us to identify 1) how angler movement among reservoirs aids in the spread of B. chinensis, 2) how B. chinensis alters energy flows within individual-reservoir food webs, and 3) a new method for assessing the spread of any number of non-native or invasive species within complex, social ecological systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haak, Danielle M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fath, Brian D.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Adv Syst Anal Program, Laxenburg, Austria. [Fath, Brian D.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA. [Forbes, Valery E.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Biol Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.] ReelSonar Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Haak, DM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmhaak@uga.edu; bfath@towson.edu; veforbes@umn.edu; dustin@reelsonar.com; kpope2@unl.edu OI Forbes, Valery/0000-0001-9819-9385 FU NSF IGERT grant [DGE-0903469]; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) as part of the Young Scientists Summer Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was supported in part by an NSF IGERT grant, DGE-0903469, as well as the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) as part of the Young Scientists Summer Program. We thank Bruce Stephen for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ9DC UT WOS:000393525800025 PM 28061408 ER PT J AU Gehre, M Renpenning, J Geilmann, H Qi, HP Coplen, TB Kummel, S Ivdra, N Brand, WA Schimmelmann, A AF Gehre, Matthias Renpenning, Julian Geilmann, Heike Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Kuemmel, Steffen Ivdra, Natalija Brand, Willi A. Schimmelmann, Arndt TI Optimization of on-line hydrogen stable isotope ratio measurements of halogen- and sulfur-bearing organic compounds using elemental analyzer-chromium/high-temperature conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS) SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID POLYHALOGENATED COMPOUNDS; WATER SAMPLES; NITROGEN; PRECISION; H-2/H-1; REACTOR AB RATIONALE: Accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis of halogen-and sulfur-bearing organics has not been possible with traditional high-temperature conversion (HTC) because the formation of hydrogen-bearing reaction products other than molecular hydrogen (H-2) is responsible for non-quantitative H-2 yields and possible hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Our previously introduced, new chromium-based EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS (Elemental Analyzer-Chromium/High-Temperature Conversion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) technique focused primarily on nitrogen-bearing compounds. Several technical and analytical issues concerning halogen-and sulfur-bearing samples, however, remained unresolved and required further refinement of the reactor systems. METHODS: The EA-Cr/HTC reactor was substantially modified for the conversion of halogen-and sulfur-bearing samples. The performance of the novel conversion setup for solid and liquid samples was monitored and optimized using a simultaneously operating dual-detection system of IRMS and ion trap MS. The method with several variants in the reactor, including the addition of manganese metal chips, was evaluated in three laboratories using EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS (on-line method) and compared with traditional uranium-reduction-based conversion combined with manual dual-inlet IRMS analysis (off-line method) in one laboratory. RESULTS: The modified EA-Cr/HTC reactor setup showed an overall H-2-recovery of more than 96% for all halogen-and sulfur-bearing organic compounds. All results were successfully normalized via two-point calibration with VSMOW-SLAP reference waters. Precise and accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis was achieved for a variety of organics containing F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, and S-bearing heteroelements. The robust nature of the on-line EA-Cr/HTC technique was demonstrated by a series of 196 consecutive measurements with a single reactor filling. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized EA-Cr/HTC reactor design can be implemented in existing analytical equipment using commercially available material and is universally applicable for both heteroelement-bearing and heteroelement-free organic-compound classes. The sensitivity and simplicity of the on-line EA-Cr/HTC-IRMS technique provide a much needed tool for routine hydrogen-isotope source tracing of organic contaminants in the environment. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gehre, Matthias; Renpenning, Julian; Kuemmel, Steffen; Ivdra, Natalija] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Geilmann, Heike; Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Beutenberg Campus,POB 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ivdra, Natalija] Isodetect GmbH, Deutsch Pl 5b, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Schimmelmann, Arndt] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gehre, M (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM matthias.gehre@ufz.de FU European Union [PITN-GA-2010-264329]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1052927]; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX The research in the LSI-Leipzig has been financially supported in part by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programs (project acronym CSI: ENVIRONMENT, contract number PITN-GA-2010-264329). We thank Ms. Bluemel for the H2-H2O equilibration measurements from the heavy water. A.S. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. EAR-1052927). Thanks are extended to IVA Analysetechnik GmbH for providing the bottom-up reverse-flow connector for the HTO device. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this article possible. The manuscript benefited from the constructive reviews from Brittany L. Grimm and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 30 PY 2017 VL 31 IS 6 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1002/rcm.7810 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA EL3JU UT WOS:000394516200001 PM 27984667 ER PT J AU Pauli, JN Newsome, SD Cook, JA Harrod, C Steffan, SA Baker, CJO Ben-David, M Bloom, D Bowen, GJ Cerling, TE Cicero, C Cook, C Dohm, M Dharampal, PS Graves, G Gropp, R Hobson, KA Jordan, C MacFadden, B Birchs, SP Poelen, J Ratnasingham, S Russell, L Stricker, CA Uhen, MD Yarnes, CT Hayden, B AF Pauli, Jonathan N. Newsome, Seth D. Cook, Joseph A. Harrod, Chris Steffan, Shawn A. Baker, Christopher J. O. Ben-David, Merav Bloom, David Bowen, Gabriel J. Cerling, Thure E. Cicero, Carla Cook, Craig Dohm, Michelle Dharampal, Prarthana S. Graves, Gary Gropp, Robert Hobson, Keith A. Jordan, Chris MacFadden, Bruce Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar Poelen, Jorrit Ratnasingham, Sujeevan Russell, Laura Stricker, Craig A. Uhen, Mark D. Yarnes, Christopher T. Hayden, Brian TI Why we need a centralized repository for isotopic data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID STABLE-ISOTOPES C1 [Pauli, Jonathan N.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Stable Isotopes, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Harrod, Chris] Univ Antofagasta, Inst Ciencias Nat Alexander Humboldt, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile. [Steffan, Shawn A.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Steffan, Shawn A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baker, Christopher J. O.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Comp Sci, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bloom, David] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, VertNet IDigBio, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Gabriel J.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cerling, Thure E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. [Cook, Craig] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dohm, Michelle] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dharampal, Prarthana S.] Amer Inst Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Graves, Gary] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Graves, Gary] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Gropp, Robert; Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jordan, Chris; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Russell, Laura] Univ Guelph, Ctr Biodivers Genom, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Birchs, Suzanne Pilaar; Uhen, Mark D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yarnes, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Davis, Stable Isotope Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hayden, Brian] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Pauli, JN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU National Science Foundation, Emerging Frontiers [NSF 1613214]; Biodiversity Collections Network Research Coordinating Network [NSF 1441785] FX We thank Brian Fry, Tamsin O'Connell, and Jim Ehleringer for constructive comments on an earlier daft of this manuscript; and the staff at the UNM Sevilleta Research Station for hosting the IsoBank Workshop. The IsoBank Workshop was funded with a grant through the National Science Foundation, Emerging Frontiers (NSF 1613214) and support from the Biodiversity Collections Network Research Coordinating Network (NSF 1441785). This article is dedicated to the memory of Scott Federhen. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 21 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 12 BP 2997 EP 3001 DI 10.1073/pnas.1701742114 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EO7TS UT WOS:000396893600038 PM 28325883 ER PT J AU Leeper, R Rhodes, B Kirby, M Scharer, K Carlin, J Hemphill-Haley, E Avnaim-Katav, S MacDonald, G Starratt, S Aranda, A AF Leeper, Robert Rhodes, Brady Kirby, Matthew Scharer, Katherine Carlin, Joseph Hemphill-Haley, Eileen Avnaim-Katav, Simona MacDonald, Glen Starratt, Scott Aranda, Angela TI Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL; CANYON FAULT ZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; EARTHQUAKE; FORAMINIFERA; RISE AB Paleoenvironmental records from a southern California coastal saltmarsh reveal evidence for repeated late Holocene coseismic subsidence events. Field analysis of sediment gouge cores established discrete lithostratigraphic units extend across the wetland. Detailed sediment analyses reveal abrupt changes in lithology, percent total organic matter, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility. Microfossil analyses indicate that predominantly freshwater deposits bury relic intertidal deposits at three distinct depths. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the three burial events occurred in the last 2000 calendar years. Two of the three events are contemporaneous with large-magnitude paleoearthquakes along the Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system. From these data, we infer that during large magnitude earthquakes a step-over along the fault zone results in the vertical displacement of an approximately 5-km(2) area that is consistent with the footprint of an estuary identified in pre-development maps. These findings provide insight on the evolution of the saltmarsh, coseismic deformation and earthquake recurrence in a wide area of southern California, and sensitive habitat already threatened by eustatic sea level rise. C1 [Leeper, Robert; Rhodes, Brady; Kirby, Matthew; Carlin, Joseph; Aranda, Angela] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Leeper, Robert; Scharer, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Hemphill-Haley, Eileen] Hemphill Haley Consulting, McKinleyville, CA 95519 USA. [Avnaim-Katav, Simona; MacDonald, Glen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Starratt, Scott] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Leeper, R (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA.; Leeper, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM rleep002@ucr.edu OI Leeper III, Robert/0000-0003-2890-8216 FU National Science Foundation [1140116]; Southern California Earthquake Center [12080, 14041]; California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science Technology FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (1140116), the Southern California Earthquake Center (12080, 14041), and the California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology. We are thankful for reviews by Brian Atwater and Alex Simms and field and laboratory assistance by numerous colleagues and students from California State University, Fullerton, California State University, Northridge, California State University, Long Beach, and the California Institute of Technology. We are also thankful to the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge and the U.S. Navy for site access. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 20 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 44615 DI 10.1038/srep44615 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EO4KZ UT WOS:000396665100001 PM 28317847 ER PT J AU Vinson, DS Blair, NE Martini, AM Larter, S Orem, WH McIntosh, JC AF Vinson, David S. Blair, Neal E. Martini, Anna M. Larter, Steve Orem, William H. McIntosh, Jennifer C. TI Microbial methane from in situ biodegradation of coal and shale: A review and reevaluation of hydrogen and carbon isotope signatures SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Biogenic gas; Carbon isotopes; Hydrogen isotopes; Coalbed methane ID SAN-JUAN BASIN; POWDER RIVER-BASIN; FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS; DEVONIAN ANTRIM SHALE; BLACK-WARRIOR BASIN; ORGANIC-RICH SHALE; COOK INLET BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BIOGENIC METHANE; STABLE-ISOTOPE AB Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of methane, water, and inorganic carbon are widely utilized in natural gas systems for distinguishing microbial and thermogenic methane and for delineating methanogenic pathways (acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic, and/or methylotrophic methanogenesis). Recent studies of coal and shale gas systems have characterized in situ microbial communities and provided stable isotope data (delta D-CH4, delta D-H2O, delta C-13-CH4, and delta C-13-CO2) from a wider range of environments than available previously. Here we review the principal biogenic methane-yielding pathways in coal beds and shales and the isotope effects imparted on methane, document the uncertainties and inconsistencies in established isotopic fingerprinting techniques, and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the subsurface processes that govern H and C isotope signatures of biogenic methane. We also compare established isotopic interpretations with recent microbial community characterization techniques, which reveal additional inconsistencies in the interpretation of microbial metabolic pathways in coal beds and shales. Collectively, the re-assessed data show that widely-utilized isotopic fingerprinting techniques neglect important complications in coal beds and shales. Isotopic fingerprinting techniques that combine delta C-13-CH4 with delta D-CH4 and/or delta C-13-CO2 have significant limitations: (1) The consistent similar to 160% offset between delta D-H2O and delta D-CH4 could imply that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is the dominant metabolic pathway in microbial gas systems. However, hydrogen isotopes can equilibrate between methane precursors and coexisting water, yielding a similar apparent H isotope signal as hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, regardless of the actual methane formation pathway. (2) Non-methanogenic processes such as sulfate reduction, Fe oxide reduction, inputs of thermogenic methane, anaerobicmethane oxidation, and/or formation water interaction can cause the apparent carbon isotope fractionation between delta C-13-CH4 and delta C-13-CO2 (alpha C-13(CO2-CH4)) to differ from the true methanogenic fractionation, complicating interpretation of methanogenic pathways. (3) Where little-fractionating non-methanogenic bacterial processes compete with highly-fractionating methanogenesis, the mass balance between CH4 and CO2 is affected. This has implications for delta C-13 values and provides an alternative interpretation for net C isotope signatures than solely the pathways used by active methanogens. (4) While most of the reviewed values of delta D-H2O -delta D-CH4 and alpha C-13(CO2-CH4) are apparently consistent with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis as the dominant pathway in coal beds and shales, recent microbial community characterization techniques suggest a possible role for acetoclastic or methylotrophic methanogenesis in some basins. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vinson, David S.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Blair, Neal E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Martini, Anna M.] Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Larter, Steve] Univ Calgary, PRG, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Orem, William H.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Blair, Neal E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. RP Vinson, DS (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM dsvinson@uncc.edu FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [51001-ND2, 47750-B2]; U.S. Geological Survey; Carbon Management Canada; NSF EAR [1322805]; NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship [1249916]; Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern University FX This research was supported by the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (grants 51001-ND2 to JM and 47750-B2 to AM), U.S. Geological Survey, Carbon Management Canada, NSF EAR (grant 1322805 to JM), NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship 1249916 (to DV), and the Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern University (to NB). SL acknowledges Canada Research Chairs and NSERC. We acknowledge Michael Lawson, Kinga Revesz, Allan Kolker, and one anonymous Chemical Geology reviewer for their constructive reviews and Editor-in-Chief Michael Bottcher for editorial handling. We also thank Denise Akob, Matthew Kirk, and Tracy Quan for helpful discussions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 172 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 20 PY 2017 VL 453 BP 128 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.027 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5KD UT WOS:000396730900011 ER PT J AU Ali, SH Giurco, D Arndt, N Nickless, E Brown, G Demetriades, A Durrheim, R Enriquez, MA Kinnaird, J Littleboy, A Meinert, LD Oberhansli, R Salem, J Schodde, R Schneider, G Vidal, O Yakovleva, N AF Ali, Saleem H. Giurco, Damien Arndt, Nicholas Nickless, Edmund Brown, Graham Demetriades, Alecos Durrheim, Ray Enriquez, Maria Amelia Kinnaird, Judith Littleboy, Anna Meinert, Lawrence D. Oberhansli, Roland Salem, Janet Schodde, Richard Schneider, Gabi Vidal, Olivier Yakovleva, Natalia TI Mineral supply for sustainable development requires resource governance SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID METALS; CRITICALITY; CHALLENGES; SOCIETY; DEMAND; RISK AB Successful delivery of the United Nations sustainable development goals and implementation of the Paris Agreement requires technologies that utilize a wide range of minerals in vast quantities. Metal recycling and technological change will contribute to sustaining supply, but mining must continue and grow for the foreseeable future to ensure that such minerals remain available to industry. New links are needed between existing institutional frameworks to oversee responsible sourcing of minerals, trajectories for mineral exploration, environmental practices, and consumer awareness of the effects of consumption. Here we present, through analysis of a comprehensive set of data and demand forecasts, an interdisciplinary perspective on how best to ensure ecologically viable continuity of global mineral supply over the coming decades. C1 [Ali, Saleem H.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ali, Saleem H.] Univ Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ali, Saleem H.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Giurco, Damien] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst Sustainable Futures, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Arndt, Nicholas; Vidal, Olivier] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Nickless, Edmund] Geol Soc London, London, England. [Brown, Graham] Graham Brown Consulting, Buckland, Bucks, England. [Demetriades, Alecos] IUGS IAGC Commiss Global Geochem Baselines & Euro, Athens, Greece. [Durrheim, Ray; Kinnaird, Judith] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Enriquez, Maria Amelia] Univ Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Littleboy, Anna] CSIRO, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Meinert, Lawrence D.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Oberhansli, Roland] Potsdam Univ, Potsdam, Germany. [Oberhansli, Roland] Int Union Geol Sci, Potsdam, Germany. [Salem, Janet] UN, Environm Programme, Bangkok, Thailand. [Schodde, Richard] MinEx Consulting, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Schodde, Richard] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Perth, WA, Australia. [Schneider, Gabi] Namibian Uranium Inst, Swakopmund, Namibia. [Yakovleva, Natalia] Newcastle Univ, London Campus, London, England. RP Ali, SH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Ali, SH (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.; Ali, SH (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM saleem@alum.mit.edu FU UNESCO; IUGS; ICSU FX The authors are an interdisciplinary group, operating under the Resourcing Future Generations initiative of the International Union of Geological Sciences, the International Council for Science Unions and UNESCO. D. Nyanganyura of the International Council for Science and F. Masotti of Vale Corporation provided comments that led to this Perspective. S. Mohr of the University of Technology Sydney assisted with the model output results presented. Financial support provided by UNESCO, IUGS and ICSU, and logistical support provided by the Namibian Geological Survey, is acknowledged. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7645 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1038/nature21359 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9RN UT WOS:000396337400040 PM 28300094 ER PT J AU Linhoff, BS Charette, MA Nienow, PW Wadham, JL Tedstone, AJ Cowton, T AF Linhoff, Benjamin S. Charette, Matthew A. Nienow, Peter W. Wadham, Jemma L. Tedstone, Andrew J. Cowton, Thomas TI Utility of Rn-222 as a passive tracer of subglacial distributed system drainage SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radon; Greenland; glacier; proglacial river; meltwater ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; HAUT GLACIER DAROLLA; OUTLET GLACIER; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SEASONAL EVOLUTION; WEST GREENLAND; RADON; VARIABILITY; MELTWATER; ESTUARY AB Water flow beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been shown to include slow-inefficient (distributed) and fast-efficient (channelized) drainage systems, in response to meltwater delivery to the bed via both moulins and surface lake drainage. This partitioning between channelized and distributed drainage systems is difficult to quantify yet it plays an important role in bulk meltwater chemistry and glacial velocity, and thus subglacial erosion. Radon-222, which is continuously produced via the decay of Ra-226, accumulates in meltwater that has interacted with rock and sediment. Hence, elevated concentrations of Rn-222 should be indicative of meltwater that has flowed through a distributed drainage system network. In the spring and summer of 2011 and 2012, we made hourly Rn-222 measurements in the proglacial river of a large outlet glacier of the GrIS (Leverett Glacier, SW Greenland). Radon 222 activities were highest in the early melt season (10-15 dpm L-1), decreasing by a factor of 2-5 (3-5 dpm L-1) following the onset of widespread surface melt. Using a Rn-222 mass balance model, we estimate that, on average, greater than 90% of the river Rn-222 was sourced from distributed system meltwater. The distributed system Rn-222 flux varied on diurnal, weekly, and seasonal time scales with highest fluxes generally occurring on the falling limb of the hydrograph and during expansion of the channelized drainage system. Using laboratory based estimates of distributed system Rn-222, the distributed system water flux generally ranged between 1-5% of the total proglacial river discharge for both seasons. This study provides a promising new method for hydrograph separation in glacial watersheds and for estimating the timing and magnitude of distributed system fluxes expelled at ice sheet margins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Linhoff, Benjamin S.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Water Sci Ctr, 6700 Edith Blvd, Reston, NE 20192 USA. [Linhoff, Benjamin S.; Charette, Matthew A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nienow, Peter W.; Cowton, Thomas] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Drummond St, Edinburgh EH10 4ET, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wadham, Jemma L.; Tedstone, Andrew J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Cowton, Thomas] Univ St Andrews, Dept Geog & Sustainable Dev, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. RP Linhoff, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Water Sci Ctr, 6700 Edith Blvd, Reston, NE 20192 USA. EM blinhoff@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation Arctic Natural Sciences Program [ANS-1256669]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Arctic Research Initiative; Ocean Ventures Fund; Ocean Climate Change Institute; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council studentship [NE/152830X/1]; Carnegie Trust; Edinburgh University Development Trust FX We acknowledge and thank our funding sources: U.S. National Science Foundation Arctic Natural Sciences Program (ANS-1256669); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Arctic Research Initiative, Ocean Ventures Fund, and Ocean Climate Change Institute; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council studentship (NE/152830X/1); the Carnegie Trust, Edinburgh University Development Trust. We also thank the Leverett field camp members who helped with data collection especially Catie Butler for collecting the 2011 electrical conductivity data that appears in this work. Data presented in this study is archived at: www.aoncadis.org/dataset/GrIS_RADON.html. Finally, we thank the Editor Derek Vance and three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions significantly improved this manuscript. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 462 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.039 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM8ZP UT WOS:000395600900017 ER PT J AU Marr, KR Madden, MEE Soreghan, GS Hall, BL AF Marr, Kristen R. Madden, Megan E. Elwood Soreghan, Gerilyn S. Hall, Brenda L. TI Chemical weathering trends in fine-grained ephemeral stream sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical weathering; Antarctica; Polar streams; BET surface area; Hyporheic zone; Mineral dissolution; Cold-based glacier ID GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAM; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; BET SURFACE-AREA; TAYLOR VALLEY; ICE-SHEET; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; POLAR DESERT; EXCHANGE CONTROLS; WRIGHT VALLEY; AEOLIAN FLUX AB We investigated chemical weathering trends within the fine-grained (<63 mu m; silt and clay) fraction of sediments collected from meltwater streams emanating from glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV; Wright and Taylor Valleys) by integrating grain size, BET surface area, and whole-rock geochemistry. While both valleys currently host cold-based glaciers, the sediment underlying the ephemeral glacial streams was deposited under differing glacial conditions. In Wright Valley (Clark Glacier stream), Brownworth and Trilogy drifts were deposited via cold-based glaciation, whereas the Ross Sea drift that underlies Delta Stream in Taylor Valley likely reflects contributions from wet-based ice. Wright Valley stream sediments are typically coarser grained and have a higher silt content as compared to Taylor Valley sediments. These sediments consist primarily of pyroxenes, quartz, and feldspars, with the percentages of pyroxenes and quartz systematically increasing downstream. The percentage of phyllosilicates ranges from 4 to 18% and decreases with downstream distance. In contrast, Taylor Valley sediments (Delta Stream) are finer-grained and exhibit lower percentages of both pyroxene and quartz and a significantly higher percentage of phyllosilicates (30-43%). Concentrations of all mineral phases remain relatively consistent in abundance with downstream transport in the Delta Stream transect as compared to Clark Glacier stream sediments. Standard chemical weathering indices, such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), indicate that chemical weathering is occurring within the silt and clay fractions of Antarctic stream sediments and is particularly pronounced in Delta Stream sediments that have BET surface area measurements >40 m(2)/g. Utilization of MFW (mafic-felsic-weathered) and A-CN-K (Al2O3-CaO + Na2O-K2O plots, however, are more effective in discerning the extent and nature of chemical weathering in these stream systems. Ca and Na depletion observed within the sediments exhibiting the highest surface area in Delta Stream suggest that chemical weathering may result in pitting and/or incongruent dissolution of pyroxenes and feldspars, as well as the development of amorphous and/or nanophase weathering products. In contrast, Clark Glacier stream sediments do not have similar leaching trends in the fine-grained sediment fraction and exhibit minimal weathering overall. This may suggest that fine-grained material is being trapped on top of the Clark Glacier surface and has not yet been transported into the weathering environment of the hyporheic zone due to timing of sampling. Alternatively, complete dissolution of very fine-grained sediment could be occurring in this stream transect, and is therefore not preserved in the fine sediment fraction. Overall, the magnitude of chemical weathering observed between the two stream systems is ultimately related to the nature of the underlying drift (cold and wet based drift deposition), dispersal patterns of eolian fines, and variable stream discharge rates. Thus, incorporation of local fine-grained sediment derived from the underlying glacial drift deposits and distributed via the varying wind regimes within the hyper-arid climate into active stream channels may facilitate incongruent mineral dissolution and development of weathering products, and ultimately influence the composition and concentration of meltwater stream solutes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marr, Kristen R.; Madden, Megan E. Elwood; Soreghan, Gerilyn S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, 100 E Boyd St,Suite 710, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hall, Brenda L.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Marr, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kmarra@usgs.gov FU NSF [ANT-0842639, EAR-12252162] FX Financial support for this work was provided by NSF # ANT-0842639 and # EAR-12252162. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. The authors thank A. Stumpf (University of Oklahoma) for sampling assistance during the 2009-2010 Antarctic field season and S. Braddock (University of Maine) for collecting supplementary samples in Taylor Valley during the 2012-2013 field season. Additionally, the authors thank M. Irwinsky, J. DiGiulio, V. Priegnitz, J. Westrop, J. Miller, and R. Funderberg (University of Oklahoma) for assistance with sample processing and analyses, and A. Boehlke, B. Benzell, and B. Betterton (USGS) for assistance with clay XRD preparation and analyses. The authors also thank A. Elwood Madden for helpful discussions pertaining to clay mineralogy and BET surface area measurements. Lastly, the authors thank S. Lecce, J. Levy, and two anonymous reviewers for substantial comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 281 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.12.016 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EL3YO UT WOS:000394556800002 ER PT J AU Marion, JL Wimpey, J AF Marion, Jeffrey L. Wimpey, Jeremy TI Assessing the influence of sustainable trail design and maintenance on soil loss SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Recreation impact; Trail impact; Trail erosion; Sustainable trail design; Trail maintenance ID FOREST ROADS; IMPACTS; EROSION; DEGRADATION; MOTORCYCLES; WILDERNESS; MANAGEMENT; HIKERS; MODELS; HORSES AB Natural-surfaced trail systems are an important infrastructure component providing a means for accessing remote protected natural area destinations. The condition and usability of trails is a critical concern of land managers charged with providing recreational access while preserving natural conditions, and to visitors seeking high quality recreational opportunities and experiences. While an adequate number of trail management publications provide prescriptive guidance for designing, constructing, and maintaining natural-surfaced trails, surprisingly little research has been directed at providing a scientific basis for this guidance. Results from a review of the literature and three scientific studies are presented to model and clarify the influence of factors that substantially influence trail soil loss and that can be manipulated by trail professionals to sustain high traffic while minimizing soil loss over time. Key factors include trail grade, slope alignment angle, tread drainage features, and the amount of rock in tread substrates. A new Trail Sustainability Rating is developed and offered as a tool for evaluating or improving the sustainability of existing or new trails. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marion, Jeffrey L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, 310 W Campus Dr,304f Cheatham, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wimpey, Jeremy] Appl Trails Res, Jeremy Wimpey, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, 310 W Campus Dr,304f Cheatham, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Forest Service FX The authors would like to thank the National Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service for sponsoring the research reported in this paper. We also acknowledge the assistance our several additional colleagues involved in these studies, including Mike Aust, Kevin Kyle, Nate Olive, and Logan Park. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 189 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.074 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI8SM UT WOS:000392778000006 PM 28006733 ER PT J AU Rutherford, WA Painter, TH Ferrenberg, S Belnap, J Okin, GS Flagg, C Reed, SC AF Rutherford, William A. Painter, Thomas H. Ferrenberg, Scott Belnap, Jayne Okin, Gregory S. Flagg, Cody Reed, Sasha C. TI Albedo feedbacks to future climate via climate change impacts on dryland biocrusts SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; MINERAL-DUST AEROSOLS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON-CYCLE; COVER; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; NITROGEN AB Drylands represent the planet's largest terrestrial biome and evidence suggests these landscapes have large potential for creating feedbacks to future climate. Recent studies also indicate that dryland ecosystems are responding markedly to climate change. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts). soil surface communities of lichens, mosses, and/or cyanobacteria. comprise up to 70% of dryland cover and help govern fundamental ecosystem functions, including soil stabilization and carbon uptake. Drylands are expected to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation regimes, and such alterations may impact biocrust communities by promoting rapid mortality of foundational species. In turn, biocrust community shifts affect land surface cover and roughness-changes that can dramatically alter albedo. We tested this hypothesis in a full-factorial warming (+ 4 degrees C above ambient) and altered precipitation (increased frequency of 1.2 mm monsoon-type watering events) experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We quantified changes in shortwave albedo via multi-angle, solar-reflectance measurements. Warming and watering treatments each led to large increases in albedo (> 30%). This increase was driven by biophysical factors related to treatment effects on cyanobacteria cover and soil surface roughness following treatment-induced moss and lichen mortality. A rise in dryland surface albedo may represent a previously unidentified feedback to future climate. C1 [Rutherford, William A.; Ferrenberg, Scott; Belnap, Jayne; Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Flagg, Cody] NEON, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Rutherford, William A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rutherford, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.; Rutherford, WA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM arutherford@email.arizona.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DESC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Youth and Education in Science (YES); USGS Ecosystems Mission Area,; National Science Foundation [EAR-1148334] FX We would like to thank McKenzie Skiles and the numerous technicians who aided in data collection. We would also like to thank the editor, as well as, the two anonymous reviewers and Dr. William K. Smith who aided in improving this manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program (DESC-0008168), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Youth and Education in Science (YES) program and the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, and by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1148334). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 44188 DI 10.1038/srep44188 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN7MK UT WOS:000396186700001 PM 28281687 ER PT J AU Johnson, MJ Hatten, JR Holmes, JA Shafroth, PB AF Johnson, Matthew J. Hatten, James R. Holmes, Jennifer A. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Identifying western yellow-billed cuckoo breeding habitat with a dual modelling approach SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Yellow-billed cuckoo; Habitat suitability models; Riparian conservation; NDVI; Logistic regression; lower Colorado River ID SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW FLYCATCHER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DRYLAND RIVER; BIRDS; SCALE; SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM; ACCURACY; TAMARISK AB The western population of the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) was recently listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Yellow-billed cuckoo conservation efforts require the identification of features and area requirements associated with high quality, riparian forest habitat at spatial scales that range from nest microhabitat to landscape, as well as lower-suitability areas that can be enhanced or restored. Spatially explicit models inform conservation efforts by increasing ecological understanding of a target species, especially at landscape scales. Previous yellow-billed cuckoo modelling efforts derived plant-community maps from aerial photography, an expensive and oftentimes inconsistent approach. Satellite models can remotely map vegetation features (e.g., vegetation density, heterogeneity in vegetation density or structure) across large areas with near perfect repeatability, but they usually cannot identify plant communities. We used aerial photos and satellite imagery, and a hierarchical spatial scale approach, to identify yellow-billed cuckoo breeding habitat along the Lower Colorado River and its tributaries. Aerial-photo and satellite models identified several key features associated with yellow-billed cuckoo breeding locations: (1) a 4.5 ha core area of dense cottonwood-willow vegetation, (2) a large native, heterogeneously dense forest (72 ha) around the core area, and (3) moderately rough topography. The odds of yellow-billed cuckoo occurrence decreased rapidly as the amount of tamarisk cover increased or when cottonwood-willow vegetation was limited. We achieved model accuracies of 75-80% in the project area the following year after updating the imagery and location data. The two model types had very similar probability maps, largely predicting the same areas as high quality habitat. While each model provided unique information, a dual-modelling approach provided a more complete picture of yellow-billed cuckoo habitat requirements and will be useful for management and conservation activities. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Matthew J.; Holmes, Jennifer A.] No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hatten, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Johnson, MJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Matthew.Johnson@nau.edu; jhatten@usgs.gov; Jennifer.Holmes@nau.edu; shafrothp@usgs.gov FU LCR MSCP program, USDI Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors wish to thank: the field crews that conducted yellow-billed cuckoo surveys, in particular Christopher Calvo who also supervised the field work; USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, and Northern Arizona University for institutional support; Terry Arundel from USGS Southwest Biological Science Center for assisting with GIS data preparation; Teresa Olsen from Bureau of Reclamation for comments on an earlier draft. This work was funded by the LCR MSCP program, USDI Bureau of Reclamation. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments that greatly improved this paper. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 347 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.010 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8SE UT WOS:000394193800005 ER PT J AU Valle, D Cvetojevic, S Robertson, EP Reichert, BE Hochmair, HH Fletcher, RJ AF Valle, Denis Cvetojevic, Sreten Robertson, Ellen P. Reichert, Brian E. Hochmair, Hartwig H. Fletcher, Robert J. TI Individual Movement Strategies Revealed through Novel Clustering of Emergent Movement Patterns SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MOBILITY PATTERNS; NETWORKS; MODELS; CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPES; MALARIA AB Understanding movement is critical in several disciplines but analysis methods often neglect key information by adopting each location as sampling unit, rather than each individual. We introduce a novel statistical method that, by focusing on individuals, enables better identification of temporal dynamics of connectivity, traits of individuals that explain emergent movement patterns, and sites that play a critical role in connecting subpopulations. We apply this method to two examples that span movement networks that vary considerably in size and questions: movements of an endangered raptor, the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus), and human movement in Florida inferred from Twitter. For snail kites, our method reveals substantial differences in movement strategies for different bird cohorts and temporal changes in connectivity driven by the invasion of an exotic food resource, illustrating the challenge of identifying critical connectivity sites for conservation in the presence of global change. For human movement, our method is able to reliably determine the origin of Florida visitors and identify distinct movement patterns within Florida for visitors from different places, providing near real-time information on the spatial and temporal patterns of tourists. These results emphasize the need to integrate individual variation to generate new insights when modeling movement data. C1 [Valle, Denis; Cvetojevic, Sreten; Hochmair, Hartwig H.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Robertson, Ellen P.; Fletcher, Robert J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Reichert, Brian E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Valle, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM drvalle@ufl.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 44052 DI 10.1038/srep44052 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN1KB UT WOS:000395767800001 PM 28272429 ER PT J AU Patterson, LA Konschnik, KE Wiseman, H Fargione, J Maloney, KO Kiesecker, J Nicot, JP Baruch-Mordo, S Entrekin, S Trainor, A Saiers, JE AF Patterson, Lauren A. Konschnik, Katherine E. Wiseman, Hannah Fargione, Joseph Maloney, Kelly O. Kiesecker, Joseph Nicot, Jean-Philippe Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Entrekin, Sally Trainor, Anne Saiers, James E. TI Unconventional Oil and Gas Spills: Risks, Mitigation Priorities, and State Reporting Requirements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS AB Rapid growth in unconventional oil and gas (UOG) has produced jobs, revenue, and energy, but also concerns over spills and environmental risks. We assessed spill data from 2005 to 2014 at 31 481 UOG wells in Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania. We found 2-16% of wells reported a spill each year. Median spill volumes ranged from 0.5 m(3) in Pennsylvania to 4.9 m(3) in New Mexico; the largest spills exceeded 100 m(3). Seventy-five to 94% of spills occurred within the first three years of well life when wells were drilled, completed, and had their largest production volumes. Across all four states, 50% of spills were related to storage and moving fluids via flowlines. Reporting rates varied by state, affecting spill rates and requiring extensive time and effort getting data into a usable format. Enhanced and standardized regulatory requirements for reporting spills could improve the accuracy and speed of analyses to identify and prevent spill risks and mitigate potential environmental damage. Transparency for data sharing and analysis will be increasingly important as UOG development expands. We designed an interactive spills data visualization tool (http://snappartnership.net/groups/hydraulic-fracturing/webapp/spills. html) to illustrate the value of having standardized, public data. C1 [Patterson, Lauren A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2111 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Konschnik, Katherine E.] Harvard Law Sch, Environm Policy Initiat, 4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wiseman, Hannah] Florida State Univ, Coll Law, 424 W Jefferson St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Fargione, Joseph] Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Pkwy,Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearnevsville, WV 25430 USA. [Kiesecker, Joseph; Baruch-Mordo, Sharon] Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E Mt Ave,Suite 201, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Nicot, Jean-Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Entrekin, Sally] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Trainor, Anne] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, African Program, Nat Conservancy, 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Saiers, James E.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Patterson, LA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2111 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lauren.patterson@duke.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank the editors, three anonymous reviewers, and USGS reviewers for their comments; greatly improving the manuscript. This work resulted from the SNAPP: Science for Nature and People Partnership Impacts of hydraulic fracturing on water quantity and quality Working Group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. J.P.N. also thanks the database provider IHS (http://www.ihs.com) for access to the Enerdeq database. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2563 EP 2573 DI 10.1021/acs.est6b05749 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN4FQ UT WOS:000395963800011 PM 28220696 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Cain, DJ Fuller, CC AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Cain, Daniel J. Fuller, Christopher C. TI Assessing the Dietary Bioavailability of Metals Associated with Natural Particles: Extending the Use of the Reverse Labeling Approach to Zinc SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS; TRACE-METALS; ASSIMILATION; SEDIMENTS; AVAILABILITY; PARTICULATE; EXTRACTION; BIVALVE; MUSSELS; CLAMS AB We extend the use of a novel tracing technique to quantify the bioavailability of zinc (Zn) associated with natural particles using snails enriched with a less common Zn stable isotope. Lymnaea stagnalis is a model species that has relatively fast Zn uptake rates from the dissolved phase, enabling their rapid enrichment in Zn-67 during the initial phase of labeling. Isotopically enriched snails were subsequently exposed to algae mixed with increasing amounts of metal-rich particles collected from two acid mine drainage impacted rivers. Zinc bioavailability from the natural particles was inferred from calculations of Zn-66 assimilation into the snail's soft tissues. Zinc assimilation efficiency (AE) varied from 28% for the Animas River particles to 45% for the Snake River particles, indicating that particle-bound, or sorbed Zn, was bioavailable from acid mine drainage wastes. The relative binding strength of Zn sorption to the natural particles was inversely related to Zn bioavailability; a finding that would not have been possible without using the reverse labeling approach. Differences in the chemical composition of the particles suggest that their geochemical properties may influence the extent of Zn bioavailability. C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Cain, Daniel J.; Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the National Research Program and the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to Kate Campbell for XRD measurements of dried materials. David Barasch performed some of the ICP-MS analyses. Comments by Samuel Luoma and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2803 EP 2810 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b06253 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN4FQ UT WOS:000395963800038 PM 28187251 ER PT J AU Bartsch, MR Bartsch, LA Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Lafrancois, BM AF Bartsch, Michelle R. Bartsch, Lynn A. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jon M. Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska TI Effects of food resources on the fatty acid composition, growth and survival of freshwater mussels SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ST-CROIX RIVER; BIOCHEMICAL TRACERS; VILLOSA-IRIS; UNIONIDAE; SEDIMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIVALVES; DIETS; USA; CYANOBACTERIA AB Increased nutrient and sediment loading in rivers have caused observable changes in algal community composition, and thereby, altered the quality and quantity of food resources available to native freshwater mussels. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between nutrient conditions and mussel food quality and examine the effects on fatty acid composition, growth and survival of juvenile mussels. Juvenile Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea were deployed in cages for 28 d at four riverine and four lacustrine sites in the lower St. Croix River, Minnesota/Wisconsin, USA. Mussel foot tissue and food resources (four seston fractions and surficial sediment) were analyzed for quantitative fatty acid (FA) composition. Green algae were abundant in riverine sites, whereas cyanobacteria were most abundant in the lacustrine sites. Mussel survival was high (95%) for both species. Lampsilis cardium exhibited lower growth relative to L. siliquoidea (p < 0.0001), but growth of L. cardium was not significantly different across sites (p = 0.13). In contrast, growth of L. siliquoidea was significantly greater at the most upstream riverine site compared to the lower three lacustrine sites (p = 0.002). In situ growth of Lampsilis siliquoidea was positively related to volatile solids (10 - 32 mu m fraction), total phosphorus (<10 and 10 - 32 mu m fractions), and select FA in the seston (docosapentaeonic acid, DPA, 22:5n3; 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic, 22:5n6; arachidonic acid, ARA, 20: 4n6; and 24: 0 in the <10 and 10 - 32 mu m fractions). Our laboratory feeding experiment also indicated high accumulation ratios for 22:5n3, 22:5n6, and 20:4n6 in mussel tissue relative to supplied algal diet. In contrast, growth of L. siliquiodea was negatively related to nearly all FAs in the largest size fraction (i.e., >63 mu m) of seston, including the bacterial FAs, and several of the FAs associated with sediments. Reduced mussel growth was observed in L. siliquoidea when the abundance of cyanobacteria exceeded 9% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Areas dominated by cyanobacteria may not provide sufficient food quality to promote or sustain mussel growth. C1 [Bartsch, Michelle R.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jon M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Lafrancois, Brenda Moraska] Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, WI USA. RP Bartsch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM mbartsch@usgs.gov FU US National Park Service through Park-Oriented Biological Support (POBS); USGS SIR Cyclical Funds, Basis+ [3210BG4, 47] FX This research was supported in part by the US National Park Service, through Park-Oriented Biological Support (POBS), USGS SIR Cyclical Funds, Basis+ number 3210BG4, Task 47. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0173419 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173419 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN5QM UT WOS:000396060600030 ER PT J AU Scott, C Slack, JF Kelley, KD AF Scott, Clint Slack, John F. Kelley, Karen D. TI The hyper-enrichment of V and Zn in black shales of the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (USA) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black shales; Trace metals; Euxinia; Molybdenum; Vanadium; Zinc ID DARK-SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; ORGANIC-MATTER; WILLISTON BASIN; TRACE-METALS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA; APPALACHIAN BASIN; FACIES GRADIENTS; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; PYRITE FORMATION AB Black shales of the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Bakken Formation are characterized by high concentrations of organic carbon and the hyper-enrichment (> 500 to 1000s of mg/kg) of V and Zn. Deposition of black shales resulted from shallow seafloor depths that promoted rapid development of euxinic conditions. Vanadium hyper-enrichments, which are unknown in modern environments, are likely the result of very high levels of dissolved H2S (similar to 10mM) in bottom waters or sediments. Because modern hyper-enrichments of Zn are documented only in Framvaren Fjord (Norway), it is likely that the biogeochemical trigger responsible for Zn hyper-enrichment in Framvaren Fjord was also present in the Bakken basin. With Framvaren Fjord as an analogue, we propose a causal link between the activity of phototrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, related to the development of photic-zone euxinia, and the hyper-enrichment of Zn in black shales of the Bakken Formation. C1 [Scott, Clint] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kelley, Karen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Scott, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM clintonscott@usgs.gov FU USGS FX We thank Erik Sperling, Rich Wanty, and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful comments to an early version of this paper. Craig Johnson assisted in sampling of drill cores, Jens Skei offered valuable insight into geochemistry of Framvaren Fjord, and Annie Scott provided helpful discussions. This research was funded by the USGS Mineral and Environmental Resources and Energy Resources Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 5 PY 2017 VL 452 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.026 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5JT UT WOS:000396729900003 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Goraichuk, IV Hicks, JT Dimitrov, KM Poulson, RL Stallknecht, DE Bahl, J Afonso, CL AF Ramey, Andrew M. Goraichuk, Iryna V. Hicks, Joseph T. Dimitrov, Kiril M. Poulson, Rebecca L. Stallknecht, David E. Bahl, Justin Afonso, Claudio L. TI Assessment of contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 in wild birds sampled in North America SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1; APMV-1; Exchange; Genetic diversity; Migratory bird; Newcastle disease; Order; Region; Taxa; Wild bird ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POULTRY; MARKETS; IDENTIFICATION; SHOREBIRDS; SEQUENCE; PIGEONS AB Background: Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) viruses are globally distributed, infect wild, peridomestic, and domestic birds, and sometimes lead to outbreaks of disease. Thus, the maintenance, evolution, and spread of APMV-1 viruses are relevant to avian health. Methods: In this study we sequenced the fusion gene from 58 APMV-1 isolates recovered from thirteen species of wild birds sampled throughout the USA during 2007-2014. We analyzed sequence information with previously reported data in order to assess contemporary genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region exchange of APMV-1 in wild birds sampled in North America. Results: Our results suggest that wild birds maintain previously undescribed genetic diversity of APMV-1; however, such diversity is unlikely to be pathogenic to domestic poultry. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that APMV-1 diversity detected in wild birds of North America has been found in birds belonging to numerous taxonomic host orders and within hosts inhabiting multiple geographic regions suggesting some level of viral exchange. However, our results also provide statistical support for associations between phylogenetic tree topology and host taxonomic order/region of sample origin which supports restricted exchange among taxa and geographical regions of North America for some APMV-1 sub-genotypes. Conclusions: We identify previously unrecognized genetic diversity of APMV-1 in wild birds in North America which is likely a function of continued viral evolution in reservoir hosts. We did not, however, find support for the emergence or maintenance of APMV-1 strains predicted to be pathogenic to poultry in wild birds of North America outside of the order Suliformes (i.e., cormorants). Furthermore, genetic evidence suggests that ecological drivers or other mechanisms may restrict viral exchange among taxa and regions of North America. Additional and more systematic sampling for APMV-1 in North America would likely provide further inference on viral dynamics for this infectious agent in wild bird populations. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Goraichuk, Iryna V.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hicks, Joseph T.; Bahl, Justin] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [604032000-072]; U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area FX This project was funded, in part, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System (604032000-072) and by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD MAR 3 PY 2017 VL 14 AR 43 DI 10.1186/s12985-017-0714-8 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EN4QL UT WOS:000395991900001 PM 28253898 ER PT J AU Dodd, MS Papineau, D Grenne, T Slack, JF Rittner, M Pirajno, F O'Neil, J Little, CTS AF Dodd, Matthew S. Papineau, Dominic Grenne, Tor Slack, John F. Rittner, Martin Pirajno, Franco O'Neil, Jonathan Little, Crispin T. S. TI Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NUVVUAGITTUQ SUPRACRUSTAL BELT; CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY PROTOLITHS; PB ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; BANDED IRON FORMATIONS; GREENSTONE-BELT; QUEBEC CANADA; MICROFOSSILS; GRAPHITE; TEXTURES; ORIGIN AB Although it is not known when or where life on Earth began, some of the earliest habitable environments may have been submarine-hydrothermal vents. Here we describe putative fossilized microorganisms that are at least 3,770 million and possibly 4,280 million years old in ferruginous sedimentary rocks, interpreted as seafloor-hydrothermal vent-related precipitates, from the Nuvvuagittuq belt in Quebec, Canada. These structures occur as micrometre-scale haematite tubes and filaments with morphologies and mineral assemblages similar to those of filamentous microorganisms from modern hydrothermal vent precipitates and analogous microfossils in younger rocks. The Nuvvuagittuq rocks contain isotopically light carbon in carbonate and carbonaceous material, which occurs as graphitic inclusions in diagenetic carbonate rosettes, apatite blades intergrown among carbonate rosettes and magnetite-haematite granules, and is associated with carbonate in direct contact with the putative microfossils. Collectively, these observations are consistent with an oxidized biomass and provide evidence for biological activity in submarine-hydrothermal environments more than 3,770 million years ago. C1 [Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic] London Ctr Nanotechnol, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Rittner, Martin] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Grenne, Tor] Geol Survey Norway, Leiv Eirikssons Vei 39, N-7040 Trondheim, Norway. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pirajno, Franco] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [O'Neil, Jonathan] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Little, Crispin T. S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Papineau, D (reprint author), London Ctr Nanotechnol, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, England.; Papineau, D (reprint author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM d.papineau@ucl.ac.uk FU UCL; LCN; DTG from EPSRC, UK; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA04CC09A]; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Carnegie of Canada FX M.S.D. and D.P. acknowledge support from UCL and the LCN, and a DTG from EPSRC, UK. D.P. also thanks the NASA Astrobiology Institute (grant no. NNA04CC09A), the Carnegie Institution of Washington and Carnegie of Canada for funding, and the Geological Survey of Western Australia for access and support in the core library. We thank the municipality of Inukjuak, Quebec, and the Pituvik Landholding Corporation for permission to work on their territory; M. Carroll for logistical support; J. Davy and A. Beard for assistance with sample preparation and SEM and EPMA analyses; S. Huo for help with FIB nano-fabrication; G. and Y. Shields-Zhou and P. Pogge Von Strandmann for comments on the manuscript; and K. Konhauser for review. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 2 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7643 BP 60 EP + DI 10.1038/nature21377 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN0AA UT WOS:000395671500032 PM 28252057 ER PT J AU Cassidy, KA Mech, LD MacNulty, DR Stahler, DR Smith, DW AF Cassidy, Kira A. Mech, L. David MacNulty, Daniel R. Stahler, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. TI Sexually dimorphic aggression indicates male gray wolves specialize in pack defense against conspecific groups SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Canis lupus; Conflict; Fighting; Individual variation; Intraspecific strife; Mortality; Sexual dimorphism; Territoriality ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; INTERGROUP ENCOUNTERS; NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT; CROCUTA-CROCUTA; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; FEMALE AGGRESSION; MOUNTAIN GORILLAS; SPOTTED HYAENAS; STRESS-RESPONSE; VERVET MONKEYS AB Aggression directed at conspecific groups is common among gregarious, territorial species, and for some species such as gray wolves (Canis lupus) intraspecific strife is the leading cause of natural mortality. Each individual in a group likely has different measures of the costs and benefits associated with a group task, such as an aggressive attack on another group, which can alter motivation and behavior. We observed 292 inter-pack aggressive interactions in Yellowstone National Park between 1 April 1995 and 1 April 2011 (>5300 days of observation) in order to determine the role of both sexes, and the influence of pack, age, and other traits on aggression. We recorded the behaviors and characteristics of all individuals present during the interactions (n = 534 individuals) and which individuals participated in each step (i.e. chase, attack, kill, flight) of the interaction. Overall, all wolves were more likely to chase rivals if they outnumbered their opponent, suggesting packs accurately assess their opponent's size during encounters and individuals adjust their behavior based on relative pack size. Males were more likely than females to chase rival packs and gray-colored wolves were more aggressive than black-colored wolves. Male wolves and gray-colored wolves also recorded higher cortisol levels than females and black-colored wolves, indicating hormonal support for more intense aggressive behavior. Further, we found a positive correlation between male age and probability of chasing, while age-specific participation for females remained constant. Chasing behavior was influenced by the sex of lone intruders, with males more likely to chase male intruders. This difference in behavior suggests male and female wolves may have different strategies and motivations during inter-pack aggressive interactions related to gray wolf mating systems. A division of labor between pack members concerning resource and territory defense suggests selection for specific traits related to aggression is an adaptive response to intense competition between groups of conspecifics. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cassidy, Kira A.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resource Sci & Management, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cassidy, Kira A.; Stahler, Daniel R.; Smith, Douglas W.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Wolf Project, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711-37th St S-E, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [MacNulty, Daniel R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cassidy, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resource Sci & Management, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kira_cassidy@nps.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0613730, DEB-1245373, DEB-1021397] FX We thank Erin Stahler, Matt Metz, Rick McIntyre and numerous field technicians for their advice, guidance, and tireless work in data collection and logistics. This work would not be possible without the safe piloting of Roger Stradley from Gallatin Flying Service, Bob Hawkins from Hawkins and Powers, Inc. and Sky Aviation, Inc, and Mark Duffy from Central Copters, Inc. Mike Wilson and Glenn Del-Giudice provided valuable insight on early drafts of this manuscript. We also thank the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Lab and significant donors to the Yellowstone Wolf Project: Valerie Gates, Annie and Bob Graham, and Frank and Kay Yeager, as well as the U. S. National Park Service, and the U. S. Geological Survey, and National Science Foundation (DEB-0613730, DEB-1245373 and DEB-1021397). Any mention of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 EI 1872-8308 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD MAR PY 2017 VL 136 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.011 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA EN2MM UT WOS:000395844600010 PM 28143722 ER PT J AU Ilgen, AG Heath, JE Akkutlu, IY Bryndzia, LT Cole, DR Kharaka, YK Kneafsey, TJ Milliken, KL Pyrak-Nolte, LJ Suarez-Rivera, R AF Ilgen, Anastasia G. Heath, Jason E. Akkutlu, I. Yucel Bryndzia, L. Taras Cole, David R. Kharaka, Yousif K. Kneafsey, Timothy J. Milliken, Kitty L. Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J. Suarez-Rivera, Roberto TI Shales at all scales: Exploring coupled processes in mudrocks SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mudrock; Shale; Coupled processes; Hydraulic fracturing; Diagenesis; Spatial scale; Temporal scale; THCMB ID SHEAR FRACTURE COMPLIANCE; SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS-WELLS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID-FLOW; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; ISOTOPIC EVOLUTION AB Fine-grained sedimentary rocks - namely mudrocks, including their laminated fissile variety shales - make up about two thirds of all sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust and a quarter of the continental land mass. Organic rich shales and mudstones are the source rocks and reservoirs for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Mudrocks are relied upon as natural barriers for geological carbon storage and nuclear waste disposal. Consideration of mudrock multi-scale physics and multi-scale spatial and temporal behavior is vital to address emergent phenomena in shale formations perturbed by engineering activities. Unique physical characteristics of shales arise as a result of their layered and highly heterogeneous and anisotropic nature, low permeability fabric, compositional complexity, and nano-scale confined chemical environments. Barriers of lexicon among geoscientists and engineers impede the development and use of conceptual models for the coupled thermal hydraulic-mechanical-chemical-biological (THMCB) processes in mudrock formations. This manuscript reviews the THMCB process couplings, resulting emergent behavior, and key modeling approaches. We identify future research priorities, in particular fundamental knowledge gaps in understanding the phase behavior under nano scale confinement, coupled chemo-mechanical effects on fractures, the interplay between physical and chemical processes and their rates, and issues of non-linearity and heterogeneity. We develop recommendations for future research and integrating multi-disciplinary conceptual models for the coupled multi-scale multi-physics behavior of mudrocks. Consistent conceptual models across disciplines are essential for predicting emergent processes in the subsurface, such as self-focusing of flow, time-dependent deformation (creep), fracture network development, and wellbore stability. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilgen, Anastasia G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Heath, Jason E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Akkutlu, I. Yucel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Petr Engn, 3116 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bryndzia, L. Taras] Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Petrophys & Geornech, Integrated Geosci Res, Shell Technol Ctr Houston, R-1002B,3333 Highway 6 South, Houston, TX 77082 USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, 305 Mendenhall Lab,125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif K.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kneafsey, Timothy J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Hydrogeol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Milliken, Kitty L.] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Pyrak-Nolte, Laura J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Suarez-Rivera, Roberto] WD Von Gonten Labs LLC, 808 Travis,Suite 1200, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Ilgen, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agilgen@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Center for Frontiers in Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0001114]; Center for Nanoscale Controls on Geologic CO, (NCGC); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Geosdences Research Program [DE-FG02-09ER16022] FX This review article is an outgrowth of the "Shales at All Scales: Exploring Coupled Processes" workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 9-11, 2015. We thank the workshop attendees - scientists from academia, industry and national laboratories - who highlighted recent advances in shale science, and brainstormed research needs and approaches for the next level of advancement. The Workshop was sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank Susan Altman for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript, and the anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments on the submitted version. For AGI, work relevant to the chemical controls on fracture is supported as part of the Center for Frontiers in Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award # DE-SC0001114. For DRC, TJK, and LJPN work was supported as part of the Center for Nanoscale Controls on Geologic CO, (NCGC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-AC02-05CH11231. For LJPN, work related to wave propagation in fractured anisotropic media was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Geosdences Research Program under Award Number (DE-FG02-09ER16022). NR 185 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 166 BP 132 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.013 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO8XO UT WOS:000396974000007 ER PT J AU Hefley, TJ Broms, KM Brost, BM Buderman, FE Kay, SL Scharf, HR Tipton, JR Williams, PJ Hooten, MB AF Hefley, Trevor J. Broms, Kristin M. Brost, Brian M. Buderman, Frances E. Kay, Shannon L. Scharf, Henry R. Tipton, John R. Williams, Perry J. Hooten, Mevin B. TI The basis function approach for modeling autocorrelation in ecological data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; Bayesian model; collinearity; dimension reduction; semiparametric regression; spatial statistics; time series ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; MOMENT EQUATIONS; BAYESIAN MODEL; PATTERN; SPLINES; POPULATION; SELECTION; MOVEMENT AB Analyzing ecological data often requires modeling the autocorrelation created by spatial and temporal processes. Many seemingly disparate statistical methods used to account for autocorrelation can be expressed as regression models that include basis functions. Basis functions also enable ecologists to modify a wide range of existing ecological models in order to account for autocorrelation, which can improve inference and predictive accuracy. Furthermore, understanding the properties of basis functions is essential for evaluating the fit of spatial or time-series models, detecting a hidden form of collinearity, and analyzing large data sets. We present important concepts and properties related to basis functions and illustrate several tools and techniques ecologists can use when modeling autocorrelation in ecological data. C1 [Hefley, Trevor J.; Broms, Kristin M.; Brost, Brian M.; Williams, Perry J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.; Kay, Shannon L.; Scharf, Henry R.; Tipton, John R.; Williams, Perry J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM thefley@ksu.edu FU USGS [G14AC00366]; NSF DMS [1614392.] FX We thank Paul Conn, Evan Cooch, Perry de Valpine, Devin Johnson, Maxwell Joseph, Jay Ver Hoef, Hadley Wickham, and four anonymous reviewers for valuable insight and early discussions about this work. The authors acknowledge support for this research from USGS G14AC00366 and NSF DMS 1614392. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 98 IS 3 BP 632 EP 646 DI 10.1002/ecy.1674 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2FB UT WOS:000395824000005 PM 27935640 ER PT J AU Pacifici, K Reich, BJ Miller, DAW Gardner, B Stauffer, G Singh, S McKerrow, A Collazo, JA AF Pacifici, Krishna Reich, Brian J. Miller, David A. W. Gardner, Beth Stauffer, Glenn Singh, Susheela McKerrow, Alexa Collazo, Jaime A. TI Integrating multiple data sources in species distribution modeling: a framework for data fusion SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brown-headed nuthatch; data fusion; multivariate conditional autoregressive; species distribution modeling ID PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; REPLICATED COUNTS; POPULATION-SIZE; CITIZEN SCIENCE; MIXTURE-MODELS; ABUNDANCE; MAXENT; ERRORS AB The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of species distribution models (SDMs) to characterize patterns of species' occurrence and abundance. Efforts to -parameterize SDMs often create a tension between the quality and quantity of data available to fit models. Estimation methods that integrate both standardized and non-standardized data types offer a potential solution to the tradeoff between data quality and quantity. Recently several authors have developed approaches for jointly modeling two sources of data (one of high quality and one of lesser quality). We extend their work by allowing for explicit spatial autocorrelation in occurrence and detection error using a Multivariate Conditional Autoregressive (MVCAR) model and develop three models that share information in a less direct manner resulting in more robust performance when the auxiliary data is of lesser quality. We describe these three new approaches ("Shared,""Correlation,""Covariates") for combining data sources and show their use in a case study of the Brown-headed Nuthatch in the Southeastern U. S. and through simulations. All three of the approaches which used the second data source improved out-of-sample predictions relative to a single data source ("Single"). When information in the second data source is of high quality, the Shared model performs the best, but the Correlation and Covariates model also perform well. When the information quality in the second data source is of lesser quality, the Correlation and Covariates model performed better suggesting they are robust alternatives when little is known about auxiliary data collected opportunistically or through citizen scientists. Methods that allow for both data types to be used will maximize the useful information available for estimating species distributions. C1 [Pacifici, Krishna] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Program Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reich, Brian J.; Singh, Susheela] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Miller, David A. W.; Stauffer, Glenn] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gardner, Beth] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKerrow, Alexa] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pacifici, K (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Program Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jkpacifi@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey through North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Research Work [215] FX We would like to acknowledge SAMSI for organizing a session on Mathematical/Statistical Ecology. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey through North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Research Work Order 215. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 98 IS 3 BP 840 EP 850 DI 10.1002/ecy.1710 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2FB UT WOS:000395824000024 PM 28027588 ER PT J AU Gibb, H Dunn, RR Sanders, NJ Grossman, BF Photakis, M Abril, S Agosti, D Andersen, AN Angulo, E Armbrecht, I Arnan, X Baccaro, FB Bishop, TR Boulay, R Bruhl, C Castracani, C Cerda, X Del Toro, I Delsinne, T Diaz, M Donoso, DA Ellison, AM Enriquez, ML Fayle, TM Feener, DH Fisher, BL Fisher, RN Fitzpatrick, MC Gomez, C Gotelli, NJ Gove, A Grasso, DA Groc, S Guenard, B Gunawardene, N Heterick, B Hoffmann, B Janda, M Jenkins, C Kaspari, M Klimes, P Lach, L Laeger, T Lattke, J Leponce, M Lessard, JP Longino, J Lucky, A Luke, SH Majer, J McGlynn, TP Menke, S Mezger, D Mori, A Moses, J Munyai, TC Pacheco, R Paknia, O Pearce-Duvet, J Pfeiffer, M Philpott, SM Resasco, J Retana, J Silva, RR Sorger, MD Souza, J Suarez, A Tista, M Vasconcelos, HL Vonshak, M Weiser, MD Yates, M Parr, CL AF Gibb, Heloise Dunn, Rob R. Sanders, Nathan J. Grossman, Blair F. Photakis, Manoli Abril, Silvia Agosti, Donat Andersen, Alan N. Angulo, Elena Armbrecht, Inge Arnan, Xavier Baccaro, Fabricio B. Bishop, Tom R. Boulay, Raphael Bruehl, Carsten Castracani, Cristina Cerda, Xim Del Toro, Israel Delsinne, Thibaut Diaz, Mireia Donoso, David A. Ellison, Aaron M. Enriquez, Martha L. Fayle, Tom M. Feener, Donald H., Jr. Fisher, Brian L. Fisher, Robert N. Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. Gomez, Crisanto Gotelli, Nicholas J. Gove, Aaron Grasso, Donato A. Groc, Sarah Guenard, Benoit Gunawardene, Nihara Heterick, Brian Hoffmann, Benjamin Janda, Milan Jenkins, Clinton Kaspari, Michael Klimes, Petr Lach, Lori Laeger, Thomas Lattke, John Leponce, Maurice Lessard, Jean-Philippe Longino, John Lucky, Andrea Luke, Sarah H. Majer, Jonathan McGlynn, Terrence P. Menke, Sean Mezger, Dirk Mori, Alessandra Moses, Jimmy Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell Pacheco, Renata Paknia, Omid Pearce-Duvet, Jessica Pfeiffer, Martin Philpott, Stacy M. Resasco, Julian Retana, Javier Silva, Rogerio R. Sorger, Magdalena D. Souza, Jorge Suarez, Andrew Tista, Melanie Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. Vonshak, Merav Weiser, Michael D. Yates, Michelle Parr, Catherine L. TI A global database of ant species abundances SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; ants; database; disturbance; Formicidae; geo-referenced; habitat; local assemblage; ccurrence; pitfall trap; Winkler trap AB What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo-referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a -variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large-scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set. C1 [Gibb, Heloise; Grossman, Blair F.; Photakis, Manoli] La Trobe Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Evolut, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. [Dunn, Rob R.; Sorger, Magdalena D.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dunn, Rob R.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Del Toro, Israel] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Abril, Silvia; Diaz, Mireia; Enriquez, Martha L.; Gomez, Crisanto] Univ Girona, Dept Environm Sci, Montilivi Campus S-N, Girona 17071, Spain. [Agosti, Donat] Naturhistor Museum Bern, Bernastr 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. [Andersen, Alan N.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Trop Ecosyst Res Ctr, PMB 44, Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia. [Angulo, Elena; Cerda, Xim] Estac Biol Donana, Dept Etol Conservac & Biodiversidad, Ave Americo Vespucio S-N Isla Cartuja, Seville 41092, Spain. [Armbrecht, Inge] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Natur & Exactas, Cali, Colombia. [Arnan, Xavier] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Bot, Avenida Prof Moraes Rego S,Cidade Univ, Recife, Brazil. [Baccaro, Fabricio B.] Univ Fed Amazonas UFAM, Dept Biol, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bishop, Tom R.; Parr, Catherine L.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Ocean & Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. [Bishop, Tom R.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Boulay, Raphael] Terr Univ, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, Dept Amenagement, Francois Rabelais Tours, F-37200 Tours, France. [Bruehl, Carsten] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Fortstr 7, D-76829 Landau Der Pfalz, Germany. [Castracani, Cristina; Grasso, Donato A.; Mori, Alessandra] Univ Parma, Dept Life Sci, Parco Area Sci 11-A, I-43124 Parma, Italy. [Delsinne, Thibaut] Soc His Nat Alcide Orbigny, 57 Rue Gergovie, F-63170 Aubiere, France. [Donoso, David A.] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Ciencias Biol, Ave Ladron Guevara, E-11253 Quito, Ecuador. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol & Environm Conservat, Morrill Sci Ctr, Holdsworth Hall,611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ellison, Aaron M.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Arts Business & Law, Trop Forests & People Res Ctr, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia. [Fayle, Tom M.; Klimes, Petr; Moses, Jimmy] Univ South Bohemia, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Ctr Biol, Inst Entomol, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Fayle, Tom M.; Klimes, Petr] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Fayle, Tom M.] Imperial Coll London, Forest Ecol & Conservat Grp, Silwood Pk Campus,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Feener, Donald H., Jr.; Longino, John; Pearce-Duvet, Jessica] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fisher, Brian L.] Calif Acad Sci, Entomol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Gove, Aaron] Astron Environm Serv, Perth, WA, Australia. [Gove, Aaron; Gunawardene, Nihara; Heterick, Brian; Majer, Jonathan] Curtin Univ, Agr Environm Dept, G POB U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Groc, Sarah; Pacheco, Renata; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, Rua Ceara, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Guenard, Benoit] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Janda, Milan] Univ Guanajuato, Dept Biol, Noria Alta Sn, Guanajuato, Mexico. [Jenkins, Clinton] IPE, Nazare Paulista, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kaspari, Michael; Weiser, Michael D.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, 730 Van Vleet Oval,Room 314, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Klimes, Petr; Moses, Jimmy] New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, POB 604, Madang, Papua N Guinea. [Lach, Lori] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Biol & Climate Change, POB 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. [Laeger, Thomas] Univ Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Lattke, John] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, Caixa Postal 19020, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Leponce, Maurice] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Sect Biol Evaluat, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Lessard, Jean-Philippe] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B IR6, Canada. [Lucky, Andrea] Univ Florida, Entomol & Nematol Dept, 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Luke, Sarah H.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Luke, Sarah H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Majer, Jonathan] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [McGlynn, Terrence P.] Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Dominguez Hills,1000 East Victoria St, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [McGlynn, Terrence P.] Nat Hist Museum Angeles Cty, Dept Entomol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Menke, Sean] Lake Forest Coll, Dept Biol, 555 North Sheridan Rd, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. [Mezger, Dirk] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Div Insects, Moreau Lab, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Coll Agr Engn & Sci, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Paknia, Omid] TiHo Hannover, Inst Anim Ecol & Cell Biol, Bunteweg 17d, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. [Pfeiffer, Martin] Natl Univ Mongolia, Dept Ecol, Baga Toiruu 47,POB 377, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongol Peo Rep. [Philpott, Stacy M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Environm Studies Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Resasco, Julian] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, UCB 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Retana, Javier] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Silva, Rogerio R.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenacao Ciencias Terra Ecol, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Souza, Jorge] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Coordenacao Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Suarez, Andrew] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tista, Melanie] Univ Vienna, Dept Trop Ecol & Anim Biodivers, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Vonshak, Merav] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yates, Michelle] Univ New England, Ctr Behav & Physiol Ecol Zool, Armidale, NSW, Australia. RP Gibb, H (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Evolut, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. EM h.gibb@latrobe.edu.au RI Grasso, Donato/I-4505-2012; Bishop, Tom/G-3213-2014 OI Bishop, Tom/0000-0001-7061-556X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 98 IS 3 BP 883 EP 884 DI 10.1002/ecy.1682 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2FB UT WOS:000395824000029 PM 27984661 ER PT J AU Reese, GC Skagen, SK AF Reese, Gordon C. Skagen, Susan K. TI Modeling nonbreeding distributions of shorebirds and waterfowl in response to climate change SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE climate change; conservation design; migratory shorebirds; species distribution models; wintering waterfowl ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; WETLAND BIRD HABITAT; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; PLAYA WETLANDS; GREAT-PLAINS; BROAD-SCALE; MIGRATION STOPOVERS; SPRING MIGRATION; AVIAN MIGRATION AB To identify areas on the landscape that may contribute to a robust network of conservation areas, we modeled the probabilities of occurrence of several en route migratory shorebirds and wintering waterfowl in the southern Great Plains of North America, including responses to changing climate. We predominantly used data from the eBird citizen-science project to model probabilities of occurrence relative to land-use patterns, spatial distribution of wetlands, and climate. We projected models to potential future climate conditions using five representative general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). We used Random Forests to model probabilities of occurrence and compared the time periods 1981-2010 (hindcast) and 2041-2070 (forecast) in "model space." Projected changes in shorebird probabilities of occurrence varied with species-specific general distribution pattern, migration distance, and spatial extent. Species using the western and northern portion of the study area exhibited the greatest likelihoods of decline, whereas species with more easterly occurrences, mostly long-distance migrants, had the greatest projected increases in probability of occurrence. At an ecoregional extent, differences in probabilities of shorebird occurrence ranged from -0.015 to 0.045 when averaged across climate models, with the largest increases occurring early in migration. Spatial shifts are predicted for several shorebird species. Probabilities of occurrence of wintering Mallards and Northern Pintail are predicted to increase by 0.046 and 0.061, respectively, with northward shifts projected for both species. When incorporated into partner land management decision tools, results at ecoregional extents can be used to identify wetland complexes with the greatest potential to support birds in the nonbreeding season under a wide range of future climate scenarios. C1 [Reese, Gordon C.; Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skagens@usgs.gov FU Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey FX Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1513 DI 10.1002/ece3.2755 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EM0MI UT WOS:000395012000017 PM 28261460 ER PT J AU Wood, CM McKinney, ST Loftin, CS AF Wood, Connor M. McKinney, Shawn T. Loftin, Cynthia S. TI Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Community ecology; functional diversity; small mammals; stability; stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; SMALL MAMMALS; RAIN-FOREST; POPULATIONS; DELTA-C-13; DIET; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB Common species are fundamental to the structure and function of their communities and may enhance community stability through intraspecific functional diversity (iFD). We measured among-habitat and within-habitat iFD (i.e., among- and within-plant community types) of two common small mammal species using stable isotopes and functional trait dendrograms, determined whether iFD was related to short-term population stability and small mammal community stability, and tested whether spatially explicit trait filters helped explain observed patterns of iFD. Southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) had greater iFD than deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), both among habitats, and within the plant community in which they were most abundant (their ''primary habitat''). Peromyscus maniculatus populations across habitats differed significantly between years and declined 78% in deciduous forests, their primary habitat, as did the overall deciduous forest small mammal community. Myodes gapperi populations were stable across habitats and within coniferous forest, their primary habitat, as was the coniferous forest small mammal community. Generalized linear models representing internal trait filters (e.g., competition), which increase within-habitat type iFD, best explained variation in M. gapperi diet, while models representing internal filters and external filters (e.g., climate), which suppress within-habitat iFD, best explained P.maniculatus diet. This supports the finding that M.gapperi had higher iFD than P.maniculatus and is consistent with the theory that internal trait filters are associated with higher iFD than external filters. Common species with high iFD can impart a stabilizing influence on their communities, information that can be important for conserving biodiversity under environmental change. C1 [Wood, Connor M.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [McKinney, Shawn T.; Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Wood, Connor M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wood, CM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; Wood, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cwood9@wisc.edu OI Wood, Connor/0000-0002-0235-5214 FU Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund [141-01-04]; MDIFW; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine Graduate Student Government FX Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, Grant/Award Number: 141-01-04; MDIFW through the Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine Graduate Student Government NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1553 EP 1560 DI 10.1002/ece3.2721 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EM0MI UT WOS:000395012000021 PM 28261464 ER PT J AU Waller, DL Bartsch, MR Fredricks, KT Bartsch, LA Schleis, SM Leez, SH AF Waller, Diane L. Bartsch, Michelle R. Fredricks, Kim T. Bartsch, Lynn A. Schleis, Susan M. Leez, Sheldon H. TI EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON JUVENILES OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSEL (LAMPSILIS SILIQUOIDEA [UNIONIDAE]) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mollusk toxicology; Freshwater toxicology; Unionid; Carbon dioxide; Benthic macroinvertebrate ID ACID-BASE STATUS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ANODONTA-ANATINA; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHRONIC TOXICITY; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; UNIO-TUMIDUS; EXPOSURE; BIVALVIA; SEDIMENT AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive Asian carp, but its effects on native freshwater biota have not been well studied. The authors evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) mussels to CO2 at levels (43-269 mg/L, mean concentration) that bracket concentrations effective for deterring carp movement. The 28-d lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels was 87.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 78.4-95.9) and at 16-d postexposure, 76.0 mg/L (95% CI 62.9-90.3). A proportional hazards regression model predicted that juveniles could not survive CO2 concentrations > 160 mg/L for more than 2 wk or > 100 mg/L CO2 for more than 30 d. Mean shell growth was significantly lower for mussels that survived CO2 treatments. Growth during the postexposure period did not differ among treatments, indicating recovery of the mussels. Also, CO2 caused shell pitting and erosion. Behavioral effects of CO2 included movement of mussels to the substrate surface and narcotization at the highest concentrations. Mussels in the 110 mg/L mean CO2 treatment had the most movements in the first 3 d of exposure. If CO2 is infused continuously as a fish deterrent, concentrations < 76 mg/L are recommended to prevent juvenile mussel mortality and shell damage. Mussels may survive and recover from brief exposure to higher concentrations. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Waller, Diane L.; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Schleis, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Leez, Sheldon H.] Viterbo Univ, Dept Math, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Waller, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM dwaller@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1002/etc.3567 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700026 PM 27466973 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Dummer, PM Goldberg, D Franson, JC Ericksony, RA AF Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Dummer, Paul M. Goldberg, Diana Franson, J. Christian Ericksony, Richard A. TI ORGANIC CONTAMINATION IN TREE SWALLOW (TACHYCINETA BICOLOR) NESTLINGS AT UNITED STATES AND BINATIONAL GREAT LAKES AREAS OF CONCERN SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tree swallow; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Perfluorinated compound ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HERRING GULL EGGS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; USA; EXPOSURE; RIVER AB Contaminant exposure of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, nesting in 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs) in the Great Lakes basin was assessed from 2010 to 2014 to assist managers and regulators in their assessments of Great Lakes AOCs. Contaminant concentrations in nestlings from AOCs were compared with those in nestlings from nearby non-AOC sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in tree swallow nestling carcasses at 30% and 33% of AOCs, respectively, were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in nestling stomach contents and perfluorinated compound concentrations in nestling plasma at 67% and 64% of AOCs, respectively, were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Concentrations of PCBs in nestling carcasses were elevated at some AOCs but modest compared with highly PCB-contaminated sites where reproductive effects have been documented. Concentrations of PAHs in diet were sufficiently elevated at some AOCs to elicit a measurable physiological response. Among AOCs, concentrations of the perfluorinated compound perfluorooctane sulfonate in plasma were the highest on the River Raisin (MI, USA; geometric mean 330 ng/mL) but well below an estimated toxicity reference value (1700 ng/mL). Both PAH and PCB concentrations in nestling stomach contents and PCBs in carcasses were significantly correlated with concentrations in sediment previously reported, thereby reinforcing the utility of tree swallows to assess bioavailability of sediment contamination. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Custer, Thomas W.; Custer, Christine M.; Dummer, Paul M.; Ericksony, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Goldberg, Diana; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; US Environmental Protection Agency; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; US Geological Survey FX The present study was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the US Geological Survey. We thank C. Balk, G. Berner, C. Bole, P. Boone, R. Booth, Jr., A. Bosak, A. Haertel, A. Heimann, Y. Hernandez, M. Iverson, M. Larkin, A. Lorenz, S. O'Mara, R. Mayer, P. McKann, K. McMullen, M. Meier, K. Mott, K. Prestby, D. Ripp, P. Ripple, C. Schneider, L. Solem, D. Tagerson, J. TeSlaa, J. Tschaikovsky, M. Weber, and T. Zimmerman for field assistance; K. Murray for contracting assistance; state personnel from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York for help obtaining collecting permits; and J. Waide, B. Rattner, and 4 anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The present study could not have been conducted without the access granted by the following landowners: cities of Ashwaubenon, WI; Chicago, IL; Douglas, MI; Duluth, MN; Green Bay, WI; Manistique, MI; Marysville, MI; Milwaukee, WI; Monroe, MI; Muskegon, MI; North Tonawanda, NY; Portage, IN; Rochester, NY; Sault St. Marie, MI; Sheboygan, WI; Sheboygan Falls, WI; Superior, WI; Toledo, OH; Whitehall, MI; and Wyandotte, MI. We also thank Algonac State Park; Allete Energy; K. Aukerman; C. Balk; Bay City Waste Water Treatment Plant; Bay Mills Indian Community; BNSF Railroad; Rod Booth, Jr.; Buffalo Urban Development Corp.; Cedarburg Waste Water Treatment Plant; Chippewa Nature Center; Cleveland MetroParks; Commercial Heat Treating; Detroit Water and Sewerage; DTE Energy; Eagles Club Restaurant; Erie County, NY; Erie, PA, Waterworks; Fruitland Township; Fibrek; Hallett Dock; Hank Aaron State Trail; Honeywell; Horseshoe Casino; state of Indiana (Roxana Marsh); Ironhead Marine; KK Integrated Logistics; Kohler Company; LaFarge; Lake Erie MetroPark, MI; Lakeshore State Park, WI; C. Larscheid; Lorain Port Authority; Macomb County; Manistique Paper; Martineau and Morris Contracting; Mayline; Milwaukee County Department of Parks, Recreation and Culture; MI Department of Natural Resources (Deer Lake and Algonac State Park); Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (Green Mountain); National Gypsum; H. Nelson; New Page Paper; New York State Parks (Niagara Falls, NY); Port of Monroe; Presque Isle State Park; River Wildlife; C. Schneider; R. Seichter; Sheboygan Monument; L. Solem; Stimm Associates; True North Architecture and Construction; US Fish and Wildlife Service (Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge); US Forest Service (Huron Manistee National Forest); Van Riper State Park; and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Star Lake). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 735 EP 748 DI 10.1002/etc.3598 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700005 PM 27539913 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Schmidt, TS Balistrierix, LS AF Mebane, Christopher A. Schmidt, Travis S. Balistrierix, Laurie S. TI LARVAL AQUATIC INSECT RESPONSES TO CADMIUM AND ZINC IN EXPERIMENTAL STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metal mixture toxicity; Biotic ligand model; Aquatic insects; Mesocosms; Ephemeroptera; Tox model ID HEAVY-METALS; ACUTE TOXICITY; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; FRESH-WATER; SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTION; DISSOLVED CADMIUM; ZN UPTAKE; BIOACCUMULATION; MIXTURES; COPPER AB To evaluate the risks of metal mixture effects to natural stream communities under ecologically relevant conditions, the authors conducted 30-d tests with benthic macroinvertebrates exposed to cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in experimental streams. The simultaneous exposures were with Cd and Zn singly and with Cd+Zn mixtures at environmentally relevant ratios. The tests produced concentration response patterns that for individual taxa were interpreted in the same manner as classic single-species toxicity tests and for community metrics such as taxa richness and mayfly (Ephemeroptera) abundance were interpreted in the same manner as with stream survey data. Effect concentrations from the experimental stream exposures were usually 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those from classic single-species tests. Relative to a response addition model, which assumes that the joint toxicity of the mixtures can be predicted from the product of their responses to individual toxicants, the Cd+Zn mixtures generally showed slightly less than additive toxicity. The authors applied a modeling approach called Tox to explore the mixture toxicity results and to relate the experimental stream results to field data. The approach predicts the accumulation of toxicants (hydrogen, Cd, and Zn) on organisms using a 2-pK(a) bidentate model that defines interactions between dissolved cations and biological receptors (biotic ligands) and relates that accumulation through a logistic equation to biological response. The Tox modeling was able to predict Cd+Zn mixture responses fromthe single-metal exposures as well as responses from field data. The similarity of response patterns between the 30-d experimental stream tests and field data supports the environmental relevance of testing aquatic insects in experimental streams. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Balistrierix, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balistrierix, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov FU USGS Mineral Resources Program for the project "Potential Toxicity of Multiple Metals Associated with PGE Deposits"; USGS Contaminant Biology Program; International Zinc Association FX Principal funding for this work was provided by the USGS Mineral Resources Program for the project "Potential Toxicity of Multiple Metals Associated with PGE Deposits." Supplemental funding was provided by the USGS Contaminant Biology Program and the International Zinc Association. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. L. Hargis, J. Miller, H. Rogers, D. Shaw, and R. Wanty provided assistance or advice. Inorganic chemical analyses were conducted by R. Wolf, M. Adams, and others of the USGS Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center (Denver, CO). Organic carbon analyses were conducted by A. Morello of the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, School of Oceanography, University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA). Macroinvertebrate identifications were conducted by D. Rees at Timberline Aquatics (Fort Collins, CO, USA). We thank J. Meyer, E. Van Genderen, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful manuscript criticisms. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 749 EP 762 DI 10.1002/etc.3599 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700013 PM 27541712 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ivey, CD Ingersoll, CG Brumbaugh, WG Alvarez, D Hammer, EJ Bauer, CR Augspurger, T Raimondo, S Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Ivey, Christopher D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Brumbaugh, William G. Alvarez, David Hammer, Edward J. Bauer, Candice R. Augspurger, Tom Raimondo, Sandy Barnhart, M. Christopher TI ACUTE SENSITIVITY OF A BROAD RANGE OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS TO CHEMICALS WITH DIFFERENT MODES OF TOXIC ACTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Juvenile mussels; Acute toxicity; Water quality criteria; Water quality guidelines; Species sensitivity distribution ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; ONLY EXPOSURES; UNIONIDAE; GLOCHIDIA; COPPER; AMMONIA; JUVENILES; ZINC AB Freshwater mussels, one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, are generally underrepresented in toxicity databases used for the development of ambient water quality criteria and other environmental guidance values. Acute 96-h toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of 5 species of juvenile mussels from 2 families and 4 tribes to 10 chemicals (ammonia, metals, major ions, and organic compounds) and to screen 10 additional chemicals (mainly organic compounds) with a commonly tested mussel species, fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea). In the multi-species study, median effect concentrations (EC50s) among the 5 species differed by a factor of <= 2 for chloride, potassium, sulfate, and zinc; a factor of <= 5 for ammonia, chromium, copper, and nickel; and factors of 6 and 12 for metolachlor and alachlor, respectively, indicating that mussels representing different families or tribes had similar sensitivity to most of the tested chemicals, regardless of modes of action. There was a strong linear relationship between EC50s for fatmucket and the other 4 mussel species across the 10 chemicals (r(2) = 0.97, slope close to 1.0), indicating that fatmucket was similar to other mussel species; thus, this commonly tested species can be a good surrogate for protecting other mussels in acute exposures. The sensitivity of juvenile fatmucket among different populations or cultured fromlarvae ofwild adults and captive-cultured adults was also similar in acute exposures to copper or chloride, indicating captive-cultured adult mussels can reliably be used to reproduce juveniles for toxicity testing. In compiled databases for all freshwater species, 1 or more mussel species were among the 4 most sensitive species for alachlor, ammonia, chloride, potassium, sulfate, copper, nickel, and zinc; therefore, the development of water quality criteria and other environmental guidance values for these chemicals should reflect the sensitivity of mussels. In contrast, the EC50s of fatmucket tested in the single-species study were in the high percentiles (> 75th) of species sensitivity distributions for 6 of 7 organic chemicals, indicating mussels might be relatively insensitive to organic chemicals in acute exposures. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Wang, Ning; Ivey, Christopher D.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Alvarez, David] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Hammer, Edward J.; Bauer, Candice R.] US EPA, Water Qual Branch, Chicago, IL USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Raimondo, Sandy] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the staff of the Toxicology Branch and Environmental Chemistry Branch of US Geological Survey (Columbia, MO, USA) for technical assistance, E.A. Glidewell of Missouri State University (Springfield, MO, USA) and N. Eckert of Genoa National Fish Hatchery (Genoa, WI, USA) for providing juvenile mussels for testing, T. Divis of the Kansas City Zoo for mussel culture, C. Lilavois for assistance with the USEPA Web-Interspecies Correlation Estimation database, K.L. Smalling and M.L. Hladik of the US Geological Survey (Sacramento, CA, USA) for analyses of some organic chemicals, and 3 anonymous journal reviewers for their comments. Funding for the present study was provided in part by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 786 EP 796 DI 10.1002/etc.3642 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700027 PM 27699830 ER PT J AU Ivey, CD Besser, JM Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Rogers, DC Raimondo, S Bauer, CR Hammerk, EJ AF Ivey, Chris D. Besser, John M. Ingersoll, Chris G. Wang, Ning Rogers, D. Christopher Raimondo, Sandy Bauer, Candice R. Hammerk, Edward J. TI ACUTE SENSITIVITY OF THE VERNAL POOL FAIRY SHRIMP, BRANCHINECTA LYNCHI (ANOSTRACA; BRANCHINECTIDAE), AND SURROGATE SPECIES TO 10 CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acute toxicity; Endangered species; Fairy shrimp; Interspecies correlation estimation models ID THAMNOCEPHALUS-PLATYURUS; TOXICITY TESTS; FRESH-WATER; MICROBIOTESTS; BRANCHIOPODA; CRUSTACEA; MODELS AB Vernal pool fairy shrimp, Branchinecta lynchi, (Branchiopoda; Anostraca) and other fairy shrimp species have been listed as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Because few data exist about the sensitivity of Branchinecta spp. to toxic effects of contaminants, it is difficult to determine whether they are adequately protected by water quality criteria. A series of acute (24-h) lethality/immobilization tests was conducted with 3 species of fairy shrimp (B. lynchi, Branchinecta lindahli, and Thamnocephalus platyurus) and 10 chemicals with varying modes of toxic action: ammonia, potassium, chloride, sulfate, chromium( VI), copper, nickel, zinc, alachlor, and metolachlor. The same chemicals were tested in 48-h tests with other branchiopods ( the cladocerans Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and in 96-h tests with snails (Physa gyrina and Lymnaea stagnalis). Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for B. lynchi were strongly correlated (r(2) (_) 0.975) with EC50s for the commercially available fairy shrimp species T. platyurus for most chemicals tested. Comparison of EC50s for fairy shrimp and EC50s for invertebrate taxa tested concurrently and with other published toxicity data indicated that fairy shrimp were relatively sensitive to potassium and several trace metals compared with other invertebrate taxa, although cladocerans, amphipods, and mussels had similar broad toxicant sensitivity. Interspecies correlation estimation models for predicting toxicity to fairy shrimp from surrogate species indicated that models with cladocerans and freshwater mussels as surrogates produced the best predictions of the sensitivity of fairy shrimp to contaminants. The results of these studies indicate that fairy shrimp are relatively sensitive to a range of toxicants, but Endangered Species Act-listed fairy shrimp of the genus Branchinecta were not consistently more sensitive than other fairy shrimp taxa. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Ivey, Chris D.; Besser, John M.; Ingersoll, Chris G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rogers, D. Christopher] Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. [Raimondo, Sandy] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Bauer, Candice R.; Hammerk, Edward J.] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ivey, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM civey@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 797 EP 806 DI 10.1002/etc.3723 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5YX UT WOS:000394698700010 PM 28019706 ER PT J AU Bonar, SA Mercado-Silva, N Hubert, WA Beard, TD Dave, G Kubecka, J Graeb, BDS Lester, NP Porath, M Winfield, IJ AF Bonar, Scott A. Mercado-Silva, Norman Hubert, Wayne A. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Dave, Goeran Kubecka, Jan Graeb, Brian D. S. Lester, Nigel P. Porath, Mark Winfield, Ian J. TI Standard Methods for Sampling Freshwater Fishes: Opportunities for International Collaboration SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN LAKES; SIZE STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION; UK AB With publication of Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes in 2009, the American Fisheries Society (AFS) recommended standard procedures for North America. To explore interest in standardizing at intercontinental scales, a symposium attended by international specialists in freshwater fish sampling was convened at the 145th Annual AFS Meeting in Portland, Oregon, in August 2015. Participants represented all continents except Australia and Antarctica and were employed by state and federal agencies, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and consulting businesses. Currently, standardization is practiced mostly in North America and Europe. Participants described how standardization has been important for management of long-term data sets, promoting fundamental scientific understanding, and assessing efficacy of large spatial scale management strategies. Academics indicated that standardization has been useful in fisheries education because time previously used to teach how sampling methods are developed is now more devoted to diagnosis and treatment of problem fish communities. Researchers reported that standardization allowed increased sample size for method validation and calibration. Group consensus was to retain continental standards where they currently exist but to further explore international and intercontinental standardization, specifically identifying where synergies and bridges exist, and identify means to collaborate with scientists where standardization is limited but interest and need occur. C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biodiversidad & Conservac, Col Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Dave, Goeran] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kubecka, Jan] Biol Ctr Ceske Budejovice, Biol Ctr eske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Graeb, Brian D. S.] South Dakota State Univ, Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD USA. [Lester, Nigel P.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Porath, Mark] Nebraska Game & Pk, Lincoln, NE USA. [Winfield, Ian J.] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lake Ecosyst Grp, Lib Ave, Lancaster, Lancs, England. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci East, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2017 VL 42 IS 3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1080/03632415.2017.1276352 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EN1IP UT WOS:000395764000008 ER PT J AU Vincze, O Kosztolanyi, A Barta, Z Kupper, C Alrashidi, M Amat, JA Tico, AA Burns, F Cavitt, J Conway, WC Cruz-Lopez, M Desucre-Medrano, AE dos Remedios, N Figuerola, J Galindo-Espinosa, D Garcia-Pena, GE Del Angel, SG Gratto-Trevor, C Jonsson, P Lloyd, P Montalvo, T Parra, JE Pruner, R Que, PJ Liu, Y Saalfeld, ST Schulz, R Serra, L St Clair, JJH Stenzel, LE Weston, MA Yasue, M Zefania, S Szekely, T AF Vincze, Orsolya Kosztolanyi, Andras Barta, Zoltan Kuepper, Clemens Alrashidi, Monif Amat, Juan A. Tico, Araceli Arguelles Burns, Fiona Cavitt, John Conway, Warren C. Cruz-Lopez, Medardo Eduardo Desucre-Medrano, Atahualpa dos Remedios, Natalie Figuerola, Jordi Galindo-Espinosa, Daniel Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E. Gomez Del Angel, Salvador Gratto-Trevor, Cheri Jonsson, Paul Lloyd, Penn Montalvo, Tomas Parra, Jorge Enrique Pruner, Raya Que, Pinjia Liu, Yang Saalfeld, Sarah T. Schulz, Rainer Serra, Lorenzo St Clair, James J. H. Stenzel, Lynne E. Weston, Michael A. Yasue, Mai Zefania, Sama Szekely, Tamas TI Parental cooperation in a changing climate: fluctuating environments predict shifts in care division SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate; environmental stochasticity; global change; parental care; parental cooperation; seasonal environment ID MATING OPPORTUNITIES; BROOD DESERTION; KENTISH PLOVER; TRADE-OFF; SEX-ROLES; EVOLUTION; INCUBATION; DISPERSAL; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES AB Aim Parental care improves the survival of offspring and therefore has a major impact on reproductive success. It is increasingly recognized that coordinated biparental care is necessary to ensure the survival of offspring in hostile environments, but little is known about the influence of environmental fluctuations on parental cooperation. Assessing the impacts of environmental stochasticity, however, is essential for understanding how populations will respond to climate change and the associated increasing frequencies of extreme weather events. Here we investigate the influence of environmental stochasticity on biparental incubation in a cosmopolitan ground-nesting avian genus. Location Global. Methods We assembled data on biparental care in 36 plover populations (Charadrius spp.) from six continents, collected between 1981 and 2012. Using a space-for-time approach we investigate how average temperature, temperature stochasticity (i.e. year-to-year variation) and seasonal temperature variation during the breeding season influence parental cooperation during incubation. Results We show that both average ambient temperature and its fluctuations influence parental cooperation during incubation. Male care relative to female care increases with both mean ambient temperature and temperature stochasticity. Local climatic conditions explain within-species population differences in parental cooperation, probably reflecting phenotypic plasticity of behaviour. Main conclusions The degree of flexibility in parental cooperation is likely to mediate the impacts of climate change on the demography and reproductive behaviour of wild animal populations. C1 [Vincze, Orsolya; Kosztolanyi, Andras; Barta, Zoltan] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool & Human Biol, MTA Lendulet Behav Ecol Res Grp, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. [Kosztolanyi, Andras] Univ Babes Bolyai, Hungarian Dept Biol & Ecol, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania. [Kosztolanyi, Andras] Univ Vet Med Budapest, Dept Ecol, H-1077 Budapest, Hungary. [Kuepper, Clemens] Graz Univ, Inst Zool, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Alrashidi, Monif] Univ Hail, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Hail, Saudi Arabia. [Amat, Juan A.; Figuerola, Jordi] Estac Biol Donana EBD CSIC, Calle Americo Vespucio S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. [Tico, Araceli Arguelles; Szekely, Tamas] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Biodivers Lab, Bath BA1 7AY, Avon, England. [Burns, Fiona] RSPB Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Cavitt, John] Weber State Univ, Avian Ecol Lab, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [Conway, Warren C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cruz-Lopez, Medardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrado Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Eduardo Desucre-Medrano, Atahualpa; Gomez Del Angel, Salvador] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Zool Lab, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54000, Mexico. [dos Remedios, Natalie] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Galindo-Espinosa, Daniel] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Baja California Sur 23096, Mexico. [Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E.] CESAB, F-13857 Aix En Provence 3, France. [Garcia-Pena, Gabriel E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Prairie & Northern Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Jonsson, Paul] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Montalvo, Tomas] Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Serv Vigilancia & Control Plagues Urbanes, Barcelona 08012, Spain. [Pruner, Raya] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Que, Pinjia] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Coll Ecol & Evolut, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Saalfeld, Sarah T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Schulz, Rainer] Schutzstat Wattenmeer Natl Pk, D-25813 Husum, Germany. [Serra, Lorenzo] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. [St Clair, James J. H.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Stenzel, Lynne E.] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Weston, Michael A.] Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic, Australia. [Weston, Michael A.] Deakin Univ, Fac Sci Engn & Built Environm, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Yasue, Mai] Quest Univ Canada, Squamish 3200, Squamish, BC, Canada. [Zefania, Sama] Univ Toliara, Dept Biol, Toliara, Madagascar. RP Vincze, O (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool & Human Biol, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. EM orsolya.vincze@vocs.unideb.hu FU Hungarian Eotvos Scholarship [MAEO2016_15/76740]; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility [MGF184, NBAF933, NBAF547]; NKFIH [K112527, K112670, K116310] FX This work was supported by the Hungarian Eotvos Scholarship (MAEO2016_15/76740 to O.V.), Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (to A.K.), by the NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility (MGF184, NBAF933, NBAF547) and NKFIH grants (K112527, K112670, K116310). Funding of laboratory and fieldwork, as well as permits, are detailed in the Supporting Information (Acknowledgements S1). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 26 IS 3 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1111/geb.12540 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA EL8ZP UT WOS:000394909200007 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Gangopadhyay, S Pruitt, T AF Tillman, Fred D. Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu Pruitt, Tom TI Understanding the past to interpret the future: comparison of simulated groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin (USA) using observed and general-circulation-model historical climate data SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater recharge; Climate change; Groundwater management; USA ID CHANGE IMPACTS; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; UNITED-STATES; AUSTRALIA; SENSITIVITY; STREAMFLOW; CATCHMENT; BASEFLOW; SURFACE AB In evaluating potential impacts of climate change on water resources, water managers seek to understand how future conditions may differ from the recent past. Studies of climate impacts on groundwater recharge often compare simulated recharge from future and historical time periods on an average monthly or overall average annual basis, or compare average recharge from future decades to that from a single recent decade. Baseline historical recharge estimates, which are compared with future conditions, are often from simulations using observed historical climate data. Comparison of average monthly results, average annual results, or even averaging over selected historical decades, may mask the true variability in historical results and lead to misinterpretation of future conditions. Comparison of future recharge results simulated using general circulation model (GCM) climate data to recharge results simulated using actual historical climate data may also result in an incomplete understanding of the likelihood of future changes. In this study, groundwater recharge is estimated in the upper Colorado River basin, USA, using a distributed-parameter soil-water balance groundwater recharge model for the period 1951-2010. Recharge simulations are performed using precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature data from observed climate data and from 97 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5) projections. Results indicate that average monthly and average annual simulated recharge are similar using observed and GCM climate data. However, 10-year moving-average recharge results show substantial differences between observed and simulated climate data, particularly during period 1970-2000, with much greater variability seen for results using observed climate data. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu; Pruitt, Tom] Tech Serv Ctr, Water Resources Planning & Operat Support Grp, Reclamat, Denver, CO USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program; USGS Groundwater Resources Program FX Investigation of groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin under climate change was supported by the Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 of the ESM) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1481-0 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300006 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE AF Sanford, Ward E. TI Estimating regional-scale permeability-depth relations in a fractured-rock terrain using groundwater-flow model calibration SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fractured rock; Modeling; Permeability; Groundwater flow; USA ID CONTINENTAL-CRUST; CRYSTALLINE; SYSTEMS AB The trend of decreasing permeability with depth was estimated in the fractured-rock terrain of the upper Potomac River basin in the eastern USA using model calibration on 200 water-level observations in wells and 12 base-flow observations in subwatersheds. Results indicate that permeability at the 1-10 km scale (for groundwater flowpaths) decreases by several orders of magnitude within the top 100 m of land surface. This depth range represents the transition from the weathered, fractured regolith into unweathered bedrock. This rate of decline is substantially greater than has been observed by previous investigators that have plotted in situ wellbore measurements versus depth. The difference is that regional water levels give information on kilometer-scale connectivity of the regolith and adjacent fracture networks, whereas in situ measurements give information on near-hole fractures and fracture networks. The approach taken was to calibrate model layer-to-layer ratios of hydraulic conductivity (LLKs) for each major rock type. Most rock types gave optimal LLK values of 40-60, where each layer was twice a thick as the one overlying it. Previous estimates of permeability with depth from deeper data showed less of a decline at < 300 m than the regional modeling results. There was less certainty in the modeling results deeper than 200 m and for certain rock types where fewer water-level observations were available. The results have implications for improved understanding of watershed-scale groundwater flow and transport, such as for the timing of the migration of pollutants from the water table to streams. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1483-y PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300010 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Creasey, KM Perkins, KS Mirus, BB AF Nimmo, John R. Creasey, Kaitlyn M. Perkins, Kim S. Mirus, Benjamin B. TI Preferential flow, diffuse flow, and perching in an interbedded fractured-rock unsaturated zone SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Unsaturated zone; Preferential flow; Perched water; Fractured basalt; Impeding layers ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-FLOW; TRANSPORT; MODEL; TRACER; MOUNTAIN AB Layers of strong geologic contrast within the unsaturated zone can control recharge and contaminant transport to underlying aquifers. Slow diffuse flow in certain geologic layers, and rapid preferential flow in others, complicates the prediction of vertical and lateral fluxes. A simple model is presented, designed to use limited geological site information to predict these critical subsurface processes in response to a sustained infiltration source. The model is developed and tested using site-specific information from the Idaho National Laboratory in the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP), USA, where there are natural and anthropogenic sources of high-volume infiltration from floods, spills, leaks, wastewater disposal, retention ponds, and hydrologic field experiments. The thick unsaturated zone overlying the ESRP aquifer is a good example of a sharply stratified unsaturated zone. Sedimentary interbeds are interspersed between massive and fractured basalt units. The combination of surficial sediments, basalts, and interbeds determines the water fluxes through the variably saturated subsurface. Interbeds are generally less conductive, sometimes causing perched water to collect above them. The model successfully predicts the volume and extent of perching and approximates vertical travel times during events that generate high fluxes from the land surface. These developments are applicable to sites having a thick, geologically complex unsaturated zone of substantial thickness in which preferential and diffuse flow, and perching of percolated water, are important to contaminant transport or aquifer recharge. C1 [Nimmo, John R.; Creasey, Kaitlyn M.; Perkins, Kim S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mirus, Benjamin B.] US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St,MS 966, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov FU USGS INL Project Office FX This work was funded in part by the USGS INL Project Office. The authors are grateful to those who provided data and background information, including especially Jeff Forbes of the Idaho Cleanup Project and Tom Wood of the University of Idaho. Annette Schafer, of Battelle Energy Alliance, and several other reviewers and editors improved the quality of this paper. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 421 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1496-6 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300011 ER PT J AU Beisner, KR Paretti, NV Tillman, FD Naftz, DL Bills, DJ Walton-Day, K Gallegos, TJ AF Beisner, Kimberly R. Paretti, Nicholas V. Tillman, Fred D. Naftz, David L. Bills, Donald J. Walton-Day, Katie Gallegos, Tanya J. TI Geochemistry and hydrology of perched groundwater springs: assessing elevated uranium concentrations at Pigeon Spring relative to nearby Pigeon Mine, Arizona (USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mining; Hydrochemistry; USA; Groundwater age; Radioactive isotopes ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; WATERS; FRACTIONATION; U-234/U-238; WISCONSIN; AQUIFER; MODEL AB The processes that affect water chemistry as the water flows from recharge areas through breccia-pipe uranium deposits in the Grand Canyon region of the southwestern United States are not well understood. Pigeon Spring had elevated uranium in 1982 (44 mu g/L), compared to other perched springs (2.7-18 mu g/L), prior to mining operations at the nearby Pigeon Mine. Perched groundwater springs in an area around the Pigeon Mine were sampled between 2009 and 2015 and compared with material from the Pigeon Mine to better understand the geochemistry and hydrology of the area. Two general groups of perched groundwater springs were identified from this study; one group is characterized by calcium sulfate type water, low uranium activity ratio U-234/U-238 (UAR) values, and a mixture of water with some component of modern water, and the other group by calcium-magnesium sulfate type water, higher UAR values, and radiocarbon ages indicating recharge on the order of several thousand years ago. Multivariate statistical principal components analysis of Pigeon Mine and spring samples indicate Cu, Pb, As, Mn, and Cd concentrations distinguished mining-related leachates from perched groundwater springs. The groundwater potentiometric surface indicates that perched groundwater at Pigeon Mine would likely flow toward the northwest away from Pigeon Spring. The geochemical analysis of the water, sediment and rock samples collected from the Snake Gulch area indicate that the elevated uranium at Pigeon Spring is likely related to a natural source of uranium upgradient from the spring and not likely related to the Pigeon Mine. C1 [Beisner, Kimberly R.; Paretti, Nicholas V.; Tillman, Fred D.] US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Bills, Donald J.] US Geol Survey, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Walton-Day, Katie] US Geol Survey, W 6th Ave & Kipling St, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Gallegos, Tanya J.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Beisner, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kbeisner@usgs.gov FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Bureau of Land Management FX The geochemical and hydrologic investigation presented in this paper was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the Bureau of Land Management. USGS employees Jessica Anderson, Jamie Macy, Kurt Schonauer, Joel Unema, Corey Sannes, and Geoff Debenedetto from the Arizona Water Science Center were critical in helping collect the spring samples from often remote locations. David Parkhurst (USGS) provided technical direction and support. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their contribution. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 539 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1494-8 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM0IF UT WOS:000395001300017 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Walsh, HL Braham, RP Hahn, CM Mazik, P McIntyre, PB AF Blazer, V. S. Walsh, H. L. Braham, R. P. Hahn, C. M. Mazik, P. McIntyre, P. B. TI Tumours in white suckers from Lake Michigan tributaries: pathology and prevalence SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE environmental health; liver neoplasms; skin neoplasms; tumours; White sucker ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; GREAT-LAKES; BROWN BULLHEAD; RAINBOW-TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION AB The prevalence and histopathology of neoplastic lesions were assessed in white sucker Catostomus commersonii captured at two Lake Michigan Areas of Concern (AOCs), the Sheboygan River and Milwaukee Estuary. Findings were compared to those observed at two non-AOC sites, the Root and Kewaunee rivers. At each site, approximately 200 adult suckers were collected during their spawning migration. Raised skin lesions were observed at all sites and included discrete white spots, mucoid plaques on the body surface and fins and large papillomatous lesions on lips and body. Microscopically, hyperplasia, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma were documented. Liver neoplasms were also observed at all sites and included both hepatocellular and biliary tumours. Based on land use, the Kewaunee River was the site least impacted by human activities previously associated with fish tumours and had significantly fewer liver neoplasms when compared to the other sites. The proportion of white suckers with liver tumours followed the same patterns as the proportion of urban land use in the watershed: the Milwaukee Estuary had the highest prevalence, followed by the Root, Sheboygan and Kewaunee rivers. The overall skin neoplasm (papilloma and carcinoma) prevalence did not follow the same pattern, although the percentage of white suckers with squamous cell carcinoma exhibited a similar relationship to land use. Testicular tumours (seminoma) were observed at both AOC sites but not at the non-AOC sites. Both skin and liver tumours were significantly and positively associated with age but not sex. C1 [Blazer, V. S.; Braham, R. P.; Hahn, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Walsh, H. L.] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV USA. [Mazik, P.] West Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV USA. [McIntyre, P. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR); Environmental Health (Contaminants Biology); Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit programmes of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), the Environmental Health (Contaminants Biology) and the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit programmes of the U.S. Geological Survey. Personnel from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and WDNR collected fish and assisted with necropsies. We appreciate the technical support of Kathy Spring, Darlene Bowling and Adam Sperry in processing tissues for histopathological evaluation. Dr. John Fournie (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida) reviewed approximately 10% of the neoplastic lesions for quality assurance. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 40 IS 3 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1111/jfd.12520 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA EL7ZT UT WOS:000394840500008 PM 27553424 ER PT J AU Moore, SA Jamieson, EC Rainville, F Rennie, CD Mueller, DS AF Moore, Stephanie A. Jamieson, Elizabeth C. Rainville, Francois Rennie, Colin D. Mueller, David S. TI Monte Carlo Approach for Uncertainty Analysis of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Discharge Measurement by Moving Boat SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP); Uncertainty; Monte Carlo; Probabilistic; Stream gauging procedures ID ADCP VELOCITY; FRAMEWORK; VARIANCE AB This paper presents a method using Monte Carlo simulations for assessing uncertainty of moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements using a software tool known as QUant, which was developed for this purpose. Analysis was performed on 10 data sets from four Water Survey of Canada gauging stations in order to evaluate the relative contribution of a range of error sources to the total estimated uncertainty. The factors that differed among data sets included the fraction of unmeasured discharge relative to the total discharge, flow nonuniformity, and operator decisions about instrument programming and measurement cross section. As anticipated, it was found that the estimated uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty of the discharge in the unmeasured areas, highlighting the importance of appropriate selection of the site, the instrument, and the user inputs required to estimate the unmeasured discharge. The main contributor to uncertainty was invalid data, but spatial inhomogeneity in water velocity and bottom-track velocity also contributed, as did variation in the edge velocity, uncertainty in the edge distances, edge coefficients, and the top and bottom extrapolation methods. To a lesser extent, spatial inhomogeneity in the bottom depth also contributed to the total uncertainty, as did uncertainty in the ADCP draft at shallow sites. The estimated uncertainties from QUant can be used to assess the adequacy of standard operating procedures. They also provide quantitative feedback to the ADCP operators about the quality of their measurements, indicating which parameters are contributing most to uncertainty, and perhaps even highlighting ways in which uncertainty can be reduced. Additionally, QUant can be used to account for self-dependent error sources such as heading errors, which are a function of heading. The results demonstrate the importance of a Monte Carlo method tool such as QUant for quantifying random and bias errors when evaluating the uncertainty of moving-boat ADCP measurements. C1 [Moore, Stephanie A.; Jamieson, Elizabeth C.; Rainville, Francois] Water Survey Canada, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 373 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Rennie, Colin D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Mueller, David S.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Moore, SA (reprint author), Water Survey Canada, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 373 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM stephanie.moore2@canada.ca OI moore, stephanie/0000-0002-0823-6515 FU Environment and Climate Change Canada FX This study was financed in part by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The work was performed while the first author was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Ottawa. The authors would like to thank the Water Survey of Canada's hydrometric technologists Colin Angus, Karen Hardy, Donald Hood, and Daniel Selinger who acquired the data that were analyzed in this study. The authors would also like to thank our collaborators at the United States Geological Survey-Office of Surface Water and at the Argentinian Centro de Estudios y Tecnologia del Agua for ongoing discussions and collaborations. Lastly, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their constructive feedback. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2017 VL 143 IS 3 AR 04016088 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001249 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EM7YU UT WOS:000395529100004 ER PT J AU Opsahl, SP Musgrove, M Slattery, RN AF Opsahl, S. P. Musgrove, M. Slattery, R. N. TI New insights into nitrate dynamics in a karst groundwater system gained from in situ high-frequency optical sensor measurements SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Optical sensor; Karst; Groundwater; Edwards aquifer ID UNITED-STATES; AQUIFER; DATABASE; RIVER AB Understanding nitrate dynamics in groundwater systems as a function of climatic conditions, especially during contrasting patterns of drought and wet cycles, is limited by a lack of temporal and spatial data. Nitrate sensors have the capability for making accurate, high-frequency measurements of nitrate in situ, but have not yet been evaluated for long-term use in groundwater wells. We measured in situ nitrate continuously in two groundwater monitoring wells one rural and one urban located in the recharge zone of a productive karst aquifer in central Texas in order to resolve changes that occur over both short-term (hourly to daily) and long-term (monthly to yearly) periods. Nitrate concentrations, measured as nitrate-nitrogen in milligrams per liter (mg/L), during drought conditions showed little or no temporal change as groundwater levels declined. During aquifer recharge, extremely rapid changes in concentration occurred at both wells as documented by hourly data. At both sites, nitrate concentrations were affected by recharging surface water as evidenced by nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge (0.8-1.3 mg/L) that were similar to previously reported values for regional recharging streams. Groundwater nitrate concentrations responded differently at urban and rural sites during groundwater recharge. Concentrations at the rural well (approximately 1.0 mg/L) increased as a result of higher nitrate concentrations in groundwater recharge relative to ambient nitrate concentrations in groundwater, whereas concentrations at the urban well (approximately 2.7 mg/L) decreased as a result of the dilution of higher ambient nitrate concentrations relative to those in groundwater recharge. Notably, nitrate concentrations decreased to as low as 0.8 mg/L at the urban site during recharge but postrecharge concentrations exceeded 3.0 mg/L. A return to higher nitrate concentrations postrecharge indicates mobilization of a localized source of elevated nitrate within the urbanized area of the aquifer. Changes in specific conductance were observed at both sites during groundwater recharge, and a significant correlation between specific conductance and nitrate (correlation coefficient [R] - 0.455) was evident at the urban site where large (3-fold) changes in nitrate occurred. Nitrate concentrations and specific conductance measured during a depth profile indicated that the water column was generally homogeneous as expected for this karst environment, but changes were observed in the most productive zone of the aquifer that might indicate some heterogeneity within the complex network of flow paths. Resolving the timing and magnitude of changes and characterizing fine-scale vertical differences would not be possible using conventional sampling techniques. The patterns observed in situ provided new insight into the dynamic nature of nitrate in a karst groundwater system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Opsahl, S. P.; Slattery, R. N.] US Geol Survey, 5563 De Zavala,Ste 290, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Musgrove, M.] US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Opsahl, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5563 De Zavala,Ste 290, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM sopsahl@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 546 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2016.12.038 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EM9CC UT WOS:000395607700017 ER PT J AU Rosecrans, CZ Nolan, BT Gronberg, JM AF Rosecrans, Celia Z. Nolan, Bernard T. Gronberg, Joann M. TI Prediction and visualization of redox conditions in the groundwater of Central Valley, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Machine learning; Boosted regression trees; Groundwater; Redox conditions; Probability grids; Cross-validation ID DRINKING-WATER WELLS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; USA; DENITRIFICATION; REDUCTION; AQUIFER; SYSTEMS AB Regional-scale, three-dimensional continuous probability models, were constructed for aspects of redox conditions in the groundwater system of the Central Valley, California. These models yield grids depicting the probability that groundwater in a particular location will have dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations less than selected threshold values representing anoxic groundwater conditions, or will have dissolved manganese (Mn) concentrations greater than selected threshold values representing secondary drinking water-quality contaminant levels (SMCL) and health-based screening levels (HBSL). The probability models were constrained by the alluvial boundary of the Central Valley to a depth of approximately 300 m. Probability distribution grids can be extracted from the 3-D models at any desired depth, and are of interest to water-resource managers, water-quality researchers, and groundwater modelers concerned with the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic contaminants related to anoxic conditions. Models were constructed using a Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) machine learning technique that produces many trees as part of an additive model and has the ability to handle many variables, automatically incorporate interactions, and is resistant to collinearity. Machine learning methods for statistical prediction are becoming increasing popular in that they do not require assumptions associated with traditional hypothesis testing. Models were constructed using measured dissolved oxygen and manganese concentrations sampled from 2767 wells within the alluvial boundary of the Central Valley, and over 60 explanatory variables representing regional-scale soil properties, soil chemistry, land use, aquifer textures, and aquifer hydrologic properties. Models were trained on a USGS dataset of 932 wells, and evaluated on an independent hold-out dataset of 1835 wells from the California Division of Drinking Water. We used cross-validation to assess the predictive performance of models of varying complexity, as a basis for selecting final models. Trained models were applied to cross-validation testing data and a separate hold-out dataset to evaluate model predictive performance by emphasizing three model metrics of fit: Kappa; accuracy; and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). The final trained models were used for mapping predictions at discrete depths to a depth of 304.8 m. Trained DO and Mn models had accuracies of 86-100%, Kappa values of 0.69-0.99, and ROC values of 0.92-1.0. Model accuracies for cross-validation testing datasets were 82-95% and ROC values were 0.87-0.91, indicating good predictive performance. Kappas for the cross-validation testing dataset were 0.30-0.69, indicating fair to substantial agreement between testing observations and model predictions. Hold-out data were available for the manganese model only and indicated accuracies of 89-97%, ROC values of 0.73-0.75, and Kappa values of 0.06-0.30. The predictive performance of both the DO and Mn models was reasonable, considering all three of these fit metrics and the low percentages of low-DO and high-Mn events in the data. C1 [Rosecrans, Celia Z.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95822 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gronberg, Joann M.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rosecrans, CZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95822 USA. EM crosecrans@usgs.gov FU U.S Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment project FX We thank Claudia Faunt for providing data and advice with respect to the Central Valley Hydrologic Model and Central Valley Textural Model that were used as input into the BRT models. We thank Neil Dubrovsky and Miranda Fram for their guidance and advice on the development of the conceptual framework of the BRT models. We thank Becky Bodger with GeoSoft for her invaluable help with the 3-D visualization of prediction grids developed in this work. We thank the U.S Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment project for funding this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 546 BP 341 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.014 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EM9CC UT WOS:000395607700029 ER PT J AU Lee, J Malmberg, JL Wood, BA Hladky, S Troyer, R Roelke, M Cunningham, M McBride, R Vickers, W Boyce, W Boydston, E Serieys, L Riley, S Crooks, K VandeWoude, S AF Lee, Justin Malmberg, Jennifer L. Wood, Britta A. Hladky, Sahaja Troyer, Ryan Roelke, Melody Cunningham, Mark McBride, Roy Vickers, Winston Boyce, Walter Boydston, Erin Serieys, Laurel Riley, Seth Crooks, Kevin VandeWoude, Sue TI Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Cross-Species Transmission: Implications for Emergence of New Lentiviral Infections SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bobcat; cross-species transmission; feline; feline immunodeficiency virus; mountain lion; retroviruses ID BOBCATS LYNX-RUFUS; DOMESTIC CATS; PUMA-CONCOLOR; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; RESTRICTION FACTORS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FLORIDA PANTHERS; VIRAL EVOLUTION; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HOST SHIFTS AB Owing to a complex history of host-parasite coevolution, lentiviruses exhibit a high degree of species specificity. Given the well-documented viral archeology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emergence following human exposures to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an understanding of processes that promote successful cross-species lentiviral transmissions is highly relevant. We previously reported natural cross-species transmission of a subtype of feline immunodeficiency virus, puma lentivirus A (PLVA), between bobcats (Lynx rufus) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) for a small number of animals in California and Florida. In this study, we investigate host-specific selection pressures, within-host viral fitness, and inter-versus intraspecies transmission patterns among a larger collection of PLV isolates from free-ranging bobcats and mountain lions. Analyses of proviral and viral RNA levels demonstrate that PLVA fitness is severely restricted in mountain lions compared to that in bobcats. We document evidence of diversifying selection in three of six PLVA genomes from mountain lions, but we did not detect selection among 20 PLVA isolates from bobcats. These findings support the hypothesis that PLVA is a bobcat-adapted virus which is less fit in mountain lions and under intense selection pressure in the novel host. Ancestral reconstruction of transmission events reveals that intraspecific PLVA transmission has occurred among panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in Florida following the initial cross-species infection from bobcats. In contrast, interspecific transmission from bobcats to mountain lions predominates in California. These findings document outcomes of cross-species lentiviral transmission events among felids that compare to the emergence of HIV from nonhuman primates. IMPORTANCE Cross-species transmission episodes can be singular, dead-end events or can result in viral replication and spread in the new species. The factors that determine which outcome will occur are complex, and the risk of new virus emergence is therefore difficult to predict. We used molecular techniques to evaluate the transmission, fitness, and adaptation of puma lentivirus A (PLVA) between bobcats and mountain lions in two geographic regions. Our findings illustrate that mountain lion exposure to PLVA is relatively common but does not routinely result in communicable infections in the new host. This is attributed to efficient species barriers that largely prevent lentiviral adaptation. However, the evolutionary capacity for lentiviruses to adapt to novel environments may ultimately overcome host restriction mechanisms over time and under certain ecological circumstances. This phenomenon provides a unique opportunity to examine cross-species transmission events leading to new lentiviral emergence. C1 [Lee, Justin; Malmberg, Jennifer L.; Hladky, Sahaja; Troyer, Ryan; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wood, Britta A.] Pirbright Inst, Pirbright, Surrey, England. [Troyer, Ryan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roelke, Melody] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Cunningham, Mark] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL USA. [McBride, Roy] Ranchers Supply Inc, Alpine, TX USA. [Vickers, Winston] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boyce, Walter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boydston, Erin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Serieys, Laurel] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Cape Town, South Africa. [Serieys, Laurel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Riley, Seth] Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Crooks, Kevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP VandeWoude, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sue.vandewoude@colostate.edu FU NSF-EID award [0723676, 1413925]; Morris Animal Foundation [D10ZO-415]; Merial Veterinary Summer Student Fellowship award; NHLBI, NIH [5R01HL092791] FX This work was supported by NSF-EID awards 0723676 and 1413925, Morris Animal Foundation award D10ZO-415, the Merial Veterinary Summer Student Fellowship award, and NHLBI, NIH, award 5R01HL092791. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 91 IS 5 AR UNSP e02134-16 DI 10.1128/JVI.02134-16 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA EL1BV UT WOS:000394356400023 ER PT J AU Neighbors, C Cochran, ES Ryan, KJ Kaiser, AE AF Neighbors, Corrie Cochran, E. S. Ryan, K. J. Kaiser, A. E. TI Solving for Source Parameters Using Nested Array Data: A Case Study from the Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Canterbury earthquake sequence; strong ground motion; quake-catcher network; MEMs accelerometers; nested array; Gauss-Newton method; Brune model; spectral acceleration; stress drop ID QUAKE-CATCHER NETWORK; 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE; GREENS-FUNCTION ANALYSIS; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; M-W; GAUSS-NEWTON; SPECTRAL DECAY; SITE RESPONSE; ATTENUATION; STRESS AB The seismic spectrum can be constructed by assuming a Brune spectral model and estimating the parameters of seismic moment (M-0), corner frequency ( f(c)), and high-frequency site attenuation (k). Using seismic data collected during the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquake sequence, we apply the non-linear least-squares Gauss-Newton method, a deterministic downhill optimization technique, to simultaneously determine the M-0, f(c), and k for each event-station pair. We fit the Brune spectral acceleration model to Fourier-transformed S-wave records following application of path and site corrections to the data. For each event, we solve for a single M-0 and f(c), while any remaining residual kappa, k(r), is allowed to differ per station record to reflect varying high-frequency falloff due to path and site attenuation. We use a parametric forward modeling method, calculating initial M-0 and fc values from the local GNS New Zealand catalog M-w, (GNS) magnitudes and measuring an initial k(r) using an automated highfrequency linear regression method. Final solutions for M-0, f(c), and k(r) are iteratively computed through minimization of the residual function, and the Brune model stress drop is then calculated from the final, best-fit f(c). We perform the spectral fitting routine on nested array seismic data that include the permanent GeoNet accelerometer network as well as a dense network of nearly 200 Quake Catcher Network (QCN) MEMs accelerometers, analyzing over 180 aftershocks M-w, (GNS) >= 3.5 that occurred from 9 September 2010 to 31 July 2011. QCN stations were hosted by public volunteers and served to fill spatial gaps between existing GeoNet stations. Moment magnitudes determined using the spectral fitting procedure (Mw, SF) range from 3.5 to 5.7 and agree well with Mw, GNS, with a median difference of 0.09 and 0.17 for GeoNet and QCN records, respectively, and 0.11 when data from both networks are combined. The majority of events are calculated to have stress drops between 1.7 and 13 MPa (20th and 80th percentile, correspondingly) for the combined networks. The overall median stress drop for the combined networks is 3.2 MPa, which is similar to median stress drops previously reported for the Canterbury sequence. We do not observe a correlation between stress drop and depth for this region, nor a relationship between stress drop and magnitude over the catalog considered. Lateral spatial patterns in stress drop, such as a cluster of aftershocks near the eastern extent of the Greendale fault with higher stress drops and lower stress drops for aftershocks of the 2011 Mw, GNS 6.2 Christchurch mainshock, are found to be in agreement with previous reports. As stress drop is arguably a method-dependent calculation and subject to high spatial variability, our results using the parametric Gauss-Newton algorithm strengthen conclusions that the Canterbury sequence has stress drops that are more similar to those found in intraplate regions, with overall higher stress drops that are typically observed in tectonically active areas. C1 [Neighbors, Corrie] Univ Calif, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Neighbors, Corrie] Western New Mexico Univ, Silver City, NM 88061 USA. [Cochran, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Ryan, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaiser, A. E.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Neighbors, C (reprint author), Univ Calif, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.; Neighbors, C (reprint author), Western New Mexico Univ, Silver City, NM 88061 USA. EM corrie.neighbors@wnmu.edu FU New Zealand Natural Hazards Platform FX We would like to thank all the volunteers who hosted sensors, without whom this research would not be possible. Additionally, we thank QCN team members, particularly Angela Chung and Carl Christensen, and the GNS team including students from Victoria University of Wellington for the quick deployment of the sensors and data capture. University of California, Riverside undergraduate student Eric Liao provided tremendous help in initial acquisition and visual inspection of the QCN data. Geologic data for New Zealand were graciously provided by David Heron from the GNS QMap group. We acknowledge the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors EQC, GNS Science and LINZ, for providing seismic data used in this study and also the support of the New Zealand Natural Hazards Platform. We thank Stephane Drouet, Dino Bindi, Adrien Oth, Sue Hough and Annemarie Baltay for constructive comments that improved the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 875 EP 893 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1445-2 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700009 ER PT J AU Ryan, KJ Oglesby, DD AF Ryan, Kenny J. Oglesby, David D. TI Modeling the Effects of a Normal-Stress-Dependent State Variable, Within the Rate-and State-Dependent Friction Framework, at Stepovers and Dip-Slip Faults SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Earthquake dynamics; computational seismology; stepover; rate-state friction; rate-strengthening; dip-slip ID DYNAMIC RUPTURE; SHEAR CRACKS; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DIPPING FAULTS; GROUND MOTION; ROCK FRICTION; EARTHQUAKES; VELOCITY; LAWS; ZONE AB The development of the rate-and state-dependent friction framework (Dieterich Appl Geophys 116: 790-806, 1978; J Geophys Res 84, 2161-2168, 1979; Ruina Friction laws and instabilities: a quasistatic analysis of some dry friction behavior, Ph. D. Thesis, Brown Univ., Providence, R. I., 1980; J Geophys Res 88: 10359-10370, 1983) includes the dependence of friction coefficient on normal stress (Linker and Dieterich J Geophys Res 97: 4923-4940, 1992); however, a direct dependence of the friction law on time-varying normal stress in dynamic stepover and dip-slip fault models has not yet been extensively explored. Using rate-and state-dependent friction laws and a 2-D dynamic finite element code (Barall J Int 178, 845-859, 2009), we investigate the effect of the Linker-Dieterich dependence of state variable on normal stress at stepovers and dip-slip faults, where normal stress should not be constant with time (e. g., Harris and Day J Geophys Res 98: 4461-4472, 1993; Nielsen Geophys Res Lett 25: 125-128, 1998). Specifically, we use the relation d psi/dt = -(alpha/sigma)(d sigma/ dt) from Linker and Dieterich (J Geophys Res 97: 4923-4940, 1992), in which a change in normal stress leads to a change in state variable of the opposite sign. We investigate a range of values for alpha, which scales the impact of the normal stress change on state, from 0 to 0.5 (laboratory values range from 0.2 to 0.56). For stepovers, we find that adding normal-stress dependence to the state variable delays or stops re-nucleation on the secondary fault segment when compared to normal-stress-independent state evolution. This inhibition of jumping rupture is due to the fact that re-nucleation along the secondary segment occurs in areas of decreased normal stress in both compressional and dilational stepovers. However, the magnitude of such an effect differs between dilational and compressional systems. Additionally, it is well known that the asymmetric geometry of reverse and normal faults can lead to greater slip and a greater peak slip rate on reverse faults than on normal faults, given the same initial conditions for each (Nielsen Geophys Res Lett 25: 125-128, 1998; Oglesby et al. Science 280: 1055-1059, 1998; Oglesby and Archuleta J Geophys Res 105: 13643-13653, 2000; Oglesby et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 90: 616-628, 2000). For dip-slip models, we find that adding the Linker-Dieterich normal stress dependence to the state variable serves to mitigate differences in peak slip rate between reverse and normal fault models. However, differences in total slip among reverse and normal fault models remain relatively unchanged. We also examine effects from initial shear stress (loading stress) and effects from incorporating a rate-strengthening zone on the uppermost portion of a reverse and a normal fault. C1 [Ryan, Kenny J.; Oglesby, David D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ryan, Kenny J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ryan, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.; Ryan, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kryan003@ucr.edu FU NSF Grant [EAR-0838464] FX The FEM earthquake rupture code (FaultMod) used in this study is documented at http://scecdata.usc.edu/cvws/download/codedesc/Barall_FaultMod_Desc.pdf. We are greatly appreciative to Michael Barall for his expertise and for his guidance in the use of the FEM code FaultMod. We thank Elizabeth Cochran and Jim Dieterich for their thoughtful discussions and helpful comments that greatly improved this study. We also thank Fabian Bonilla and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful critiques and comments that furthered this study. This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0838464. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1361 EP 1383 DI 10.1007/s00024-017-1469-2 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700041 ER PT J AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. TI Extreme Ocean Waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1519 EP 1519 DI 10.1007/s00024-017-1486-1 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700054 ER PT J AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. TI Physics of Tsunamis SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 174 IS 3 BP 1521 EP 1521 DI 10.1007/s00024-017-1488-z PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6XB UT WOS:000396834700055 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AE Tuh, F Martins, TE AF Mitchell, Adam E. Tuh, Fred Martins, Thomas E. TI BREEDING BIOLOGY OF AN ENDEMIC BORNEAN TURDID, THE FRUITHUNTER (CHLAMYDOCHAERA JEFFERYI), AND LIFE HISTORY COMPARISONS WITH TURDUS SPECIES OF THE WORLD SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian life histories; bird nests; Fruithunter; Turdidae ID ADULT MORTALITY PROBABILITY; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT RATES; NEST PREDATION RATES; TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES; TROPICAL BIRDS; GROWTH-RATES; CLUTCH-SIZE; EVOLUTION; SONGBIRDS; SELECTION AB We present the first description of the breeding biology for the Fruithunter (Chlamydochaera jefferyi), a member of the cosmopolitan family Turdidae, and a montane endemic to the tropical Asian island of Borneo. We also compile breeding biology traits from the literature to make comparisons between the Fruithunter and the thrush genus Turdus. Our comparisons indicate that Fruithunters exhibit a slower life history strategy than both tropical and north temperate Turdus. We located and monitored 42 nests in 7 years in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. The mean clutch size was 1.89 +/- 0.008 eggs, and the modal clutch size was 2 eggs. Mean' fresh egg mass was 6.15 +/- 0.13 g, representing 9.5% of adult female body mass. Average lengths of incubation and nestling periods were 14.56 +/- 0.24 and 17.83 +/- 0.31 days respectively. Only the female incubated and brooded the eggs and nestlings, but both the male and female fed nestlings. Female attentiveness during incubation was high throughout, reaching an asymptote around 85% with average on-bouts of 39.0 +/- 2.5 mins. The daily nest survival probability was 0.951 +/- 0.025, and the daily predation rate was 0.045 +/- 0.024. Female feeding rate increased as brooding effort decreased, suggesting that female feeding rate may be constrained by the need to provide heat while nestlings are unable to thermoregulate. This contrasts with the feeding behavior of males, which showed much less of an increase across the nestling period. Furthermore, we describe a new vocalization which expands the vocal repertoire for Fruithunters, and we provide a brief audio clip and spectrogram. C1 [Mitchell, Adam E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Tuh, Fred] Sabah Pk,POB 10626, Kota Kinabalu 88806, Saga, Malaysia. [Martins, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Mitchell, AE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM adamemitchell@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1241041]; University of Montana IACUC project [059-10TMMCWRU] FX Cole Wolf and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. We thank all the field assistants that helped collect field data. We also thank the Martin lab for help with development and refinement of the manuscript, as well as the undergraduate video lab for analysis of parental behavior. The audio recording was provided by J. C. Oteyza, and we would like to thank Alexis Billings and Dr. Erick Greene for assistance with the audio spectogram. Sara Williams provided both statistical and moral support. We also thank Sabah Parks and the Sabah Biodiversity Council for support with permits and additional assistance in Kinabalu Park. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1241041), and was conducted under auspices of University of Montana IACUC project #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 129 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DY UT WOS:000396646200004 ER PT J AU Simes, M Johnson, D Streit, J Longshore, K Nussear, KE Esque, TC AF Simes, Matthew Johnson, Diego Streit, Justin Longshore, Kathleen Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. TI Common Raven (Corvus corax) Kleptoparasitism at a Golden Eagle (Aquila chyrsaetos) Nest in Southern Nevada SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common Raven; Golden Eagle; kleptoparasitism; Mojave Desert; Nevada ID GYPAETUS-BARBATUS; MOJAVE DESERT; TRAIL CAMERAS; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB The Common Raven (Corvus corax) is a ubiquitous species in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada and California. From 5 to 24 May 2014, using remote trail cameras, we observed ravens repeatedly kleptoparasitizing food resources from the nest of a pair of Golden Eagles (Aquila chyrsaetos) in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada. The ravens fed on nine (30%) of the 30 prey items delivered to the nest during the chick rearing period. Kleptoparasitic behavior by the ravens decreased as the eagle nestling matured to seven weeks of age, suggesting a narrow temporal window in which ravens can successfully engage in kleptoparasitic behavior at eagle nests. The observation of kleptoparasitism by Common Ravens at the nest suggests potential risks to young Golden Eagles from Common Ravens. C1 [Simes, Matthew; Johnson, Diego; Streit, Justin; Longshore, Kathleen; Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Simes, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM msimes@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding and logistical support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Two anonymous reviewers and the editors at the Wilson Journal of Ornithology, as well as P. Medica, and S. Jones for providing constructive and insightful reviews and observations that strengthened this manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 129 IS 1 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DY UT WOS:000396646200025 ER PT J AU Pearce-Higgins, JW Brown, DJ Douglas, DJT Alves, JA Bellio, M Bocher, P Buchanan, GM Clay, RP Conklin, J Crockford, N Dann, P Elts, J Friis, C Fuller, RA Gill, JA Gosbell, K Johnson, JA Marquez-Ferrando, R Masero, JA Melville, DS Millington, S Minton, C Mundkur, T Nol, E Pehlak, H Piersma, T Robin, F Rogers, DI Ruthrauff, DR Senner, NR Shah, JN Sheldon, RD Soloviev, SA Tomkovich, PS Verkuil, YI AF Pearce-Higgins, James W. Brown, Daniel J. Douglas, David J. T. Alves, Jose A. Bellio, Mariagrazia Bocher, Pierrick Buchanan, Graeme M. Clay, Rob P. Conklin, Jesse Crockford, Nicola Dann, Peter Elts, Jaanus Friis, Christian Fuller, Richard A. Gill, Jennifer A. Gosbell, Ken Johnson, James A. Marquez-Ferrando, Rocio Masero, Jose A. Melville, David S. Millington, Spike Minton, Clive Mundkur, Taej Nol, Erica Pehlak, Hannes Piersma, Theunis Robin, Frederic Rogers, Danny I. Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Senner, Nathan R. Shah, Junid N. Sheldon, Rob D. Soloviev, Sergej A. Tomkovich, Pavel S. Verkuil, Yvonne I. TI A global threats overview for Numeniini populations: synthesising expert knowledge for a group of declining migratory birds SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID GODWIT LIMOSA-LIMOSA; BAR-TAILED GODWITS; BREEDING SUCCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YELLOW SEA; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; HABITAT QUALITY; NORTH-AMERICAN AB The Numeniini is a tribe of 13 wader species (Scolopacidae, Charadriiformes) of which seven are Near Threatened or globally threatened, including two Critically Endangered. To help inform conservation management and policy responses, we present the results of an expert assessment of the threats that members of this taxonomic group face across migratory flyways. Most threats are increasing in intensity, particularly in non-breeding areas, where habitat loss resulting from residential and commercial development, aquaculture, mining, transport, disturbance, problematic invasive species, pollution and climate change were regarded as having the greatest detrimental impact. Fewer threats (mining, disturbance, problematic native species and climate change) were identified as widely affecting breeding areas. Numeniini populations face the greatest number of non-breeding threats in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, especially those associated with coastal reclamation; related threats were also identified across the Central and Atlantic Americas, and East Atlantic flyways. Threats on the breeding grounds were greatest in Central and Atlantic Americas, East Atlantic and West Asian flyways. Three priority actions were associated with monitoring and research: to monitor breeding population trends (which for species breeding in remote areas may best be achieved through surveys at key non-breeding sites), to deploy tracking technologies to identify migratory connectivity, and to monitor land-cover change across breeding and non-breeding areas. Two priority actions were focused on conservation and policy responses: to identify and effectively protect key non-breeding sites across all flyways (particularly in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway), and to implement successful conservation interventions at a sufficient scale across human-dominated landscapes for species' recovery to be achieved. If implemented urgently, these measures in combination have the potential to alter the current population declines of many Numeniini species and provide a template for the conservation of other groups of threatened species. C1 [Pearce-Higgins, James W.] British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk IP24 2PU, England. [Pearce-Higgins, James W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Brown, Daniel J.; Douglas, David J. T.; Buchanan, Graeme M.] RSPB Scotland, Ctr Conservat Sci, 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh EH13 9DH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Aveiro, Ctr Environm & Marine Studies CESAM, Dept Biol, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Iceland, South Iceland Res Ctr, IS-800 Fjolheimar, Selfoss, Iceland. [Bellio, Mariagrazia] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 58 Kirby Flat Rd, Yackandanah, Vic 2749, Australia. [Bocher, Pierrick] ULR, CNRS, Lab Littoral Environm & Soc, UMR6250, F-17000 Rochelle, NY, France. [Clay, Rob P.] WHSRN Execut Off, Oficina Ejecutiva RHRAP, Rodriguez Francia 869, Asuncion, Paraguay. [Conklin, Jesse; Senner, Nathan R.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Crockford, Nicola] RSPB, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Dann, Peter] Res Dept, Phillip Isl Nat Pk,POB 97, Phillip Island, Vic 3922, Australia. [Elts, Jaanus] Univ Tartu, Estonian Ornithol Soc, Veski 4, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Friis, Christian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Fuller, Richard A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gill, Jennifer A.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Gosbell, Ken] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 1-19 Baldwin Rd, Blackburn, Vic 3130, Australia. [Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Marquez-Ferrando, Rocio] CSIC, Estac Biolg Donana, Dept Wetland Ecol, Avda Amer Vespucio S-N, Seville, Spain. [Masero, Jose A.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Anat Cell Biol & Zool, Avenida Elvas S-N, Badajoz 06071, Spain. [Melville, David S.] 1261 Dovedale Rd,RD 2 Wakefield, Nelson 7096, New Zealand. [Millington, Spike] EAAF Partnership Secretariat, 3F Bon Dong G Tower, Incheon 406840, South Korea. [Minton, Clive] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 165 Dalgety Rd, Beaumaris, 3193, Australia. [Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, POB 471, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Pehlak, Hannes] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, PPO POB 11103, Groningen, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Coastal Syst, NIOZ, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Utrecht, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Robin, Frederic] Ligue Protect Oiseaux, Fonderies Royales, F-17300 Rochefort, France. [Rogers, Danny I.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shah, Junid N.] Environm Agcy Abu Dhabi EAD, POB 45553AL Mamoura Bldg A Muroor RD, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Sheldon, Rob D.] RDS Conservat, 78 Riverdene Rd, Ilford IG1 2EA, England. [Soloviev, Sergej A.] Omsk State Univ, Dept Chem, St Prospect Mira 55a, Omsk 644077, Russia. [Tomkovich, Pavel S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Ornithol Zool Museum, Bolshaya Nikitskatya St 6, Moscow 125009, Russia. [Verkuil, Yvonne I.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Conservat Ecol Grp, Chair Int Wader Study Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. RP Pearce-Higgins, JW (reprint author), British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk IP24 2PU, England.; Pearce-Higgins, JW (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM james.pearce-higgins@bto.org NR 140 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 6 EP 34 DI 10.1017/S0959270916000678 PG 29 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EN9SK UT WOS:000396339700002 ER PT J AU Lee, RG Dilles, JH Tosdal, RM Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK AF Lee, Robert G. Dilles, John H. Tosdal, Richard M. Wooden, Joseph L. Mazdab, Frank K. TI Magmatic Evolution of Granodiorite Intrusions at the El Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit, Chile, Based on Trace Element Composition and U/Pb Age of Zircons SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CHILE; ICP-MS; CU-MO; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN; GRANITIC-ROCKS; BUTTE DISTRICT; ARC MAGMATISM AB Uranium-lead ages and trace element compositions of zircon from a series of shallow porphyry intrusions document the temporal, chemical, and thermal magmatic evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal porphyry Cu (Mo-Au) ores in the El Salvador district, Chile. Zircons (n = 240) from 15 Eocene age diorite, granodiorite, and granite porphyry intrusions were analyzed by SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe. The weighted means of Pb-207-corrected Pb-206/U-238 zircon ages span 3 m.y. from about 44 to 41 Ma, with peak magmatic flux at 44 to 43 Ma. The granodiorite porphyries at the Turquoise Gulch copper deposit record waning stages of magmatism at 42.5 to 42.0 Ma and were followed by postmineral latite dikes at about 41.6 Ma. Porphyry copper ores formed contemporaneously with porphyry intrusion centers that progressed temporally from north to south, from the small deposits at Cerro Pelado (similar to 44.2 Ma), Old Camp (similar to 43.6 Ma), and at M Gulch-Copper Hill (similar to 43.5-43.1 Ma) to the main ore deposit at Turquoise Gulch (similar to 42 Ma). The Eocene porphyry intrusions contain a few Mesozoic (n = 9) inherited zircons and numerous (n >= 19) antecrystic zircons about 1 to 2 m.y. older than the host intrusion that provide evidence of extensive Eocene magmatic recycling. The Ti-in-zircon geothermometer provides estimates of 890 degrees to 620 degrees C for zircon crystallization and records both core to rim cooling and locally high-temperature rim overgrowths. Most zircon in ore-related K, L, and R porphyries yields near-solidus temperatures of 750 degrees to 650 degrees C and crystallized from compositionally diverse granodiorite porphyries that are a product of crystal fractionation of hornblende, apatite, and titanite with lesser crustal contamination and mixing with high-temperature deep-sourced mafic magma. During a 3-m.y. period, porphyry intrusions tapped an evolving granodioritic magma chamber that was periodically heated, locally remelted, and mixed with mafic magma during recharge events but cooled between recharge events to evolve ore fluids. Europium anomalies (chondrite-normalized Eu-N/Eu-N*) in zircons become more pronounced with increased Hf content and cooling but display two distinct evolutionary paths: Eu-N/Eu-N* of early quartz porphyry evolves from 0.8 to 0.3, whereas the late synmineralization porphyries evolve from 0.8 to 0.65. The Eu-N/Eu-N* ratio of zircon reflects the Eu3+/Eu2+ ratio of the melt, and therefore the granodiorite porphyries at Turquoise Gulch were the most strongly oxidized of the El Salvador magmas. The strongly oxidized trend porphyry magmas at Turquoise Gulch are apparently directly linked to magmatic degassing at similar to 700 degrees C to produce large amounts of ore-forming copper, sulfur, and chlorine-enriched magmatic-hydrothermal aqueous fluids. C1 [Lee, Robert G.; Dilles, John H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lee, Robert G.; Tosdal, Richard M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tosdal, Richard M.] PicachoEx LLC, Folly Beach, SC 29439 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] 785 Nob Ridge SW, Marietta, GA 30064 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lee, RG; Dilles, JH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rlee@eos.ubc.ca; dillesj@geo.oregonstate.edu FU Exploraciones Mineras Andinas (EMA); CODELCO; Society of Economic Geologists; Freeport McMoran, Inc; The National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; Stanford University FX This project was funded in part by the Exploraciones Mineras Andinas (EMA) division of CODELCO, a 2007 Society of Economic Geologists student research grant, and a generous contribution from Freeport McMoran, Inc. The authors thank Lew Gustafson and Enrique Tidy for providing guidance, help, and the initial samples for analyses. The National Science Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey, and Stanford University provided funds and access to the SHRIMP- RG, and Barry A. Walker and Mark Ford assisted with SHRIMP- RG data acquisition. Walter Orquera, Ricard Santelices, Christian Rojas, and Eduardo Gonzalez of EMA at the El Salvador mine assisted in the collection and initial processing of the samples. The Oregon State University Volcanology, Igneous Petrology, and Economic Resources (VIPER) group, particularly Anita Grunder and Adam Kent, provided valuable critical input. We also thank David Cooke, Sebastien Meffre, and Pete Hollings for their helpful reviews of this manuscript as well as an anonymous reviewer from an earlier version of this study. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 112 IS 2 BP 245 EP 273 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5PM UT WOS:000396745200002 ER PT J AU Anderson, ED Monecke, T Hitzman, MW Zhou, W Bedrosian, PA AF Anderson, Eric D. Monecke, Thomas Hitzman, Murray W. Zhou, Wendy Bedrosian, Paul A. TI Mineral Potential Mapping in an Accreted Island-Arc Setting Using Aeromagnetic Data: An Example from Southwest Alaska SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WRANGELLIA COMPOSITE TERRANE; ALEUTIAN RANGE BATHOLITH; AU-MO DEPOSIT; NORTH-AMERICA; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN ALASKA; GOLD DEPOSITS; 3 DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTION; PEBBLE AB The distribution of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), porphyry-epithermal, Alaska-type ultramafic-mafic complexes, intrusion-related Au, and granitoid Sn-W ore deposits in southwest Alaska supports current metallogenic models linking the formation of these deposit types to the emplacement of different suites of igneous rocks during the evolution of this convergent plate margin. Regional-scale aeromagnetic data provide a continuous set of observations over the deposits and show contrasting patterns over the igneous rock suites hosting the various deposit types. Combined with surface geologic data and regional metallogenic constraints, aeromagnetic data-filtered to enhance the anomalous magnetic field and map magnetic domains-were used to produce a mineral potential map across this accreted island-arc setting. The reduced-to-pole, upward continuation, and total horizontal gradient transform maps show anomalies that could represent porphyry-epithermal deposits within the intraoceanic- and continental-arc terranes. The tilt derivative transform highlights lineaments within the back arc that may represent zones with potential for VMS deposits. The truncations of tilt derivative lineaments outline a major magnetic domain boundary between the back-arc and craton margin, which is prospective for granitoid Sn-W deposits. Annular tilt derivative highs outline granitoids that could be associated with intrusion-related Au deposits within the craton margin. Shallow, magnetite-rich Alaska-type ultramafic-mafic complexes are mapped by their short-wavelength, high-amplitude anomalies. Successful mineral potential mapping across southwestern Alaska as performed in the present study suggests that filtered aeromagnetic data can be effectively used in mineral exploration in convergent continental margin settings. C1 [Anderson, Eric D.; Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, Eric D.; Monecke, Thomas; Hitzman, Murray W.; Zhou, Wendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, 1516 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Anderson, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ericanderson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Northern Dynasty Minerals and Anglo American for access to data and logistical support for field work. TNR Gold Corp. provided drill hole information. Misac Nabighian is thanked for his assistance with the aeromagnetic data processing. Suggestions by Garth Graham, Richard Goldfarb, Karen Kelley, and Misac Nabighian helped us improve an early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to Paul Spry, Richard Lane, Dean Peterson, and Anne McCafferty for their insightful reviews. The Mineral Resource Program at the U.S. Geological Survey is thanked for providing funding through the Concealed Deposits and Mineral Deposit Models projects. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 112 IS 2 BP 375 EP 396 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5PM UT WOS:000396745200007 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Yurek, S AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Yurek, Simeon TI Spatially Explicit Modeling in Ecology: A Review SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE vegetation patterns; community ecology; population models; predator-prey interactions; food web; ecosystem ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; AGENT-BASED MODEL; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; FOREST DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION-MODELS; LANDSCAPE MODELS; EVERGLADES RESTORATION AB The use of spatially explicit models (SEMs) in ecology has grown enormously in the past two decades. One major advancement has been that fine-scale details of landscapes, and of spatially dependent biological processes, such as dispersal and invasion, can now be simulated with great precision, due to improvements in computer technology. Many areas of modeling have shifted toward a focus on capturing these fine-scale details, to improve mechanistic understanding of ecosystems. However, spatially implicit models (SIMs) have played a dominant role in ecology, and arguments have been made that SIMs, which account for the effects of space without specifying spatial positions, have an advantage of being simpler and more broadly applicable, perhaps contributing more to understanding. We address this debate by comparing SEMs and SIMs in examples from the past few decades of modeling research. We argue that, although SIMs have been the dominant approach in the incorporation of space in theoretical ecology, SEMs have unique advantages for addressing pragmatic questions concerning species populations or communities in specific places, because local conditions, such as spatial heterogeneities, organism behaviors, and other contingencies, produce dynamics and patterns that usually cannot be incorporated into simpler SIMs. SEMs are also able to describe mechanisms at the local scale that can create amplifying positive feedbacks at that scale, creating emergent patterns at larger scales, and therefore are important to basic ecological theory. We review the use of SEMs at the level of populations, interacting populations, food webs, and ecosystems and argue that SEMs are not only essential in pragmatic issues, but must play a role in the understanding of causal relationships on landscapes. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Yurek, Simeon] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science program; University of Miami McLamore Fellowship in Tropical Biology FX The Authors appreciate the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. DLD and SY were supported in part by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science program, and SY was supported in part by the University of Miami McLamore Fellowship in Tropical Biology. NR 214 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 2 BP 284 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10021-016-0066-z PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2VK UT WOS:000395868200011 ER PT J AU Woodruff, WF Lewan, MD Revil, A Torres-Verdin, C AF Woodruff, William F. Lewan, Michael D. Revil, Andre Torres-Verdin, Carlos TI Complex electrical conductivity changes associated with hydrous pyrolysis maturation of the Woodford Shale SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION; OIL-BEARING SANDS; SOURCE-ROCK; WATER; WETTABILITY; INTERFACE; FREQUENCY; KEROGEN; BITUMEN; PYRITE AB Hydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments were performed on five pairs of chert cubes from the Woodford Shale aliquots under uniaxial confinement at various prescribed thermal maturities. These thermal maturities represent each of the phases of organic-matter (OM) catagenesis under hydrous conditions: immature kerogen at low thermal stress (125 degrees C for 72 h), low and peak bitumen generation with increasing thermal stress (300 degrees C and 330 degrees C for 72 h), cracking of bitumen to oil and gas at higher thermal stresses (330 degrees C and 360 degrees C for 72 h), and cracking of some oil at the highest experimental conditions (400 degrees C for 72 h). We measured the spectra of the complex electrical conductivity tensor (in the frequency range 10 mHz to 45 kHz) of these 10 aliquots to capture the effects of thermal maturation by hydrous pyrolysis. Results indicate that surface conduction of polar-rich bitumens has a significant effect on their complex electrical conductivity. The OM of a source rock is considered a negligible cause of cation-exchange capacity (CEC), whose parameters influence surface and quadrature conductivity components of the complex electrical conductivity tensor. Part of this CEC was reactivated during the hydrous closed-system pyrolysis experiments. The conspicuous absence of a decrease in electrical conductivity with bitumen and oil generation in the chert cubes recovered from the hydrous-pyrolysis experiments does not agree with the observed increases of well-log resistivity in the natural maturation of some source rocks. Contraction of OM at the contacts with mineral grains is considered a partial cause of this discrepancy, which occurs during the cooling of the experiments to room temperature when no mechanical compaction is applied. Mineral-grain supported rocks such as the chert we studied appear to be especially prone to such a phenomenon. C1 [Woodruff, William F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Revil, Andre] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, UMR 5275, CNRS, ISTerre, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Torres-Verdin, Carlos] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Woodruff, WF (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wfwoodruff@gmail.com; mlewan@usgs.gov; andre.revil@univ-smb.fr; cverdin@austin.utexas.edu FU University of Texas at Austin's Research Consortium on Formation Evaluation; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX The authors are especially grateful to M. Miller of Cimarex for initiating this collaborative research of the USGS experimental research effort in Denver. The research was funded by the University of Texas at Austin's Research Consortium on Formation Evaluation and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Analytical work at the USGS is gratefully acknowledged with special thanks to A. Warden for gas analyses, W. Betterton for XRD mineral analysis, Z. Lowry for bitumen solvent extractions, and A. Boehlke for some of the preliminary SEM imaging. The authors also gratefully acknowledge C. Bugge and L. Canter at Whiting Petroleum for SEM images, and D. James at Weatherford for the CT scans. We thank the reviewers for their work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 82 IS 2 BP D85 EP D106 DI 10.1190/GEO2016-0279.1 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO7DU UT WOS:000396852200014 ER PT J AU White, T Bradley, D Haeussler, P Rowley, DB AF White, Tim Bradley, Dwight Haeussler, Peter Rowley, David B. TI Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Paleosols and a New Measure of the Transport Distance of Alaska's Yakutat Terrane SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARKOSE RIDGE FORMATION; SOUTHERN ALASKA; THERMAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-AMERICA; ACCRETING TERRANE; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; PUGET GROUP; CLIMATE; BOUNDARY; PRECIPITATION AB An intensely weathered paleosol representing a nearly isochronous landscape exists at many places in continental Late Paleocene-Early Eocene strata in North America. Most commonly, a single siderite spherule-bearing horizon is found, from which O-18 values were obtained to construct a paleolatitudinal gradient for Late Paleocene-Early Eocene North America. Comparison of the paleosol siderite spherule O-18 composition from the displaced Yakutat Terrane of Alaska to the North American paleolatitudinal gradient indicates that during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene the terrane existed at approximate to 44 degrees paleonorth, thus supporting hypotheses for a far-traveled terrane history. C1 [White, Tim] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bradley, Dwight; Haeussler, Peter] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rowley, David B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP White, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tsw113@psu.edu FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Scholars; US Geological Survey FX We acknowledge financial and logistical support provided by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Scholars and Mineral Resources Programs of the US Geological Survey. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 125 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1086/690198 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA EM6YO UT WOS:000395458800001 ER PT J AU Green, WR Hufhines, B AF Green, W. Reed Hufhines, Bradley TI A rare Uroglena bloom in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, spring 2015 SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Algal bloom; taste and odor; Uroglena AB Green WR, Hufhines B. 2017. A rare Uroglena bloom in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, spring 2015. Lake Reserve Manage. 33:8-13.A combination of factors triggered a Uroglena volvox bloom and taste and odor event in Beaver Lake, a water-supply reservoir in northwest Arkansas, in late April 2015. Factors contributing to the bloom included increased rainfall and runoff containing increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, followed by a stable pool, low nutrient concentrations, and an expansion of lake surface area and littoral zone. This was the first time U. volvox was identified in Beaver Lake and the first time it was recognized as a source of taste and odor. Routine water quality samples happened to be collected by the US Geological Survey and the Beaver Water District throughout the reservoir during the bloom. Higher than normal rainfall in March 2015 increased the pool elevation in Beaver Lake by 2.3m (by early April), increased the surface area by 10%, and increased the littoral zone by 1214 ha; these conditions persisted for 38days, resulting from flood water being retained behind the dam. Monitoring programs that cover a wide range of reservoir features, including dissolved organic carbon, zooplankton, and phytoplankton, are valuable in explaining unusual events such as this Uroglena bloom. C1 [Green, W. Reed] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Hufhines, Bradley] Beaver Water Dist, POB 400, Lowell, AR 72745 USA. RP Green, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM wrgreen@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1080/10402381.2016.1238427 PG 6 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EN5JZ UT WOS:000396042900002 ER PT J AU Harris, TD Graham, JL AF Harris, Ted D. Graham, Jennifer L. TI Predicting cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin, and geosmin in a eutrophic drinking-water reservoir using a 14-year dataset SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Cubist modeling; cyanobacteria; drinking water; geosmin; microcystin; non-linear models ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; BLOOMS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; DOMINANCE; DYNAMICS; TASTE AB Harris TD, Graham JL. 2017. Predicting cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin, and geosmin in a eutrophic drinking-water reservoir using a 14-year dataset. Lake Reserve Manage. 33:32-48.Cyanobacterial blooms degrade water quality in drinking water supply reservoirs by producing toxic and taste-and-odor causing secondary metabolites, which ultimately cause public health concerns and lead to increased treatment costs for water utilities. There have been numerous attempts to create models that predict cyanobacteria and their secondary metabolites, most using linear models; however, linear models are limited by assumptions about the data and have had limited success as predictive tools. Thus, lake and reservoir managers need improved modeling techniques that can accurately predict large bloom events that have the highest impact on recreational activities and drinking-water treatment processes. In this study, we compared 12 unique linear and nonlinear regression modeling techniques to predict cyanobacterial abundance and the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites microcystin and geosmin using 14years of physiochemical water quality data collected from Cheney Reservoir, Kansas. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), boosted tree (BT), and Cubist modeling techniques were the most predictive of the compared modeling approaches. SVM, RF, and BT modeling techniques were able to successfully predict cyanobacterial abundance, microcystin, and geosmin concentrations <60,000 cells/mL, 2.5 mu g/L, and 20ng/L, respectively. Only Cubist modeling predicted maxima concentrations of cyanobacteria and geosmin; no modeling technique was able to predict maxima microcystin concentrations. Because maxima concentrations are a primary concern for lake and reservoir managers, Cubist modeling may help predict the largest and most noxious concentrations of cyanobacteria and their secondary metabolites. C1 [Harris, Ted D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Harris, TD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM t992h557@ku.edu FU USGS Cooperative Matching Funds Program; City of Wichita; University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship FX We thank the USGS Cooperative Matching Funds Program, the City of Wichita, and the University of Kansas Self Graduate Fellowship for providing funding for this research. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1080/10402381.2016.1263694 PG 17 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EN5JZ UT WOS:000396042900005 ER PT J AU Madsen, J Williams, JH Johnson, FA Tombre, IM Dereliev, S Kuijken, E AF Madsen, Jesper Williams, James Henty Johnson, Fred A. Tombre, Ingunn M. Dereliev, Sergey Kuijken, Eckhart TI Implementation of the first adaptive management plan for a European migratory waterbird population: The case of the Svalbard pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Adaptive harvest management; Human-wildlife conflict; Population target; Stakeholder involvement; Structured decision-making; Tundra degradation ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; GEESE; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; SITE AB An International Species Management Plan for the Svalbard population of the pink-footed goose was adopted under the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds in 2012, the first case of adaptive management of a migratory waterbird population in Europe. An international working group (including statutory agencies, NGO representatives and experts) agreed on objectives and actions to maintain the population in favourable conservation status, while accounting for biodiversity, economic and recreational interests. Agreements include setting a population target to reduce agricultural conflicts and avoid tundra degradation, and using hunting in some range states to maintain stable population size. As part of the adaptive management procedures, adjustment to harvest is made annually subject to population status. This has required streamlining of monitoring and assessment activities. Three years after implementation, indicators suggest the attainment of management results. Dialogue, consensus-building and engagement among stakeholders represent the major process achievements. C1 [Madsen, Jesper; Williams, James Henty] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Grenavej 14, DK-8410 Kalo, Ronde, Denmark. [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Tombre, Ingunn M.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Arctic Ecol Dept, Fram Ctr, POB 6606, Tromso, Norway. [Dereliev, Sergey] African Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement, UNEP AEWA Secretariat, UN Campus,Pl Vereinten Nationen 1, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. [Kuijken, Eckhart] Res Inst Nat & Forest INBO, Ghent, Belgium. [Kuijken, Eckhart] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Ghent, Belgium. [Kuijken, Eckhart] Lindeveld 4, B-8730 Beernem, Belgium. RP Madsen, J (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Grenavej 14, DK-8410 Kalo, Ronde, Denmark. EM jm@bios.au.dk; jhw@bios.au.dk; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Ingunn.Tombre@nina.no; sergey.dereliev@unep-aewa.org; eckhart.kuijken@scarlet.be FU Aarhus University (Danish Centre for Environment and Energy); Norwegian Environment Agency; Danish Nature Agency; Vlaamse Overheid; Agentschap Natuur Bos; US Geological Survey; Norwegian Research Councils [230329/E40] FX We are extremely grateful for the cooperation with the members and observers of the AEWA Pink-footed Goose International Working Group convened to coordinate the implementation of the international management plan for the species. This research received funding from Aarhus University (Danish Centre for Environment and Energy), the Norwegian Environment Agency, the Danish Nature Agency, Vlaamse Overheid, Agentschap Natuur & Bos, the US Geological Survey, the Norwegian Research Councils (project Geese Beyond Borders, contract No. 230329/E40) and 15. Juni Fonden (project Forbedret Gasejagt). Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 2017 VL 46 SU 2 SI SI BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s13280-016-0888-0 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2CB UT WOS:000395122900010 PM 28215011 ER PT J AU Hannah, L Steele, M Fung, E Imbach, P Flint, L Flint, A AF Hannah, Lee Steele, Marc Fung, Emily Imbach, Pablo Flint, Lorriane Flint, Alan TI Climate change influences on pollinator, forest, and farm interactions across a climate gradient SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CROP POLLINATION; TROPICAL FOREST; BEE ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; SERVICES; AGROECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; DROUGHT AB Climate impact models are often implemented at horizontal resolutions ("scales") too coarse to be readily applied in local impact assessments. However, recent advancements in fine-scale modeling are allowing the creation of impact models that can be applied to landscape-scale adaptation planning. Here, we illustrate the use of fine-scale impact models for landscape-scale adaptation planning of pollination services for six sites in Central America. The strategies include the identification of (1) potential reservoir areas that may retain bee diversity and serve as a source of recolonization after climate shocks such as droughts; and (2) potential restoration areas, where improving forest cover is likely to lead to increases in pollinator services both in the present and in the future. Coarse-scale (> 1-km horizontal resolution) climatic controls on pollinator diversity and forest cover determine the general location of these areas in our six landscapes. Fine-scale (< 100-m horizontal resolution) variation in climatic water deficit provides an index of forest health which can help identify intervention strategies within these zones. All sites have significant areas in which protecting or restoring forest cover is likely to enhance pollination services. The gradient in rainfall change across the study sites dictates choice of adaptation strategies. C1 [Hannah, Lee] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci, Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Steele, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. [Fung, Emily] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Turrialba 30501, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Imbach, Pablo] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Climate Change Program, Environm Modeling Lab, Turrialba 30501, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Flint, Lorriane; Flint, Alan] US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hannah, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci, Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM lhannah@conservation.org FU Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science at Conservation International FX This study was conducted as part of the CASCADE project ("Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America"). This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (ICI). The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. We thank the Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science at Conservation International for providing funds for open access. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2017 VL 141 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1868-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM3GC UT WOS:000395201500005 ER PT J AU Sikes, DS Bowser, M Morton, JM Bickford, C Meierotto, S Hildebrandt, K AF Sikes, Derek S. Bowser, Matthew Morton, John M. Bickford, Casey Meierotto, Sarah Hildebrandt, Kyndall TI Building a DNA barcode library of Alaska's non-marine arthropods SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE DNA barcoding; inventory; monitoring; Arthropoda; biodiversity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOME SHIFT; LIFE; BIODIVERSITY AB Climate change may result in ecological futures with novel species assemblages, trophic mismatch, and mass extinction. Alaska has a limited taxonomic workforce to address these changes. We are building a DNA barcode library to facilitate a metabarcoding approach to monitoring non-marine arthropods. Working with the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, we obtained DNA barcodes from recently collected and authoritatively identified specimens in the University of Alaska Museum (UAM) Insect Collection and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge collection. We submitted tissues from 4776 specimens, of which 81% yielded DNA barcodes representing 1662 species and 1788 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), of primarily terrestrial, large-bodied arthropods. This represents 84% of the species available for DNA barcoding in the UAM Insect Collection. There are now 4020 Alaskan arthropod species represented by DNA barcodes, after including all records in Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) of species that occur in Alaska- i.e., 48.5% of the 8277 Alaskan, non-marine-arthropod, named species have associated DNA barcodes. An assessment of the identification power of the library in its current state yielded fewer species-level identifications than expected, but the results were not discouraging. We believe we are the first to deliberately begin development of a DNA barcode library of the entire arthropod fauna for a North American state or province. Although far from complete, this library will become increasingly valuable as more species are added and costs to obtain DNA sequences fall. C1 [Sikes, Derek S.; Bickford, Casey; Meierotto, Sarah; Hildebrandt, Kyndall] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bowser, Matthew; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 2139, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Meierotto, Sarah] Univ Kentucky, S-225 Agr Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Sikes, DS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dssikes@alaska.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Region NWRS Inventory and Monitoring Initiative; Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Wildlife Diversity Program; Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute in support of the International Barcode of Life project FX We thank the 164 entomologists and arachnologists who identified specimens from which we obtained or attempted to obtain DNA barcodes, including those who obtained DNA barcodes from UAM or KNWR specimens as part of their own projects: J. Acorn, R. Anderson, G. Anweiler, A. Asmus, G. Ball, K. Barber, J. Barnes, C. Bartlett, A. Bennett, J. Bergdhal, E. Bernard, G. Blagoev, D. Bogan, R. Borth, P. Bouchard, C. Boudreault, F. Brodo, S. Brooks, D. Buckle, C. Buddle, M. Buffington, J. Campbell, J. Carpenter, P. Catling, S. Chatzimanolis, S. Chuluunbat, A. Cline, D. Collet, C. Coon, J. Cornell, S. Cover, R. Crawford, J. Cumming, D. Currie, K. Daly, R. Darsie, R. Davidson, A. Davies, G. Delvare, C. Dietrich, H. Douglas, M. Draney, T. Ekrem, S. Emmert, T. Eskelin, J.- L. Fernandez Triana, M. Ferrer- Suay, C. Ferris, M. Ferro, A. Finnamore, B. Fisher, A. Fjellberg, B. Fleshman, O. Flint, B. Foote, A. Francoeur, Z. Fric, M. Furniss, J. Goodwin, H. Goulet, D. Guinn, A. Hagerty, K. Hamilton, H. Hammond, E. Hoebeke, J. Hudson, P. Huemer, S. Huguet, O. Jaeger, K. Johnson, P. Johnson, J. Johnson, D. Kavanaugh, J. Klimaszewski, S. Klopfstein, J. Koch, V. Kolyada, J. Kruse, J. LaBonte, J. Lafontaine, J.- F. Landry, R. Leschen, T. Lewis, S. Lingafelter, M. Locke, I. MacDougall, T. MacRae, D. Maddison, J. Martin, L. Masner, W. Mathis, H. Maw, T. McElrath, I. Meijer Drees, V. Michelsen, Y. Mikhailov, E. Mockford, K. Moran, L. Mullen, E. Munroe, W. Murphy, P. Naskrecki, A. Newton, J. Noyes, C. O'Brien, L. O'Brien, M. Olmi, P. Opler, B. Owens, L. Packer, R. Pampell, M. Paulsen, S. Peek, P. Perkins, K. Philip, K. Pike, D. Pollock, F. Purrington, A. Ramsdale, A. Ray, A. Renaud, K. Renner, S. Ridling, E. Riley, J. Rivera, J. Rohacek, W. Rucker, D. Ruiter, J. Runyon, D. Saltmarsh, M. Schwartz, G. Scudder, D. Shain, M. Sharkey, A. Shavrin, C. Sheffield, R. Shelley, B. Sinclair, P. Skelley, J. Skevington, J. Slowik, A. Smetana, D. Smith, P. Stary, G. Steck, K. Stewart, J. Stockbridge, M. Sutou, M. Thayer, M. Thomas, F. Thompson, L. Toledano, E. Trainor, J. Vockeroth, R. Westcott, T. Whitworth, J. Willacker, P. Williams, S. Wise-Eagle, T. Woldstad, N. Woodley, D. Wrase, A. Young, and C. Young. We also thank the staff of the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, for conducting molecular laboratory work, and Dusty McDonald for programming support with Arctos. We thank all the wonderful laboratory technicians who helped with specimen preparation. Funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Region NWRS Inventory and Monitoring Initiative, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Wildlife Diversity Program. Sequence analysis was aided by funding from the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute in support of the International Barcode of Life project NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAR PY 2017 VL 60 IS 3 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1139/gen-2015-0203 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EN5XM UT WOS:000396079100007 PM 28106469 ER PT J AU Toomey, MR Ashton, AD Raymo, ME Perron, JT AF Toomey, Michael R. Ashton, Andrew D. Raymo, Maureen E. Perron, J. Taylor TI Reply to: Terry, J. and Goff, J. comment on "Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls" by Toomey et al. (2016), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 451: 73-83. SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSIGHTS; HISTORY; REEF C1 [Toomey, Michael R.] Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Toomey, Michael R.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ashton, Andrew D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS 22,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Raymo, Maureen E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Perron, J. Taylor] MIT, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Toomey, MR (reprint author), Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.; Toomey, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mtoomey@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 469 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.028 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EN4DA UT WOS:000395956800013 ER PT J AU Wilson, DJ Lyver, PO Greene, TC Whitehead, AL Dugger, KM Karl, BJ Barringer, JRF McGarry, R Pollard, AM Ainley, DG AF Wilson, Deborah J. Lyver, Philip O'B Greene, Terry C. Whitehead, Amy L. Dugger, Katie M. Karl, Brian J. Barringer, James R. F. McGarry, Roger Pollard, Annie M. Ainley, David G. TI South Polar Skua breeding populations in the Ross Sea assessed from demonstrated relationship with Ad,lie Penguin numbers SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distance sampling; Environmental change; Pygoscelis adeliae; Seabirds; South Polar Skua; Stercorarius maccormicki ID CATHARACTA-MACCORMICKI; ADELIE PENGUIN; BROWN SKUAS; ANTARCTICA; ISLAND; PENINSULA; DESIGN; MODEL; BIRD; SIZE AB In the Ross Sea region, most South Polar Skuas (Stercorarius maccormicki) nest near Ad,lie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies, preying and scavenging on fish, penguins, and other carrion. To derive a relationship to predict skua numbers from better-quantified penguin numbers, we used distance sampling to estimate breeding skua numbers within 1000 m of 5 penguin nesting locations (Cape Crozier, Cape Royds, and 3 Cape Bird locations) on Ross Island in 3 consecutive years. Estimated numbers of skua breeding pairs were highest at Cape Crozier (270,000 penguin pairs; 1099 and 1347 skua pairs in 2 respective years) and lowest at Cape Royds (3000 penguin pairs; 45 skua pairs). The log-log linear relationship (R (2) = 0.98) between pairs of skuas and penguins was highly significant, and most historical estimates of skua and penguin numbers in the Ross Sea were within 95 % prediction intervals of the regression. Applying our regression model to current Ad,lie Penguin colony sizes at 23 western Ross Sea locations predicted that 4635 pairs of skuas now breed within 1000 m of penguin colonies in the Ross Island metapopulation (including Beaufort Island) and northern Victoria Land. We estimate, using published skua estimates for elsewhere in Antarctica, that the Ross Sea South Polar Skua population comprises similar to 50 % of the world total, although this may be an overestimate because of incomplete data elsewhere. To improve predictions and enable measurement of future skua population change, we recommend additional South Polar Skua surveys using consistent distance-sampling methods at penguin colonies of a range of sizes. C1 [Wilson, Deborah J.] Landcare Res, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Lyver, Philip O'B; Karl, Brian J.; Barringer, James R. F.] Landcare Res, POB 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Greene, Terry C.] Dept Conservat, Private Bag 4715, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Whitehead, Amy L.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, 10 Kyle St, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McGarry, Roger] POB 57-021, Auckland 1025, New Zealand. [Pollard, Annie M.] 247 South 2nd St, Coos Bay, OR 97420 USA. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates Ecol Consultants, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Wilson, DJ (reprint author), Landcare Res, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM wilsond@landcareresearch.co.nz FU contestable Grants [C01X1226, C01X1001]; New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group; New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries [MPI17238-S01-LC]; New Zealand Department of Conservation (Science and Capability); U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0944411] FX We thank G. Barclay, J. Whitehead, Q. Barr-Glintborg and R. Hunter for assistance in the field, K. Drew for data compilation, Antarctica New Zealand and the U.S. Antarctic Program for logistical support, and the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries' Antarctic Fisheries Working Group for discussions. We are grateful to W. Fraser and E. Woehler for insights into skuas and penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctic regions, respectively; W. Fraser of the Palmer LTER also provided unpublished data on skua numbers in the middle portion of the Antarctic Peninsula. Similarly, we thank C. Harris for access to the Important Bird Areas data base to check on our gleaning of the literature for skua numbers in the Antarctic Peninsula. We thank reviewers and editors for their valuable comments on previous versions of this paper. This research was conducted in compliance with New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Preliminary Environmental Evaluation Notification/Permits (K121-1112; K121-1213 and K122-1415-A). It was supported by contestable Grants (C01X1226 and C01X1001) and core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group, by the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI17238-S01-LC), by the New Zealand Department of Conservation (Science and Capability), and by Grant ANT-0944411 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 40 IS 3 BP 577 EP 592 DI 10.1007/s00300-016-1980-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2WR UT WOS:000395177000007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Brockmann, HJ Beekey, MA King, TL Millard, MJ Zaldivar-Rae, J AF Smith, David R. Brockmann, H. Jane Beekey, Mark A. King, Timothy L. Millard, Michael J. Zaldivar-Rae, Jaime TI Conservation status of the American horseshoe crab, (Limulus polyphemus): a regional assessment SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Limulus polyphemus; Species status assessment; Horseshoe crab; Limulus amebocyte lysate; Xiphosurida; Living fossil ID BIOMEDICAL BLEEDING PROCESS; GRAIN-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; MALE MATING TACTICS; DELAWARE-BAY; CAPE-COD; PLEASANT BAY; NEW-JERSEY; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AB Horseshoe crabs have persisted for more than 200 million years, and fossil forms date to 450 million years ago. The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), one of four extant horseshoe crab species, is found along the Atlantic coastline of North America ranging from Alabama to Maine, USA with another distinct population on the coasts of Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo in the Yucatan Peninsula, M,xico. Although the American horseshoe crab tolerates broad environmental conditions, exploitation and habitat loss threaten the species. We assessed the conservation status of the American horseshoe crab by comprehensively reviewing available scientific information on its range, life history, genetic structure, population trends and analyses, major threats, and conservation. We structured the status assessment by six genetically-informed regions and accounted for sub-regional differences in environmental conditions, threats, and management. The transnational regions are Gulf of Maine (USA), Mid-Atlantic (USA), Southeast (USA), Florida Atlantic (USA), Northeast Gulf of M,xico (USA), and Yucatan Peninsula (M,xico). Our conclusion is that the American horseshoe crab species is vulnerable to local extirpation and that the degree and extent of risk vary among and within the regions. The risk is elevated in the Gulf of Maine region due to limited and fragmented habitat. The populations of horseshoe crabs in the Mid-Atlantic region are stable in the Delaware Bay area, and regulatory controls are in place, but the risk is elevated in the New England area as evidenced by continuing declines understood to be caused by over-harvest. The populations of horseshoe crabs in the Southeast region are stable or increasing. The populations of horseshoe crabs in the Florida Atlantic region show mixed trends among areas, and continuing population reductions at the embayment level have poorly understood causes. Within the Northeast Gulf of Mexico, causes of population trends are poorly understood and currently there is no active management of horseshoe crabs. Horseshoe crabs within M,xico have conservation protection based on limited and fragmented habitat and geographic isolation from other regions, but elevated risk applies to the horseshoe crabs in the Yucatan Peninsula region until sufficient data can confirm population stability. Future species status throughout its range will depend on the effectiveness of conservation to mitigate habitat loss and manage for sustainable harvest among and within regions. C1 [Smith, David R.; King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Brockmann, H. Jane] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Beekey, Mark A.] Sacred Heart Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fairfield, CT USA. [Millard, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA USA. [Zaldivar-Rae, Jaime] Anahuac Mayab Univ, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov NR 240 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 BP 135 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s11160-016-9461-y PG 41 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1JA UT WOS:000394375300007 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Halstead, B Kohl, J Yarris, G AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Halstead, Brian Kohl, Jeffrey Yarris, Gregory TI Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Mortality and Recovery Rates Vary by Wing Molt Status at Time of Banding SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; banding; California; Mallard; molt; recovery; survival ID FEMALE MALLARDS; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL AB Recovery (i.e., shot, retrieved, and reported) rates and daily mortality risk of 52,330 adult Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) leg-banded during pre-molt, in-molt, or post-molt during 1985-2011 were evaluated to better understand mortality during wing molt in dynamics of the Mallard population in California, USA. Recovery rates and non-hunting mortality risk varied by molt status at time of banding and California region where banded. Mallards banded during post-molt were 1.22 (95% credible interval = 1.10-1.32) times more likely to be recovered than Mallards banded pre-molt; recovery probability was similar for pre-molt and in-molt Mallards. Mallards banded post-molt had 0.43 (0.17-0.98) and in-molt 0.87 (0.51-1.49) times the daily risk of non-hunting mortality as Mallards banded pre-molt. Mallards were 0.92 (0.86-0.98) times as likely to be recovered, and daily risk of non-hunting mortality was 2.93 (1.794.94) times greater, if banded in Northeastern California than in California's Central Valley. Results indicate that high mortality during the molt period, especially in Northeastern California where most Mallards that breed in California molt, might be negatively affecting recovery (and potentially annual survival) of Mallards in California. Thus, conservation programs that reduce mortality during molt could help attain the desired population size for Mallards nesting in California. C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Halstead, Brian; Kohl, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Yarris, Gregory] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Valley Joint Venture, 2800 Cottage Way W-1916, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Central Valley Joint Venture FX Almost all Mallards were banded by the California Waterfowl Association and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; banding was permitted and banding data were provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab. Molt-status information was provided by M. Carpenter, M. Wolder, D. Loughman, D. Mauser, J. Beckstrand, and D. Thomson. M. Herzog helped acquire banding data from the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab. M. Farinha and W. Perry provided data and GIS support. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Central Valley Joint Venture. M. Herzog and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. Procedures were part of a study plan approved by U.S. Geological Survey. All applicable ethical guidelines for use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EN4EM UT WOS:000395960800004 ER PT J AU Burrows, JE Cravotta, CA Peters, SC AF Burrows, Jill E. Cravotta, Charles A., III Peters, Stephen C. TI Enhanced Al and Zn removal from coal-mine drainage during rapid oxidation and precipitation of Fe oxides at near-neutral pH SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PHREEQC modeling; Fe oxidation kinetics; CO2 outgassing; Metals adsorption; Coprecipitation; Carbonate complexing ID DUCKTOWN MINING DISTRICT; FE(II) OXIDATION; DISSOLVED METALS; MANGANESE OXIDE; NET ALKALINITY; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-METALS; IRON AB Net-alkaline, anoxic coal-mine drainage containing similar to 20 mg/L Fe-II and similar to 0.05 mg/L Al and Zn was subjected to parallel batch experiments: control, aeration (Aer 1 12.6 mL/s;.Aer 2 16.8 mL/s; Aer 3 25.0 mils), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to test the hypothesis that aeration increases pH, Fell oxidation, hydrous Fe-II oxide (HFO) formation, and trace-metal removal through adsorption and coprecipitation with HFO. During 5.5-hr field experiments, pH increased from 6.4 to 6.7, 7.1, 7.6, and 8.1 for the control, Aer 1, Aer 2, and Aer 3, respectively, but decreased to 6.3 for the H2O2 treatment. Aeration accelerated removal of dissolved CO2, Fe, Al, and Zn. In Aer 3, dissolved Al was completely removed within 1 h, but increased to similar to 20% of the initial concentration after 2.5 h when pH exceeded 7.5. H2O2 promoted rapid removal of all dissolved Fe and AI, and 13% of dissolved Zn. Kinetic modeling with PHREEQC simulated effects of aeration on pH, CO2, Fe, Zn, and AL Aeration enhanced Zn adsorption by increasing pH and HFO formation while decreasing aqueous CO2 available to form ZnCOR and Zn(CO3)(2)(2-) at high pH. Al concentrations were inconsistent with solubility control by Al minerals or Al-containing HFO, but could be simulated by adsorption on HFO at pH < 7.5 and desorption at higher pH where Al(OH)4 was predominant. Thus, aeration or chemical oxidation with pH adjustment to similar to 7.5 could be effective for treating high -Fe and moderate-Zn concentrations, whereas chemical oxidation without pH adjustment may be effective for treating high-Fe and moderate-Al concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burrows, Jill E.; Peters, Stephen C.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Cravotta, Charles A., III] Pennsylvania Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Burrows, JE (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM burrowsjille@gmail.com FU USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Schuylkill Conservation District [13ENPAGELLOYC] FX The authors would like to thank the USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and the Schuylkill Conservation District for funding this project under joint-funding agreement number 13ENPAGELLOYC, and Julia Grace Klinges formerly of Haverford College and Daniel G. Galeone of USGS for assistance in the field and laboratory. Helpful reviews of an early draft of the manuscript were provided by Zoltan NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 78 BP 194 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.12.019 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM8ZC UT WOS:000395599500018 ER PT J AU Schumann, RR Zielinski, RA Otton, JK Pantea, MP Orem, WH AF Schumann, R. Randall Zielinski, Robert A. Otton, James K. Pantea, Michael P. Orem, William H. TI Uranium delivery and uptake in a montane wetland, north-central Colorado, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Wetland; Peat; Groundwater ID ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; ANTHROPOGENIC ENRICHMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PEAT PROFILES; HUMIC ACIDS; GEOCHEMISTRY; SWITZERLAND; REDUCTION; THORIUM; MATTER AB Comprehensive sampling of peat, underlying lakebed sediments, and coexisting waters of a naturally uraniferous montane wetland are combined with hydrologic measurements to define the important controls on uranium (U) supply and uptake. The major source of U to the wetland is groundwater flowing through locally fractured and faulted granite gneiss of Proterozoic age. Dissolved U concentrations in four springs and one seep ranged from 20 to 83 ppb (mu g/l). Maximum U concentrations are similar to 300 ppm (mg/kg) in lakebed sediments and >3000 ppm in peat. Uranium in lakebed sediments is primarily stratabound in the more organic-rich layers, but samples of similar organic content display variable U concentrations. Post-depositional modifications include variable addition's of U delivered by groundwater. Uranium distribution in peat is heterogeneous and primarily controlled by proximity to groundwater-fed springs and seeps that act as local point sources of U, and by proximity to groundwater directed along the peat/lakebeds contact. Uranium is initially sorbed on various organic components of peat as oxidized U(VI) present in groundwater. Selective extractions indicate that the majority of sorbed U remains as the oxidized species despite reducing conditions that should favor formation of U(IV). Possible explanations are kinetic hindrances related to strong complex formation between uranyl and humic substances, inhibition of anaerobic bacterial activity by low supply of dissolved iron and sulfate, and by cold temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schumann, R. Randall; Zielinski, Robert A.; Otton, James K.; Pantea, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Schumann, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rschumann@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 78 BP 363 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.001 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM8ZC UT WOS:000395599500034 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Rattenbury, KL Robison, HL Gorn, TS Shults, BS AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Rattenbury, Kumi L. Robison, Hillary L. Gorn, Tony S. Shults, Brad S. TI Using non-invasive mark-resight and sign occupancy surveys to monitor low-density brown bear populations across large landscapes SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Brown bear; Den survey; Landscape scale; Mark-recapture; Occupancy; Photographic marks; Population monitoring; Rare species ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; LINE-TRANSECT; CAMERA-TRAP; DNA DATA; INFERENCE; CARNIVORE; INDIA AB Reliable assessments of low-density carnivore populations such as brown bears Ursus arctos are often limited by a lack of sufficient information for strong inference at appropriate scales. Standard approaches often rely on physical marking of individuals or the use of inherently field-intensive hair-snag or distance sampling techniques. Although these tools are very useful, logistical and monetary costs often limit their successful application, particularly in large, remote areas. We developed a novel photographic mark-resight approach using physical characteristics and spatial locations of individual brown bears to temporarily mark individuals over a short revisit interval. We applied this approach along with site-occupancy techniques to evaluate a low-density brown bear population in northwestern Alaska. Based on the mark-resight approach, we estimated there were 420 [95% CrI:274-650] independent and 713 [95% CrI:474-1070] total brown bears in our 19,998 km(2) study area. When expressed as densities, these estimates were consistent with those of other low-density populations from the surrounding area. Estimated den and bear site-occupancy rates were similar, 0.48 [95% CrI:0.37-0.63] and 0.40 [95% CrI;028-0.55], respectively. Close congruence among occupancy and abundance estimates supported the robustness of our new mark-resight approach and provided additional metrics for population monitoring. Together, these parallel metrics provide a general framework for monitoring low density populations of brown bears and other rare carnivores when physical marking or intensive survey techniques are impractical. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Rattenbury, Kumi L.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Robison, Hillary L.] Natl Pk Serv, Western Arctic Natl Parklands, POB 1029, Kotzebue, AK 99752 USA. [Gorn, Tony S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, POB 1148, Nome, AK 99752 USA. [Shults, Brad S.] Natl Pk Serv, Western Arctic Natl Parklands, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Shults, Brad S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird, 1011 East Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM joshua_schmidt@nps.gov FU Western Arctic Parklands; U.S. National Park Service's Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX Funding for this project was provided by Western Arctic Parklands, the U.S. National Park Service's Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank pilots C. Cebulski, J. Cummings, J. Dau, A. Greenblatt, S. Hamilton, J. Lee, D. Sheldon, E. Sieh, and M. Wade and observers A. Ackerman, B. Dunker, L. Hughes, M. Johnson, A. Lewis, R. Nichols, B. Saito, and C. Sieh. We also thank). Lawler and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. National Park Service. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 207 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.01.005 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM8ZU UT WOS:000395601400006 ER PT J AU Cupp, AR Erickson, RA Fredricks, KT Swyers, NM Hatton, TW Amberg, JJ AF Cupp, Aaron R. Erickson, Richard A. Fredricks, Kim T. Swyers, Nicholas M. Hatton, Tyson W. Amberg, Jon J. TI Responses of invasive silver and bighead carp to a carbon dioxide barrier in outdoor ponds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ASIAN CARP; ILLINOIS RIVER; FISH; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; DETER; LAKES; SIZE; USA AB Resource managers need effective methods to prevent the movement of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) from the Mississippi River basin into the Laurentian Great Lakes. In this study, we evaluated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as a barrier and deterrent to silver (278 +/- 30.5 mm) and bighead (212 +/- 7.7 mm) carp movement in continuous-flow outdoor ponds. As a barrier, CO2 significantly reduced upstream movement but was not 100% effective at blocking fish passage. As a deterrent, we observed a significant shift away from areas of high CO2 relative to normal movement before and after injection. Carbon dioxide concentrations varied across the pond during injection and reached maximum concentrations of 74.5 +/- 1.9 mg .L-1 CO2; 29 532 -41 393 mu atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) at the site of injection during three independent trials. We conclude that CO2 altered silver and bighead carp movement in outdoor ponds and recommend further research to determine barrier effectiveness during field applications. C1 [Cupp, Aaron R.; Erickson, Richard A.; Fredricks, Kim T.; Amberg, Jon J.] Upper Mildwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Swyers, Nicholas M.; Hatton, Tyson W.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 5501A Cook-Under Road, Cook, WI 98605 USA. RP Cupp, AR (reprint author), Upper Mildwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM acupp@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW14-92404001] FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Agreement No. DW14-92404001). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0472 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000003 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Hook, TO Troy, CD Liu, WT Madenjian, CP Adams, JV AF Bunnell, David B. Hook, Tomas O. Troy, Cary D. Liu, Wentao Madenjian, Charles P. Adams, Jean V. TI Testing for synchrony in recruitment among four Lake Michigan fish species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; LARVAL YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; RAINBOW SMELT; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; WATER LEVELS AB In the Great Lakes region, multiple fish species display intraspecific spatial synchrony in recruitment success, with interannual climate variation hypothesized as the most likely driver. In Lake Michigan, we evaluated whether climatic or other physical variables could also induce spatial synchrony across multiple species, including bloater (Coregonus hoyi), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). The residuals from stock-recruitment relationships revealed yellow perch recruitment to be correlated with recruitment of both rainbow smelt (r = 0.37) and alewife (r = 0.36). Across all four species, higher than expected recruitment occurred in 5 years between 1978 and 1987 and then switched to lower than expected recruitment in 5 years between 1996 and 2004. Generalized additive models revealed warmer spring and summer water temperatures and lower wind speeds corresponded to higher than expected recruitment for the nearshorespawning species, and overall variance explained ranged from 14% (yellow perch) to 61% (alewife). For all species but rainbow smelt, higher recruitment also occurred in extremely high or low years of the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Future development of indices that describe the physical Great Lakes environment could improve understanding of how climate can synchronize fish populations within and across species. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Adams, Jean V.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Us Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hook, Tomas O.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, 374 Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 61801 USA. [Troy, Cary D.; Liu, Wentao] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Us Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission's theme on Physical Processes and Fish Recruitment in Large Lakes FX We acknowledge the hard work of previous scientists, technicians, and vessel crew in maintaining this long-term federal monitoring of Lake Michigan's fish community. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Mark Vinson and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that substantially improved this paper. This work was supported, in part, by funding provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's theme on Physical Processes and Fish Recruitment in Large Lakes. This article is Contribution 2070 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and Contribution 1631 of Purdue's Climate Change Research Center. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0534 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000004 ER PT J AU Dzul, MC Yackulic, CB Korman, J Yard, MD Muehlbauer, JD AF Dzul, M. C. Yackulic, C. B. Korman, J. Yard, M. D. Muehlbauer, J. D. TI Incorporating temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions into a somatic growth model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED HUMPBACK CHUB; COD GADUS-MORHUA; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; EXPLANATORY VARIABLES; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; JUVENILE FISH AB Evaluating environmental effects on fish growth can be challenging because environmental conditions may vary at relatively fine temporal scales compared with sampling occasions. Here we develop a Bayesian state-space growth model to evaluate effects of monthly environmental data on growth of fish that are observed less frequently (e. g., from mark-recapture data where time between captures can range from months to years). Weassess effects of temperature, turbidity, food availability, flow variability, and trout abundance on subadult humpback chub (Gila cypha) growth in two rivers, the Colorado River (CR) and the Little Colorado River (LCR), and we use out-of-sample prediction to rank competing models. Environmental covariates explained a high proportion of the variation in growth in both rivers; however, the best growth models were river-specific and included either positive temperature and turbidity duration effects (CR) or positive temperature and food availability effects (LCR). Our approach to analyzing environmental controls on growth should be applicable in other systems where environmental data vary over relatively short time scales compared with animal observations. C1 [Dzul, M. C.; Yackulic, C. B.; Yard, M. D.; Muehlbauer, J. D.] Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand canyon Montoring & Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Korman, J.] Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. RP Dzul, MC (reprint author), Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand canyon Montoring & Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mdzul@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; Bureau of Reclamation; Navajo Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Data used by this study were collected by Evan Anderson, Chelsie Arndt, Peter Atkinson, Luke Avery, Margeaux Bestard, Michael Dodrill, Colton Finch, Brandon Gehrig, Mariah Giardina, Jake Hall, Ellie Johnson, Kyle Patterson, Mike Pillow, Bill Pine, Dennis Stone, Ben Vaage, Randy Van Haverbeke, David Ward, Kirk Young, various field technicians, and volunteers. Carol Fritzinger, Seth Felder, and Dave Foster provided help with logistics. Lastly, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, Bureau of Reclamation, and Navajo Department of Fish and Wildlife helped fund this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0056 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000005 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Snook, EL Massie, DL AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Snook, Erin L. Massie, Danielle L. TI Brook trout use of thermal refugia and foraging habitat influenced by brown trout SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAM FISHES; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; MINNESOTA STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The distribution of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in eastern North America is often limited by temperature and introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta), the relative importance of which is poorly understood but critical for conservation and restoration planning. We evaluated effects of brown trout on brook trout behavior and habitat use in experimental streams across increasing temperatures (14-23 degrees C) with simulated groundwater upwelling zones providing thermal refugia (6-9 degrees C below ambient temperatures). Allopatric and sympatric trout populations increased their use of upwelling zones as ambient temperatures increased, demonstrating the importance of groundwater as thermal refugia in warming streams. Allopatric brook trout showed greater movement rates and more even spatial distributions within streams than sympatric brook trout, suggesting interference competition by brown trout for access to forage habitats located outside thermal refugia. Our results indicate that removal of introduced brown trout may facilitate native brook trout expansion and population viability in downstream reaches depending in part on the spatial configuration of groundwater upwelling zones. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.; Snook, Erin L.; Massie, Danielle L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM nhitt@usgs.gov FU USGS Chesapeake Bay Program; USGS; I.M. Systems Group, Inc FX The authors thank C. Snyder, Z. Johnson, D. Smith, S. Faulkner, D. Weller, J. Mullican, M. Morgan, J. Roach, S. Strecky, M. Hudy, S. Phillips, D. Spooner, and two anonymous reviewers for assistance with this manuscript. Fish handling protocols were approved by US Geological Survey (USGS) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee review. Funding was provided by the USGS Chesapeake Bay Program. E. Snook was supported by a USGS contract with I.M. Systems Group, Inc. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 406 EP 418 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0255 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000013 ER PT J AU Counihan, TD Bollens, SM AF Counihan, Timothy D. Bollens, Stephen M. TI Early detection monitoring for larval dreissenid mussels: how much plankton sampling is enough? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Early detection; Monitoring; Invasive species; Quagga mussel; Zebra mussel; Dreissena polymorpha; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis; Columbia River; Snake River ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; ZEBRA MUSSELS; SPECIES RICHNESS; GREAT-LAKES; WATER; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; RISK AB The development of quagga and zebra mussel (dreissenids) monitoring programs in the Pacific Northwest provides a unique opportunity to evaluate a regional invasive species detection effort early in its development. Recent studies suggest that the ecological and economic costs of a dreissenid infestation in the Pacific Northwest of the USA would be significant. Consequently, efforts are underway to monitor for the presence of dreissenids. However, assessments of whether these efforts provide for early detection are lacking. We use information collected from 2012 to 2014 to characterize the development of larval dreissenid monitoring programs in the states of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington in the context of introduction and establishment risk. We also estimate the effort needed for high-probability detection of rare planktonic taxa in four Columbia and Snake River reservoirs and assess whether the current level of effort provides for early detection. We found that the effort expended to monitor for dreissenid mussels increased substantially from 2012 to 2014, that efforts were distributed across risk categories ranging from high to very low, and that substantial gaps in our knowledge of both introduction and establishment risk exist. The estimated volume of filtered water required to fully census planktonic taxa or to provide high-probability detection of rare taxa was high for the four reservoirs examined. We conclude that the current level of effort expended does not provide for high-probability detection of larval dreissenids or other planktonic taxa when they are rare in these reservoirs. We discuss options to improve early detection capabilities. C1 [Counihan, Timothy D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Washington, WA 98605 USA. [Bollens, Stephen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Bollens, Stephen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Counihan, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Washington, WA 98605 USA. EM tcounihan@usgs.gov FU US Department of Energy/Bonneville Power Administration [00059650]; USGS [G09AC00264]; WSU FX We would like to acknowledge Glen Holmberg, Nancy Elder, John Kosovich, and Jill Hardiman of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens, Julie Zimmerman, Whitney Hassett, and Josh Emerson of Washington State University (WSU) for their assistance with various aspects of this project. Funding for this project was provided by the US Department of Energy/Bonneville Power Administration (Grant #00059650), by the USGS (Grant G09AC00264), and by additional funding provided by WSU and the USGS. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 189 IS 3 AR 98 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5737-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM0IA UT WOS:000395000800005 PM 28168527 ER PT J AU Su, G Letcher, RJ Moore, JN Williams, LL Grasman, KA AF Su, Guanyong Letcher, Robert J. Moore, Jeremy N. Williams, Lisa L. Grasman, Keith A. TI Contaminants of emerging concern in Caspian tern compared to herring gull eggs from Michigan colonies in the Great Lakes of North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Caspian terns; Herring gulls; Eggs; Laurentian Great Lakes; Flame retardants; Perfluoroalkyl substances ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; CHICKEN EMBRYONIC HEPATOCYTES; IN-VITRO BIOTRANSFORMATION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; HEPATIC-MICROSOMAL ASSAY; SITES SPANNING ATLANTIC; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs), 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 4 per fluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual Caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the U.S. State of Michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from Michigan nesting sites on Two Tree Island (St, Mary's River), Charity Reef (Saginaw Bay) and Channel-Shelter Island (a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in Saginaw Bay). The same CEC suite was determined in 10 herring gull eggs on the Pipe Island Twins in the lower St. Mary's River. In tern eggs, the order of concentrations were Sigma PFSA (mean: 793 ng/g wet weight (ww); range: 116-4690 ng/g ww) > Sigma PFCAs (131; 30.4-506 ng/g ww) approximate to Sigma PBDEs (86.7; 32.4-189 ng/g ww) >> Sigma NPHFRs (0.67; ND-4.3 ng/g ww) approximate to EOPEs (0.46; ND-2.89 ng/g ww). Compared to gull eggs collected from the same area, tern egg exposure contained significantly lower concentrations of Sigma PBDE, but with up to 10 times greater mean concentrations of Sigma PFSAs and Sigma PFCAs. This study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring in eggs of different Great Lakes birds of PBDEs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) given that: 1) PBDE concentrations in all analyzed avian eggs exceeded or approached a concentration of 29 ng/g ww, which for birds is the current Canadian FEQG (Federal Environmental Quality Guideline); 2) Sigma PBDE concentrations were comparable to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported in the literature; 3) PFOS concentrations in Caspian tern eggs were extremely high with many eggs across sites exceeding 1 ppm, and with the greatest being up to 4.7 ppm; and 4) PFEtCHxS, a potentially persistent and bioaccumulative substance, showed a detection frequency of 100% in 40 of the analyzed eggs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Su, Guanyong; Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada Natl Wildlife Re, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Moore, Jeremy N.; Williams, Lisa L.] East Lansing Ecol Serv Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing, MI USA. [Grasman, Keith A.] Dept Biol, Calvin Coll, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada Natl Wildlife Re, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Wildlife & Landscape Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM robert.letcher@canada.ca RI Su, Guanyong/A-7747-2017 FU United States Depai Liiient of the Interior; Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Financial support for this project was from the United States Depai Liiient of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service via funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. Environment and Climate Change Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; to R.J. Letcher) also provided supplemental funding. The collection of the herring gull and Caspian tern eggs at the U.S. colony sites was carried out by Keith A. Grasman of Calvin College and David Best (retired) of USFWS. We thank David Blair and Luke Periard in the Letcher Lab/ OCRL in the NWRC at Carleton University for the FR and PFAS sample analyses. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 222 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.061 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5OJ UT WOS:000395360900020 PM 28089466 ER PT J AU Day, NK Hall, RO AF Day, Natalie K. Hall, Robert O., Jr. TI Ammonium uptake kinetics and nitrification in mountain streams SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrification; ammonium uptake; TASCC; streams; nitrate uptake ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; INORGANIC NITROGEN; HEADWATER STREAMS; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITRATE UPTAKE; NO3-UPTAKE; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION AB Human activities have increased the availability and distribution of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in the biosphere. Streams can remove some of this excess DIN, but in-stream uptake pathways of NO3- and NH4+ can be sensitive to the concentration of DIN. DIN uptake kinetics (i.e., changes in uptake in response to changes in concentration) are used to predict how streams will respond to increased DIN. This concentration-uptake relationship is unclear for NH4+ because of complex interactions governing uptake, including the influence of dissimilatory processes (i.e., nitrification) on total uptake. We used sequential pulse additions of NO3- and NH4+ to investigate DIN uptake in 3 subalpine streams in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Mass removal rates (U; mu g m(-2) min(-1)) of NO3- were higher than NH4+, but NH4+ had greater uptake rate relative to concentration (vf; mm/ min). We used a new method of estimating nitrification that accounts for concomitant NH4+ uptake and found that 7 to 19% of the NH4+ added was nitrified immediately. We used the Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization (TASCC) method to quantify ambient spiraling parameters and to parameterize kinetic models for NH4+ by following changes in whole-reach uptake in response to short-term NH4+ additions. Relationships between NH4+ concentration and v(f) were consistent within, but not among, streams. The relationship between v(f) and NH4+ concentration followed an efficiency-loss model for 2 streams, in which vf decreased exponentially with NH4+ concentration. v(f) increased with NH4+ concentration in 1 stream on 2 separate occasions. Different NH4+ uptake kinetics across streams indicate site-specific variation in processes controlling uptake and that some streams may accommodate increasing NH4+ concentrations by increasing uptake. C1 [Day, Natalie K.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Day, Natalie K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Day, NK (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Day, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM nataliekateday@gmail.com; bhall@uwyo.edu FU NSF [DEB-1146283] FX We thank Brady Kohler, Sam Carlson, and Hilary Madinger for helping with field work. Brady Kohler, Carl Legleiter, Annika Walters, Keeley McNeill, and 2 anonymous referees provided useful comments on earlier drafts. NSF supported this work through grant DEB-1146283. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1086/690600 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500004 ER PT J AU Laske, SM Rosenberger, AE Kane, WJ Wipfli, MS Zimmerman, CE AF Laske, Sarah M. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Kane, William J. Wipfli, Mark S. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Top-down control of invertebrates by Ninespine Stickleback in Arctic ponds SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ninespine Stickleback; top-down; food webs; predation; addition experiment; Arctic ID RIVER FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH PREDATION; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; TROPHIC CASCADES; ALPINE LAKE; ZOOPLANKTON; TERRESTRIAL; PLANKTON AB Despite their widespread presence in northern-latitude ecosystems, the ecological role of Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius is not well understood. Ninespine Stickleback can occupy both top and intermediate trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems, so their role in food webs as a predator on invertebrates and as a forage fish for upper level consumers probably is substantial. We introduced Ninespine Sticklebacks to fishless ponds to elucidate their potential effects as a predator on invertebrate communities in Arctic lentic freshwaters. We hypothesized that Ninespine Stickleback would affect freshwater invertebrate communities in a top-down manner. We predicted that the addition of Ninespine Sticklebacks to fishless ponds would: 1) reduce invertebrate taxonomic richness, 2) decrease overall invertebrate abundance, 3) reduce invertebrate biomass, and 4) decrease average invertebrate body size. We tested our hypothesis at 2 locations by adding Ninespine Stickleback to isolated ponds and compared invertebrate communities over time between fish-addition and fishless control ponds. Nine spine Sticklebacks exerted strong top-down pressure on invertebrate communities mainly by changing invertebrate taxonomic richness and biomass and, to a lesser extent, abundance and average invertebrate size. Our results supported the hypothesis that Ninespine Stickleback may help shape lentic food webs in the Arctic. Key words: Ninespine Stickleback, top-down, food webs, predation, addition experiment, Arctic C1 [Laske, Sarah M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Laske, Sarah M.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kane, William J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Laske, SM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Laske, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM slaske@usgs.gov; rosenbergera@missouri.edu; william.kane@outlook.com; mwipfli@alaska.edu; czimmerman@usgs.gov FU Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative of the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX We thank C. Bishop, R. Dorendorf, and C. Johnson for their assistance in the field and laboratory, and T. Fondell, K. Gurney, J. Schmutz, T. Shoemaker, and B. Uher-Koch for providing logistical support. We thank D. Verbyla for support during project conception, and the staff of the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, the Institute of Arctic Biology, and the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Academics Office. We thank P. Westley for providing comments on an early stage of this manuscript, and 2 anonymous referees for their thoughtful feedback. This study was funded through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative of the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. Work was performed under University of Alaska Fairbanks Institutional Animal Care and Use protocol 233290 and with Fish Transport Permits, 12A-0109 and 13A-0039, issued by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 124 EP 137 DI 10.1086/690675 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500011 ER PT J AU Ward, AS Kelleher, CA Mason, SJK Wagener, T McIntyre, N McGlynn, B Runkel, RL Payn, RA AF Ward, Adam S. Kelleher, Christa A. Mason, Seth J. K. Wagener, Thorsten McIntyre, Neil McGlynn, Brian Runkel, Robert L. Payn, Robert A. TI A software tool to assess uncertainty in transient-storage model parameters using Monte Carlo simulations SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solute transport; inverse modeling; tracer; transient storage; hyporheic zone; parameter estimation; OTIS; MCAT; OTIS-MCAT ID STREAM SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SURFACE-WATER INTERACTIONS; SANTA-CLARA COUNTY; COBBLE-BED STREAM; MASS-TRANSFER; ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; RIFFLE STREAM; UVAS CREEK AB Researchers and practitioners alike often need to understand and characterize how water and solutes move through a stream in terms of the relative importance of in-stream and near-stream storage and transport processes. In-channel and subsurface storage processes are highly variable in space and time and difficult to measure. Storage estimates are commonly obtained using transient-storage models (TSMs) of the experimentally obtained solute-tracer test data. The TSM equations represent key transport and storage processes with a suite of numerical parameters. Parameter values are estimated via inverse modeling, in which parameter values are iteratively changed until model simulations closely match observed solute-tracer data. Several investigators have shown that TSM parameter estimates can be highly uncertain. When this is the case, parameter values cannot be used reliably to interpret stream-reach functioning. However, authors of most TSM studies do not evaluate or report parameter certainty. Here, we present a software tool linked to the One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model that enables researchers to conduct uncertainty analyses via Monte-Carlo parameter sampling and to visualize uncertainty and sensitivity results. We demonstrate application of our tool to 2 case studies and compare our results to output obtained from more traditional implementation of the OTIS model. We conclude by suggesting best practices for transient-storage modeling and recommend that future applications of TSMs include assessments of parameter certainty to support comparisons and more reliable interpretations of transport processes. C1 [Ward, Adam S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kelleher, Christa A.; McGlynn, Brian] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kelleher, Christa A.] Syracuse Univ, Earth Sci & Civil Engn Dept, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Mason, Seth J. K.] Lot Hydrol LLC, POB 1524, Carbondale, CO 81623 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Wagener, Thorsten] Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1UJ, Avon, England. [McIntyre, Neil] Univ Queensland, Ctr Water Minerals Ind, Sustainable Minerals Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Bldg 6, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Payn, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Payn, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Montana Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Ward, AS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM adamward@indiana.edu; ckellehe@syr.edu; seth@Iotichydrological.com; thorsten.wagener@bristol.ac.uk; n.mcintyre@uq.edu.au; brian.mcglynn@duke.edu; runkel@usgs.gov; rpayn@montana.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 1331906]; NSF [EAR 1505309]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2013-67019-21365]; Lilly Endowment, Inc. through Indiana University (IU) Pervasive Technology Institute; Indiana METACyt Initiative; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX A portion of ASW's time was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. EAR 1331906, by NSF Grant No. EAR 1505309, and by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grant No. 2013-67019-21365. This research was also supported in part by Lilly Endowment, Inc., through its support for the Indiana University (IU) Pervasive Technology Institute, and in part by the Indiana METACyt Initiative. The Indiana METACyt Initiative at IU is also supported in part by Lilly Endowment, Inc. RLR was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, or the authors' institutions. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 195 EP 217 DI 10.1086/690444 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500016 ER PT J AU Lorenz, JM Qi, HP Coplen, TB AF Lorenz, Jennifer M. Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. TI Antarctic Ice-Core Water (USGS49) - A New Isotopic Reference Material for delta H-2 and delta O-18 Measurements of Water SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxygen isotope; hydrogen isotope; quality assurance; quality control ID LONG-TERM ACCURACY; RATIO ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN; SPECTROMETERS; PRECISION; OXYGEN; GAS AB As a result of the scarcity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution has been prepared from ice-core water from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS49, was filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of USGS49 are -394.7 +/- 0.4 and -50.55 +/- 0.04mUr (where mUr=0.001=parts per thousand), respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalised such that the delta H-2 and delta O-18 values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, -428 and -55.5mUr. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U=2u(c)) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95% probability of encompassing the true value. This isotopic reference material is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. It is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules or as a set of sixteen glass ampoules containing 5ml of water in each ampoule. C1 [Lorenz, Jennifer M.; Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lorenz, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlorenz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX Great appreciation is given to the Division of Polar Programs of the U.S. National Science Foundation for collecting ice-core water from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. We thank Anita Aerts-Bijma and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved this manuscript. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was authored as part of the contributors' official duties as employees of the United States government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. law. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 EI 1751-908X J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 41 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1111/ggr.12135 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM0LJ UT WOS:000395009500004 ER PT J AU Gibson, PP Mills, MA Kraus, JM Walters, DM AF Gibson, Polly P. Mills, Marc A. Kraus, Johanna M. Walters, David M. TI A Modeling Approach to Compare Sigma PCB Concentrations between Congener-Specific Analyses SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Congener-based analysis; Great Lakes Areas of Concern; Manistique River and Harbor; PCBs; Remedy effectiveness monitoring ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; FISH; SEDIMENTS; TRENDS; RIVER; PROFILES; PATTERNS; MICHIGAN AB Changes in analytical methods over time pose problems for assessing long-term trends in environmental contamination by PCBs. Congener-specific analyses vary widely in the number and identity of the 209 distinct PCB chemical configurations (congeners) that are quantified, leading to inconsistencies among summed PCB concentrations (Sigma PCB) reported by different studies. Here, we present a modeling approach using linear regression to compare Sigma PCB concentrations derived from different congener-specific analyses measuring different co-eluting groups. The approach can be used to develop a specific conversion model between any 2 sets of congener-specific analytical data from similar samples (similar matrix and geographic origin). We demonstrate the method by developing a conversion model for an example data set that includes data from 2 different analytical methods, a low resolution method quantifying 119 congeners and a high resolution method quantifying all 209 congeners. We used the model to show that the 119-congener set captured most (93%) of the total PCB concentration (i.e., Sigma 209PCB) in sediment and biological samples. Sigma PCB concentrations estimated using the model closely matched measured values (mean relative percent difference=9.6). General applications of the modeling approach include 1) generating comparable Sigma PCB concentrations for samples that were analyzed for different congener sets; and 2) estimating the proportional contribution of different congener sets to Sigma PCB. This approach may be especially valuable for enabling comparison of long-term remediation monitoring results even as analytical methods change over time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:227-232. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gibson, Polly P.; Kraus, Johanna M.; Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Mills, Marc A.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant FX We thank A Mucha and S Cieniawski for contributing to different aspects of this project including study design and additional contractor support. This project was funded by a US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant to DMW. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1002/ieam.1821 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400001 PM 27427154 ER PT J AU Coady, KK Biever, RC Denslow, ND Gross, M Guiney, PD Holbech, H Karouna-Renier, NK Katsiadaki, I Krueger, H Levine, SL Maack, G Williams, M Wolf, JC Ankley, GT AF Coady, Katherine K. Biever, Ronald C. Denslow, Nancy D. Gross, Melanie Guiney, Patrick D. Holbech, Henrik Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Katsiadaki, Ioanna Krueger, Hank Levine, Steven L. Maack, Gerd Williams, Mike Wolf, Jeffrey C. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Current Limitations and Recommendations to Improve Testing for the Environmental Assessment of Endocrine Active Substances SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Risk and hazard assessment; Endocrine disruption; High-throughput assays; Regulatory tests ID GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY; FATHEAD MINNOW; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; FISH REPRODUCTION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SCREENING ASSAYS; ZEBRAFISH AB In the present study, existing regulatory frameworks and test systems for assessing potential endocrine active chemicals are described, and associated challenges are discussed, along with proposed approaches to address these challenges. Regulatory frameworks vary somewhat across geographies, but all basically evaluate whether a chemical possesses endocrine activity and whether this activity can result in adverse outcomes either to humans or to the environment. Current test systems include in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques focused on detecting potential endocrine activity, and in vivo tests that collect apical data to detect possible adverse effects. These test systems are currently designed to robustly assess endocrine activity and/or adverse effects in the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways; however, there are some limitations of current test systems for evaluating endocrine hazard and risk. These limitations include a lack of certainty regarding: 1) adequately sensitive species and life stages; 2) mechanistic endpoints that are diagnostic for endocrine pathways of concern; and 3) the linkage between mechanistic responses and apical, adverse outcomes. Furthermore, some existing test methods are resource intensive with regard to time, cost, and use of animals. However, based on recent experiences, there are opportunities to improve approaches to and guidance for existing test methods and to reduce uncertainty. For example, in vitro high-throughput screening could be used to prioritize chemicals for testing and provide insights as to the most appropriate assays for characterizing hazard and risk. Other recommendations include adding endpoints for elucidating connections between mechanistic effects and adverse outcomes, identifying potentially sensitive taxa for which test methods currently do not exist, and addressing key endocrine pathways of possible concern in addition to those associated with estrogen, androgen, and thyroid signaling. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:302-316. (C) 2016 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Coady, Katherine K.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Biever, Ronald C.] Smithers Viscient Labs, Wareham, MA USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gross, Melanie] Wca, Faringdon, England. [Guiney, Patrick D.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Holbech, Henrik] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, Odense M, Denmark. [Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Katsiadaki, Ioanna] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Krueger, Hank] Wildlife Int, Div EAG Labs, Easton, MD USA. [Levine, Steven L.] Monsanto Co, Global Regulatory Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Maack, Gerd] German Environm Agcy, Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Williams, Mike] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs, Sterling, VA USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Duluth, MN USA. RP Coady, KK (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM kcoady@dow.com RI Williams, Mike/I-1724-2013 NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 302 EP 316 DI 10.1002/ieam.1862 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400008 PM 27791330 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Sample, BE AF Beyer, W. Nelson Sample, Bradley E. TI An Evaluation of Inorganic Toxicity Reference Values for Use in Assessing Hazards to American Robins (Turdus migratorius) SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Toxicity reference value; Metals; Screening; Soil ID LEAD CONTAMINATION; JAPANESE QUAIL; MALLARD DUCKS; DIETARY LEAD; SOIL; EXPOSURE; WILDLIFE; EARTHWORMS; SONGBIRDS; RECOMMENDATIONS AB When performing screening-level and baseline risk assessments, assessors usually compare estimated exposures of wildlife receptor species with toxicity reference values (TRVs). We modeled the exposure of American robins (Turdus migratorius) to 10 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn, and V) in spring and early summer, a time when earthworms are the preferred prey. We calculated soil benchmarks associated with possible toxic effects to these robins from 6 sets of published TRVs. Several of the resulting soil screening-level benchmarks were inconsistent with each other and less than soil background concentrations. Accordingly, we examined the derivations of the TRVs as a possible source of error. In the case of V, a particularly toxic chemical compound (ammonium vanadate) containing V, not normally present in soil, had been used to estimate a TRV. In the cases of Zn and Cu, use of uncertainty values of 10 in estimating TRVs led to implausibly low soil screening values. In the case of Pb, a TRV was calculated from studies demonstrating reductions in egg production in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to Pb concentrations well below than those causing toxic effects in other species of birds. The results on quail, which were replicated in additional trials, are probably not applicable to other, unrelated species, although we acknowledge that only a small fraction of all species of birds has been tested. These examples underscore the importance of understanding the derivation and relevance of TRVs before selecting them for use in screening or in ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:352-359. (C) 2016 SETAC C1 [Beyer, W. Nelson] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. [Sample, Bradley E.] Ecol Risk, Rancho Murieta, CA USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. EM nbeyer@USGS.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1002/ieam.1792 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400012 PM 27155981 ER PT J AU Pausas, JG Keeley, JE Schwilk, DW AF Pausas, Juli G. Keeley, Jon E. Schwilk, Dylan W. TI Flammability as an ecological and evolutionary driver SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fire-prone ecosystems; flammability dimensions; plant flammability strategies; scale ID FIRE ECOLOGY; BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; ENHANCE FLAMMABILITY; PLANT TRAITS; LEAF-LITTER; SAVANNA; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASS; THRESHOLDS AB We live on a flammable planet yet there is little consensus on the origin and evolution of flammability in our flora. We argue that part of the problem lies in the concept of flammability, which should not be viewed as a single quantitative trait or metric. Rather, we propose that flammability has three major dimensions that are not necessarily correlated: ignitability, heat release and fire spread rate. These major axes of variation are controlled by different plant traits and have differing ecological impacts during fire. At the individual plant scale, these traits define three flammability strategies observed in fire-prone ecosystems: the non-flammable, the fast-flammable and the hot-flammable strategy (with low ignitability, high flame spread rate and high heat release, respectively). These strategies increase the survival or reproduction under recurrent fires, and thus, plants in fire-prone ecosystems benefit from acquiring one of them; they represent different (alternative) ways to live under recurrent fires. Synthesis. This novel framework based on different flammability strategies helps us to understand variability in flammability across scales, and provides a basis for further research. C1 [Pausas, Juli G.] CIDE CSIC, Ctra Naquera Km 4-5 IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), CIDE CSIC, Ctra Naquera Km 4-5 IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. EM juli.g.pausas@uv.es FU Spanish Government [CGL2012-39938-C02-01, CGL2015-64086-P]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2016/021] FX This work was performed under the framework of the TREVOL and FILAS project (CGL2012-39938-C02-01, CGL2015-64086-P) from the Spanish Government and the PROMETEO/2016/021 project from Generalitat Valenciana. We thank W. Bond for comments on an early idea of this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 105 IS 2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12691 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL4JH UT WOS:000394587000001 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Dorazio, RM Butterfield, JSS Meigs-Friend, G Nico, LG Ferrante, JA AF Hunter, Margaret E. Dorazio, Robert M. Butterfield, John S. S. Meigs-Friend, Gaia Nico, Leo G. Ferrante, Jason A. TI Detection limits of quantitative and digital PCR assays and their influence in presence-absence surveys of environmental DNA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE aquatic invasive species; Asian carp; biological invasion; DNA-based monitoring; eDNA; false positive; GMO detection; limit of detection; low-concentration DNA analysis; occupancy model; rare mutant detection ID REAL-TIME PCR; GUIDELINES MINIMUM INFORMATION; EDNA; TOOL; WATER; APPLICABILITY; PUBLICATION; SENSITIVITY; EXTRACTION; OCCUPANCY AB A set of universal guidelines is needed to determine the limit of detection (LOD) in PCR-based analyses of low-concentration DNA. In particular, environmental DNA (eDNA) studies require sensitive and reliable methods to detect rare and cryptic species through shed genetic material in environmental samples. Current strategies for assessing detection limits of eDNA are either too stringent or subjective, possibly resulting in biased estimates of species' presence. Here, a conservative LOD analysis grounded in analytical chemistry is proposed to correct for overestimated DNA concentrations predominantly caused by the concentration plateau, a nonlinear relationship between expected and measured DNA concentrations. We have used statistical criteria to establish formal mathematical models for both quantitative and droplet digital PCR. To assess the method, a new Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) TaqMan assay was developed and tested on both PCR platforms using eDNA in water samples. The LOD adjustment reduced Grass Carp occupancy and detection estimates while increasing uncertainty-indicating that caution needs to be applied to eDNA data without LOD correction. Compared to quantitative PCR, digital PCR had higher occurrence estimates due to increased sensitivity and dilution of inhibitors at low concentrations. Without accurate LOD correction, species occurrence and detection probabilities based on eDNA estimates are prone to a source of bias that cannot be reduced by an increase in sample size or PCR replicates. Other applications also could benefit from a standardized LOD such as GMO food analysis and forensic and clinical diagnostics. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.; Dorazio, Robert M.; Butterfield, John S. S.; Meigs-Friend, Gaia; Nico, Leo G.; Ferrante, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov FU USGS Science Support Partnership and Invasive Species Program FX We would like to thank Dr. Michelle Davis and Amelia Ulmer for their help in the laboratory, and anonymous reviewers. This project was funded in part by USGS Science Support Partnership and Invasive Species Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12619 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EL8OR UT WOS:000394880100010 PM 27768244 ER PT J AU Ringelman, KM Eadie, JM Ackerman, JT Sih, A Loughman, DL Yarris, GS Oldenburger, SL McLandress, MR AF Ringelman, Kevin M. Eadie, John M. Ackerman, Joshua T. Sih, Andrew Loughman, Daniel L. Yarris, Gregory S. Oldenburger, Shaun L. McLandress, M. Robert TI Spatiotemporal patterns of duck nest density and predation risk: a multi-scale analysis of 18 years and more than 10 000 nests SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SITE FIDELITY; PUBLIC INFORMATION; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; EVOLUTIONARY TRAPS; WATERFOWL; MALLARDS; CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR AB Many avian species are behaviorally-plastic in selecting nest sites, and may shift to new locations or habitats following an unsuccessful breeding attempt. If there is predictable spatial variation in predation risk, the process of many individuals using prior experience to adaptively change nest sites may scale up to create shifting patterns of nest density at a population level. We used 18 years of waterfowl nesting data to assess whether there were areas of consistently high or low predation risk, and whether low-risk areas increased, and high-risk areas decreased in nest density the following year. We created kernel density maps of successful and unsuccessful nests in consecutive years and found no correlation in predation risk and no evidence for adaptive shifts, although nest density was correlated between years. We also examined between-year correlations in nest density and nest success at three smaller spatial scales: individual nesting fields (10-28 ha), 16-ha grid cells and 4-ha grid cells. Here, results were similar across all scales: we found no evidence for year-to-year correlation in nest success but found strong evidence that nest density was correlated between years, and areas of high nest success increased in nest density the following year. Prior research in this system has demonstrated that areas of high nest density have higher nest success, and taken together, our results suggest that ducks may adaptively select nest sites based on the local density of conspecifics, rather than the physical location of last year's nest. In unpredictable environments, current cues, such as the presence of active conspecific nests, may be especially useful in selecting nest sites. The cues birds use to select breeding locations and successfully avoid predators deserve continued attention, especially in systems of conservation concern. C1 [Ringelman, Kevin M.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Eadie, John M.; Oldenburger, Shaun L.; McLandress, M. Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oldenburger, Shaun L.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, San Marcos, TX USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. [Sih, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Loughman, Daniel L.; Yarris, Gregory S.; McLandress, M. Robert] Calif Waterfowl Assoc, Roseville, CA USA. [Yarris, Gregory S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Valley Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Ringelman, KM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kringelman@agcenter.lsu.edu FU NSF-GRFP; Delta Waterfowl Association; Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithological Research; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment FX This project was also funded by the NSF-GRFP, Delta Waterfowl Association, Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithological Research, and the Dennis G. Raveling Endowment. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2017 VL 126 IS 3 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.1111/oik.03728 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM0WC UT WOS:000395037400003 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Maestas, JD Pyke, DA Boyd, CS Pellant, M Wuenschel, A AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Maestas, Jeremy D. Pyke, David A. Boyd, Chad S. Pellant, Mike Wuenschel, Amarina TI Using Resilience and Resistance Concepts to Manage Persistent Threats to Sagebrush Ecosystems and Greater Sage-grouse SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conifer expansion; conservation; invasive annual grasses; population persistence; soil temperature/moisture regimes; wildfire ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSITION MODELS; SPATIAL RESILIENCE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; ANNUAL GRASSES; BIG SAGEBRUSH; STATE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES AB Conservation of imperiled species often demands addressing a complex suite of threats that undermine species viability. Regulatory approaches, such as the US Endangered Species Act (1973), tend to focus on anthropogenic threats through adoption of policies and regulatory mechanisms. However, persistent ecosystem-based threats, such as invasive species and altered disturbance regimes, remain critical issues for most at-risk species considered to be conservation-reliant. We describe an approach for addressing persistent ecosystem threats to at-risk species based on ecological resilience and resistance concepts that is currently being used to conserve greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and sagebrush ecosystems. The approach links biophysical indicators of ecosystem resilience and resistance with species-specific population and habitat requisites in a risk-based framework to identify priority areas for management and guide allocation of resources to manage persistent ecosystem-based threats. US federal land management and natural resource agencies have adopted this framework as a foundation for prioritizing sage-grouse conservation resources and determining effective restoration and management strategies. Because threats and strategies to address them cross-cut program areas, an integrated approach that includes wildland fire operations, postfire rehabilitation, fuels management, and habitat restoration is being used. We believe this approach is applicable to species conservation in other largely intact ecosystems with persistent, ecosystem-based threats. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89509 USA. [Maestas, Jeremy D.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boyd, Chad S.] US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Pellant, Mike] USDI, Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Wuenschel, Amarina] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Reg Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89509 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 70 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.08.005 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5TQ UT WOS:000395376700001 ER PT J AU Albert, JS Schoolmaster, DR Tagliacollo, V Duke-Sylvester, SM AF Albert, James S. Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. Tagliacollo, Victor Duke-Sylvester, Scott M. TI Barrier Displacement on a Neutral Landscape: Toward a Theory of Continental Biogeography SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diversification; extinction; geodispersal; macroevolution; river capture; vicariance ID RANGE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SPECIES RICHNESS; ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ANDEAN UPLIFT; RIVER CAPTURE; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERSIFICATION RATES; BIODIVERSITY DYNAMICS AB Macroevolutionary theory posits three processes leading to lineage diversification and the formation of regional biotas: dispersal (species geographic range expansion), speciation (species lineage splitting), and extinction (species lineage termination). The Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB) predicts species richness values using just two of these processes; dispersal and extinction. Yetmost species on Earth live on continents or continental shelves, and the dynamics of evolutionary diversification at regional and continental scales are qualitatively different from those that govern the formation of species richness on biogeographic islands. Certain geomorphological processes operating perennially on continental platforms displace barriers to gene flow and organismal dispersal, and affect all three terms of macroevolutionary diversification. For example, uplift of a dissected landscape and river capture both merge and separate portions of adjacent areas, allowing dispersal and larger geographic ranges, vicariant speciation and smaller geographic ranges, and extinction when range sizes are subdivided below a minimum persistence threshold. The TIB also does not predict many biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns widely observed in continentally distributed taxa, including: (i) power function-like species-area relationships; (ii) log-normal distribution of species geographic range sizes, in which most species have restricted ranges (are endemic) and few species have broad ranges (are cosmopolitan); (iii) mid-domain effects withmore species toward the geographic center, and more early-branching, species-poor clades toward the geographic periphery; (iv) exponential rates of net diversification with log-linear accumulation of lineages through geological time; and (v) power function-like relationships between species-richness and clade diversity, in which most clades are species-poor and few clades are species-rich. Current theory does not provide a robust mechanistic framework to connect these seemingly disparate patterns. Here we present SEAMLESS (Spatially Explicit Area Model of Landscape Evolution by SimulationS) that generates clade diversification by moving geographic barriers on a continuous, neutral landscape. SEAMLESS is a neutral Landscape Evolution Model (LEM) that treats species and barriers as functionally equivalent with respect to model parameters. SEAMLESS differs from other model based biogeographic methods (e.g., Lagrange, GeoSSE, BayArea, and BioGeoBEARS) by modeling properties of dispersal barriers rather than areas, and by modeling the evolution of species lineages on a continuous landscape, rather than the evolution of geographic ranges along branches of a phylogeny. SEAMLESS shows how dispersal is required to maintain species richness and avoid clade-wide extinction, demonstrates that ancestral range size does not predict species richness, and provides a unified explanation for the suite of commonly observed biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns listed above. SEAMLESS explains how a simple barrier-displacement mechanism affects lineage diversification under neutral conditions, and is advanced here toward the formulation of a general theory of continental biogeography. C1 [Albert, James S.; Duke-Sylvester, Scott M.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 104 E Univ Circle, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, WARC, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Tagliacollo, Victor] Univ Fed Tocantins, Ave NS 15,109 Norte Palmas, BR-77001090 Tocantins, Brazil. RP Albert, JS (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 104 E Univ Circle, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. EM jalbert@louisiana.edu FU United States National Science Foundation [DEB 0614334, 0741450, 1354511]; Louisiana Education Quality Support Fund [2011-14-RD-A-27] FX This work was supported by United States National Science Foundation DEB 0614334, 0741450 and 1354511 to J.S.A., and the Louisiana Education Quality Support Fund 2011-14-RD-A-27 to S.M.D.-S. NR 176 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 66 IS 2 SI SI BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syw080 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EP9OV UT WOS:000397703800005 PM 27590192 ER PT J AU Whelan, NV Halanych, KM AF Whelan, Nathan V. Halanych, Kenneth M. TI Who Let the CAT Out of the Bag? Accurately Dealing with Substitutional Heterogeneity in Phylogenomic Analyses SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data partitioning; phylogenomics; simulation; site-heterogeneity; substitution models ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DATA SETS; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; PARTITIONING SCHEMES; SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY; MIXTURE-MODELS; RESOLUTION; INFERENCE AB As phylogenetic datasets have increased in size, site-heterogeneous substitution models such as CAT-F81 and CAT-GTR have been advocated in favor of other models because they purportedly suppress long-branch attraction (LBA). These models are two of the most commonly used models in phylogenomics, and they have been applied to a variety of taxa, ranging from Drosophila to land plants. However, many arguments in favor of CAT models have been based on tenuous assumptions about the true phylogeny, rather than rigorous testing with known trees via simulation. Moreover, CAT models have not been compared to other approaches for handling substitutional heterogeneity such as data partitioning with site-homogeneous substitution models. We simulated amino acid sequence datasets with substitutional heterogeneity on a variety of tree shapes including those susceptible to LBA. Data were analyzed with both CAT models and partitioning to explore model performance; in total over 670,000 CPU hours were used, of which over 97% was spent running analyses with CAT models. In many cases, all models recovered branching patterns that were identical to the known tree. However, CAT-F81 consistently performed worse than other models in inferring the correct branching patterns, and both CAT models often overestimated substitutional heterogeneity. Additionally, reanalysis of two empirical metazoan datasets supports the notion that CAT-F81 tends to recover less accurate trees than data partitioning and CAT-GTR. Given these results, we conclude that partitioning and CAT-GTR perform similarly in recovering accurate branching patterns. However, computation time can be orders of magnitude less for data partitioning, with commonly used implementations of CAT-GTR often failing to reach completion in a reasonable time frame (i.e., for Bayesian analyses to converge). Practices such as removing constant sites and parsimony uninformative characters, or using CAT-F81 when CAT-GTR is deemed too computationally expensive, cannot be logically justified. Given clear problems with CAT-F81, phylogenies previously inferred with this model should be reassessed. C1 [Whelan, Nathan V.; Halanych, Kenneth M.] Auburn Univ, Molette Biol Lab Environm & Climate Change Studie, Dept Biol Sci, 101 Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Whelan, NV (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, 5308 Spring ST, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM nathan_whelan@fws.gov FU US National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA-NNX13AJ31G]; Alabama Supercomputer Authority FX This work was made possible in part by a grant of high-performance computing resources and technical support from the Alabama Supercomputer Authority and was supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA-NNX13AJ31G). NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 66 IS 2 SI SI BP 232 EP 255 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syw084 PG 24 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EP9OV UT WOS:000397703800010 PM 27633354 ER PT J AU Pepper, MA Herrmann, V Hines, JE Nichols, JD Kendrot, SR AF Pepper, Margaret A. Herrmann, Valentine Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Kendrot, Stephen R. TI Evaluation of nutria (Myocastor coypus) detection methods in Maryland, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Detection probability; Invasive species; Maryland; Nutria ID MANAGEMENT; RAFTS; TRAP AB Nutria (Myocaster coypus), invasive, semi-aquatic rodents native to South America, were introduced into Maryland near Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR) in 1943. Irruptive population growth, expansion, and destructive feeding habits resulted in the destruction of thousands of acres of emergent marshes at and surrounding BNWR. In 2002, a partnership of federal, state and private entities initiated an eradication campaign to protect remaining wetlands from further damage and facilitate the restoration of coastal wetlands throughout the Chesapeake Bay region. Program staff removed nearly 14,000 nutria from five infested watersheds in a systematic trapping and hunting program between 2002 and 2014. As part of ongoing surveillance activities, the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project uses a variety of tools to detect and remove nutria. Project staff developed a floating raft, or monitoring platform, to determine site occupancy. These platforms are placed along waterways and checked periodically for evidence of nutria visitation. We evaluated the effectiveness of monitoring platforms and three associated detection methods: hair snares, presence of scat, and trail cameras. Our objectives were to (1) determine if platform placement on land or water influenced nutria visitation rates, (2) determine if the presence of hair snares influenced visitation rates, and (3) determine method-specific detection probabilities. Our analyses indicated that platforms placed on land were 1.5-3.0 times more likely to be visited than those placed in water and that platforms without snares were an estimated 1.7-3.7 times more likely to be visited than those with snares. Although the presence of snares appears to have discouraged visitation, seasonal variation may confound interpretation of these results. Scat was the least effective method of determining nutria visitation, while hair snares were as effective as cameras. Estimated detection probabilities provided by occupancy modeling were 0.73 for hair snares, 0.71 for cameras and 0.40 for scat. We recommend the use of hair snares on monitoring platforms as they are the most cost-effective and reliable detection method available at this time. Future research should focus on determining the cause for the observed decrease in nutria visits after snares were applied. C1 [Pepper, Margaret A.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, 2145 Key Wallace Dr, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Herrmann, Valentine] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kendrot, Stephen R.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 87, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Pepper, MA (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, 2145 Key Wallace Dr, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM Margaret.A.Pepper@aphis.usda.gov FU Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project FX We greatly appreciate the help and support from our colleagues at the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project. We thank the Nutria Management team, Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge and in particular Kevin Sullivan, Steven Schwartz, Bryson Webber, William Wilmoth and Robert Colona for their help and guidance with this research. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2017 VL 19 IS 3 BP 831 EP 841 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1312-1 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CY UT WOS:000394152700008 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, RP Drost, CA Mock, KE AF O'Donnell, Ryan P. Drost, Charles A. Mock, Karen E. TI Cryptic invasion of Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) across phylogeographic boundaries and a dilemma for conservation of a declining amphibian SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Cryptic invasion; Population genetics; Lithobates pipiens; Northern Leopard Frog; Introgression ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; INTROGRESSION; COMPLEX; DISEQUILIBRIUM; HYBRIDIZATION; DENDROBATIDIS AB Anthropogenic introduction of species is a major contributor to loss of biodiversity. Translocations within the range of a species are less frequently recognized, but have the potential for negative effects as well. Genetic mixing may lead to loss of local adaptations or further decline through outbreeding depression. These cryptic invasions may be quite difficult to recognize, but genetic tools can be used to recognize and monitor such intraspecific introductions. Conversely, translocations within species can be an important conservation tool to reduce inbreeding depression and replace lost genetic diversity. Thus, cryptic invasions can be either an aid or a hindrance to conservation efforts. We tested for the presence of non-native genotypes and assessed the extent and nature of introgression in populations of Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) in the southwestern US, where populations have declined to a few remnant populations. The most abundant and diverse complex of populations in the region contained a mitochondrial haplotype that was not native to the western US, probably resulting from the introduction of released pets, laboratory animals, or release during fish stocking. These non-native haplotypes were well integrated into a large complex of ponds and lakes, contributing to high genetic diversity in this area. Logistically, the geographic extent of non-native genetic influence within this population precludes eliminating or controlling the non-native component of this population. We recommend assessing the progress and fate of the introgression over time-along with population fitness parameters-to determine whether this introduction is beneficial or detrimental to population persistence. Meanwhile, translocations from nearby locations with similar environmental conditions have the best prospects for avoiding problems with outbreeding depression in other declining populations and will also most effectively preserve regional genetic diversity. C1 [Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources & Ecol Ctr, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Drost, Charles A.] Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, S Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.; Drost, Charles A.; Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.; Drost, Charles A.; Mock, Karen E.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [O'Donnell, Ryan P.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Drost, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; O'Donnell, RP (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM rodonnell@azgfd.gov FU Heritage Fund Program of the Arizona Game and Fish Department; Utah State University College of Science FX Funding for this work was provided by the Heritage Fund Program of the Arizona Game and Fish Department. A Willard L. Eccles Graduate Fellowship from the Utah State University College of Science provided partial support for Ryan O'Donnell. Lisa Gelczis, Caleb Loughran, A. J. Monatesti, Dan Groebner, Diana Kimberling, Susan MacVean, and Oliver Hyman collected genetic samples. Susan MacVean of the Arizona Game and Fish Department provided assistance, advice, and insights. Jer Pin Chong, Catherine M. Culumber, and Jay Baker contributed to laboratory work. Tara Fulton and Greg Wilson of the University of Alberta provided access to primers and unpublished data. Preliminary portions of this manuscript were published as part of a peer-reviewed US Geological Survey Open-File Report, number 2011-1186. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2017 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1320-1 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CY UT WOS:000394152700022 ER PT J AU Beudin, A Kalra, TS Ganju, NK Warner, JC AF Beudin, Alexis Kalra, Tarandeep S. Ganju, Neil K. Warner, John C. TI Development of a coupled wave-flow-vegetation interaction model SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Flexible aquatic vegetation; Coastal hydrodynamics; Numerical modeling ID SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; AQUATIC VEGETATION; STORM-SURGE; SCALE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; DISSIPATION; ATTENUATION; REGIONS; LAYER AB Emergent and submerged vegetation can significantly affect coastal hydrodynamics. However, most deterministic numerical models do not take into account their influence on currents, waves, and turbulence. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a wave-flow-vegetation module into a Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system that includes a flow model (ROMS) and a wave model (SWAN), and illustrate various interacting processes using an idealized shallow basin application. The flow model has been modified to include plant posture-dependent three-dimensional drag, in-canopy wave-induced streaming, and production of turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy to parameterize vertical mixing. The coupling framework has been updated to exchange vegetation-related variables between the flow model and the wave model to account for wave energy dissipation due to vegetation. This study i) demonstrates the validity of the plant posture-dependent drag parameterization against field measurements, ii) shows that the model is capable of reproducing the mean and turbulent flow field in the presence of vegetation as compared to various laboratory experiments, iii) provides insight into the flow-vegetation interaction through an analysis of the terms in the momentum balance, iv) describes the influence of a submerged vegetation patch on tidal currents and waves separately and combined, and v) proposes future directions for research and development. C1 [Beudin, Alexis; Kalra, Tarandeep S.; Ganju, Neil K.; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov FU Department of Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program [GS2-2D] FX This study was part of the Estuarine Physical Response to Storms project (GS2-2D), supported by the Department of Interior Hurricane Sandy Recovery program. This paper benefitted from discussions with Alfredo Aretxabaleta, Dan Nowacki and Heidi Nepf, and from the internal review of Jessica Lacy. The model in its current state (COAWST v3.2) is freely available (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/modeling/COAWST/index.html) and model development is being conducted as an open-source community effort. We encourage feedback that will continue to add features and make the model more robust as the community of users and developers grows. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 100 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.12.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA EK6WU UT WOS:000394067500008 ER PT J AU Villegas, JC Law, DJ Stark, SC Minor, DM Breshears, DD Saleska, SR Swann, ALS Garcia, ES Bella, EM Morton, JM Cobb, NS Barron-Gafford, GA Litvak, ME Kolb, TE AF Camilo Villegas, Juan Law, Darin J. Stark, Scott C. Minor, David M. Breshears, David D. Saleska, Scott R. Swann, Abigail L. S. Garcia, Elizabeth S. Bella, Elizabeth M. Morton, John M. Cobb, Neil S. Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Litvak, Marcy E. Kolb, Thomas E. TI Prototype campaign assessment of disturbance-induced tree loss effects on surface properties for atmospheric modeling SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE albedo; energy balance; tree die-off; vegetation disturbance; vegetation structure ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; KENAI PENINSULA; FORESTS; DROUGHT; RADIATION; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACT; CARBON; ALASKA; FIRE AB Changes in large-scale vegetation structure triggered by processes such as deforestation, wildfires, and tree die-off alter surface structure, energy balance, and associated albedo-all critical for land surface models. Characterizing these properties usually requires long-term data, precluding characterization of rapid vegetation changes such as those increasingly occurring in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the characterization of rapid events is limited and only possible in a few specific areas. We use a campaign approach to characterize surface properties associated with vegetation structure. In our approach, a profiling LiDAR and hemispherical image analyses quantify vegetation structure and a portable mast instrumented with a net radiometer, wind-humidity-temperature stations in a vertical profile, and soil temperature-heat flux characterize surface properties. We illustrate the application of our approach in two forest types (boreal and semiarid) with disturbance-induced tree loss. Our prototype characterizes major structural changes associated with tree loss, changes in vertical wind profiles, surface roughness energy balance partitioning, a proxy for NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), and albedo. Multi-day albedo estimates, which differed between control and disturbed areas, were similar to tower-based multiyear characterizations, highlighting the utility and potential of the campaign approach. Our prototype provides general characterization of surface and boundary-layer properties relevant for land surface models, strategically enabling preliminary characterization of rapid vegetation disturbance events. C1 [Camilo Villegas, Juan] Univ Antioquia, Escuela Ambiental, Grp GIGA, Apartado Aereo 1226, Medellin, Colombia. [Camilo Villegas, Juan; Law, Darin J.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stark, Scott C.; Minor, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Breshears, David D.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Swann, Abigail L. S.; Garcia, Elizabeth S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.] AECOM, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Bella, Elizabeth M.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Cobb, Neil S.; Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Litvak, Marcy E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Villegas, JC (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Escuela Ambiental, Grp GIGA, Apartado Aereo 1226, Medellin, Colombia.; Villegas, JC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM camilo.villegas@udea.edu.co FU NSF [EF-1340624, EF-1340649, EF-1340604, EF-1550641, EF-1550686, EF-1550756]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Estrategia de Sostenibilidad Universidad de Antioquia; North American Carbon Program/USDA CREES NRI [2004-35111-15057, 2008-3510119076]; Science Foundation Arizona [CAA 0-20308] FX This work was supported primarily through NSF EF-1340624, EF-1340649, and EF-1340604; additional support was provided by Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, and Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 20142015 Universidad de Antioquia. Additional support provided by NSF EF-1550641, EF-1550686, EF-1550756. Data for the northern Arizona sites were funded from grants from the North American Carbon Program/USDA CREES NRI (2004-35111-15057 and 2008-3510119076) and Science Foundation Arizona (CAA 0-20308) to T. Kolb at Northern Arizona University. We thank James T. Randerson for data on Alaska boreal forest, obtained directly from Ameriflux database. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01698 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1698 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400040 ER PT J AU Culp, LA Cohen, EB Scarpignato, AL Thogmartin, WE Marra, PP AF Culp, Leah A. Cohen, Emily B. Scarpignato, Amy L. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Marra, Peter P. TI Full annual cycle climate change vulnerability assessment for migratory birds SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; annual cycle; climate change exposure; climate change vulnerability; climate sensitivity; migratory birds; migratory connectivity; non-breeding season ID SPRING MIGRATION; BREEDING ORIGINS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MIGRANT BIRDS; GLOBAL CHANGE; SONGBIRD; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; RAINFALL; CONNECTIVITY AB Climate change is a serious challenge faced by all plant and animal species. Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are one method to assess risk and are increasingly used as a tool to inform management plans. Migratory animals move across regions and continents during their annual cycles where they are exposed to diverse climatic conditions. Climate change during any period and in any region of the annual cycle could influence survival, reproduction, or the cues used to optimize timing of migration. Therefore, CCVAs for migratory animals best estimate risk when they include climate exposure during the entire annual cycle. We developed a CCVA incorporating the full annual cycle and applied this method to 46 species of migratory birds breeding in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes (UMGL) region of the United States. Our methodology included background risk, climate change exposure x climate sensitivity, adaptive capacity to climate change, and indirect effects of climate change. We compiled information about migratory connectivity between breeding and stationary non-breeding areas using literature searches and U. S. Geological Survey banding and re-encounter data. Climate change exposure (temperature and moisture) was assessed using UMGL breeding season climate and winter climate from non-breeding regions for each species. Where possible, we focused on non-breeding regions known to be linked through migratory connectivity. We ranked 10 species as highly vulnerable to climate change and two as having low vulnerability. The remaining 34 species were ranked as moderately vulnerable. In general, including non-breeding data provided more robust results that were highly individualistic by species. Two species were found to be highly vulnerable throughout their annual cycle. Projected drying will have the greatest effect during the non-breeding season for species overwintering in Mexico and the Caribbean. Projected temperature increases will have the greatest effect during the breeding season in UMGL as well as during the non-breeding season for species overwintering in South America. We provide a model for adaptive management of migratory animals in the face of projected climate change, including identification of priority species, research needs, and regions within non-breeding ranges for potential conservation partnerships. C1 [Culp, Leah A.; Cohen, Emily B.; Scarpignato, Amy L.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Culp, LA (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM culpla@yahoo.com FU Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Division of Migratory Birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the Division of Migratory Birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We also thank Kim Hall (The Nature Conservancy), Sue Haig (U.S. Geological Service), Jeff Hostetler (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), Bruce Peterjohn (U.S. Geological Service), Brandt Ryder (Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center), Stacy Small-Lorenz (Environmental Defense Fund), John Sauer (U.S. Geological Service), Scott Sillett (Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center), and Tom Will (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01565 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1565 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400007 ER PT J AU Dunham, K Grand, JB AF Dunham, Kylee Grand, James B. TI Evaluating models of population process in a threatened population of Steller's eiders: a retrospective approach SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bayesian; conservation; sequential importance sampling; state-space models; threatened species ID WILD ANIMAL POPULATIONS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; POLYSTICTA-STELLERI; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; ALASKA PENINSULA; DYNAMICS MODELS; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; SITE FIDELITY; COMMON EIDERS; INFERENCE AB The Alaskan breeding population of Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1997 in response to declines in abundance and a contraction in their breeding and nesting range. Aerial surveys suggest the breeding population is small and breeds in highly variable numbers, with zero birds counted in five of the last 25 years. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate competing population process models of Alaskan breeding Steller's eiders through comparison of model projections to aerial survey data. To evaluate model efficacy and estimate demographic parameters, we used a Bayesian state-space modeling framework and fit each model to counts from the annual aerial surveys using sequential importance sampling/resampling. The results strongly support that the Alaskan breeding population experiences population-level non-breeding events, and is open to exchange with the larger Russian-Pacific breeding population. Current recovery criteria for the Alaskan breeding population rely heavily on the ability to estimate population viability. Our results provide an informative model of population process that can be used to examine future population states and assess the population in terms of the current recovery and reclassification criteria. C1 [Dunham, Kylee] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dunham, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kzd0024@auburn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Region-Fairbanks Field Office and Migratory Bird Management; ALCFWRU; Auburn University FX We would like to thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Region-Fairbanks Field Office and Migratory Bird Management, ALCFWRU, and Auburn University for project funding. More specifically, we thank Ted Swem, Kate Martin, Julian Fischer, Tuula Hollmen, and David Safine for their assistance in procuring funding. In addition to anonymous reviewers, we would like to thank James Nichols, Mevin Hooten, and Abby Powell of the USGS for their helpful review and comments on this manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01720 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1720 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400009 ER PT J AU Faist, AM Herrick, JE Belnap, J Van Zee, JW Barger, NN AF Faist, Akasha M. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Belnap, Jayne Van Zee, Justin W. Barger, Nichole N. TI Biological soil crust and disturbance controls on surface hydrology in a semi-arid ecosystem SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; disturbance event; drylands; rainfall simulation; runoff; sediment loss; soil surface ID TRAMPLING DISTURBANCE; AGGREGATE STABILITY; MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; CRYPTOGAM COVER; WATER EROSION; MOJAVE DESERT; NEGEV DESERT; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; RANGELAND AB Biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) play an important role in surface hydrologic processes in dryland ecosystems and can be dramatically altered with soil surface disturbance. In this study, through a simulated rainfall experiment, we examined biocrust hydrologic responses to disturbance (trampling and scraping) at different developmental stages on sandy soils on the Colorado Plateau. Our results showed that all disturbance treatments of the early-successional light cyanobacterial biocrusts reduced runoff after 10 min of cumulative rainfall. Scraped and scraped + trampled treatments also reduced runoff after 30 min in the light biocrust when compared to the intact controls but runoff in the trampling treatments was not significantly reduced. Light biocrust sediment loss trended toward a decrease in total amount of sediment lost in all disturbance treatments but not significantly so. In contrast, trampling welldeveloped dark cyano-lichen biocrusts demonstrated an opposite response than the less-developed light biocrusts and increased runoff after 30 min of cumulative rainfall and in total sediment loss relative to intact controls. Scraping in dark crusts did not increase runoff, implying that soil aggregate structure was important to the infiltration process. Well-developed, intact dark biocrusts generally had lower runoff and sediment loss and highest aggregate stability, whereas the less-developed light biocrusts were highest in runoff and sediment loss after disturbance when compared to the controls. These results suggest the importance of maintaining the well-developed dark biocrusts, as they are beneficial for lowering runoff and reducing soil loss and redistribution on the landscape. These data also suggest that upslope patches of light biocrust may either support water transport to downslope vegetation patches or alternatively this runoff may place dark biocrust patches at risk of disruption and loss, given that light patches increase runoff and thus soil erosion potential. C1 [Faist, Akasha M.; Barger, Nichole N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Van Zee, Justin W.] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Faist, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM akasha.faist@colorado.edu FU Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund; USGS Ecosystems program FX We would like to thank Keith Crossland, Dave Wirth, Brandon Stevens, and Heath Powers for help in the field. We would also like to thank Bernadette Graham for running samples for chlorophyll a analysis, Sue Phillips for crew and data management, and Mike Duniway for his helpful comments during the implementation and writeup of this project. This work was generously supported by a grant to Nichole Barger from the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund. Jayne Belnap was supported by the USGS Ecosystems program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01691 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1691 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400018 ER PT J AU Sherwood, JA Debinski, DM Caragea, PC Germino, MJ AF Sherwood, J. A. Debinski, D. M. Caragea, P. C. Germino, M. J. TI Effects of experimentally reduced snowpack and passive warming on montane meadow plant phenology and floral resources SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Balsamorhiza sagittata; climate change; Eriogonum umbellatum; montane meadows; phenology; snowpack ID SUB-ALPINE MEADOW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FROST; ACCLIMATION AB Climate change can have a broad range of effects on ecosystems and organisms, and early responses may include shifts in vegetation phenology and productivity that may not coincide with the energetics and forage timing of higher trophic levels. We evaluated phenology, annual height growth, and foliar frost responses of forbs to a factorial experiment of snow removal (SR) and warming in a high-elevation meadow over two years in the Rocky Mountains, United States. Species included arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata, early-season emergence and flowering) and buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum, semiwoody and late-season flowering), key forbs for pollinator and nectar-using animal communities that are widely distributed and locally abundant in western North America. Snow removal exerted stronger effects than did warming, and advanced phenology differently for each species. Specifically, SR advanced greenup by a few days for B. sagittata to > 2 wk in E. umbellatum, and led to 5- to 11-d advances in flowering of B. sagittata in one year and advances in bud break in 3 of 4 species/yr combinations. Snow removal increased height of E. umbellatum appreciably (similar to 5 cm added to similar to 22.8 cm in control), but led to substantial increases in frost damage to flowers of B. sagittata. Whereas warming had no effects on E. umbellatum, it increased heights of B. sagittata by > 6 cm (compared to 30.7 cm in control plots) and moreover led to appreciable reductions in frost damage to flowers. These data suggest that timing of snowmelt, which is highly variable from year to year but is advancing in recent decades, has a greater impact on these critical phenological, growth, and floral survival traits and floral/nectar resources than warming per se, although warming mitigated early effects of SR on frost kill of flowers. Given the short growing season of these species, the shifts could cause uncoupling in nectar availability and timing of foraging. C1 [Sherwood, J. A.; Debinski, D. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Caragea, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Germino, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Debinski, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM debinski@iastate.edu FU Decagon Devices; Xerces Society; Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; ISU EEOB Department; University of Wyoming NPS Research Station; Idaho NSF EPSCoR [EPS 0814387] FX This research was supported by grants from Decagon Devices, the Xerces Society, the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, ISU EEOB Department, and the University of Wyoming NPS Research Station. Funding was also provided by Idaho NSF EPSCoR (EPS 0814387). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. A very special thanks go to K. McCloskey, J. Brengle, I. Waldron, K. Kindscher, and those who assisted with the field studies throughout the years: D. Nelson, J.J. Sherwood, C. Gause, A. Taylor, M. Kyer, A. Binder, K. Szcodronski, and J. Pink. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01745 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1745 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400037 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Binder, TR Tucker, TR Menzies, J Eyles, N Janssen, J Muir, AM Esselman, PC Wattrus, NJ Krueger, CC AF Riley, Stephen C. Binder, Thomas R. Tucker, Taaja R. Menzies, John Eyles, Nick Janssen, John Muir, Andrew M. Esselman, Peter C. Wattrus, Nigel J. Krueger, Charles C. TI Islands in the ice stream: were spawning habitats for native salmonids in the Great Lakes created by paleo-ice streams? SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Cisco; drumlin; glaciation; lake trout; lake whitefish; spawning habitat ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; IN-SITU INCUBATION; EGG DEPOSITION; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; NORTHERN LAKE; FISH COMMUNITIES; CHINOOK SALMON; HURON; ONTARIO AB Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and cisco Coregonus artedi are salmonid fishes native to the Laurentian Great Lakes that spawn on rocky substrates in the fall and early winter. After comparing the locations of spawning habitat for these species in the main basin of Lake Huron with surficial substrates and the hypothesized locations of fast-flowing Late Wisconsinan paleo-ice streams, we hypothesize that much of the spawning habitat for these species in Lake Huron is the result of deposition and erosion by paleo-ice streams. This hypothesis may represent a new framework for the identification and protection of spawning habitat for these native species, some of which are currently rare or extirpated in some of the Great Lakes. We further suggest that paleo-ice streams may have been responsible for the creation of native salmonid spawning habitat elsewhere in the Great Lakes and in other glaciated landscapes. C1 [Riley, Stephen C.; Tucker, Taaja R.; Esselman, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Binder, Thomas R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Tucker, Taaja R.] CSS Dynamac, 10301 Democracy Lane,Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Menzies, John] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Eyles, Nick] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Janssen, John] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wattrus, Nigel J.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, 2205 E 5th St,Res Lab Bldg 215, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Wattrus, Nigel J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2205 E 5th St,Res Lab Bldg 215, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [GL 00E23010]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL 00E23010). N. Evles wishes to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding. The use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is Contribution 2046 of the USGS Great lakes Science Center, Contribution 23 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (GLATOS) and Contribution 2 of the Society for Trout and Glacier Research (STAGR). NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1111/faf.12173 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EP3QA UT WOS:000397295600011 ER PT J AU Semlitsch, RD Walls, SC Barichivich, WJ O'Donnell, KM AF Semlitsch, Raymond D. Walls, Susan C. Barichivich, William J. O'Donnell, Katherine M. TI Extinction Debt as a Driver of Amphibian Declines: An Example with Imperiled Flatwoods Salamanders SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE; AMBYSTOMA-CINGULATUM; POPULATION DECLINES; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; BIODIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; WETLAND; PERSISTENCE AB A comprehensive view of population declines and their underlying causes is necessary to reverse species loss. Historically, in many cases, a narrow view may have allowed species declines to continue, virtually undetected, for long periods of time (perhaps even decades). We suggest that extinction debt is likely responsible for numerous (perhaps most) amphibian declines and that this perspective should be incorporated into the structure of amphibian research and management. Extinction debt, originally proposed to explain changes in species richness following environmental disturbance, also may refer to the proportion of populations of an individual species that is expected to eventually be lost because of habitat change. A conservation framework to address extinction debt focuses research on threats at the individual, population, and metapopulation levels. This approach will help enhance, restore, and protect specific processes and habitats at the proper scale by directing management to the most vulnerable level and stage of a species. We illustrate this approach using Flatwoods Salamanders, Ambystoma cingulatum and Ambystoma bishopi, which occurred historically throughout the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States but have experienced a greater than 85% loss of populations in recent years. Reversal of these losses is possible only if conservation and recovery efforts encompass individual, population, and metapopulation levels. We illustrate our framework by outlining actions that could be taken at each of these levels to help guide conservation and management of amphibians with complex life cycles and provide options for how to prioritize conservation actions in the face of logistical and budgetary shortfalls. C1 [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 212 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Walls, Susan C.; Barichivich, William J.; O'Donnell, Katherine M.] Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI O'Donnell, Katherine/0000-0001-9023-174X FU DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2155] FX SCW, WJB, and KMO are grateful that RDS expressed his concern about the decline of Flatwoods Salamanders and, in so doing, catalyzed what has become an active, multipartner effort to recover these species. Progress toward recovery would not be where it is today had he not provided the motivation and leadership for these efforts. We thank the participants of the 2013 Flatwoods Salamander Working Group meeting for stimulating some of the ideas and background used in this paper and A. Messerman and J. Mitchell for comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We are grateful to the following for sharing locality data: J. Beane, R. Brandon, R. Brown, K. Buhlmann, N. Castleberry, M. Danaher, D. Dickey, K. Enge, M. Gibson, T. Gorman, C. Guyer, J. Holling, J. Jensen, K. Krysko, J. Macey, L. McBrayer, J. Mott, J. Palis, N. Pasco, A. Resetar, G. Schneider, L. Smith, and A. Yellin. Illustrations of Flatwoods Salamander eggs and the juvenile/adult in Figure 2 were adapted from photographs by P. Hill. This study was funded by the DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (RC-2155). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution number 552 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 51 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1670/16-090 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EK3AF UT WOS:000393797600003 ER PT J AU Lamb, JY Waddle, JH Qualls, CP AF Lamb, Jennifer Y. Waddle, J. Hardin Qualls, Carl P. TI Estimating Occurrence and Detection Probabilities for Stream-Breeding Salamanders in the Gulf Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; UNITED-STATES; DECLINES; DROUGHT; FORESTS; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; HYDROLOGY AB Large gaps exist in our knowledge of the ecology of stream-breeding plethodontid salamanders in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Data describing where these salamanders are likely to occur along environmental gradients, as well as their likelihood of detection, are important for the prevention and management of amphibian declines. We used presence/absence data from leaf litter bag surveys and a hierarchical Bayesian multispecies single-season occupancy model to estimate the occurrence of five species of plethodontids across reaches in headwater streams in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Average detection probabilities were high (range = 0.432-0.942) and unaffected by sampling covariates specific to the use of litter bags (i. e., bag submergence, sampling season, in-stream cover). Estimates of occurrence probabilities differed substantially between species (range = 0.092-0.703) and were influenced by the size of the upstream drainage area and by the maximum proportion of the reach that dried. The effects of these two factors were not equivalent across species. Our results demonstrate that hierarchical multispecies models successfully estimate occurrence parameters for both rare and common streambreeding plethodontids. The resulting models clarify how species are distributed within stream networks, and they provide baseline values that will be useful in evaluating the conservation statuses of plethodontid species within lotic systems in the Gulf Coastal Plain. C1 [Lamb, Jennifer Y.; Qualls, Carl P.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, 118 Coll Dr 5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Lamb, JY (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, 118 Coll Dr 5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM Jennifer.Lamb@eagles.usm.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement [G10AC00689]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship [0940712]; NSF "Molecules to Muscles'' GK-12 Fellowship Award through the University of Southern Mississippi [0947944] FX This work was funded by a U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement (#G10AC00689) and the following grants to JYL: a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 0940712 and an NSF "Molecules to Muscles'' GK-12 Fellowship Award No. 0947944 through the University of Southern Mississippi. We thank L. McCoy, S. Necaise, A. LeVine, and A. Heaton for their assistance in the field. We also thank J. Schaefer, M. Davis, and W. Fields for their input regarding biologically relevant covariates and B. R. Kreiser, B. Morris, and two anonymous reviewers for their editorial assistance. Scientific collection permits were provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (Permits 0728121 and 100213). All work was conducted in accordance with the appropriate institutional animal care guidelines (Permit 11061301). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 554 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 51 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1670/16-050 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EK3AF UT WOS:000393797600014 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Baruch-Mordo, S Patterson, LA Nicot, JP Entrekin, SA Fargione, JE Kiesecker, JM Konschnik, KE Ryan, JN Trainor, AM Saiers, JE Wiseman, HJ AF Maloney, Kelly O. Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Patterson, Lauren A. Nicot, Jean-Philippe Entrekin, Sally A. Fargione, Joseph E. Kiesecker, Joseph M. Konschnik, Kate E. Ryan, Joseph N. Trainor, Anne M. Saiers, James E. Wiseman, Hannah J. TI Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the US SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Shale oil and gas; Hydraulic fracturing; Extraction; Spill rates; Wells Colorado New Mexico; North Dakota; Pennsylvania; Setback regulations ID MARCELLUS SHALE; WEST-VIRGINIA; NATURAL-GAS; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; IMPACTS; KNOWLEDGE; DISPOSAL AB Extraction of oil and gas from unconventional sources, such as shale, has dramatically increased over the past ten years, raising the potential for spills or releases of chemicals, waste materials, and oil and gas. We analyzed spill data associated with unconventional wells from Colorado, New Mexico, Ndrth Dakota and Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2014, where we defined unconventional wells as horizontally drilled into an unconventional formation. We identified materials spilled by state and for each material we summarized frequency, volumes and spill rates. We evaluated the environmental risk of spills by calculating distance to the nearest stream and compared these distances to existing setback regulations. Finally, we summarized relative importance to drinking water in watersheds where spills occurred. Across all four states, we identified 21,300 unconventional wells and 6622 reportedsheds where spills occurred. Across all four states, we identified 21,300 unconventional wells and 6622 reported spills. The number of horizontal well bores increased sharply beginning in the late 2000s; spill rates alsoincreased for all states except PA where the rate initially increased, reached a maximum in 2009 and then decreased. Wastewater, crude oil, drilling waste, and hydraulic fracturing fluid were the materials most often spilled; spilled volumes of these materials largely ranged from 100 to 10,000 L. Across all states, the average distance of spills to a stream was highest in New Mexico (1379 m), followed by Colorado (747 m), North Dakota (598 m) and then Pennsylvania (268 m), and 7.0, 133, and 20.4% of spills occurred within existing surface water setback regulations of 30.5, 61.0, and 91.4 m, respectively. Pennsylvania spills occurred in watersheds with a higher relative importance to drinking water than the other three states. Results from this study can inform risk assessments by providing improved input parameters on volume and rates of materials spilled, and guide regulations and the management policy of spills. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Baruch-Mordo, Sharon; Kiesecker, Joseph M.] Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team, 117 E Mt Ave,Suite 201, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Patterson, Lauren A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, 2111 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nicot, Jean-Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Entrekin, Sally A.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Fargione, Joseph E.] Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Pkwy,Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Konschnik, Kate E.] Harvard Law Sch, Environm Policy Initiat, 4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 607, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trainor, Anne M.] Nature Conservancy, Africa Program, 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Saiers, James E.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Wiseman, Hannah J.] Florida State Univ, Coll Law, 425 W Jefferson St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM kmaloney@usgs.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program; National Science Foundation Sustainability Research Network program [CBET-1240584] FX We thank the various state agencies who have made their oil and gas spill data publically available and the staff at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis who assisted with data scraping. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Adam Benthem of the USGS whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. This work resulted from the SNAPP: Science for Nature and People Partnership Impacts of hydraulic fracturing on water quantity and quality Working Group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Support for Kelly Maloney was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Fisheries Program. Anne Trainor also thanks The Nature Conservancy's NatureNet Science Fellows program. J.-P. Nicot also thanks the database provider IHS (http://www.ihs.com) for access to the Enerdeq database. Joseph Ryan acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation Sustainability Research Network program (CBET-1240584). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 581 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv2016.12.142 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5AZ UT WOS:000394635300035 PM 28043701 ER PT J AU Boyd, ES Yu, RQ Barkay, T Hamilton, TL Baxter, BK Naftz, DL Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Boyd, Eric S. Yu, Ri-Qing Barkay, Tamar Hamilton, Trinity L. Baxter, Bonnie K. Naftz, David L. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI Effect of salinity on mercury methylating benthic microbes and their activities in Great Salt Lake, Utah SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Sulfate reducing bacteria; Desulfobacterium; Methylation; Hypersaline; Biogeochemistry ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; USA; IRON AB Surface water and biota from Great Salt Lake (GSL) contain some of the highest documented concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the United States. In order to identify potential biological sources of MeHg and controls on its production in this ecosystem, THg and MeHg concentrations, rates of Hg(II)-methylation and MeHg degradation, and abundances and compositions of archaeal and bacterial 16 rRNA gene transcripts were determined in sediment along a salinity gradient in GSL. Rates of Hg(II)-methylation were inversely correlated with salinity and were at or below the limits of detection in sediment sampled from areas with hypersaline surface water. The highest rates of Hg(II)-methylation were' measured in sediment with low porewater salinity, suggesting that benthic microbial communities inhabiting less saline environments are supplying the majority of MeHg in the GSL ecosystem. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene transcripts affiliated with the sulfate reducer Desulfobacterium sp. was positively correlated with MeHg Concentrations and Hg(II)methylation rates in sediment, indicating a potential role for this taxon in Hg(II)-methylation in low salinity areas of GSL. Reactive inorganic Hg(II) (a proxy used for Hg(II) available for methylation) and MeHg concentrations were inversely correlated with salinity. Thus, constraints imposed by salinity on Hg(II)-methylating populations and the availability of Hg(II) for methylation are inferred to result in higher MeHg production potentials in lower salinity environments. Benthic microbial MeHg degradation was also most active in lower salinity environments. Collectively, these results suggest an important role for sediment anoxia and microbial sulfate reducers in the production of MeHg in low salinity GSL sub-habitats and may indicate a role for salinity in constraining Hg(II)-methylation and MeHg degradation activities by influencing the availability of Hg(II) for methylation. C1 [Boyd, Eric S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 173520, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Yu, Ri-Qing; Barkay, Tamar] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hamilton, Trinity L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Baxter, Bonnie K.] Westminster Coll, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yu, Ri-Qing] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Boyd, ES (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 173520, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM eboyd@montana.edu FU Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands FX This project was supported by a grant to DLN and MMD and a grant to ESB, TB, and BLB, both from the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 581 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.157 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5AZ UT WOS:000394635300046 PM 28057343 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Batt, AL Benson, R Boone, JS Conerly, O Donohue, MJ King, DN Kostich, MS Mash, HE Pfaller, SL Schenck, KM Simmons, JE Varughese, EA Vesper, SJ Villegas, EN Wilson, VS AF Glassmeyer, Susan T. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Batt, Angela L. Benson, Robert Boone, J. Scott Conerly, Octavia Donohue, Maura J. King, Dawn N. Kostich, Mitchell S. Mash, Heath E. Pfaller, Stacy L. Schenck, Kathleen M. Simmons, Jane Ellen Varughese, Eunice A. Vesper, Stephen J. Villegas, Eric N. Wilson, Vickie S. TI Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Microorganisms; Contaminants of emerging concern; Drinking water; Source water ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WASTE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE PCR; TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE-WATER; ENVIRONMENT AB When chemical or microbial contaminants are assessed for potential effect or possible regulation in ambient and drinking waters, a critical first step is determining if the contaminants occur and if they are at concentrations that may cause human or ecological health concerns. To this end, source and treated drinking water samples from 29 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) were analyzed as part of a two-phase study to determine whether chemical and microbial constituents, many of which are considered contaminants of emerging concern, were detectable in the waters. Of the 84 chemicals monitored in the 9 Phase I DWTPs, 27 were detected at least once in the source water, and 21 were detected at least once in treated drinking water. In Phase II, which was a broader and more comprehensive assessment, 247 chemical and microbial analytes were measured in 25 DVVTPs, with 148 detected at least once in the source water, and 121 detected at least once in the treated drinking water. The frequency of detection was often related to the analyte's contaminant class, as pharmaceuticals and anthropogenic waste indicators tended to be infrequently detected and more easily removed during treatment, while per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic constituents were both more frequently detected and, overall, more resistant to treatment. The data collected as part of this project will be used to help inform evaluation of unregulated contaminants in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glassmeyer, Susan T.; Batt, Angela L.; Donohue, Maura J.; King, Dawn N.; Kostich, Mitchell S.; Mash, Heath E.; Pfaller, Stacy L.; Schenck, Kathleen M.; Varughese, Eunice A.; Vesper, Stephen J.; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] USGS, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] USGS, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269 Fed Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Benson, Robert] US EPA, Reg 8,1595 Wynkoop St,Mail Code 8P-W, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] US EPA, Off Chem Safety & Pollut Prevent, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Conerly, Octavia] US EPA, Off Water Off Sci & Technol, William Jefferson Clinton Bldg,1200 Penn Av, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Simmons, Jane Ellen; Wilson, Vickie S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boone, J. Scott] Mississippi State Chem Lab, 1145 Hand Lab,310 Presidents Cr,POB CR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; batt.angela@epa.gov; benson.bob@epa.gov; sboone@mscl.msstate.edu; conerly.octavia@epa.gov; donohue.maura@epa.gov; king.dawn@epa.gov; kostich.mitchell@epa.gov; mash.heath@epa.gov; pfaller.stacy@epa.gov; Schenck.kathleen@epa.gov; simmonsjane@epa.gov; varughese.eunice@epa.gov; vesper.stephen@epa.gov; villegas.eric@epa.gov; wilson.vickie@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement [DW14922330]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention; Information Collection Rule [2346.01, 2080-0078] FX The research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Interagency Agreement DW14922330 to the U.S. Geological Survey, and through programmatic support of the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USEPA's Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Region 8. Information Collection Rule approval for the Phase II Questionnaire was granted under EPA ICR No. 2346.01, OMB Control No. 2080-0078. This document has been reviewed in accordance with USEPA and USGS policy and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA and mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by USEPA. Any use of trades firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USEPA, the USGS, or the U.S. Government. The authors would like to thank all participating drinking water treatment plants for their involvement in the project and for their assistance in collecting the samples. The authors would also like to thank the following personnel for sample and data analysis assistance: Steve Werner, Steve Zaugg, Mary Noriega, Richard Miltner, Bing Guan, Craig Vigo, Tripp Boone, Christian Byrne, Joseph Ferrario, Nicola Evans, Justin Conley, Laura Rosenblum, Michael Ware, Megan Vogel, Robert Flick, William Sander, Nichole Brinkman, Emily Anneken, and Scott Keely. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 581 BP 909 EP 922 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenV2016.12.004 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5AZ UT WOS:000394635300090 PM 28024752 ER PT J AU Sprague, LA Oelsner, GP Argue, DM AF Sprague, Lori A. Oelsner, Gretchen P. Argue, Denise M. TI Challenges with secondary use of multi-source water-quality data in the United States SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Water quality; Nutrients; Data; Metadata AB Combining water-quality data from multiple sources can help counterbalance diminishing resources for stream monitoring in the United States and lead to important regional and national insights that would not otherwise be possible. Individual monitoring organizations understand their own data very well, but issues can arise when their data are combined with data from other organizations that have used different methods for reporting the same common metadata elements. Such use of multi-source data is termed "secondary use"-the use of data beyond the original intent determined by the organization that collected the data. In this study, we surveyed more than 25 million nutrient records collected by 488 organizations in the United States since 1899 to identify major inconsistencies in metadata elements that limit the secondary use of multi-source data. Nearly 14.5 million of these records had missing or ambiguous information for one or more key metadata elements, including (in decreasing order of records affected) sample fraction, chemical form, parameter name, units of measurement, precise numerical value, and remark codes. As a result, metadata harmonization to make secondary use of these multi source data will be time consuming, expensive, and inexact. Different data users may make different assumptions about the same ambiguous data, potentially resulting in different conclusions about important environmental issues. The value of these ambiguous data is estimated at $US12 billion, a substantial collective investment by water-resource organizations in the United States. By comparison, the value of unambiguous data is estimated at $US8.2 billion. The ambiguous data could be preserved for uses beyond the original intent by developing and implementing standardized metadata practices for future and legacy water-quality data throughout the United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sprague, Lori A.] Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Bldg 53,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Oelsner, Gretchen P.] US Geol Survey, 6700 Edith Blvd NE,Suite B, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Argue, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Sprague, LA (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Bldg 53,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lsprague@usgs.gov; goelsner@usgs.gov; dmargue@usgs.gov OI Sprague, Lori/0000-0003-2832-6662 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment project of the National Water Quality Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the many water-resource organizations monitoring water quality in rivers and streams across the United States. Their efforts have made this and many other studies possible. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers, Laura Shumway with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Neil Dubrovsky with the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the report. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment project of the National Water Quality Program. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 110 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.024 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EK8UT UT WOS:000394200800026 PM 28027524 ER PT J AU Ryan Bellmore, J Duda, JJ Craig, LS Greene, SL Torgersen, CE Collins, MJ Vittum, K AF Ryan Bellmore, J. Duda, Jeffrey J. Craig, Laura S. Greene, Samantha L. Torgersen, Christian E. Collins, Mathias J. Vittum, Katherine TI Status and trends of dam removal research in the United States SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Review ID ELWHA RIVER; DECISION-MAKING; BASE-LINE; RESTORATION; WISCONSIN; SCIENCE; CHANNEL; WASHINGTON; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB Aging infrastructure coupled with growing interest in river restoration has driven a dramatic increase in the practice of dam removal. With this increase, there has been a proliferation of studies that assess the physical and ecological responses of rivers to these removals. As more dams are considered for removal, scientific information from these dam-removal studies will increasingly be called upon to inform decisions about whether, and how best, to bring down dams. This raises a critical question: what is the current state of dam-removal science in the United States? To explore the status, trends, and characteristics of dam-removal research in the U.S., we searched the scientific literature and extracted basic information from studies on dam removal. Our literature review illustrates that although over 1200 dams have been removed in the U.S., fewer than 10% have been scientifically evaluated, and most of these studies were short in duration (<4 years) and had limited ( 1-2 years) or no pre-removal monitoring. The majority of studies focused on hydrologic and geomorphic responses to removal rather than biological and water-quality responses, and few studies were published on linkages between physical and ecological components. Our review illustrates the need for long-term, multidisciplinary case studies, with robust study designs, in order to anticipate the effects of dam removal and inform future decision making. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ryan Bellmore, J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 70124 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Vittum, Katherine] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. [Craig, Laura S.] Amer Rivers, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Greene, Samantha L.; Torgersen, Christian E.] Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Ryan Bellmore, J (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 70124 USA. EM jbellmore@fs.fed.us OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX This article was produced with support from the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We thank Amy East, Chris Magirl, Jim Evans, Kathryn Ronnenberg, Stuart Lane and two anonymous reviewers for their feedback on this manuscript, as well as our fellow Powell Center working group participants for their insights about dam removal and the many discussions that sustained this project. We also thank Jill Baron and Leah Colasuonno for logistical support at the Powell Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, the authors, or their affiliations. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 AR UNSP e1164 DI 10.1002/wat2.1164 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8XT UT WOS:000394904400001 ER PT J AU Valencia, C Carrillo Martinet, M AF Valencia, Cristobal Carrillo Martinet, Maceo TI Local control: authority, resistance, and knowledge production in fracking SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Review ID SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-EDUCATION; NATURAL-RESOURCES; POLITICAL ECOLOGY; ANTHROPOLOGY; ENERGY; RACE; ERA AB In this article, we review recent scholarship on fracking vis-a-vis the crosscutting problems of authority, resistance, and knowledge production. A focus on the sociocultural context within which hydraulic fracturing occurs and is made sense of in the United States provides us an opportunity to show gaps in understandings and propose further research to address them. Additionally, our focus on the US context demonstrates the importance of the historically particular and place-specific nature of resource extraction for understanding fracking as a social process. We argue that factors such as race, history, and colonialism are mobilized or obscured differently by scholars and local actors in order to establish and contest power as well as produce knowledge about fracking. Finally, we are interested in how to make better conceptual use of the future and emerging local debates amongst frontline actors. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Valencia, Cristobal] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Carrillo Martinet, Maceo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Collaborat Conservat Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Valencia, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM valenciaramirez@gmail.com NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA EI 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 AR UNSP e1197 DI 10.1002/wat2.1197 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8XT UT WOS:000394904400005 ER PT J AU Mathewson, PD Moyer-Horner, L Beever, EA Briscoe, NJ Kearney, M Yahn, JM Porter, WP AF Mathewson, Paul D. Moyer-Horner, Lucas Beever, Erik A. Briscoe, Natalie J. Kearney, Michael Yahn, Jeremiah M. Porter, Warren P. TI Mechanistic variables can enhance predictive models of endotherm distributions: the American pika under current, past, and future climates SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity; American pika; biophysical model; climate change; mechanistic model; Ochotona princeps; physiology; species distribution model; temperature ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; GREAT-BASIN; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS; SELECTING THRESHOLDS; IMPACTS; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION AB How climate constrains species' distributions through time and space is an important question in the context of conservation planning for climate change. Despite increasing awareness of the need to incorporate mechanism into species distribution models (SDMs), mechanistic modeling of endotherm distributions remains limited in this literature. Using the American pika (Ochotona princeps) as an example, we present a framework whereby mechanism can be incorporated into endotherm SDMs. Pika distribution has repeatedly been found to be constrained by warm temperatures, so we used Niche Mapper, a mechanistic heat-balance model, to convert macroclimate data to pika- specific surface activity time in summer across the western United States. We then explored the difference between using a macroclimate predictor (summer temperature) and using a mechanistic predictor (predicted surface activity time) in SDMs. Both approaches accurately predicted pika presences in current and past climate regimes. However, the activity models predicted 8-19% less habitat loss in response to annual temperature increases of similar to 3-5 degrees C predicted in the region by 2070, suggesting that pikas may be able to buffer some climate change effects through behavioral thermoregulation that can be captured by mechanistic modeling. Incorporating mechanism added value to the modeling by providing increased confidence in areas where different modeling approaches agreed and providing a range of outcomes in areas of disagreement. It also provided a more proximate variable relating animal distribution to climate, allowing investigations into how unique habitat characteristics and intraspecific phenotypic variation may allow pikas to exist in areas outside those predicted by generic SDMs. Only a small number of easily obtainable data are required to parameterize this mechanistic model for any endotherm, and its use can improve SDM predictions by explicitly modeling a widely applicable direct physiological effect: climate-imposed restrictions on activity. This more complete understanding is necessary to inform climate adaptation actions, management strategies, and conservation plans. C1 [Mathewson, Paul D.; Moyer-Horner, Lucas; Yahn, Jeremiah M.; Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Moyer-Horner, Lucas] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Briscoe, Natalie J.; Kearney, Michael] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Mathewson, PD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53703 USA. EM mathewson@wisc.edu FU UW-Madison Zoology Department; NERP Environmental Decisions Hub; Great Basin LCC; Kosciuszko Foundation; Wilburforce Foundation; World Wildlife Fund FX We thank Chris Lowrey, Donelle Schwalm, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful reviews that improved this work. We thank Chris Ray, Tom Rodhouse, and Matt Shinderman for sharing data on pika presence locations in lava-dominated landscapes. PDM thanks the UW-Madison Zoology Department for one summer of graduate research funding in support of this work. NJB was supported by NERP Environmental Decisions Hub. Data collection on Great Basin pikas benefited from funding by the Great Basin LCC, Kosciuszko Foundation, Wilburforce Foundation, and World Wildlife Fund. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1064 DI 10.1111/gcb.13454 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300009 PM 27500587 ER PT J AU Wauchope, HS Shaw, JD Varpe, O Lappo, EG Boertmann, D Lanctot, RB Fuller, RA AF Wauchope, Hannah S. Shaw, Justine D. Varpe, Oystein Lappo, Elena G. Boertmann, David Lanctot, Richard B. Fuller, Richard A. TI Rapid climate-driven loss of breeding habitat for Arctic migratory birds SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beringia; flyway; MAXENT; mid-Holocene; protected areas; shorebirds; species distribution modelling; waders ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SAMPLING BIAS; MAXENT; SHOREBIRDS; COMPLEXITY; TUNDRA; SHIFTS; REDISTRIBUTION AB Millions of birds migrate to and from the Arctic each year, but rapid climate change in the High North could strongly affect where species are able to breed, disrupting migratory connections globally. We modelled the climatically suitable breeding conditions of 24 Arctic specialist shorebirds and projected them to 2070 and to the mid-Holocene climatic optimum, the world's last major warming event similar to 6000 years ago. We show that climatically suitable breeding conditions could shift, contract and decline over the next 70 years, with 66-83% of species losing the majority of currently suitable area. This exceeds, in rate and magnitude, the impact of the mid-Holocene climatic optimum. Suitable climatic conditions are predicted to decline acutely in the most species rich region, Beringia (western Alaska and eastern Russia), and become concentrated in the Eurasian and Canadian Arctic islands. These predicted spatial shifts of breeding grounds could affect the species composition of the world's major flyways. Encouragingly, protected area coverage of current and future climatically suitable breeding conditions generally meets target levels; however, there is a lack of protected areas within the Canadian Arctic where resource exploitation is a growing threat. Given that already there are rapid declines of many populations of Arctic migratory birds, our results emphasize the urgency of mitigating climate change and protecting Arctic biodiversity. C1 [Wauchope, Hannah S.; Shaw, Justine D.; Fuller, Richard A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Varpe, Oystein] Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Varpe, Oystein] Fram Ctr, Akvaplan Niva, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Lappo, Elena G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Staromonetny Pereulok 29, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Boertmann, David] Aarhus Univ, Inst Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Div, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Wauchope, HS (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM hannah.wauchope@uqconnect.edu.au FU ARC Linkage Project [LP150101059]; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX We thank Jasmine Lee, Hugh Possingham, Danielle Shanahan, Pavel Tomkovich, Marty Wauchope and three anonymous reviewers for comment and discussion, as well as Jeff Hanson, Emily Packer and Claire Runge for technical assistance. The work was funded through ARC Linkage Project LP150101059 and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (Table S2) for making available their model output. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1111/gcb.13404 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300012 PM 27362976 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Harden, J O'Donnell, J Manies, K Jorgenson, T Treat, C Ewing, S AF Jones, Miriam C. Harden, Jennifer O'Donnell, Jonathan Manies, Kristen Jorgenson, Torre Treat, Claire Ewing, Stephanie TI Rapid carbon loss and slow recovery following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal; carbon; collapse-scar bog; peatland; permafrost; permafrost thaw ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; CENTRAL ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEAT ACCUMULATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; THERMOKARST LAKES; CANADA; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS AB Permafrost peatlands store one-third of the total carbon (C) in the atmosphere and are increasingly vulnerable to thaw as high-latitude temperatures warm. Large uncertainties remain about C dynamics following permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands. We used a chronosequence approach to measure C stocks in forested permafrost plateaus (forest) and thawed permafrost bogs, ranging in thaw age from young (< 10 years) to old (> 100 years) from two interior Alaska chronosequences. Permafrost originally aggraded simultaneously with peat accumulation (syngenetic permafrost) at both sites. We found that upon thaw, C loss of the forest peat C is equivalent to similar to 30% of the initial forest C stock and is directly proportional to the prethaw C stocks. Our model results indicate that permafrost thaw turned these peatlands into net C sources to the atmosphere for a decade following thaw, after which post-thaw bog peat accumulation returned sites to net C sinks. It can take multiple centuries to millennia for a site to recover its prethaw C stocks; the amount of time needed for them to regain their prethaw C stocks is governed by the amount of C that accumulated prior to thaw. Consequently, these findings show that older peatlands will take longer to recover prethaw C stocks, whereas younger peatlands will exceed prethaw stocks in a matter of centuries. We conclude that the loss of sporadic and discontinuous permafrost by 2100 could result in a loss of up to 24 Pg of deep C from permafrost peatlands. C1 [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Harden, Jennifer; Manies, Kristen; Treat, Claire] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan] Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jorgenson, Torre] Ecoscience, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Treat, Claire] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ewing, Stephanie] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM miriamjones@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX The authors thank the Innoko NWR and Koyukuk NWR for allowing us to collect samples. The manuscript was significantly improved by two anonymous reviewers and Benjamin Jones. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/gcb.13403 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300014 PM 27362936 ER PT J AU Jin, HR Huang, CQ Lang, MW Yeo, IY Stehman, SV AF Jin, Huiran Huang, Chengquan Lang, Megan W. Yeo, In-Young Stehman, Stephen V. TI Monitoring of wetland inundation dynamics in the Delmarva Peninsula using Landsat time-series imagery from 1985 to 2011 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Inundation mapping; Accuracy assessment; Interannual change; Subpixel water fraction (SWF); Landsat time-series; Delmarva ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; FORESTED WETLANDS; THEMATIC ACCURACY; INVENTORY MAPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER DATA; WATER; LAKES; SURFACE AB Wetlands provide important ecosystem services, the provision of which is largely controlled by fluctuations in inundation and soil saturation. Inundation is highly dynamic and can vary substantially through time in response to multiple drivers, including precipitation and evapotranspiration. This research focused on developing a practical and effective framework for regional, long-term monitoring of wetland inundation dynamics using airborne LiDAR intensity data (Lang et al., 2013) and Landsat time-series imagery. Subpixel water fraction (SWF) maps indicating the percent of surface water within each 30-m pixel were generated on an annual basis over the entire Delmarva Peninsula on the East Coast of the United States from 1985 to 2011. Comprehensive accuracy assessments of the SWF maps were conducted using historical high-resolution aerial photography to determine the reference condition. The assessment resulted in an estimated root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.78% for the sample of open water areas (mean SWF was similar to 40% for this region of the map). Moreover, a separate accuracy assessment targeting inundation in wetlands (i.e. presence or absence of water) yielded an overall accuracy of 93%. Accuracies derived indicated that Landsat data can be calibrated to accurately extract long-term water information at the regional scale. Characteristics of inundation were examined with respect to different wetland types defined by water regime and dominant vegetation types, as well as different physical drivers. Results showed that tidal wetlands typically exhibited more intensive inundation than nontidal wetlands, and a higher degree of inundation was associated with emergent wetlands compared to wetland areas dominated by woody vegetation. Analysis of change drivers revealed that tide exerted a statistically significant influence on coastal inundation with r(2) values of 32-36% and p < 0.01, whereas inundation changes in inland wetland areas were in part driven by precipitation with r(2) values of 25-34% and p < 0.08. Because an up-to-date archive of Landsat imagery is globally available and LiDAR data are becoming increasingly more affordable, the developed framework can be easily implemented to generate a continuous inundation record in many regions of the globe to assist in ongoing and future studies focused on wetland hydrology and wetland management. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jin, Huiran; Huang, Chengquan; Lang, Megan W.; Yeo, In-Young] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yeo, In-Young] Univ Newcastle, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Yeo, IY (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM hrjin@umd.edu; cqhuang@umd.edu; mwlang@umd.edu; in-young.yeo@newcastle.edu.au; svstehma@syr.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change Program [NNX12AG21G]; NASA [NNX11AJ78G]; Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project [67-3A75-13-177]; US Geological Survey [G14AC00259] FX This study was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (contract no: NNX12AG21G). Additional support was provided by the NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program (NNX11AJ78G), the Wetland Component of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project (67-3A75-13-177), and US Geological Survey (G14AC00259). We sincerely thank the three anonymous reviewers for their careful review and many constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NASA or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 26 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.001 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EL1RS UT WOS:000394399300003 ER PT J AU Hamm, PS Caimi, NA Northup, DE Valdez, EW Buecher, DC Dunlap, CA Labeda, DP Lueschow, S Porras-Alfaro, A AF Hamm, Paris S. Caimi, Nicole A. Northup, Diana E. Valdez, Ernest W. Buecher, Debbie C. Dunlap, Christopher A. Labeda, David P. Lueschow, Shiloh Porras-Alfaro, Andrea TI Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Actinobacteria; bats; caves; Pseudogymnoascus; Streptomyces; white-nose syndrome ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; TAXONOMIC EVALUATION; ALTAMIRA CAVE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SELECTIVE ISOLATION; SPAIN; ACTINOBACTERIA AB At least two-thirds of commercial antibiotics today are derived from Actinobacteria, more specifically from the genus Streptomyces. Antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases pose great challenges in the field of microbiology. Cave systems, in which actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant, represent new opportunities for the discovery of novel bacterial species and the study of their interactions with emergent pathogens. White-nose syndrome is an invasive bat disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which has killed more than six million bats in the last 7 years. In this study, we isolated naturally occurring actinobacteria from white-nose syndrome (WNS)-free bats from five cave systems and surface locations in the vicinity in New Mexico and Arizona, USA. We sequenced the 16S rRNA region and tested 632 isolates from 12 different bat species using a bilayer plate method to evaluate antifungal activity. Thirty-six actinobacteria inhibited or stopped the growth of P. destructans, with 32 (88.9%) actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Isolates in the genera Rhodococcus, Streptosporangium, Luteipulveratus, and Nocardiopsis also showed inhibition. Twenty-five of the isolates with antifungal activity against P. destructans represent 15 novel Streptomyces spp. based on multilocus sequence analysis. Our results suggest that bats in western North America caves possess novel bacterial microbiota with the potential to inhibit P. destructans. IMPORTANCE This study reports the largest collection of actinobacteria from bats with activity against Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal causative agent of white-nose syndrome. Using multigene analysis, we discovered 15 potential novel species. This research demonstrates that bats and caves may serve as a rich reservoir for novel Streptomyces species with antimicrobial bioactive compounds. C1 [Hamm, Paris S.; Porras-Alfaro, Andrea] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Caimi, Nicole A.; Northup, Diana E.; Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Valdez, Ernest W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Buecher, Debbie C.] Buecher Biol Consulting, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.; Lueschow, Shiloh] USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Labeda, David P.] USDA, Mycotoxin Prevent & Appl Microbiol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Porras-Alfaro, A (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM a-porras-alfaro@wiu.edu OI Porras-Alfaro, Andrea/0000-0002-9053-7973 FU Eppley Foundation; National Park Service through the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies unit (CPCESU); Carlsbad Caverns National Monument; Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument; Western National Park Association; IDNR; New Mexico Game and Fish Department Share with Wildlife Program; Cave Conservancy Foundation; National Speleological Society Rapid Response Fund; TE, Inc.; RISE (Research Inspiring Student Excellence) program; WIS (Women in Science) program; Bureau of Land Management; Fort Stanton Cave Study Project FX Initial funding that began this study was provided by the Eppley Foundation. Building on this initial funding, further funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service through the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies unit (CPCESU) for work at the El Malpais National monument, Carlsbad Caverns National Monument, and Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. The Western National Park Association provided funding for the El Malpais National Monument work. The Bureau of Land Management and Fort Stanton Cave Study Project funded work in BLM caves 45 and 55 and Fort Stanton Cave, respectively. Additional funding was provided by the IDNR (principal investigator [PI] A. P.-A.), New Mexico Game and Fish Department Share with Wildlife Program, Cave Conservancy Foundation, National Speleological Society Rapid Response Fund, and T&E, Inc. P.S.H. was supported by WIU funding from the RISE (Research Inspiring Student Excellence) and WIS (Women in Science) programs NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 85 IS 4 AR UNSP e03057 DI 10.1128/AEM.03057-16 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EK5JK UT WOS:000393962500024 ER PT J AU Song, YY Song, CC Meng, HN Swarzenski, CM Wang, XW Tan, WW AF Song, Yanyu Song, Changchun Meng, Henan Swarzenski, Christopher M. Wang, Xianwei Tan, Wenwen TI Nitrogen additions affect litter quality and soil biochemical properties in a peatland of Northeast China SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Peatland; Nitrogen deposition; Phospholipid fatty acids; Soil enzyme; Soil labile organic carbon; Eriophorum vaginatum ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; LEAF-LITTER; SUBTROPICAL CHINA; N ADDITION; GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TEMPERATE STEPPE AB Nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient in many peatland ecosystems. Enhanced N deposition, a major component of global climate change, affects ecosystem carbon (C) balance and alters soil C storage by changing plant and soil properties. However, the effects of enhanced N deposition on peatland ecosystems are poorly understood. We conducted a two-year N additions field experiment in a peatland dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum in the Da Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China. Four levels of N treatments were applied: (1) CK (no N added), (2) N1 (6 g N m(-2) yr(-1)), (3) N2 (12 g N m(-2) yr(-1)), and (4) N3 (24 gN m(-2) yr(-1)). Plant and soil material was harvested at the end of the Second growing season. N additions increased litter N and phosphorus (P) content, as well as S-glucosidase, invertase, and acid-phosphatase activity, but decreased litter C:N and C:P ratios. Litter carbon content remained unchanged. N additions increased available NH4+-N and NO3--N as well as total Gram-positive (Gram+), Gram-negative (Gram-), and total bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in shallow soil (0-15 cm depth). An increase in these PLFAs was accompanied by a decrease in soil labile organic C (microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon), and appeared to accelerate decomposition and reduce the stability of the soil C pool. Invertase and urease activity in shallow soils and acid-phosphatase activity in deep soils (15-30 cm depth) was inhibited by N additions. Together, these findings suggest that an increase in N deposition in peatlands could accelerate litter decomposition and the loss of labile C, as well as alter microbial biomass and function. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Yanyu; Song, Changchun; Meng, Henan; Wang, Xianwei; Tan, Wenwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China. [Meng, Henan] Hebei Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci, Shijiazhuang 050000, Peoples R China. [Swarzenski, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Lower Misssissippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, Sherwood Forest Blvd, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Song, CC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China. EM songcc@iga.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571089]; National Key Research and Development Project [2016YFA0602303]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDJ-SSW-DQC013] FX We would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful and constructive reviews of this paper. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41571089), the National Key Research and Development Project (2016YFA0602303), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-DQC013). We thank Mike Osland and Jim Petersen for their helpful remarks on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 100 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.12.025 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA EK6UY UT WOS:000394062600018 ER PT J AU Pepin, KM Kay, SL Golas, BD Shriner, SS Gilbert, AT Miller, RS Graham, AL Riley, S Cross, PC Samuel, MD Hooten, MB Hoeting, JA Lloyd-Smith, JO Webb, CT Buhnerkempe, MG AF Pepin, Kim M. Kay, Shannon L. Golas, Ben D. Shriner, Susan S. Gilbert, Amy T. Miller, Ryan S. Graham, Andrea L. Riley, Steven Cross, Paul C. Samuel, Michael D. Hooten, Mevin B. Hoeting, Jennifer A. Lloyd-Smith, James O. Webb, Colleen T. Buhnerkempe, Michael G. TI Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antibody; antibody kinetics; disease hazard; force of infection; incidence; individual-level variation; influenza; serosurveillance; transmission; within-host ID LONG-TERM; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SEROLOGICAL DATA; AVIAN INFLUENZA; MIXTURE-MODELS; WITHIN-HOST; DYNAMICS; DISEASE; IMMUNITY AB Our ability to infer unobservable disease-dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. Conventional methods for inferring FOI estimate a time-averaged value and are based on population-level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and FOI is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within-host processes to FOI is needed. Specifically, within-host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short-lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual-level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence FOI. Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and Yersinia pestis in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population-level FOI signal can be recovered from individual-level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual-level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross-scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual-based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population-level dynamics of disease. C1 [Pepin, Kim M.; Kay, Shannon L.; Shriner, Susan S.; Gilbert, Amy T.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Golas, Ben D.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miller, Ryan S.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 2155 Ctr Dr,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Graham, Andrea L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Riley, Steven] Imperial Coll, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, London, England. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Drove, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.; Hoeting, Jennifer A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lloyd-Smith, James O.; Buhnerkempe, Michael G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Pepin, KM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kim.m.pepin@aphis.usda.gov RI Graham, Andrea/A-8808-2010 OI Graham, Andrea/0000-0002-6580-2755 FU Research and Policy in Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme; Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health; Department of Homeland Security; RAPIDD; National Science Foundation [OCE-1335657]; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX This research emerged from a workshop funded by the Research and Policy in Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme, Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health and Department of Homeland Security. Thanks to additional workshop participants for contributing talks and ideas during the workshop: Sarah Bevins, Kerri Pedersen, Alan Franklin, Jeff Root, Christine Ellis, Raina Plowright, Angie Luis, David Hayman, Kezia Manlove, Katie Prager, Laurie Baeten, Tom DeLiberto, and Tom Gidlewski. In addition, MGB was funded by RAPIDD. MGB and JOL-S were also funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1335657). KMP was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the functionality of the software and related material nor shall the fact of release constitute any such warranty. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 3 BP 275 EP 292 DI 10.1111/ele.12732 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM2TT UT WOS:000395169300001 PM 28090753 ER PT J AU van Haren, J Dontsova, K Barron-Gafford, GA Troch, PA Chorover, J Delong, SB Breshears, DD Huxman, TE Pelletier, JD Saleska, SR Zeng, XB Ruiz, J AF van Haren, Joost Dontsova, Katerina Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Troch, Peter A. Chorover, Jon Delong, Stephen B. Breshears, David D. Huxman, Travis E. Pelletier, Jon D. Saleska, Scott R. Zeng, Xubin Ruiz, Joaquin TI CO2 diffusion into pore spaces limits weathering rate of an experimental basalt landscape SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION RATES; CHEMICAL DENUDATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE; CARBON; CLIMATE; SEQUESTRATION; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; HILLSLOPE AB Basalt weathering is a key control over the global carbon cycle, though in situ measurements of carbon cycling are lacking. In an experimental, vegetation-free hillslope containing 330 m(3) of ground basalt scoria, we measured real-time inorganic carbon dynamics within the porous media and seepage flow. The hillslope carbon flux (0.6-5.1 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) matched weathering rates of natural basalt landscapes (0.4- 8.8 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) despite lacking the expected field-based impediments to weathering. After rainfall, a decrease in CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in pore spaces into solution suggested rapid carbon sequestration but slow reactant supply. Persistent low soil [CO2] implied that diffusion limited CO2 supply, while when sufficiently dry, reaction product concentrations limited further weathering. Strong influence of diffusion could cause spatial heterogeneity of weathering even in natural settings, implying that modeling studies need to include variable soil [CO2] to improve carbon cycling estimates associated with potential carbon sequestration methods. C1 [van Haren, Joost; Dontsova, Katerina; Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Troch, Peter A.; Chorover, Jon; Delong, Stephen B.; Breshears, David D.; Huxman, Travis E.; Pelletier, Jon D.; Saleska, Scott R.; Zeng, Xubin; Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barron-Gafford, Greg A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Troch, Peter A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Delong, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Environm Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Pelletier, Jon D.; Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ruiz, Joaquin] Univ Arizona, Coll Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP van Haren, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jvanhare@email.arizona.edu FU Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth, Texas, USA); Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions (WEES) initiative at the University of Arizona; Office of the Vice President of Research at the University of Arizona FX We acknowledge support from the Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth, Texas, USA) and its founder, Mr. Edward Bass. Additional support was provided by the Water, Environmental, and Energy Solutions (WEES) initiative at the University of Arizona, and by the Office of the Vice President of Research at the University of Arizona. The use of firm, trade, and brand names does not constitute endorsement by the authors or their employers. The paper benefited greatly from thoughtful comments by M. Winnick, M. Schultz, and anonymous reviewers. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 3 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1130/G38569.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PE UT WOS:000396125100003 ER PT J AU Kunzmann, M Bui, TH Crockford, PW Halverson, GP Scott, C Lyons, TW Wing, BA AF Kunzmann, Marcus Bui, Thi Hao Crockford, Peter W. Halverson, Galen P. Scott, Clint Lyons, Timothy W. Wing, Boswell A. TI Bacterial sulfur disproportionation constrains timing of Neoproterozoic oxygenation SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; IRON SULFIDE; EVOLUTION; PYRITE; OXIDATION; CYCLE; MANGANESE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Various geochemical records suggest that atmospheric O-2 increased in the Ediacaran (635-541 Ma), broadly coincident with the emergence and diversification of large animals and increasing marine ecosystem complexity. Furthermore, geochemical proxies indicate that seawater sulfate levels rose at this time too, which has been hypothesized to reflect increased sulfide oxidation in marine sediments caused by sediment mixing of the newly evolved macrofauna. However, the exact timing of oxygenation is not yet understood, and there are claims for significant oxygenation prior to the Ediacaran. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that physical mixing of sediments did not become important until the late Silurian. Here we report a multiple sulfur isotope record from a ca. 835-630 Ma succession from Svalbard, further supported by data from Proterozoic strata in Canada, Australia, Russia, and the United States, in order to investigate the timing of oxygenation. We present isotopic evidence for onset of globally significant bacterial sulfur disproportionation and reoxidative sulfur cycling following the 635 Ma Marinoan glaciation. Widespread sulfide oxidation helps to explain the observed first-order increase in seawater sulfate concentration from the earliest Ediacaran to the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary by reducing the amount of sulfur buried as pyrite. Expansion of reoxidative sulfur cycling to a global scale also indicates increasing environmental O-2 levels. Thus, our data suggest that increasing atmospheric O-2 levels may have played a role in the emergence of the Ediacaran macrofauna and increasing marine ecosystem complexity. C1 [Kunzmann, Marcus; Bui, Thi Hao; Crockford, Peter W.; Halverson, Galen P.; Wing, Boswell A.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Kunzmann, Marcus; Bui, Thi Hao; Crockford, Peter W.; Halverson, Galen P.; Wing, Boswell A.] McGill Univ, Geotop, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Kunzmann, Marcus] CSIRO Mineral Resources, Australian Resources Res Ctr, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Kunzmann, Marcus] Northern Terr Geol Survey, Darwin, NT 0800, Australia. [Scott, Clint] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lyons, Timothy W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wing, Boswell A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kunzmann, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada.; Kunzmann, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Geotop, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada.; Kunzmann, M (reprint author), CSIRO Mineral Resources, Australian Resources Res Ctr, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.; Kunzmann, M (reprint author), Northern Terr Geol Survey, Darwin, NT 0800, Australia. FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); American Chemical Society; NASA Astrobiology Institute; NSF ELT (Earth-Life Transitions) Program FX We thank Itay Halevy, Ulrich Wortmann, Andre Pellerin, and Erik Sperling for discussions, and Lee Kump, Huiming Bao, Dave Johnston, and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. Wing acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT). Halverson acknowledges funding by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the American Chemical Society. Lyons acknowledges funding by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the NSF ELT (Earth-Life Transitions) Program. Kunzmann publishes with permission of the executive director of the Northern Territory Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1130/G38602.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PE UT WOS:000396125100004 ER PT J AU Bergen, KJ Shaw, JH Leon, LA Dolan, JF Pratt, TL Ponti, DJ Morrow, E Barrera, W Rhodes, EJ Murari, MK Owen, LA AF Bergen, Kristian J. Shaw, John H. Leon, Lorraine A. Dolan, James F. Pratt, Thomas L. Ponti, Daniel J. Morrow, Eric Barrera, Wendy Rhodes, Edward J. Murari, Madhav K. Owen, Lewis A. TI Accelerating slip rates on the Puente Hills blind thrust fault system beneath metropolitan Los Angeles, California, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; DISPLACEMENT; RECURRENCE; MODELS; LENGTH; BASIN; ZONE AB Slip rates represent the average displacement across a fault over time and are essential to estimating earthquake recurrence for probabilistic seismic hazard assessments. We demonstrate that the slip rate on the western segment of the Puente Hills blind thrust fault system, which is beneath downtown Los Angeles, California (USA), has accelerated from similar to 0.22 mm/yr in the late Pleistocene to similar to 1.33 mm/yr in the Holocene. Our analysis is based on syntectonic strata derived from the Los Angeles River, which has continuously buried a fold scarp above the blind thrust. Slip on the fault beneath our field site began during the late-middle Pleistocene and progressively increased into the Holocene. This increase in rate implies that the magnitudes and/or the frequency of earthquakes on this fault segment have increased over time. This challenges the characteristic earthquake model and presents an evolving and potentially increasing seismic hazard to metropolitan Los Angeles. C1 [Bergen, Kristian J.; Shaw, John H.; Morrow, Eric] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leon, Lorraine A.; Dolan, James F.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ponti, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barrera, Wendy; Rhodes, Edward J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rhodes, Edward J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Murari, Madhav K.; Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Shaw, JH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM shaw@eps.harvard.edu FU NSF [EAR-0946261, EAR-0920947, EAR-0711170, EAR-0711220]; Southern California Earthquake Center FX We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) EAR RAPID (Division of Earth Sciences, Rapid Response Research) and Tectonics programs, which facilitated drilling and data collection in a narrow time frame when the site remained accessible (NSF grants EAR-0946261, EAR-0920947, EAR-0711170, and EAR-0711220). We also acknowledge the Southern California Earthquake Center for supporting early studies of the Puente Hills blind thrust fault system that laid the groundwork for this investigation, and the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program for contributions to this effort. We also thank the numerous field assistants that helped us acquire data for this study, and Carling Hay and Erik Chan for their helpful discussions. We are also indebted to the reviewers (Karl Mueller, Christopher Jackson, Christopher Sorlien, and Kate Scharer) for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2017 VL 45 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1130/G38520.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6PE UT WOS:000396125100008 ER PT J AU Hefley, TJ Hooten, MB Hanks, EM Russell, RE Walsh, DP AF Hefley, Trevor J. Hooten, Mevin B. Hanks, Ephraim M. Russell, Robin E. Walsh, Daniel P. TI The Bayesian Group Lasso for Confounded Spatial Data SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Collinearity; Dimension reduction; Generalized linear mixed model; Spatial confounding ID SELECTION; REGRESSION; MODELS; SHRINKAGE; DISEASE; ERRORS AB Generalized linear mixed models for spatial processes are widely used in applied statistics. In many applications of the spatial generalized linear mixed model (SGLMM), the goal is to obtain inference about regression coefficients while achieving optimal predictive ability. When implementing the SGLMM, multicollinearity among covariates and the spatial random effects can make computation challenging and influence inference. We present a Bayesian group lasso prior with a single tuning parameter that can be chosen to optimize predictive ability of the SGLMM and jointly regularize the regression coefficients and spatial random effect. We implement the group lasso SGLMM using efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and demonstrate how multicollinearity among covariates and the spatial random effect can be monitored as a derived quantity. To test our method, we compared several parameterizations of the SGLMM using simulated data and two examples from plant ecology and disease ecology. In all examples, problematic levels multicollinearity occurred and influenced sampling efficiency and inference. We found that the group lasso prior resulted in roughly twice the effective sample size for MCMC samples of regression coefficients and can have higher and less variable predictive accuracy based on out-of-sample data when compared to the standard SGLMM. C1 [Hefley, Trevor J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, State Coll, PA USA. [Russell, Robin E.; Walsh, Daniel P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thefley@ksu.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu; hanks@psu.edu; rerussell@usgs.gov; dwalsh@usgs.gov FU USGS National Wildlife Health Center [G14AC00366] FX We would like to acknowledge Dennis Heisey for his early contributions to development of this research endeavor. We thank Jun Zhu and two anonymous reviewers for valuable insight and discussions about this work. We thank the staff of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for their collaboration in obtaining deer tissue samples and the Wisconsin hunters who provided them. In particular, we thank Erin Larson for maintaining the CWD sample data base. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center via Grant G14AC00366. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 22 IS 1 BP 42 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s13253-016-0274-1 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA EL0MY UT WOS:000394317700003 ER PT J AU Guttery, MR Ribic, CA Sample, DW Paulios, A Trosen, C Dadisman, J Schneider, D Horton, JA AF Guttery, Michael R. Ribic, Christine A. Sample, David W. Paulios, Andy Trosen, Chris Dadisman, John Schneider, Daniel Horton, Josephine A. TI Scale-specific habitat relationships influence patch occupancy: defining neighborhoods to optimize the effectiveness of landscape-scale grassland bird conservation SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grassland birds; Landscape composition; Area sensitive; Patch occupancy; Land use; Scale sensitivity ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; POPULATION TRENDS; AREA-SENSITIVITY; BREEDING BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY AB Beyond the recognized importance of protecting large areas of contiguous habitat, conservation efforts for many species are complicated by the fact that patch suitability may also be affected by characteristics of the landscape within which the patch is located. Currently, little is known about the spatial scales at which species respond to different aspects of the landscape surrounding an occupied patch. Using grassland bird point count data, we describe an approach to evaluating scale-specific effects of landscape composition on patch occupancy. We used data from 793 point count surveys conducted in idle and grazed grasslands across Wisconsin, USA from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate scale-dependencies in the response of grassland birds to landscape composition. Patch occupancy models were used to evaluate the relationship between occupancy and landscape composition at scales from 100 to 3000 m. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) exhibited a pattern indicating selection for grassland habitats in the surrounding landscape at all spatial scales while selecting against other habitats. Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) displayed evidence of scale sensitivity for all habitat types. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) showed a strong positive response to pasture and idle grass at all scales and negatively to cropland at large scales. Unlike other species, patch occupancy by Henslow's Sparrow (A. henslowii) was primarily influenced by patch area. Our results suggest that both working grasslands (pasture) and idle conservation grasslands can play an important role in grassland bird conservation but also highlight the importance of considering species-specific patch and landscape characteristics for effective conservation. C1 [Guttery, Michael R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guttery, Michael R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1800 Glenn Highway,Suite 4, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sample, David W.; Schneider, Daniel] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish Wildlife & Parks, POB 7921, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Paulios, Andy] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish Wildlife & Parks, 3911 Fish Hatchery Rd, Fitchburg, WI 53711 USA. [Dadisman, John; Horton, Josephine A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Trosen, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, St Croix Wetland Management Dist, 1764 95th St, New Richmond, WI 54017 USA. RP Guttery, MR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.guttery@alaska.gov FU US Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership Program; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources under Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project [W-160-P]; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank all the field technicians and volunteers for their help in data collection. We are grateful for the partnership of private landowners, without whom this study would not have been possible. Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership Program, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources under Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-160-P, and US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 32 IS 3 BP 515 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0462-y PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EL0QP UT WOS:000394327200004 ER PT J AU Glenn, EM Lesmeister, DB Davis, RJ Hollen, B Poopatanapong, A AF Glenn, Elizabeth M. Lesmeister, Damon B. Davis, Raymond J. Hollen, Bruce Poopatanapong, Anne TI Estimating density of a territorial species in a dynamic landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Habitat modeling; Carrying capacity; Occupancy rates; Territory density; Northern spotted owl ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; HOME-RANGE; HABITAT SUITABILITY; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOUTHERN OREGON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COAST RANGES; BARRED OWLS AB Conservation planning for at-risk species requires understanding of where species are likely to occur, how many individuals are likely to be supported on a given landscape, and the ability to monitor those changes through time. We developed a distribution model for northern spotted owls that incorporates both habitat suitability and probability of territory occupancy while accounting for interspecies competition. We developed range-wide habitat suitability maps for two time periods (1993 and 2012) for northern spotted owls that accounted for regional differences in habitat use and home range size. We used these maps for a long-term demographic monitoring study area to assess habitat change and estimate the number of potential territories based on available habitat for both time periods. We adjusted the number of potential territories using known occupancy rates to estimate owl densities for both time periods. We evaluated our range-wide habitat suitability model using independent survey data. Our range-wide habitat maps predicted areas suitable for territorial spotted owl presence well. On the demographic study area, the amount of habitat declined 19.7% between 1993 and 2012, while our estimate of the habitat-based carrying capacity declined from 150 to 146 territories. Estimated number of occupied territories declined from 94 to 57. Conservation and recovery of at-risk species depends on understanding how habitat changes over time in response to factors such as wildfire, climate change, biological invasions, and interspecies competition, and how these changes influence species distribution. We demonstrate a model-based approach that provides an effective planning tool. C1 [Glenn, Elizabeth M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon State Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Glenn, Elizabeth M.] Dept Interior Northwest Climate Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lesmeister, Damon B.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Davis, Raymond J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Pacific Northwest Reg, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. [Hollen, Bruce] Oregon State Off, Bur Land Management, 1220 SW 3rd Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Poopatanapong, Anne] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Reg, Reg Off, 1220 SW 3rd Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Glenn, EM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon State Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA.; Glenn, EM (reprint author), Dept Interior Northwest Climate Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM eglenn@usgs.gov FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management FX Funding for monitoring spotted owl populations was primarily provided by USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management as agreed upon under the Northwest Forest Plan. This study was facilitated by over two decades of spotted owl monitoring data that were collected through a large group effort focused on monitoring the effectiveness of the NWFP. Our work would not have been possible without the continued hard work of many dedicated biologists who annually collect the spotted owl data used to train and test our habitat models. We thank the state (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Department of Forestry) and federal (USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDI National Parks Service) agencies for providing spotted owl data to evaluate our models. J. Reid facilitated and graciously responded to questions regarding spotted owl data for the Tyee study area. This publication represents the views of the authors, and any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 32 IS 3 BP 563 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0467-6 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EL0QP UT WOS:000394327200007 ER PT J AU Wood, N Wilson, R Jones, J Peters, J MacMullan, E Krebs, T Shoaf, K Miller, K AF Wood, Nathan Wilson, Rick Jones, Jamie Peters, Jeff MacMullan, Ed Krebs, Tessa Shoaf, Kimberley Miller, Kevin TI Community disruptions and business costs for distant tsunami evacuations using maximum versus scenario-based zones SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Evacuation; Response; California; Business; Vulnerable populations ID MITIGATION AB Well-executed evacuations are key to minimizing loss of life from tsunamis, yet they also disrupt communities and business productivity in the process. Most coastal communities implement evacuations based on a previously delineated maximum-inundation zone that integrates zones from multiple tsunami sources. To support consistent evacuation planning that protects lives but attempts to minimize community disruptions, we explore the implications of scenario-based evacuation procedures and use the California (USA) coastline as our case study. We focus on the land in coastal communities that is in maximum-evacuation zones, but is not expected to be flooded by a tsunami generated by a Chilean earthquake scenario. Results suggest that a scenario-based evacuation could greatly reduce the number of residents and employees that would be advised to evacuate for 24-36 h (178,646 and 159,271 fewer individuals, respectively) and these reductions are concentrated primarily in three counties for this scenario. Private evacuation spending is estimated to be greater than public expenditures for operating shelters in the area of potential over-evacuations ($13 million compared to $1 million for a 1.5-day evacuation). Short-term disruption costs for businesses in the area of potential over-evacuation are approximately $122 million for a 1.5-day evacuation, with one-third of this cost associated with manufacturing, suggesting that some disruption costs may be recouped over time with increased short-term production. There are many businesses and organizations in this area that contain individuals with limited mobility or access and functional needs that may have substantial evacuation challenges. This study demonstrates and discusses the difficulties of tsunami-evacuation decision-making for relatively small to moderate events faced by emergency managers, not only in California but in coastal communities throughout the world. C1 [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Wilson, Rick] Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Jones, Jamie; Peters, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [MacMullan, Ed; Krebs, Tessa] ECONorthwest, 222 SW Columbia St, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Shoaf, Kimberley] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 375 Chipeta Way Ste A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Miller, Kevin] Calif Governors Off Emergency Serv, 30 Van Ness Ave,Ste 3300, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. RP Wood, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; jamiejones@usgs.gov; jpeters@usgs.gov; macmullan@econw.com; krebs@econw.com; kimberley.shoaf@utah.edu; Kevin.Miller@caloes.ca.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program; Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) project FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program and the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) project. We thank Anne Wein of the USGS for thoughtful discussions in the early stages of the work. We thank Mara Tongue of the USGS, Kevin Richards of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, and anonymous journal reviewers for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2017 VL 86 IS 2 BP 619 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2709-y PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EL0RB UT WOS:000394328400007 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ AF Dowsett, Harry J. TI Aerosols shift lake ecosystem SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SUMMER MONSOON C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 3 BP 174 EP 175 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9WD UT WOS:000396349400007 ER PT J AU Buscombe, D AF Buscombe, Daniel TI Shallow water benthic imaging and substrate characterization using recreational-grade sidescan-sonar SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Acoustical remote sensing; Benthic habitat; Sidescan sonar; Habitat mapping ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SCAN SONAR; HABITAT; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTER; BAY; RIVER; SEDIMENTS; GEORGIA; SUITABILITY AB In recent years, lightweight, inexpensive, vessel-mounted 'recreational grade' sonar systems have rapidly grown in popularity among aquatic scientists, for swath imaging of benthic substrates. To promote an ongoing 'democratization' of acoustical imaging of shallow water environments, methods to carry out geometric and radiometric correction and georectification of sonar echograms are presented, based on simplified models for sonar-target geometry and acoustic backscattering and attenuation in shallow water. Procedures are described for automated removal of the acoustic shadows, identification of bed water interface for situations when the water is too turbid or turbulent for reliable depth echosounding, and for automated bed substrate classification based on singlebeam full-waveform analysis. These methods are encoded in an open-source and freely-available software package, which should further facilitate use of recreational-grade sidescan sonar, in a fully automated and objective manner. The sequential correction, mapping, and analysis steps are demonstrated using a data set from a shallow freshwater environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buscombe, Daniel] Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Buscombe, Daniel] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Buscombe, D (reprint author), Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.; Buscombe, D (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM daniel.buscombe@nau.edu OI Buscombe, Daniel/0000-0001-6217-5584 FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Barbara Faggetter provided some file format and sonar information, and the e1e2 module of PyHum is based on her code. Thanks to Ted Melis, Paul Grams, and Michael Yard for helping collect the field data and for helpful discussions. Thanks also to many PyHum users for identifying software bugs, and helpful software suggestions, especially Daniel Hamill, and also Cameron Bodine, Liam Zarri, and Rick Debbout for debugging and testing. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 89 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.12.003 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK0QH UT WOS:000393631400001 ER PT J AU Hollema, HM Kneebone, J McCormick, SD Skomal, GB Danylchuk, AJ AF Hollema, Heather M. Kneebone, Jeff McCormick, Stephen D. Skomal, Greg B. Danylchuk, Andy J. TI Movement patterns of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in a tidal coastal embayment in New England SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Striped bass; Acoustic telemetry; Site fidelity; Habitat use; Massachusetts ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; HABITAT USE; ATLANTIC COAST; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SITE FIDELITY; HOME-RANGE; ESTUARY; MIGRATION; BIOTELEMETRY; CONTINGENTS AB Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are important in commercial and recreational fisheries along the western Atlantic coastline. Although there is a good understanding of their seasonal migration patterns, less is known about the short-term movements of striped bass once they have reached New England coastal embayments during the summer months. Movement patterns were assessed by tagging 35 striped bass (38.5-80.5 cm TL) with acoustic transmitters and tracking them within a fixed array (n =34 receivers) in Plymouth, Kingston, Duxbury (PKD) Bay, MA. The majority of tagged striped bass took up residency within PKD Bay for the summer months. Large juvenile through sub-adult (21-46 cm) and adult bass (>46 cm) remained residents of PKD Bay for periods of 6-75 days and appear to use the estuary as a vital summer foraging area before emigrating from the bay for their southward migration. Changes in activity space estimates were significant over the course of the season and increased with water temperature. There was a general increase of activity space preceding emigration where presence of striped bass was significantly related to water temperature and photoperiod. Various environmental factors influence striped bass movement, and it is important to understand individual patterns and behavioral ecology to make the most educated management decisions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hollema, Heather M.; McCormick, Stephen D.; Danylchuk, Andy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kneebone, Jeff] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 200 Mill Rd,Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Massachusetts Marine Fisheries, 838 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Skomal, Greg B.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way,POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Hollema, HM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM HMTyrrell@gmail.com FU National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS00987] FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation (project number MAS00987). We also appreciate the support of the Duxbury Yacht Club, and in particular Jon Nash and Steve O'Brien for their fishing expertise and excitement about the project. We are very grateful to the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries for providing a boat and the majority of the receiver array, Donald Beers and the Duxbury Harbormasters Office for providing dockage for the research vessel and the use of navigational aids; also to John Chisholm for his help in the field. We would also like to thank all of those who provided detection data, and Erin Snook and Cristina Kennedy for help with data analysis. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 187 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.006 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EJ1WD UT WOS:000393000000019 ER PT J AU Gooch, AMJ Petersen, SL Collins, GH Smith, TS McMillan, BR Eggett, DL AF Gooch, Amy M. J. Petersen, Steven L. Collins, Gail H. Smith, Tom S. McMillan, Brock R. Eggett, Dennis L. TI The impact of feral horses on pronghorn behavior at water sources SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; Equus caballus; Interference competition; Behavioral change; Vigilance behavior; Water source AB Feral horses (Equus callabus) occur throughout the world on all continents except Antarctica. In North America, feral horses occupy 31.6 million acres throughout western North America. Throughout their range, feral horses often share habitat with American pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Since horses are larger and more aggressive than pronghorn, they are considered socially dominant. In the Great Basin of western North America, pronghorn often access water sources where horses occur since habitat preferences are similar. If pronghorn are excluded where water is used by both species, pronghorn fitness may be impaired, especially during dry or droughty periods. The purpose of this study was to investigate interference competition between pronghorn and feral horses at water sources within the Great Basin. We observed horses and pronghorn at high-use water sources and recorded all occurrences and outcomes of pronghorn/horse interactions. We assessed differences in pronghorn behavior in the presence or absence of horses. Pronghorn invested more time on vigilance behavior and less time foraging or drinking in the presence of horses than in their absence. Nearly half of pronghorn/horse interactions resulted in pronghorn exclusion from water. We conclude that as feral horse numbers increase, competition for water will subsequently increase. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gooch, Amy M. J.; Petersen, Steven L.; Smith, Tom S.; McMillan, Brock R.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 4105 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR USA. [Eggett, Dennis L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, 223 TMCB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Petersen, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 4105 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM steven_petersen@byu.edu FU Sheldon NWR; Brigham Young University; Nevada Department of Wildlife FX We appreciate the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge for lodging, transportation, and staff support. We appreciate the Sheldon NWR, Brigham Young University, and the Nevada Department of Wildlife (Michael Cox) for providing research funding. We appreciate Dr. Randy Larsen from Brigham Young University for his statistical consultation and assistance. We also appreciate the many technicians and volunteers who helped with data collection and lab analysis. We thank Brian Day, manager of the Sheldon NWR, for assistance with logistics and housing. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 138 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.11.012 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ0KH UT WOS:000392896800005 ER PT J AU Viola, D McEwen, AS Dundas, CM Byrne, S AF Viola, Donna McEwen, Alfred S. Dundas, Colin M. Byrne, Shane TI Subsurface volatile content of martian double-layer ejecta (DLE) craters SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Cratering; Ices; Impact processes; Mars, surface ID INDUCED HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; IMPACT CRATERS; GROUND ICE; FLUIDIZED EJECTA; ARCADIA PLANITIA; NEAR-SURFACE; MARS; EMPLACEMENT; DEPOSITS; MORPHOLOGIES AB Excess ice is widespread throughout the martian mid-latitudes, particularly in Arcadia Planitia, where double-layer ejecta (DLE) craters also tend to be abundant. In this region, we observe the presence of thermokarstically-expanded secondary craters that likely form from impacts that destabilize a subsurface layer of excess ice, which subsequently sublimates. The presence of these expanded craters shows that excess ice is still preserved within the adjacent terrain. Here, we focus on a 15-km DLE crater that contains abundant superposed expanded craters in order to study the distribution of subsurface volatiles both at the time when the secondary craters formed and, by extension, remaining today. To do this, we measure the size distribution of the superposed expanded craters and use topographic data to calculate crater volumes as a proxy for the volumes of ice lost to sublimation during the expansion process. The inner ejecta layer contains craters that appear to have undergone more expansion, suggesting that excess ice was most abundant in that region. However, both of the ejecta layers had more expanded craters than the surrounding terrain. We extrapolate that the total volume of ice remaining within the entire ejecta deposit is as much as 74 km(3) or more. The variation in ice content between the ejecta layers could be the result of (1) volatile preservation from the formation of the DLE crater, (2) post-impact deposition in the form of ice lenses; or (3) preferential accumulation or preservation of subsequent snowfall. We have ruled out (2) as the primary mode for ice deposition in this location based on inconsistencies with our observations, though it may operate in concert with other processes. Although none of the existing DLE formation hypotheses are completely consistent with our observations, which may merit a new or modified mechanism, we can conclude that DLE craters contain a significant quantity of excess ice today. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Viola, Donna; McEwen, Alfred S.; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dviola@lpl.arizona.edu FU High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) FX We would like to thank Nicholas Gizzi for the production of digital terrain models (DTMs) and Sarah Sutton for training/assistance on DTM production. Helpful reviews from Nadine Barlow and David Weiss greatly enhanced this work. Funding was provided through the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). All images and DTM products used in this study are available through the PDS (http://img.pds.nasa.gov). NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 284 BP 325 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.031 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EI5XM UT WOS:000392569600024 ER PT J AU Inserillo, EA Green, MB Shanley, JB Boyer, JN AF Inserillo, E. Ashley Green, Mark B. Shanley, James B. Boyer, Joseph N. TI Comparing catchment hydrologic response to a regional storm using specific conductivity sensors SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE citizen science; first flush; new water; solute generation; stormflow; tracer ID ISOTOPIC HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; 1ST FLUSH; DRAINAGE BASINS; URBAN CATCHMENT; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; RUNOFF; WATER; EROSION AB A better understanding of stormwater generation and solute sources is needed to improve the protection of aquatic ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health from large runoff events. Much of our understanding of water and solutes produced during stormflow comes from studies of individual, small headwater catchments. This study compared many different types of catchments during a single large event to help isolate landscape controls on streamwater and solute generation, including human-impacted land cover. We used a distributed network of specific electrical conductivity sensors to trace storm response during the post-tropical cyclone Sandy event of October 2012 at 29 catchments across the state of New Hampshire. A citizen science sensor network, Lotic Volunteer for Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, and Stage, provided a unique opportunity to investigate high-temporal resolution stream behavior at a broad spatial scale. Three storm response metrics were analyzed in this study: (a) fraction of new water contributing to the hydrograph; (b) presence of first flush (mobilization of solutes during the beginning of the rain event); and (c) magnitude of first flush. We compared new water and first flush to 64 predictor attributes related to land cover, soil, topography, and precipitation. The new water fraction was positively correlated with low and medium intensity development in the catchment and riparian buffers and with the precipitation from a rain event 9 days prior to Sandy. The presence of first flush was most closely related (positively) to soil organic matter. Magnitude of first flush was not strongly related to any of the catchment variables. Our results highlight the potentially important role of human landscape modification in runoff generation at multiple spatial scales and the lack of a clear role in solute flushing. Further development of regional-scale in situ sensor networks will provide better understanding of stormflow and solute generation across a wide range of landscape conditions. C1 [Inserillo, E. Ashley] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Inserillo, E. Ashley; Green, Mark B.; Boyer, Joseph N.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH USA. [Green, Mark B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Inserillo, EA (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM elizabeth.inserillo@des.nh.gov FU National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) program [EPS-1101245] FX National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) program, Grant/Award Number: EPS-1101245. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1074 EP 1085 DI 10.1002/hyp.11091 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8WT UT WOS:000394901800009 ER PT J AU Nevitt, JM Pollard, DD AF Nevitt, Johanna M. Pollard, David D. TI Impacts of off-fault plasticity on fault slip and interaction at the base of the seismogenic zone SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; GRANITIC ROCK; DEFORMATION FIELDS; ABBOT QUADRANGLE; SEISMIC SLIP; MAGMATIC ARC; SHEAR ZONE; DISPLACEMENT; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE AB Direct observations of faults exhumed from midcrustal depths indicate that distributed inelastic deformation enhances fault slip and interaction across steps. Constrained by field measurements, finite element models demonstrate that the slip distribution for a fault in a Mises elastoplastic continuum differs significantly from that of a linear elastic model fault. Lobes of plastic shear strain align with fault tips and effectively lengthen the fault, resulting in greater maximum slip and increased slip gradients near fault tips. Additionally, distributed plastic shear strain facilitates slip transfer between echelon fault segments. Fault arrays separated by contractional steps, which are subjected to greater mean normal stress and Mises equivalent stress, produce greater maximum slip than do those separated by extensional steps (with no fractures). These results provide insight into fault behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone, with implications for rupture dynamics of discontinuous faults. C1 [Nevitt, Johanna M.; Pollard, David D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nevitt, Johanna M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nevitt, JM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Nevitt, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jnevitt@usgs.gov FU Stanford Rock Fracture Project; McGee Grant; NSF FX We thank Nancye Dawers and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive feedback that significantly improved the manuscript. Field assistance was provided by Ashley Griffith, Libby Ritz, Meredith Townsend, Betsy Madden, Mark McClure, Michael Pollard, Emily Nevitt, and Nick Tokach. Funding was provided by the Stanford Rock Fracture Project, McGee Grant, and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for Josie Nevitt. All data supporting the conclusions of this paper are presented in the text and figures. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1714 EP 1723 DI 10.1002/2016GL071688 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO0TO UT WOS:000396411100012 ER PT J AU Serafin, KA Ruggiero, P Stockdon, HF AF Serafin, Katherine A. Ruggiero, Peter Stockdon, Hilary F. TI The relative contribution of waves, tides, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels on US West Coast sandy beaches SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST COAST; SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE CONTROLS; BARRIER ISLANDS; VARIABILITY; EROSION; RUNUP; GULF; PROJECTIONS; AMERICA AB To better understand how individual processes combine to cause flooding and erosion events, we investigate the relative contribution of tides, waves, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels (TWLs) at the shoreline of U.S. West Coast sandy beaches. Extreme TWLs, defined as the observed annual maximum event and the simulated 100 year return level event, peak in Washington, and are on average larger in Washington and Oregon than in California. The relative contribution of wave-induced and still water levels (SWL) to the 100 year TWL event is similar to that of the annual maximum event; however, the contribution of storm surge to the SWL doubles across events. Understanding the regional variability of TWLs will lead to a better understanding of how sea level rise, changes in storminess, and possible changes in the frequency of major El Nioos may impact future coastal flooding and erosion along the U.S. West Coast and elsewhere. C1 [Serafin, Katherine A.; Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stockdon, Hilary F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Serafin, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kserafin@coas.oregonstate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS); U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA Coastal and Ocean Climate Applications (COCA) program [NA120AR4310195]; NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program (RISA) [NA150AR4310145]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC -2644] FX Tide gauge records are available through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) website. We thank Melisa Menendez and Jorge Perez at the Environmental Hydraulics Institute of the Universidad de Cantabria (IHCantabria) for providing the Global Ocean Wave 2 (GOW2) data. We also thank Thomas Wahl, Nathaniel Plant, and an anonymous reviewer for their reviews and constructive comments. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, the NOAA Coastal and Ocean Climate Applications (COCA) program (NA120AR4310195), the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program (RISA) (NA150AR4310145), and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) (RC -2644). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1002/2016GL071020 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO0TO UT WOS:000396411100027 ER PT J AU Hunt, WG Wiens, JD Law, PR Fuller, MR Hunt, TL Driscoll, DE Jackman, RE AF Hunt, W. Grainger Wiens, J. David Law, Peter R. Fuller, Mark R. Hunt, Teresa L. Driscoll, Daniel E. Jackman, Ronald E. TI Quantifying the demographic cost of human-related mortality to a raptor population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT FECUNDITY; SPANISH IMPERIAL EAGLE; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; INCREASING POPULATION; TERRITORY QUALITY; SIZE; SURVIVAL; CALIFORNIA; BIRDS; PERFORMANCE AB Raptors are exposed to a wide variety of human-related mortality agents, and yet population- level effects are rarely quantified. Doing so requires modeling vital rates in the context of species life-history, behavior, and population dynamics theory. In this paper, we explore the details of such an analysis by focusing on the demography of a resident, tree-nesting population of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the vicinity of an extensive (142 km 2) windfarm in California. During 1994-2000, we tracked the fates of > 250 radio-marked individuals of four life-stages and conducted five annual surveys of territory occupancy and reproduction. Collisions with wind turbines accounted for 41% of 88 uncensored fatalities, most of which were subadults and nonbreeding adults (floaters). A consistent overall male preponderance in the population meant that females were the limiting sex in this territorial, monogamous species. Estimates of potential population growth rate and associated variance indicated a stable breeding population, but one for which any further decrease in vital rates would require immigrant floaters to fill territory vacancies. Occupancy surveys 5 and 13 years later (2005 and 2013) showed that the nesting population remained intact, and no upward trend was apparent in the proportion of subadult eagles as pair members, a condition that would have suggested a deficit of adult replacements. However, the number of golden eagle pairs required to support windfarm mortality was large. We estimated that the entire annual reproductive output of 216-255 breeding pairs would have been necessary to support published estimates of 55-65 turbine blade-strike fatalities per year. Although the vital rates forming the basis for these calculations may have changed since the data were collected, our approach should be useful for gaining a clearer understanding of how anthropogenic mortality affects the health of raptor populations, particularly those species with delayed maturity and naturally low reproductive rates. C1 [Hunt, W. Grainger] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Hunt, W. Grainger; Hunt, Teresa L.; Driscoll, Daniel E.; Jackman, Ronald E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Predatory Bird Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wiens, J. David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Law, Peter R.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Ctr African Conservat Ecol, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Hunt, Teresa L.; Jackman, Ronald E.] Garcia & Associates, San Anselmo, CA USA. [Driscoll, Daniel E.] Amer Eagle Res Inst, Apache Junction, AZ USA. RP Hunt, WG (reprint author), Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA.; Hunt, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Predatory Bird Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM grainger@peregrinefund.org FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [AT-5-15174-01, XAT-6-16459-01, DE-AC36-98-GO10337]; California Energy Commission [CEC-500-97-4033, CEC -500-2006-056]; Kenetech Windpower, Inc. FX The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65688.pdf) Contracts to the University of California, Santa Cruz: AT-5-15174-01, XAT-6-16459-01, and DE-AC36-98-GO10337. The California Energy Commission (http://www.energy.ca.gov/) Contracts to the University of California, Santa Cruz: CEC-500-97-4033 and CEC -500-2006-056. Kenetech Windpower, Inc. (now defunct) funded project startup for several months in 1994. East Bay Regional Park District (http://www.ebparks.org/) funded occasional golden eagle nesting surveys by TLH after 2006. The United States Geological Survey (http://fresc.usgs.gov/) provided stipends (via The Peregrine Fund, Boise Idaho (http://www.peregrnefund.org) to WGH and PRL for data analysis and write-up during 2014-2015. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Garcia and Associates provided support in the form of salaries for authors [TLH, REJ], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the author contributions section. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0172232 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172232 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5VB UT WOS:000394688200056 ER PT J AU Gustine, D Barboza, P Adams, L Griffith, B Cameron, R Whitten, K AF Gustine, David Barboza, Perry Adams, Layne Griffith, Brad Cameron, Raymond Whitten, Kenneth TI Advancing the match-mismatch framework for large herbivores in the Arctic: Evaluating the evidence for a trophic mismatch in caribou SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED DEER; FEMALE CARIBOU; LARGE MAMMALS; REINDEER; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; VEGETATION; PHENOLOGY; HETEROGENEITY AB Climate- induced shifts in plant phenology may adversely affect animals that cannot or do not shift the timing of their reproductive cycle. The realized effect of potential trophic " mismatches " between a consumer and its food varies with the degree to which species rely on dietary income and stored capital. Large Arctic herbivores rely heavily on maternal capital to reproduce and give birth near the onset of the growing season but are they vulnerable to trophic mismatch? We evaluated the long-term changes in the temperatures and characteristics of the growing seasons ( 1970 - 2013), and compared growing conditions and dynamics of forage quality for caribou at peak parturition, peak lactation, and peak forage biomass, and plant senescence between two distinct time periods over 36 years ( 1977 and 2011 - 13). Despite advanced thaw dates ( 7- 12 days earlier), increased growing season lengths ( 15 - 21 days longer), and consistent parturition dates, we found no decline in forage quality and therefore no evidence within this dataset for a trophic mismatch at peak parturition or peak lactation from 1977 to 2011 - 13. In Arctic ungulates that use stored capital for reproduction, reproductive demands are largely met by body stores deposited in the previous summer and autumn, which reduces potential adverse effects of any mismatch between food availability and timing of parturition. Climate- induced effects on forages growing in the summer and autumn ranges, however, do correspond with the demands of female caribou and their offspring to gain mass for the next reproductive cycle and winter. Therefore, we suggest the window of time to examine the match-mismatch framework in Arctic ungulates is not at parturition but in late summer-autumn, where the multiplier effects of small changes in forage quality are amplified by forage abundance, peak forage intake, and resultant mass gains in mother-offspring pairs. C1 [Gustine, David; Adams, Layne] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Barboza, Perry] Texas A&M Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Cameron, Raymond; Whitten, Kenneth] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Gustine, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM dave_gustine@nps.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area.; Use of any trade names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We thank S. Aguilar, S. Arthur, G. Balogh, K. Iles, J. Lawlor, P. Martin, K. Oster, L. Parrett, G. Roffler, R. Ruffner, R. Hart, B. Streever, L. VanSomeren, E. Wald, J. Welch, R. Wilson, and N. Wolf for their varied contributions. This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Manuscript was improved by comments from C. Cuyler, T. Fondell, K. Joly, J. Pearce, and R. Wilson. We dedicate this work to our colleague R. Cameron, who passed away 15 November 2014. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 23 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0171807 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0171807 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5SX UT WOS:000394682400021 ER PT J AU Willacker, JJ Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT AF Willacker, James J. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Mercury Bioaccumulation in Estuarine Fishes: Novel Insights from Sulfur Stable Isotopes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FOOD WEBS; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; YOLO BYPASS; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS; WETLAND; CARBON; MARSH; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Estuaries are transitional habitats characterized by complex biogeochemical and ecological gradients that result in substantial variation in fish total mercury concentrations (THg). We leveraged these gradients and used carbon (delta C-13), nitrogen (delta N-15), and sulfur (delta S-34) stable isotopes to examine the ecological and biogeochemical processes underlying THg bioaccumulation in fishes from the San Francisco Bay Estuary. We employed a tiered approach that first examined processes influencing variation in fish THg among wetlands, and subsequently examined the roles of habitat and within wetland processes in generating larger-scale patterns in fish THg. We found that delta S-34, an indicator of sulfate reduction and habitat specific foraging, was correlated with fish THg at all three spatial scales. Over the observed ranges of es, THg concentrations in fish increased by up to 860% within wetlands, 560% among wetlands, and 291% within specific impounded wetland habitats. In contrast, delta C-13 and delta N-15 were not correlated with THg among wetlands and were only important in low salinity impounded wetlands, possibly reflecting more diverse food webs in this habitat. Together, our results highlight the key roles of sulfur biogeochemistry and ecology in influencing estuarine fish THg, as well as the importance of fish ecology and habitat in modulating the relationships between biogeochemical processes and Hg bioaccumulation. C1 [Willacker, James J.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Willacker, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jwillacker@usgs.gov OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program FX This research was funded by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program. We appreciate the field assistance provided by Terry Adelsbach, Sarah Stoner-Duncan, John Henderson, Lani Stinson, Cathy Johnson, Kevin Aceituno, and Carolyn Marn; and thank Robin Keister for sample processing and analysis. Tom Maurer, Carol Atkins, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory graciously provided logistical support. Martin Fitzpatrick, Jacob Fleck, and three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2131 EP 2139 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05325 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300027 PM 28088848 ER PT J AU Mao, XW Oremland, RS Liu, T Gushgari, S Landers, AA Baesman, SM Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Mao, Xinwei Oremland, Ronald S. Liu, Tong Gushgari, Sara Landers, Abigail A. Baesman, Shaun M. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Acetylene Fuels TCE Reductive Dechlorination by Defined Dehalococcoides/Pelobacter Consortia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHENOGENES STRAIN 195; VINYL-CHLORIDE; PELOBACTER-ACETYLENICUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEHALOGENASE GENE; FERMENTATION; INHIBITION; GROWTH; TRICHLOROETHENE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AB Acetylene (C2H2) can be generated in contaminated groundwater sites as a consequence of chemical degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) by in situ minerals, and C2H2 is known to inhibit bacterial dechlorination. In this study, we show that while high C2H2 (1.3 mM) concentrations reversibly inhibit reductive dechlorination of TCE by Dehalococcoides mccartyi isolates as well as enrichment cultures containing D. mccartyi sp., low C2H2 (0.4 mM) concentrations do not inhibit growth or metabolism of D. mccartyi. Cocultures of Pelobacter SFB93, a C2H2-fermenting bacterium, with D. mccartyi strain 195 or with D. mccartyi strain BAV1 were actively sustained by providing acetylene as the electron donor and carbon source while TCE or cis-DCE served as the electron acceptor. Inhibition by acetylene of reductive dechlorination and methanogenesis in the enrichment culture ANAS was observed, and the inhibition was removed by adding Pelobacter SFB93 into the consortium. Transcriptomic analysis of D. mccartyi strain 195 showed genes encoding for reductive dehalogenases (e.g., tceA) were not affected during the C2H2-inhibition, while genes encoding for ATP synthase, biosynthesis, and Hym hydrogenase were down regulated during C2H2 inhibition, consistent with the physiological observation of lower cell yields and reduced dechlorination rates in strain 195. These results will help facilitate the optimization of TCE-bioremediation at contaminated sites containing both TCE and C2H2. C1 [Mao, Xinwei; Liu, Tong; Gushgari, Sara; Landers, Abigail A.; Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oremland, Ronald S.; Baesman, Shaun M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu FU NIEHS [P42-ES04705-14]; NSF [CBET-1336709]; USGS National Research Program of the Water Mission Area; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; NASA's Exobiology Program [13EXO13-0001] FX This work was funded by grants from NIEHS (P42-ES04705-14), NSF (CBET-1336709), and by support to R.S.O. and S.B. from the USGS National Research Program of the Water Mission Area, the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and by grant 13EXO13-0001 from NASA's Exobiology Program. We thank C. Tiedeman and D. Akob for their constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Disclaimer: Mention of brand-name products does not constitute an endorsement by the USGS. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2366 EP 2372 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05770 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300053 PM 28075122 ER PT J AU Wesner, JS Walters, DM Schmidt, TS Kraus, JM Stricker, CA Clements, WH Wolf, RE AF Wesner, Jeff S. Walters, David M. Schmidt, Travis S. Kraus, Johanna M. Stricker, Craig A. Clements, William H. Wolf, Ruth E. TI Metamorphosis Affects Metal Concentrations and Isotopic Signatures in a Mayfly (Baetis tricaudatus): Implications for the Aquatic-Terrestrial Transfer of Metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD WEBS; CENTROPTILUM-TRIANGULIFER; STABLE ISOTOPES; STREAM; INSECTS; SUBSIDIES; FLUX; CONTAMINANTS; DELTA-N-15; MICROCOSMS AB Insect metamorphosis often results in substantial chemical changes that can alter contaminant concentrations and fractionate isotopes. We exposed larval mayflies (Baetis tricaudatus) and their food (periphyton) to an aqueous zinc gradient (3-340 mu g Zn/l) and measured zinc concentrations at different stages of metamorphosis: larval, subimago, and imago. We also measured changes in stable isotopes (delta N-15 and delta C-13) in unexpoSed mayflies. Larval zinc concentrations were positively related to aqueous zinc, increasing 9-fold across the exposure gradient. Adult zinc concentrations were also positively related to aqueous zinc, but were 7-fold lower than larvae. This relationship varied according to adult substage and sex Tissue concentrations in female imagoes were not related to exposure concentrations, but the converse was true for all other stage-by-sex combinations. Metamorphosis also increased delta N-15 by similar to 0.8 parts per thousand, but not delta C-13. Thus, the main effects of metamorphosis on insect chemistry were large declines in zinc concentrations coupled with increased delta N-15 signatures. For zinc, this change was largely consistent across the aqueous exposure gradient. However, differences among sexes and stages suggest that caution is warranted when using nitrogen isotopes or metal concentrations measured in one insect stage (e.g., larvae) to assess risk to wildlife that feed on subsequent life stages (e.g., adults). C1 [Wesner, Jeff S.] Univ South Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Walters, David M.; Kraus, Johanna M.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wolf, Ruth E.] PerkinElmer Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Wesner, JS (reprint author), Univ South Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM jeff.wesner@usd.edu FU NSF [1145200]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank John Simon for help in the construction and maintenance of the artificial streams, Robert Zuellig for help in locating and identifying B. tricaudatus, and Lauren Hargis for sampling help. Statistical analyses were improved by travel support for JSW to attend a Bayesian workshop at Colorado State University (Training in Bayesian Modeling for Practicing Ecologists, NSF Award #1145200). Primary funding for the experiments was from the U.S. Geological Survey through a research grant to WHC. This research was subjected to USGS review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2438 EP 2446 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05471 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300061 PM 28078890 ER PT J AU Bradley, D Conklin, E Papastamatiou, YP McCauley, DJ Pollock, K Pollock, A Kendall, BE Gaines, SD Caselle, JE AF Bradley, Darcy Conklin, Eric Papastamatiou, Yannis P. McCauley, Douglas J. Pollock, Kydd Pollock, Amanda Kendall, Bruce E. Gaines, Steven D. Caselle, Jennifer E. TI Resetting predator baselines in coral reef ecosystems SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SHARK POPULATIONS; DENSITY; OCEAN; EXTINCTION; ISLANDS; BIOMASS; MARINE; SIZE AB What did coral reef ecosystems look like before human impacts became pervasive? Early efforts to reconstruct baselines resulted in the controversial suggestion that pristine coral reefs have inverted trophic pyramids, with disproportionally large top predator biomass. The validity of the coral reef inverted trophic pyramid has been questioned, but until now, was not resolved empirically. We use data from an eight-year tag-recapture program with spatially explicit, capture-recapture models to re-examine the population size and density of a key top predator at Palmyra atoll, the same location that inspired the idea of inverted trophic biomass pyramids in coral reef ecosystems. Given that animal movement is suspected to have significantly biased early biomass estimates of highly mobile top predators, we focused our reassessment on the most mobile and most abundant predator at Palmyra, the grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos). We estimated a density of 21.3 (95% CI 17.8, 24.7) grey reef sharks/km(2), which is an order of magnitude lower than the estimates that suggested an inverted trophic pyramid. Our results indicate that the trophic structure of an unexploited reef fish community is not inverted, and that even healthy top predator populations may be considerably smaller, and more precarious, than previously thought. C1 [Bradley, Darcy; Kendall, Bruce E.; Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Conklin, Eric; Pollock, Kydd] Nature Conservancy, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [McCauley, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pollock, Amanda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Caselle, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bradley, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM darcybradley@ucsb.edu FU Koaniani Foundation; Nature Conservancy; Marisla Foundation; Benioff Ocean Initiative; NSF [CNS-0960316]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-114408]; Dr. Daniel Vapnek Fellowship (UCSB Bren School); AAUS Kathy Johnston English Scholarship; MRSEC [DMR-1121053] FX We thank The Nature Conservancy staff for support at the Palmyra Atoll research station, the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium, our volunteer field assistants including J. Calhoun, R. Carr, J. Eurich, A. Filous, J. Giddens, M. Hutchinson, S. Larned, R. Most, R. Pollock, K. Stamoulis, J. Schem, M. Shepard, R. Sylva, Y. Watanabe, and T. White. Thanks to K. Weng for use of Palmyra's passive acoustic receiver array. Funding was provided by the Koaniani Foundation (via The Nature Conservancy), Georgia and Deke Welles (via The Nature Conservancy), the Marisla Foundation (JEC), and the Benioff Ocean Initiative (DJM); the Center for Scientific Computing from the CNSI/MRL at UCSB provided access to a high-performance computer cluster (NSF CNS-0960316 and MRSEC DMR-1121053). DB was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-114408), a Dr. Daniel Vapnek Fellowship (UCSB Bren School), and an AAUS Kathy Johnston English Scholarship. This is publication number PARC-0131 from the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 7 BP 1 EP 9 AR 43131 DI 10.1038/srep43131 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL6CA UT WOS:000394706800001 PM 28220895 ER PT J AU Levandowski, W Zellman, M Briggs, R AF Levandowski, Will Zellman, Mark Briggs, Rich TI Gravitational body forces focus North American intraplate earthquakes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE CONVECTION; WESTERN GREAT-PLAINS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; UPPER-MANTLE; LITHOSPHERIC STRESS; COLORADO PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; FAULT SLIP; DENSITY; CRUSTAL AB Earthquakes far from tectonic plate boundaries generally exploit ancient faults, but not all intraplate faults are equally active. The North American Great Plains exemplify such intraplate earthquake localization, with both natural and induced seismicity generally clustered in discrete zones. Here we use seismic velocity, gravity and topography to generate a 3D lithospheric density model of the region; subsequent finite-element modelling shows that seismicity focuses in regions of high-gravity-derived deviatoric stress. Furthermore, predicted principal stress directions generally align with those observed independently in earthquake moment tensors and borehole breakouts. Body forces therefore appear to control the state of stress and thus the location and style of intraplate earthquakes in the central United States with no influence from mantle convection or crustal weakness necessary. These results show that mapping where gravitational body forces encourage seismicity is crucial to understanding and appraising intraplate seismic hazard. C1 [Levandowski, Will; Briggs, Rich] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,DFC MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zellman, Mark] Fugro Consultants Inc, 1726 Cole Blvd,Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80401 USA. RP Levandowski, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, POB 25046,DFC MS966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wlevandowski@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; NEHRP [G15AP00026] FX W.L. was funded by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. M.Z.'s participation was partially funded by NEHRP grant G15AP00026. Oliver Boyd and Chuck Mueller conducted USGS internal reviews. Tony Crone also provided comments. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14314 DI 10.1038/ncomms14314 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK9KA UT WOS:000394242000001 PM 28211459 ER PT J AU Sori, MM Byrne, S Bland, MT Bramson, AM Ermakov, AI Hamilton, CW Otto, KA Ruesch, O Russell, CT AF Sori, Michael M. Byrne, Shane Bland, Michael T. Bramson, Ali M. Ermakov, Anton I. Hamilton, Christopher W. Otto, Katharina A. Ruesch, Ottaviano Russell, Christopher T. TI The vanishing cryovolcanoes of Ceres SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER ICE; DIFFERENTIATION; SATELLITES; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; RATES AB Ahuna Mons is a 4 km tall mountain on Ceres interpreted as a geologically young cryovolcanic dome. Other possible cryovolcanic features are more ambiguous, implying that cryovolcanism is only a recent phenomenon or that other cryovolcanic structures have been modified beyond easy identification. We test the hypothesis that Cerean cryovolcanic domes viscously relax, precluding ancient domes from recognition. We use numerical models to predict flow velocities of Ahuna Mons to be 10-500 m/Myr, depending upon assumptions about ice content, rheology, grain size, and thermal parameters. Slower flow rates in this range are sufficiently fast to induce extensive relaxation of cryovolcanic structures over 10(8)-10(9) years, but gradual enough for Ahuna Mons to remain identifiable today. Positive topographic features, including a tholus underlying Ahuna Mons, may represent relaxed cryovolcanic structures. A composition for Ahuna Mons of >40% ice explains the observed distribution of cryovolcanic structures because viscous relaxation renders old cryovolcanoes unrecognizable. C1 [Sori, Michael M.; Byrne, Shane; Bramson, Ali M.; Hamilton, Christopher W.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bland, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ermakov, Anton I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Otto, Katharina A.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Ruesch, Ottaviano] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sori, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM michael.sori@gmail.com OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1243 EP 1250 DI 10.1002/2016GL072319 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN6LH UT WOS:000396115000007 ER PT J AU Gray, JL Borch, T Furlong, ET Davis, JG Yager, TJ Yang, YY Kolpin, DW AF Gray, James L. Borch, Thomas Furlong, Edward T. Davis, Jessica G. Yager, Tracy J. Yang, Yun-Ya Kolpin, Dana W. TI Rainfall-runoff of anthropogenic waste indicators from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emerging contaminants; Biosolids; Agricultural runoff; GC/MS; Non-point source pollution ID WATER TREATMENT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; STEROID ESTROGENS; FATE; TESTOSTERONE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; HORMONES; FISH; IRRIGATION; EFFLUENTS AB The presence of anthropogenic contaminants such as antimicrobials, flame-retardants, and plasticizers in runoff from agricultural fields applied with municipal biosolids may pose a potential threat to the environment. This study assesses the potential for rainfall-induced runoff of 69 anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs), widely found in household and industrial products, from biosolids amended field plots. The agricultural field containing the test plots was treated with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. AWIs present in soil and biosolids were isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by full-scan gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results for 18 AWIs were not evaluated due to their presence in field blank QC samples, and another 34 did not have sufficient detection frequency in samples to analyze trends in data. A total of 17 AWIs, including 4-nonylphenol, triclosan, and tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, were present in runoff With acceptable data quality and frequency for subsequent interpretation. Runoff samples were collected 5 days prior to and I, 9, and 35 days after biosolids application. Of the 17 AWIs considered, 14 were not detected in pre-application samples, or their concentrations were much smaller than in the sample collected one day after application. A range of trends was observed for individual AWI concentrations (typically from 0.1 to 10 mu g/L) over the course of the study, depending on the combination of partitioning and degradation mechanisms affecting each compound most strongly. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize anthropogenic contaminants from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters and redistribute them to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. For 14 of 17 compounds examined, the potential for runoff remobilization during rainstorms persists even after three 100-year rainstorm-equivalent simulations and the passage of a month. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, James L.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Bldg 95,POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Borch, Thomas; Davis, Jessica G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yager, Tracy J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St Suite 269, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Gray, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Bldg 95,POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlgray@usgs.gov FU Colorado Water Institute (CWI); National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award [EAR 0847683]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Emerging Contaminant Project FX This research was supported by the Colorado Water Institute (CWI) and a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award (EAR 0847683) to T. B. Support also was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Emerging Contaminant Project. The authors thank William Foreman (USGS), Corey Stephens (USGS), Jeff Writer (USGS), Adriane Elliott (CSU), and Kathy Doesken (CSU) for their invaluable technical assistance. The authors also thank Mr. Doug Lingo for the access to his farm. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in the paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 580 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv2016.03.033 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5LS UT WOS:000395353600010 PM 28024750 ER PT J AU Fahrenfeld, NI Delos Reyes, H Eramo, A Akob, DM Mumford, AC Cozzarelli, IM AF Fahrenfeld, N. I. Delos Reyes, Hannah Eramo, Alessia Akob, Denise M. Mumford, Adam C. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Shifts in microbial community structure and function in surface waters impacted by unconventional oil and gas wastewater revealed by metagenomics SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic fracturing; Dormancy and sporulation; Antibiotic resistance genes; Biocides; Sediment ID HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FLUIDS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; SHALE GAS; WELLS; PENNSYLVANIA; EXTRACTION; BIOCIDES; QUALITY; DISPOSAL; BASIN AB Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production produces large quantities of wastewater with complex geochemistry and largely uncharacterized impacts on surface waters. In this study, we assessed shifts in microbial community structure and function in sediments and waters upstream and downstream from a UOG wastewater disposal facility. To do this, quantitative PCR for 16S rRNA and antibiotic resistance genes along with metagenomic sequencing were performed. Elevated conductivity and markers of UOG wastewater characterized sites sampled downstream from the disposal facility compared to background sites. Shifts in overall high level functions and microbial community structure were observed between background sites and downstream sediments. Increases in Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia and decreases in Thaamarchaeota were observed at downstream sites. Genes related to dormancy and sporulation and methanogenic respiration were 18-86 times higher at downstream, impacted sites. The potential for these sediments to serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance was investigated given frequent reports of the use of biocides to control the growth of nuisance bacteria in UOG operations. A shift in resistance profiles downstream of the UOG facility was observed including increases in acrB and mexB genes encoding for multi drug efflux pumps, but not overall abundance of resistance genes. The observed shifts in microbial community structure and potential function indicate changes in respiration, nutrient cycling, and markers of stress in a stream impacted by UOG waste disposal operations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fahrenfeld, N. I.; Delos Reyes, Hannah; Eramo, Alessia] Rutgers State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, 96 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08504 USA. [Akob, Denise M.; Mumford, Adam C.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Fahrenfeld, NI (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, 96 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nfahrenf@rutgers.edu FU Douglass Project; Rutgers University School of Engineering; NLF university startup funds; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was supported by a research stipend to HDR from the Douglass Project, graduate fellowship to AE from Rutgers University School of Engineering, NLF university startup funds, and funding to DMA, IMC, and ACM from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 580 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.079 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5LS UT WOS:000395353600118 PM 28034542 ER PT J AU Barnhart, EP Davis, KJ Varonka, M Orem, W Cunningham, AB Ramsay, BD Fields, MW AF Barnhart, Elliott P. Davis, Katherine J. Varonka, Matthew Orem, William Cunningham, Alfred B. Ramsay, Bradley D. Fields, Matthew W. TI Enhanced coal-dependent methanogenesis coupled with algal biofuels: Potential water recycle and carbon capture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stimulated coal methanogenesis; Coal natural gas ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; BED METHANE; UNITED-STATES; GENERATION; RESOURCE; GAS; ACCUMULATION; CULTIVATION; POPULATIONS; CONSORTIUM AB Many coal beds contain microbial communities that can convert coal to natural gas (coalbed methane). Native microorganisms were obtained from Powder River Basin (PRB) coal seams with a diffusive microbial sampler placed downhole and used as an inoculum for enrichments with different nutrients to investigate microbially-enhanced coalbed methane production (MECoM). Coal-dependent methanogenesis more than doubled when yeast extract (YE) and several less complex components (proteins and amino acids) were added to the laboratory microcosms. Stimulated coal-dependent methanogenesis with peptone was 86% of that with YE while glutamate stimulated activity was 65% of that with YE, and a vitamin mix had only 33% of the YE stimulated activity. For field application of MECoM, there is interest in identifying cost-effective alternatives to YE and other expensive nutrients. In laboratory studies, adding algal extract (AE) with lipids removed stimulated coal-dependent methanogenesis and the activity was 60% of that with YE at 27 d and almost 90% of YE activity at 1406 d. Analysis of British Thermal Unit (BTU) content of coal (a measure of potential energy yield) from long-term incubations indicated >99.5% of BTU content remained after coalbed methane (CBM) stimulation with either AE or YE. Thus, the coal resource remains largely unchanged following stimulated microbial methane production. Algal CBM stimulation could lead to technologies that utilize coupled biological systems (photosynthesis and methane production) that sustainably enhance CBM production and generate algal biofuels while also sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license C1 [Barnhart, Elliott P.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.; Davis, Katherine J.; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Ramsay, Bradley D.; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Varonka, Matthew; Orem, William] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Barnhart, EP (reprint author), Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA.; Fields, MW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM epbarnhart@usgs.gov; matthew.fields@biofilm.montana.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FE0024068]; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; DOE ZERT Program [DE-FC2604NT42262] FX The authors would like to thank Peg Dirkx for generating the conceptual model figure. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Robin Gerlach for computational assistance and methodological guidance. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Elizabeth Meredith, John Wheaton, Simon Bierbach and Erika Peters at the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology for providing access to well HWC-01, groundwater geochemistry data and field assistance. The authors would like to thank Leslie Ruppert and Arthur Clark for insightful discussions about field applications. The authors would like to thank Drs. Richard Macur and Jacob Valenzuela for providing the lipid -extracted algae and Jacob Valenzuela. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Kristen Brileya for culturing assistance. The presented work was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0024068 and by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program. This project was also supported in part by DOE ZERT Program under grant no. DE-FC2604NT42262. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 171 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2017.01.001 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EN4GX UT WOS:000395967100006 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Ruppert, LF AF Jones, Kevin B. Ruppert, Leslie F. TI Leaching of trace elements from Pittsburgh coal mill rejects compared with coal combustion products from a coal-fired power plant in Ohio, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottom ash; Economizer fly ash; Fly ash; Leaching; Pittsburgh coal; Mill rejects ID ETTRINGITE; RESIDUES; SELENIUM; PYRITE; SULFUR; CD; SE; MO; CR AB We investigated the leachability of elements from mill rejects from thehigh-sulfur, bituminous Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal, using the synthetic groundwater leaching procedure (SGLP), long-term leaching (LTL), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and compared their leaching behavior with that of three coal combustion products (CCPs) bottom ash, economizer fly ash, and fly ash from the same coal. None of the environmentally hazardous. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) metals analyzed in the leachates from the mill rejects or the CCPs exceeded U.S. EPA toxicity characteristics (As,Ba,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb, and Se). Most trace elements leached the least from mill rejects and bottom ash and leached the most from fly ash. The elements Ca,Co,Mg,Mn, and Sr, however, were more concentrated in mill reject leachates than CCP leachates. Most trace elements increased in concentration with increasing SGLP and LTL leaching duration, but As and V decreased in concentration with time in mill reject leachates, suggesting sorption or precipitation of these elements was occurring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Kevin B.; Ruppert, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kevinjones@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program FX We thank the operators of the Ohio power plant for allowing collection of samples and publication of our analyses, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency for providing groundwater samples. Comments from Harvey Belkin (U.S. Geological Survey) and two anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program.; Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 171 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2017.01.002 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EN4GX UT WOS:000395967100010 ER PT J AU Patrick, M Orr, T Fisher, G Trusdell, F Kauahikaua, J AF Patrick, Matthew Orr, Tim Fisher, Gary Trusdell, Frank Kauahikaua, James TI Thermal mapping of a pahoehoe laVa flow, Kilauea Volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pahoehoe lava flow; Thermal imagery; Structure from motion; Hazard monitoring ID MAUNA-ULU; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; HAWAII; SURFACE; TUBE; EMPLACEMENT; KUPAIANAHA; INFLATION; ERUPTION; LENGTHS AB Pahoehoe lava flows are a major component of Hawaiian eruptive activity, and an important part of basaltic volcanisth worldwide. In recent years, pahoehoe lava has destroyed homes and threatened parts of Hawaii with inundation and disruption. In this study, we use oblique helicopter-borne thermal images to create high spatial resolution (similar to 1 m) georeferenced thermal maps of the active pahoehoe flow on Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone. Thermal maps were created on 27 days during 2014-2016 in the course of operational monitoring, encompassing a phase of activity that threatened the town of Pahoa. Our results illustrate and reinforce how pahoehoe flows are multicomponent systems consisting of the vent, master tube, distributary tubes, and surface breakouts. The thermal maps accurately depict the distribution and character of pahoehoe breakouts through time, and also delineate the subsurface lava tube. Surface breakouts were distributed widely across the pahoehoe flow, with significant portions concurrently active well upslope of the flow front, often concentrated in clusters of activity that evolved through time. Gradual changes to surface breakout distribution and migration relate to intrinsic processes in the flow, including the slow evolution of the distributary tube system. Abrupt disruptions to this system, and the creation of new breakouts (and associated hazards), were triggered by extrinsic forcing namely fluctuations in lava supply rate at the vent which disrupted the master lava tube. Although the total area of a pahoehoe flow has been suggested to relate to effusion rate, our results show that changes in the proportion of expansion vs. overplating can complicate this relationship. By modifying existing techniques, we estimate time-averaged discharge rates for the flow during 2014-2016 generally in the range of 1-2 m(3) s(-1) (mean: 13 +/- 0.4 m(3) s(-1)) less than half of Kilauea's typical eruption rate on the East Rift Zone and suggestive of a weak eruptive regime during 2014-2016. We caution, however, that this discharge rate approach requires further independent corroboration. The thermal maps provide the first synoptic characterization of pahoehoe flow activity at high spatial resolution, essential both for operational hazard assessment and fundamental understanding of pahoehoe behavior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patrick, Matthew; Orr, Tim; Trusdell, Frank; Kauahikaua, James] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Fisher, Gary] US Geol Survey, Adv Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-562, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Patrick, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX Discussions with Ken Hon improved the manuscript significantly, and we thank him for sharing the original Kalapana flow cooling data. We thank pilot David Okita for considerable assistance with image collection. The thermal camera was purchased with funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Reviews by S. Rowland, C. Hamilton and H. Dietterich greatly improved the manuscript. The use. of brand names is for information only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 332 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.12.007 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9EA UT WOS:000395613000005 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA Whelan, KRT Alvarez, D Echols, K Peterman, PH AF Bargar, Timothy A. Whelan, Kevin R. T. Alvarez, David Echols, Kathy Peterman, Paul H. TI Baseline aquatic contamination and endocrine status in a resident fish of Biscayne National Park SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Biscayne Bay; Polar organic chemical integrative sampler; SPMD; Yeast estrogen screen; Wetland; Wastewater ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; URBAN STORMWATER; WATER; BAY; ESTROGENS; VITELLOGENIN; DISCHARGE; ESTUARIES AB Surface water, sediment, and fish from Biscayne Bay, coastal wetlands adjacent to the Bay, and canals discharging into the Bay were sampled for determination of baseline contamination in Biscayne National Park. While the number of contaminants detected in canal waters was greater during the wet season than the dry season, no seasonal difference was evident for Biscayne Bay or coastal wetland waters. Estrogen equivalency (as 17 beta-estradiol equivalents), as predicted by the Yeast Estrogen Screen, for extracts of passive water samplers deployed in canals and wetlands was elevated during the wet relative to the dry season. Generally, contamination in water, sediments, and fish was greater in the canals than in Biscayne Bay and the wetlands. Guideline levels for sediment contaminant were exceeded most frequently in canals relative to the coastal wetlands and the Bay. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the impact of contaminants in Biscayne National Park. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bargar, Timothy A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Whelan, Kevin R. T.] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Caribbean Network Inventory & Monit, 18001 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33157 USA. [Alvarez, David; Echols, Kathy; Peterman, Paul H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM tbargar@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water Quality Program, National Park Service Water Quality Partnership FX The authors wish to thank the staff of the National Park Service's South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network as well as of Biscayne National Park for their assistance in the field. We also wish to thank Carla Wieser whose help in the field and laboratory was critical for completion of this project. This research was conducted under Biscayne National Park permit #BISC-2010-SCI-0046 and Everglades National Park permit #EVER-2010-SCI-0083. This research was funded by the USGS National Water Quality Program, National Park Service Water Quality Partnership. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.044 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1RX UT WOS:000394399800076 PM 28012734 ER PT J AU Batts, WN LaPatra, SE Katona, R Leis, E Ng, TFF Brieuc, MSO Breyta, RB Purcell, MK Conway, CM Waltzek, TB Delwart, E Winton, JR AF Batts, William N. LaPatra, Scott E. Katona, Ryan Leis, Eric Ng, Terry Fei Fan Brieuc, Marine S. O. Breyta, Rachel B. Purcell, Maureen K. Conway, Carla M. Waltzek, Thomas B. Delwart, Eric Winton, James R. TI Molecular characterization of a novel orthomyxovirus from rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Orthomyxovirus; Rainbow trout; Fish virus; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID INFECTIOUS-SALMON-ANEMIA; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; NUCLEAR EXPORT; NS1 PROTEIN; SALAR L.; DOMAINS; GENOME; CELLS; ISAV AB A novel virus, rainbow trout orthomyxovirus (RbtOV), was isolated in 1997 and again in 2000 from commercially-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Idaho, USA. The virus grew optimally in the CHSE-214 cell line at 15 degrees C producing a diffuse cytopathic effect; however, juvenile rainbow trout exposed to cell culture-grown virus showed no mortality or gross pathology. Electron microscopy of preparations from infected cell cultures revealed the presence of typical orthomyxovirus particles. The complete genome of RbtOV is comprised of eight linear segments of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA having highly conserved 5' and 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences. Another virus isolated in 2014 from steelhead trout (also O. mykiss) in Wisconsin, USA, and designated SttOV was found to have eight genome segments with high amino acid sequence identities (89-99%) to the corresponding genes of RbtOV, suggesting these new viruses are isolates of the same virus species and may be more widespread than currently realized. The new isolates had the same genome segment order and the closest pairwise amino acid sequence identities of 16-42% with Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), the type species and currently only member of the genus Isavirus in the family Orthomyxoviridae. However, pairwise comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences of the 10 RbtOV and SttOV proteins with orthologs from representatives of the established orthomyxoviral genera and a phylogenetic analysis using the PB1 protein showed that while RbtOV and SttOV clustered most closely with ISAV, they diverged sufficiently to merit consideration as representatives of a novel genus. A set of PCR primers was designed using conserved regions of the PB1 gene to produce amplicons that may be sequenced for identification of similar fish orthomyxoviruses in the future. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batts, William N.; Purcell, Maureen K.; Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Katona, Ryan; Leis, Eric] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Ng, Terry Fei Fan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Breyta, Rachel B.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Waltzek, Thomas B.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Delwart, Eric] Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Batts, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bbatts@usgs.gov OI Ng, Terry Fei Fan/0000-0002-4815-8697 FU US Geological Survey; Blood Systems Research; USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership FX Jerry Jones and Bill Shewmaker sampled the juvenile rainbow trout and inoculated the cell cultures at Clear Springs Foods. Susan Marcquenski, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, collected the steelhead trout samples. The authors would like to thank Jacob Gregg at the Marrowstone Field Station, Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey for initial efforts at analyzing the next generation sequencing data for RbtOV-1. We thank Bobbie Schneider, Manager of the Electron Microscopy Core Service Laboratory at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center for her assistance in obtaining the EM images of RbtOV. Partial funding for this research came from the US Geological Survey, Blood Systems Research, and the USGS-USFWS Science Support Partnership. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government, private company, or any affiliated University. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 230 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA EL1QL UT WOS:000394396000006 PM 28088362 ER PT J AU Delorey, AA van der Elst, NJ Johnson, PA AF Delorey, Andrew A. van der Elst, Nicholas J. Johnson, Paul A. TI Tidal triggering of earthquakes suggests poroelastic behavior on the San Andreas Fault SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seismology; earthquake triggering; California; Earth tides; pore pressure ID LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; EARTH TIDES; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; FLUID PRESSURE; STRESS; TREMOR; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; VOLCANO; SEISMICITY AB Tidal triggering of earthquakes is hypothesized to provide quantitative information regarding the fault's stress state, poroelastic properties, and may be significant for our understanding of seismic hazard. To date, studies of regional or global earthquake catalogs have had only modest successes in identifying tidal triggering. We posit that the smallest events that may provide additional evidence of triggering go unidentified and thus we developed a technique to improve the identification of very small magnitude events. We identify events applying a method known as inter-station seismic coherence where we prioritize detection and discrimination over characterization. Here we show tidal triggering of earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. We find the complex interaction of semi-diurnal and fortnightly tidal periods exposes both stress threshold and critical state behavior. Our findings reveal earthquake nucleation processes and pore pressure conditions-properties of faults that are difficult to measure, yet extremely important for characterizing earthquake physics and seismic hazards. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Delorey, Andrew A.; Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Mailstop D446, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [van der Elst, Nicholas J.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Delorey, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Mailstop D446, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM andrew.delorey@lanl.gov; nvanderelst@usgs.gov; paj@lanl.gov OI Delorey, Andrew/0000-0002-5573-8251 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the subTER Crosscut; Mendenhall postdoctoral program FX Waveform data, metadata, or data products for this study were accessed through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), http://dx.doi.org/10.7932/NCEDC and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) http://dx.doi.org/10.7909/C3WD3xH1. The LFE catalog is provided by David Shelly and is an update to the Shelly and Hardebeck (Shelly and Hardebeck, 2010) catalog. The authors wish to thank Earl Lawrence for consultations on statistical methods. AD and PJ received support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the subTER Crosscut and institutional support from Los Alamos National Laboratory. NV received support from the Mendenhall postdoctoral program for this study. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 460 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.014 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ1ZF UT WOS:000393008500018 ER PT J AU Deng, YF Levandowski, W Kusky, T AF Deng, Yangfan Levandowski, Will Kusky, Tim TI Lithospheric density structure beneath the Tarim basin and surroundings, northwestern China, from the joint inversion of gravity and topography SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE joint inversion; lithospheric density; Tarim basin; oceanic plateau; strain partition; depleted mantle lithosphere ID ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; UPPER-MANTLE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SEISMIC VELOCITY; TIEN-SHAN; NW CHINA; WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; OCEANIC PLATEAU; OROGENIC BELT; UNITED-STATES AB Intraplate strain generally focuses in discrete zones, but despite the profound impact of this partitioning on global tectonics, geodynamics, and seismic hazard, the processes by which deformation becomes localized are not well understood. Such heterogeneous intraplate strain is exemplified in central Asia, where the Indo-Eurasian collision has caused widespread deformation while the Tarim block has experienced minimal Cenozoic shortening. The apparent stability of Tarim may arise either because strain is dominantly accommodated by pre-existing faults in the continental suture zones that bound it essentially discretizing Eurasia into microplates or because the lithospheric-scale strength (i.e., viscosity) of the Tarim block is greater than its surroundings. Here, we jointly analyze seismic velocity, gravity, topography, and temperature to develop a 3-0 density model of the crust and upper mantle in this region. The Tarim crust is characterized by high density, v(s), v(p), and v(p)/v(s), consistent with a dominantly mafic composition and with the presence of an oceanic plateau beneath Tarim. Low-density but high-velocity mantle lithosphere beneath southern (southwestern) Tarim underlies a suite of Permian plume-related mafic intrusions and A-type granites sourced in previously depleted mantle lithosphere; we posit that this region was further depleted, dehydrated, and strengthened by Permian plume magmatism. The actively deforming western and southern margins of Tarim-the Tien Shan, Kunlun Shan, and Altyn Tagh fault-are underlain by buoyant upper mantle with low velocity; we hypothesize that this material has been hydrated by mantle-derived fluids that have preferentially migrated along Paleozoic continental sutures. Such hydrous material should be weak, and herein strain focuses there because of lithospheric-scale variations in rheology rather than the pre-existence of faults in the brittle crust. Thus this world-class example of strain partitioning arises not simply from the pre-existence of brittle faults but from the thermo-chemical and therefore rheological variations inherited from prior tectonism. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Deng, Yangfan] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Isotope Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Deng, Yangfan] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Levandowski, Will] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kusky, Tim] China Univ Geosci, Ctr Global Tecton, Sch Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Deng, YF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Isotope Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangfandeng@gig.ac.cn; wlevandowski@usgs.gov FU Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB18020201]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41504069]; State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry [SKBIG-RC-14-03]; USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship FX We are very grateful to Dr. Xuewei Bao and Jiangtao Li for providing us their seismic velocity model. We appreciate Prof. Yigang Xu and Dr. Qiang Ma for valuable discussions. This research was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDB18020201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41504069) and State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry (SKBIG-RC-14-03) to YFD, the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral fellowship to WL. Gravity, topography, and density modeling codes are available at https://github.com/wlevandowski-usgs/Tarim. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the manuscript. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 460 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.051 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ1ZF UT WOS:000393008500026 ER PT J AU Piegay, H Moulin, B Hupp, CR AF Piegay, Herve Moulin, Bertrand Hupp, Cliff R. TI Assessment of transfer patterns and origins of in-channel wood in large rivers using repeated field surveys and wood characterisation (the Isere River upstream of Pontcharra, France) SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY JUL, 2015 CL Padova, ITALY SP Univ Padova, Dept Land & Agroforest Environm, Univ Trento, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Free Univ Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol DE Bank erosion; Trace-element (metals) content; Flow experiment; Wood macromorphology; Wood tracking; Wood budgeting; Physical abrasion; Taxonomic analysis ID FLUVIAL PROCESSES; HEADWATER STREAM; FLUME EXPERIMENT; WESTERN OREGON; AIN RIVER; DEBRIS; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; USA AB When and whence does wood enter large mountain alluvial rivers? How stable through time are characteristics and quantities of wood deposited in a reach? These simple questions related to the complex practice of wood budgeting are explored on the Isere River in France. We hypothesise that (i) the wood originates from the riparian zone all along the alluvial reach and that (ii) the characters and quantity of wood in the reach can vary through time according to flood occurrence and provenance. In order to validate these hypotheses, two complementary approaches were performed: (i) wood pieces were surveyed along 190 km river length and taxonomy, in-channel wood macromorphology, and dendrochemistry were used to infer wood origin (local vs. upstream, respective subbasin contributions) and transport conditions; (ii) wood movement was monitored using both tracking techniques in specific sampling plots and with an experiment orchestrated using wood placement coupled with a significant artificial flood. Surveys were done over a period of 3 years so as to include two distinct sampling events to explore wood deposition and mobilisation within a channel network under different flood conditions. One of the subbasins, the Arly River, underwent a 1-in-30-year flood in 2004, allowing us to assess its effect on in-channel wood quantity and characteristics. Results confirm that wood is primarily introduced by erosion from river banks but they are not always as close as expected from the sites of deposition. Temporal variability of wood introduced, deposited, and transferred downstream is also significant in terms of abundance and origin as shown by dendrochemical and macromorphological signatures. The types of wood observed along the channel length changes through time. Large flood signature can be detected from wood characteristics and uplands make a slight contribution. But in average, wood characteristics do not change much (no significant difference between years and tributaries in wood characteristics based on discriminant analysis). Data suggest that the interannual variability is fairly low, so that the diversity of wood characteristics is maintained by the complex and multiple sources of wood in the network. Further research is needed to better understand such patterns and to study physical breakage in space and time to better infer distance between sources and depositional zones. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Piegay, Herve; Moulin, Bertrand] Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5600, ENS, Lyon, France. [Hupp, Cliff R.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. EM herve.piegay@ens-lyon.fr NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 279 SI SI BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.020 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EI5SN UT WOS:000392555100003 ER PT J AU Hileman, ET King, RB Adamski, JM Anton, TG Bailey, RL Baker, SJ Bieser, ND Bell, TA Bissell, KM Bradke, DR Campa, H Casper, GS Cedar, K Cross, MD DeGregorio, BA Dreslik, MJ Faust, LJ Harvey, DS Hay, RW Jellen, BC Johnson, BD Johnson, G Kiel, BD Kingsbury, BA Kowalski, MJ Lee, YM Lentini, AM Marshall, JC Mauger, D Moore, JA Paloski, RA Phillips, CA Pratt, PD Preney, T Prior, KA Promaine, A Redmer, M Reinert, HK Rouse, JD Shoemaker, KT Sutton, S VanDeWalle, TJ Weatherhead, PJ Wynn, D Yagi, A AF Hileman, Eric T. King, Richard B. Adamski, John M. Anton, Thomas G. Bailey, Robyn L. Baker, Sarah J. Bieser, Nickolas D. Bell, Thomas A., Jr. Bissell, Kristin M. Bradke, Danielle R. Campa, Henry, III Casper, Gary S. Cedar, Karen Cross, Matthew D. DeGregorio, Brett A. Dreslik, Michael J. Faust, Lisa J. Harvey, Daniel S. Hay, Robert W. Jellen, Benjamin C. Johnson, Brent D. Johnson, Glenn Kiel, Brooke D. Kingsbury, Bruce A. Kowalski, Matthew J. Lee, Yu Man Lentini, Andrew M. Marshall, John C. Mauger, David Moore, Jennifer A. Paloski, Rori A. Phillips, Christopher A. Pratt, Paul D. Preney, Thomas Prior, Kent A. Promaine, Andrew Redmer, Michael Reinert, Howard K. Rouse, Jeremy D. Shoemaker, Kevin T. Sutton, Scott VanDeWalle, Terry J. Weatherhead, Patrick J. Wynn, Doug Yagi, Anne TI Climatic and geographic predictors of life history variation in Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus): A range-wide synthesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; SNAKE THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; BODY-SIZE VARIATION; BERGMANNS RULE; HABITAT SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ENDANGERED RATTLESNAKE; NORTHERN POPULATION; THERMAL ECOLOGY; SPATIAL ECOLOGY AB Elucidating how life history traits vary geographically is important to understanding variation in population dynamics. Because many aspects of ectotherm life history are climate-dependent, geographic variation in climate is expected to have a large impact on population dynamics through effects on annual survival, body size, growth rate, age at first reproduction, size-fecundity relationship, and reproductive frequency. The Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) is a small, imperiled North American rattlesnake with a distribution centered on the Great Lakes region, where lake effects strongly influence local conditions. To address Eastern Massasauga life history data gaps, we compiled data from 47 study sites representing 38 counties across the range. We used multimodel inference and general linear models with geographic coordinates and annual climate normals as explanatory variables to clarify patterns of variation in life history traits. We found strong evidence for geographic variation in six of nine life history variables. Adult female snout-vent length and neonate mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation. Litter size decreased with increasing mean temperature, and the size-fecundity relationship and growth prior to first hibernation both increased with increasing latitude. The proportion of gravid females also increased with increasing latitude, but this relationship may be the result of geographically varying detection bias. Our results provide insights into ectotherm life history variation and fill critical data gaps, which will inform Eastern Massasauga conservation efforts by improving biological realism for models of population viability and climate change. C1 [Hileman, Eric T.; King, Richard B.] Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Adamski, John M.] Seneca Pk Zoo, Rochester, NY USA. [Anton, Thomas G.] Field Museum, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL USA. [Bailey, Robyn L.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Baker, Sarah J.; Dreslik, Michael J.; Phillips, Christopher A.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL USA. [Bieser, Nickolas D.; Kingsbury, Bruce A.; Marshall, John C.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Bell, Thomas A., Jr.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. [Bissell, Kristin M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, Grass Lake, MI USA. [Bradke, Danielle R.; Kiel, Brooke D.; Moore, Jennifer A.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Campa, Henry, III] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Casper, Gary S.] Univ Wisconsin, Field Stn, Saukville, WI USA. [Cedar, Karen] Ojibway Nat Ctr, Windsor, ON, Canada. [Cross, Matthew D.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [DeGregorio, Brett A.; Harvey, Daniel S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Faust, Lisa J.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Alexander Ctr Appl Populat Biol, Chicago, IL USA. [Hay, Robert W.] Turtles Tomorrow, Madison, WI USA. [Jellen, Benjamin C.] Urban Chestnut Brewing Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Johnson, Brent D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Johnson, Glenn] SUNY Coll Potsdam, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Kowalski, Matthew J.] Chesapeake Bay Fdn, Richmond, VA USA. [Lee, Yu Man] Michigan State Univ Extens, Michigan Nat Features Inventory, Lansing, MI USA. [Lentini, Andrew M.] Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, Canada. [Mauger, David] Forest Preserve Dist Lake Cty, Libertyville, IL USA. [Paloski, Rori A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Nat Heritage Conservat, Madison, WI USA. [Pratt, Paul D.; Preney, Thomas] Ojibway Nat Ctr, Windsor, ON, Canada. [Prior, Kent A.] Pk Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Promaine, Andrew; Sutton, Scott] Pk Canada, Midland, ON, Canada. [Redmer, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chicago, IL USA. [Reinert, Howard K.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Biol, Ewing, NJ USA. [Rouse, Jeremy D.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Parry Sound, ON, Canada. [Shoemaker, Kevin T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [VanDeWalle, Terry J.] Stantec Consulting Serv Inc, Independence, IA USA. [Weatherhead, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wynn, Doug] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yagi, Anne] Minist Nat Resources, Vineland Stn, ON, Canada. RP Hileman, ET (reprint author), Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM hileman.et@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Edward Lowe Foundation; Northern Illinois University; Columbus Zoo; EMR SSP; Fort Wayne Children's Zoo; Potawatomi Zoo FX This work was supported by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Edward Lowe Foundation, Northern Illinois University, Columbus Zoo, EMR SSP, Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, and Potawatomi Zoo. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 150 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0172011 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172011 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL2BA UT WOS:000394423900043 ER PT J AU McNally, A Arsenault, K Kumar, S Shukla, S Peterson, P Wang, SG Funk, C Peters-Lidard, CD Verdin, JP AF McNally, Amy Arsenault, Kristi Kumar, Sujay Shukla, Shraddhanand Peterson, Pete Wang, Shugong Funk, Chris Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Verdin, James P. TI Data Descriptor: A land data assimilation system for sub-Saharan Africa food and water security applications SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article; Data Paper ID SATELLITE RAINFALL PRODUCTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; WEST-AFRICA; EAST-AFRICA; SURFACE MODEL; PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY; DROUGHT; FRAMEWORK; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION AB Seasonal agricultural drought monitoring systems, which rely on satellite remote sensing and land surface models (LSMs), are important for disaster risk reduction and famine early warning. These systems require the best available weather inputs, as well as a long-term historical record to contextualize current observations. This article introduces the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS), a custom instance of the NASA Land Information System (LIS) framework. The FLDAS is routinely used to produce multi-model and multi-forcing estimates of hydro-climate states and fluxes over semi-arid, food insecure regions of Africa. These modeled data and derived products, like soil moisture percentiles and water availability, were designed and are currently used to complement FEWS NET's operational remotely sensed rainfall, evapotranspiration, and vegetation observations. The 30+ years of monthly outputs from the FLDAS simulations are publicly available from the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) and recommended for use in hydroclimate studies, early warning applications, and by agro-meteorological scientists in Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa. C1 [McNally, Amy] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [McNally, Amy; Arsenault, Kristi; Kumar, Sujay; Wang, Shugong; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arsenault, Kristi; Wang, Shugong] SAIC Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Peterson, Pete; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Peterson, Pete; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Funk, Chris; Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. RP McNally, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; McNally, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amy.l.mcnally@nasa.gov RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA Earth Science Applications: Water Resources program [13-WATER13-0010]; NASA ROSES [08-0070]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the NASA Earth Science Applications: Water Resources program award 13-WATER13-0010. Computing was supported by the resources at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS).; Initial support was provided by NASA ROSES Decisions-08-0070 'A Land Data Assimilation System for Famine Early Warning', continued support provided by FEWS NET's Participating Agency Program Agreement Water Availability Monitoring Activity. Some analyses and visualizations used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. Distribution of data from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). We would also like to thank Diego Pedreros for WRSI estimates, Shahriar Pervez for feedback on remotely sensed and FLDAS soil moisture comparisons, and Greg Husak for feedback on earlier versions of the figures and analysis. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 4 AR UNSP 170012 DI 10.1038/sdata.2017.12 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK3VF UT WOS:000393855800002 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Hoover, D Hubbard, DM Snyder, A Ludka, BC Allan, J Kaminsky, GM Ruggiero, P Gallien, TW Gabel, L McCandless, D Weiner, HM Cohn, N Anderson, DL Serafin, KA AF Barnard, Patrick L. Hoover, Daniel Hubbard, David M. Snyder, Alex Ludka, Bonnie C. Allan, Jonathan Kaminsky, George M. Ruggiero, Peter Gallien, Timu W. Gabel, Laura McCandless, Diana Weiner, Heather M. Cohn, Nicholas Anderson, Dylan L. Serafin, Katherine A. TI Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015-2016 El Nino SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WAVE CLIMATE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA DROUGHT; EASTERN PACIFIC; LITTORAL CELL; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; EVENTS; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability across the Pacific Ocean basin, with influence on the global climate. The two end members of the cycle, El Nino and La Nina, force anomalous oceanographic conditions and coastal response along the Pacific margin, exposing many heavily populated regions to increased coastal flooding and erosion hazards. However, a quantitative record of coastal impacts is spatially limited and temporally restricted to only the most recent events. Here we report on the oceanographic forcing and coastal response of the 2015-2016 El Nino, one of the strongest of the last 145 years. We show that winter wave energy equalled or exceeded measured historical maxima across the US West Coast, corresponding to anomalously large beach erosion across the region. Shorelines in many areas retreated beyond previously measured landward extremes, particularly along the sediment-starved California coast. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Hoover, Daniel; Snyder, Alex] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hubbard, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ludka, Bonnie C.; Gallien, Timu W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Allan, Jonathan; Gabel, Laura] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kaminsky, George M.; McCandless, Diana; Weiner, Heather M.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Ruggiero, Peter; Cohn, Nicholas; Serafin, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gallien, Timu W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Anderson, Dylan L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov OI Barnard, Patrick/0000-0003-1414-6476 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers; California Department of Parks and Recreation; Division of Boating and Waterways; United States Geological Survey; Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS); National Science Foundation FX Beach survey data collection was funded by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways, United States Geological Survey, Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS) and the National Science Foundation. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14365 DI 10.1038/ncomms14365 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK3VY UT WOS:000393857700001 PM 28195580 ER PT J AU Randt, LA Benscoter, AM Harvey, R Speroterra, C Bucklin, D Romanach, SS Watling, JI Mazzotti, FJ AF Randt, Laura A. Benscoter, Allison M. Harvey, Rebecca Speroterra, Carolina Bucklin, David Romanach, Stephanie S. Watling, James I. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Comparison of climate envelope models developed using expert-selected variables versus statistical selection SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate adaptation; Conservation planning; Expert opinion; Florida; Threatened and endangered species ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIOCLIMATIC ENVELOPE; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; RANGE SHIFTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OPINION; PERFORMANCE; SCALE AB Climate envelope models are widely used to describe potential future distribution of species under different climate change scenarios. It is broadly recognized that there are both strengths and limitations to using climate envelope models and that outcomes are sensitive to initial assumptions, inputs, and modeling methods Selection of predictor variables, a central step in modeling, is one of the areas where different techniques can yield varying results. Selection of climate variables to use as predictors is often done using statistical approaches that develop correlations between occurrences and climate data. These approaches have received criticism in that they rely on the statistical properties of the data rather than directly incorporating biological information about species responses to temperature and precipitation. We evaluated and compared models and prediction maps for 15 threatened or endangered species in Florida based on two variable selection techniques: expert opinion and a statistical method. We compared model performance between these two approaches for contemporary predictions, and the spatial correlation, spatial overlap and area predicted for contemporary and future climate predictions. In general, experts identified more variables as being important than the statistical method and there was low overlap in the variable sets (<40%) between the two methods Despite these differences in variable sets (expert versus statistical), models had high performance metrics (>0.9 for area under the curve (AUC) and >0.7 for true skill statistic (TSS). Spatial overlap, which compares the spatial configuration between maps constructed using the different variable selection techniques, was only moderate overall (about 60%), with a great deal of variability across species. Difference in spatial overlap was even greater under future climate projections, indicating additional divergence of model outputs from different variable selection techniques. Our work is in agreement with other studies which have found that for broad-scale species distribution modeling, using statistical methods of variable selection is a useful first step, especially when there is a need to model a large number of species or expert knowledge of the species is limited. Expert input can then be used to refine models that seem unrealistic or for species that experts believe are particularly sensitive to change. It also emphasizes the importance of using multiple models to reduce uncertainty and improve map outputs for conservation planning. Where outputs overlap or show the same direction of change there is greater certainty in the predictions. Areas of disagreement can be used for learning by asking why the models do not agree, and may highlight areas where additional on-the-ground data collection could improve the models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Randt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Benscoter, Allison M.; Harvey, Rebecca; Speroterra, Carolina; Bucklin, David; Watling, James I.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Benscoter, Allison M.; Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, 3321 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Watling, James I.] John Carroll Univ, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. RP Randt, LA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Laura_brandt@fws.gov; sromanach@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit); U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science) FX Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit) and U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank L. Pearlstine for support and encouragement throughout the project and the following people for providing valuable input in development and completion of the survey: K. Ashton, M. Barrett, O. Bass, R. Beilfuss, C. Belden, R. Bennetts, R. Bowman, D. Breininger, V. Briggs, B. Brooks, L. Bryan, F. Chavez-Ramirez, M. Cherkiss, J. Cohen, J. Curnutt, F. Cuthbert, J. Dwyer, J. Fitzpatrick, M. Folk, E. Forys, P. Frederick, K. Hart, N. Hyslop, D. Jansen, W. Kitchens, D. LaFever, D. Land, R. Lopez, J. Martin, E. McCoy, J.M. Meyers, J. Morrison, R. Murphy, H. Mushinsky, I. Nisbet, E. Pearlstine, D. Perkins, J. Ramos, C. Rudolph, D. Saenz, J. Saliva, G. Shriver, N. Silvy, D. Stevenson, P. Vickery, T. Virzi, J. Walters, and R. Zambrano. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 345 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.016 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ5HP UT WOS:000393248700002 ER PT J AU Barnosky, AD Hadly, EA Gonzalez, P Head, J Polly, PD Lawing, AM Eronen, JT Ackerly, DD Alex, K Biber, E Blois, J Brashares, J Ceballos, G Davis, E Dietl, GP Dirzo, R Doremus, H Fortelius, M Greene, HW Hellmann, J Hickler, T Jackson, ST Kemp, M Koch, PL Kremen, C Lindsey, EL Looy, C Marshall, CR Mendenhall, C Mulch, A Mychajliw, AM Nowak, C Ramakrishnan, U Schnitzler, J Das Shrestha, K Solari, K Stegner, L Stegner, MA Stenseth, NC Wake, MH Zhang, ZB AF Barnosky, Anthony D. Hadly, Elizabeth A. Gonzalez, Patrick Head, Jason Polly, P. David Lawing, A. Michelle Eronen, Jussi T. Ackerly, David D. Alex, Ken Biber, Eric Blois, Jessica Brashares, Justin Ceballos, Gerardo Davis, Edward Dietl, Gregory P. Dirzo, Rodolfo Doremus, Holly Fortelius, Mikael Greene, Harry W. Hellmann, Jessica Hickler, Thomas Jackson, Stephen T. Kemp, Melissa Koch, Paul L. Kremen, Claire Lindsey, Emily L. Looy, Cindy Marshall, Charles R. Mendenhall, Chase Mulch, Andreas Mychajliw, Alexis M. Nowak, Carsten Ramakrishnan, Uma Schnitzler, Jan Das Shrestha, Kashish Solari, Katherine Stegner, Lynn Stegner, M. Allison Stenseth, Nils Chr Wake, Marvalee H. Zhang, Zhibin TI Merging paleobiology with conservation biology to guide the future of terrestrial ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID CONSERVING NATURES STAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MAMMALIAN RESPONSE; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOLOGY; AMAZON; FOREST; TRAITS AB Conservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts are pervasive and accelerating. Under this rapid global change, maximizing conservation success requires a paradigm shift from maintaining ecosystems in idealized past states toward facilitating their adaptive and functional capacities, even as species ebb and flow individually. Developing effective strategies under this new paradigm will require deeper understanding of the long-term dynamics that govern ecosystem persistence and reconciliation of conflicts among approaches to conserving historical versus novel ecosystems. Integrating emerging information from conservation biology, paleobiology, and the Earth sciences is an important step forward on the path to success. Maintaining nature in all its aspects will also entail immediately addressing the overarching threats of growing human population, overconsumption, pollution, and climate change. C1 [Barnosky, Anthony D.] Stanford Univ, Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.; Lindsey, Emily L.; Marshall, Charles R.; Stegner, M. Allison; Wake, Marvalee H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.; Lindsey, Emily L.; Marshall, Charles R.; Stegner, M. Allison; Wake, Marvalee H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnosky, Anthony D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hadly, Elizabeth A.] Stanford Univ, Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve, Dept Biol,Ctr Innovat Global Hlth, Dept Geol Sci,Woods Inst Environm, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick; Brashares, Justin; Kremen, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head, Jason] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Polly, P. David] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Lawing, A. Michelle] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Eronen, Jussi T.; Mulch, Andreas; Schnitzler, Jan] Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Eronen, Jussi T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Eronen, Jussi T.] BIOS Res Unit, Kalliolanrinne 4, Helsinki, Finland. [Ackerly, David D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alex, Ken] Calif Governors Off Planning & Res, POB 3044, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Biber, Eric; Doremus, Holly] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Law, Boalt Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blois, Jessica] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Ceballos, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, CU, Ap Post 70-275, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Davis, Edward] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Dietl, Gregory P.] Paleontol Res Inst, 1259 Trumansburg Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Dietl, Gregory P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dirzo, Rodolfo; Mychajliw, Alexis M.; Solari, Katherine] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94303 USA. [Fortelius, Mikael] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Fortelius, Mikael] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Greene, Harry W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hellmann, Jessica] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hickler, Thomas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hickler, Thomas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kemp, Melissa] Harvard Univ, Ctr Environm, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Looy, Cindy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Museum Paleontol, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mendenhall, Chase] Stanford Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mendenhall, Chase] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Mulch, Andreas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Nowak, Carsten] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. [Nowak, Carsten] Nat Hist Museum Frankfurt, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. [Ramakrishnan, Uma] Tata Inst Fundamental Res GKVK, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bellary Rd, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Schnitzler, Jan] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Das Shrestha, Kashish] City Museum, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Stegner, Lynn] Stanford Univ, Continuing Studies Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stenseth, Nils Chr] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Zhang, Zhibin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Insects & Rod, 1 Beichen West Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Lindsey, Emily L.] Brea Tar Pits & Museum, 5801 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90036 USA. [Stegner, M. Allison] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Barnosky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tonybarnosky@stanford.edu RI Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013; Blois, Jessica/G-5893-2011; OI Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561; Blois, Jessica/0000-0003-4048-177X; Barnosky, Anthony/0000-0003-0265-7113; Polly, P. David/0000-0001-7338-8526 FU Integrative Climate Change Biology Group (a scientific program of the International Union of Biological Sciences); Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology; Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Berkeley; Conservation Paleobiology Group at the Department of Biology, Stanford University; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany; National Science Foundation [NSF EAR-1338028, NSF EAR-13388298]; NSF [EAR-1148181] FX We thank the financial sponsors of the workshop at which these ideas were formulated: the Integrative Climate Change Biology Group (a scientific program of the International Union of Biological Sciences); the Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley Initiative for Global Change Biology, and Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of California, Berkeley; the Conservation Paleobiology Group at the Department of Biology, Stanford University; and the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany. J. Head and P.D.P. were additionally funded by National Science Foundation ELT (Earth-Life Transitions) awards NSF EAR-1338028 (J. Head) and NSF EAR-13388298 (P.D.P.). A.D.B. and C.R.M. were partly funded by NSF grant EAR-1148181. We are especially grateful to V. Bowie for logistical support and graduate student helpers A. Poust, S. Elshafie, and P. Kloess. We thank D. Thomas for his production of tiger maps that were modified for Fig. 5 and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute for granting permission to use the maps (original versions are available at www.BioInteractive.org, copyright 2014, all rights reserved). E. Holt, N. Spano, B. Stein, Zixiang Zhang, and anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 355 IS 6325 BP 594 EP + DI 10.1126/science.aah4787 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK0SF UT WOS:000393636700038 ER PT J AU Jones, MT Milligan, WR Kats, LB Vandergon, TL Honeycutt, RL Fisher, RN Davis, CL Lucas, TA AF Jones, Marjorie T. Milligan, William R. Kats, Lee B. Vandergon, Thomas L. Honeycutt, Rodney L. Fisher, Robert N. Davis, Courtney L. Lucas, Timothy A. TI A discrete stage-structured model of California newt population dynamics during a period of drought SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Discrete mathematical model; Amphibian decline; Drought; Taricha torosa ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE; TARICHA-TOROSA; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDER; CRAYFISH; CUES AB We introduce a mathematical model for studying the population dynamics under drought of the California newt (Taricha torosa), a species of special concern in the state of California. Since 2012, California has experienced a record-setting drought, and multiple studies predict drought conditions currently underway will persist and even increase in severity. Recent declines and local extinctions of California newt populations in Santa Monica Mountain streams motivate our study of the impact of drought on newt population sizes. Although newts are terrestrial salamanders, they migrate to streams each spring to breed and lay eggs. Since egg and larval stages occur in water, a precipitation deficit due to drought conditions reduces the space for newt egg-laying and the necessary habitat for larval development. To mathematically forecast newt population dynamics, we develop a nonlinear system of discrete equations that includes demographic parameters such as survival rates for newt life stages and egg production, which depend on habitat availability and rainfall. We estimate these demographic parameters using 15 years of stream survey data collected from Cold Creek in Los Angeles County, California, and our model captures the observed decline of the parameterized Cold Creek newt population. Based upon data analysis, we predict how the number of available newt egg-laying sites varies with annual precipitation. Our model allows us to make predictions about how the length and severity of drought can affect the likelihood of persistence and the time to critical endangerment of a local newt population. We predict that sustained severe drought will critically endanger the newt population but that the newt population can rebound if a drought is sufficiently short. C1 [Jones, Marjorie T.; Kats, Lee B.; Vandergon, Thomas L.; Honeycutt, Rodney L.; Davis, Courtney L.; Lucas, Timothy A.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. [Milligan, William R.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Lucas, TA (reprint author), Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. EM marjorie.jones@pepperdine.edu; william.milligan@emory.edu; lee.kats@pepperdine.edu; thomas.vandergon@pepperdine.edu; rodney.honeycutt@pepperdine.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov; courtney.davis2@pepperdine.edu; timothy.lucas@pepperdine.edu FU National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates, REU-Site Grant [DBI-1062721]; Natural Science Division of Pepperdine University FX We would like to acknowledge Gary Bucciarelli for providing mark recapture data estimates based on 20 years of data. We would also like to acknowledge undergraduate research students Alec Flores, William Ota, and Daniel Suh as well as Fred Adler and Stephen Davis for providing helpful insights on this project. We would like to thank Jay Brewster for his support of undergraduate research through the Summer Undergraduate Research Program in Biology at Pepperdine University. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates, REU-Site Grant, #DBI-1062721 and the Natural Science Division of Pepperdine University. This is contribution number 567 of the U.S. Geological Survey-Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 EI 1095-8541 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 414 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.11.011 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA EO8UX UT WOS:000396967100018 PM 27887877 ER PT J AU Flanagan, SM Levitt, JP Ayotte, JD AF Flanagan, Sarah M. Levitt, Joseph P. Ayotte, Joseph D. TI Trends in Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Concentrations in Private Wells in Southeast New Hampshire: 2005 to 2015 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURED ROCK; MTBE; GROUNDWATER AB In southeast New Hampshire, where reformulated gasoline was used from the 1990s to 2007, methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) concentrations >0.2 mu g/L were found in water from 26.7% of 195 domestic wells sampled in 2005. Ten years later in 2015, and eight years after MtBE was banned, 10.3% continue to have MtBE. Most wells (140 of 195) had no MtBE detections (concentrations <0.2 mu g/L) in 2005 and 2015. Of the remaining wells, MtBE concentrations increased in 4 wells, decreased in 47 wells, and did not change in 4 wells. On average, MtBE concentrations decreased 65% among 47 wells whereas MtBE concentrations increased 17% among 4 wells between 2005 and 2015. The percent change in detection frequency from 2005 to 2015 (the decontamination rate) was lowest (45.5%) in high-population-density areas and in wells completed in the Berwick Formation geologic units. The decontamination rate was the highest (78.6%) where population densities were composed of granite, metamorphic, and mafic rocks. Wells in the Berwick Formation are characteristically deeper and have lower yields than wells in other rock types and have shallower overburden cover, which may allow for more rapid transport of MtBE from land-surface releases. Low-yielding, deep bedrock wells may require large contributing areas to achieve adequate well yield, and thus have a greater chance of intercepting MtBE, in addition to diluting contaminants at a slower rate and thus requiring more time to decontaminate. C1 [Flanagan, Sarah M.; Levitt, Joseph P.; Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Flanagan, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM sflanaga@usgs.gov FU New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory; MtBE analyses; NH MtBE Remediation Bureau, Drinking Water Quality Program FX The authors thank the many private citizens who participated in this study. Citizen cooperation was essential to the success of this study, because only those wells that were sampled previously could be selected for this study. Thanks to Lou Barinelli (Director, New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Laboratory) and staff for MtBE analyses and to Gary Lynn and Derek S. Bennett of the NH MtBE Remediation Bureau, Drinking Water Quality Program, for their financial support and guidance on this study. We appreciate the technical reviews of the study design by Denise M. Argue, Bruce D. Lindsey, and Leslie A. DeSimone (U.S. Geological Survey). We thank B. D. Lindsey (U.S. Geological Survey) and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to this manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1168 EP 1175 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04149 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700021 PM 28074652 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Deemer, BR Birchfield, MK O'Malley, MT AF Harrison, John A. Deemer, Bridget R. Birchfield, M. Keith O'Malley, Maria T. TI Reservoir Water-Level Drawdowns Accelerate and Amplify Methane Emission SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; TIDAL FRESH-WATER; NITROUS-OXIDE; EUTROPHIC RESERVOIR; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; PHYSICAL CONTROLS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BUBBLE-GROWTH; EBULLITION; SEDIMENTS AB Water-level fluctuations due to reservoir management could substantially affect the timing and magnitude of reservoir methane (CH4) fluxes to the atmosphere. However, effects of such fluctuations on CH4 emissions have received limited attention. Here we examine CH4 emission dynamics in six Pacific Northwest U.S. reservoirs of varying trophic status, morphometry, and management regimes. In these systems, we show that water level drawdowns can, at least temporarily, greatly increase per area reservoir CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere, and can account for more than 90% of annual reservoir CH4 flux in a period of just a few weeks. Reservoirs with higher epilimnetic [chlorophyll a] experienced larger increases in CH4 emission in response to drawdown (R-2 = 0.84, p < 0.01), suggesting that eutrophication magnifies the effect of drawdown on CH4 emission. We show that drawdowns as small as 0.5 m can stimulate ebullition events. Given that drawdown events of this magnitude are quite common in reservoirs, our results suggest that this process must be considered in sampling strategies designed to characterize total CH4 fluxes from reservoirs. The extent to which (and the mechanisms by which) drawdowns short-circuit connections between methanogenesis and methanotrophy, thereby increasing net CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere, should be a focus of future work. C1 [Harrison, John A.; Deemer, Bridget R.; Birchfield, M. Keith; O'Malley, Maria T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm Vancouver, Washington, DC 98686 USA. [Deemer, Bridget R.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [O'Malley, Maria T.] Stanford Univ, Med Ctr Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm Vancouver, Washington, DC 98686 USA. EM john_harrison@wsu.edu OI Deemer, Bridget/0000-0002-5845-1002 FU National Science Foundation [EAR1045286, DEB1355211]; US Army Corps of Engineers Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs; National Science Foundation (NSF); EPA STAR Fellowship [FP917450]; Washington State University's College of Science FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Awards # EAR1045286 and DEB1355211) to John Harrison, by the US Army Corps of Engineers Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs and National Science Foundation (NSF), by EPA STAR Fellowship no. FP917450 to Bridget Deemer, and an undergraduate research grant from Washington State University's College of Science to M. O'Malley. We thank J. Glavin, C. Smith, A. LaFrazia, J. Moyer, E. Ury, F. Wignes, E. Dexter, K. Dallavis, R. Norton, C. Miller, F. Frattaroli, S. Henderson, A. Harwood, D. Freeman, R. Martin, A. & A. Jacobs, A. Lunstrum, M. McCrackin, Todd Engelbrecht, Lacamas Shores Neighborhood Association, and Camas Moose Lodge for assistance with data collection. We thank W. Reeburgh for advice and enthusiasm, and S. Henderson, S. Perakis, H. Liu, C.K. Keller, R Dahlgren, J. Bishop, R. Maranger, and J. Dukes for valuable feedback on an early manuscript draft. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful input, which significantly improved the manuscript. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1277 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03185 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700032 PM 28068068 ER PT J AU Jiang, CJ Castellon, BT Matson, CW Aiken, GR Hsu-Kim, H AF Jiang, Chuanjia Castellon, Benjamin T. Matson, Cole W. Aiken, George R. Hsu-Kim, Heileen TI Relative Contributions of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Dissolved Copper to Cu Uptake Kinetics of Gulf Killifish (Fundulus grandis) Embryos SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The toxicity of soluble metal-based nanomaterials may be due to the uptake of metals in both dissolved and nanoparticulate forms, but the relative contributions of these different forms to overall metal uptake rates under environmental conditions are not quantitatively defined. Here, we investigated the linkage between the dissolution rates of copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their bioavailability to Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos, with the aim of quantitatively delineating the relative contributions of nanoparticulate and dissolved species for Cu uptake. Gulf killifish embryos were exposed to dissolved Cu and CuO NP mixtures comprising a range of pH values (6.3-7.5) and three types of natural organic matter (NOM) isolates at various concentrations (0.1-10 mg-C L-1), resulting in a wide range of CuO NP dissolution rates that subsequently influenced Cu uptake. First-order dissolution rate constants of CuO NPs increased with increasing NOM concentration and for NOM isolates with higher aromaticity, as indicated by specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), while Cu uptake rate constants of both dissolved Cu and CuO NP decreased with NOM concentration and aromaticity. As a result, the relative contribution of dissolved Cu and nanoparticulate CuO species for the overall Cu uptake rate was insensitive to NOM type or concentration but largely determined by the percentage of CuO that dissolved. These findings highlight SUVA and aromaticity as key NOM properties affecting the dissolution kinetics and bioavailability of soluble metal based nanomaterials in organic-rich waters. These properties could be used in the incorporation of dissolution kinetics into predictive models for environmental risks of nanomaterials. C1 [Jiang, Chuanjia; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Jiang, Chuanjia; Castellon, Benjamin T.; Matson, Cole W.; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat NanoTechnol CEINT, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Castellon, Benjamin T.; Matson, Cole W.] Baylor Univ, CRASR, Inst Biomed Studies, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Jiang, Chuanjia] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Luoshi Rd 122, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.; Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Environm Implicat NanoTechnol CEINT, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM hsukim@duke.edu RI Jiang, Chuanjia/C-9398-2014; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; OI Jiang, Chuanjia/0000-0003-2637-5508; Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1066781]; Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology [DBI1266252]; NSF; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences at Baylor University; U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX We are grateful for the insights and assistance from Drs. Marc Deshusses, Amrika Deonarine, Brett Poulin, Joe Ryan, and Keith Lucey and to Alexis Carey for the image of the Gulf killifish embryo. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET-1066781) and the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (DBI1266252), which is funded by the NSF and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Partial support was provided by the C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences at Baylor University. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper has not been subjected to EPA review; therefore, the opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1395 EP 1404 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04672 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700046 PM 28081364 ER PT J AU White, TH Jimenez, JE AF White, Thomas H., Jr. Jimenez, Jaime E. TI Lophozonia tree cavities used for nesting by Slender-billed Parakeets (Enicognathus leptorhynchus) in the central valley of southern Chile: a potentially vanishing keystone resource SO AVIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Deforestation; Habitat loss; Lophozonia obliqua; Pellines; Psittacidae; Regeneration ID LIMITED BREEDING OPPORTUNITIES; SUBTROPICAL ATLANTIC FOREST; CLUTCH SIZE; SITE SELECTION; NOTHOFAGUS-OBLIQUA; FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS AB Background: The Slender-billed Parakeet ( Enicognathus leptorhynchus) is a psittacine endemic to southern Chile and an obligate secondary cavity-nester. In the central valley of southern Chile, most (94%) of the known Slender-billed Parakeet nests have occurred in large, mature southern beech (Lophozoniaobliqua) trees (locally known as "pellines"). As relicts of the original old-growth forests of southern Chile, most pellines have been lost due to extensive landclearing throughout the region, potentially threatening long-term persistence of the Slender- billed Parakeet. Methods: We conducted our study in the central valley of southern Chile, near the city of Osorno during three consecutive nesting seasons (November-January, 2008-2011). Nest trees used by Slender- billed Parakeets were located by direct observation of parakeet activities and through interviews with local residents, some of whom were former parrot nest poachers. Nest cavities were accessed, inspected and measured using single-rope climbing techniques. We report means, standard errors, 95% confidence intervals and ranges for 11 cavity-related variables. We also report clutch sizes encountered in active nests, and age estimates of nest trees based on known growth rates of Lophozonia trees in southern Chile. Linear regressions were used to evaluate potential relationships between cavity-related variables and clutch size. Results: We located and measured 38 Lophozonia tree cavities used for nesting by Slender-billed Parakeets. Compared to those used by other psittacines, nest trees were relatively large, averaging 30.4 +/- 1.1 m in height with a mean diameter at breast height of 134.5 +/- 4.7 cm. Based on estimated annual diameter increment, ages of nest trees ranged from approximately 209-485 years. Nest cavities entrances averaged 12.5 +/- 0.9 m in height above ground level. Cavity entrance widths averaged 51.0 +/- 13.3 cm (vertical) by 11.5 +/- 0.7 cm (horizontal). Cavity entrance orientations were apparently random, with no directional preferences detected. Nest cavities were also relatively large, with a mean internal diameter of 39.6 +/- 2.4 cm and mean depth of 90.3 +/- 24.2 cm. Clutch sizes (2- 9) were unusually large for psittacines of this size (ca. 280-300 g) and broods of up to seven well-developed nestlings were observed. Conclusions: We found that the deep and spacious cavities provided by pellines facilitate successful rearing of large broods, thereby maximizing productivity and fitness. The existence of pellines has apparently allowed Slender- billed Parakeets to adapt successfully to a wholesale loss of ancestral habitat to anthropogenic modifications. Immediate and strategic conservation measures, such as protection of existing pellines and the regeneration and recruitment of additional ones, are recommended for ensuring the survival of Slender- billed Parakeet populations throughout the central valley of southern Chile. C1 [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ North Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Subantarct Biocultural Conservat Program, Denton, TX 76201 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ North Texas, Dept Philosophy & Relig, Subantarctic Biocultural Conservat Program, Denton, TX 76201 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ Magallanes, Omora Etnobot Pk, Puerto Williams, Chile. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM thomas_white@fws.gov FU Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos; United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program; Parrots International; Amigos de las Aves-USA; Canadian Parrot Society; International Conure Association; Parrot Conservation Fund; Tony Pittman FX We are grateful to the Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Parrots International, Amigos de las Aves-USA, Canadian Parrot Society, International Conure Association, Parrot Conservation Fund, and Tony Pittman for funding and/or logistical support of this research. We also thank the administration of INIA-Remehue and the many private landowners who allowed us access to their properties. Numerous students and volunteers also assisted with nest monitoring and cavity measurements, especially Samuel Alywin, Ana Carneiro, Magdalena Contreras, Gemma Ffrench, Claire Foster, Daniel Gonzalez, Gemma Harding, Mauricio Ojeda, Nelson Ojeda, Suzan Payne, Nicole Pueschel, Marie Stafford and Mark Stafford. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that helped improve a prior version of this article. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2053-7166 J9 AVIAN RES JI Avian Res. PD FEB 6 PY 2017 VL 8 BP 1 EP 12 AR UNSP 3 DI 10.1186/s40657-017-0061-x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM7JO UT WOS:000395487500001 ER PT J AU Young, KE Reed, SC AF Young, Kristina E. Reed, Sasha C. TI Spectrally monitoring the response of the biocrust moss Syntrichia caninervis to altered precipitation regimes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; NITROGEN; REFLECTANCE; DESERT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Climate change is expected to impact drylands worldwide by increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. These effects have known feedbacks to the functional roles of dryland biological soil crust communities (biocrusts), which are expected to undergo significant climate-induced changes in community structure and function. Nevertheless, our ability to monitor the status and physiology of biocrusts with remote sensing is limited due to the heterogeneous nature of dryland landscapes and the desiccation tolerance of biocrusts, which leaves them frequently photosynthetically inactive and difficult to assess. To address this critical limitation, we subjected a dominant biocrust species Syntrichia caninervis to climate-induced stress in the form of small, frequent watering events, and spectrally monitored the dry mosses' progression towards mortality. We found points of spectral sensitivity responding to experimentally-induced stress in desiccated mosses, indicating that spectral imaging is an effective tool to monitor photosynthetically inactive biocrusts. Comparing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Simple Ratio (SR), and the Normalized Pigment Chlorophyll Index (NPCI), we found NDVI minimally effective at capturing stress in precipitation-stressed dry mosses, while the SR and NPCI were highly effective. Our results suggest the strong potential for utilizing spectroscopy and chlorophyll-derived indices to monitor biocrust ecophysiological status, even when biocrusts are dry, with important implications for improving our understanding of dryland functioning. C1 [Young, Kristina E.; Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Young, Kristina E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 E Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Young, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.; Young, KE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 E Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM key23@nau.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences [DE-SC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX We are extremely grateful to Austin Rutherford, Cody Flagg, and Hilda Smith for their invaluable work helping to set up the spectral measurements and helping to collect, process, and analyze the spectral data, and to Susan Ustin and Matt Bowker for their helpful feedback on earlier versions of manuscript. We are also indebted to Greg Okin the use of his ASD FieldSpec (R) portable spectroradiometer. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences (Awards DE-SC-0008168) and by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 6 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 41793 DI 10.1038/srep41793 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ5TW UT WOS:000393282100001 PM 28165505 ER PT J AU Lamadrid, HM Moore, LR Moncada, D Rimstidt, JD Burruss, RC Bodnar, RJ AF Lamadrid, H. M. Moore, L. R. Moncada, D. Rimstidt, J. D. Burruss, R. C. Bodnar, R. J. TI Reassessment of the Raman CO2 densimeter SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID H2O-CO2 FLUID INCLUSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MELT INCLUSIONS; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; VOLATILE BUDGETS; VAPOR BUBBLES; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; EQUATION; DENSITY AB Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an effective tool to confirm the presence and abundance of CO2 in fluid and melt inclusions. The Raman method for quantifying CO2 abundance is based on the observation that the distance between the two Raman bands comprising the Fermi diad varies systematically with CO2 density. In recent years, several Raman densimeters have been developed by different research groups to determine the density of CO2 in fluid and melt inclusions. The different densimeters that have been proposed predict different densities for the same Fermi diad splitting, leading to large differences in estimated CO2 contents for inclusions, depending on which densimeter is used to interpret the Raman data. In this study, we examine potential causes for variations in the various densimeters and show that these differences are mainly the result of using different Raman instruments and settings, different collection parameters, and different analytical methods. Twelve experiments were conducted to test the variability associated with changing instrumental and analytical conditions, as well as to understand the differences between the various densimeters, using three different Raman instruments, with different laser sources and dispersion gratings. In all of the experiments, the splitting of the Fermi diad of CO2 and CO2 density at pressures from the liquid-vapor curve (6.0 MPa to 0.06 MPa) at ambient temperature (-22 degrees C) was calibrated using a high-pressure optical cell. The results show a consistent behavior whereby all analytical configurations show parallel trends in terms of the variation in Fermi diad splitting as a function of CO2 density. The slopes of the lines representing the variation in Fermi diad splitting as a function of CO2 density, as well as low density (pressure) data from other densimeters (Kawakami et al., 2003; Yamamoto and Kagi, 2006; Song et al., 2009; Fall et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011) are remarkably similar, with a variation of about similar to 10% and a standard deviation of 3%. The differences observed in all densimeters, including previously published densimeters and the 12 experiments from this study, are most likely a function of variations in instrumentation, laser excitation wavelength, gratings, and analytical protocols used during the experimental calibration of the splitting of the Fermi diad. Based on results of this study, we recommend against using any published densimeter to interpret Raman data collected using an instrument other than that on which the calibration is based, and suggest that researchers develop a calibration that is applicable and specific to their instrument and data collection protocol.(C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamadrid, H. M.; Moore, L. R.; Rimstidt, J. D.; Bodnar, R. J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lamadrid, H. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Moncada, D.] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile. [Moncada, D.] Univ Chile, Andean Geothermal Ctr Excellence CEGA, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile. [Burruss, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lamadrid, HM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM hm.lamadrid@utoronto.ca FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); Virginia Tech Geosciences Department and Virginia Tech Graduate School; National Science Foundation [OCE-1459433] FX The authors thank Charles Farley for assistance with the Raman analyses NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 5 PY 2017 VL 450 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.12.034 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EL2TR UT WOS:000394473600015 ER PT J AU Olson, JW Rode, KD Eggett, D Smith, TS Wilson, RR Durner, GM Fischbach, A Atwood, TC Douglas, DC AF Olson, J. W. Rode, K. D. Eggett, D. Smith, T. S. Wilson, R. R. Durner, G. M. Fischbach, A. Atwood, T. C. Douglas, D. C. TI Collar temperature sensor data reveal long-term patterns in southern Beaufort Sea polar bear den distribution on pack ice and land SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Den; Habitat use; Land use; Ursus maritimus; Alaska; Control charts; Sea ice ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; OPEN-WATER PERIOD; URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; POPULATION ECOLOGY; TELEMETRY DATA; HABITAT C1 [Olson, J. W.; Smith, T. S.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, 5049 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rode, K. D.; Durner, G. M.; Fischbach, A.; Atwood, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Eggett, D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Collaborat Res & Stat Consulting, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wilson, R. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Douglas, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Olson, JW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci, 5049 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM jayolson7@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; BP Exploration Alaska, Inc.; ARCO Alaska Inc; Conoco-Phillips, Inc; Exxon Mobil Production Company; Polar Bears International; National Science Foundation [OPP0732713] FX Studies were conducted under US Fish and Wildlife Service research permit MA 690038 and followed protocols approved by Animal Care and Use Committees of the USGS (assurance no. 2010-3). Principal funding for this study was provided by the US Geological Survey. Additional support was provided by BP Exploration Alaska, Inc., ARCO Alaska Inc., Conoco-Phillips, Inc., the Exxon Mobil Production Company, and Polar Bears International. Support was also provided through a National Science Foundation grant (OPP0732713) to the University of Wyoming. This paper was reviewed and approved by the USGS under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (www. usgs. gov/ fsp). Use of trade firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2017 VL 564 BP 211 EP 224 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN0DE UT WOS:000395679700003 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, AWM Lowe, RJ Ghisalberti, M Storlazzi, C Symonds, G Roelvink, D AF Pomeroy, Andrew W. M. Lowe, Ryan J. Ghisalberti, Marco Storlazzi, Curt Symonds, Graham Roelvink, Dano TI Sediment transport in the presence of large reef bottom roughness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FRINGING CORAL-REEF; BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; SHEAR-STRESS; WAVE-DRIVEN; FLOW; RESUSPENSION; VEGETATION; MOLOKAI; CANOPY; HAWAII AB The presence of large bottom roughness, such as that formed by benthic organisms on coral reef flats, has important implications for the size, concentration, and transport of suspended sediment in coastal environments. A 3 week field study was conducted in approximately 1.5 m water depth on the reef flat at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, to quantify the cross-reef hydrodynamics and suspended sediment dynamics over the large bottom roughness (similar to 20-40 cm) at the site. A logarithmic mean current profile consistently developed above the height of the roughness; however, the flow was substantially reduced below the height of the roughness (canopy region). Shear velocities inferred from the logarithmic profile and Reynolds stresses measured at the top of the roughness, which are traditionally used in predictive sediment transport formulations, were similar but much larger than that required to suspend the relatively coarse sediment present at the bed. Importantly, these stresses did not represent the stresses imparted on the sediment measured in suspension and are therefore not relevant to the description of suspended sediment transport in systems with large bottom roughness. Estimates of the bed shear stresses that accounted for the reduced near-bed flow in the presence of large roughness vastly improved the relationship between the predicted and observed grain sizes that were in suspension. Thus, the impact of roughness, not only on the overlying flow but also on bed stresses, must be accounted for to accurately estimate suspended sediment transport in regions with large bottom roughness, a common feature of many shallow coastal ecosystems. C1 [Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.; Lowe, Ryan J.] Univ Western Australia, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Perth, WA, Australia. [Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.; Lowe, Ryan J.; Symonds, Graham] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Pomeroy, Andrew W. M.; Lowe, Ryan J.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Ghisalberti, Marco] Univ Melbourne, Dept Infrastruct Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Ghisalberti, Marco] Univ Western Australia, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Storlazzi, Curt] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Symonds, Graham] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Wembley, WA, Australia. [Roelvink, Dano] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Roelvink, Dano] UNESCO IHE, Delft, Netherlands. RP Pomeroy, AWM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Perth, WA, Australia.; Pomeroy, AWM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia.; Pomeroy, AWM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM andrewpomeroy@gmail.com FU Robert and Maude Gledden Postgraduate Research Award; Gowrie Trust Fund; Western Australia Marine Science Institute (WAMSI); Australian Research Council [FT110100201]; ARC [DP140102026]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX AWP is grateful for the support of a Robert and Maude Gledden Postgraduate Research Award and by The Gowrie Trust Fund (2013, 2014). This project was funded by the Western Australia Marine Science Institute (WAMSI) Dredging Science Node (Theme 2/3), an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100201), and ARC Discovery Project grant (DP140102026) to RJL, as well as the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. The authors thank Michael Cuttler, Sana Dandan, Jim Falter, Jeff Hansen, Malcolm McCulloch, Leonardo Ruiz Montoya, and Gundula Winter for their assistance during the experiment, and Johan Reyns for his assistance in the implementation of the advection-diffusion model. We thank Shawn Harrison at the USGS who conducted an internal review of this manuscript, as well as the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback that helped us to improve the manuscript. Data sets analyzed in this manuscript are available from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.126670. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1347 EP 1368 DI 10.1002/2016JC011755 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100033 ER PT J AU Rueda, A Hegermiller, CA Antolinez, JAA Camus, P Vitousek, S Ruggiero, P Barnard, PL Erikson, LH Tomas, A Mendez, FJ AF Rueda, Ana Hegermiller, Christie A. Antolinez, Jose A. A. Camus, Paula Vitousek, Sean Ruggiero, Peter Barnard, Patrick L. Erikson, Li H. Tomas, Antonio Mendez, Fernando J. TI Multiscale climate emulator of multimodal wave spectra: MUSCLE-spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WEATHER; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; EROSION; SEA AB Characterization of multimodal directional wave spectra is important for many offshore and coastal applications, such as marine forecasting, coastal hazard assessment, and design of offshore wave energy farms and coastal structures. However, the multivariate and multiscale nature of wave climate variability makes this complex problem tractable using computationally expensive numerical models. So far, the skill of statistical-downscaling model-based parametric (unimodal) wave conditions is limited in large ocean basins such as the Pacific. The recent availability of long-term directional spectral data from buoys and wave hindcast models allows for development of stochastic models that include multimodal sea-state parameters. This work introduces a statistical downscaling framework based on weather types to predict multimodal wave spectra (e.g., significant wave height, mean wave period, and mean wave direction from different storm systems, including sea and swells) from large-scale atmospheric pressure fields. For each weather type, variables of interest are modeled using the categorical distribution for the sea-state type, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution for wave height and wave period, a multivariate Gaussian copula for the interdependence between variables, and a Markov chain model for the chronology of daily weather types. We apply the model to the southern California coast, where local seas and swells from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres contribute to the multimodal wave spectrum. This work allows attribution of particular extreme multimodal wave events to specific atmospheric conditions, expanding knowledge of time-dependent, climate-driven offshore and coastal sea-state conditions that have a significant influence on local nearshore processes, coastal morphology, and flood hazards. C1 [Rueda, Ana; Antolinez, Jose A. A.; Mendez, Fernando J.] Univ Cantabria, Dept Ciencias & Tecn Agua & Medio Ambiente, Santander, Spain. [Hegermiller, Christie A.; Vitousek, Sean; Barnard, Patrick L.; Erikson, Li H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Camus, Paula; Tomas, Antonio] Univ Cantabria, IHCantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rueda, A (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Dept Ciencias & Tecn Agua & Medio Ambiente, Santander, Spain. EM ruedaac@unican.es FU Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad'' [BIA2014-59643-R, BIA2015-70644-R]; MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) [BOE-A2013-12235]; U.S. Geological Survey [G15AC00426]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [NA15OAR4310145]; US DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [RC-2644] FX We thank Jorge Perez for the ESTELA code. A.R., J.A.A.A., and F.J.M. acknowledge the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad'' under grant BIA2014-59643-R. P.C. acknowledges the support of the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad'' under grant BIA2015-70644-R. J.A.A.A. is indebted to the MEC (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) for the funding provided in the FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship (BOE-A2013-12235). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under grant/cooperative agreement G15AC00426. P.R. acknowledges the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office via award NA15OAR4310145. Support was provided from the US DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project RC-2644) through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Atmospheric data from CFSR are available online at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climatedata/climate-forecast-system-re analysis-cfsr. Marine data from global reanalysis are lodge with the IHData center from IHCantabria and are available for research purposes upon request (contact: ihdata@ihcantabria.com). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1400 EP 1415 DI 10.1002/2016JC011957 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100036 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Lee, C Volson, B Dyer, MC Lebrun, RA AF Ginsberg, Howard S. Lee, Chong Volson, Barry Dyer, Megan C. Lebrun, Roger A. TI Relationships Between Maternal Engorgement Weight and the Number, Size, and Fat Content of Larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodidae; acarology; development; life history; reproduction ID TICKS IXODOIDEA; LIPIDS; INFECTION; ARGASIDAE; DYNAMICS; RICINUS AB The relationship between engorgement weight of female Ixodes scapularis Say and characteristics of offspring was studied using field-collected females fed on rabbits in the laboratory. The number of eggs laid was positively related to maternal engorgement weight in one trial, and larval size (estimated by scutal area) was positively related to maternal engorgement weight in the other. These results suggest a trade-off in number of eggs produced versus average size of offspring, possibly determined during late engorgement. The adults for the two trials were collected from different sites in southern Rhode Island and in different seasons (the fall adults were newly emerged, while the spring adults had presumably lived through the winter), so it is not clear whether these results reflect genetic differences or subtle environmental differences between trials. Percent egg hatch and average fat content of larvae were not related to female engorgement weight. We present a modified method to measure lipid content of pooled larval ticks. C1 [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.; Dyer, Megan C.; Lebrun, Roger A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lee, Chong; Volson, Barry] Univ Rhode Isl, FSN Res Ctr, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov; chonglee@uri.edu; bvolson@uri.edu; mdyer@uri.edu; lebrun@uri.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Award [EF-0914476]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Rhode Island FX We thank G.J. Hickling and J.I. Tsao for constructive comments on early versions of the manuscript. T.N. Mather kindly supplied ticks from his URI colony. L. Acevedo, M. Albert, A. Azevedo, J. Miller, S. Moffitt, and N. Turgeon assisted with laboratory work. Use of trade or product names does not imply support by the U.S. Government. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Award EF-0914476, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Rhode Island. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw191 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ5ED UT WOS:000398103900004 ER PT J AU Gruner, SV Slone, DH Capinera, JL Turco, MP AF Gruner, S. V. Slone, D. H. Capinera, J. L. Turco, M. P. TI Development of the Oriental Latrine Fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae), at Five Constant Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forensic entomology; Calliphoridae ID PHORMIA-REGINA DIPTERA; DIFFERENT BODY-TISSUES; BLOW FLIES DIPTERA; RUFIFACIES DIPTERA; FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY; LUCILIA-SERICATA; POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; BLOWFLIES DIPTERA; GROWTH-RATES; CARRION AB Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) is a forensically important fly that is found throughout the tropics and subtropics. We calculated the accumulated development time and transition points for each life stage from eclosion to adult emergence at five constant temperatures: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. For each transition, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles were calculated with a logistic linear model. The mean transition times and % survivorship were determined directly from the raw laboratory data. Development times of C. megacephala were compared with that of two other closely related species, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) and Phormia regina (Meigen). Ambient and larval mass temperatures were collected from field studies conducted from 2001-2004. Field study data indicated that adult fly activity was reduced at lower ambient temperatures, but once a larval mass was established, heat generation occurred. These development times and durations can be used for estimation of a postmortem interval (PMI). C1 [Gruner, S. V.; Capinera, J. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1881 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Slone, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Turco, M. P.] Univ Florida, Div Herpetol, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gruner, SV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 1881 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM savethemag-gots@cox.net; dslone@usgs.gov; Capinera@ufl.edu; mike@michaelturco.com NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 2 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1093/jme/tjw169 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ5ED UT WOS:000398103900006 ER PT J AU McAllister, CT Duszynski, DW Austin, CC Fisher, RN AF McAllister, Chris T. Duszynski, Donald W. Austin, Christopher C. Fisher, Robert N. TI FOUR NEW SPECIES OF EIMERIA (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) FROM EMOIA SPP. SKINKS (SAURIA: SCINCIDAE), FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA AND THE INSULAR PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; SQUAMATA SCINCIDAE; GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS; MARIANA ISLANDS; SOUTH-PACIFIC; SAUDI-ARABIA; TREE SKINKS; LIZARDS; SCHNEIDER; COCCIDIA AB Between September and November 1991, 54 adult skinks from 15 species were collected by hand or blowpipe from several localities on Rarotonga, Cook Islands, Ovalau Island, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea (PNG), and their feces were examined for coccidians. Species included 5 seaside skinks (Emoia atrocostata), 1 Pacific blue-tailed skink (Emoia caeroleocauda), 2 Fiji slender treeskinks (Emoia concolor), 15 white-bellied copper-striped skinks (Emoia cyanura), 1 Bulolo River forest skink (Emoia guttata), 6 dark-bellied copper-striped skinks (Emoia impar), 5 Papua fivestriped skinks (Emoia jakati), 2 Papua slender treeskinks (Emoia kordoana), 3 Papua robust treeskinks (Emoia longicauda), 1 brown-backed forest skink (Emoia loveridgei), 3 Papua black-sided skinks (Emoia pallidiceps), 2 Papua white-spotted skinks (Emoia physicae), 2 Papua yellow-head skinks (Emoia popei), 1 Papua brown forest skink (Emoia submetallica), and 5 Fiji barred treeskinks (Emoia trossula) Species of Eimeria (Ei.) were detected from these Emoia (Em.) spp. and are described here as new. Oocysts of Eimeria iovai n. sp. from Em. pallidiceps from PNG were ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall (L x W) 26.5 x 18.1 mu m, with a length/width ratio (L/W) of 1.1. Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was present. This eimerian also was found in Em. atrocostata from PNG. Oocysts of Eimeria kirkpatricki n. sp. from Em. atrocostata from PNG were ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall, 18.63 13.5 mu m, L/W 1.4. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was present. This eimerian was also shared by Em. cyanura from the Cook Islands and Fiji, Em. impar from the Cook Islands, Em. loveridgei from PNG, Em. pallidiceps from PNG, Em. popei from PNG, and Em. submetallica from PNG. Oocysts of Eimeria stevejayuptoni n. sp. from Em. longicauda were subspheroidal to ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall, 18.7 x 16.6 mu m, L/W 1.1. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was present. Oocysts of Eimeria emoia n. sp. from Em. longicauda from PNG were cylindroidal with a bilayered wall, 29.2 x 15.7 mu m, L/W 1.9. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a polar granule was present. These are the first eimerians reported from Emoia spp. and they add to our growing knowledge of the coccidian fauna of scincid lizards of the South Pacific. C1 [McAllister, Chris T.; Duszynski, Donald W.; Austin, Christopher C.; Fisher, Robert N.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Duszynski, Donald W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP McAllister, CT (reprint author), Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. EM cmcallister@se.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1146033] FX We thank the late Dr. Steve J. Upton for technical assistance and Dr. Scott L. Gardner (Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, Lincoln, Nebraska) for parasitological training of R.N.F. Further appreciation is extended to Patricia A. Pilitt (formerly of the USNPC) for expert curatorial assistance. The Department of Environment of PNG supplied export permits for the lizard and parasite collections. This research was funded, in part, by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 1146033 to C.C.A. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 103 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1645/16-67 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EN8GL UT WOS:000396238800015 PM 27754773 ER PT J AU Vanderhoof, MK Distler, HE Mendiola, DTG Lang, M AF Vanderhoof, Melanie K. Distler, Hayley E. Mendiola, Di Ana Teresa G. Lang, Megan TI Integrating Radarsat-2, Lidar, and Worldview-3 Imagery to Maximize Detection of Forested Inundation Extent in the Delmarva Peninsula, USA SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Radarsat-2; Worldview-3; inundation; forested wetlands; lidar; depressions; topographic wetness index ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CAROLINA BAY WETLAND; POLARIMETRIC SAR; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COASTAL-PLAIN; TIME-SERIES; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; MAPPING WETLANDS; SATELLITE IMAGES AB Natural variability in surface-water extent and associated characteristics presents a challenge to gathering timely, accurate information, particularly in environments that are dominated by small and/or forested wetlands. This study mapped inundation extent across the Upper Choptank River Watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula, occurring within both Maryland and Delaware. We integrated six quad-polarized Radarsat-2 images, Worldview-3 imagery, and an enhanced topographic wetness index in a random forest model. Output maps were filtered using light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived depressions to maximize the accuracy of forested inundation extent. Overall accuracy within the integrated and filtered model was 94.3%, with 5.5% and 6.0% errors of omission and commission for inundation, respectively. Accuracy of inundation maps obtained using Radarsat-2 alone were likely detrimentally affected by less than ideal angles of incidence and recent precipitation, but were likely improved by targeting the period between snowmelt and leaf-out for imagery collection. Across the six Radarsat-2 dates, filtering inundation outputs by lidar-derived depressions slightly elevated errors of omission for water (+1.0%), but decreased errors of commission (7.8%), resulting in an average increase of 5.4% in overall accuracy. Depressions were derived from lidar datasets collected under both dry and average wetness conditions. Although antecedent wetness conditions influenced the abundance and total area mapped as depression, the two versions of the depression datasets showed a similar ability to reduce error in the inundation maps. Accurate mapping of surface water is critical to predicting and monitoring the effect of human-induced change and interannual variability on water quantity and quality. C1 [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.; Distler, Hayley E.; Mendiola, Di Ana Teresa G.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Lang, Megan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lang, Megan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Natl Wetland Inventory, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mvanderhoof@usgs.gov; hdistler@usgs.gov; dtmendiola@gmail.com; megan.lang@gmail.com FU U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment [EPA-USGS IA-92410201-1] FX This work was funded by the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA-USGS IA-92410201-1, Multi-scale analyses and hydrologic simulation models of wetland-stream hydrologic connectivity in the Prairie Pothole Region). We would like to thank everyone who assisted in collecting field data for validation purposes. This includes Greg McCarty, Vincent Kim, Jason Todd, Laurie Alexander, Sergio Torres, and Derek Raisanen. Thank you also to the anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments that helped improve the manuscript. Findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the authors and the U. S. Geological Survey. They do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 9 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.3390/rs9020105 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EO9MV UT WOS:000397013700007 ER PT J AU Huebner, MT Hatcher, RD Merschat, AJ AF Huebner, Matthew T. Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Merschat, Arthur J. TI CONFIRMATION OF THE SOUTHWEST CONTINUATION OF THE CAT SQUARE TERRANE, SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN INNER PIEDMONT, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR MIDDLE PALEOZOIC COLLISIONAL OROGENESIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; BLUE RIDGE; ZIRCON AGES; ALLEGHANIAN OROGENY; EASTERN PIEDMONT; SUSPECT TERRANES; ALABAMA PIEDMONT; GRANITIC-ROCKS; NEW-ENGLAND; GEORGIA AB Detailed geologic mapping, U-Pb zircon geochronology and wholerock geochemical analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that the southwestern extent of the Cat Square terrane continues from the northern Inner Piedmont (western Carolinas) into central Georgia. Geologic mapping revealed the Jackson Lake fault, a similar to 15 m-thick, steeply dipping sillimanite-grade fault zone that truncates lithologically distinct granitoids and metasedimentary units, and roughly corresponds with a prominent aeromagnetic lineament hypothesized to represent the southern continuation of the terrane-bounding Brindle Creek fault. Results of U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology indicate Late Ordovician to Silurian granitoids (444-439 Ma) occur exclusively northwest of the fault, whereas Devonian (404-371 Ma) granitoids only occur southeast of the fault. The relatively undeformed Indian Springs granodiorite (three individual bodies dated 317-298 Ma) crosscuts the fault and occurs on both sides, which indicates the Jackson Lake fault is a pre-Alleghanian structure. However, detrital zircon signatures from samples southeast of the Jackson Lake fault reveal dominant Grenville provenance, in contrast to Cat Square terrane detrital zircon samples from the northern Inner Piedmont, which include peri-Gondwanan (600-500 Ma) and a prominent Ordovician-Silurian (similar to 430 Ma) signature. We interpret the rocks southeast of the Jackson Lake fault to represent the southwestern extension of the Cat Square terrane primarily based on the partitioning of granitoid ages and lithologic distinctions similar to the northern Inner Piedmont. Data suggest Cat Square terrane metasedimentary rocks were initially deposited in a remnant ocean basin setting and developed into an accretionary prism in front of the approaching Carolina superterrane, ultimately overridden by it in Late Devonian to Early Mississippian time. Burial to > 20 km resulted in migmatization of lower plate rocks, forming an infrastructure beneath the Carolina superterrane suprastructure. Provenance patterns support similar to 250 km of Devonian dextral translation of the composite Inner Piedmont, which places the northern portion of the Inner Piedmont adjacent to a suite of similar to 430 Ma plutons in the Virginia Blue Ridge during deposition. The megascopic thrust-nappe structural style of the northern Inner Piedmont, combined with southwest-directed lateral extrusion at mid-crustal depths, may reconcile differences in timing of metamorphism between the Carolina and central Georgia Inner Piedmont and structural contrasts between the Brindle Creek and Jackson Lake faults. C1 [Huebner, Matthew T.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, 1981 N Broadway,Suite 330, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1412 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, 1412 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Merschat, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Huebner, MT (reprint author), Lettis Consultants Int Inc, 1981 N Broadway,Suite 330, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. EM huebner@lettisci.com FU University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence; University of Tennessee Office of Research; USGS EDMAP [G09AC00126]; The University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence FX Detailed geologic mapping was funded by the University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence, the University of Tennessee Office of Research, and USGS EDMAP Award G09AC00126. The University of Tennessee-Knoxville Science Alliance Center of Excellence provided funding for geochemical analysis and ion-microprobe geochronology. Joe Wooden, Jorge Vasquez, and Matt Coble of the SUMAC facility were vital in the successful acquisition of ion microprobe data presented herein. Additionally, Drew Coleman, Ryan Mills, Jez Ingles, Chris Fedo, Calvin Miller, and Abe Padilla aided in zircon separations and graciously allowed use of their facilities for that purpose. Countless discussions with Brittany Davis, Chris Howard, Justin Rehrer, Mike Higgins, Ralph Crawford, John Costello, and Randy Kath improved our understanding of Inner Piedmont geology and provided diverse perspectives that ultimately refined our interpretations. Micah Jessup and Ted Labotka provided valuable comments to an early version of this manuscript, and Paul Mueller, Mark Steltenpohl, Greg Walsh, John Aleinikoff, and Andy Bobyarchick provided constructive reviews of revised versions that greatly enhanced the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 133 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 317 IS 2 BP 95 EP 176 DI 10.2475/02.2017.01 PG 82 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EP5AB UT WOS:000397390200001 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, J Stich, D Sigourney, D AF Zydlewski, Joseph Stich, Daniel Sigourney, Douglas TI Hard choices in assessing survival past dams - a comparison of single- and paired-release strategies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS; CHINOOK SALMON; PASSAGE SURVIVAL; HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT; DELAYED MORTALITY; MARKED ANIMALS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SALAR SMOLTS; LIFE-STAGE; BEHAVIOR AB Mark-recapture models are widely used to estimate survival of salmon smolts migrating past dams. Paired releases have been used to improve estimate accuracy by removing components of mortality not attributable to the dam. This method is accompanied by reduced precision because (i) sample size is reduced relative to a single, large release; and (ii) variance calculations inflate error. We modeled an idealized system with a single dam to assess trade-offs between accuracy and precision and compared methods using root mean squared error (RMSE). Simulations were run under predefined conditions (dam mortality, background mortality, detection probability, and sample size) to determine scenarios when the paired release was preferable to a single release. We demonstrate that a paired-release design provides a theoretical advantage over a single-release design only at large sample sizes and high probabilities of detection. At release numbers typical of many survival studies, paired release can result in overestimation of dam survival. Failures to meet model assumptions of a paired release may result in further overestimation of dam-related survival. Under most conditions, a single-release strategy was preferable. C1 [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph; Stich, Daniel] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sigourney, Douglas] Integrated Stat, 16 Summer St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stich, Daniel] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Biol, Room 113A Sci 1, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM josephz@maine.edu FU University of Maine; US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Marine Resources FX Financial support was provided by the University of Maine, and the US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Department of Marine Resources. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This manuscript benefitted from the reviews and quantitative expertise of Christopher Holbrook, Theodore Castro-Santos, Erik Blomberg, William Halteman, and several anonymous reviewers. The technical assistance provided by George Maynard is greatly appreciated. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0480 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700005 ER PT J AU Franssen, NR Gilbert, EI James, AP Davis, JE AF Franssen, Nathan R. Gilbert, Eliza I. James, Angela P. Davis, Jason E. TI Isotopic tissue turnover and discrimination factors following a laboratory diet switch in Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN STABLE-ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; FOOD-WEB; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; FRACTIONATION; MUSCLE; CARBON; ECOLOGY; RATIOS AB Stable isotope ecology has made great strides in quantifying energy transfer through food webs. However, trophic inferences gleaned from field-collected data can be limited when isotopic turnover and isotopic discrimination factors (Delta C-13 or Delta N-15) are unknown. We quantified isotopic turnover and discrimination factors using an isotopic diet switch in the endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius). The estimated half-life for delta C-13 was 62 days or a 33% increase in mass and delta N-15 averaged 133 days or a 52% increase in mass. Growth and metabolic processes both contributed to rates of turnover, but metabolic processes had a stronger effect in delta C-13 than in delta N-15. Lipid-corrected delta C-13 values resulted in discrimination factors of Delta C-13 between 0.67 and 0.82 and Delta N-15 between 2.31 and 2.93, values similar to other fishes. These results suggest sampling fin tissue may be a useful, nonlethal tool for isotopic studies. Fins also demonstrated enrichment in C-13 that was not linked to the diet switch, highlighting the importance of controls in isotopic diet switch studies to verify species-and diet-specific estimates of isotopic turnover rates. C1 [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA. [Gilbert, Eliza I.] Amer Southwest Ichthyol Researchers LLC, 800 Encino Pl NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [James, Angela P.; Davis, Jason E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA.; Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87171 USA.; Franssen, NR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM nrfranssen@gmail.com FU New Mexico Department of Game and Fish FX Thanks go to the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish for funding and to the personnel at the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for housing, tagging, and caring for fish. We also thank Manuel Ulibarri, Wade Wilson, and William Knight at the Southwestern Native Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center near Dexter, New Mexico, for providing fish, fish food, and logistical support. Special thanks go to D. Chris Kitcheyan (USFWS) for tagging fish, Tyler Pilger (University of New Mexico) for help with tissue sampling, Scott Durst (USFWS) and Michelle Dela Cruz (Bureau of Indian Affairs) for help with sampling and comments on the manuscript, and Rosalee Reese (University of New Mexico) for isotope preparation. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0531 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700013 ER PT J AU Kus, BE Howell, SL Wood, DA AF Kus, Barbara E. Howell, Scarlett L. Wood, Dustin A. TI Female-biased sex ratio, polygyny, and persistence in the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE sex ratio; polygyny; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; demographic stochasticity; persistence; endangered species ID MATING SYSTEM; PARENTAL CARE; POPULATIONS; BIRD; EXTINCTION; ADJUSTMENT; QUALITY; TIT AB Demographic changes in populations, such as skewed sex ratios, are of concern to conservationists, especially in small populations in which stochastic and other events can produce declines leading to extirpation. We documented a decline in one of the few remaining populations of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) in southern California, USA, which dropped from 40 to 5 adults between 2000 and 2015. Declines were unequal between sexes (94% for males, 82% for females). Adult sex ratios were female-biased in 10 of 16 yr. The proportion of paired males that were polygynous ranged from 0% to 100%, depending on the ratio of females to males in the adult population. Some males paired with up to 5 females simultaneously. We investigated the role of nestling sex ratio in the female-biased adult sex ratio by using genetic techniques to determine sex from blood samples collected from 162 nestlings in 72 nests from 2002 to 2009. Both population-level and within-brood nestling sex ratios were female-biased, and were not influenced by nest order (first or subsequent), parental mating type (monogamous or polygynous), or year. Disproportionately more females than males were recruited into the breeding population, mirroring nestling and fledgling sex ratios. It thus appears that a skewed nestling sex ratio has contributed to a female-biased adult population, which in turn has influenced mating behavior. We propose that the capacity for polygyny, which generally occurs at low levels in Southwestern Willow Flycatchers, has allowed this population to persist through a decline that might otherwise have resulted in extinction. C1 [Kus, Barbara E.; Howell, Scarlett L.; Wood, Dustin A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Kus, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM barbara_kus@usgs.gov FU Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton FX This work was funded by Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton through annual agreements with the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center. MCBCP and the U.S. Geological Survey required approval of the manuscript submitted for publication. Neither agency influenced the content of the submitted manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-119.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000002 ER PT J AU Crist, MR Knick, ST Hanser, SE AF Crist, Michele R. Knick, Steven T. Hanser, Steven E. TI Range-wide connectivity of priority areas for Greater Sage-Grouse: Implications for long-term conservation from graph theory SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; conservation reserve design; graph theory; Greater Sage-Grouse; network; priority areas; conservation ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NATURE-RESERVES; CIRCUIT-THEORY; POPULATION; MODELS; CENTRALITY; RESISTANCE AB The delineation of priority areas in western North America for managing Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) represents a broad-scale experiment in conservation biology. The strategy of limiting spatial disturbance and focusing conservation actions within delineated areas may benefit the greatest proportion of Greater Sage-Grouse. However, land use under normal restrictions outside priority areas potentially limits dispersal and gene flow, which can isolate priority areas and lead to spatially disjunct populations. We used graph theory, representing priority areas as spatially distributed nodes interconnected by movement corridors, to understand the capacity of priority areas to function as connected networks in the Bi-State, Central, and Washington regions of the Greater Sage-Grouse range. The Bi-State and Central networks were highly centralized; the dominant pathways and shortest linkages primarily connected a small number of large and centrally located priority areas. These priority areas are likely strongholds for Greater Sage-Grouse populations and might also function as refugia and sources. Priority areas in the Central network were more connected than those in the Bi-State and Washington networks. Almost 90% of the priority areas in the Central network had >= 2 pathways to other priority areas when movement through the landscape was set at an upper threshold (effective resistance, ER12). At a lower threshold (ER4), 83 of 123 priority areas in the Central network were clustered in 9 interconnected subgroups. The current conservation strategy has risks; 45 of 61 priority areas in the Bi-State network, 68 of 123 in the Central network, and all 4 priority areas in the Washington network had <= 1 connection to another priority area at the lower ER4 threshold. Priority areas with few linkages also averaged greater environmental resistance to movement along connecting pathways. Without maintaining corridors to larger priority areas or a clustered group, isolation of small priority areas could lead to regional loss of Greater Sage-Grouse. C1 [Crist, Michele R.; Knick, Steven T.; Hanser, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Crist, Michele R.] US Bur Land Management, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Hanser, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM sknick3495@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded our study but had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in writing the manuscript or publication. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 44 EP 57 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-60.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000005 ER PT J AU McFarland, HR Kendall, S Powell, AN AF McFarland, Heather R. Kendall, Steve Powell, Abby N. TI Nest-site selection and nest success of an Arctic-breeding passerine, Smith's Longspur, in a changing climate SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Smith's Longspur; Calcarius pictus; nest survival; temperature; habitat; climate change ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTHERN ALASKA; ECOLOGICAL FACTORS; HABITAT STRUCTURE; BIRDS; FOOD; VEGETATION; PREDATION; SPARROWS; WEATHER AB Despite changes in shrub cover and weather patterns associated with climate change in the Arctic, little is known about the breeding requirements of most passerines tied to northern regions. We investigated the nesting biology and nest habitat characteristics of Smith's Longspurs (Calcarius pictus) in 2 study areas in the Brooks Range of Alaska, USA. First, we examined variation in nesting phenology in relation to local temperatures. We then characterized nesting habitat and analyzed nest-site selection for a subset of nests (n = 86) in comparison with paired random points. Finally, we estimated the daily survival rate of 257 nests found in 2007-2013 with respect to both habitat characteristics and weather variables. Nest initiation was delayed in years with snow events, heavy rain, and freezing temperatures early in the breeding season. Nests were typically found in open, low-shrub tundra, and never among tall shrubs (mean shrub height at nests = 26.8 +/- 6.7 cm). We observed weak nest-site selection patterns. Considering the similarity between nest sites and paired random points, coupled with the unique social mating system of Smith's Longspurs, we suggest that habitat selection may occur at the neighborhood scale and not at the nest-site scale. The best approximating model explaining nest survival suggested a positive relationship with the numbers of days above 21 degrees C that an individual nest experienced; there was little support for models containing habitat variables. The daily nest survival rate was high (0.972-0.982) compared with that of most passerines in forested or grassland habitats, but similar to that of passerines nesting on tundra. Considering their high nesting success and ability to delay nest initiation during inclement weather, Smith's Longspurs may be resilient to predicted changes in weather regimes on the breeding grounds. Thus, the greatest threat to breeding Smith's Longspurs associated with climate change may be the loss of low-shrub habitat types, which could significantly change the characteristics of breeding areas. C1 [McFarland, Heather R.; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kendall, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP McFarland, HR; Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM hrcraig@alaska.edu; abbypowell@ufl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Science Support Program; USFWS Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; USGS Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Bureau of Land Management; Arctic Audubon Grant; Ted McHenry Scholarship; Bergstrom Memorial Scholarship; John Marooney Scholarship; CASE GK-12 Fellowship FX This study would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Science Support Program grant; the USFWS Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; USGS Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Bureau of Land Management. Additional funding for H.R.M. was provided through an Arctic Audubon Grant, Ted McHenry Scholarship, Bergstrom Memorial Scholarship, John Marooney Scholarship, and CASE GK-12 Fellowship. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. This paper has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-87.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000008 ER PT J AU Kramer, GR Streby, HM Peterson, SM Lehman, JA Buehler, DA Wood, PB McNeil, DJ Larkin, JL Andersen, DE AF Kramer, Gunnar R. Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Lehman, Justin A. Buehler, David A. Wood, Petra B. McNeil, Darin J. Larkin, Jeffery L. Andersen, David E. TI Nonbreeding isolation and population-specific migration patterns among three populations of Golden-winged Warblers SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE geolocators; isolation; migration; nonbreeding period; template-fit method; Vermivora chrysoptera ID LIGHT-LEVEL GEOLOCATORS; VERMIVORA-CHRYSOPTERA; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WINTERING AREAS; WIDE TRACKING; ANNUAL CYCLE; LONG-TERM; CONNECTIVITY; SONGBIRD; SUCCESS AB Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) are Nearctic-Neotropical migrants experiencing varied regional population trends not fully explained by breeding-grounds factors such as nest success. A lack of detailed information on the nonbreeding distributions, migration routes, or timing of migration among populations hampers our ability to identify population processes outside the breeding period. We used geolocators to track annual movements of 21 Golden-winged Warblers from 3 North American breeding locations experiencing varying population trends to investigate the potential for nonbreeding site factors to influence breeding populations. We used the template-fit method to estimate locations of individual warblers throughout the year. Geolocator-marked warblers exhibited significant isolation among populations during migration and the nonbreeding period. During the nonbreeding period, Golden-winged Warblers from Minnesota, USA (n = 12) occurred in Central America from southern Mexico to central Nicaragua; warblers from Tennessee, USA (n = 7) occurred along the border of northern Colombia and Venezuela; and warblers from Pennsylvania, USA (n = 2) occurred in north-central Venezuela. Warblers travelled at slower rates over more days in fall migration than spring migration. Fall migration routes at the Gulf of Mexico were population-specific, whereas spring routes were more varied and overlapped among populations. Golden-winged Warblers from Pennsylvania migrated 4,000 and 5,000 km yr(-1) farther than Tennessee and Minnesota warblers, respectively, and spent almost twice as long migrating in the fall compared to Minnesota warblers. Our results reveal nearly complete temporal and geographic isolation among 3 populations of Golden-winged Warblers throughout the annual cycle, resulting in opportunities for population-and site-specific factors to differentially influence populations outside the breeding period. Our findings highlight the need for monitoring multiple populations of migratory species to understand and better inform conservation strategies. C1 [Kramer, Gunnar R.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Lehman, Justin A.; Buehler, David A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Wood, Petra B.] West Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McNeil, Darin J.; Larkin, Jeffery L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Larkin, Jeffery L.] Amer Bird Conservancy, The Plains, VA USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kramer, GR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gunnarrkramer@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [1202729]; U.S.D.A Natural Resources Conservation Service FX These data were collected during a project funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 98 at the U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; by the National Science Foundation through Postdoctoral Research Fellowship No. 1202729 (H. Streby); and by the U.S.D.A Natural Resources Conservation Service in a grant administered by J. Larkin. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript and only the U.S. Geological Survey required approval of the final manuscript prior to publication as required in their Fundamental Sciences Practices protocols. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-143.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000010 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT AF Pearse, Aaron T. TI A Chorus of Cranes: The Cranes of North America and the World SO CONDOR LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 1 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-16-159.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM1ZD UT WOS:000395115000015 ER PT J AU Wade, AA Hand, BK Kovach, RP Luikart, G Whited, DC Muhlfeld, CC AF Wade, Alisa A. Hand, Brian K. Kovach, Ryan P. Luikart, Gordon Whited, Diane C. Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Accounting for adaptive capacity and uncertainty in assessments of species' climate-change vulnerability SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; bull trout; CCVA; Columbia River Basin; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salvelinus confluentus; steelhead trout; uncertainty ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENETIC RESPONSES; ALLELIC DIVERSITY; CHINOOK SALMON; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION AB Climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are valuable tools for assessing species' vulnerability to climatic changes, yet failure to include measures of adaptive capacity and to account for sources of uncertainty may limit their effectiveness. We took a more comprehensive approach that incorporates exposure, sensitivity, and capacity to adapt to climate change. We applied our approach to anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and nonanadromous bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), threatened salmonids within the Columbia River Basin (U.S.A.). We quantified exposure on the basis of scenarios of future stream temperature and flow, and we represented sensitivity and capacity to adapt to climate change with metrics of habitat quality, demographic condition, and genetic diversity. Both species were found to be highly vulnerable to climate change at low elevations and in their southernmost habitats. However, vulnerability rankings varied widely depending on the factors (climate, habitat, demographic, and genetic) included in the CCVA and often differed for the 2 species at locations where they were sympatric. Our findings illustrate that CCVA results are highly sensitive to data inputs and that spatial differences can complicate multispecies conservation. Based on our results, we suggest that CCVAs be considered within a broader conceptual and computational framework and be used to refine hypotheses, guide research, and compare plausible scenarios of species' vulnerability to climate change. C1 [Wade, Alisa A.; Hand, Brian K.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Luikart, Gordon; Whited, Diane C.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Wade, AA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM alisa.wade@umontana.edu FU Department of Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; NASA [NNX14AB84G]; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; NSF [DEB-1258203]; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks FX This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from R. Waples, P. Beier, M. Burgman, and one anonymous reviewer. This work was predominantly supported by the Department of Interior Northwest Climate Science Center and NASA grant number NNX14AB84G. R.K. was supported by the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. B.K.H. and G.L. were also partially supported by NSF grants DEB-1258203 and Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1111/cobi.12764 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100015 PM 27214122 ER PT J AU Correll, MD Wiest, WA Hodgman, TP Shriver, WG Elphick, CS McGill, BJ O'Brien, KM Olsen, BJ AF Correll, Maureen D. Wiest, Whitney A. Hodgman, Thomas P. Shriver, W. Gregory Elphick, Chris S. McGill, Brian J. O'Brien, Kathleen M. Olsen, Brian J. TI Predictors of specialist avifaunal decline in coastal marshes SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; multiple stressors; population trends; resilience; Saltmarsh Sparrow; tidal marsh ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SCALE DAM REMOVAL; SALT-MARSH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; GEOMORPHIC CHANGE; MARINE SYSTEMS; ELWHA RIVER; NEW-ENGLAND; LAND-USE AB Coastal marshes are one of the world's most productive ecosystems. Consequently, they have been heavily used by humans for centuries, resulting in ecosystem loss. Direct human modifications such as road crossings and ditches and climatic stressors such as sea-level rise and extreme storm events have the potential to further degrade the quantity and quality of marsh along coastlines. We used an 18-year marsh-bird database to generate population trends for 5 avian species (Rallus crepitans, Tringa semipalmata semipalmata, Ammodramus nelsonii subvirgatus, Ammodramus caudacutus, and Ammodramus maritimus) that breed almost exclusively in tidal marshes, and are potentially vulnerable to marsh degradation and loss as a result of anthropogenic change. We generated community and species trends across 3 spatial scales and explored possible drivers of the changes we observed, including marsh ditching, tidal restriction through road crossings, local rates of sea-level rise, and potential for extreme flooding events. The specialist community showed negative trends in tidally restricted marshes (-2.4% annually from 1998 to 2012) but was stable in unrestricted marshes across the same period. At the species level, we found negative population trends in 3 of the 5 specialist species, ranging from -4.2% to 9.0% annually. We suggest that tidal restriction may accelerate degradation of tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise by limiting sediment supply necessary for marsh accretion, resulting in specialist habitat loss in tidally restricted marshes. Based on our findings, we predict a collapse of the global population of Saltmarsh Sparrows (A. caudacutus) within the next 50 years and suggest that immediate conservation action is needed to prevent extinction of this species. We also suggest mitigation actions to restore sediment supply to coastal marshes to help sustain this ecosystem into the future. Predictores de la Declinacion de Avifauna Especialista en Humedales Costeros Los humedales costeros son uno de los ecosistemas mas productivos en el mundo. Consecuentemente, han sido utilizados intensivamente por los humanos durante siglos, resultando en la perdida del ecosistema. Modificaciones humanas directas como caminos y zanjas, asi como agentes climaticos estresantes como el incremento del nivel del mar y eventos de tormentas extremas tienen el potencial de degradar aun mas la cantidad y calidad de humedales a lo largo de las costas. Utilizamos una base de datos de 18 anos de aves de humedal para generar tendencias poblaciones de especies de aves (Rallus crepitans, Tringa semipalmata semipalmata, Ammodramus nelsonii subvirgatus, A. caudacutus, y A. maritimus) que se reproducen casi exclusivamente en marismas y que son potencialmente vulnerables a la degradacion y perdida de humedales como resultado de cambios antropogenicos. Generamos tendencias de la comunidad y de especies en 3 escalas espaciales y exploramos los posibles factores de los cambios observados, incluyendo la construccion de canales, la restriccion de mareas por medio de caminos, tasas locales de incremento del nivel del mar y el potencial de eventos de inundacion extremos. La comunidad de especialistas mostro tendencias negativas en humedales restringidos por las mareas (-2.4% anualmente de 1998 a 2012), pero fue estable en humedales no restringidos. A nivel de especies, encontramos tendencias poblacionales negativas en 3 de las 5 especies especialistas que variaron entre -4.2% a 9% anualmente. Sugerimos que la restriccion de mareas puede acelerar la degradacion de la resiliencia de marismas al incremento del nivel del mar al limitar el aporte de los sedimentos necesarios para la acrecion de marismas, lo cual resulta en la perdida de habitat en marismas restringidas por las mareas. Con base en nuestros resultados, pronosticamos un colapso de la poblacion global de A. caudacutus en los proximos 50 anos y sugerimos que se requieren acciones de conservacion inmediatas para prevenir la extincion de esta especie. Tambien sugerimos acciones de mitigacion para restaurar el aporte de sedimentos en los humedales costeros para ayudar a sostener este ecosistema en el futuro. Resumen C1 [Correll, Maureen D.; McGill, Brian J.; Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Correll, Maureen D.; McGill, Brian J.; Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Ecol & Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Wiest, Whitney A.; Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hodgman, Thomas P.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Conservat & Biodivers, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Correll, MD (reprint author), Univ Maine, 204 Clapp Greenhouse, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM maureen.correll@maine.edu FU Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Delaware [U2-5-R-1]; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Maryland [U2-5-R-1]; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Connecticut [U2-5-R-1]; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the State of Maine [U2-5-R-1]; National Science Foundation Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [DGE-1144423]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [P11AT00245, 50154-0-G004A]; United States Department of Agriculture [ME0-H-6-00492-12]; Maine Association of Wetland Scientists; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Rachel Carson NWR; Parker River NWR; Monomoy NWR; Bombay Hook NWR; Massachusetts Audubon; New Hampshire Audubon; Audubon New York; New Jersey Audubon; New Jersey Meadowlands Commission; Smithsonian Institution; SHARP FX We received primary funding through a Competitive State Wildlife Grant (U2-5-R-1) via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the States of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine. Additional funding was provided through a National Science Foundation Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (DGE-1144423), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (P11AT00245, 50154-0-G004A), United States Department of Agriculture (ME0-H-6-00492-12), and the Maine Association of Wetland Scientists. We thank the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Rachel Carson NWR, Parker River NWR, Monomoy NWR, Bombay Hook NWR, Massachusetts Audubon, New Hampshire Audubon, Audubon New York, New Jersey Audubon, The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, the Smithsonian Institution, and all SHARP partners for data and field support. We thank SHARP field crews in 2011 and 2012 and land owners who allowed access to their properties. We also thank W. Halteman, E. Adams, J. McCabe, and D. Rosco for support during analysis, and 3 anonymous reviewers whose feedback greatly improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of our sponsors. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1111/cobi.12797 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100018 PM 27542096 ER PT J AU Dilkina, B Houtman, R Gomes, CP Montgomery, CA McKelvey, KS Kendall, K Graves, TA Bernstein, R Schwartz, MK AF Dilkina, Bistra Houtman, Rachel Gomes, Carla P. Montgomery, Claire A. McKelvey, Kevin S. Kendall, Katherine Graves, Tabitha A. Bernstein, Richard Schwartz, Michael K. TI Trade-offs and efficiencies in optimal budget-constrained multispecies corridor networks SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; conservation planning; cost-effective conservation; economics; optimization; protected areas; threatened species; wildlife corridor ID LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRIZZLY BEARS; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; WOLVERINE; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; DISPERSAL AB Conservation biologists recognize that a system of isolated protected areas will be necessary but insufficient to meet biodiversity objectives. Current approaches to connecting core conservation areas through corridors consider optimal corridor placement based on a single optimization goal: commonly, maximizing the movement for a target species across a network of protected areas. We show that designing corridors for single species based on purely ecological criteria leads to extremely expensive linkages that are suboptimal for multispecies connectivity objectives. Similarly, acquiring the least-expensive linkages leads to ecologically poor solutions. We developed algorithms for optimizing corridors for multispecies use given a specific budget. We applied our approach in western Montana to demonstrate how the solutions may be used to evaluate trade-offs in connectivity for 2 species with different habitat requirements, different core areas, and different conservation values under different budgets. We evaluated corridors that were optimal for each species individually and for both species jointly. Incorporating a budget constraint and jointly optimizing for both species resulted in corridors that were close to the individual species movement-potential optima but with substantial cost savings. Our approach produced corridors that were within 14% and 11% of the best possible corridor connectivity for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolverines (Gulo gulo), respectively, and saved 75% of the cost. Similarly, joint optimization under a combined budget resulted in improved connectivity for both species relative to splitting the budget in 2 to optimize for each species individually. Our results demonstrate economies of scale and complementarities conservation planners can achieve by optimizing corridor designs for financial costs and for multiple species connectivity jointly. We believe that our approach will facilitate corridor conservation by reducing acquisition costs and by allowing derived corridors to more closely reflect conservation priorities. C1 [Dilkina, Bistra] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Sch Computat Sci & Engn, 266 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Houtman, Rachel; Montgomery, Claire A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 280 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gomes, Carla P.; Bernstein, Richard] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Inst Computat Sustainabil, 353 Gates Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McKelvey, Kevin S.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, Missoula, MT USA. [Kendall, Katherine; Graves, Tabitha A.] US Geol Survey, Glacier Field Stn, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 38 Mather Dr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, Missoula, MT USA. EM michaelkschwartz@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-0832782, CCF-1522054, 1059284]; USFS RD FX We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF Expeditions in Computing award for Computational Sustainability CCF-0832782, NSF Expeditions in Computing award for CompSustNet CCF-1522054, and NSF Computing research infrastructure for Computational Sustainability grant 1059284) for sustained funding. We thank the USFS R&D for initial funding for this project. We thank R. Le Bras, Y. Xue, D. Calkin, W. Block, and K. Lai for earlier work on this project and T. Cross for editorial comments. We thank the agencies and hundreds of employees and volunteers that provided substantial logistical, funding, and in-kind support for collection of bear data used in this analysis, including USGS; the Blackfeet Nation; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the U.S. Forest Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1111/cobi.12814 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100020 PM 27677418 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Coco, G Townend, I Olabarrieta, M van der Wegen, M Gong, Z D'Alpaos, A Gao, S Jaffe, BE Gelfenbaum, G He, Q Wang, YP Lanzoni, S Wang, ZB Winterwerp, H Zhang, CK AF Zhou, Zeng Coco, Giovanni Townend, Ian Olabarrieta, Maitane van der Wegen, Mick Gong, Zheng D'Alpaos, Andrea Gao, Shu Jaffe, Bruce E. Gelfenbaum, Guy He, Qing Wang, Yaping Lanzoni, Stefano Wang, Zhengbing Winterwerp, Han Zhang, Changkuan TI Is "Morphodynamic Equilibrium" an oxymoron? SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Morphodynamic equilibrium; Estuaries and coasts; Sediment transport; Static equilibrium; Dynamic equilibrium; Numerical modelling ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STABILITY; TIDAL EMBAYMENTS; LONG-TERM; ESTUARINE MORPHODYNAMICS; INTERTIDAL MUDFLATS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; WIND-WAVES; FORM MODEL; RIVER FLOW AB Morphodynamic equilibrium is a widely adopted yet elusive concept in the field of geomorphology of coasts, rivers and estuaries. Based on the Exner equation, an expression of mass conservation of sediment, we distinguish three types of equilibrium defined as static and dynamic, of which two different types exist. Other expressions such as statistical and quasi-equilibrium which do not strictly satisfy the Exner conditions are also acknowledged for their practical use. The choice of a temporal scale is imperative to analyse the type of equilibrium. We discuss the difference between morphodynamic equilibrium in the "real world" (nature) and the "virtual world" (model). Modelling studies rely on simplifications of the real world and lead to understanding of process interactions. A variety of factors affect the use of virtual-world predictions in the real world (e.g., variability in environmental drivers and variability in the setting) so that the concept of morphodynamic equilibrium should be mathematically unequivocal in the virtual world and interpreted over the appropriate spatial and temporal scale in the real world. We draw examples from estuarine settings which are subject to various governing factors which broadly include hydrodynamics, sedimentology and landscape setting. Following the traditional "tide-wave-river" ternary diagram, we summarize studies to date that explore the "virtual world", discuss the type of equilibrium reached and how it relates to the real world. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Zeng] Hohai Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Coast Ocean Resources Dev & Envir, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Zeng; Coco, Giovanni] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Townend, Ian] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Olabarrieta, Maitane] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [van der Wegen, Mick] UNESCO, IHE, Delft, Netherlands. [van der Wegen, Mick; Wang, Zhengbing; Winterwerp, Han] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Gong, Zheng; Zhang, Changkuan] Hohai Univ, Coll Harbour Coastal & Offshore Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [D'Alpaos, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Padua, Italy. [Gao, Shu; He, Qing] East China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Jaffe, Bruce E.; Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wang, Yaping] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lanzoni, Stefano] Univ Padua, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Padua, Italy. [Wang, Zhengbing; Winterwerp, Han] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Coast Ocean Resources Dev & Envir, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhouzeng@hhu.edu.cn OI Zhou, Zeng/0000-0002-4745-1621 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41606104, 51620105005]; Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation [BK20160862]; "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", China [2016B00714, 2015B24814] FX This work benefited from the open discussion during the 4th Estuary Day Workshop, with a theme of "Morphodynamic equilibrium in tidal environments", held at Hohai University, Nanjing in October 2015. The authors are grateful to all the participants for the insightful and stimulating ideas. We wish to thank Brad Murray, the anonymous reviewer and Joan Florsheim (the Editor) for the insightful comments which helped to improve the original manuscript considerably. We also would like to thank Amy East (Coastal and Marine Geology group, USGS) for many useful comments and language edits. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 41606104, 51620105005), the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. BK20160862) and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (Grant Nos. 2016B00714, 2015B24814), China. NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 165 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.002 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL1QJ UT WOS:000394395800010 ER PT J AU Li, L Maher, K Navarre-Sitchler, A Druhan, J Meile, C Lawrence, C Moore, J Perdrial, J Sullivan, P Thompson, A Jin, LX Bolton, EW Brantley, SL Dietrich, WE Mayer, KU Steefel, CI Valocchi, A Zachara, J Kocar, B Mcintosh, J Tutolo, BM Kumar, M Sonnenthal, E Bao, C Beisman, J AF Li, Li Maher, Kate Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis Druhan, Jenny Meile, Christof Lawrence, Corey Moore, Joel Perdrial, Julia Sullivan, Pamela Thompson, Aaron Jin, Lixin Bolton, Edward W. Brantley, Susan L. Dietrich, William E. Mayer, K. Ulrich Steefel, Carl I. Valocchi, Albert Zachara, John Kocar, Benjamin Mcintosh, Jennifer Tutolo, Benjamin M. Kumar, Mukesh Sonnenthal, Eric Bao, Chen Beisman, Joe TI Expanding the role of reactive transport models in critical zone processes SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Critical Zone Processes; Reactive transport models; Chemical weathering; Hydrological cycles; Biogeochemical processes; Spatial heterogeneity; Root zone; Isotopes ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; RUDIMENTARY MECHANISTIC MODEL; URANIUM BIOREDUCTION RATES; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; COUPLED LAND-SURFACE; POROUS-MEDIA; DISSOLUTION RATES AB Models test our understanding of processes and can reach beyond the spatial and temporal scales of measurements. Multi-component Reactive Transport Models (RTMs), initially developed more than three decades ago, have been used extensively to explore the interactions of geothermal, hydrologic, geochemical, and geobiological processes in subsurface systems. Driven by extensive data sets now available from intensive measurement efforts, there is a pressing need to couple RTMs with other community models to explore non-linear interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Here we briefly review the history of RTM development, summarize the current state of RTM approaches, and identify new research directions, opportunities, and infrastructure needs to broaden the use of RTMs. In particular, we envision the expanded use of RTMs in advancing process understanding in the Critical Zone, the veneer of the Earth that extends from the top of vegetation to the bottom of groundwater. We argue that, although parsimonious models are essential at larger scales, process-based models offer tools to explore the highly nonlinear coupling that characterizes natural systems. We present seven testable hypotheses that emphasize the unique capabilities of process-based RTMs for (1) elucidating chemical weathering and its physical and biogeochemical drivers; (2) understanding the interactions among roots, micro-organisms, carbon, water, and minerals in the rhizosphere; (3) assessing the effects of heterogeneity across spatial and temporal scales; and (4) integrating the vast quantity of novel data, including "omics" data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), elemental concentration and speciation data, and isotope data into our understanding of complex earth surface systems. With strong support from data-driven sciences, we are now in an exciting era where integration of RTM framework into other community models will facilitate process understanding across disciplines and across scales. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Li; Bao, Chen] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis; Beisman, Joe] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Druhan, Jenny] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Meile, Christof] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lawrence, Corey] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Moore, Joel] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Perdrial, Julia] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Sullivan, Pamela] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Thompson, Aaron] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jin, Lixin] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Bolton, Edward W.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dietrich, William E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mayer, K. Ulrich] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Steefel, Carl I.; Sonnenthal, Eric] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Valocchi, Albert] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zachara, John] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kocar, Benjamin] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mcintosh, Jennifer] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Tutolo, Benjamin M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Kumar, Mukesh] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lili@engr.psu.edu FU NSF Low Temperature Geochemistry and Geobiology [EAR 14-14558]; NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory [NNA13AA93A]; DOE OBES [DE-FG02-OSER15675]; DOE SBR [DE-FOA-0000311] FX This paper grew out of the workshop "Expanding the role of reactive transport modeling in biogeochemical sciences", held in Alexandra, Virginia on April 13-15, 2014 (Li et al., 2014) with support from the NSF Low Temperature Geochemistry and Geobiology (EAR 14-14558). EWB received support from NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement number NNA13AA93A. SLB acknowledges funding from DOE OBES DE-FG02-OSER15675. LL acknowledges funding from DOE SBR DE-FOA-0000311. We acknowledge insightful feedbacks and careful editing from Jon Chorover and David L. Parkhurst, as well as stimulating and constructive comments from Olaf Cirpka and two anonymous reviewers that have significantly improved this paper. We appreciate Dr. Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza for handling this manuscript NR 453 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 165 BP 280 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.09.001 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL1QJ UT WOS:000394395800012 ER PT J AU Overstreet, BT Legleiter, CJ AF Overstreet, Brandon T. Legleiter, Carl J. TI Removing sun glint from optical remote sensing images of shallow rivers SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of rivers; hyperspectral imagery; sun glint; bathymetry; geomorphology ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; WATER; BATHYMETRY; ENVIRONMENTS; PREDICTION; GLITTER; DEPTHS; MODEL AB Sun glint is the specular reflection of light from the water surface, which often causes unusually bright pixel values that can dominate fluvial remote sensing imagery and obscure the water-leaving radiance signal of interest for mapping bathymetry, bottom type, or water column optical characteristics. Although sun glint is ubiquitous in fluvial remote sensing imagery, river-specific methods for removing sun glint are not yet available. We show that existing sun glint-removal methods developed for multispectral images of marine shallow water environments over-correct shallow portions of fluvial remote sensing imagery resulting in regions of unreliable data along channel margins. We build on existing marine glint-removal methods to develop a river-specific technique that removes sun glint from shallow areas of the channel without over-correction by accounting for non-negligible water-leaving near-infrared radiance. This new sun glint-removal method can improve the accuracy of spectrally-based depth retrieval in cases where sun glint dominates the at-sensor radiance. For an example image of the gravel-bed Snake River, Wyoming, USA, observed-versus-predicted R-2 values for depth retrieval improved from 0.66 to 0.76 following sun glint removal. The methodology presented here is straightforward to implement and could be incorporated into image processing workflows for multispectral images that include a near-infrared band. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Overstreet, Brandon T.; Legleiter, Carl J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, 1000 E Univ Ave,Dept 3371, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Overstreet, BT (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, 1000 E Univ Ave,Dept 3371, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM boverstr@uwyo.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010873, N000141210737]; University of Wyoming Water Resources Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program; Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA) [NNX15AI08H]; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center FX This study was funded by the Office of Naval Research (awards N000141010873 and N000141210737). Additional financial support was provided by the University of Wyoming Water Resources Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program and the Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA Grant #NNX15AI08H). The National Park Service granted permission to collect field measurements and conduct remote sensing flights within Grand Teton National Park. The University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center provided financial and logistical support. Chip Rawlins, Toby Stegman, and Annie Toth assisted with field data collection. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 2 BP 318 EP 333 DI 10.1002/esp.4063 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EL5VI UT WOS:000394689000006 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB AF Yackulic, Charles B. TI Competitive exclusion over broad spatial extents is a slow process: evidence and implications for species distribution modeling SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; RANGE DYNAMICS; BARRED OWLS; EXTINCTION; HABITAT; COEXISTENCE; DIVERSITY AB There is considerable debate about the role of competition in shaping species distributions over broad spatial extents. This debate has practical implications because predicting changes in species' geographic ranges in response to ongoing environmental change would be simpler if competition could be ignored. While this debate has been the subject of many reviews, recent literature has not addressed the rates of relevant processes. This omission is surprising in that ecologists hypothesized decades ago that regional competitive exclusion is a slow process. The goal of this review is to reassess the debate under the hypothesis that competitive exclusion over broad spatial extents is a slow process. Available evidence, including simulations presented for the first time here, suggests that competitive exclusion over broad spatial extents occurs slowly over temporal extents of many decades to millennia. Ecologists arguing against an important role for competition frequently study modern patterns and/or range dynamics over periods of decades, while much of the evidence for competition shaping geographic ranges at broad spatial extents comes from paleoecological studies over time scales of centuries or longer. If competition is slow, as evidence suggests, the geographic distributions of some, perhaps many species, would continue to change over time scales of decades to millennia, even if environmental conditions did not continue to change. If the distributions of competing species are at equilibrium it is possible to predict species distributions based on observed species-environment relationships. However, disequilibrium is widespread as a result of competition and many other processes. Studies whose goal is accurate predictions over intermediate time scales (decades to centuries) should focus on factors associated with range expansion (colonization) and loss (local extinction), as opposed to current patterns. In general, understanding of modern range dynamics would be enhanced by considering the rates of relevant processes. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM cyackulic@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 IS 2 DI 10.1111/ecog.02836 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5NW UT WOS:000394668800009 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Stolz, JF AF Oremland, Ronald S. Stolz, John F. TI Metabolomic changes in response to toxic arsenite SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MICROBIAL-METABOLISM; ANTIMONITE OXIDASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OXIDATION; INVOLVEMENT; WATERS; EARTH C1 [Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 413 EP 414 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.13596 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EL9XI UT WOS:000394973000002 PM 27871131 ER PT J AU MacDonald, D Haines, ML Ingersoll, C AF MacDonald, Don Haines, Mary Lou Ingersoll, Chris TI EDWARD R. LONG In Memoriam SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Biographical-Item ID SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES; TOXICITY; MARINE C1 [MacDonald, Don; Haines, Mary Lou] MacDonald Environm Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Ingersoll, Chris] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. RP MacDonald, D (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 36 IS 2 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1002/etc.3685 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EL5UL UT WOS:000394686600001 PM 28027396 ER PT J AU Kingsley, EP Kozak, KM Pfeifer, SP Yang, DS Hoekstra, HE AF Kingsley, Evan P. Kozak, Krzysztof M. Pfeifer, Susanne P. Yang, Dou-Shuan Hoekstra, Hopi E. TI The ultimate and proximate mechanisms driving the evolution of long tails in forest deer mice SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Caudal vertebrae; convergence; local adaptation; parallel evolution; Peromyscus maniculatus; skeletal evolution ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; GENUS PEROMYSCUS; CYTOCHROME-B; ADAPTATION; POPULATIONS AB Understanding both the role of selection in driving phenotypic change and its underlying genetic basis remain major challenges in evolutionary biology. Here, we use modern tools to revisit a classic system of local adaptation in the North American deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, which occupies two main habitat types: prairie and forest. Using historical collections, we find that forest-dwelling mice have longer tails than those from nonforested habitat, even when we account for individual and population relatedness. Using genome-wide SNP data, we show that mice from forested habitats in the eastern and western parts of their range form separate clades, suggesting that increased tail length evolved independently. We find that forest mice in the east and west have both more and longer caudal vertebrae, but not trunk vertebrae, than nearby prairie forms. By intercrossing prairie and forest mice, we show that the number and length of caudal vertebrae are not correlated in this recombinant population, indicating that variation in these traits is controlled by separate genetic loci. Together, these results demonstrate convergent evolution of the long-tailed forest phenotype through two distinct genetic mechanisms, affecting number and length of vertebrae, and suggest that these morphological changeseither independently or togetherare adaptive. C1 [Kingsley, Evan P.; Hoekstra, Hopi E.] Harvard Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kozak, Krzysztof M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Kozak, Krzysztof M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. [Pfeifer, Susanne P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Life Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Pfeifer, Susanne P.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Pfeifer, Susanne P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yang, Dou-Shuan] Univ Washington, Burke Museum & Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yang, Dou-Shuan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura Field Off,2493 Portola Rd B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Hoekstra, HE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hoekstra@oeb.harvard.edu FU FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University; Putnam Expedition Grant from the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ); Robert A. Chapman Memorial Scholarship from Harvard University; Harvard PRISE Fellowship; Harvard College; NIH Genome Sciences Training Grant through the University of Washington FX The authors wish to thank Emily Hager, Jonathan Losos, Ricardo Mallarino, the associate editor, and four anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Judy Chupasko facilitated work in the MCZ Mammal collection. Jonathan Losos, Luke Mahler, and Shane Campbell-Staton advised on comparative methods. The following individuals and institutions kindly provided tissue samples (a) and specimen records (b) used in this study: R. Mallarino, L. Turner, and A. Young (MCZ; a, b); S. Peurachs (Smithsonian Institution; a, b), C. Dardia (Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates; a, b), S. Hinshaw (University of Michigan Museum of Vertebrates; a, b), L. Olson (University of Alaska Museum of the North; a, b), J. Dunnum (University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology; a, b), C. Conroy (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley; a, b), P. Gegick (New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; a, b), S. Woodward (Royal Ontario Museum; a, b), H. Garner (Texas Tech University; a, b), E. Rickart (Utah Museum of Natural History; a, b), R. Jennings (University of Western New Mexico; b), J. Storz (University of Nebraska; a), and the databases of the University of Florida Museum of Natural History (b) and the Burke Museum of Natural History at the University of Washington (b). Read alignment and variant calling were run at the Vital-IT Center (http://www.vital-it.ch) for high-performance computing of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). Phylogeographic analyses were run at the School of Life Sciences, University of Cambridge, with the assistance from J. Barna, and on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University. This work was supported by a Putnam Expedition Grant from the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) and the Robert A. Chapman Memorial Scholarship from Harvard University to EPK; a Harvard PRISE Fellowship and undergraduate research grants from Harvard College and the MCZ to K.K.; and an NIH Genome Sciences Training Grant to D.S.Y. through the University of Washington. H.E.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 2017 VL 71 IS 2 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1111/evo.13150 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EM0CA UT WOS:000394985200006 PM 27958661 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Casper, AF Counihan, TD Bayer, JM Waite, IR Kosovich, JJ Chapman, CG Irwin, ER Sauer, JS Ickes, BS McKerrow, AJ AF Ward, David L. Casper, Andrew F. Counihan, Timothy D. Bayer, Jennifer M. Waite, Ian R. Kosovich, John J. Chapman, Colin G. Irwin, Elise R. Sauer, Jennifer S. Ickes, Brian S. McKerrow, Alexa J. TI Long-Term Fish Monitoring in Large Rivers: Utility of "Benchmarking" across Basins SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER; ILLINOIS RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; HUMPBACK CHUB; POPULATION; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES; SURPRISES; ECOSYSTEM AB In business, benchmarking is a widely used practice of comparing your own business processes to those of other comparable companies and incorporating identified best practices to improve performance. Biologists and resource managers designing and conducting monitoring programs for fish in large river systems tend to focus on single river basins or segments of large rivers, missing opportunities to learn from those conducting fish monitoring in other rivers. We briefly examine five long-term fish monitoring programs in large rivers in the United States (Colorado, Columbia, Mississippi, Illinois, and Tallapoosa rivers) and identify opportunities for learning across programs by detailing best monitoring practices and why these practices were chosen. Although monitoring objectives, methods, and program maturity differ between each river system, examples from these five case studies illustrate the important role that long-term monitoring programs play in interpreting temporal and spatial shifts in fish populations for both established objectives and newly emerging questions. We suggest that deliberate efforts to develop a broader collaborative network through benchmarking will facilitate sharing of ideas and development of more effective monitoring programs. C1 [Ward, David L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Casper, Andrew F.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL USA. [Counihan, Timothy D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. [Bayer, Jennifer M.] US Geol Survey, Northwest Reg, Seattle, WA USA. [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Kosovich, John J.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chapman, Colin G.] Ocean Salmon & Columbia River Program, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Clackamas, OR USA. [Irwin, Elise R.] US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. [Sauer, Jennifer S.; Ickes, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [McKerrow, Alexa J.] NC State Univ, US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt Synth & Lib, David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov; jbayer@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [1986-050-00]; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; State of Oregon; USFWS; Illinois Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program; Alabama Power Company; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX Funding for the Columbia River portion of this project was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 1986-050-00), the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the State of Oregon. The Illinois River portion of this project was supported by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act, with funds administered by USFWS and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Funding for the Upper Mississippi River portion of this project was provided by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. Funding for the Tallapoosa River portion was provided by Alabama Power Company and the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources with research conducted using live animals under Auburn University IACUC protocol # 96-0256. Cooperators for the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Research Unit are USGS, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Wildlife Management Institute, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, and USFWS. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for informational use only and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 2 BP 100 EP 114 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL6RZ UT WOS:000394751100007 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Cooke, SJ Beard, TD Kao, YC Lorenzen, K Song, AM Allen, MS Basher, Z Bunnell, DB Camp, EV Cowx, IG Freedman, JA Nguyen, VM Nohner, JK Rogers, MW Siders, ZA Taylor, WW Youn, SJ AF Lynch, Abigail J. Cooke, Steven J. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Kao, Yu-Chun Lorenzen, Kai Song, Andrew M. Allen, Micheal S. Basher, Zeenatul Bunnell, David B. Camp, Edward V. Cowx, Ian G. Freedman, Jonathan A. Nguyen, Vivian M. Nohner, Joel K. Rogers, Mark W. Siders, Zachary A. Taylor, William W. Youn, So-Jung TI Grand Challenges in the Management and Conservation of North American Inland Fishes and Fisheries SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VALUES; SERVICES; PRINCIPLES; SUPPORT; BIOLOGY; THREATS AB Even with long-standing management and extensive science support, North American inland fish and fisheries still face many conservation and management challenges. We used a grand challenges approach to identify critical roadblocks that if removed would help solve important problems in the management and long-term conservation of North American inland fish and fisheries. We identified seven grand challenges within three themes (valuation, governance, and externalities) and 34 research needs and management actions. The major themes identified are to (1) raise awareness of diverse values associated with inland fish and fisheries, (2) govern inland fish and fisheries to satisfy multiple use and conservation objectives, and (3) ensure productive inland fisheries given nonfishing sector externalities. Addressing these grand challenges will help the broader community understand the diverse values of inland fish and fisheries, promote open forums for engagement of diverse stakeholders in fisheries management, and better integrate the inland fish sector into the greater water and land use policy process. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.; Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.; Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Kao, Yu-Chun; Basher, Zeenatul; Nohner, Joel K.; Taylor, William W.; Youn, So-Jung] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lorenzen, Kai; Allen, Micheal S.; Camp, Edward V.; Freedman, Jonathan A.; Siders, Zachary A.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Song, Andrew M.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Bunnell, David B.; Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ajlynch@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX The synthesis workshop and joint activities of this group have been funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Additional support was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada's Too Big To Ignore Network based out of Memorial University, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs program, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2017 VL 42 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL6RZ UT WOS:000394751100008 ER PT J AU Fredenberg, CR Muhlfeld, CC Guy, CS D'Angelo, VS Downs, CC Syslo, JM AF Fredenberg, C. R. Muhlfeld, C. C. Guy, C. S. D'Angelo, V. S. Downs, C. C. Syslo, J. M. TI Suppression of invasive lake trout in an isolated backcountry lake in Glacier National Park SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demographics; introduced species; invasive species; matrix model; Salvelinus confluentus; Salvelinus namaycush ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; BULL TROUT; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; FISHES; DISPLACEMENT; EXTINCTIONS AB Fisheries managers have implemented suppression programmes to control non-native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), in several lakes throughout the western United States. This study determined the feasibility of experimentally suppressing lake trout using gillnets in an isolated backcountry lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, for the conservation of threatened bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley). The demographics of the lake trout population during suppression (2009-2013) were described, and those data were used to assess the effects of suppression scenarios on population growth rate () using an age-structured population model. Model simulations indicated that the population was growing exponentially (=1.23, 95% CI: 1.16-1.28) prior to suppression. However, suppression resulted in declining (0.61-0.79) for lake trout, which was concomitant with stable bull trout adult abundances. Continued suppression at or above observed exploitation levels is needed to ensure continued population declines. C1 [Fredenberg, C. R.; Muhlfeld, C. C.; D'Angelo, V. S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Guy, C. S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fredenberg, C. R.] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Syslo, J. M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Guy, CS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cguy@montana.edu FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service; Montana State University [28-06]; Montana State University; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks FX We are grateful to B. Miller, B. Galloway, T. Pederson and J. Giersch for field assistance. Funding for the project was provided by the US Geological Survey and The National Park Service. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University protocol number 28-06. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by Montana State University, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 24 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1111/fme.12200 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL9TG UT WOS:000394962400004 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Bell, DM AF Bradford, John B. Bell, David M. TI A window of opportunity for climate-change adaptation: easing tree mortality by reducing forest basal area SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; IMPACTS; VULNERABILITY; CONSEQUENCES; FUTURE AB Increasing aridity as a result of climate change is expected to exacerbate tree mortality. Reducing forest basal area - the cross-sectional area of tree stems within a given ground area - can decrease tree competition, which may reduce drought-induced tree mortality. However, neither the magnitude of expected mortality increases, nor the potential effectiveness of basal area reduction, has been quantified in dryland forests such as those of the drought-prone Southwest US. We used thousands of repeatedly measured forest plots to show that unusually warm and dry conditions are related to high tree mortality rates and that mortality is positively related to basal area. Those relationships suggest that while increasing high temperature extremes forecasted by climate models may lead to elevated tree mortality during the 21st century, future tree mortality might be partly ameliorated by reducing stand basal area. This adaptive forest management strategy may provide a window of opportunity for forest managers and policy makers to guide forest transitions to species and/or genotypes more suited to future climates. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bell, David M.] Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov FU US Department of Interior's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; US National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DBI-1202800]; USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This analysis would not have been possible without the data collected by the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. JBB was supported by the US Department of Interior's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. DMB was supported by a US National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology (DBI-1202800) and the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1002/fee.1445 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OV UT WOS:000394671300013 ER PT J AU Steenweg, R Hebblewhite, M Kays, R Ahumada, J Fisher, JT Burton, C Townsend, SE Carbone, C Rowcliffe, JM Whittington, J Brodie, J Royle, JA Switalski, A Clevenger, AP Heim, N Rich, LN AF Steenweg, Robin Hebblewhite, Mark Kays, Roland Ahumada, Jorge Fisher, Jason T. Burton, Cole Townsend, Susan E. Carbone, Chris Rowcliffe, J. Marcus Whittington, Jesse Brodie, Jedediah Royle, J. Andrew Switalski, Adam Clevenger, Anthony P. Heim, Nicole Rich, Lindsey N. TI Scaling-up camera traps: monitoring the planet's biodiversity with networks of remote sensors SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; FOREST MAMMALS; GRIZZLY BEARS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; PROGRAM; DENSITY; PERSISTENCE; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE AB Countries committed to implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity's 2011-2020 strategic plan need effective tools to monitor global trends in biodiversity. Remote cameras are a rapidly growing technology that has great potential to transform global monitoring for terrestrial biodiversity and can be an important contributor to the call for measuring Essential Biodiversity Variables. Recent advances in camera technology and methods enable researchers to estimate changes in abundance and distribution for entire communities of animals and to identify global drivers of biodiversity trends. We suggest that interconnected networks of remote cameras will soon monitor biodiversity at a global scale, help answer pressing ecological questions, and guide conservation policy. This global network will require greater collaboration among remote-camera studies and citizen scientists, including standardized metadata, shared protocols, and security measures to protect records about sensitive species. With modest investment in infrastructure, and continued innovation, synthesis, and collaboration, we envision a global network of remote cameras that not only provides real-time biodiversity data but also serves to connect people with nature. C1 [Steenweg, Robin; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kays, Roland] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kays, Roland] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ahumada, Jorge] Moore Ctr Sci, Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Fisher, Jason T.] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Fisher, Jason T.; Heim, Nicole] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Burton, Cole] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Burton, Cole] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Townsend, Susan E.] Wildlife Ecol & Consulting, Oakland, CA USA. [Carbone, Chris; Rowcliffe, J. Marcus] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England. [Whittington, Jesse] Banff Natl Pk Resource Conservat, Pk Canada, Banff, AB, Canada. [Brodie, Jedediah] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Switalski, Adam] InRoads Consulting LLC, Missoula, MT USA. [Clevenger, Anthony P.] Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rich, Lindsey N.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Hebblewhite, M (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mark.hebblewhite@umontana.edu FU University of Montana; Parks Canada; NASA [NNX11AO47G]; Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute; Panthera Inc; Yellowstone FX We thank W Turner and J Nichols for comments on previous drafts; the organizers of the 2014 Society for Conservation Biology conference in Missoula, MT, for providing a productive venue for this idea-sharing workshop on cameras and conservation; and C Reynolds for assistance with figures. Funding was provided by the University of Montana, Parks Canada, NASA grant NNX11AO47G to MH, Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, Panthera Inc, and Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1002/fee.1448 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OV UT WOS:000394671300015 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Sofaer, HR Sillett, TS Morrison, SA Ghalambor, CK AF Yoon, Jongmin Sofaer, Helen R. Sillett, T. Scott Morrison, Scott A. Ghalambor, Cameron K. TI The relationship between female brooding and male nestling provisioning: does climate underlie geographic variation in sex roles? SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE PARENTAL CARE; LIFE-HISTORIES; SNOW BUNTINGS; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; EASTERN KINGBIRD; PATERNAL CARE; HOUSE WRENS; TRADE-OFFS AB Comparative studies of populations occupying different environments can provide insights into the ecological conditions affecting differences in parental strategies, including the relative contributions of males and females. Male and female parental strategies reflect the interplay between ecological conditions, the contributions of the social mate, and the needs of offspring. Climate is expected to underlie geographic variation in incubation and brooding behavior, and can thereby affect both the absolute and relative contributions of each sex to other aspects of parental care such as offspring provisioning. However, geographic variation in brooding behavior has received much less attention than variation in incubation attentiveness or provisioning rates. We compared parental behavior during the nestling period in populations of orange-crowned warblers Oreothlypis celata near the northern (64 degrees N) and southern (33 degrees N) boundaries of the breeding range. In Alaska, we found that males were responsible for the majority of food delivery whereas the sexes contributed equally to provisioning in California. Higher male provisioning in Alaska appeared to facilitate a higher proportion of time females spent brooding the nestlings. Surprisingly, differences in brooding between populations could not be explained by variation in ambient temperature, which was similar between populations during the nestling period. While these results represent a single population contrast, they suggest additional hypotheses for the ecological correlates and evolutionary drivers of geographic variation in brooding behavior, and the factors that shape the contributions of each sex. C1 [Yoon, Jongmin; Sofaer, Helen R.; Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yoon, Jongmin] Korea Natl Univ Educ, Ecol Inst Oriental Stork, Cheongju, South Korea. [Sofaer, Helen R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, HRS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Yoon, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Yoon, J (reprint author), Korea Natl Univ Educ, Ecol Inst Oriental Stork, Cheongju, South Korea. EM migrate2u@gmail.com FU Nature Conservancy; Smithsonian Inst.; Colorado State Univ. FX This study was funded by The Nature Conservancy, the Smithsonian Inst., and Colorado State Univ. The Catalina Island Conservancy (CIC) generously provided affordable housing and vehicles. Frank Starkey and Carlos de la Rosa of the CIC provided logistical support, and many people helped with the fieldwork, especially Luke Caldwell, Brent Horton, Kathryn Langin, and Hannah Montag. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The present study involved marking individual warblers, mapping their territory boundaries, and video recording of breeding males and females at the nest. All research was conducted under ASAB/ABS guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Colorado State Univ. (08-342A-01) and the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park (04-26, 07-24). NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 2 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1111/jav.00890 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM6NY UT WOS:000395430600004 ER PT J AU Austin, JE O'Neil, ST Warren, JM AF Austin, Jane E. O'Neil, Shawn T. Warren, Jeffrey M. TI Habitat selection by postbreeding female diving ducks: influence of habitat attributes and conspecifics SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; LESSER SCAUP; SOCIAL INFORMATION; WING MOLT; BODY CONDITION; GROUP-SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; VIGILANCE; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY AB Habitat selection studies of postbreeding waterfowl have rarely focused on within-wetland attributes such as water depth, escape cover, and food availability. Flightless waterfowl must balance habitat selection between avoiding predation risks and feeding. Reproductively successful female ducks face the greatest challenges because they begin the definitive prebasic molt at or near the end of brood rearing, when their body condition is at a low point. We assessed the relative importance of habitat attributes and group effects in habitat selection by postbreeding female lesser scaup Aythya affinis on a 2332-ha montane wetland complex during the peak flightless period (August) over seven years. Hypothesis-based habitat attributes included percent open water, open water:emergent edge density, water depth, percent flooded bare substrate, fetch (distance wind can travel unobstructed), group size, and several interactions representing functional responses to interannual variation in water levels. Surveys of uniquely marked females were conducted within randomly ordered survey blocks. We fitted two-part generalized linear mixed-effects models to counts of marked females within survey blocks, which allowed us to relate habitat attributes to relative probability of occurrence and, given the presence of a marked female, abundance of marked individuals. Postbreeding female scaup selected areas with water depths > 40 cm, large open areas, and intermediate edge densities but showed no relation to flooded bare substrate, suggesting their habitat preferences were more influenced by avoiding predation risks and disturbances than in meeting foraging needs. Grouping behavior by postbreeding scaup suggests habitat selection is influenced in part by behavioral components and/or social information, conferring energetic and survival benefits (predation and disturbance risks) but potentially also contributing to competition for food resources. This study demonstrates the importance of incorporating group effects and interannual variability in habitat conditions when investigating habitat selection, particularly for seasons when waterfowl are aggregated. C1 [Austin, Jane E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. [O'Neil, Shawn T.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM jaustin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Michigan Technological Univ FX Funding for this research was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey. Analysis was supported in part by Michigan Technological Univ. We thank the staff of Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge and the many technicians and students who worked on this study - S. Bard, C. Bryant, K. Cutting, W. Goldenberg, A. Hassan, J. Karagicheva, A. Lawson, D. Messmer, K. Pokley, and A. Stetter. T. L. McDonald provided helpful responses to our inquiries and constructive comments on earlier drafts. W. Hohman provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. Capture, handling, and marking procedures were approved by Montana State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol no. 05-07) and appropriate federal (master banding permit no. 06226) and state (scientific collectors permit no. 2007-006) permits. All activities were performed in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (Public Law 99-198 and 9 CFR Parts 1, 2, and 3) and consistent with guidelines provided by the American Ornithologists' Union. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 2 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1111/jav.01063 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EM6NY UT WOS:000395430600012 ER PT J AU Buchinger, TJ Li, K Huertas, M Baker, CF Jia, L Hayes, MC Li, WM Johnson, NS AF Buchinger, Tyler J. Li, Ke Huertas, Mar Baker, Cindy F. Jia, Liang Hayes, Michael C. Li, Weiming Johnson, Nicholas S. TI Evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues in lampreys SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Petromyzontiformes; Species specificity; Chemical communication; Complex signals; Pheromone ID MALE SEA LAMPREY; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; PETROMYZON-MARINUS L.; MATE-CHOICE; BILE-ACIDS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; SPERM CHEMOTAXIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PHEROMONE; COMMUNICATION AB Animals rely on a mosaic of complex information to find and evaluate mates. Pheromones, often consisting of multiple components, are considered to be particularly important for species-recognition in many species. Although the evolution of species-specific pheromone blends is well described in many insects, very few vertebrate pheromones have been studied in a macro-evolutionary context. Here, we report a phylogenetic comparison of multi-component male odours that guide reproduction in lampreys. Chemical profiling of sexually mature males from eleven species of lamprey, representing six of ten genera and two of three families, indicated that the chemical profiles of sexually mature male odours are partially shared among species. Behavioural assays conducted with four species sympatric in the Laurentian Great Lakes indicated asymmetric female responses to heterospecific odours, where Petromyzon marinus were attracted to male odour collected from all species tested, but other species generally preferred only the odour of conspecifics. Electro-olfactogram recordings from P. marinus indicated that although P. marinus exhibited behavioural responses to odours from males of all species, at least some of the compounds that elicited olfactory responses were different in conspecific male odours compared with heterospecific male odours. We conclude that some of the compounds released by sexually mature males are shared among species and elicit olfactory and behavioural responses in P. marinus, and suggest that our results provide evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues among lampreys. Further characterization of the chemical identities of odour components is needed to confirm shared pheromones among species. C1 [Buchinger, Tyler J.; Li, Ke; Huertas, Mar; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Baker, Cindy F.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, POB 11-115, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand. [Jia, Liang] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries & Life Sci, Key Lab Aquacultural Resources & Utilizat, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Hayes, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov OI Johnson, Nicholas/0000-0002-7419-6013 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment [CO1X1002]; Shanghai Ocean University [A1-0209-13-0805]; Michigan State University Joint Research Centre Program [A1-0209-13-0805] FX Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment (contract CO1X1002), and Shanghai Ocean University and Michigan State University Joint Research Centre Program (A1-0209-13-0805). NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 220 IS 3 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1242/jeb.149807 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EK7IU UT WOS:000394100300027 PM 27885042 ER PT J AU Watts, DE Newsome, SD AF Watts, Dominique E. Newsome, Seth D. TI Exploitation of marine resources by wolves in southwestern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; diet; marine resources; stable isotopes; vibrissae; wolves ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON CARCASSES; WOLF-UNGULATE SYSTEMS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; CANIS-LUPUS; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; APPARENT COMPETITION; FORAGING STRATEGIES AB Predation by large carnivores is a dominant factor shaping wildlife communities and an understanding of local foraging strategies of predators is central to the management of wildlife populations. Information on local foraging strategies is particularly important where carnivores might exploit alternate resources that could influence predator-prey interactions, carnivore population dynamics, and a variety of interactions at lower trophic levels. We used carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) values in serially sampled wolf (Canis lupus) vibrissae to quantify relative resource use and dietary variation among wolves (n = 115) from 4 areas in southwestern Alaska that differed in the availability of terrestrial and marine resources. Mean vibrissae isotope values varied by similar to 8% for delta C-13 and similar to 12% for delta N-15 and showed high levels of spatial, seasonal, and individual variation. While results showed that ungulates were the principal prey for wolves in all 4 areas, wolves also exploited a variety of alternate marine resources that represented an important component of wolf diets in some areas. Estimated dietary contributions from marine resources ranged from 28% to 56% among areas and use of these resources varied both spatially and seasonally. Dietary variation and use of marine resources increased from northeast to southwest along the Alaska Peninsula with increasing access to coastal areas and decreasing ungulate abundance. Seasonal shifts in resource use were also evident with dietary variation being highest during summer and fall when wolves consumed more alternate resources than during winter. Our findings suggest that use of marine resources and local variation in foraging strategies of wolves might, through a variety of pathways, have broad implications for the management of wolf-ungulate communities in southwestern Alaska. C1 [Watts, Dominique E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuges, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall,MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Watts, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuges, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. EM dom_watts@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX We thank K. Blomberg, D. Boro, R. C. Jones, and E. Elliott Smith for their assistance with lab work; D. Cox and J. Wittkop for their assistance with field work; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for their logistical and financial support. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw153 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EP2SC UT WOS:000397232500008 ER PT J AU Roffler, GH Adams, LG Hebblewhite, M AF Roffler, Gretchen H. Adams, Layne G. Hebblewhite, Mark TI Summer habitat selection by Dall's sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine ungulate; Dall's sheep; habitat selection; Ovis; reproductive status; resource selection function; sexual segregation ID PREDATION-RISK-FACTORS; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; RESOURCE SELECTION; BIGHORN SHEEP; OVIS-DALLI; POPULATION-DENSITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ALPINE UNGULATE; TAILED DEER; SOAY SHEEP AB Sexual segregation occurs frequently in sexually dimorphic species, and it may be influenced by differential habitat requirements between sexes or by social or evolutionary mechanisms that maintain separation of sexes regardless of habitat selection. Understanding the degree of sex-specific habitat specialization is important for management of wildlife populations and the design of monitoring and research programs. Using mid-summer aerial survey data for Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in southern Alaska during 1983-2011, we assessed differences in summer habitat selection by sex and reproductive status at the landscape scale in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST). Males and females were highly segregated socially, as were females with and without young. Resource selection function (RSF) models containing rugged terrain, intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and open landcover types best explained resource selection by each sex, female reproductive classes, and all sheep combined. For male and all female models, most coefficients were similar, suggesting little difference in summer habitat selection between sexes at the landscape scale. A combined RSF model therefore may be used to predict the relative probability of resource selection by Dall's sheep in WRST regardless of sex or reproductive status. C1 [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Conservat, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Roffler, Gretchen H.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. RP Roffler, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Roffler, GH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Conservat, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; Roffler, GH (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. EM gretchen.roffler@alaska.gov FU United States Geological Survey; National Park Service; University of Montana FX This work was supported by funding from the United States Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the University of Montana. The National Park Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Conservation Division provided survey data and valuable insights. We especially thank J. Lawler, J. Putera, R. Schwanke, and M. Terwilliger. D. Gregovich, D. Gustine, J. Pearce, C. Bonenfant, and K. White provided constructive criticism of previous drafts of this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw135 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EP2SC UT WOS:000397232500011 ER PT J AU Hegermiller, CA Antolinez, JAA Rueda, A Camus, P Perez, J Erikson, LH Barnard, PL Mendez, FJ AF Hegermiller, C. A. Antolinez, J. A. A. Rueda, A. Camus, P. Perez, J. Erikson, L. H. Barnard, P. L. Mendez, F. J. TI A Multimodal Wave Spectrum-Based Approach for Statistical Downscaling of Local Wave Climate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; PROJECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; SCENARIOS; PATTERNS; EMULATOR; SWELL; MODEL AB Characterization of wave climate by bulk wave parameters is insufficient for many coastal studies, including those focused on assessing coastal hazards and long-term wave climate influences on coastal evolution. This issue is particularly relevant for studies using statistical downscaling of atmospheric fields to local wave conditions, which are often multimodal in large ocean basins (e.g., Pacific Ocean). Swell may be generated in vastly different wave generation regions, yielding complex wave spectra that are inadequately represented by a single set of bulk wave parameters. Furthermore, the relationship between atmospheric systems and local wave conditions is complicated by variations in arrival time of wave groups from different parts of the basin. Here, this study addresses these two challenges by improving upon the spatiotemporal definition of the atmospheric predictor used in the statistical downscaling of local wave climate. The improved methodology separates the local wave spectrum into ``wave families,'' defined by spectral peaks and discrete generation regions, and relates atmospheric conditions in distant regions of the ocean basin to local wave conditions by incorporating travel times computed from effective energy flux across the ocean basin. When applied to locations with multimodal wave spectra, including Southern California and Trujillo, Peru, the new methodology improves the ability of the statistical model to project significant wave height, peak period, and direction for each wave family, retaining more information from the full wave spectrum. This work is the base of statistical downscaling by weather types, which has recently been applied to coastal flooding and morphodynamic applications. C1 [Hegermiller, C. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hegermiller, C. A.; Erikson, L. H.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Antolinez, J. A. A.; Rueda, A.; Mendez, F. J.] Univ Cantabria, Dept Ciencias & Tecn Agua & Medio Ambiente, Santander, Spain. [Camus, P.; Perez, J.] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. RP Hegermiller, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Hegermiller, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM chegermiller@usgs.gov OI Perez, Jorge/0000-0003-3875-3748 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G15AC00426]; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [BIA2014-59643-R, BIA2015-70644-R]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship [BOE-A-2013-12235]; U.S. DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [RC-2644] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Grant/Cooperative Agreement G15AC00426. AR, JAAA, and FJM were supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad Grant BIA2014-59643-R. PC was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad Grant BIA2015-70644-R. JAAA was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte FPU (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) studentship BOE-A-2013-12235. Support was provided from the U.S. DOD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project RC-2644) through the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). CFSR atmospheric data are available online (at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/climate-forecastsystem-re analysis-cfsr). Reanalyses of ocean data are available for research purposes through IH Cantabria (contact ihdata@ihcantabria.com). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 47 IS 2 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0191.1 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EL3FP UT WOS:000394505300007 ER PT J AU Phelan, J Cuffney, T Patterson, L Eddy, M Dykes, R Pearsall, S Goudreau, C Mead, J Tarver, F AF Phelan, Jennifer Cuffney, Tom Patterson, Lauren Eddy, Michele Dykes, Robert Pearsall, Sam Goudreau, Chris Mead, Jim Tarver, Fred TI Fish and Invertebrate Flow-Biology Relationships to Support the Determination of Ecological Flows for North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE flow-biology; relationships; ecological flows; fish; invertebrates; watershed management; aquatic ecology ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; WATER WITHDRAWALS; ASSEMBLAGES; REGIMES; STREAM; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; FRAMEWORK AB A method was developed to characterize fish and invertebrate responses to flow alteration in the state of North Carolina. This method involved using 80th percentile linear quantile regressions to relate six flow metrics to the diversity of riffle-run fish and benthic Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness. All twelve flow-biology relationships were found to be significant, with both benthos and fish showing negative responses to ecodeficits and reductions in flow. The responses of benthic richness to reduced flows were consistent and generally greater than that of fish diversity. However, the riffle-run fish guild showed the greatest reductions in diversity in response to summer ecodeficits. The directional consistency and differential seasonal sensitivities of fish and invertebrates to reductions in flow highlight the need to consider seasonality when managing flows. In addition, all relationships were linear, and therefore do not provide clear thresholds to support ecological flow determinations and flow prescriptions to prevent the degradation of fish and invertebrate communities in North Carolina rivers and streams. A method of setting ecological flows based on the magnitude of change in biological condition that is acceptable to society is explored. C1 [Phelan, Jennifer; Eddy, Michele; Dykes, Robert] RTI Int, Water & Ecosystem Management Ctr, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cuffney, Tom] US Geol Survey, South Atlant Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Patterson, Lauren] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Water Policy Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pearsall, Sam] Environm Def Fund, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Goudreau, Chris] NC Wildlife Resources Commiss, Marion, NC 28752 USA. [Mead, Jim; Tarver, Fred] NC Dept Environm Qual, Div Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Phelan, J (reprint author), RTI Int, Water & Ecosystem Management Ctr, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jenphelan@rti.org NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12497 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EL7CP UT WOS:000394779000004 ER PT J AU Groff, LA Loftin, CS Calhoun, AJK AF Groff, Luke A. Loftin, Cynthia S. Calhoun, Aram J. K. TI Predictors of breeding site occupancy by amphibians in montane landscapes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma maculatum; buffer; habitat; Lithobates sylvaticus; Maine; mountain; spotted salamander; wood frog ID FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; SPATIAL SCALE; WOOD FROGS; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS AB Ecological relationships and processes vary across species' geographic distributions, life stages and spatial, and temporal scales. Montane landscapes are characterized by low wetland densities, rugged topographies, and cold climates. Consequently, aquatic-dependent and low-vagility ectothermic species (e.g., pool-breeding amphibians) may exhibit unique ecological associations in montane landscapes. We evaluated the relative importance of breeding- and landscape-scale features associated with spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) wetland occupancy in Maine's Upper Montane-Alpine Zone ecoregion, and we determined whether models performed better when the inclusive landscape-scale covariates were estimated with topography-weighted or circular buffers. We surveyed 135 potential breeding sites during May 2013-June 2014 and evaluated environmental relationships with multi-season implicit dynamics occupancy models. Breeding site occupancy by both species was influenced solely by breeding-scale habitat features. Spotted salamander occupancy probabilities increased with previous or current beaver (Castor canadensis) presence, and models generally were better supported when the inclusive landscape-scale covariates were estimated with topography-weighted rather than circular buffers. Wood frog occupancy probabilities increased with site area and percent shallows, but neither buffer type was better supported than the other. Model rank order and support varied between buffer types, but model inferences did not. Our results suggest pool-breeding amphibian conservation in montane Maine include measures to maintain beaver populations and large wetlands with proportionally large areas of shallows 1-m deep. Inconsistencies between our study and previous studies substantiate the value of region-specific research for augmenting species' conservation management plans and suggest the application of out-of-region inferences may promote ineffective conservation. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. Pool-breeding amphibian conservation in montane Maine may benefit from the maintenance of beaver populations and large wetlands with proportionally large areas of shallows 1m deep. C1 [Groff, Luke A.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Groff, LA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM lukegroff@gmail.com FU Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative; National Science Foundation [EPS-0904155]; U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology at the University of Maine FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. We thank B. R. Hossack for analytical advice and L. J. Hecker, J. R. Armstrong, and T. P. Hastings for assisting with fieldwork. The manuscript was improved with reviews by Z. G. Loman, B. R. Hossack, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative, supported by National Science Foundation award EPS-0904155 to the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research at the University of Maine; the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology at the University of Maine. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station publication no. 3503. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 81 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21184 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EL4NA UT WOS:000394596700009 ER PT J AU Collins, GH Kasbohm, JW AF Collins, Gail H. Kasbohm, John W. TI Population dynamics and fertility control of feral horses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Equus caballus; feral horse; fertility control; foaling; ovariectomy; population dynamics; vasectomy ID FREE-ROAMING HORSES; GREAT-BASIN; EQUUS-CABALLUS; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; WILDLIFE; RATES; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; GUIDELINES; RESPONSES AB The management of free-roaming, feral horse (Equus caballus) populations in the western United States is a contentious and challenging issue. Between 2008 and 2014, 1,873 individual horses from a closed population in the northern Great Basin, USA were captured, uniquely marked, and were either removed for private adoption or had permanent fertility control treatments (i.e., vasectomy or ovariectomy) applied prior to release. We derived the annual population size, growth rate, and the number of horses by sex and age by using the horse's estimated age at first capture to infer its age during each year it was part of the population. Estimates of population size from 2 aerial survey techniques averaged within 5.3%-9.6% of derived population estimates. The overall survival (i.e., recapture) rate for individual horses was 88% for individuals released back into the population between 2009 and 2012. Treated horses maintained group associations and there were no differences between survival rates for released females or males that received fertility control treatment, compared to animals released without treatment. The application of combined fertility control efforts resulted in a decline in the population-level annual foaling rate from >20% to <4% within 4 years. Maintaining a proportion of a population as permanently non-reproducing has the potential to safely maintain free-roaming horse herds at desired management levels. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. We evaluated the effectiveness of 2 permanent sterilization techniques used to control population growth in feral horses. These fertility control efforts resulted in a decline in the population-level foaling rate and demonstrated that maintaining a proportion of a population as permanently non-reproducing has the potential to safely maintain free-roaming horse herds at desired management levels. C1 [Collins, Gail H.; Kasbohm, John W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Collins, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. EM gail_collins@fws.gov FU Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Greater Hart-Sheldon Conservation Fund; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Bureau of Land Management provided support for a portion of the aerial surveys. Cattoor's Livestock Roundup provided helicopter gather and transportation services. JL Aviation, Owyhee Air Research, El Aero Services, and Sunstone Aviation provided aerial survey services. Aerial surveys were assisted by J. D. Axtell, B. H. Day, J. Fox, P. C. Griffin, R. Knox, S. P. Ludwig, K. Lopez, C. O'Connor, J. Parsons, J. W. Price, S. Soletti, S. Surian, and A. Whitman. L. G. Pielstick provided veterinary services and J. M. Weikel provided program review and animal welfare oversight. We thank B. H. Day, P. F. Steblein, D. F. Miller, S. P. Ludwig, R. L. West, G. Albertson, A. P. Collins, G. Eckel, J. Elizararras, K. Lopez, J. NMN. Mackay, J. Megan, M. Nagel, R. Portwood, M. Solus, K. A. Trust, M. R. Webster, J. Wehrley, and numerous others for invaluable project support. Additional support was provided by Nevada Bighorns Unlimited and The Greater Hart-Sheldon Conservation Fund. A. B. Shepherd provided information on the Bureau of Land Management's Wild Horse and Burro Program. Comments by P. C. Griffin and A. B. Shepherd improved early drafts of the manuscript. We appreciate the critical insights of the editors and reviewers. This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 81 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21196 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EL4NA UT WOS:000394596700011 ER PT J AU Jones, CD Stodola, KW Coombs, J Ward, MP Cooper, RJ AF Jones, Clark D. Stodola, Kirk W. Coombs, Jason Ward, Michael P. Cooper, Robert J. TI Responses of Bachman's sparrows and prairie warblers to fragmentation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bachman's sparrow; fragmentation; landscape permeability; longleaf pine; Peucaea aestivalis; pine savanna; prairie warbler; Setophaga discolor; translocation experiment ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLOCATIONS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; BIRD COMMUNITIES; URBAN LANDSCAPE; STEPPING-STONES; HOME-RANGE; LAND-USE; CONSEQUENCES AB Fragmentation of a species' habitat and the loss of habitat-patch connectivity have been a major factor in the decline of many species. Increased risks (e.g., predation, parasitism) that threaten population persistence are associated with the loss and fragmentation of large blocks of contiguous habitat for a species. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern United States have experienced high rates of fragmentation and loss of connectivity. Consequently, they are home to many federally endangered and declining species across a wide variety of taxa. We examined the effects of fragmentation of pine savannas in southern Georgia for Bachman's sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis) and prairie warblers (Setophaga discolor) using translocation experiments and radio-telemetry (Bachman's sparrows only). Bachman's sparrows, a pine savanna specialist, showed lower probability of return within 48hours when confronted with pine savannas fragmented by open fields, whereas prairie warblers were less sensitive to this type of landscape. Results from radio-telemetry indicated that Bachman's sparrows avoided open agricultural fields on their return paths and primarily used pine savanna edges instead. Efforts to reduce fragmentation of existing pine savannas in the Southeast will likely benefit vegetation specialists such as Bachman's sparrow but be of lesser benefit to vegetation generalists such as prairie warbler. (c) 2017 The Wildlife Society. We examined the effects of fragmentation of pine savannas in southern Georgia on movements of Bachman's sparrows and prairie warblers using translocation experiments and radio-telemetry. Bachman's sparrows were more sensitive to the effects of fragmentation than prairie warblers and we emphasize the importance of incorporating proximity to existing pine patches into restoration strategies for pine savannas in the southeastern United States. C1 [Jones, Clark D.; Coombs, Jason; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stodola, Kirk W.; Ward, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61810 USA. [Jones, Clark D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 45825 State Highway 96 E, Pueblo, CO 81006 USA. RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Jones, CD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 45825 State Highway 96 E, Pueblo, CO 81006 USA. EM jones.clark.d@gmail.com FU Georgia Ornithological Society FX Fort Benning land management staff provided logistical support throughout this project, especially B. Widener. We also thank the technicians and volunteers who assisted with this project including L. Loke, D. Shaw, and A. J. Lehmicke. We thank the Georgia Ornithological Society for funding this project. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 81 IS 2 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21195 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EL4NA UT WOS:000394596700017 ER PT J AU Edwards, KJ Fyfe, RM Jackson, ST AF Edwards, Kevin J. Fyfe, Ralph M. Jackson, Stephen T. TI The first 100 years of pollen analysis SO NATURE PLANTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST COMPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; VEGETATION; QUATERNARY; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; CONSERVATION; RECORDS; EUROPE C1 [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geog & Environm, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland. [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Archaeol, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland. [Fyfe, Ralph M.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Edwards, KJ (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geog & Environm, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland.; Edwards, KJ (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Archaeol, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB25 3UF, Scotland. EM kevin.edwards@abdn.ac.uk; ralph.fyfe@plymouth.ac.uk; stjackson@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 J9 NAT PLANTS JI Nat. Plants PD FEB PY 2017 VL 3 IS 2 AR 17001 DI 10.1038/nplants.2017.1 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EN3HV UT WOS:000395900500010 ER PT J AU Alpert, AE Cohen, AL Oppo, DW DeCarlo, TM Gaetani, GA Hernandez-Delgado, EA Winter, A Gonneea, ME AF Alpert, Alice E. Cohen, Anne L. Oppo, Delia W. DeCarlo, Thomas M. Gaetani, Glenn A. Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A. Winter, Amos Gonneea, Meagan E. TI Twentieth century warming of the tropical Atlantic captured by Sr-U paleothermometry SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OTOLITH REFERENCE MATERIAL; TRACE-ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; PORITES CORALS; SR/CA RECORDS; ICP-MS; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; CALCIUM RATIOS AB Coral skeletons are valuable archives of past ocean conditions. However, interpretation of coral paleotemperature records is confounded by uncertainties associated with single-element ratio thermometers, including Sr/Ca. A new approach, Sr-U, uses U/Ca to constrain the influence of Rayleigh fractionation on Sr/Ca. Here we build on the initial Pacific Porites Sr-U calibration to include multiple Atlantic and Pacific coral genera from multiple coral reef locations spanning a temperature range of 23.15-30.12 degrees C. Accounting for the wintertime growth cessation of one Bermuda coral, we show that Sr-U is strongly correlated with the average water temperature at each location (r(2) = 0.91, P < 0.001, n = 19). We applied the multispecies spatial calibration between Sr-U and temperature to reconstruct a 96 year long temperature record at Mona Island, Puerto Rico, using a coral not included in the calibration. Average Sr-U derived temperature for the period 1900-1996 is within 0.12 degrees C of the average instrumental temperature at this site and captures the twentieth century warming trend of 0.06 degrees C per decade. Sr-U also captures the timing of multiyear variability but with higher amplitude than implied by the instrumental data. Mean Sr-U temperatures and patterns of multiyear variability were replicated in a second coral in the same grid box. Conversely, Sr/Ca records from the same two corals were inconsistent with each other and failed to capture absolute sea temperatures, timing of multiyear variability, or the twentieth century warming trend. Our results suggest that coral Sr-U paleothermometry is a promising new tool for reconstruction of past ocean temperatures. C1 [Alpert, Alice E.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.] MIT Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.; Gaetani, Glenn A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Appl Trop Ecol & Conservat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Soc Ambiente Marino, San Juan, PR USA. [Winter, Amos] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Winter, Amos] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Gonneea, Meagan E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Alpert, AE (reprint author), MIT Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog, Cambridge, MA USA.; Cohen, AL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aalpert@whoi.edu; acohen@whoi.edu OI Gaetani, Glenn/0000-0002-6026-2534 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowships [NSF-OCE-1338320, NSF-OCE-1031971, NSF-OCE-0926986] FX We owe much gratitude to George (Pat) Lohmann (WHOI) for his leadership on our Caribbean field operations, Kathryn Pietro (WHOI) for field and laboratory assistance, and Gretchen Swarr (WHOI) for long hours spent assisting on the ICPMS. The entire crew of Seadragon and Emily Penn and Ron Ritter of Pangaea Exploration was critical to our successful Caribbean cruise. Alex E. Mercado-Molina (UPR, SAM), Samuel E. Suleiman-Ramos (UPR, SAM), Pedro J. Alejandro Camis (SAM), and Alfredo Montanez (SAM) and the entire crew of Tourmarine provided critical support in collecting the Mona coral and deploying and recovering temperature loggers at Mona Island. Ann Tarrant (WHOI) and Richard Camilli (WHOI) collected corals in Panama and Roy Armstrong (UPR) provided the Mayaguez Bay coral. Jesus Pineda (WHOI) inspired the Panama cruise and provided temperature logger data from his field sites there. Mark Vermeij of Carmabi, Curacao, graciously assisted our Curacao field plans and permitting and provided temperature logger data from this site. We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their dedication to the protection of corals, for their continued support in our efforts to collect our coral samples lawfully and with the utmost care, and for their assistance with the coral import and permitting process. This study was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowships to A.A and T.M.D., NSF-OCE-1338320 to G.A.G and A.L.C., NSF-OCE-1031971 to A.L.C., NSF-OCE-0926986 to A.L.C and D.W.O., WHOI Access to the Sea 27500056, NSF HRD 0734826, and UPR Central Administration to EAHD through the Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation of UPR. The authors declare no competing financial interest. All coral geochemical and growth data are archived at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in the article are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 DI 10.1002/2016PA002976 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA EO6WG UT WOS:000396832600005 ER PT J AU Wiggers, MS Hiers, JK Barnett, A Boyd, RS Kirkman, LK AF Wiggers, M. Scott Hiers, J. Kevin Barnett, Analie Boyd, Robert S. Kirkman, L. Katherine TI Seed heat tolerance and germination of six legume species native to a fire-prone longleaf pine forest SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fabaceae; Hard seed coat; Heat-stimulated germination; Longleaf pine ecosystem; Seed dormancy; Seed survival ID HARDWOOD REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; FINE-SCALE VARIATION; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; PALUSTRIS ECOSYSTEMS; POSTFIRE GERMINATION; VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; SOIL; PATTERNS; SAVANNA; VEGETATION AB Recognition of spatial heterogeneity of fire at fine scales is emerging, particularly in ecosystems characterized by frequent, low-intensity fire regimes. Differences in heat flux associated with variation in fuel and moisture conditions create microsites that affect survivorship and establishment of species. We studied the mechanisms by which fire affects seed germination using exposure of seeds to fire surrogates (moist and dry heat). Tolerance (survival) and germination responses of six perennial, herbaceous legume species common to the fire-prone longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem of the southeastern USA were examined the following heat treatments. Moist heat was more effective in stimulating germination than dry heat flux for most species examined. We also compared intrinsic seed properties (relative seed coat hardness, percent moisture, and seed mass) among species relative to their heat tolerance and heat-stimulated germination responses. Seed coat hardness was closely associated with the probability of dry and moist heat-stimulated germination. Variation among species in optimal germination conditions and degree of heat tolerance likely reflects selection for specific microsites among a potentially diverse suite of conditions associated with a low-intensity fire regime. Fire-stimulated germination, coupled with characteristics of seed dormancy and longevity in the soil, likely fosters favorable recruitment opportunities in restoration situations aimed at reintroducing a frequently prescribed burn regime to a relict longleaf pine site. In a restoration context in which externally available seed pool inputs are limited, this regenerative mechanism may provide a significant source of recruitment for vegetative recovery in a post-fire landscape. C1 [Wiggers, M. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mississippi Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Barnett, Analie] Nature Conservancy, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Boyd, Robert S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kirkman, L. Katherine] JW Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. RP Wiggers, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mississippi Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. EM marion_wiggers@fws.gov FU Auburn University's Department of Biological Sciences; J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center FX We thank the staff and students of Auburn University and Ichauway for advice, technical expertise, and data collection assistance, including D. Gjerstad, L. Cox, L. Camfield, J. McGee, and J. Stern, S. Stuber. M. Kaeser and L. Giencke provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable insight and comments on this and an earlier draft manuscript. Auburn University's Department of Biological Sciences and J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center provided funding and logistical assistance throughout the project. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 218 IS 2 BP 151 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s11258-016-0674-x PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA EL9XL UT WOS:000394973300006 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Farnsworth, KL AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Farnsworth, Katherine L. TI Coastal river plumes: Collisions and coalescence SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE River plume; Buoyant plume; Plume collision; Geophysical scaling ID LONG-TERM CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STORMWATER RUNOFF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GRAVITY CURRENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; OCEAN; BUOYANT; SEDIMENT AB Plumes of buoyant river water spread in the ocean from river mouths, and these plumes influence water quality, sediment dispersal, primary productivity, and circulation along the world's coasts. Most investigations of river plumes have focused on large rivers in a coastal region, for which the physical spreading of the plume is assumed to be independent from the influence of other buoyant plumes. Here we provide new understanding of the spreading patterns of multiple plumes interacting along simplified coastal settings by investigating: (i) the relative likelihood of plume-to-plume interactions at different settings using geophysical scaling, (ii) the diversity of plume frontal collision types and the effects of these collisions on spreading patterns of plume waters using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, and (iii) the fundamental differences in plume spreading patterns between coasts with single and multiple rivers using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Geophysical scaling suggests that coastal margins with numerous small rivers (watershed areas < 10,000 km(2)), such as found along most active geologic coastal margins, were much more likely to have river plumes that collide and interact than coastal settings with large rivers (watershed areas > 100,000 km(2)). When two plume fronts meet, several types of collision attributes were found, including refection, subduction and occlusion. We found that the relative differences in pre-collision plume densities and thicknesses strongly influenced the resulting collision types. The three-dimensional spreading of buoyant plumes was found to be influenced by the presence of additional rivers for all modeled scenarios, including those with and without Coriolis and wind. Combined, these results suggest that plume-to-plume interactions are common phenomena for coastal regions offshore of the world's smaller rivers and for coastal settings with multiple river mouths in close proximity, and that the spreading and fate of river waters in these settings will be strongly influenced by these interactions. We conclude that new investigations are needed to characterize how plumes interact offshore of river mouths to better understand the transport and fate of terrestrial sources of pollution, nutrients and other materials in the ocean. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Farnsworth, Katherine L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 151 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.11.008 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM9CX UT WOS:000395609900016 ER PT J AU Olea, RA AF Olea, Ricardo A. TI Resampling of spatially correlated data with preferential sampling for the estimation of frequency distributions and semivariograms SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Geostatistics; Population; Cluster; Declustering; Bias ID DECLUSTERING WEIGHTS; SOIL PROPERTIES; VARIOGRAMS; HISTOGRAM; INFERENCE AB Spatial data are commonly minimal and may have been collected in the process of confirming the profitability of a mining venture or investigating a contaminated site. In such situations, it is common to have measurements preferentially taken in the most critical areas (sweet spots, allegedly contaminated areas), thus conditionally biasing the sample. While preferential sampling makes good practical sense, its direct use leads to distorted sample moments and percentiles. Spatial clusters are a problem that has been identified in the past and solved with approaches ranging from ad hoc solutions to highly elaborate mathematical formulations, covering mostly the effect of clustering on the cumulative frequency distribution. The method proposed here is a form of resample, free of special assumptions, does not use weights to ponder the measurements, does not find solutions by successive approximation and provides variability in the results. The new method is illustrated with a synthetic dataset with an exponential semivariogram and purposely generated to follow a lognormal distribution. The lognormal distribution is both difficult to work with and typical of many attributes of practical interest. Testing of the new solution shows that sample subsets derived from resampled datasets can closely approximate the true probability distribution and the semivariogram, clearly outperforming the original preferentially sampled data. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s00477-016-1289-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA EM3ER UT WOS:000395197800015 ER PT J AU Bushon, RN Brady, AMG Christensen, ED Stelzer, EA AF Bushon, Rebecca N. Brady, Amie M. G. Christensen, Eric D. Stelzer, Erin A. TI Multi-Year Microbial Source Tracking Study Characterizing Fecal Contamination in an Urban Watershed SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; Bacteroides; E. coli; urban watershed; TMDL; stormwater runoff ID REAL-TIME PCR; STORMWATER RUNOFF; QUALITY; POLLUTION; INDICATORS; ASSAYS AB Microbiological and hydrological data were used to rank tributary stream contributions of bacteria to the Little Blue River in Independence, Missouri. Concentrations, loadings and yields of E. coli and microbial source tracking (MST) markers, were characterized during base flow and storm events in five subbasins within Independence, as well as sources entering and leaving the city through the river. The E. coli water quality threshold was exceeded in 29% of base-flow and 89% of storm-event samples. The total contribution of E. coli and MST markers from tributaries within Independence to the Little Blue River, regardless of streamflow, did not significantly increase the median concentrations leaving the city. Daily loads and yields of E. coli and MST markers were used to rank the subbasins according to their contribution of each constituent to the river. The ranking methodology used in this study may prove useful in prioritizing remediation in the different subbasins. C1 [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Brady, Amie M. G.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6460 Busch Blvd,Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Christensen, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, 401 NW Capital Dr, Lees Summit, MO 64086 USA. RP Bushon, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6460 Busch Blvd,Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM RNBushon@usgs.gov FU City of Independence, Missouri Water Pollution Control Department; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX This project was funded by the City of Independence, Missouri Water Pollution Control Department and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. The authors would like to acknowledge Dick Champion (Director) and Dorris Bender (retired Environmental Compliance Manager) from the City of Independence Water Pollution Control Department. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 89 IS 2 BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.2175/106143016X14798353399412 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EP3KI UT WOS:000397280800004 PM 28160781 ER PT J AU Simons, TR AF Simons, Theodore R. TI The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Working Group: 15 Years of Collaborative Focal Species Research and Management SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; demographic model; Haematopus palliatus; Working Group ID ABUNDANCE; MARYLAND AB The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Working Group formed spontaneously in 2001 as coastal waterbird biologists recognized the potential for American Oystercatchers to serve as focal species for collaborative research and management. Accomplishments over the past 15 years include the establishment of rangewide surveys, color-banding protocols, mark-resight studies, a revision of the Birds of North America species account, and new mechanisms for sharing ideas and data. Collaborations among State, Federal, and private sector scientists, natural resource managers, and dedicated volunteers have provided insights into the biology and conservation of American Oystercatchers in the United States and abroad that would not have been possible without the relationships formed through the Working Group. These accomplishments illustrate how broad collaborative approaches and the engagement of the public are key elements of effective shorebird conservation programs. C1 [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The American Oystercatcher Working Group is composed of over 30 institutions and organizations including Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program, City University of New York, Clemson University, College of William and Mary, Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Gulf Coast Bird Observatory, Louisiana Audubon, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Massachusetts Audubon, Massachusetts Division of Fish and Wildlife, National Audubon Society, National Park Service, New Jersey Audubon, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, New York City Audubon, New York City Parks and Recreation, North Carolina Audubon, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Rutgers University, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Texas A&M University, Texas State University, The Nature Conservancy, Trent University, University of Georgia, University of Houston, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the Wildlife Conservation Society. I also thank M. Bailey, R. Boettcher, J. Brush, E. Clark, R. De May, S. Egger, S. Elbin, S. Felton, S. Heath, N. Hostetter, E. Johnson, T. Keyes, D. LeBlanc, S. Melvin, C. Mostello, T. Pover, F. Sanders, S. Schulte, S. Schweitzer, S. Sinkevitch, S. Stanley, R. Valeton and A. Wilke for their individual contributions to this summary and symposium planning. Lindsay Addison, Amanda Anderson, Tim Keyes, Mark Spinks, Carissa Smith, Alex Wilke, Edie Ray, Neil Foley, and Jon Altman provided band resights in the United States and Orlando Jarquin, Martin Vallecillo, Luis Enrique Benitez Ordufia, Karla Rodriguez Lopez, John van Dort, Esdras Lopez Mejia, Roselvy Juarez, Rolland Denham, Chris Magero, Dane Paijmans, Colin Jackson, and Robert Lambeck provided resights in Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. I thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, especially Leo Miranda, Bryan Arroyo, and Scott Johnson, for funding to support the travel of international colleagues and publication of this Special Publication. Program R code for the projection matrix is available from the author. All bird trapping and banding activities are conducted under the guidelines and permission of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100001 ER PT J AU Stocking, JJ Simons, TR Parsons, AW O'Connell, AF AF Stocking, Jessica J. Simons, Theodore R. Parsons, Arielle W. O'Connell, Allan F., Jr. TI Managing Native Predators: Evidence from a Partial Removal of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; barrier island; daily nest survival; Haenzatopus palliatus; predator removal; Procyon lotor; raccoon; reproductive success ID OYSTERCATCHERS HAEMATOPUS-PALLIATUS; AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BIRD POPULATIONS; ISLAND; CONSERVATION; BEHAVIOR; SEA AB Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are important predators of ground-nesting species in coastal systems. They have been identified as a primary cause of nest failure for the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) throughout its range. Concerns over the long-term effects of raccoon predation and increased nest success following a hurricane inspired a mark-resight study of the raccoon population on a barrier island off North Carolina, USA. Approximately half of the raccoons were experimentally removed in 2008. Nests (n = 700) were monitored on two adjacent barrier islands during 2004-2013. Daily nest survival estimates were highest for 2004 (0.974 +/- 0.005) and lowest for 2007 and 2008 (0.925 +/- 0.009 and 0.925 +/- 0.010, respectively). The only model in our candidate set that received any support included island and time of season, along with a diminishing effect of the hurricane and a constant, 5-year effect of the raccoon removal. For both hurricane and raccoon removal, however, the support for island-specific effects was weak beta = -0.20 +/- 40.116 and 0.146 +/- 0.349, respectively). We conclude that either the raccoon reduction was inadequate, or factors other than predation cause more variation in nest success than previously recognized. A multi-faceted approach to management aimed at reducing nest losses to storm overwash, predation, and human disturbance is likely to yield the largest population level benefits. C1 [Stocking, Jessica J.; Parsons, Arielle W.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stocking, JJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jessica.stocking@gmail.com FU Cape Lookout National Seashore; North Carolina Audubon; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina Audubon and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for logistic and funding support. Pamela Denmon and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on previous drafts of the manuscript. A. Lawrence, K. Caldwell, C. Coxen and K. Obernuefemann provided hours of field assistance. Permits for various phases of this research were provided by the North Carolina State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocols AVAU-07-012-0 and 15-016-0) and the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab (Permit 21928). All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Full model selection results are available upon request from the senior author. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100002 ER PT J AU Loring, PH Griffin, CR Sievert, PR Spiegel, CS AF Loring, Pamela H. Griffin, Curtice R. Sievert, Paul R. Spiegel, Caleb S. TI Comparing Satellite and Digital Radio Telemetry to Estimate Space and Habitat Use of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in Massachusetts, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; automated radio telemetry; breeding; digital VHF telemetry; Haematopus palliatus; home range; PIT; satellite telemetry ID HOME-RANGE; TRACKING; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; TECHNOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; STOPOVER; FLIGHTS; SYSTEM AB The use of digital VHF telemetry is expanding as a lightweight alternative to satellite-based technologies for tracking bird movements, though few studies have compared how they perform. During 2013, satellite telemetry and digital VHF telemetry were compared for estimating the length of stay and home ranges of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) on their breeding grounds in Massachusetts; USA. American Oystercatchers (n = 5) were captured at their nest sites and tagged with a 9.5-g solar-powered satellite transmitter and a 1.0-g digitally coded VHF transmitter, and tracked using the Argos satellite system, an array of eight automated radio telemetry stations, and periodic land-based and aerial telemetry surveys. Estimates of mean minimum length of stay in the study area were slightly longer for satellite telemetry at 118 +/- 12 days vs. digital VHF telemetry at 108 11 days. Size estimates of mean (SE) fixed kernel 95% utilization distributions were similar for satellite telemetry (22.53 +/- 16.87 km(2)) and VHF telemetry (27.27 +/- 21.58 km(2)). Despite a small sample size, digital VHF telemetry, when combined with automated radio telemetry stations and telemetry surveys, performed similarly to satellite telemetry for estimating timing and home range size of shorebirds on their breeding grounds. C1 [Loring, Pamela H.; Griffin, Curtice R.; Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Loring, Pamela H.; Spiegel, Caleb S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Loring, PH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.; Loring, PH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM ploring@eco.umass.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M13PG00012]; U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds, Northeast Region; National Science Foundation IGERT Offshore Wind Energy Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, through Interagency Agreement M13PG00012 with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. This work was also funded in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds, Northeast Region; and the National Science Foundation IGERT Offshore Wind Energy Program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. We also thank the staff at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Nantucket Conservation Foundation, Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Nantucket Islands Land Bank, and UMass Boston Nantucket Field Station for providing field and logistical support. Cape Wind Avian Pre-Construction Monitoring Program provided supplemental aerial survey data. Shearwater Excursions and HyLine Cruises provided boat support. P. Taylor and J. Brzustowski of Acadia University and Stuart Mackenzie of Bird Studies Canada provided technical support and coordination with digital radio telemetry data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. American Oystercatchers were tagged under Federal Bird Banding Permit 23140 and Massachusetts State Scientific Collecting Permit 022.13BB. This research was conducted under the approval of the University of Massachusetts Amherst Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 2013-0024). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100003 ER PT J AU Murphy, SP Virzi, T Sanders, F AF Murphy, Sean P. Virzi, Thomas Sanders, Felicia TI Exploring Differences in Adult Survival and Site Fidelity of Migratory and Non-migratory American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Populations SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; Barker model; Haematopus palliatus; migratory connectivity; migratory strategies; partial migration; site fidelity; survival ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; PIPING PLOVERS; RECAPTURE; BIRDS; STRATEGIES; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; BENEFITS; BEHAVIOR AB The conservation of a species is reliant on identifying threats to critical vital rates such as survival and dispersal. Accurate estimates of these vital rates and the factors that affect them can be used to better manage populations. The USA Atlantic Coast population of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) benefits from a large-scale conservation effort, but this long-lived species remains especially sensitive to fluctuations in adult survival. The model used here and 8 years of mark-resight data from three breeding populations with varying migration strategies from the United States (migratory: Massachusetts and New Jersey; non-migratory: South Carolina) were used to estimate adult survival and site fidelity. Results indicated a resident population in South Carolina with 100% of the breeding population wintering in that State, a migratory population in Massachusetts with the majority of individuals wintering in Florida (42%), and a partially migratory population in New Jersey with a portion of the breeding population overwintering in that State (33%). Annual adult survival did not vary among populations. Although the average estimate of adult survival was high (0.89), there was an apparent decline in adult survival (from 0.94 to 0.83) over the study period. Given strong site fidelity (0.91), adult mortality is a critical factor for the viability of local populations. C1 [Murphy, Sean P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Virzi, Thomas] Ecostudies Inst, POB 735, East Olympia, WA 98540 USA. [Sanders, Felicia] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 220 Santee Gun Club Rd, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Murphy, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM smurphy@usgs.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; College of Staten Island; Tuckernuck Land Trust; Nantucket Conservation Foundation; Trustees of Reservations; Maria Mitchell Association; Massachusetts Audubon Society; Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge; Nuttall Ornithological Society; Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative FX We would like to thank all of the members of the American Oystercatcher Working Group for their support and coordination, especially Ted Simons for his leadership and mentoring. We would also like to thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for their contribution toward advancing American Oystercatcher conservation and for funding research efforts. Ted Simons and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. We thank all of the birders and citizen scientists who helped collect incidental band resighting data over the years, and we would like to acknowledge Pat and Doris Leary for all of their invaluable resighting efforts in Florida. In New Jersey, we thank Todd Foyer, Larry Niles, Julie Lockwood, Rick Lathrop, Jim Trimble, John Bognar and staff at the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife and Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge for all of their support. In South Carolina, we thank Mark Spinks, Janet Thibault, Sam Collins, Christy Hand, Mary-Catherine Martin, Nick Wallover and other South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, and Clemson University staff who assisted with banding and resighting. Thank you Patrick Jodice at South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson University for guiding graduate students working on oystercatchers. In Massachusetts, we thank Richard Veit for project development and mentoring; Edith Ray, Timothy White, Stephen Brown, and Shiloh Schulte for all of their support; and the College of Staten Island, Tuckernuck Land Trust, Nantucket Conservation Foundation, The Trustees of Reservations, Maria Mitchell Association, Massachusetts Audubon Society, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Nuttall Ornithological Society, and the Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative for financial support and assistance. Work was completed under the authorization of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory under Federal Master Permits #22795, #22803, and #06658, New Jersey permit SC-2012061, and IACUC protocols #CSI-13-006 and #2009-0002-00. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 32 EP 43 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100004 ER PT J AU Felton, SK Hostetter, NJ Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Felton, Shilo K. Hostetter, Nathan J. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI Managing American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Population Growth by Targeting Nesting Season Vital Rates SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; component vital rates; Haematopus palliatus; population viability; stage-based matrix model ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTH-CAROLINA; RESTORATION; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB In populations of long-lived species, adult survival typically has a relatively high influence on population growth. From a management perspective, however, adult survival can be difficult to increase in some instances, so other component rates must be considered to reverse population declines. In North Carolina, USA, management to conserve the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) targets component vital rates related to fecundity, specifically nest and chick survival. The effectiveness of such a management approach in North Carolina was assessed by creating a three-stage female-based deterministic matrix model. Isoclines were produced from the matrix model to evaluate minimum nest and chick survival rates necessary to reverse population decline, assuming all other vital rates remained stable at mean values. Assuming accurate vital rates, breeding populations within North Carolina appear to be declining. To reverse this decline, combined nest and chick survival would need to increase from 0.14 to >= 0.27, a rate that appears to be attainable based on historical estimates. Results are heavily dependent on assumptions of other vital rates, most notably adult survival, revealing the need for accurate estimates of all vital rates to inform management actions. This approach provides valuable insights for evaluating conservation goals for species of concern. C1 [Felton, Shilo K.] North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hostetter, Nathan J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Felton, SK (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM skfelton@ncsu.edu FU National Park Service, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina. We thank Cape Lookout National Seashore, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, and Audubon North Carolina for their annual contributions of North Carolina American Oystercatcher breeding productivity data. Many thanks to the graduated students of the Ted Simons lab for having compiled these data each year. Thank you also to our reviewers for providing valuable insights that greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 44 EP 54 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100005 ER PT J AU Wilke, AL Boettcher, R Duerr, A Denmon, P Truitt, BR Holcomb, K Watts, BD AF Wilke, Alexandra L. Boettcher, Ruth Duerr, Adam Denmon, Pamela Truitt, Barry R. Holcomb, Kevin Watts, Bryan D. TI Population Dynamics and Survival Rates of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in Virginia, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; demographics; emigration; Haematopus palliatus; immigration; mark recapture; population model; recruitment; survival ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; DISPERSAL AB Information on demographic parameters needed to inform conservation strategies for American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) is lacking. The population dynamics of American Oystercatchers in Virginia, USA, were examined using a multi-state analysis framework that modeled movement of American Oystercatchers into and out of the State. Change in breeding status, age-specific survival rates, and age at first breeding were investigated for three geographically distinct study sites. Non-breeding American Oystercatchers originating from Virginia readily moved in and out of the State among years. The immigration rate for birds breeding on barrier islands was 6%. Emigration rates were 6% for the barrier island breeding population and 17% for the seaside lagoon population. Stage-specific annual survival rates were 0.66, 0.95 and 0.91 for juvenile, sub-adult and adult stages, respectively. Age at first breeding peaked in the fourth year for both the barrier island and seaside lagoon breeding populations. Movement and recruitment rates suggested that the barrier islands may provide the highest quality breeding habitat among the three study sites. This study showed that Virginia's American Oystercatcher population is linked with other Atlantic Coast populations, and these links should be considered when evaluating local population trends and management targets. C1 [Wilke, Alexandra L.; Truitt, Barry R.] Nature Conservancy, POB 158, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. [Boettcher, Ruth] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, 12610 Jacobus Creek Rd, Machipongo, VA 23405 USA. [Duerr, Adam] West Univ Virginia, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Denmon, Pamela] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5003 Hallett Circle, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. [Holcomb, Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 62, Chincoteague Isl, VA 23336 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Watts, Bryan D.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Wilke, AL (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 158, Nassawadox, VA 23413 USA. EM awilke@tnc.org FU Center for Conservation Biology; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Nature Conservancy; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; State Wildlife Grant programs from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USFWS Delaware Bay Estuary Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the Center for Conservation Biology, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The Nature Conservancy, the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration and State Wildlife Grant programs from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the USFWS Delaware Bay Estuary Program. We thank the many technicians, interns, and volunteers who conducted field work, especially E. Ayala, A. Daisey, N. Dewberry, A. Hackney, E. Savage, C. Smith and J. Tarwater. We also thank the community of researchers, managers and bird watchers who maintain and contribute to the online American Oystercatcher Band Database, especially L. Addison, T. Keyes, P. and D. Leary, T. Foyer, E Sanders, S. Schulte, T. Simons, and B. Winn. We thank two anonymous reviewers who provided invaluable comments on the first version of the manuscript. The capture and banding of American Oystercatchers in this study was conducted under BBL permit 21567 and followed protocols developed by the American Oystercatcher Working Group. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." This work is Scientific Article Number 3287 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100006 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, SH Addison, LM Cameron, SE AF Schweitzer, Sara H. Addison, Lindsay M. Cameron, Susan E. TI Abundance and Distribution of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) during the Breeding Season in North Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE abundance; American Oystercatcher; breeding; distribution; habitat; Haematopus palliatus; island; North Carolina ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB The Western Atlantic population of the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is of conservation concern, and much effort has been exerted to determine impacts of conservation efforts and identify important sites that need increased protection within the breeding range. Monitorihg numbers of nesting pairs and distribution and habitat selection of nesting pairs provides data for conservation programs. The breeding population of American Oystercatchers in North Carolina has been estimated four times since 2004. Locations of territories and nests were recorded and mapped, and sites were categorized according to habitat type (barrier, dredged-material, or natural sand-shell or marsh island) and management responsibility (Federal, State, Audubon North Carolina, private landowner). Estimates indicate the number of nesting pairs changed slightly: 324 in 2004, 346 in 2007, 373 in 2010, and 351 in 2013. Total numbers of individual American Oystercatchers during the breeding season changed from 703 in 2004 to 802 in 2013. Most nesting pairs (159.0 +/- 6.0 SE; P <= 0.001) are on barrier islands under Federal agency management, followed by nesting pairs on natural islands (117.0 +/- 7.2) and dredged material islands (69.5 +/- 6.3). C1 [Schweitzer, Sara H.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 106 Ferret Run Lane, New Bern, NC 28562 USA. [Addison, Lindsay M.] Audubon North Carolina, 7741 Market St,Unit D, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Cameron, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Schweitzer, SH (reprint author), North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 106 Ferret Run Lane, New Bern, NC 28562 USA. EM sara.schweitzer@ncwildlife.org FU North Carolina State Wildlife [T-20, W-57] FX Numerous partners contributed to these survey data and include J. Altman, J. Stocking, T. Borneman, B. Muizniek, W. Swilling, J. Wright, P. Doshkov, J. Fussell, P. Gillikin, D. Stewart, K. Fair, E. Rice, D. H. Allen, M. Costa, M. Grady, J. Savage, S. Maddock, J. Vitak, S. Kendrick, C. Tenbrink, K. Womble, P. Amico, W. Golder, T. McIver, M. Lyons, J. Cordes, S. Schulte, and A. Dwyer. M. E. Kornegay, A. G. Andersson, and M. L. Abraham contributed greatly to data management and mapping. Funding for this work was provided by North Carolina State Wildlife Grants T-20 and W-57. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Audubon North Carolina, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Marine Corps Camp Lejeune, North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserves, North Carolina State Parks, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wilmington District are partners of the North Carolina Waterbird Management Committee and contribute to conservation of coastal waterbirds. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. The manuscript was improved by reviews by T. R. Simons, P. Denmon, and an anonymous reviewer. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100008 ER PT J AU Addison, LM Cameron, SE Dwyer, AM Golder, W Maddock, S Schweitzer, SH AF Addison, Lindsay M. Cameron, Susan E. Dwyer, Angela M. Golder, Walker Maddock, Sidney Schweitzer, Sara H. TI Abundance, Distribution, and Geographic Origin of Non-breeding American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in North Carolina, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; distribution; disturbance; habitat selection; Haematopus palliatus; non-breeding; North Carolina; roost site; winter ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; ROOST-SITE; BAY; SHOREBIRDS; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; ISLAND AB American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) are present in North Carolina, USA, year-round. About 6-7% of the total Western Atlantic population winters in North Carolina. To estimate numbers of American Oystercatchers present during the non-breeding season, four major concentration areas were surveyed in North Carolina, each with multiple roost sites, from 2008-2013. Abundance of American Oystercatchers remained generally stable during the study period. The Lower Cape Fear River area had the greatest number of American Oystercatchers in all seasons. Mean peak abundance was greatest during winter at all concentration areas. Peak winter abundance was 158 at Ocracoke Inlet, 265 in Back Sound, 187 in Masonboro Sound, and 470 on the Lower Cape Fear River. Fall abundance was generally greater than spring abundance at all concentration areas except Masonboro Sound. Most banded individuals observed were marked in North Carolina as chicks or nesting adults, and they exhibited fidelity to concentration areas. About 15% of American Oystercatchers used wooden docks as roost sites; the rest used natural substrates and a man-made rock wall. At sites where roost habitat is a limiting factor, fabricated structures might be a useful substitute. Most roost sites receive no protection during the non-breeding season, and we observed sources of potential disturbance on 2.8-50.6% of surveys. Pedestrians and boats were the most common sources of potential disturbance. C1 [Addison, Lindsay M.; Golder, Walker; Maddock, Sidney] Audubon North Carolina, 7741 Market St Unit D, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Cameron, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Dwyer, Angela M.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Schweitzer, Sara H.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, 106 Ferret Run Lane, New Bern, NC 28562 USA. [Maddock, Sidney] POB 1359, Buxton, NC 27290 USA. RP Addison, LM (reprint author), Audubon North Carolina, 7741 Market St Unit D, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. EM laddison@audubon.org FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Audubon North Carolina FX We wish to thank the following individuals who conducted surveys for this project Matthew Abraham, Katie Bullard, Nicole Loft, Maria Logan, Tam McIver, Adriane Michaelis, Emily Rice, Christianne Shinskie, and Katie Snipes. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This project was funded by a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and Audubon North Carolina. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research." The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD FEB PY 2017 VL 40 SI 1 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EO4DX UT WOS:000396646100009 ER PT J AU Hoang, NH Kane, ME Radcliffe, EN Zettler, LW Richardson, LW AF Hoang, Nguyen H. Kane, Michael E. Radcliffe, Ellen N. Zettler, Lawrence W. Richardson, Larry W. TI Comparative seed germination and seedling development of the ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae), and molecular identification of its mycorrhizal fungus from South Florida SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Conservation; flowering; orchid; restoration; reintroduction; mycobiont; Polyrrhiza lindenii; leafless ID IN-VITRO; EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS; TROPICAL ORCHIDS; PLANT-GROWTH; PROPAGATION; PHALAENOPSIS; SPECIFICITY; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETICS; REQUIREMENTS AB Background and Aims The endangered leafless ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii, one of the most renowned orchids in the world, is difficult to grow under artificial conditions. Published information on asymbiotic and symbiotic (co-culture with a mycobiont) seed germination, seedling anatomy and developmental morphology of this leafless orchid is completely lacking. This information is critical for the development of efficient procedures for ghost orchid production for successful reintroduction. Methods Ghost orchid seedling early development stages were morphologically and anatomically defined to compare germination, embryo and protocorm maturation and seedling development during asymbiotic and symbiotic culture with one of two mycorrhizal strains (Dlin-379 and Dlin-394) isolated from ghost orchid roots in situ. Key Results Seeds symbiotically germinated at higher rates when cultured with fungal strain Dlin-394 than with strain Dlin-379 or asymbiotically on P723 medium during a 10-week culture period. Fungal pelotons were observed in protocorm cells co-cultured with strain Dlin-394 but not Dlin-379. Some 2-year-old seedlings produced multinode inflorescences in vitro. Production of keikis from inflorescence nodes indicated the capacity for clonal production in the ghost orchid. Conclusions Ghost orchid embryo and seedling development were characterized into seven stages. Fungal strain Dlin-394 was confirmed as a possible ghost orchid germination mycobiont, which significantly promoted seed germination and seedling development. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing data confirmed that Dlin-394 belongs within the genus Ceratobasidium. These results offer the opportunity to examine the benefits of using a mycobiont to enhance in vitro germination and possibly ex vitro acclimatization and sustainability following outplanting. C1 [Hoang, Nguyen H.; Kane, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoang, Nguyen H.] Univ Sci, Dept Plant Biotechnol, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Radcliffe, Ellen N.; Zettler, Lawrence W.] Illinois Coll, Dept Biol, Orchid Recovery Program, 1101 West Coll Ave, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. [Richardson, Larry W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, 12085 SR 29, South Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Kane, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM micropro@ufl.edu FU Naples Orchid Society; US Fish & Wildlife Service FX Our research would not have been possible without the long-standing support of the staff at the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. The assistance of J. J. Sadler (Illinois College), Ernesto Mujica (Orquideario Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba), Mike Owen (Fakahatchee Strand), Lynne Sigler (UAMH, Canada), Kim Backer-Kelley (Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research), Bart Schutzman (University of Florida) and James Colee (IFAS Statistics Consulting Services) is greatly appreciated. We kindly thank our Illinois College colleagues Laura L. Corey and Kelley M. Bishop for assistance with ITS sequencing, Kavita K. Patel and Korrie E. Edwards for fungus isolation (Dlin-379) and Andy L. Stice for technical support. Sincere gratitude is extended to the Naples Orchid Society for funding K.K.P. and K.K.E. in 2013, and E.N.R. in 2014. This work was supported in part by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 119 IS 3 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1093/aob/mcw220 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EO8JM UT WOS:000396935400011 PM 28025292 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Ball, LC Barichivich, WJ Dodd, CK Enge, KM Gorman, TA O'Donnell, KM Palis, JG Semlitsch, RD AF Walls, Susan C. Ball, Lianne C. Barichivich, William J. Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Enge, Kevin M. Gorman, Thomas A. O'Donnell, Katherine M. Palis, John G. Semlitsch, Raymond D. TI Overcoming Challenges to the Recovery of Declining Amphibian Populations in the United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; critical habitat; Endangered Species Act; population demography; recovery planning ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; MOVEMENT ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; BEHAVIOR; CRITERIA; SUPPORT; TRENDS; AGENCY AB The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) affords many potential benefits to species threatened with extinction. However, most at-risk amphibians-one of the most imperiled vertebrate groups-remain unlisted under the provisions of the ESA, and many impediments to recovery exist for those species that have been listed. Of the 35 US amphibian species and distinct population segments (''taxa'') listed under the ESA, 40% currently lack a final (completed) recovery plan, 28.6% lack designated critical habitat, and 8.6% lack both. For taxa that have recovery plans, the time between their listing and the development of those plans was from 2 to 29 years, and the time between their listing and the designation of critical habitat ranged from 0 to 14 years. The underlying causes of such delays in protection are complex and constitute obstacles to recovery of imperiled species. We outline a series of strategic actions by which these challenges may be overcome. C1 [Walls, Susan C.; O'Donnell, Katherine M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Ball, Lianne C.] USGS, Ecosyst Miss Area, Reston, VA USA. [Ball, Lianne C.] USGS, Environm Program, Reston, VA USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] USFWS, Off Endangered Species, Washington, DC USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] USGS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Enge, Kevin M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gorman, Thomas A.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Div Manager Aquat Resources, Chehalis, DC USA. [Gorman, Thomas A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Palis, John G.] Palis Environm Consulting, Jonesboro, IL USA. [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI O'Donnell, Katherine/0000-0001-9023-174X FU United States Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2017 VL 67 IS 2 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw153 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EO7UO UT WOS:000396895800009 ER PT J AU Fields, WR Grant, EHC Lowe, WH AF Fields, William R. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Lowe, Winsor H. TI Detecting spatial ontogenetic niche shifts in complex dendritic ecological networks SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE centrality; Gyrinophilus porphyriticus; network topology; occupancy; salamander; species distribution ID SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BROWN TROUT; DYNAMICS; CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPES; METACOMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY; SALAMANDERS; COEXISTENCE AB Ontogenetic niche shifts (ONS) are important drivers of population and community dynamics, but they can be difficult to identify for species with prolonged larval or juvenile stages, or for species that inhabit continuous habitats. Most studies of ONS focus on single transitions among discrete habitat patches at local scales. However, for species with long larval or juvenile periods, affinity for particular locations within connected habitat networks may differ among cohorts. The resulting spatial patterns of distribution can result from a combination of landscape-scale habitat structure, position of a habitat patch within a network, and local habitat characteristics-all of which may interact and change as individuals grow. We estimated such spatial ONS for spring salamanders (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus), which have a larval period that can last 4 years or more. Using mixture models to identify larval cohorts from size frequency data, we fit occupancy models for each age class using two measures of the branching structure of stream networks and three measures of stream network position. Larval salamander cohorts showed different preferences for the position of a site within the stream network, and the strength of these responses depended on the basin-wide spatial structure of the stream network. The isolation of a site had a stronger effect on occupancy in watersheds with more isolated headwater streams, while the catchment area, which is associated with gradients in stream habitat, had a stronger effect on occupancy in watersheds with more paired headwater streams. Our results show that considering the spatial structure of habitat networks can provide new insights on ONS in long-lived species. C1 [Fields, William R.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov FU Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Brian Todd and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. V. Chaney, N. Cullen, A. Deyle, E. Edwards, and K. Ewing assisted with field sampling. J. Wofford helped coordinate field research with the National Park Service. All work was conducted under PatuxentWildlife Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee approval. This research was supported by a grant from the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative ( ARMI) of the U.S. Geological Survey. This is manuscript number 538 of the ARMI program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2017 VL 8 IS 2 AR e01662 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1662 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0QH UT WOS:000397091300009 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI LONG VALLEY CALDERA-MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN UNREST: THE KNOWNS AND THE UNKNOWNS SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHQUAKES; USA; CA C1 [Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 EI 1811-5217 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD FEB PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.2113/gselements.13.1.8 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA EO5QT UT WOS:000396748500002 ER PT J AU Smart, MD Cornman, RS Iwanowicz, DD McDermott-Kubeczko, M Pettis, JS Spivak, MS Otto, CRV AF Smart, M. D. Cornman, R. S. Iwanowicz, D. D. McDermott-Kubeczko, M. Pettis, J. S. Spivak, M. S. Otto, C. R. V. TI A Comparison of Honey Bee-Collected Pollen From Working Agricultural Lands Using Light Microscopy and ITS Metabarcoding SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pollen identification; honey bee; land use; agriculture ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA BARCODE; PLANT; WEEDS; DIET; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; COLONIES AB Taxonomic identification of pollen has historically been accomplished via light microscopy but requires specialized knowledge and reference collections, particularly when identification to lower taxonomic levels is necessary. Recently, next-generation sequencing technology has been used as a cost-effective alternative for identifying bee-collected pollen; however, this novel approach has not been tested on a spatially or temporally robust number of pollen samples. Here, we compare pollen identification results derived from light microscopy and DNA sequencing techniques with samples collected from honey bee colonies embedded within a gradient of intensive agricultural landscapes in the Northern Great Plains throughout the 2010-2011 growing seasons. We demonstrate that at all taxonomic levels, DNA sequencing was able to discern a greater number of taxa, and was particularly useful for the identification of infrequently detected species. Importantly, substantial phenological overlap did occur for commonly detected taxa using either technique, suggesting that DNA sequencing is an appropriate, and enhancing, substitutive technique for accurately capturing the breadth of bee-collected species of pollen present across agricultural landscapes. We also show that honey bees located in high and low intensity agricultural settings forage on dissimilar plants, though with overlap of the most abundantly collected pollen taxa. We highlight practical applications of utilizing sequencing technology, including addressing ecological issues surrounding land use, climate change, importance of taxa relative to abundance, and evaluating the impact of conservation program habitat enhancement efforts. C1 [Smart, M. D.; Otto, C. R. V.] US Geol Survey North Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. [Cornman, R. S.] US Geol Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Iwanowicz, D. D.] US Geol Survey Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. [McDermott-Kubeczko, M.; Spivak, M. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN USA. [Pettis, J. S.] USDA ARS Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM msmart@usgs.gov; rcornman@usgs.gov; diwanowicz@usgs.gov; mcde0099@umn.edu; jeff.pettis@ars.usda.gov; spiva001@umn.edu; cotto@usgs.gov FU USDA-NIFA [2010-65615-20631]; USDA-FSA [131AMRECRTYA8]; USDA-NRCS [673A7514178] FX The full dataset used for analysis can be found in Smart and Otto (2016). We thank Dan Cariveau and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful contributions. We also thank University of Maryland technician, Andrew Garivito, for color sorting pollen prior to light microscopy identification. This project was funded by USDA-NIFA grant number 2010- 65615- 20631, USDA-FSA grant number 131AMRECRTYA8, and USDA-NRCS grant number 673A7514178. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 46 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1093/ee/nvw159 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EO7XC UT WOS:000396902400005 PM 28062536 ER PT J AU Lindsey, NJ Kaven, JO Davatzes, N Newman, GA AF Lindsey, Nathaniel J. Kaven, Joern Ole Davatzes, Nicholas Newman, Gregory A. TI Compartmentalization of the Coso East Flank geothermal field imaged by 3-D full-tensor MT inversion SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Inverse theory; Magnetotellurics; Hydrothermal systems ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS; NEW-ZEALAND; CALIFORNIA; RESISTIVITY; BENEATH; SYSTEM; RANGE; MODEL AB Previous magnetotelluric (MT) studies of the high-temperature Coso geothermal system in California identified a subvertical feature of low resistivity (2-5Ohmm) and appreciable lateral extent (>1 km) in the producing zone of the East Flank field. However, these models could not reproduce gross 3-D effects in the recorded data. We perform 3-D full-tensor inversion and retrieve a resistivity model that out-performs previous 2-D and 3-D off-diagonal models in terms of its fit to the complete 3-D MT data set as well as the degree of modelling bias. Inclusion of secondary Z(xx) and Z(yy) data components leads to a robust east-dip (60 degrees) to the previously identified conductive East Flank reservoir feature, which correlates strongly with recently mapped surface faults, downhole well temperatures, 3-D seismic reflection data, and local microseismicity. We perform synthetic forward modelling to test the best-fit dip of this conductor using the response at a nearby MT station. We interpret the dipping conductor as a fractured and fluidized compartment, which is structurally controlled by an unmapped blind East Flank fault zone. C1 [Lindsey, Nathaniel J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lindsey, Nathaniel J.; Newman, Gregory A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Geosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaven, Joern Ole] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Davatzes, Nicholas] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Lindsey, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Lindsey, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Geosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM natelindsey@berkeley.edu FU Department of Energy Geothermal Program Office [GT-480010-19823-10]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank Kelly Blake, Andy Sabin, and the Navy Geothermal Program Office for access to Coso well temperature data. The authors are grateful to Phil Wannamaker and Jeffrey Unruh for technical feedback during this study, and to Jared Peacock and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. 3-D visualization was done with VisIt (https://wci.llnl.gov/simulation/computer-codes/visit), and figures were made using the MTpy library (https://github.com/geophysics/mtpy) and the Generic Mapping Tools (gmt.soest.hawaii.edu). Coso MT data are available upon request. This work was carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with funding provided by the Department of Energy Geothermal Program Office under contract GT-480010-19823-10, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 208 IS 2 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1093/gji/ggw408 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO6QM UT WOS:000396817600004 ER PT J AU Karlstrom, KE Crossey, LJ Embid, E Crow, R Heizler, M Hereford, R Beard, LS Ricketts, JW Cather, S Kelley, S AF Karlstrom, K. E. Crossey, L. J. Embid, E. Crow, R. Heizler, M. Hereford, R. Beard, L. S. Ricketts, J. W. Cather, S. Kelley, S. TI Cenozoic incision history of the Little Colorado River: Its role in carving Grand Canyon and onset of rapid incision in the past ca. 2 Ma in the Colorado River System SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; FRANCISCO VOLCANIC FIELD; CROOKED RIDGE RIVER; U-PB AGES; NEW-MEXICO; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; CALIFORNIA RIVER; SOUTHWESTERN USA; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DETRITAL ZIRCONS AB This paper documents a multi-stage incision and denudation history for the Little Colorado River (LCR) region of the southwestern Colorado Plateau over the past 70 Ma. The first two pulses of denudation are documented by thermochronologic data. Differential Laramide cooling of samples on the -Mogollon Rim suggests carving of 70-30 Ma paleotopography by N- and E-flowing rivers whose pathways were partly controlled by strike valleys at the base of retreating Cretaceous cliffs. A second pulse of denudation is documented by apatite (U-Th)/He dates and thermal history models that indicate a broad LCR paleovalley was incised 25-15 Ma by an LCR paleoriver that flowed northwest and carved an East Kaibab paleovalley across the - Kaibab uplift. Lacustrine strata of the lower Bidahochi Formation were deposited 1614 Ma in the LCR paleovalley in a closed basin playa or marsh with a valley center near the modern LCR. There is a hiatus in the depositional record in the LCR valley from 12 to 8 Ma followed by aggradation of the 8-6 Ma fluvial upper Bidahochi Formation. Interlayered 8-6 Ma maar basalts that interacted with groundwater mark local base level for upper Bidahochi fluvial deposits; this was also a time of increased groundwater flow to Hualapai Limestone at the western edge of the Colorado Plateau. The paleo-base level in the central LCR valley remained stable (similar to 1900 m modern elevation) from 16 to 6 Ma. The third pulse of regional incision and denudation, most recent and ongoing, started after integration of the Colorado River (CR) through Grand Canyon. Thermochronology from Marble Canyon indicates that early CR integration took place across the Vermillion Cliffs at Lees Ferry after 6 Ma. The elevation of the paleoconfluence between the LCR and CR at 5-6 Ma is poorly constrained, but earliest CR integration is hypothesized to have reoccupied the East Kaibab paleocanyon. In the upper LCR drainage, topographically inverted basalt -mesas have elevations and K-Ar dates indicating a transition from aggradation to incision ca. 6 Ma followed by semi-steady incision of 20-40 m/Ma. In the lower LCR, incision accelerated to 120-170 m/Ma after 2 Ma as indicated by Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of basalt, ash-fall, and detrital sanidine. A 1.993 +/- 0.002 Ma sanidine age for a tuff in the White Mesa alluvium provides a breakthrough for LCR and CR incision studies. Post-2 Ma differential incision magnitudes (and rates) in the lower LCR and at the LCR-CR confluence were 280-320 m (140-160 m/Ma), about three times greater than the 40-80 m (20-40 m/Ma) in the LCR headwaters. The proposed mechanisms driving overall post-6 Ma differential incision of the LCR involve headwater uplift associated with the Hopi Buttes and Springer-ville volcanic fields plus base-level fall caused by CR integration to the Gulf of California. A proposed mechanism to explain the accelerated post-2 Ma differential incision in the central and lower LCR valley, but not in the head-waters, involves mantle-driven epeirogenic uplift due to NE-migrating vol-canism associated with the San Francisco volcanic field. Tectonically driven differential surface uplift mechanisms were likely amplified by changes toward more erosive climate at ca. 6 Ma and ca. 2 Ma. C1 [Karlstrom, K. E.; Crossey, L. J.; Embid, E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03-2040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Crow, R.; Hereford, R.; Beard, L. S.] US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Heizler, M.; Cather, S.; Kelley, S.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Ricketts, J. W.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Karlstrom, KE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03-2040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kek1@unm.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1348007] FX We acknowledge the decades-long contributions of Maurice Cooley on the Little Colorado River valley. Our research was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1348007 to Karl-strom and Shuster. The paper benefitted from reviews by Andre Potochnik, Kelin Whipple, and Stuart Thomson. NR 150 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 81 DI 10.1130/GES01304.1 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO6SD UT WOS:000396821900005 ER PT J AU Albano, CM Dettinger, MD Soulard, CE AF Albano, Christine M. Dettinger, Michael D. Soulard, Christopher E. TI Influence of atmospheric rivers on vegetation productivity and fire patterns in the southwestern US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INLAND PENETRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; WILDFIRE; SENSITIVITY; CALIFORNIA; COAST; VARIABILITY AB In the southwestern U.S., the meteorological phenomenon known as atmospheric rivers (ARs) has gained increasing attention due to its strong connections to floods, snowpacks, and water supplies in the West Coast states. Relatively less is known about the ecological implications of ARs, particularly in the interior Southwest, where AR storms are less common. To address this gap, we compared a chronology of AR landfalls on the west coast between 1989 and 2011 and between 25 degrees N and 42.5 degrees N to annual metrics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; an indicator of vegetation productivity) and daily resolution precipitation data to assess influences of AR-fed winter precipitation on vegetation productivity across the southwestern U.S. We mapped correlations between winter AR precipitation during landfalling ARs and (1) annual maximum NDVI and (2) area burned by large wildfires summarized by ecoregion during the same year as the landfalls and during the following year. Interannual variations of AR precipitation strongly influenced both NDVI and area burned by wildfire in some dryland ecoregions. The influence of ARs on dryland vegetation varied significantly depending on the latitude of landfall, with those ARs making landfall below 35 degrees N latitude more strongly influencing these systems, and with effects observed as far as 1300 km from the landfall location. As climatologists' understanding of the synoptic patterns associated with the occurrence of ARs continues to evolve, an increased understanding of how AR landfalls, in aggregate, influence vegetation productivity and associated wildfire activity in dryland ecosystems may provide opportunities to better predict ecological responses to climate and climate change. C1 [Albano, Christine M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Carson, CA USA. [Soulard, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Albano, CM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM christine.albano@dri.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey [G14AP00101]; Southwest Climate Science Center FX This material is based upon the work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under grant agreement G14AP00101 from the Southwest Climate Science Center, which is managed by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. We thank Jonathan Rutz for use of his atmospheric river chronology and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments that greatly improved this paper. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 308 EP 323 DI 10.1002/2016JG003608 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EN6RF UT WOS:000396130400003 ER PT J AU Xia, JY McGuire, AD Lawrence, D Burke, E Chen, GS Chen, XD Delire, C Koven, C MacDougall, A Peng, SS Rinke, A Saito, K Zhang, WX Alkama, R Bohn, TJ Ciais, P Decharme, B Gouttevin, I Hajima, T Hayes, DJ Huang, K Ji, DY Krinner, G Lettenmaier, DP Miller, PA Moore, JC Smith, B Sueyoshi, T Shi, Z Yan, LM Liang, JY Jiang, LF Zhang, Q Luo, YQ AF Xia, Jianyang McGuire, A. David Lawrence, David Burke, Eleanor Chen, Guangsheng Chen, Xiaodong Delire, Christine Koven, Charles MacDougall, Andrew Peng, Shushi Rinke, Annette Saito, Kazuyuki Zhang, Wenxin Alkama, Ramdane Bohn, Theodore J. Ciais, Philippe Decharme, Bertrand Gouttevin, Isabelle Hajima, Tomohiro Hayes, Daniel J. Huang, Kun Ji, Duoying Krinner, Gerhard Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Miller, Paul A. Moore, John C. Smith, Benjamin Sueyoshi, Tetsuo Shi, Zheng Yan, Liming Liang, Junyi Jiang, Lifen Zhang, Qian Luo, Yiqi TI Terrestrial ecosystem model performance in simulating productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in the northern permafrost region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; NPP-GPP RATIO; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY AB Realistic projection of future climate-carbon (C) cycle feedbacks requires better understanding and an improved representation of the C cycle in permafrost regions in the current generation of Earth system models. Here we evaluated 10 terrestrial ecosystem models for their estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) and responses to historical climate change in permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. In comparison with the satellite estimate from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 246 +/- 6gCm(-2) yr (-1)), most models produced higher NPP (309 +/- 12 g Cm-2 yr(-1)) over the permafrost region during 2000-2009. By comparing the simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) with a flux tower-based database, we found that although mean GPP among the models was only overestimated by 10% over 1982-2009, there was a twofold discrepancy among models (380 to 800 g Cm-2 yr(-1)), which mainly resulted from differences in simulated maximum monthly GPP (GPP(max)). Most models overestimated C use efficiency (CUE) as compared to observations at both regional and site levels. Further analysis shows that model variability of GPP and CUE are nonlinearly correlated to variability in specific leaf area and the maximum rate of carboxylation by the enzyme Rubisco at 25 degrees C (V-cmax_(25)), respectively. Themodels also varied in their sensitivities of NPP, GPP, and CUE to historical changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. These results indicate that model predictive ability of the C cycle in permafrost regions can be improved by better representation of the processes controlling CUE and GPP(max) as well as their sensitivity to climate change. C1 [Xia, Jianyang] East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Res Ctr Global Change & Ecol Forecasting, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Xia, Jianyang] East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Tiantong Natl Field Observat Stn Forest Ecosyst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lawrence, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Burke, Eleanor] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chen, Guangsheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Chen, Xiaodong; Bohn, Theodore J.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Delire, Christine; Alkama, Ramdane; Decharme, Bertrand] CNRM, CNRS Meteo France, Unitemixte Rech, UMR 3589, Toulouse, France. [Koven, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [MacDougall, Andrew; Ciais, Philippe] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Peng, Shushi] CNRS, CEA, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Smith, Benjamin] CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Krinner, Gerhard] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Krinner, Gerhard] LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Rinke, Annette; Ji, Duoying; Moore, John C.; Zhang, Qian] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Rinke, Annette] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, Potsdam, Germany. [Saito, Kazuyuki; Hajima, Tomohiro] Japan Agcy Marine Earth, Dept Integrated Climate Change Project Re, Yokohama, Japan. [Zhang, Wenxin] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gouttevin, Isabelle] Irstea, UR HHLY, Villeurbanne, France. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME USA. [Miller, Paul A.; Smith, Benjamin] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosystem Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Sueyoshi, Tetsuo] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. [Shi, Zheng] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Project Team Risk Informat Climate Change, Yokohama, Japan. [Shi, Zheng; Liang, Junyi; Jiang, Lifen; Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xia, JY (reprint author), East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Res Ctr Global Change & Ecol Forecasting, Shanghai, Peoples R China.; Xia, JY (reprint author), East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Tiantong Natl Field Observat Stn Forest Ecosyst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM jyxia@des.ecnu.edu.cn; yluo@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy [DE SC0008270, DE-SC00114085]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF 1137293, OIA-1301789]; National 1000 Young Talents Program of China; European Union Seventh Framework Programme [GA282700] FX The authors thank John Kimball for his constructive suggestions on the earlier version of this manuscript. This study was developed as part of the modeling integration team of the Permafrost Carbon Network (PCN, www.permafrostcarbon.org) funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey. Research in Y. L. Ecolab was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE SC0008270 and DE-SC00114085) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EF 1137293 and OIA-1301789. J.X. was also supported by the National 1000 Young Talents Program of China. E.B., S.P., P.C., I.G., and G.K. acknowledge financial support by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) project PAGE21, under GA282700. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The simulation data analyzed in this manuscript are available through the National Snow and Ice Data Center through e-mail request to Kevin Schaefer (kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org). NR 128 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 430 EP 446 DI 10.1002/2016JG003384 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EN6RF UT WOS:000396130400011 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Midway, SR Whittier, JB DeWeber, JT Paukert, CP AF Wagner, Tyler Midway, Stephen R. Whittier, Joanna B. DeWeber, Jefferson T. Paukert, Craig P. TI Annual Changes in Seasonal River Water Temperatures in the Eastern and Western United States SO WATER LA English DT Article DE trends; river water temperature; Bayesian estimation; dynamic linear models ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; NATIVE RANGE; BROOK TROUT; FISH; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; MODEL AB Changes in river water temperatures are anticipated to have direct effects on thermal habitat and fish population vital rates, and therefore, understanding temporal trends in water temperatures may be necessary for predicting changes in thermal habitat and how species might respond to such changes. However, many investigations into trends in water temperatures use regression methods that assume long-term monotonic changes in temperature, when in fact changes are likely to be nonmonotonic. Therefore, our objective was to highlight the need and provide an example of an analytical method to better quantify the short-term, nonmonotonic temporal changes in thermal habitat that are likely necessary to determine the effects of changing thermal conditions on fish populations and communities. To achieve this objective, this study uses Bayesian dynamic linear models (DLMs) to examine seasonal trends in river water temperatures from sites located in the eastern and western United States, regions that have dramatically different riverine habitats and fish communities. We estimated the annual rate of change in water temperature and found little evidence of seasonal changes in water temperatures in the eastern U.S. We found more evidence of warming for river sites located in the western U.S., particularly during the fall and winter seasons. Use of DLMs provided a more detailed view of temporal dynamics in river thermal habitat compared to more traditional methods by quantifying year-to-year changes and associated uncertainty, providing managers with the information needed to adapt decision making to short-term changes in habitat conditions that may be necessary for conserving aquatic resources in the face of a changing climate. C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Midway, Stephen R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 2257 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Whittier, Joanna B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [DeWeber, Jefferson T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 546 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu; smidway@lsu.edu; whittierj@missouri.edu; jtdeweber@gmail.com; paukertc@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD FEB PY 2017 VL 9 IS 2 AR 90 DI 10.3390/w9020090 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EM6PY UT WOS:000395435800021 ER PT J AU Wallingford, BD Diefenbach, DR Long, ES Rosenberry, CS Alt, GL AF Wallingford, Bret D. Diefenbach, Duane R. Long, Eric S. Rosenberry, Christopher S. Alt, Gary L. TI Biological and Social Outcomes of Antler Point Restriction Harvest Regulations for White-Tailed Deer SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE age structure; antler point restrictions; harvest rate; hunter satisfaction; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; survival; white-tailed deer ID MULTIPLE-SATISFACTION; CAPTURE MYOPATHY; PENNSYLVANIA; FOREST; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; ATTITUDES; SCIENCE; MODEL; MOOSE AB Selective harvest criteria, such as antler point restrictions (APRs), have been used to regulate harvest of male ungulates; however, comprehensive evaluation of the biological and social responses to this management strategy is lacking. In 2002, Pennsylvania adopted new APRs for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that required, depending on wildlife management unit, >= 3 or >= 4 points on 1 antler for legal harvest. Historically, harvest rates of subadult (1.5 yr old) and adult (>= 2.5 yr old) antlered males averaged 0.80. Antler point restrictions were designed to protect >= 50% of subadult males from harvest. Most adult males remained legal for harvest. We estimated harvest rates, survival rates, and cause-specific mortality of radio-collared male deer (453 subadults, 103 adults) in 2 wildlife management units (Armstrong and Centre counties) to evaluate biological efficacy of APRs to increase recruitment of adult males during 2002-2005. We administered statewide deer hunter surveys before and after each hunting season over the same 3 years to evaluate hunter attitudes toward APRs. We conducted 2 types of surveys: a simple random sample of all license buyers for each survey and a longitudinal panel of hunters who completed all 6 surveys. At the same time APRs were implemented, the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) increased antlerless harvests to reduce deer density to meet deer management goals. Survival rates varied by month and age but not between study areas or among years after implementation of APRs. Monthly survival rates for subadults ranged from 0.64 to 0.97 during hunting seasons and 0.95 to 0.99 during the non-hunting period. Annual survival of subadults was 0.46 (95% CI = 0.41-0.52). Adult monthly survival rates ranged from 0.36 to 0.95 during hunting seasons and we had no mortalities during the non-hunting period. Annual survival of adults was 0.28 (95% CI = 0.22-0.35). Antler point restrictions successfully reduced harvest rate for subadults to 0.31 (95% CI = 0.23-0.38), and approximately 92% of these deer survived to the following hunting season. Vehicle collisions were the greatest source of mortality outside the hunting season for subadults and adults. Also, we observed decreased harvest rates for adults (0.59, 95% CI = 0.40-0.72), although nearly all were legal for harvest. Of radio-collared subadults, 6-11% were harvested with sub-legal antlers, indicating hunters generally complied with APRs. Overall, antlered harvest declined statewide and in our study areas, in part because of APRs but also because of increased antlerless harvests that reduced the statewide population from 1.49 million deer in 2000 to 1.14 million deer in 2005. However, between 2000 and 2005, harvest of adult males increased by 976 (112%) in Armstrong County, decreased by 29 (-3%) in Centre County, and increased by 14,285 (29%) statewide because more males survived to the 3- and 4-year-old age classes. Proportion of hunters from the random sample surveys who supported statewide APRs varied among years between 0.61 (95% CI = 0.59-0.64) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.66-0.73). The proportion of hunters from the longitudinal panel who supported APRs did not increase as hunters gained experience under the new regulations; 0.23 were more supportive, 0.29 were less supportive, and 0.48 were unchanged in their level of agreement after 3 years. Although >50% of hunters supported APRs throughout the study, support for the PGC's deer management program declined; 41% of the longitudinal panel of hunters rated the deer management program lower after 3 years and 21% rated it higher. We considered APRs biologically successful because of decreased subadult harvest rates and increased harvest of adult males with larger antlers. Likewise, because the majority of hunters supported APRs throughout the study, we considered APRs socially successful. However, we predicted APRs would become increasingly popular after hunters experienced biological results of APRs, but there was little change in support. We believe hunters formed an initial impression of the effects of APRs, and additional experience and information failed to change their opinion. Furthermore, the concurrent reduction in overall deer densities to accommodate more males in the population and to meet agency deer population goals likely further reduced support for APRs. We found APRs as implemented in Pennsylvania to be enforceable, adhered to by hunters, and successful in recruiting more antlered males to older age classes. To facilitate social acceptance of these regulation changes, we found that obtaining support before the changes were implemented may have been important because most hunters did not change their opinions about APRs after 3 years of experience with the new regulations. (C) 2017 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Wallingford, Bret D.; Rosenberry, Christopher S.; Alt, Gary L.] Penn Game Commiss, Bur Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Long, Eric S.] Penn State Univ, Intercollege Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Long, Eric S.] Seattle Pacific Univ, Dept Biol, 3307 3rd Ave, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Alt, Gary L.] POB 370, Lagunitas, CA 94938 USA. RP Wallingford, BD (reprint author), Penn Game Commiss, Bur Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. EM bwallingfo@pa.gov FU PGC; U.S. Geological Survey; Pennsylvania State University; Susquehanna Branch of the Quality Deer Management Association; Southeast Branch of the Quality Deer Management Association; North-central Pennsylvania Branch of the Quality Deer Management Association; Pennsylvania Deer Association FX We thank the many technicians who captured and tracked deer over many cold days and nights. Also, we thank the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources for access to state forest lands and the many private landowners and hunters who cooperated with this research. We thank L. H. Carpenter and R. B. Gill for their paper (Carpenter and Gill 1987) that questioned the value of APRs and outlined the testable hypotheses for our research.; Support for this project was provided by the PGC; U.S. Geological Survey; Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; The Susquehanna, Southeast, and North-central Pennsylvania Branches of the Quality Deer Management Association; and The Pennsylvania Deer Association. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources provided access to their land for capturing deer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 196 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1002/wmon.1022 PG 26 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EP2IV UT WOS:000397207500001 ER PT J AU Veeraraghavan, S Hudnut, KW Krishnan, S AF Veeraraghavan, Swetha Hudnut, Kenneth W. Krishnan, Swaminathan TI Toppling Analysis of the Echo Cliffs Precariously Balanced Rock SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; CONSTRAINTS; CRITERIA; PULSES; BLOCKS AB Toppling analysis of a precariously balanced rock (PBR) can provide insight into the nature of ground motion that has not occurred at that location in the past and, by extension, can constrain peak ground motions for use in engineering design. Earlier approaches have targeted 2D models of the rock or modeled the rockpedestal contact using spring-damper assemblies that require recalibration for each rock. Here, a method to model PBRs in 3D is presented through a case study of the Echo Cliffs PBR. The 3D model is created from a point cloud of the rock, the pedestal, and their interface, obtained using terrestrial laser scanning. The dynamic response of the model under earthquake excitation is simulated using a rigid-body dynamics algorithm. The veracity of this approach is demonstrated through comparisons against data from shake-table experiments. Fragility maps for toppling probability of the Echo Cliffs PBR as a function of various ground-motion parameters, rock-pedestal interface friction coefficient, and excitation direction are presented. These fragility maps indicate that the toppling probability of this rock is low (less than 0.2) for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) lower than 3 m/s(2) and 0: 75 m/s, respectively, suggesting that the ground-motion intensities at this location from earthquakes on nearby faults have most probably not exceeded the above-mentioned PGA and PGV during the age of the PBR. Additionally, the fragility maps generated from this methodology can also be directly coupled with existing probabilistic frameworks to obtain direct constraints on unexceeded ground motion at a PBR's location. C1 [Veeraraghavan, Swetha; Krishnan, Swaminathan] CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd,MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, 525 535 South Wilson St, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Veeraraghavan, S (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd,MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM sveerara@caltech.edu; krishnan@caltech.edu; hudnut@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1247029]; USGS; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We thank James Brune, Richard Brune, Glenn Biasi, and Matthew Purvance for the results from the shake-table experiments and for sharing their insights and experiences with precariously balanced rocks (PBRs). We would also like to thank David Phillips of UNAVCO for supporting laser scanning of the Echo Cliffs PBR, as well as the field crew that included D. Haddad, D. Rood, A. Limaye, W. Amidon, D. Lynch, and E. Pounders, and also G. Bawden and S. Bond who helped process the data. In addition, we thank Robert Graves, Thomas Hanks, and Patricia McCrory of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Jack Baker, and an anonymous reviewer for providing reviews of earlier versions of this article. This research project has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF Award EAR-1247029), the USGS, and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1785/0120160169 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900007 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Campbell, KW AF Boore, David M. Campbell, Kenneth W. TI Adjusting Central and Eastern North America Ground-Motion Intensity Measures between Sites with Different Reference-Rock Site Conditions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JACINTO FAULT ZONE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STOCHASTIC-METHOD; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; MODERATE EARTHQUAKES; DURATION MODELS; ATTENUATION; FOURIER; ANZA AB Adjustment factors are provided for converting ground-motion intensity measures between central and eastern North America (CENA) sites with different reference-rock site conditions (V-S30 = 760, 2000, and 3000 m/s) for moment magnitudes ranging from 2 to 8, rupture distances ranging from 2 to 1200 km, Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) for frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 100 Hz, response spectra for periods ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 s, peak ground acceleration, and peak ground velocity. The adjustment factors are given for a wide range of the site diminution parameters (kappa(0)) for sites with V-S30 = 760 m/s and for a kappa(0) of 0.006 s for two harder rock sites. Fourteen CENA velocity profiles with V-S30 values within a factor of 1.1 of 760 m/s were used to derive average FAS amplification factors as a function of frequency, which were then used in simulations of peak ground-motion parameters and response spectra to derive the adjustment factors. The amplification function differs from that used in western North America (e.g., Campbell and Boore, 2016) in having a peak near 9 Hz, due to the resonance of motions in the relatively thin low-velocity material over hard rock that characterizes many CENA sites with V-S30 near 760 m/s. We call these B/C sites, because this velocity marks the boundary between National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site classes B and C (Building Seismic Safety Council, 2004). The adjustments for short-period motions are sensitive to the value of kappa(0), but there are very few if any determinations of kappa(0) for CENA B/C sites. For this reason, we determined kappa(0) from multiple recordings at Pinyon Flat Observatory (PFO), California, which has a velocity-depth profile similar to those of CENA B/C sites. The PFO and other results from the literature suggest that appropriate values of kappa(0) for CENA B/C sites are expected to lie between 0.01 and 0.03 s. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] CoreLogic Inc, 555 12th St,Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; kcampbell@corelogic.com NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 132 EP 148 DI 10.1785/0120160208 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900012 ER PT J AU Rezaeian, S Hartzell, S Sun, XD Mendoza, C AF Rezaeian, Sanaz Hartzell, Stephen Sun, Xiaodan Mendoza, Carlos TI Simulation of Earthquake Ground Motions in the Eastern United States Using Deterministic Physics-Based and Site-Based Stochastic Approaches SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND PLATFORM; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; 26 JANUARY 2001; M-W 7.6; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; SEISMIC ATTENUATION; MADRID EARTHQUAKES; TIME HISTORIES; POINT-SOURCE AB Earthquake ground-motion recordings are scarce in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) for large-magnitude events and at close distances. We use two different simulation approaches, a deterministic physics-based method and a site-based stochastic method, to simulate ground motions over a wide range of magnitudes. Drawing on previous results for the modeling of recordings from the 2011 M-w 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and using the 2001 M-w 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake as a tectonic analog for a large magnitude CEUS event, we are able to calibrate the two simulation methods over this magnitude range. Both models show a good fit to the Mineral and Bhuj observations from 0.1 to 10 Hz. Model parameters are then adjusted to obtain simulations for M-w 6.5, 7.0, and 7.6 events in the CEUS. Our simulations are compared with the 2014 U.S. Geological Survey weighted combination of existing ground-motion prediction equations in the CEUS. The physics-based simulations show comparable response spectral amplitudes and a fairly similar attenuation with distance. The site-based stochastic simulations suggest a slightly faster attenuation of the response spectral amplitudes with distance for larger magnitude events and, as a result, slightly lower amplitudes at distances greater than 200 km. Both models are plausible alternatives and, given the few available data points in the CEUS, can be used to represent the epistemic uncertainty in modeling of postulated CEUS large-magnitude events. C1 [Rezaeian, Sanaz; Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sun, Xiaodan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, 111 Erhuan Rd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. [Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. RP Sun, XD (reprint author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, 111 Erhuan Rd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. EM sunxd@home.swjtu.edu.cn FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51208440]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2682015CX082] FX We gratefully acknowledge the receipt of the Bhuj records from the India Meteorological Department through Krishna Singh. This study is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program funding. The main part of this work was completed while one of the authors (X. D. Sun) was visiting the USGS under Project 51208440 by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Project 2682015CX082 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1785/0120160031 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900013 ER PT J AU Dreiling, J Isken, MP Mooney, WD AF Dreiling, Jennifer Isken, Marius P. Mooney, Walter D. TI Comparison of Synthetic Pseudoabsolute Response Spectral Acceleration (PSA) for Four Crustal Regions within Central and Eastern North America (CENA) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This study contributes to the development of a new ground-motion model for Central and Eastern North America (CENA). We evaluate the impact of the seismic-velocity structure for different crustal regions on ground-motion measures. We present an overview of the regionalization of the crustal structure of CENA, the physical parameters used for the simulation codes, and the statistical method applied for the comparison of pseudoabsolute response spectral accelerations (PSAs) of four crustal regions defined within CENA. The four crustal regions are (1) the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP), (2) the Appalachians (APP), (3) Central North America (CNA), and (4) the Mississippi Embayment/ Gulf Coast (MEM). For each region and its statistically representative velocity structure, PSA matrices were computed, covering response oscillator frequencies from 0.5 to 20 Hz and hypocentral distances up to 500 km. PSA matrices for earthquakes at four different focal depths (5, 10, 20, and 30 km) were calculated. The developed method of the normed mean differences gives a meaningful measure for inter-regional differences of ground motions in comparison with intra-regional variability. In this study, we compare the ln(PSA) of the APP, ACP, and MEM region with the reference region CNA, respectively. The percentage of ln(PSA) mean difference values that are smaller than the ln(PSA) standard deviation of the reference region CNA lies between 73% and 91% for the APP region, dependent on the focal depth. For the ACP region, it is about 70% for all focal depths, except for the 20 km source depth, which was excluded because a layer boundary at 20.5 km causes unrealistically strong reflections. The percentage for the MEM region is less than 50% for each of the focal depths. This analysis demonstrates that there are two distinct ground-motion groups for CENA: Group 1: CNA, APP, and ACP Group 2: MEM. C1 [Dreiling, Jennifer; Isken, Marius P.; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dreiling, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dreiling@gfz-potsdam.de; isken@gfz-potsdam.de; mooney@usgs.gov FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); National Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported primarily by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) as part of the Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for Central and Eastern North America (NGA-East) research project funded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Energy and Electric Power Research Institute. Support from the National Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is also gratefully acknowledged. Discussions with Christine Goulet, Norm Abrahamson, Paul Spudich, Martin Chapman, David Boore, Robert Graves, and Yousef Bozorgnia have clarified many technical issues. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1785/0120160121 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900014 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Kishida, T AF Boore, David M. Kishida, Tadahiro TI Relations between Some Horizontal-Component Ground-Motion Intensity Measures Used in Practice SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKES; DIRECTIONALITY AB Various measures using the two horizontal components of recorded ground motions have been used in a number of studies that derive ground-motion prediction equations and construct maps of shaking intensity. We update relations between a number of these measures, including those in Boore et al. (2006) and Boore (2010), using the large and carefully constructed global database of ground motions from crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions developed as part of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center-Next Generation Attenuation-West2 project. The ratios from the expanded datasets generally agree to within a few percent of the previously published ratios. We also provide some ratios that were not considered before, some of which will be useful in applications such as constructing Shake-Maps. Finally, we compare two important ratios with those from a large central and eastern North American database and from many records from subduction earthquakes in Japan and Taiwan. In general, the ratios from these regions are within several percent of those from crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; tkishida@berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1785/0120160250 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900025 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Ramirez-Guzman, L Meremonte, M Leeds, A AF Hartzell, Stephen Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Meremonte, Mark Leeds, Alena TI Ground Motion in the Presence of Complex Topography II: Earthquake Sources and 3D Simulations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SANTA-CLARA VALLEY; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HAITI EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC MOTION; SITE RESPONSE; CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY; AMPLIFICATION; TARZANA AB Eight seismic stations were placed in a linear array with a topographic relief of 222 m over Mission Peak in the east San Francisco Bay region for a period of one year to study topographic effects. Seventy-two well-recorded local earthquakes are used to calculate spectral amplitude ratios relative to a reference site. A well-defined fundamental resonance peak is observed with individual station amplitudes following the theoretically predicted progression of larger amplitudes in the upslope direction. Favored directions of vibration are also seen that are related to the trapping of shear waves within the primary ridge dimensions. Spectral peaks above the fundamental one are also related to topographic effects but follow a more complex pattern. Theoretical predictions using a 3D velocity model and accurate topography reproduce many of the general frequency and time-domain features of the data. Shifts in spectral frequencies and amplitude differences, however, are related to deficiencies of the model and point out the importance of contributing factors, including the shear-wave velocity under the topographic feature, near-surface velocity gradients, and source parameters. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen; Leeds, Alena] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Coordinac Ingn Sismol, Ave Univ 3000, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Meremonte, Mark] Denver Fed Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Box 25007,MS 85-833, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shartzell@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 344 EP 358 DI 10.1785/0120160159 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900026 ER PT J AU Frankel, A AF Frankel, Arthur TI Modeling Strong-Motion Recordings of the 2010 M-w 8.8 Maule, Chile, Earthquake with High Stress-Drop Subevents and Background Slip SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY GROUND MOTIONS; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; PACIFIC COAST; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; RUPTURE PROCESS; OKI EARTHQUAKE; POINT-SOURCE; CALIFORNIA; ATTENUATION; SPECTRA AB Strong-motion recordings of the M-w 8.8 Maule earthquake were modeled using a compound rupture model consisting of (1) a background slip distribution with large correlation lengths, relatively low slip velocity, and long peak rise time of slip of about 10 s and (2) high stress-drop subevents (asperities) on the deeper portion of the rupture with moment magnitudes 7.9-8.2, high slip velocity, and rise times of slip of about 2 s. In this model, the high-frequency energy is not produced in the same location as the peak coseismic slip, but is generated in the deeper part of the rupture zone. Using synthetic seismograms generated for a plane-layered velocity model, I find that the high stress-drop subevents explain the observed Fourier spectral amplitude from about 0.1 to 1.0 Hz. Broadband synthetics (0-10 Hz) were calculated by combining deterministic synthetics derived from the background slip and asperities (<= 1 Hz) with stochastic synthetics generated only at the asperities (>= 1 Hz). The broadband synthetics produced response spectral accelerations with low bias compared to the data, for periods of 0.1-10 s. A subevent stress drop of 200-350 bars for the high-frequency stochastic synthetics was found to bracket the observed spectral accelerations at frequencies greater than 1 Hz. For most of the stations, the synthetics had durations of the Arias intensity similar to the observed records. C1 [Frankel, Arthur] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Frankel, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM afrankel@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1785/0120160127 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900028 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, Fred F. TI A Note on Adding Viscoelasticity to Earthquake Simulators SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; DEFORMATION; RECURRENCE; STRESS; CYCLES; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Here, I describe how time-dependent quasi-static stress transfer can be implemented in an earthquake simulator code that is used to generate long synthetic seismicity catalogs. Most existing seismicity simulators use precomputed static stress interaction coefficients to rapidly implement static stress transfer in fault networks with typically tens of thousands of fault patches. The extension to quasi-static deformation, which accounts for viscoelasticity of Earth's ductile lower crust and mantle, involves the precomputation of additional interaction coefficients that represent time-dependent stress transfer among the model fault patches, combined with defining and evolving additional state variables that track this stress transfer. The new approach is illustrated with application to a California-wide synthetic fault network. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 468 EP 474 DI 10.1785/0120160192 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK5ZO UT WOS:000394004900035 ER PT J AU Pourmokhtarian, A Driscoll, CT Campbell, JL Hayhoe, K Stoner, AMK Adams, MB Burns, D Fernandez, I Mitchell, MJ Shanley, JB AF Pourmokhtarian, Afshin Driscoll, Charles T. Campbell, John L. Hayhoe, Katharine Stoner, Anne M. K. Adams, Mary Beth Burns, Douglas Fernandez, Ivan Mitchell, Myron J. Shanley, James B. TI Modeled ecohydrological responses to climate change at seven small watersheds in the northeastern United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CMIP5; ecohydrology; ecosystem modeling; northeastern United States; water stress; water use efficiency; watershed ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; NEW-YORK; LAND-USE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CHANGE PROJECTIONS; CATSKILL REGIONS; SURFACE WATERS AB A cross-site analysis was conducted on seven diverse, forested watersheds in the northeastern United States to evaluate hydrological responses (evapotranspiration, soil moisture, seasonal and annual streamflow, and water stress) to projections of future climate. We used output from four atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs; CCSM4, HadGEM2-CC, MIROC5, and MRI-CGCM3) included in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, coupled with two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 8.5 and 4.5). The coarse resolution AOGCMs outputs were statistically downscaled using an asynchronous regional regression model to provide finer resolution future climate projections as inputs to the deterministic dynamic ecosystem model PnET-BGC. Simulation results indicated that projected warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons in the northeastern United States are anticipated to increase evapotranspiration across all sites, although invoking CO2 effects on vegetation (growth enhancement and increases in water use efficiency (WUE)) diminish this response. The model showed enhanced evapotranspiration resulted in drier growing season conditions across all sites and all scenarios in the future. Spruce-fir conifer forests have a lower optimum temperature for photosynthesis, making them more susceptible to temperature stress than more tolerant hardwood species, potentially giving hardwoods a competitive advantage in the future. However, some hardwood forests are projected to experience seasonal water stress, despite anticipated increases in precipitation, due to the higher temperatures, earlier loss of snow packs, longer growing seasons, and associated water deficits. Considering future CO2 effects on WUE in the model alleviated water stress across all sites. Modeled streamflow responses were highly variable, with some sites showing significant increases in annual water yield, while others showed decreases. This variability in streamflow responses poses a challenge to water resource management in the northeastern United States. Our analyses suggest that dominant vegetation type and soil type are important attributes in determining future hydrological responses to climate change. C1 [Pourmokhtarian, Afshin; Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine; Stoner, Anne M. K.] Texas Tech Univ, Climate Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Burns, Douglas] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY ESF, Dept Environm Resources Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Pourmokhtarian, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM afshin.pourmokhtarian@gmail.com FU Environmental Protection Agency through the STAR program; USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program; NSF; NYSERDA (New York State Energy Research Development Authority); National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program [DEB 1119709, DEB 1019522]; USDA Forest Service; USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area; Long-Term Monitoring Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Markets Division FX The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments that improved this manuscript. We would also like to thank Colin Fuss and Andrew B. Reinmann for their constructive feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency through the STAR program, the USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the LTER network, which is supported by the NSF. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. The data for the Huntington Forest have been provided with funding from NYSERDA (New York State Energy Research Development Authority). The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program (DEB 1119709). Watershed research on the Fernow Experimental Forest is supported in part by the National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program (DEB 1019522), and by the USDA Forest Service. The Sleepers River Watershed in Vermont is supported by USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program of the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area. The Biscuit Brook Watershed is supported by the Long-Term Monitoring Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Markets Division. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 23 IS 2 BP 840 EP 856 DI 10.1111/gcb.13444 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL0WU UT WOS:000394343300033 PM 27472269 ER PT J AU Brabec, MM Germino, MJ Richardson, BA AF Brabec, Martha M. Germino, Matthew J. Richardson, Bryce A. TI Climate adaption and post-fire restoration of a foundational perennial in cold desert: insights from intraspecific variation in response to weather SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate response; fire; freezing responses; restoration; Sagebrush; seed zones; seedling survival; semi-arid landscapes; water stress; weather ID SAGEBRUSH ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; FREEZING TOLERANCE; POLYPLOIDY; ASTERACEAE; ELEVATION; SEEDLINGS; DROUGHT; SHRUB AB The loss of foundational but fire-intolerant perennials such as sagebrush due to increases in fire size and frequency in semi-arid regions has motivated efforts to restore them, often with mixed or even no success. Seeds of sagebrush Artemisia tridentata and related species must be moved considerable distances from seed source to planting sites, but such transfers have not been guided by an understanding of local climate adaptation. Initial seedling establishment and its response to weather are a key demographic bottleneck that likely varies among subspecies and populations of sagebrush. We assessed differences in survival, growth and physiological responses of sagebrush seedlings to weather among eleven seed sources that varied in subspecies, cytotype and climates-of-origin over 18months following outplanting. Diploid or polyploid populations of mountain, Wyoming and basin big sagebrush (A.tridentata ssp. vaseyana, A.tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and A.tridentata ssp. tridentata, respectively) were planted onto five burned sites that normally support A.t.wyomingensis with some A.t.tridentata.A.t.wyomingensis had the most growth and survival, and tetraploid populations had greater survival and height than diploids. Seasonal timing of mortality varied among the subspecies/cytotypes and was more closely related to minimum temperatures than water deficit. Temperatures required to induce ice formation were up to 6 degrees C more negative in 4n-A.t.tridentata and A.t.wyomingensis than in other subspecies/cytotypes, indicating greater freezing avoidance. In contrast, freezing resistance of photosynthesis varied only 1 degrees C among subspecies/cytotypes, being greatest in A.t.wyomingensis and least in the subspecies normally considered most cold-adapted, A.t.vaseyana. A large spectrum of reliance on freezing avoidance vs. freezing tolerance was observed and corresponded to differences in post-fire survivorship among subspecies/cytotypes. Differences in water deficit responses among subspecies/cytotypes were not as strong and did not relate to survival patterns.Synthesis and applications. Low-temperature responses are a key axis defining climate adaptation in young sagebrush seedlings and vary more with cytotype than with subspecies, which contrasts with the traditional emphases on (i) water limitations to explain establishment in these deserts, and (ii) subspecies in selecting restoration seedings. These important and novel insights on climate adaptation are critical for seed selection and parameterizing seed transfer zones, and were made possible by incorporating weather data with survival statistics. The survival/weather statistics used here could be applied to any restoration planting or seeding to help elucidate factors contributing to success and enable adaptive management. C1 [Brabec, Martha M.; Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Richardson, Bryce A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Germino, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mgermino@usgs.gov FU Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative and Native Plant Program; Northwest Climate Science Center FX Funding was provided by the Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative and Native Plant Program and the Northwest Climate Science Center. Laura Bond assisted with statistics, and Brynne Lazarus, Marcelo Serpe and Jen Forbey provided comments. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12679 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ6IL UT WOS:000393322600031 ER PT J AU Meredith, CS Budy, P Hooten, MB Prates, MO AF Meredith, Christy S. Budy, Phaedra Hooten, Mevin B. Prates, Marcos Oliveira TI Assessing conditions influencing the longitudinal distribution of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a mountain stream: a spatially-explicit modeling approach SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Brown trout; Invasion; Anchor ice; Temperature; Spawning gravel; Propagule pressure ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-UTAH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SNAKE RIVER; HENRYS FORK; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE AB Trout species often segregate along elevational gradients, yet the mechanisms driving this pattern are not fully understood. On the Logan River, Utah, USA, exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) dominate at low elevations but are near-absent from high elevations with native Bonneville cutthroat trout (Onchorhynchus clarkii utah). We used a spatially-explicit Bayesian modeling approach to evaluate how abiotic conditions (describing mechanisms related to temperature and physical habitat) as well as propagule pressure explained the distribution of brown trout in this system. Many covariates strongly explained redd abundance based on model performance and coefficient strength, including average annual temperature, average summer temperature, gravel availability, distance from a concentrated stocking area, and anchor ice-impeded distance from a concentrated stocking area. In contrast, covariates that exhibited low performance in models and/or a weak relationship to redd abundance included reach-average water depth, stocking intensity to the reach, average winter temperature, and number of days with anchor ice. Even if climate change creates more suitable summer temperature conditions for brown trout at high elevations, our findings suggest their success may be limited by other conditions. The potential role of anchor ice in limiting movement upstream is compelling considering evidence suggesting anchor ice prevalence on the Logan River has decreased significantly over the last several decades, likely in response to climatic changes. Further experimental and field research is needed to explore the role of anchor ice, spawning gravel availability, and locations of historical stocking in structuring brown trout distributions on the Logan River and elsewhere. C1 [Meredith, Christy S.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Meredith, Christy S.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Prates, Marcos Oliveira] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Stat, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Meredith, CS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Meredith, CS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM meredith.christy@epa.gov FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Forest Service; Utah State University Ecology Center, Utah State University School of Graduate Studies; George L. Disborough Trout Unlimited Research grant; Utah State University IACUC Protocol [2022] FX The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, the U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind), the U.S. Forest Service, Utah State University Ecology Center, Utah State University School of Graduate Studies, and a George L. Disborough Trout Unlimited Research grant provided funding and/or materials towards this study. We would like to thank Gary Thiede for providing logistical support for this project as well as numerous field technicians and volunteers who helped in data collection, especially L. Goss, P. Mason, E. Castro, M. Weston, J. Randall, and C. Saunders. Brett Roper, Chris Luecke and Jack Schmidt reviewed previous versions of this manuscript. We also thank the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, especially Matt McKell, for providing stocking records. In addition, we are grateful to our anonymous reviewers for providing suggestions to improve the manuscript. We performed this research under the auspices of Utah State University IACUC Protocol 2022. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 503 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1322-z PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CU UT WOS:000394152300006 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Birge, HE Slater, J Wiggers, E AF Allen, C. R. Birge, H. E. Slater, J. Wiggers, E. TI The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; Reptiles; Community ecology; Red imported fire ant; Exotic species; Global change drivers ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; GLOBAL DECLINE; PREDATION; POLYGYNE; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; STABILITY; WILDLIFE AB Amphibians and reptiles are declining globally. One potential cause of this decline includes impacts resulting from co-occurrence with non-native red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Although a growing body of anecdotal and observational evidence from laboratory experiments supports this hypothesis, there remains a lack of field scale manipulations testing the effect of fire ants on reptile and amphibian communities. We addressed this gap by measuring reptile and amphibian ("herpetofauna") community response to successful fire ant reductions over the course of 2 years following hydramethylnon application to five 100-200 ha plots in southeastern coastal South Carolina. By assessing changes in relative abundance and species richness of herpetofauna in response to fire ant reductions, we were able to assess whether some species were particularly vulnerable to fire ant presence, and whether this sensitivity manifested at the community level. We found that herpetofauna abundance and species richness responded positively to fire ant reductions. Our results document that even moderate populations of red imported fire ants decrease both the abundance and diversity of herpetofauna. Given global herpetofauna population declines and continued spread of fire ants, there is urgency to understand the impacts of fire ants beyond anecdotal and singles species studies. Our results provides the first community level investigation addressing these dynamics, by manipulating fire ant abundance to reveal a response in herpetofauna species abundance and richness. C1 [Allen, C. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Birge, H. E.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Birge, H. E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Slater, J.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wiggers, E.] Nemours Wildlife Fdn, 239 Stroban Rd, Yemassee, SC 29940 USA. [Allen, C. R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.; Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University; Wildlife Management Institute; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. An earlier version of this manuscript was improved by comments from D. Ferraro and W. Mills. Comments from Dr. Kevin G. Smith and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2017 VL 19 IS 2 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1343-7 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CU UT WOS:000394152300021 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC Row, JR Oyler-McCance, SJ AF Fedy, Bradley C. Row, Jeffrey R. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. TI Integration of genetic and demographic data to assess population risk in a continuously distributed species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; Management units; Population trends; Sage-grouse; Centrocercus urophasianus ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BAYESIAN CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT UNITS; EXPERT OPINION; INFERENCE AB The identification and demographic assessment of biologically meaningful populations is fundamental to species' ecology and management. Although genetic tools are used frequently to identify populations, studies often do not incorporate demographic data to understand their respective population trends. We used genetic data to define subpopulations in a continuously distributed species. We assessed demographic independence and variation in population trends across the distribution. Additionally, we identified potential barriers to gene flow among subpopulations. We sampled greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) leks from across their range (ae175,000 Km(2)) in Wyoming and amplified DNA at 14 microsatellite loci for 1761 samples. Subsequently, we assessed population structure in unrelated individuals (n = 872) by integrating results from multiple Bayesian clustering approaches and used the boundaries to inform our assessment of long-term population trends and lek activity over the period of 1995-2013. We identified four genetic clusters of which two northern ones showed demographic independence from the others. Trends in population size for the northwest subpopulation were statistically different from the other three genetic clusters and the northeast and southwest subpopulations demonstrated a general trend of increasing proportion of inactive leks over time. Population change from 1996 to 2012 suggested population growth in the southern subpopulations and decline, or neutral, change in the northern subpopulations. We suggest that sage-grouse subpopulations in northern Wyoming are at greater risk of extirpation than the southern subpopulations due to smaller census and effective population sizes and higher variability within subpopulations. Our research is an example of incorporating genetic and demographic data and provides guidance on the identification of subpopulations of conservation concern. C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.; Row, Jeffrey R.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM bfedy@uwaterloo.ca FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX We thank Thomas Christiansen and Christopher Keefe for their support, coordination, and insights. Zachary Bowen was integral to the initiation of the project and we appreciate his contributions early on in the research. We also thank the many individuals who invested time and energy into collecting and submitting feathers and FTA cards for genetic analysis and the many individuals who have collected lek count data in Wyoming. The manuscript was improved through the comments from Christopher Kirol and three anonymous reviewers. Funding for the research was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endoresement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0885-7 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EK9OH UT WOS:000394253300007 ER PT J AU Wood, DA Bui, TVD Overton, CT Vandergast, AG Casazza, ML Hull, JM Takekawa, JY AF Wood, Dustin A. Bui, Thuy-Vy D. Overton, Cory T. Vandergast, Amy G. Casazza, Michael L. Hull, Joshua M. Takekawa, John Y. TI A century of landscape disturbance and urbanization of the San Francisco Bay region affects the present-day genetic diversity of the California Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Ridgway's rail; Gene flow; Fragmentation; Microsatellites; Population declines ID SPARROWS MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; CLAPPER RAIL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MIGRATION RATES; LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Fragmentation and loss of natural habitat have important consequences for wild populations and can negatively affect long-term viability and resilience to environmental change. Salt marsh obligate species, such as those that occupy the San Francisco Bay Estuary in western North America, occupy already impaired habitats as result of human development and modifications and are highly susceptible to increased habitat loss and fragmentation due to global climate change. We examined the genetic variation of the California Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus), a state and federally endangered species that occurs within the fragmented salt marsh of the San Francisco Bay Estuary. We genotyped 107 rails across 11 microsatellite loci and a single mitochondrial gene to estimate genetic diversity and population structure among seven salt marsh fragments and assessed demographic connectivity by inferring patterns of gene flow and migration rates. We found pronounced genetic structuring among four geographically separate genetic clusters across the San Francisco Bay. Gene flow analyses supported a stepping stone model of gene flow from south-to-north. However, contemporary gene flow among the regional embayments was low. Genetic diversity among occupied salt marshes and genetic clusters were not significantly different. We detected low effective population sizes and significantly high relatedness among individuals within salt marshes. Preserving genetic diversity and connectivity throughout the San Francisco Bay may require attention to salt marsh restoration in the Central Bay where habitat is both most limited and most fragmented. Incorporating periodic genetic sampling into the management regime may help evaluate population trends and guide long-term management priorities. C1 [Wood, Dustin A.; Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Bui, Thuy-Vy D.; Overton, Cory T.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Hull, Joshua M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Meyer Hall,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Audubon Calif, 376 Greenwood Beach Rd, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Wood, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM dawood@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs and Recovery Branches; California State Coastal Conservatory; Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We are grateful for the valuable comments from the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers and that helped improve a previous version of the manuscript. The microsatellite data and associated metadata used for this study can be obtained from ScienceBase (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7HD7SQ0) and ND2 mtDNA sequences were deposited in GENBANK (KU505148-KU505209). We thank our field crews including A. Merritt, E. Schultz, K. Barry, L. Koenig, K. Sawyer, and J. Burton for collecting samples and locality information. We thank S. Bobzien, M. Taylor, and R. Trujillo for assistance and access to East Bay Regional Park District properties; and the U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay Field Station staff for assistance with field work. We also thank the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, Marin County Parks, and Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary District for granting us access to their properties. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 8, Coastal Programs and Recovery Branches and by the California State Coastal Conservatory and Department of Fish and Wildlife. The blood and tissue samples were collected under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service endangered species permit TE-020548, California Department of Fish and Wildlife Memorandum of Understanding and scientific collecting permits, U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory permit 21142, and the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0888-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EK9OH UT WOS:000394253300010 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Rohweder, JJ AF De Jager, Nathan R. Rohweder, Jason J. TI Changes in aquatic vegetation and floodplain land cover in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers (1989-2000-2010) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic ecology; Floodplain; Forest; Habitat; Land cover change; Submerged aquatic vegetation ID VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; USA AB Quantifying changes in the cover of river-floodplain systems can provide important insights into the processes that structure these landscapes as well as the potential consequences to the ecosystem services they provide. We examined net changes in 13 different aquatic and floodplain land cover classes using photo interpreted maps of the navigable portions of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR, above the confluence with the Ohio River) and Illinois River from 1989 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010. We detected net decreases in vegetated aquatic area in nearly all river reaches from 1989 to 2000. The only river reaches that experienced a subsequent recovery of vegetated aquatic area from 2000 to 2010 were located in the northern portion of the UMR (above navigation pool 14) and two reaches in the Illinois River. Changes on the floodplain were dominated by urban development, which increased in nearly every river reach studied from 1989 to 2000. Agricultural lands declined in most river reaches from 2000 to 2010. The loss of agricultural land cover in the northern UMR was accompanied by increases in forest cover, whereas in the lower UMR and Illinois River, declines in agriculture were accompanied by increases in forest and shallow marsh communities. The changes in aquatic vegetation occupied between 5 and 20% of the total aquatic area and are likely associated with previously reported regional improvements in water clarity, while smaller (1-15% of the total floodplain area) changes in anthropogenic land cover types on the floodplain are likely driven by broad-scale socio-economic conditions. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov FU USACE; USEPA; USFWS; USGS; natural resource agency Illinois; natural resource agency Iowa; natural resource agency Minnesota; natural resource agency Missouri; natural resource agency Wisconsin FX Funding for this research was provided by the Long Term Resources Monitoring Component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, a partnership among four Federal agencies (USACE, USEPA, USFWS, USGS) and five state natural resource agencies (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 189 IS 2 AR 77 DI 10.1007/s10661-017-5774-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK0VS UT WOS:000393645800032 PM 28120204 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Cleveland, D Brumbaugh, WG Linder, G Lankton, J AF Ellen Hinck, Jo Cleveland, Danielle Brumbaugh, William G. Linder, Greg Lankton, Julia TI Pre-mining trace element and radiation exposure to biota from a breccia pipe uranium mine in the Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Uranium mining; Colorado plateau; Contaminants; Radiation; Risk; Baseline assessment ID COAL-COMBUSTION WASTES; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; POCKET GOPHERS; SMALL MAMMALS; SELENIUM; WILDLIFE; FISH; LEAD; CONTAMINATION AB The risks to wildlife and humans from uranium (U) mining in the Grand Canyon watershed are largely unknown. In addition to U, other co-occurring ore constituents contribute to risks to biological receptors depending on their toxicological profiles. This study characterizes the pre-mining concentrations of total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl), U, and zinc (Zn); radiation levels; and histopathology in biota (vegetation, invertebrates, amphibians, birds, and mammals) at the Canyon Mine. Gross alpha levels were below the reporting limit (4 pCi/g) in all samples, and gross beta levels were indicative of background in vegetation (<10-17 pCi/g) and rodents (< 10-43.5 pCi/g). Concentrations of U, Tl, Pb, Ni, Cu, and As in vegetation downwind from the mine were likely the result of aeolian transport. Chemical concentrations in rodents and terrestrial invertebrates indicate that surface disturbance during mine construction has not resulted in statistically significant spatial differences in fauna concentrations adjacent to the mine. Chemical concentrations in egg contents and nestlings of non- aquatic birds were less than method quantification limits or did not exceed toxicity thresholds. Bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Se, Tl, and U was evident in Western spadefoot (Spea multiplicata) tadpoles from the mine containment pond; concentrations of As (28.9-31.4 mu g/g) and Se (5.81-7.20 mu g/g) exceeded toxicity values and were significantly greater than in tadpoles from a nearby water source. Continued evaluation of As and Se in biota inhabiting and forging in the mine containment pond is warranted as mining progresses. C1 [Ellen Hinck, Jo; Cleveland, Danielle; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Brooks, TX 97305 USA. [Lankton, Julia] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov OI Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 189 IS 2 AR 56 DI 10.1007/s10661-017-5765-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK0VS UT WOS:000393645800011 PM 28091884 ER PT J AU Pizzuto, J Keeler, J Skalak, K Karwan, D AF Pizzuto, James Keeler, Jeremy Skalak, Katherine Karwan, Diana TI Storage filters upland suspended sediment signals delivered from watersheds SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE DISTRIBUTION; RIVER; RESERVOIRS; EVOLUTION; BASIN; TIME; FLOW AB Climate change, tectonics, and humans create long-and short-term temporal variations in the supply of suspended sediment to rivers. These signals, generated in upland erosional areas, are filtered by alluvial storage before reaching the basin outlet. We quantified this filter using a random walk model driven by sediment budget data, a power-law distributed probability density function (PDF) to determine how long sediment remains stored, and a constant downstream drift velocity during transport of 157 km/yr. For 25 km of transport, few particles are stored, and the median travel time is 0.2 yr. For 1000 km of transport, nearly all particles are stored, and the median travel time is 2.5 m. y. Both travel-time distributions are power laws. The 1000 km travel-time distribution was then used to filter sinusoidal input signals with periods of 10 yr and 10(4) yr. The 10 yr signal is delayed by 12.5 times its input period, damped by a factor of 380, and is output as a power law. The 10(4) yr signal is delayed by 0.15 times its input period, damped by a factor of 3, and the output signal retains its sinusoidal input form (but with a power-law "tail"). Delivery time scales for these two signals are controlled by storage; in-channel transport time is insignificant, and low-frequency signals are transmitted with greater fidelity than high-frequency signals. These signal modifications are essential to consider when evaluating watershed restoration schemes designed to control sediment loading, and where source-area geomorphic processes are inferred from the geologic record. C1 [Pizzuto, James; Keeler, Jeremy] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Skalak, Katherine] US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Karwan, Diana] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pizzuto, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1424969] FX Partial support was provided by National Science Foundation grant EAR-1424969. We are grateful for helpful reviews from editor James Spotila, Patrick Belmont, Harrison Gray, Daniel Kroes, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2017 VL 45 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1130/G38170.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EN6OZ UT WOS:000396124600018 ER PT J AU Voss, CI AF Voss, Clifford I. TI Editors' Message: The 2016 Editors' Choice articles SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10040-017-1538-8 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EK9JF UT WOS:000394239800001 ER PT J AU Montazar, A Rejmanek, H Tindula, G Little, C Shapland, T Anderson, F Inglese, G Mutters, R Linquist, B Greer, CA Hill, J Snyder, RL AF Montazar, A. Rejmanek, H. Tindula, G. Little, C. Shapland, T. Anderson, F. Inglese, G. Mutters, R. Linquist, B. Greer, C. A. Hill, J. Snyder, R. L. TI Crop Coefficient Curve for Paddy Rice from Residual Energy Balance Calculations SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Crop coefficient; Energy balance approach; Evapotranspiration; Rice ID SURFACE RENEWAL ANALYSIS; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WATER; CALIFORNIA; DENSITY; PHILIPPINES; IRRIGATION; CLIMATE; FIELDS AB The crop coefficient (Kc) values of rice paddy are important for estimating accurate rice crop evapotranspiration (ETc), water transfers planning, efficient irrigation management, and hydrological studies. In this study, ETc was measured and a generalized Kc curve was calculated for paddy rice in the Sacramento Valley, California. Field experiments were conducted in three rice paddy fields during the 2011-2013 growing seasons. Surface renewal analysis, after calibration using eddy covariance method, was applied to obtain sensible heat flux values from high-frequency temperature readings; latent heat flux densities were characterized by the residual of the energy balance method. The results revealed that there is considerable variability in rice water use both spatially and temporally. The average 3-year measured seasonal ETc of the experimental fields ranged from 690 to 762mm in Butte County and from 681 to 813mm in the Colusa County. A mean daily seasonal ETc of 5.3mmd-1 and midseason ETc of 5.8mmd-1 was observed. The rice Kc values were lower than those commonly used to estimate rice ETc during the midseason and were greater than expected during early growth before canopy closure. For a typical growing season of 145days, the Kc values were estimated as 1.10, 1.00, and 0.80 for the initial-growth, midseason, and late-season stages, respectively. The generalized Kc curve is quite accurate for practical application and enables growers to determine rice crop water use in a reliable, usable, and affordable format. The proposed Kc information can be used to refine the estimates of rice consumptive water use in the Sacramento Valley for the purpose of water transfers to water-short areas of the State. These Kc values are likely applicable to other locations having similar climate to the Sacramento Valley in California. C1 [Montazar, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 2242 PES Bldg,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rejmanek, H.; Tindula, G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Little, C.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Shapland, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Hort & Agron Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, F.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Inglese, G.] Univ Palermo, I-90100 Palermo, Italy. [Mutters, R.] UCCE Butte Co, Oroville, CA 95965 USA. [Linquist, B.; Hill, J.; Snyder, R. L.] Univ Calif Davis, UCCE, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Greer, C. A.] UCCE Colusa Co, Colusa, CA 95932 USA. RP Montazar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 2242 PES Bldg,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amontazar@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Water Resources [460008548A12TOUC101] FX The authors thank the California Department of Water Resources for supporting the "Refinement of Rice Water Use" project, Agreement No. 460008548A12TOUC101. The authors especially thank Tom Filler and Al Vargas from the Water Transfer Office and Morteza Orang and Tom Hawkins from the Water Planning Office for their valuable input and feedback during the project. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD FEB PY 2017 VL 143 IS 2 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001117 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA EK9RT UT WOS:000394262300002 ER PT J AU Balmer, BF Powers, RL Zhang, TH Lee, J Vigant, F Lee, B Jung, ME Purcell, MK Snekvik, K Aguilar, HC AF Balmer, Bethany F. Powers, Rachel L. Zhang, Ting-Hu Lee, Jihye Vigant, Frederic Lee, Benhur Jung, Michael E. Purcell, Maureen K. Snekvik, Kevin Aguilar, Hector C. TI Inhibition of an Aquatic Rhabdovirus Demonstrates Promise of a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Use in Aquaculture SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiviral; aquaculture; aquatic virus; broad spectrum; enveloped; membrane fusion; rhabdovirus; virus ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; EPC CELL-LINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA VACCINATION; FISH; VACCINES; IMMUNITY; IHNV; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTION AB Many enveloped viruses cause devastating disease in aquaculture, resulting in significant economic impact. LJ001 is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that inhibits enveloped virus infections by specifically targeting phospholipids in the lipid bilayer via the production of singlet oxygen (O-1(2)). This stabilizes positive curvature and decreases membrane fluidity, which inhibits virus-cell membrane fusion during viral entry. Based on data from previous mammalian studies and the requirement of light for the activation of LJ001, we hypothesized that LJ001 may be useful as a preventative and/or therapeutic agent for infections by enveloped viruses in aquacu