FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU KUTZ, FW COOK, BT CARTERPOKRAS, OD BRODY, D MURPHY, RS AF KUTZ, FW COOK, BT CARTERPOKRAS, OD BRODY, D MURPHY, RS TI SELECTED PESTICIDE-RESIDUES AND METABOLITES IN URINE FROM A SURVEY OF THE UNITED-STATES GENERAL-POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SPECIMENS; EXPOSURE; BLOOD AB Residues of toxic chemicals in human tissues and fluids can be important indicators of exposure. Urine collected from a subsample of the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed for organochlorine, organophosphorus, and chlorophenoxy pesticides or their metabolites. Urine concentration was also measured. The most frequently occurring residue in urine was pentachlorophenol (PCP), found in quantifiable concentrations in 71.6% of the general population with an estimated geometric mean level of 6.3 ng/ml. Percent quantifiable levels of PCP were found to be highest among males. Quantifiable concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (5.8%), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (3.4%), para-nitrophenol (2.4%), dicamba (1.4%), malathion dicarboxylic acid (0.5%), malathion alpha-monocarboxylic acid (1.1%), and 2,4-D (0.3%) were found, but at much lower frequencies. No quantifiable levels of 2,4,5-T or silvex were found. Preliminary analyses showed an apparent relationship between residue concentration and two measures of urine concentration (osmolality and creatinine). A large segment of the general population of the United States experienced exposure to certain pesticides, including some considered biodegradable, during the years 1976-1980. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP KUTZ, FW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV RD-680,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. RI Carter-Pokras, Olivia/B-1652-2012 OI Carter-Pokras, Olivia/0000-0002-6310-6932 NR 19 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 1992 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 291 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JU775 UT WOS:A1992JU77500005 PM 1404486 ER PT J AU Genthner, FJ Campbell, RP Pritchard, PH AF Genthner, F. J. Campbell, R. P. Pritchard, P. H. TI Use of a novel plasmid to monitor the fate of a genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida strain SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial attachment; bacterial survival; detection; plasmid; Pseudomonas putida; recombinant organisms AB Plasmid pSI30 was constructed to increase the sensitivity of detection of a genetically engineered micro-organism (GEM) and its recombinant DNA in environmental samples. This broad host-range, mobilizable plasmid contained chlorocatechol WO degradative genes, antibiotic resistance genes (ampicillin and kanamycin) and a fragment of eukaryotic DNA. The clc genes encode enzymes that convert 3-chlorocatechol to maleylacetic acid permitting the host, Pseudomonas putida RC-4, to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate. This catabolic phenotype was exploited using enrichment procedures to detect RC-4(pSI30) cells, free-living in the water column or when irreversibly bound to surfaces. The eukaryotic DNA sequence provided a unique target allowing positive identification by DNA:DNA hybridization. Using the eukaryotic DNA sequence as a probe, no transfer of the plasmid to indigenous bacteria was detected. Persistence of RC-4(pSI30) and its ability to multiply upon addition of 3-chlorobenzoate were demonstrated 78 days after its addition to natural freshwater. In flow-through microcosms RC-4(pSI30), undetectable as free-living cells, was found by enrichment as irreversibly bound sessile forms. These experiments revealed the stability of pSI30 and its utility in a 'combination' detection system for tracking the survival of a GEM and its DNA in environmental samples. C1 [Genthner, F. J.; Pritchard, P. H.] US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Genthner, FJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 1 IS 3 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00169.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA V00QM UT WOS:000206802500001 PM 1344990 ER PT J AU FUSCOE, JC ZIMMERMAN, LJ FEKETE, A SETZER, RW ROSSITER, BJF AF FUSCOE, JC ZIMMERMAN, LJ FEKETE, A SETZER, RW ROSSITER, BJF TI ANALYSIS OF X-RAY-INDUCED HPRT MUTATIONS IN CHO CELLS - INSERTION AND DELETIONS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HPRT GENE; RADIATION MUTAGENESIS; DELETION BREAKPOINTS; INSERTION MUTATION; MULTIPLEX PCR; DNA SEQUENCING AB Molecular alterations were examined in the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene of 41 independent X-ray-induced thioguanine-resistant (TG(R)) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell clones. Rapid screening of the clones by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence or absence of exons revealed that the causes of the mutant phenotype were total gene deletion (26/41), partial gene deletion (4/41), and an insertion (1/41). No alterations of exon number or sizes were apparent in 10 of the mutants. Southern blot analysis confirmed the deletion data and revealed an additional class of mutants that had a gene disruption but retained all hprt exons (2/41). Therefore, at least 80% of the ionizing radiation-induced mutations were due to mechanisms involving DNA breakage and rejoining. The distribution of deletion sizes suggests that the two DNA breaks required for a deletion are not independent events. A possible mechanism is presented. In addition, the DNA sequence of the insertion mutation was determined. The insertion (229 bp) is coupled with a deletion (31 bp). An imperfect inverted repeat with flanking hprt DNA was identified and may be involved in the insertion event. C1 SEMMELWEIS UNIV MED,INST BIOPHYS,H-1085 BUDAPEST 8,HUNGARY. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES SUPPORT,BIOSTAT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. BAYLOR COLL MED,INST MOLEC GENET,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CTR HUMAN GENOME,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP FUSCOE, JC (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 3 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD OCT PY 1992 VL 269 IS 2 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90198-B PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JQ628 UT WOS:A1992JQ62800001 PM 1383700 ER PT J AU WOLFF, JO AF WOLFF, JO TI PARENTS SUPPRESS REPRODUCTION AND STIMULATE DISPERSAL IN OPPOSITE-SEX JUVENILE WHITE-FOOTED MICE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; NATAL DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; LEUCOPUS; BIRDS; COMPETITION; RELATEDNESS; HYPOTHESIS; SUCCESS AB JUVENILE dispersal is sex-biased in many mammals and birds: one sex often disperses more often or farther than the other. Two hypotheses are generally presented for sex-biased dispersal. The first holds that juvenile dispersal reduces reproductive and/or resource competition between parents and same-sexed offspring1-5. If so, presence of a parent on the natal home range should both promote dispersal of same-sex offspring and suppress reproduction of those that remain. The second is that juvenile dispersal reduces matings between parents and offspring6-10, thus decreasing the likelihood of inbreeding depression11-13. If so, presence of a parent should favour dispersal and reproductive suppression of offspring of the opposite sex. Here I present evidence that juvenile dispersal in white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, is due to inbreeding avoidance. When population density was high, experimental removal of one parent delayed dispersal of opposite-sexed offspring and only the presence of the parents of opposite sex suppressed juvenile reproduction. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP WOLFF, JO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,NASH HALL 104,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 27 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 17 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6394 BP 409 EP 410 DI 10.1038/359409a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JQ624 UT WOS:A1992JQ62400053 PM 1406952 ER PT J AU KOTCH, LE DEHART, DB ALLES, AJ CHERNOFF, N SULIK, KK AF KOTCH, LE DEHART, DB ALLES, AJ CHERNOFF, N SULIK, KK TI PATHOGENESIS OF ETHANOL-INDUCED LIMB REDUCTION DEFECTS IN MICE SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; CELL-DEATH; MOUSE EMBRYOS; C57BL/6J MICE; MALFORMATIONS; MORPHOGENESIS; EXPOSURE; TERATOGENESIS; ACETAZOLAMIDE; PATTERNS AB Acute administration of dosages of 2.5, 2.8, or 2.9 g/kg of ethanol to pregnant C57BL/6J mice on gestational day 91/4 resulted in major malformations of the forelimb including postaxial ectrodactyly, preaxial syndactyly, and reduction defects involving intermediate digits. The incidence and severity of these defects was positively correlated with dosage. Sidedness of the defects was also dose-dependent. In affected embryos, excessive amounts of cell death were notable within 5-9 hr of treatment initiation in selected cell populations. Cell death was primarily distributed in two regions of the developing limb bud-a ventrodistal ectodermal cell population (apical ectodermal ridge) and a proximal mesenchymal cell population. The patterns of cell death observed appear to be pathogenically related to the limb defects noted at later stages. In particular, it would appear that the deficiencies in the apical ectodermal ridge resulting from ethanol-induced cell death can account for virtually all the subsequent limb defects. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT,516 TAYLOR HALL,CB 7090,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA08204] NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460403 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA JP011 UT WOS:A1992JP01100002 PM 1412063 ER PT J AU MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD AF MCCLINTOCK, JT SJOBLAD, RD TI RECOMBINANT BIOPESTICIDES SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; BACULOVIRUSES RP MCCLINTOCK, JT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 7 IS 10 BP 352 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90130-4 PG 1 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JQ692 UT WOS:A1992JQ69200012 PM 21236063 ER PT J AU CARSON, DA LANDRETH, RE AF CARSON, DA LANDRETH, RE TI TECHNIQUES FOR THE FABRICATION OF GEOMEMBRANE FILLED SEAMS SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SANITARY LANDFILL; HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILL; GEOMEMBRANE; SEAMING; EXTRUSION FILLET WELDING; EXTRUSION FLAT WELDING; HOT WEDGE BONDING; HOT AIR SEAMING; CHEMICAL FUSION; CHEMICAL ADHESIVE RP CARSON, DA (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 10 IS 5 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1016/0734-242X(92)90114-Z PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JU615 UT WOS:A1992JU61500002 ER PT J AU MURDOCH, PS STODDARD, JL AF MURDOCH, PS STODDARD, JL TI THE ROLE OF NITRATE IN THE ACIDIFICATION OF STREAMS IN THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS OF NEW-YORK SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACID PRECIPITATION; SULFURIC-ACID; MINERAL ACIDS; FOREST SOILS; QUALITY; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Research on the effects of acidic deposition in the United States has focused largely on the role of sulfur deposition in the acidification of surface waters. Results from both long-term (up to 70 years) and recent monitoring of stream chemistry in the Catskill Mountains of New York indicate, however, that nitric acid has a significant and increasing role in surface water acidification that, during high-flow periods, rivals the role of sulfuric acid. Nitrate increases with increased streamflow throughout the year except during the late summer, when biological activity and its attendant nitrogen uptake are greatest; peak concentrations as high as 128 mueq/L have been recorded during spring snowmelt. In contrast, SO42- concentrations decrease with increased flow. The ratio of NO3-:(NO3- + SO42-) in the seven U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency long-term monitoring (LTM) streams ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 from August 1983 through February 1990. Seasonal Kendall tau tests for trends suggest a general decrease in SO42- concentrations and increase in NO3- concentrations in these streams during that period. Trend analysis of 19 large streams with periods of record from 23 to 70 years indicates that NO3- concentrations have been increasing in Catskill streams since 1970. The increasing trend appears to be primarily a result of increasing peak flow concentrations; base flow concentrations in the same large streams show only small changes over the period of record. Increases in base flow NO3- concentrations in headwater LTM streams have been larger, however. Trend information and seasonal patterns suggest that Catskill watersheds may be approaching nitrogen saturation. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP MURDOCH, PS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 1397,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 63 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2707 EP 2720 DI 10.1029/92WR00953 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900014 ER PT J AU HILL, BH GARDNER, TJ EKISOLA, OF AF HILL, BH GARDNER, TJ EKISOLA, OF TI BENTHIC ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS IN TEXAS PRAIRIE STREAMS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BENTHIC POM; POM SIZE FRACTIONS; PRAIRIE STREAMS ID SESTON DYNAMICS; RIVER CONTINUUM; METABOLISM; ECOSYSTEM; DEBRIS AB Concentrations of benthic particulate organic matter (POM) in six Texas prairie streams (2nd-4th order, intermittent and perennial) were monitored over a 20 month period to determine temporal and spatial dynamics. Benthic POM mass was highly variable, having coefficients of variation (CV) in excess of 300%. Benthic POM mass in all streams was similar with the exception of the 4th order intermittent stream which had significantly higher concentrations. Benthic POM at all sites was dominated by coarse POM (CPOM), followed by fine POM (FPOM), ultrafine POM (UPOM), and medium POM (MPOM). The dominance by CPOM is especially noteworthy in the 4th order intermittent stream where it accounted for 83% of the annual POM mass. Seasonally, benthic POM was highest in summer and lowest in the fall. C1 UNIV TEXAS,GRAD PROGRAM ENVIRONM SCI,RICHARDSON,TX 75083. RP HILL, BH (reprint author), US EPA,3411 CHURCH ST,CINCINNATI,OH 45244, USA. RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 28 PY 1992 VL 242 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/BF00017638 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JR225 UT WOS:A1992JR22500001 ER PT J AU HILL, BH GARDNER, TJ EKISOLA, OF AF HILL, BH GARDNER, TJ EKISOLA, OF TI PREDICTABILITY OF STREAMFLOW AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER CONCENTRATION AS INDICATORS OF STABILITY IN PRAIRIE STREAMS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE POM; PRAIRIE STREAMS; PREDICTABILITY; STABILITY; STREAM FLOW ID SESTON DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; CARBON; ECOLOGY; RIVER AB Predictability of stream discharge and particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column was estimated, using Colwell's indices of constancy and contingency, for 6 Texas prairie streams (1 each of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th order with intermittent or perennial discharge). Stream discharge in these 6 prairie streams varied between 0 and 36 000 l s-1, depending on the stream and season. Predictability (P) of discharge in these streams ranged from 0.45 to 0.62, within the range of values expected for North American streams. Predictability of stream discharge was not significantly different between streams. Particulate organic matter concentrations in these prairie streams are relatively low, ranging from 0.25 to 4.00 mg AFDM l-1. Predictability of POM concentration in these streams was high, ranging from 0.75 to 0.85, and was largely the result of constancy of POM concentrations. Within the different POM size classes, Fine POM (FPOM) had the highest predictability (P = 0.89-0.96). In spite of relatively unpredictable stream discharge, POM remained fairly constant providing a measure of habitat predictability and stability. C1 UNIV TEXAS,GRAD PROGRAM ENVIRONM SCI,RICHARDSON,TX 75083. RP HILL, BH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM SYST MONITORING LAB,3411 CHURCH ST,CINCINNATI,OH 45244, USA. RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 28 PY 1992 VL 242 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1007/BF00017639 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JR225 UT WOS:A1992JR22500002 ER PT J AU COFER, WR STEVENS, RK WINSTEAD, EL PINTO, JP SEBACHER, DI ABDULRAHEEM, MY ALSAHAFI, M MAZUREK, MA RASMUSSEN, RA CAHOON, DR LEVINE, JS AF COFER, WR STEVENS, RK WINSTEAD, EL PINTO, JP SEBACHER, DI ABDULRAHEEM, MY ALSAHAFI, M MAZUREK, MA RASMUSSEN, RA CAHOON, DR LEVINE, JS TI KUWAITI OIL FIRES - COMPOSITIONS OF SOURCE SMOKE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST FIRES; EMISSIONS AB While the Kuwaiti oil-fire smoke plumes manifested a pronounced impact on solar radiation in the Gulf region (visibility, surface temperatures, etc.), smoke plume concentrations of combustion-generated pollutants suggest that the overall chemical impact on the atmosphere of the smoke from these fires was probably much less than anticipated. Combustion in the Kuwaiti oil fires was surprisingly efficient, releasing on average more than 93% of the combusted hydrocarbon fuels as carbon dioxide (CO2). Correspondingly, combustion-produced quantities of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbonaceous particles were low, each approximately 2% by weight. The fraction of methane (CH4) produced by the fires was also relatively low (approximately 0.2%), but source emissions of nonmethane hydrocarbons were high (approximately 2%). Processes other than combustion (e.g., volatilization) probably contributed significantly to the measured in-plume hydrocarbon concentrations. Substantially different elemental to organic carbon ratios were obtained for aerosol particles from several different types of fires/smokes. Sulfur emissions (particulate and gaseous) measured at the source fires were lower (approximately 0.5%) than predicted based on average sulfur contents in the crude. Sulfur dioxide measurements (SO2) reported herein, however, were both limited in actual number and in the number of well fires sampled. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the Kuwaiti oil fires were very low and often could not be distinguished from background concentrations. About 25-30% of the fires produced white smoke plumes that were found to be highly enriched in sodium and calcium chlorides. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. HUGHES STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA. KUWAIT ENVIRONM PROTECT DEPT,KUWAIT,KUWAIT. OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,GLOBAL CHANGE RES CTR,BEAVERTON,OR. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP COFER, WR (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D13 BP 14521 EP 14525 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP896 UT WOS:A1992JP89600007 ER PT J AU RICE, EW JOHNSON, CJ CLARK, RM FOX, KR REASONER, DJ DUNNIGAN, ME PANIGRAHI, P JOHNSON, JA MORRIS, JG AF RICE, EW JOHNSON, CJ CLARK, RM FOX, KR REASONER, DJ DUNNIGAN, ME PANIGRAHI, P JOHNSON, JA MORRIS, JG TI CHLORINE AND SURVIVAL OF RUGOSE VIBRIO-CHOLERAE SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 3 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 19 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8821 BP 740 EP 740 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92289-R PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JN780 UT WOS:A1992JN78000060 PM 1355849 ER PT J AU LUKASEWYCZ, M DURHAN, E AF LUKASEWYCZ, M DURHAN, E TI STRATEGIES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF NONPOLAR TOXICANTS IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES USING TOXICITY-BASED FRACTIONATION AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; WATER; EFFLUENTS; ORGANICS; SCHEME AB Toxicity-based fractionation is a useful tool for the isolation and identification of non-polar organic compounds that are present at toxic concentrations in aqueous environmental samples. Methods for isolating such toxicants from the aqueous sample matrix and techniques for fractionating the compounds for the purpose of reducing the complexity of the sample matrix and thus facilitating identification are evaluated. Strategies for analyzing gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric data and confirming toxicant identification are presented. Studies that use toxicity-based fractionation for identifying the cause of toxicity in aqueous environmental samples such as municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant effluents and ambient waters are discussed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP LUKASEWYCZ, M (reprint author), ASCI CORP,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD SEP 16 PY 1992 VL 580 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80536-Y PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JP568 UT WOS:A1992JP56800012 PM 1400823 ER PT J AU COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L HAMILTON, TA BAADSGAARD, O TERHUNE, M LEVEE, G ANDERSON, T KOREN, H AF COOPER, KD OBERHELMAN, L HAMILTON, TA BAADSGAARD, O TERHUNE, M LEVEE, G ANDERSON, T KOREN, H TI UV EXPOSURE REDUCES IMMUNIZATION RATES AND PROMOTES TOLERANCE TO EPICUTANEOUS ANTIGENS IN HUMANS - RELATIONSHIP TO DOSE, CD1A-DR+ EPIDERMAL MACROPHAGE INDUCTION, AND LANGERHANS CELL DEPLETION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY; OZONE DEPLETION; CONTACT SENSITIVITY; LYMPHOCYTES-T; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS ID CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SKIN-CANCER; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PHOTO-IMMUNOLOGY; T-CELLS; INVIVO; LIGHT; CARCINOGENESIS; IRRADIATION AB Increasing UVB radiation at the earth's surface might have adverse effects on in vivo immunologic responses in humans. We prospectively randomized subjects to test whether epicutaneous immunization is altered by prior administration of biologically equalized doses of UV radiation. Multiple doses of antigens on upper inner arm skin (UV protected) were used to elicit contact sensitivity responses, which were quantitated by measuring increases in skin thickness. If a dose of UVB sufficient to induce redness (erythemagenic) was administered to the immunization site prior to sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), we noted a marked reduction in the degree of sensitization (P < 0.0006) that was highly dose responsive (r = 0.98). Even suberythemagenic UV (less than a visible sunburn) resulted in a decreased frequency of strongly positive responses (32%) as compared to controls (73%) (P = 0.019). The rate of immunologic tolerance to DNCB (active suppression of a subsequent repeat immunization) in the groups that were initially sensitized on skin receiving erythemagenic doses of UV was 31% (P = 0.0003). In addition, a localized moderate sunburn appeared to modulate immunization with diphenylcyclopropenone through a distant, unirradiated site (41% weak responses) as compared to the control group (9%) (P = 0.05). Monitoring antigen presenting cell content in the epidermis revealed that erythemagenic regimens induced CD1a-DR+ macrophages and depleted Langerhans cells. In conclusion, relevant and even subclinical levels of UV exposure have significant down modulatory effects on the ability of humans to generate a T-cell-mediated response to antigens introduced through irradiated skin. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP COOPER, KD (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,IMMUNODERMATOL UNIT,R5548 KRESGE 1,BOX 0530,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. FU PHS HHS [86-2502-J1-1K08] NR 46 TC 293 Z9 296 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 18 BP 8497 EP 8501 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.18.8497 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JN503 UT WOS:A1992JN50300019 PM 1382291 ER PT J AU CLAUSSEN, EB AF CLAUSSEN, EB TI FRIGID AIR SO NATION LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD SEP 14 PY 1992 VL 255 IS 7 BP 230 EP 230 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA JK914 UT WOS:A1992JK91400003 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, R AF JANSSEN, R TI GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY IN THE DEVELOPING RAT COCHLEA IS ANTAGONIZED BY KYNURENIC ACID AND MK-801 SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COCHLEA; GLUTAMATE; EXCITOTOXICITY; GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY; OTOTOXICITY; KYNURENIC ACID; MK-801 ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA; MONOSODIUM-L-GLUTAMATE; NMDA-BINDING-SITES; AUDITORY-NERVE; KAINIC ACID; CEREBROCORTICAL NEURONS; QUINOLINIC ACID; AMINO-ACIDS AB Glutamate (Glu) is neurotoxic in the neonatal rat cochlea, producing hearing impairment which is largely due to the death of spiral ganglion cells, whereas the receptor hair cells are spared. Dendritic processes of the spiral ganglion are postsynaptic to the primary afferent synapse of the auditory system. The experiments reported here were designed to test whether this apparent excitotoxicity can be blocked by Glu antagonists. The broad-spectrum antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) was coadministered with Glu initially to determine whether the high-frequency hearing deficit caused by Glu may be mediated by excitatory amino acid receptors. Subsequently, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-specific receptor blocker MK-801 was used to test whether NMDA receptors may be involved in the effect. Both antagonists partially blocked the high-frequency hearing impairment caused by Glu. The blocker-alone control groups exhibited mid-frequency effects of unknown origin. The significant antagonism of Glu-induced impairment is consistent with the hypothesis that Glu or a similar excitatory amino acid is an important afferent transmitter in the cochlea. RP JANSSEN, R (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD SEP 11 PY 1992 VL 590 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91096-W PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JP668 UT WOS:A1992JP66800023 PM 1358402 ER PT J AU GURKA, DF PYLE, SM TITUS, R AF GURKA, DF PYLE, SM TITUS, R TI ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS BY DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETER; SELF CHEMICAL IONIZATION; SYSTEM AB The precision, sensitivity, and utility of analyzing water-soluble environmental contaminants by direct aqueous injection (DAI) gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (GC/FT-IR) and gas chromatography/ion trap spectrometry (GC/ITS) has been investigated. Thirteen low molecular weight, highly water-soluble, or poorly-purgeable compounds were studied. DAI results for GC/FT-IR and GC/ITS were collected on a single day at four concentration levels and subjected to regression analysis. Mean regression correlation coefficients for Gram-Schmidt (GS), maximum absorbance (MA), and ion trap full scan quantification approaches were 0.9882, 0.9895, and 0.9670, respectively. Ion trap linear dynamic ranges exceeded four decades. GC/FT-IR identification limits ranged from 5 to 100 ng while the detection limits for the ion trap were 8-400 pg. A 5-day test of DAI ruggedness was carried out using both spectral approaches. Percent relative standard deviation ( % RSD) ranged from 3.5 to 21.1 for GS, from 1.2 to 7.4 for MA, and from 2.3 to 18.7 for GC/ITS. Mean % RSD values for GS, MA, and GC/ITS were 10.5, 2.5, and 8.0, respectively. An environmental sample analyzed by GC/FT-IR detected one analyte while GC/ITS detected a significant number of analytes. The GC/ITS results were compared to those obtained from quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of methylene chloride extracts derived from the same sample. RP GURKA, DF (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE,944 E HARMON,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 17 BP 1749 EP 1754 DI 10.1021/ac00041a003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JK796 UT WOS:A1992JK79600004 ER PT J AU KETTERER, ME BIDDLE, DA AF KETTERER, ME BIDDLE, DA TI MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY .2. EFFECT OF CHANGES IN ABUNDANCES OF INTERFERING POLYATOMIC IONS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECIATION AB Two multivariate calibration methods, multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal components regression (PCR), are applied to the determination of cadmium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the presence of interfering polyatomic MoO+ ions. The effect of changes in MoO+/Mo+ brought about by varying instrumental conditions and sample matrix content is examined. It is found that both MLR and PCR enable the accurate determination of Cd in the presence of Mo even in the presence of large variations in MoO+/Mo+; changes in MoO+/Mo+ lead to erroneous concentrations for Mo but not for Cd. The use of Th as an internal standard for correction of biased Mo concentrations arising from changes in MoO+/Mo+ is studied; It is found that normalization of the Mo concentration based upon the measured ThO+/Th+ improves the determinations of Mo under conditions where MoO+/Mo+ varies. RP KETTERER, ME (reprint author), US EPA,NATL ENFORCEMENT INVEST CTR,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25227,BLDG 53,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 17 BP 1819 EP 1823 DI 10.1021/ac00041a014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JK796 UT WOS:A1992JK79600015 ER PT J AU GENTHNER, FJ MIDDAUGH, DP AF GENTHNER, FJ MIDDAUGH, DP TI EFFECTS OF BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA ON EMBRYOS OF THE INLAND SILVERSIDE FISH (MENIDIA-BERYLLINA) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; MOSQUITO LARVAE; SELF-INHIBITOR; EGGS; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; GERMINATION; TERBUFOS; CREOSOTE AB A chemical toxicity and teratogenicity test was adapted to assess potential adverse effects of a microbial pest control agent on a nontarget fish. Developing embryos of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, were exposed to conidiospores of the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Embryo rupture and death were observed. Embryo rupture did not always result in death, nor was death always associated with embryo rupture. Adherence of spores to the chorion, followed by germination and penetration by the germ tube, probably caused the embryos to rupture. Statistically significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) responses were observed in tests in which conidiospore concentrations were greater-than-or-equal-to 8.3 x 10(4) or less-than-or-equal-to 1.5 x 10(6)/ml. Conidiospores treated with a dispersant (biological detergent) showed significantly less binding (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) to embryos than did untreated spores. Both detergent-treated and heat-killed spores failed to cause significant adverse effects. RP GENTHNER, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 58 IS 9 BP 2840 EP 2845 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JL632 UT WOS:A1992JL63200020 PM 1444395 ER PT J AU EDNEY, EO CHEEK, SF STILES, DC CORSE, EW AF EDNEY, EO CHEEK, SF STILES, DC CORSE, EW TI FIELD-STUDY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE IMPACT OF SHAPE, SIZE AND ORIENTATION ON DRY DEPOSITION INDUCED CORROSION OF GALVANIZED STEEL SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE CORROSION; GALVANIZED STEEL; DRY DEPOSITION; FIELD STUDY AB A controlled field study was conducted at Research Triangle Park, NC, to determine how shape, size and orientation of galvanized steel structures affect (1) dry deposition of SOx and NOx compounds and (2) dissolution of Zn corrosion products resulting from such deposition. Thirteen structures of various shapes, sizes and orientations were exposed to dry deposition only for 100 weeks, during which they were rinsed with deionized water every 2 weeks and the rinses were analysed for Zn, Ca, and their ionic contents. The rinse data are consistent with size, orientation and exposure history affecting dry deposition of SO42-precursors such as SO2. Dry deposition of precursors of surface NO3-, including HNO3, is affected by structure size. A model regression equation is presented that shows that Zn dissolution can be explained in terms of the SO42- and NO3- rinse concentrations. The experimental results suggest that there is likely to be some error associated with extrapolating galvanized steel test panel results to actual structures. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP EDNEY, EO (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 13 BP 2353 EP 2363 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90365-R PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JJ469 UT WOS:A1992JJ46900009 ER PT J AU CHANG, JCS GUO, ZS AF CHANG, JCS GUO, ZS TI MODELING OF THE FAST ORGANIC EMISSIONS FROM A WOOD-FINISHING PRODUCT - FLOOR WAX SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; INDOOR AIR QUALITY; FLOOR WAX EMISSIONS; SINKS; SOURCES; MODELING AB Environmental chamber and full-scale residential house tests were conducted to evaluate the fast organic emissions from a wood-finishing product-floor wax. For the environmental chamber tests, a very small amount (< 5 g m-2) of the wax was applied to an aluminum plate. It was found that the chamber exit organic concentrations can be estimated by a model with an initial condition of instant organic emissions. The model was applied to the house data to interpret the octane and nonane emissions. Significant sink effects were found in the house that prolonged the elevated octane and nonane concentrations for more than 2 days. C1 ACUREX CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CHANG, JCS (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 13 BP 2365 EP 2370 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90366-S PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JJ469 UT WOS:A1992JJ46900010 ER PT J AU KASHMANIAN, R AF KASHMANIAN, R TI COMPOSTING AND AGRICULTURE CONVERGE SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP KASHMANIAN, R (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD SEP PY 1992 VL 33 IS 9 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA JP007 UT WOS:A1992JP00700006 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, CW RHODES, AN AF HENDRICKS, CW RHODES, AN TI EFFECT OF GLYPHOSATE AND NITRAPYRIN ON SELECTED BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS IN CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; NITRIFICATION; NITRIFIERS RP HENDRICKS, CW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 49 IS 3 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JE872 UT WOS:A1992JE87200014 PM 1498479 ER PT J AU MARDEN, BT FOWLES, J FAIRBROTHER, A AF MARDEN, BT FOWLES, J FAIRBROTHER, A TI [H-3] N-METHYLSCOPOLAMINE BINDING TO HEART ATRIUM AND 4 BRAIN-REGIONS FROM THE MALLARD (ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; RAT-BRAIN; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHOLINERGIC BINDING; CORPUS STRIATUM; LYMPHOCYTES; MODULATION; MALATHION; AFFINITY; SUBTYPES AB 1. Binding characteristics of membrane preparations from four brain regions and heart (HT) right artria from mallard ducks were documented using the muscarinic ligand [H-3]N-methylscopolamine ([H-3]NMS). 2. Brain regions used were: cerebellum (CL), medulla/pons (MP), corpus striatum (CS), and hippocampus (HI). Cholinesterase (ChE) activity from these same tissues was also measured. 3. High affinity binding sites were identified in all tissue preparations, and were shown to be saturable and linear. Maximal number of [H-3]NMS binding sites (B(max)) (fmoles [H-3]NMS/mg protein) were: CL = 90.6, MP = 104.1, HI = 276.0, CS = 229.3, HT = 65.52. Dissociation constants (K(D)) (nM [H-3]NMS) for the same tissues were: CL = 0.204, MP = 0.293, HI = 0.347, CS = 0. 163, HT = 0.447. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,TOXICOL PROGRAM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP MARDEN, BT (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 103 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90238-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA JW243 UT WOS:A1992JW24300020 ER PT J AU DAI, QJ CORONEL, VP VERGARA, BS BARNES, PW QUINTOS, AT AF DAI, QJ CORONEL, VP VERGARA, BS BARNES, PW QUINTOS, AT TI ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF 4 RICE CULTIVARS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROP PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY; IRRADIANCE; RESPONSES AB Enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation, such as could be caused by stratospheric 03 depletion, has been demonstrated to profoundly affect plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of UV-B on four high-yielding, lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (IR30, IR45, IR64, and IR74), and to evaluate morphological and physiological parameters for identifying sensitive and less-sensitive genotypes in future screenings. Ultraviolet-B radiation was supplied by UV-B-emitting fluorescent lamps in the phytotron. Plant height, leaf area, dry weight, net assimilation rate (NAR), and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly influenced by 4-wk UV-B treatment in some cultivars. Based on the relative change in total biomass production between UV-B-irradiated and control plants, cultivar IR74 was the most sensitive and cultivar IR64 the least sensitive. Biomass production, however, did not proportionally decrease with plant height under UV-B treatment. Changes in plant height and leaf area induced by UV-B can alter the rice plant canopy structure. Differential varietal response was found in shoot dry weight, leaf area, specific leaf weight (SLW), NAR, and RGR. These parameters can be used as selection criteria for rice cultivars less sensitive to UV-B. Most physiological and biochemical parameters evaluated, including root-oxidizing activity, soluble protein, nucleic acid, ion leakage, stomatal aperture, and flavonoid and chlorophyll contents, were affected by 2 wk of UV-B treatment and gave differential cultivar responses. The distinct responses and relative ease in measurement of stomatal opening and ion leakage make these parameters suitable indices in selecting rice cultivars less sensitive to UV-B after 2 wk of UV-B treatment. C1 INT RICE RES INST,DIV AGRON PLANT PHYSIOL & AGROECOL,POB 933,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. JIANGSU ACAD AGR SCI,CHINA,PEOPLES R CHINA. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 27 TC 65 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1274 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800040 ER PT J AU SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J AF SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J TI THE ROLE OF POLLUTION IN LARGE-SCALE POPULATION DISTURBANCES .2. TERRESTRIAL POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIANS C1 UNIV PENN,BEHAV NEUROSCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SAROKIN, D (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1694 EP 1701 DI 10.1021/es00033a001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL086 UT WOS:A1992JL08600002 ER PT J AU DRISCOLL, W MUSHAK, P GARFIAS, J ROTHENBERG, SJ AF DRISCOLL, W MUSHAK, P GARFIAS, J ROTHENBERG, SJ TI REDUCING LEAD IN GASOLINE - MEXICO EXPERIENCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US DEPT JUSTICE,MET TOXICOL & RISK ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20530. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV N CAROLINA,ENVIRONM PATHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,CHEM ENGN,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. NATL INST PERINATOL,DEPT DEV NEUROBIOL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. STATE DEV RES INST,COSTA MESA,CA. RP DRISCOLL, W (reprint author), ICF INC,FAIRFAX,VA, USA. RI Rothenberg, Stephen/A-1313-2008 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1702 EP 1705 DI 10.1021/es00033a002 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL086 UT WOS:A1992JL08600003 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT BURKHARD, LP AF ANKLEY, GT BURKHARD, LP TI IDENTIFICATION OF SURFACTANTS AS TOXICANTS IN A PRIMARY EFFLUENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE EFFLUENT; TOXICITY; TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION (TIE); SURFACTANTS ID LINEAR ALKYLBENZENESULFONATES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC TOXICITY; BIODEGRADATION AB A partial toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was conducted with a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) effluent that received no secondary treatment. The effluent was consistently acutely toxic to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia. Initial Phase I toxicity characterization and Phase II identification work with Ceriodaphnia dubia suggested that surfactants were responsible for a significant portion of the toxicity of the effluent. Subsequent experiments concerning the behavior of various mixtures of surfactants in Phase I and Phase II TIE procedures provided additional evidence that these compounds were important determinants of toxicity of the POTW effluent. Finally, measurement of two general classes of surfactants in the test effluent (anionic, nonionic) indicated that there were sufficient concentrations of these compounds to be of toxicological concern. The identification of surfactants as potentially important toxicants in a primary effluent is not particularly surprising in light of their concentrations in untreated or inadequately treated wastewater. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1235 EP 1248 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1235:IOSATI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JH920 UT WOS:A1992JH92000004 ER PT J AU KILBRIDE, KM CRAWFORD, JA WILLIAMS, BA AF KILBRIDE, KM CRAWFORD, JA WILLIAMS, BA TI RESPONSE OF FEMALE CALIFORNIA QUAIL (CALLIPEPLA-CALIFORNICA) TO METHYL PARATHION TREATMENT OF THEIR HOME RANGES DURING THE NESTING PERIOD SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; METHYL PARATHION; RADIO-TRACKING; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CALLIPEPLA-CALIFORNICA ID ORGANO-PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; LAUGHING GULLS; REPRODUCTION; FIELDS; INCUBATION; ACCURACY; BEHAVIOR AB Fifty-eight female California quail (Callipepla californica) were trapped and fitted with transmitters at the E.E. Wilson Wildlife Area, Oregon, from April to July in 1988 and in 1989. Radiotelemetry was used to monitor hen movements daily throughout two breeding seasons (May to mid-August). Home ranges for the first half of incubation for 15 of 22 nesting hens were treated with methyl parathion 4E (n = 7) or water (n = 8) at a rate of 0.56 kg active ingredient per hectare. No measurable effects were found for nest attentiveness from pre- to post-treatment period within the methyl parathion (p = 0.47) and water (p = 0.57) groups and use of treated areas between groups (p = 1.00). Also, no measurable effects were found for rates of nest success (p = 0.61), nest abandonment (p = 0.20), and recruitment to 15 d post-hatch (p = 0.40) between the methyl parathion and water groups. However, a lower hatching rate (p = 0.02) was found in eggs from hens in the methyl parathion group. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1343 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1337:ROFCQC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JH920 UT WOS:A1992JH92000014 ER PT J AU WEBER, DE FLEMER, DA BUNDRICK, CM AF WEBER, DE FLEMER, DA BUNDRICK, CM TI COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DRILLING-FLUID ON MACROBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEAGRASS, THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM, IN THE LABORATORY AND FIELD SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MACROBENTHOS; SEAGRASS; COMMUNITY; DRILLING MUD; SANTA-ROSA SOUND; FLORIDA ID COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM; ESTUARY C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT STAT,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. RP WEBER, DE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80051-4 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JN482 UT WOS:A1992JN48200007 ER PT J AU CHAMBLESS, DA DUBOSE, SS SENSINTAFFAR, EL AF CHAMBLESS, DA DUBOSE, SS SENSINTAFFAR, EL TI DETECTION LIMIT CONCEPTS - FOUNDATIONS, MYTHS, AND UTILIZATION SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE RADIATION, BACKGROUND; INSTRUMENTATION; RADIOACTIVITY, ENVIRONMENTAL; CALIBRATION AB Detection limit parameters such as the minimum detectable concentration have been widely discussed in the literature for more than 30 y. Misunderstanding and misapplication of these parameters continue to be widespread and, indeed, even encoded into computer programs, especially those developed in recent years for use with PC-based analyzer boards. This brief review of the principal concepts related to the most common types of detection limits provides guidance for correctly using these parameters. In particular, several myths concerning issues such as the "sample-specific minimum detectable concentration" and the "unreliability" of measurements made below this concentration are discussed. C1 COMP SCI CORP, ENVIRONM INFORMAT TECHNOL SERV, MONTGOMERY, AL 36115 USA. US EPA, NATL AIR & RADIAT ENVIRONM LAB, MONTGOMERY, AL 36115 USA. RP CHAMBLESS, DA (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV, DEPT MATH, MONTGOMERY, AL 36117 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 63 IS 3 BP 338 EP 340 DI 10.1097/00004032-199209000-00010 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JJ929 UT WOS:A1992JJ92900011 PM 1644571 ER PT J AU FARLAND, WH WILTSE, JA AF FARLAND, WH WILTSE, JA TI CARCINOGEN CLASSIFICATION SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP FARLAND, WH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 9 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA JU490 UT WOS:A1992JU49000005 ER PT J AU BOUCHARD, DC WILLIAMS, MK SURAMPALLI, RY AF BOUCHARD, DC WILLIAMS, MK SURAMPALLI, RY TI NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER - SOURCES AND POTENTIAL HEALTH-EFFECTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; INFANT AB Because nitrate contamination of groundwater is pandemic and the costs associated with remediating groundwater are high, the question of risk to human health from nitrate needs to be addressed. In order to prevent methemoglobinemia (an acute toxic response to nitrite exposure that precludes transport of oxygen by the blood), the US Environmental Protection Agency has set the maximum contaminant level for nitrate in drinking water at 10 mg nitrate-N/L. However, it is quite common for groundwater in agricultural areas to exceed this standard at some time during the year. A. relationship between nitrate intake and cancer has not been conclusively demonstrated, but some evidence points to a linkage. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,BOX 17-2141,KANSAS CITY,KS 66117. NR 42 TC 125 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 84 IS 9 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JN999 UT WOS:A1992JN99900023 ER PT J AU QI, S SNOEYINK, VL BECK, EA KOFFSKEY, WE LYKINS, BW AF QI, S SNOEYINK, VL BECK, EA KOFFSKEY, WE LYKINS, BW TI USING ISOTHERMS TO PREDICT GACS CAPACITY FOR SYNTHETIC ORGANICS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION AB This investigation involved operating a pilot granular activated carbon (GAC) plant to obtain capacity data under typical field conditions, determining isotherms for selected synthetic organic chemicals, and comparing the capacity predicted by the isotherm data with the pilot-plant capacity data. The pilot-plant GAC capacities at saturation for empty bed contact times of 2.5 to 5.0 min were within a factor of 2.5 of the isotherm capacities. This is reasonably good agreement, considering that the displacement effects that take place in the GAC columns are not accounted for in the isotherm calculations. C1 WATER DEPT,JEFFERSON,LA 70121. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP QI, S (reprint author), HAZARDOUS WASTE RES & INFORMAT CTR,1 HAZELWOOD DR,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. RI Qi, Shaoying/A-2837-2008 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 84 IS 9 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JN999 UT WOS:A1992JN99900026 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z AF MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z TI COMMENTS ON RECENT DATA FOR PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN HUMAN NASAL PASSAGES SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE AEROSOLS; MOUTH; NOSE AB The deposition of inhaled particles within human nasal passages has important toxicologic and pharmacologic applications. However, experimental data quantitating factors affecting ultrafine particle deposition in the nose are rare. We have evaluated findings from investigations employing either replica nasopharyngeal (NP) casts or surrogate model airways and compared them to each other and to human subject results. For ultrafine particles, studies using casts and models are incompatible, measured deposition values from the latter being lower by an entire order of magnitude. Possible sources of discrepancies between the data are suggested herein. Studies with diverse nasal replicates, however, have yielded consistent deposition data over a wide particle size range, about 0.005-7 mum. Cast experiments underestimate, but in a systematic manner, in vivo information over a 0.5-3 mum interval. It is recommended that NP replica cast data be used to simulate human passages. For extrapolation modeling purposes, an original empirical formula based upon a logistic theory is derived which describes deposition over a particle size range of three orders of magnitude. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 23 IS 6 BP 667 EP 674 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(92)90033-R PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ439 UT WOS:A1992JQ43900008 ER PT J AU KLINEFELTER, GR ROBERTS, NL SUAREZ, JD AF KLINEFELTER, GR ROBERTS, NL SUAREZ, JD TI DIRECT EFFECTS OF ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE ON EPIDIDYMAL FUNCTION IN ADULT-RATS - AN INVITRO DEMONSTRATION SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE; SPERM; MATURATION; PROTEIN; MOTILITY; COCULTURE ID LEYDIG-CELLS; ETHYLENE DIMETHANESULFONATE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORGAN-CULTURE; PROTEINS; SPERMATOZOA; TESTOSTERONE; ENVIRONMENT; MAINTENANCE; TUBULES AB It was recently demonstrated that the Leydig cell toxicant ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS) produces multiple effects on the epididymis after a single in vivo exposure. To determine whether any of the perturbations were mediated by a direct action of the compound, we used a novel system for the coculture of epididymal epithelial cells and sperm from the caput epididymidis. This system maintains the morphologic integrity and cell polarity of the epididymal epithelial cells before and during coculture, and the sperm recovered after coculture have intact plasma and acrosomal membranes. In addition, several functions required for epididymal sperm maturation are expressed, including the secretion of protein by the epididymal epithelium, the association of secreted protein with the plasma membrane of cocultured sperm, and the acquisition of progressive motility by cocultured sperm. In vitro exposure of epididymal epithelial cells and sperm to EDS results in a significant decline in protein secretion by the epithelial cells during coculture, and in particular, a dose-dependent decline in a 36- to 38-kd protein (PI 4.0 to 4.5) and a 34- to 36-kd protein (PI 4.5 to 5.0). Moreover, these and other proteins are not recovered from the sperm membrane of cocultured sperm after EDS treatment. Finally, EDS results in a dose-dependent decline in the percentage of both motile and progressively motile sperm recovered after coculture compared with that of sperm from untreated cocultures. These effects on sperm motility were not observed when sperm were pretreated with EDS and subsequently cocultured with untreated epithelial cells. We conclude that EDS alters epididymal sperm maturation by acting directly on the epididymal epithelium to mediate changes in sperm membrane protein, and that this may subsequently alter the development of the progressive motility of sperm. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP KLINEFELTER, GR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 5 BP 409 EP 421 PG 13 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JR626 UT WOS:A1992JR62600007 PM 1331010 ER PT J AU EDGELL, KW ERB, EJ LONGBOTTOM, JE LOPEZAVILA, V AF EDGELL, KW ERB, EJ LONGBOTTOM, JE LOPEZAVILA, V TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES IN FINISHED DRINKING WATERS - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/AOAC International collaborative study was conducted on EPA National Pesticide Survey Method 4, Determination of Pesticides in Finished Drinking Water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with an Ultraviolet Detector, to determine mean recovery and precision for analyses of 18 pesticides and metabolites in reagent water and finished drinking waters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative studies of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with 18 pesticides and metabolites at 6 concentration levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. Ten volunteer laboratories extracted the spiked test waters with methylene chloride, performed a solvent exchange with methanol, and analyzed an aliquot of each extract by liquid chromatography using an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm. Results were analyzed using an EPA computer program that calculated recovery and precision for each of the 18 compounds and compared method performance between water types. The method was judged useable for all analytes tested. Recoveries were good for 16 of the analytes. The method exhibited poor recovery but acceptable between-laboratory precision for metribuzin DADK and metribuzin DK. The method performance statistics for carbofuran phenol and linuron were calculated to be significantly different for reagent water and finished drinking water. Similar statistical differences were observed for metribuzin DADK, but these effects were not considered of practical significance due to the poor recovery (<25%) in both waters. In reagent water, the overall relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) range was 7.8-24.1% for all 18 compounds and 5.5-38.6% in finished drinking water. The single-analyst relative standard deviations (RSD(r)) range was 5.7-17.6% in reagent water and 4.0-18.7% in finished drinking water. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC international. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. MID PACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA 94043. RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 5 BP 858 EP 871 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JQ076 UT WOS:A1992JQ07600019 ER PT J AU HAMRICK, KJ KOLLIG, HP BARTELL, BA AF HAMRICK, KJ KOLLIG, HP BARTELL, BA TI COMPUTERIZED EXTRAPOLATION OF HYDROLYSIS RATE DATA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The program RATE was developed to aid in the extrapolation and interpretation of hydrolysis rate data to a format that is useful for environmental risk assessment. Hydrolysis data typically are reported in the literature as pseudo-first-order rate constants at the temperature and pH of the reaction medium used to obtain the kinetic information. The utility of RATE lies in its ability to estimate first-order rate constants at other values of temperature and pH and to convert pseudo-first-order rate constants to second-order rate constants. RATE will also calculate the half-life for the overall reaction, including neutral-, base-, and acid-mediated hydrolysis, at any selected temperature and pH. RATE, programed in FORTRAN, is used to systematically analyze data for entry in FATE, a comprehensive environmental fate constants information system database. RP HAMRICK, KJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1021/ci00009a018 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA JQ760 UT WOS:A1992JQ76000018 ER PT J AU HO, JS TANG, PH AF HO, JS TANG, PH TI OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS FROM A LIQUID SOLID EXTRACTION CARTRIDGE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HO, JS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 6 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 9 BP 344 EP 350 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JM868 UT WOS:A1992JM86800003 ER PT J AU LOVELL, JS REGISTER, TJ MCCUTCHEON, SC BARNWELL, TO AF LOVELL, JS REGISTER, TJ MCCUTCHEON, SC BARNWELL, TO TI ACCURATE METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF SATURATION DO - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 US EPA,ENVIR RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP LOVELL, JS (reprint author), GILMAN PAPER CO,BOX 878,ST MARYS,GA 31558, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 5 BP 822 EP 824 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:5(822) PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP935 UT WOS:A1992JP93500013 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, WG AF ROSENBERG, WG TI RESPONDING TO RIO SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP ROSENBERG, WG (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1142 EP 1143 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP445 UT WOS:A1992JP44500001 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, H AF FREEMAN, H TI INDUSTRIAL-POLLUTION PREVENTION - CLOSING REMARKS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP FREEMAN, H (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1171 EP 1172 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP445 UT WOS:A1992JP44500007 ER PT J AU MCELROY, JL MCGOWN, MR AF MCELROY, JL MCGOWN, MR TI APPLICATION OF AIRBORNE LIDAR IN PARTICULATE AIR-QUALITY PROBLEM DELINEATION, MONITORING NETWORK DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGY-DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) data were collected during two field programs in 1989 in the border metropolitan area comprising El Paso (U.S.) and Ciudad Juarez (Mexico) These data were utilized to provide estimates of suspended particulate distributions in the presence of historical data with limited spatial and temporal density in the U.S. and almost no historical data in Mexico. The resulting information was used to help ascertain the magnitude and spatial extent of the particulate air quality problem and to help determine the number and disposition of recommended permanent particulate monitors in the area. The results support the hypothesis that, given a few representative measurements for calibration, airborne lidar might be used in specific situations to develop detailed concentration patterns and to provide useful estimates of pollutant flux, when combined with appropriate measurements of wind velocity profiles. Such information, in turn should be useful for the development of control strategies for potential alleviation of particulate air quality problems C1 UNIV NEVADA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP MCELROY, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,ACT REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1186 EP 1192 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP445 UT WOS:A1992JP44500010 ER PT J AU JAYANTY, RKM ALBRITTON, JR STRALEY, YH VONLEHMDEN, DJ AF JAYANTY, RKM ALBRITTON, JR STRALEY, YH VONLEHMDEN, DJ TI STABILITY OF PPB AND PPM ORGANIC CYLINDER GASES USED FOR CALIBRATION AND AUDITS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRIAL BURN TESTS; QUALITY ASSURANCE AB A repository of 39 and 34 gaseous organic compounds in compressed gas cylinders at PPM (5 to 700) and PPB levels (1 to 10,000) respectively, has been established by EPA tor use in performance audits. In this program, to ensure that the concentration of each gas standard has not changed, each standard is periodically analyzed for stability. The gas mixtures were initially analyzed once or twice by the manufacturer before shipment to Research Triangle Institute (RTI). The gas mixtures were then analyzed at RTI upon receipt from the gas manufacturer and then reanalyzed at 2, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter, to determine any change in concentration An examination of the stability data shows that concentrations for all the organics tested usually varied by less than 1 0 percent over a period of several years. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and trans 1,4-dichloro-2-butene below the 10 ppb level have been found to be unstable. Six other compounds at the PPM level (aniline, cyclohexanone p-dichlorobenzene, ethyl-amine, 1,2-dibromoethylene, and formaldehyde) have been found to be unstable in compressed gas cylinders C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JAYANTY, RKM (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1198 EP 1204 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP445 UT WOS:A1992JP44500012 ER PT J AU CHANG, JCS KREBS, KA AF CHANG, JCS KREBS, KA TI EVALUATION OF PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE EMISSIONS FROM SOLID MOTH REPELLENT AS A SOURCE OF INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP CHANG, JCS (reprint author), US EPA, AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB, MD-54, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1214 EP 1217 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP445 UT WOS:A1992JP44500015 ER PT J AU WATERMAN, JD PATTERSON, CL AF WATERMAN, JD PATTERSON, CL TI WASTE ANALYSIS PLAN REVIEW ADVISER - AN INTELLIGENT DATABASE TO ASSIST RCRA PERMIT REVIEWERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Waste Analysis Plan Review Advisor (WAPRA) system assists in the review of the Waste Analysis Plan Section of RCRA Part B facility permit applications. Specifically, this program automates two functions of the waste analysis plan review. First, the system checks all wastes which will be processed in the same treatment or disposal unit to identify possible chemical interactions which might pose a health threat to unit operators or degrade the performance of the waste processing unit. Second, sampling methods are analyzed and judged for appropriateness based on guidelines in EPA Reference SW-846. WAPRA is best classified as an intelligent database. It contains the expertise of a chemist in a menu-driven user-friendly interface. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CTR HILL RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45224. RP WATERMAN, JD (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1250 EP 1253 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP445 UT WOS:A1992JP44500017 ER PT J AU HO, JS BEHYMER, TD BUDDE, WL BELLAR, TA AF HO, JS BEHYMER, TD BUDDE, WL BELLAR, TA TI MASS-TRANSPORT AND CALIBRATION IN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY PARTICLE BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL GENERATION INTERFACE; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION AB Differences in the designs of two liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry systems result in differences in the transport of ammonium acetate and differences in ion abundance-enhancing carrier effects. The effect of mobile phase composition, especially the, proportion of water in the mobile phase, on transport efficiency is described. Instrument detection limits for 12 compounds with two different interface designs are presented. The calibrations are generally nonlinear explained in terms of mass transport effects and supported by experiments with isotopically labeled species that coelute with the native species. Summary results of a small multilaboratory study are presented. Calibration with isotopically labeled internal standards is recommended for real-world environmental samples. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, OFF RES & DEV, 26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR, CINCINNATI, OH 45628 USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 IS 6 BP 662 EP 671 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(92)85008-8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JL242 UT WOS:A1992JL24200008 PM 24234571 ER PT J AU HUGHES, MF SHRIVASTAVA, SP SUMLER, MR EDWARDS, BC GOODWIN, JH SHAH, PV FISHER, HL HALL, LL AF HUGHES, MF SHRIVASTAVA, SP SUMLER, MR EDWARDS, BC GOODWIN, JH SHAH, PV FISHER, HL HALL, LL TI DERMAL ABSORPTION OF CHEMICALS - EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS AS A SOLID, AQUEOUS PASTE, SUSPENSION, OR IN VOLATILE VEHICLE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; ADULT-RATS; SKIN; PENETRATION; PERMEABILITY; YOUNG AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the dermal absorption of chemicals in different physical forms when applied to female F344 rats. Chemicals were applied either as a solid, aqueous paste, suspension, or dissolved in the volatile vehicle ethanol. The chemicals investigated were [C-14]-2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP, 4.2 mumol), 2,4,5,2',4',5'-[C-14]-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB, 2.3 mumol), and 3,4,3',4'-[C-14]-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB, 0.5 mumol). The chemicals were applied on the clipped mid-dorsal region of the rat over a 2.54-cm2 treatment area, which was then occluded Urine and feces were collected and assayed for radioactivity. Twenty-four hours post-application, the treated skin was washed with a mixture (1 : 1) of soap and water, dried, and reoccluded. The animals were sacrificed at 120 h by exsanguination under ether anesthesia. Radioactivity in the blood, skin (treated and untreated), and carcass was assayed. Dermal absorption of DNBP-derived radioactivity was approximately 50% of the recovered dose after application in the four physical forms, and the major route of excretion was via the urine. Twelve percent of the absorbed dose of DNBP was retained in the body. Dermal penetration of HCB-derived radioactivity was 5-8% of the recovered dose after application in the four forms, and the major route of excretion was via the feces. Greater than 90% of the absorbed dose of HCB-derived radioactivity was retained in the body. Dermal penetration of TCB-derived radioactivity was 6-8% of the recovered dose in the four forms, and the major route of excretion was via the feces. Approximately 21% of the absorbed dose was retained in the body at 120 h. Absorption of each chemical applied either as solid, aqueous paste, or suspension was compared to the absorption of the same chemical in ethanol. Absorption of HCB applied as a solid was significantly higher (p less-than-or-equal-to .05) as compared to HCB applied in ethanol. There were no other significant differences in the comparisons of absorption. The data indicate that the chemicals examined in this study can penetrate the skin as readily when applied either as a solid, aqueous paste, or suspension, as when applied in the volatile vehicle ethanol. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HUGHES, MF (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JQ262 UT WOS:A1992JQ26200006 PM 1522614 ER PT J AU SELGRADE, MK DANIELS, MJ DEAN, JH AF SELGRADE, MK DANIELS, MJ DEAN, JH TI CORRELATION BETWEEN CHEMICAL SUPPRESSION OF NATURAL-KILLER-CELL ACTIVITY IN MICE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CYTOMEGALOVIRUS - RATIONALE FOR APPLYING MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AS A HOST-RESISTANCE MODEL AND FOR INTERPRETING IMMUNOTOXICITY TESTING IN TERMS OF RISK OF DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VIRUS INFECTION; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; LYMPHOCYTE-T; B6C3F1 MICE; NK CELLS; ANTIBODY; INVIVO; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; EXPOSURE AB The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between chemical suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice and chemical effects on susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. The goal was to provide a rational basis for applying MCMV as a host resistance model for immunotoxicity testing and to provide risk assessors some guidance in relating suppression of NK cell activity to enhanced risk of disease. Data from studies with eight chemicals administered in various doses and by various routes were evaluated, and a significant correlation was observed between chemical suppression of virus-augmented NK cell activity and increased mortality due to MCMV infection. In contrast, effects of the same chemical treatments on spontaneous NK cell activity (i.e., basal activity in uninfected mice) did not correlate with effects of these chemicals on mortality due to MCMV Although chemicals that suppressed spontaneous NK cell activity enhanced infection, the converse was not always true-that is, increased susceptibility to infection and suppression of virus-augmented NK cell activity were observed on three occasions when spontaneous NK cell activity was unaffected. This latter phenomenon plus the fact that for two chemicals spontaneous NK was suppressed at concentrations twofold below that which affected mortality appear to account for the poor statistical correlation. Nevertheless, the data indicate that MCMV is a useful host resistance model to be applied in immunotoxicity testing when suppression of NK cell activity has been demonstrated. However virus-augmented activity may be a better indicator than spontaneous activity. The data also indicated that suppression of NK cell activity is predictive of increased susceptibility to infection and hence provides qualitative guidance (hazard identification) to risk assessors. C1 DRUG SAFETY ASSESSMENT,STERLING RES GRP,RENSSELAER,NY. RP SELGRADE, MK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1 BP 123 EP 137 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JQ262 UT WOS:A1992JQ26200009 PM 1326057 ER PT J AU BERMAN, E HOUSE, DE ALLIS, JW SIMMONS, JE AF BERMAN, E HOUSE, DE ALLIS, JW SIMMONS, JE TI HEPATOTOXIC INTERACTIONS OF ETHANOL WITH ALLYL ALCOHOL OR CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AMITRAZ NEUROTOXICITY; CORN-OIL; DIETHYL MALEATE; LIVER-INJURY; B6C3F1 MICE; INHIBITION; POTENTIATION; EXPOSURE; CONSUMPTION; LETHALITY AB To assess whether potential toxic interactions occur between ethanol and allyl alcohol or carbon tetrachloride following subacute, concurrent chemical exposure, male Fischer 344 rats, approximately 70 d of age, were given ethanol at 0, 0.05, 0. 1, 0.2, or 0.5 ml/kg in corn oil daily by gavage for 14 d (ETOH group), or the same levels of ethanol with 21 mg allyl alcohol/kg (ALAC group), or the same levels of ethanol with 20 mg carbon tetrachloride/kg (CCL4 group). Hepatic response was assessed 24 h after the last dose. Interactions were evaluated by comparing the ETOH group with either the ALAC group or the CCL4 group using multivariate analysis of variance procedures. No statistically significant interaction was seen between the ETOH group and the ALAC group at the dosages used Although an interaction between ethanol and carbon tetrachloride given simultaneously was not statistically significant, a small interactive effect on weight gain from d 0 to termination was apparent (p = .057). Exposure to ethanol alone resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in absolute and relative liver weight, with a threshold between 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg. There was no histopathological evidence of hepatic damage with ethanol alone, and no effect on hepatic cytochrome P-450 and glutathione levels or on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK). Exposure to allyl alcohol alone resulted in significant increases in absolute and relative liver weights, liver glutathione, and periportal hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration. Exposure to carbon tetrachloride alone resulted in significant increases in absolute and relative liver weight, serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALK, and centrilobular hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and necrosis. These observations indicate that subacute, concurrent exposure of ethanol with carbon tetrachloride or allyl alcohol at ethanol levels comparable to those reported in gavage vehicles did not result in interactive toxicity. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES SUPPORT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BERMAN, E (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1 BP 161 EP 176 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JQ262 UT WOS:A1992JQ26200012 PM 1522609 ER PT J AU JUINIO, MAR COBB, JS BENGTSON, D JOHNSON, M AF JUINIO, MAR COBB, JS BENGTSON, D JOHNSON, M TI CHANGES IN NUCLEIC-ACIDS OVER THE MOLT CYCLE IN RELATION TO FOOD AVAILABILITY AND TEMPERATURE IN HOMARUS-AMERICANUS POSTLARVAE SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRAB RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII; COD GADUS-MORHUA; RNA-DNA RATIO; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; HYAS-ARANEUS; GROWTH-RATE; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; D0 THRESHOLD; SPIDER CRAB; STARVATION AB Postlarval lobsters Homarus americanus Milne Edwards hatched from three females collected in 1989 from Block Island Sound, Rhode Island were reared individually in the laboratory under nine treatment combinations of temperature (15, 18 and 21-degrees-C) and feeding (starved, low ration and full ration). Total RNA, DNA (mg ind.-1), RNA:DNA ratios and molt stage were determined for individuals sampled at daily intervals. Post-larval lobsters had high resistance to starvation. A majority of the lobsters survived 12 d of food deprivation, with some surviving up to 24-29 d. During starvation, cell biomass (estimated from protein:DNA) decreased to a minimum size, whereas cell number (based on total DNA) was generally conserved. The molt cycle was arrested at molt stage C in the starved postlarvae. Instar duration was inversely related to temperature. However, the duration of the postlarval instar did not differ between the low and full ration treatments. Uncoupling of cell growth and the molt cycle was evident in the full and low ration treatments. In the full ration treatments, the postmolt through early premolt was characterized by a rapid increase in total RNA and DNA. Maximum cell biomass was attained by molt stage C or D0. In the low ration treatments, total RNA and DNA were less than those in the full ration treatments and the maximum cell biomass was attained only at molt stage D2-3. Notably, different feeding regimes resulted in different patterns in RNA:DNA ratios over the molt cycle during the postlarval instar. RNA:DNA ratio was a sensitive indicator of recent (2 to 3 d) food deprivation. However, this ratio was positively related to the level of feeding only at molt stages C to D1 and was inverselv related to temperature regime. These results indicate that the use of RNA:DNA ratios to estimate the relative nutritional state of postlarval lobsters must be qualified with respect to the period of the molt cycle and the temperature regime. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT ZOOL,KINGSTON,RI 02881. US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 114 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JT235 UT WOS:A1992JT23500001 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, BD DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS AF ABBOTT, BD DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS TI GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR INVOLVEMENT IN EMBRYONIC MOUSE PALATAL RESPONSE TO TCDD AND HYDROCORTISONE SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A143 EP A143 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500827 ER PT J AU CARTER, JH CARTER, HW DEANGELO, AB AF CARTER, JH CARTER, HW DEANGELO, AB TI QUANTIFICATION OF THE SHORT-TERM RESPONSE OF HEPATOCYTES IN THE MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE TO CHLOROACETIC ACIDS SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WOOD HUDSON CANC RES LAB,NEWPORT,KY 41071. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A21 EP A21 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500115 ER PT J AU CHERNOFF, N KAWANISHI, CY ROGERS, JM BRANCH, S FRANCIS, BM AF CHERNOFF, N KAWANISHI, CY ROGERS, JM BRANCH, S FRANCIS, BM TI SUPERNUMERARY RIBS (SNR) - A MANIFESTATION OF A BASIC ALTERATION(S) IN THE FATE OF THE AXIAL SKELETON SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A105 EP A105 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500609 ER PT J AU FUSCOE, JC ZIMMERMAN, LJ HARRINGTONBROCK, K BURNETTE, L MOORE, MM NICKLAS, JA ONEILL, JP ALBERTINI, RJ AF FUSCOE, JC ZIMMERMAN, LJ HARRINGTONBROCK, K BURNETTE, L MOORE, MM NICKLAS, JA ONEILL, JP ALBERTINI, RJ TI V(D)J RECOMBINASE-MEDIATED DELETION OF THE HPRT GENE IN T-LYMPHOCYTES FROM ADULT HUMANS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE V(D)J RECOMBINASE; HPRT GENE; T-LYMPHOCYTES, HUMAN; MECHANISM, MUTATION; PCR; DNA SEQUENCE ID MOLECULAR ANALYSES; LESCH-NYHAN; MUTATIONS; DNA; SEQUENCES; FREQUENCY; NEWBORNS; SIGNALS AB The hprt T-cell cloning assay allows the detection of mutations occurring in vivo in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene of T-lymphocytes. We have shown previously that the illegitimate activity of V(D)J recombinase accounts for about 40% of the hprt mutations in T-lymphocytes of human newborns as measured with umbilical cord blood samples (Fuscoe et al., 1991). This mechanism results in deletion of hprt exons 2 + 3. In this report, we examined a collection of 314 HPRT-deficient clones derived from adult humans for evidence that the mutations were caused by this mechanism by analyzing exons 2 + 3 deletion mutations. DNA sequence analysis of deletion breakpoint junctions showed that 8 of the mutations were the result of V(D)J recombinase activity. The frequency of the recombinase-mediated mutations was similar in the adults and newborns (2-4 x 10(-7)). However, since the hprt mutant frequency is about 10-fold higher in the adult than in the newborn, the recombinase-mediated mutations account for only a few percent of the adult mutations. These mutations are likely to have occurred during early development and persist into adulthood. Unregulated expression of V(D)J recombinase activity may be an important mechanism for genomic rearrangements in the genesis of cancer. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV VERMONT,VERMONT REG CANC CTR,GENET LAB,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. RP FUSCOE, JC (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 4735, CA 43791, CA 30688] NR 31 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD SEP PY 1992 VL 283 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(92)90116-Y PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JL410 UT WOS:A1992JL41000003 PM 1380658 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, R AF JANSSEN, R TI THERMAL INFLUENCES ON NERVOUS-SYSTEM FUNCTION SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE TEMPERATURE; NERVOUS SYSTEM; HYPOTHERMIA; COOLING; Q10; HYPERTHERMIA; NEURON; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY ID AUDITORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; FROG NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; OPEN-HEART SURGERY; BODY-TEMPERATURE; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; MEMBRANE-PROPERTIES; TRANSMITTER RELEASE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; AXONAL-TRANSPORT AB The various effects of temperature change are only partially predictable. Temporal measures relevant to membrane activity, action potentials, synaptic transmission, and evoked potentials are all consistently increased with cooling and decreased by warming. However, the various measures of amplitude at different levels, and even within similar preparations, are contradictory: Some laboratories report increased amplitudes with cooling and others report decreased amplitudes under similar conditions. Emphasis is given to identifying factors that may resolve the differences. These include: (a) the rate of temperature change, (b) sites of cooling, stimulation and recording, (c) stimulus characteristics, and (d) fundamental differences in temperature sensitivities of different neural tissue. Other factors that may affect the ability to predict thermal influences on neural function from existing formulations are: relative ion permeabilities, metabolic ion pumps, the resting potential at the onset of cooling, and an animal's acclimated temperature at sacrifice. RP JANSSEN, R (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROPHYSIOL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 144 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80209-X PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JL650 UT WOS:A1992JL65000008 PM 1528527 ER PT J AU SPARBER, SB OCALLAGHAN, JP BERRA, B AF SPARBER, SB OCALLAGHAN, JP BERRA, B TI GANGLIOSIDE TREATMENT PARTIALLY COUNTERACTS NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF TRIMETHYLTIN BUT MAY ITSELF CAUSE NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND A CRITICAL-REVIEW SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE GANGLIOSIDES; TRIMETHYLTIN; NEUROTOXICITY; CORTICOSTERONE RECEPTORS; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; AUTOSHAPED BEHAVIOR; PROGRESSIVE FIXED RATIO BEHAVIOR ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; GM1 GANGLIOSIDE; GRANULE CELLS; INTRADENTATE COLCHICINE; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; BEHAVIORAL RECOVERY; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BRAIN; NEURONS AB We have demonstrated a deficit in working memory and/or consolidation of information in working memory into reference memory by a single oral dose of the neurotoxin trimethyltin(TMT). Moreover, TMT causes loss of hippocampal corticosterone receptors and increases brain glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), an index of the astrocytic reaction to diverse types of CNS lesions. We tried to block the TMT-induced cognitive deficit and these biochemical markers by treating rats with purified mixed gangliosides (GS) for 21 days, starting 2 days before the TMT treatment As expected, TMT decreased the number of corticosterone receptors in hippocampi and increased the GFAP concentration in hippocampi and to a lesser extent, in frontal cortices, measured more than 8 mon after treatment. The small increase in GFAP in frontal cortices was attenuated by GS but not in hippocampi. The pronounced learning deficits caused by TMT were attenuated to a small extent by GS in the TMT-GS group, when a learning criterion was used for the last session's performance of acquired lever-directed behavior. GS also delayed the appearance of significant performance differences between Controls and TMT-treated rats, when probed with a progressive fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement However, most measures of learning and performance indicated that GS did not block the dysfunctional consequences of TMT treatment but instead caused similar functional decrements in rats treated with water instead of TMT Corticosterone receptors in hippocampi were reduced to about 65% of Controls in the TMT-Water, TMT-GS, and Water-GS groups. A reduction in corticosterone receptors in hippocampi after TMT treatment probably reflects the loss of one or more cell types (e.g., pyramidal cells), which is supported by the increase in GFAP in this region. However, we did wt observe a reciprocal relation between steroid receptors and GFAP after GS alone, indicating that GS did not cause detectable cell loss or cell damage, measured in this manner. Thus, reactive gliosis probably was not a pre-condition for the cognitive dysfunction. The fact that the cognitive deficits are probably related to hippocampal dysfunction supports the notion of a causal relationship between corticosterone receptor reduction and/or their altered function and cognitive impairment of this special type. The possibility that our results demonstrate potential neurobehavioral toxicity of GS is discussed in light of many reports which present data that can be similarly interpreted. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV MILAN,INST GEN PHYSIOL & BIOCHEM,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. RP SPARBER, SB (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PHARMACOL,3-249 MILLARD HALL,435 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD20111]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA 01880] NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD FAL PY 1992 VL 13 IS 3 BP 679 EP 700 PG 22 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JZ279 UT WOS:A1992JZ27900014 PM 1475067 ER PT J AU REZVANI, AH GARGES, PL MILLER, DB GORDON, CJ AF REZVANI, AH GARGES, PL MILLER, DB GORDON, CJ TI ATTENUATION OF ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION BY MDMA (ECSTASY) IN 2 STRAINS OF ALCOHOL-PREFERRING RATS SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE FAWN-HOODED RATS; ALCOHOL-PREFERRING RATS; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; SEROTONIN; ALCOHOL; ALCOHOL PREFERENCE; BODY TEMPERATURE ID FAWN-HOODED RATS; DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES; FREELY-MOVING RATS; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA; SEROTONIN UPTAKE; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; DOPAMINE RELEASE; BRAIN; ETHANOL; MDA AB Alcohol preference and manifestation of alcoholism are thought by many to be associated with serotonin (5-HT) dysfunction in the brain. Thus, experiments were performed to determine the effect of acute and subchronic administration of (+/-) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), an amphetamine analog that stimulates 5-HT release, on alcohol preference in two strains of alcohol-preferring rats, the Fawn-Hooded (FH) and alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Rats were individually housed and provided free access to a solution of 10% ethanol, food, and water. Ethanol, food, and water intakes were measured daily. After establishing a stable baseline for ethanol and water intake, each rat was injected SC with a dose of 5.0 mg/kg MDMA or an equal volume of saline for 1 or 3 consecutive days. Body temperature was recorded immediately before and 120, 240, and 360 min after MDMA treatment. Ethanol, food, and water intake were measured for the preceding 24 h. Further, to determine the effect of MDMA on alcohol metabolism rats were injected with 5.0 mg/kg MDMA or saline and 15 min later with 2.5 g/kg alcohol. Then, blood alcohol levels were determined at 1, 3, and 5 h after alcohol administration. Our results show that a single administration of 5.0 mg/kg MDMA significantly decreased ethanol intake in both FH and P rats and increased water intake. Subchronic administration of 5.0 mg/kg MDMA for 3 consecutive days significantly attenuated alcohol intake in both strains but only increased water intake in P rats. Administration of MDMA induced hyper- and hypothermia in FH and P rats, respectively. This drug failed to exert any significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol, indicating a central effect. These findings suggest that MDMA exerts an inhibitory action on alcohol preference, possibly by enhancing serotonergic and/or dopaminergic systems in the CNS. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,SKIPPER BOWLES CTR ALCOHOL STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [P50-AA07611] NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(92)90645-V PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JK367 UT WOS:A1992JK36700012 PM 1357675 ER PT J AU CRAMPTON, L AF CRAMPTON, L TI GREEN DEMOCRACY SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP CRAMPTON, L (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERITAGE FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 214 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002 SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 62 BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA JU117 UT WOS:A1992JU11700019 ER PT J AU SMITH, MK RANDALL, JL READ, EJ STOBER, JA AF SMITH, MK RANDALL, JL READ, EJ STOBER, JA TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF DICHLOROACETATE IN THE RAT SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; DRINKING-WATER; PRODUCTS; ANIMALS; SODIUM; HEART; ACIDS AB Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a principal by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water containing humic and fulvic acids, and is also a drug of interest in the therapeutic management of metabolic disorders. The developmental effects of DCA were evaluated in the pregnant Long-Evans rat. In two separate studies, animals were dosed by oral intubation on gestation days 6-15 (plug = 0) with 0, 900, 1,400, 1,900 or 2,400 mg/kg/day and 0, 14, 140, or 400 mg/kg/day. The vehicle control was distilled water. Maternal observations included clinical signs, weight change, and gross evaluation of organ weights and uterine contents at necropsy (day 20). Corpora lutea were counted and uteri stained for implantation sites. Live fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and soft tissue malformations. Seven dams died during treatment (1,400 mg 1/19, 1,900 mg 2/19, 2,400 mg 4/21), and maternal weight gain was reduced at all except the lowest treatment levels. Liver, spleen, and kidney weights increased in a dose-related manner. The mean percentage of resorbed implants per litter was significantly elevated at greater-than-or-equal-to 900 mg/kg/day. Live fetuses showed dose-dependent reductions in weight and length at doses above 140 mg/kg. Statistically significant frequencies of soft tissue malformations ranged from 2.6% (140 mg/kg) to 73% (2,400 mg/kg). These were principally in the cardiovascular system and predominantly comprised defects between the ascending aorta and the right ventricle. Skeletal malformations were not observed in significant numbers in any dose group. We conclude that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the developmental toxicity of DCA in the rat was 14 mg/kg/day, a dose level that produced obvious treatment-related maternal effects. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45069. COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SMITH, MK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LABS,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460305 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA JJ567 UT WOS:A1992JJ56700004 PM 1523579 ER PT J AU EPSTEIN, DL NOLEN, GA RANDALL, JL CHRIST, SA READ, EJ STOBER, JA SMITH, MK AF EPSTEIN, DL NOLEN, GA RANDALL, JL CHRIST, SA READ, EJ STOBER, JA SMITH, MK TI CARDIOPATHIC EFFECTS OF DICHLOROACETATE IN THE FETAL LONG-EVANS RAT SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; PRODUCTS; HEART AB Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water and may occur in treated water at levels exceeding 100-mu-g/L. Previous studies revealed teratogenic effects, particularly heart malformations, at high doses (900-2,400 mg/kg given on days 6-15 of pregnancy). In a series of three studies, groups of 7-10 Long-Evans rats were dosed with 1,900 mg/kg of DCA on days 6-8, 9-11, or 12-15; with 2,400 mg/kg on days 10, 11, 12, or 13; and with 3,500 mg/kg on days 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13, in an attempt to determine the most sensitive period and further characterize the heart defect. In a fourth study, six dams were treated with 1,900 mg/kg of DCA days 6-15 of pregnancy, and 56 fetuses were harvested for light microscopy of the heart. Eight control fetuses from four litters were also examined. No heart malformations were seen in the groups treated with 1,900 mg/kg DCA days 6-8 but were present in the group treated on days 9-11 and 12-15, with the higher incidence occurring on days 12-15. Single doses of 2,400 mg/kg DCA given on days 10, 11, 12, or 13 resulted in a much lower incidence of cardiac malformations, which occurred only on days 10 and 12. The high dose of DCA (3,500 mg/kg) did not increase the incidence of heart defects but showed that dosing on day 9 as well as on days 10 and 12 would produce the defect. The defects seen were characterized as high interventricular septal defects (H-IVSD). Light microscopy showed that the defect was caudal to the semilunar valves, with the anterior right wall of the aorta communicating with the right ventricle. Another aspect of the defect is at the level of the semilunar valves, with the right cusp or sinus of Valsalva in communication with the right ventricle. The defects are discussed more fully and methods for further study suggested. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45069. COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460306 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA JJ567 UT WOS:A1992JJ56700005 PM 1523580 ER PT J AU CHERNOFF, N ROGERS, JM KAVET, R AF CHERNOFF, N ROGERS, JM KAVET, R TI A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON POTENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE TERATOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; ELECTRIC FIELDS; MAGNETIC FIELDS; EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY; VERY LOW FREQUENCY ID VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS; FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; FINNISH CASE-REFERENT; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; CHICK EMBRYOGENESIS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; MATERNAL TOXICITY AB The potential of electric and magnetic fields to adversely affect the health of the human population is an issue which continues to receive a great deal of attention in both public and scientific forums. One of the critical issues is the possibility that such fields may adversely affect the reproductive process. Numerous studies investigating the potential of electric and/or magnetic fields to alter reproduction in vertebrates have been conducted. These studies have, in many instances, yielded seemingly contradictory results. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted as well. This review of the literature examines relevant studies and attempts to draw biologically rational conclusions from them. The studies are ordered in broad categories based upon both classification of the species studied (i.e. submammalian, mammalian exclusive of man and human) and the agent used (i.e. extremely low frequency electric, very low frequency electric, and magnetic fields). From our review we conclude that laboratory experimental and epidemiological results to date have not yielded conclusive data to support the contention that such fields induce adverse reproductive effects under the test or environmental conditions studied. Additional studies may, however, be warranted to clarify some of the experimental results obtained. C1 ELECT POWER RES INST,DIV ENVIRONM,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. RP CHERNOFF, N (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 104 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 74 IS 2-3 BP 91 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90132-X PG 36 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JL955 UT WOS:A1992JL95500001 PM 1519247 ER PT J AU FOLINSBEE, LJ AF FOLINSBEE, LJ TI DOES NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EXPOSURE INCREASE AIRWAYS RESPONSIVENESS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; REFRACTORY PERIOD; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; EXERCISE; METHACHOLINE AB A number of reports have suggested that exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may cause increased airways responsiveness (AR). Twenty studies of asthmatics and five studies of healthy subjects exposed to NO2 were used to test this hypothesis using a simple method of meta-analysis. Individual data were obtained for the above studies and the direction of change in AR was determined for each subject. Only studies with available individual data were used. Subjects from these studies whose directional change in AR could not be determined were excluded. The fraction of positive responses (i.e. increased AR) was determined for all subjects within a group and tested for significance using a sign test. Data were also grouped according to NO2 concentration and by whether the exposure included exercise. There was an overall trend among asthmatics for AR to increase (60%) but this was primarily due to increased AR seen in resting exposures (70%). Among healthy subjects AR also increased with NO2 exposure but only at concentrations above 1.0 ppm. This analysis suggests that NO2 exposure causes increased airway responsiveness in healthy and asthmatic subjects but that exercise during exposure may modify this response in asthmatics. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 40 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 8 IS 5 BP 273 EP 283 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JY575 UT WOS:A1992JY57500005 PM 1455438 ER PT J AU EATON, JG SWENSON, WA MCCORMICK, JH SIMONSON, TD JENSEN, KM AF EATON, JG SWENSON, WA MCCORMICK, JH SIMONSON, TD JENSEN, KM TI A FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF ACID EFFECTS ON LARGEMOUTH BASS, ROCK BASS, BLACK CRAPPIE, AND YELLOW PERCH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEUI LACEPEDE; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LOW-PH; FATHEAD MINNOW; EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION; LAKE WISCONSIN; SOFT-WATER; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FISHERIES AB One-half of Little Rock Lake, a small seepage lake in north-central Wisconsin, was gradually acidified by additions of sulfuric acid between August 1983 and November 1990. The ambient pH (6.1) of the lake was reduced at successive 2-year intervals to pH 5.6, 5. 1, and 4.7. Responses of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and yellow perch Perca flavescens populations to the pH reductions were recorded and compared to the responses of these species during in situ bioassays and laboratory toxicity tests on embryos and larvae. Laboratory results obtained for largemouth bass and rock bass underestimated, black crappie results overestimated, and yellow perch results were similar to effects observed in field studies. In situ bioassays predicted field responses better than did laboratory toxicity tests. Laboratory results showed that monomeric Al concentrations of approximately 50 mug/L, which were comparable to Al concentrations in the acidified half of the lake, altered low-pH toxicity. Reduced recruitment was observed in field populations at higher pH than that at which adult mortality was observed. The results indicate that laboratory toxicity tests with early life stages may not accurately predict field population responses and that results from laboratory tests should be field-validated whenever possible. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN SUPERIOR,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,MONONA,WI 53716. ASCI CORP,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP EATON, JG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 121 IS 5 BP 644 EP 658 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0644:AFALIO>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KN447 UT WOS:A1992KN44700008 ER PT J AU DYE, JA AF DYE, JA TI FELINE BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASE SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; BRONCHIAL DISEASE; CATS; THEOPHYLLINE; CHILDREN C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0195-5616 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1201 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LA109 UT WOS:A1992LA10900011 PM 1523789 ER PT J AU TSIRKUNOV, VV NIKANOROV, AM LAZNIK, MM DONGWEI, Z AF TSIRKUNOV, VV NIKANOROV, AM LAZNIK, MM DONGWEI, Z TI ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM AND SEASONAL RIVER WATER-QUALITY CHANGES IN LATVIA SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RIVER WATER QUALITY; NONPARAMETRIC TESTS; MAJOR IONS; NUTRIENTS; NONPOINT POLLUTION; RIVER LOADS ID NONPARAMETRIC-TESTS; TIME-SERIES; TREND AB An analysis of long-term historical records of the concentrations of major ions, TDS and nutrients for 20 river sites in Latvia is reported. Periods of water quality observations ranged from 15 to 43 years. A study of the quarterly adjusted time series showed that characteristic features of the data are non-normal distributions, seasonality, serial correlation and presence of significant trends that are mostly positive. The application of state-of-the-art software, based on non-parametric statistics such as the Seasonal Kendall slope estimator and the Seasonal Hodges-Lehmann estimator, made it possible to investigate these water quality records more accurately than other methods allow. Typical seasonal variations and concentration-discharge relationships were analyzed for different constituents. It was shown that fertilizer application and marsh land reclamation can cause widespread and intensive river water quality changes. Concentration increases of as much as 5-10 times that of background values were detected for NO3-, Cl-, Na+ + K+ and SO42-. The main water quality changes took place in the 1960s and the early 1970s when fertilizer applications and reclamation works increased. After that, concentration increases for constituents other than NO3- and SO42- were statistically insignficiant. The significant increases for NO3- and SO42- were probably due to the additional impact of increased atmospheric deposition. The results of long-term changes of river loads entering the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Rip from Latvian territory are examined. C1 RUSSIAN COMM HYDROMETEOROL & ENVIRONM MONITORING,INST HYDROCHEM,ROSTOV 344104,USSR. LATVIAN OFF HYDROMETEOROL,RIGA 226080,LATVIA,USSR. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,CTR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT MODELING,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1203 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90181-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JF962 UT WOS:A1992JF96200008 ER PT J AU VEITH, GD AF VEITH, GD TI THE BLACK MAGIC OF CHEMICAL RESIDUES - A CITATION-CLASSIC COMMENTARY ON MEASURING AND ESTIMATING THE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR IN FISH BY VEITH,G.D., DEFOE,D.L., AND BERGSTEDT,B.V. SO CURRENT CONTENTS/AGRICULTURE BIOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY RP VEITH, GD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST SCI INFORM INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0090-0508 J9 CC/AGR BIOL ENVIRON PD AUG 24 PY 1992 IS 34 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JG657 UT WOS:A1992JG65700001 ER PT J AU BARNES, DG AF BARNES, DG TI CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY - WHO CARES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,SCI ADVISORY BOARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 1 EP SOCED PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301589 ER PT J AU LYNCH, DG AF LYNCH, DG TI ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT UNDER THE TOXIC-SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV EXPOSURE EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 2 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200678 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, R KOTESOVEC, F SRAM, R WATTS, R LEWTAS, J AF WILLIAMS, R KOTESOVEC, F SRAM, R WATTS, R LEWTAS, J TI THE NORTHERN BOHEMIA PROJECT - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. INST HYG,TEPLICE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. INST EXPTL MED,PRAGUE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 6 EP SOCED PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301594 ER PT J AU WITSE, JA AF WITSE, JA TI DIRECTIONS OF CHANGE IN EPA CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 7 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200789 ER PT J AU ADAMS, JD DICARLO, FJ ADAMS, N AF ADAMS, JD DICARLO, FJ ADAMS, N TI SHERWIN,CARL,PAXSON, PIONEER IN XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM RESEARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OPPTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 8 EP HIST PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201728 ER PT J AU RHOMBERG, LR AF RHOMBERG, LR TI CROSS-SPECIES SCALING OF CARCINOGEN DOSES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 8 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200790 ER PT J AU OHANIAN, EV AF OHANIAN, EV TI CANCER RISK CHARACTERIZATION IN SETTING WATER STANDARDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF WATER WH586,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 9 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200791 ER PT J AU TRUCKSESS, MW PAGE, SW AF TRUCKSESS, MW PAGE, SW TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF 1,1'-ETHYLIDENE-BIS(L-TRYPTOPHAN) IN L-TRYPTOPHAN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV CONTAMINANTS CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 9 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200410 ER PT J AU SCOTT, CS CALDWELLKENKEL, J AF SCOTT, CS CALDWELLKENKEL, J TI HAZARD RANKING ELEMENTS FOR NONTHRESHOLD AIR-POLLUTANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT RD689,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 10 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200792 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JW CLICKNER, RP CHEN, M AF ROGERS, JW CLICKNER, RP CHEN, M TI NATIONAL SURVEY OF LEAD PAINT IN HOUSING - ANALYSIS OF ERROR SOURCES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 12 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201294 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD AF WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD TI A THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE REDUCTIVE METABOLISM OF HALOMETHANES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ETD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 13 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200795 ER PT J AU GLASER, JA AF GLASER, JA TI PROCESS DESIGN AND CONTROL FOR COMPOSTING OF HAZARDOUS AND SOLID-WASTE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 20 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200696 ER PT J AU ANAPOLLE, KE LAU, HP AF ANAPOLLE, KE LAU, HP TI THE REGULATORY EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION POLICIES AT EPA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 22 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201006 ER PT J AU HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW AF HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW TI PREDICTION OF KOVATS INDEXES ON POLAR AND NONPOLAR LIQUID-PHASES BY SPARC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,CTR ADV COMPUTAT METHOD,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 22 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200423 ER PT J AU COOK, BT AF COOK, BT TI NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD LEAD-POISONING FROM RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE TO LEAD-BASED PAINT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX TS798,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 24 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201306 ER PT J AU PEARCE, ML TOPPING, DA COX, DC AF PEARCE, ML TOPPING, DA COX, DC TI LEAD-BASED PAINT ABATEMENT DEBRIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,EEDTS798,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 27 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201309 ER PT J AU CRAMER, RJ AF CRAMER, RJ TI ENCAPSULATION OF LEAD-BASED PAINT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 28 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201310 ER PT J AU KOMINSKY, J BURCKLE, J POWERS, T AF KOMINSKY, J BURCKLE, J POWERS, T TI PELLETIZED CARBON-DIOXIDE BLASTING FOR LEAD ABATEMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IT CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45246. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 30 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201312 ER PT J AU HUNDLEY, HK AF HUNDLEY, HK TI UNITED-STATES EPAS VALIDATION CRITERIA FOR RESIDUE METHODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ANALYT CHEM SECT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 40 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200275 ER PT J AU GROHSE, PM LUK, KK GUTKNECHT, WF HARPER, SL BEARD, ME LIM, BS BREEN, JJ AF GROHSE, PM LUK, KK GUTKNECHT, WF HARPER, SL BEARD, ME LIM, BS BREEN, JJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD-TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN PAINT, AND PAINT CONTAMINATED DUST AND SOIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 52 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201334 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, EE BINSTOCK, DA ESTES, ED NEEFUS, JD GUTKNECHT, WF LIM, BS BREEN, JJ HARPER, SL BEARD, ME AF WILLIAMS, EE BINSTOCK, DA ESTES, ED NEEFUS, JD GUTKNECHT, WF LIM, BS BREEN, JJ HARPER, SL BEARD, ME TI PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF LEAD-IN-PAINT AND LEAD-IN-DUST REFERENCE MATERIALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 53 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201335 ER PT J AU GARRETT, RL AF GARRETT, RL TI POLLUTION PREVENTION IN SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL DESIGN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 55 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201337 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, DJ ADAMOVIC, JB HUGHES, MF HALL, LL AF THOMPSON, DJ ADAMOVIC, JB HUGHES, MF HALL, LL TI ANALYSIS OF RADIOACTIVELY LABELED ARSENIC METABOLITES IN URINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. METI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 58 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200457 ER PT J AU LIM, BS SCHWEMBERGER, J CONSTANT, P BAUER, K AF LIM, BS SCHWEMBERGER, J CONSTANT, P BAUER, K TI VACUUM SAMPLING OF SETTLED DUST FOR LEAD ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,FIELD STUDIES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 61 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201343 ER PT J AU COX, DC SCHWEMBERGER, J AF COX, DC SCHWEMBERGER, J TI SAMPLING METHODOLOGY AND DECISION STRATEGY FOR TESTING FOR LEAD-BASED PAINT IN PUBLIC-HOUSING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DAVID C COX ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 66 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201348 ER PT J AU GREENLAND, A COX, DC SCHWEMBERGER, J AF GREENLAND, A COX, DC SCHWEMBERGER, J TI EFFICIENT METHODS OF TESTING FOR LEAD BASED PAINT IN SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,EED,DDB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. DAVID C COX & ASSOCIATES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 67 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201349 ER PT J AU ZAGER, E AF ZAGER, E TI CURRENT EPA APPROACHES TO ESTIMATING PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN FOOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 68 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200303 ER PT J AU BEHL, E AF BEHL, E TI STATUS-REPORT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES - EPAS NATIONAL PESTICIDE SURVEY, AND PESTICIDES IN GROUND-WATER DATABASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 71 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200306 ER PT J AU HOLLAND, DM BAUMGARDNER, R AF HOLLAND, DM BAUMGARDNER, R TI DESIGN OF THE CLEAN-AIR ACT DEPOSITION MONITORING NETWORK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 71 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201353 ER PT J AU PARKER, JC AF PARKER, JC TI USE OF MECHANISTIC DATA IN RISK ASSESSMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 76 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200311 ER PT J AU JACOBY, HM AF JACOBY, HM TI THE OBJECTIVES OF FATE AND TRANSPORT DATA IN THE 1990S SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 78 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200313 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J TI ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH - AN EPIDEMIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 82 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201364 ER PT J AU PESACHOWITZ, AM AF PESACHOWITZ, AM TI USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS (GIS) FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 83 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201365 ER PT J AU MACE, TH AF MACE, TH TI REMOTE-SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE 1990S AND BEYOND SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 85 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201367 ER PT J AU RISPIN, A HOLMES, J GRIM, B AF RISPIN, A HOLMES, J GRIM, B TI AMENDED CODE OF FEDERAL-REGULATIONS PART 158 DATA REQUIREMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 85 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200320 ER PT J AU REJESKI, D AF REJESKI, D TI EXPLORING FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF STRATEG PLANNING & ENVIRONM DATA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 89 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201371 ER PT J AU MARKER, DA RYABOY, S LACAYO, H AF MARKER, DA RYABOY, S LACAYO, H TI THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 91 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201373 ER PT J AU JUTRO, PR CARTER, TB AF JUTRO, PR CARTER, TB TI EPA RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ADMINISTERING ECOLOGICAL REGULATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,TERR EFFECTS RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. SCI & POLICY ASSOCIATES,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 92 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201818 ER PT J AU NELSON, H AF NELSON, H TI AN OPP/USEPA ASSESSMENT OF DEFICIENCIES AND AMBIGUITIES IN THE PESTICIDE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT LABORATORY STUDY GUIDELINES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 93 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200328 ER PT J AU MASTRADONE, PJ HETRICK, JA WOLF, JK SYSLO, S JONES, RD AF MASTRADONE, PJ HETRICK, JA WOLF, JK SYSLO, S JONES, RD TI EPAS ASSESSMENT OF THE INADEQUACIES IN FIELD STUDIES GUIDELINES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 94 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200329 ER PT J AU KEENE, ML AF KEENE, ML TI THE TOXIC RELEASES INVENTORY IN THE UNITED-STATES AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS APPLICABILITY IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF INT ACTIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 95 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201821 ER PT J AU ZUBKOFF, PL AF ZUBKOFF, PL TI DATA INTEGRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT - INTRODUCTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 109 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200344 ER PT J AU BEARD, BA FREAS, WP AF BEARD, BA FREAS, WP TI NATIONAL AIR-QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS REPORT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 110 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201392 ER PT J AU BIRD, SL AF BIRD, SL TI OFFSITE DEPOSITION FROM LOW-FLIGHT AERIAL AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30683. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 112 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200347 ER PT J AU CLIFFORD, MA AF CLIFFORD, MA TI STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DIETARY RISK-EVALUATION SYSTEM (DRES) USED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 112 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201394 ER PT J AU GENTILE, JH NORTON, SB RODIER, DJ VANDERSCHALIE, WH AF GENTILE, JH NORTON, SB RODIER, DJ VANDERSCHALIE, WH TI ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT - A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 112 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201837 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD AF WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD TI COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR-FIELD ANALYSIS OF POLYHALOGENATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, AND BIPHENYLS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ETD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 112 EP MEDI PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31202470 ER PT J AU SERGEANT, A AF SERGEANT, A TI PATHWAYS FOR ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 113 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201838 ER PT J AU CURTIS, C NEIMANN, B LEONARD, E AF CURTIS, C NEIMANN, B LEONARD, E TI A GUIDE TO SELECTED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS IN THE UNITED-STATES GOVERNMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CTR ENVIRONM STAT,DEV STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 114 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201396 ER PT J AU DUNCAN, PB AF DUNCAN, PB TI DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOXICITY DATA FOR USE AS MEASUREMENT END-POINTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,SEATTLE,WA 98101. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 114 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201839 ER PT J AU DALEY, J AF DALEY, J TI THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY REGISTER OF LISTS (ROL) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 115 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201397 ER PT J AU MAURIELLO, DA AF MAURIELLO, DA TI STRESS TO INDICATOR SPECIES AS ASSESSMENT END-POINTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 115 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201840 ER PT J AU WELLS, DA BEHL, E WALDMAN, E AF WELLS, DA BEHL, E WALDMAN, E TI FIELD MONITORING STUDIES FOR AGROCHEMICALS - DIRECTIONS AND GUIDELINES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 115 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200350 ER PT J AU HITCH, RK AKESSON, NB JONES, AW AF HITCH, RK AKESSON, NB JONES, AW TI AN ANALYSIS OF LONG-RANGE DEPOSITION FROM AERIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 121 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200356 ER PT J AU REGELMAN, E CAULKINS, P AF REGELMAN, E CAULKINS, P TI ANALYSIS OF EPAS REJECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FATE STUDIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 125 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200360 ER PT J AU HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM BAUGHMAN, GL KARICKHOFF, SW AF HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM BAUGHMAN, GL KARICKHOFF, SW TI PREDICTION OF IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS OF DYES BY SPARC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,CTR ADV COMPUTAT METHODS,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 130 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201412 ER PT J AU SALEH, MA ELBARTOY, G REHEIM, EA BLANCATO, JN AF SALEH, MA ELBARTOY, G REHEIM, EA BLANCATO, JN TI GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY - A POSSIBLE BIOMARKER FOR HUMANS EXPOSURE TO CERTAIN AGROCHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004. US EPA,EMSL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 132 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200367 ER PT J AU BARRETT, MR BEHL, E AF BARRETT, MR BEHL, E TI USING PRZM-MODELING TO COMPARE LEACHING POTENTIAL OF WHEAT HERBICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,GROUND WATER TECHNOL SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 139 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200374 ER PT J AU WALDMAN, E WELLS, DA AF WALDMAN, E WELLS, DA TI USEPA OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GROUNDWATER MONITORING STUDY STATUS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 141 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200376 ER PT J AU WELLS, DA WALDMAN, E AF WELLS, DA WALDMAN, E TI ANALYSIS OF ALDICARB LEACHING POTENTIAL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 142 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200377 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, WM ZUBKOFF, PL HOLDEN, PW AF WILLIAMS, WM ZUBKOFF, PL HOLDEN, PW TI AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL-FATE STUDY FOR AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. CLENDENIN CONSULTING & REMEDIAT GRP,LEESBURG,VA 22075. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 146 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200381 ER PT J AU HOHEISEL, CA DAVIESHILLIARD, LM KARRIE, J LEES, SM AF HOHEISEL, CA DAVIESHILLIARD, LM KARRIE, J LEES, SM TI PESTICIDE INFORMATION NETWORK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 148 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200383 ER PT J AU MANALE, AP AF MANALE, AP TI USE OF LINKED BIOPHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC MODELING SYSTEM TO EVALUATE RISK-BENEFIT TRADEOFFS OF CORN HERBICIDE USE IN MIDWEST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OPPE,WAPD,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 149 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200384 ER PT J AU DARY, C SALEH, M BLANCATO, J AF DARY, C SALEH, M BLANCATO, J TI COMPARISON OF THE BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF NERVE-TISSUE AND MONOCYTE PROTEINS THAT PREFERENTIALLY BIND PARAOXON AND MIPAFOX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,EMSL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 152 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200387 ER PT J AU ROGERS, KR VANEMON, JM AF ROGERS, KR VANEMON, JM TI FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY FOR PARA-NITROPHENOL IN URINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,EMSL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 154 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200389 ER PT J AU NAUMAN, CH SANTOLUCITO, JA DARY, CC AF NAUMAN, CH SANTOLUCITO, JA DARY, CC TI BIOMONITORING FOR PESTICIDE EXPOSURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. UNIV NEVADA,HARRY REID CTR ENVIRONM STUDIES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 156 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200391 ER PT J AU SCHUDA, PF AF SCHUDA, PF TI EPAS FUTURE AGENDA ON ENVIRONMENTAL FATE TESTING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 160 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200395 ER PT J AU FAMINI, GR DEVITO, SC AF FAMINI, GR DEVITO, SC TI USING THEORETICAL DESCRIPTORS IN STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS - CYTOCHROME-P450 MEDIATED ACUTE NITRILE TOXICITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,CTR DEV & ENGN,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 161 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200396 ER PT J AU BROWN, RN AF BROWN, RN TI QUASI-ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF FEW COMPARTMENT MICHAELIS-MENTON PBPK MODELS UNDER STEADY-STATE INPUT - RISK ASSESSMENT IMPLICATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,EMSL,EAD,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 166 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200401 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA PETERSON, CE AF REAMS, GA PETERSON, CE TI EVALUATING CHANGES IN FOREST CONDITION POTENTIALLY RELATED TO ACIDIC DEPOSITION - AN EXAMPLE USING RED SPRUCE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION, ITS NATURE AND IMPACTS : ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND FORESTS CY SEP 16-21, 1990 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP USDA, FOREST SERV, UK FORESTRY COMMISS ID DOUGLAS-FIR; DECLINE; GROWTH; WALDSTERBEN; POLLUTION AB Individual tree and stand responses to air pollutants, often inferred from changes in crown condition, mortality and growth rates, are difficult to correlate with each other because these data are often not measured on the same tree or plot. In evaluating changes in any of these measures it is necessary to define expectation for normal changes over time. Of the three measures, radial increment is the only one which has a temporal component to develop a historical expectation. Therefore, to develop an expectation of change in radial growth in the absence of high levels of acidic deposition, radial growth chronologies of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) from forest survey data in northern Maine were analyzed. Rather than concentrate on recent (post-1960) increases or decreases in radial increments, the entire radial growth chronology was analyzed for possible influences of disturbance events and stand development. As a result, two periods of large growth reductions are evident over the past 60 years. In the early 1930s, a trend of decreased radial growth was preceded by growth increases in the 1920s. The 1920s increase resulted from the release of understory trees and recovery of surviving trees, following a severe budworm epidemic. Likewise, a trend of decreased radial growth after 1960 was preceded by a growth increase in the 1940s. Release of the red spruce trees in the 1940s is believed in part to be the result of a regional birch decline that began in the mid-1930s. These increases and subsequent decreases in radial growth are expected given the disturbance events and natural dynamics of the stands. However, even if the growth trend departed from expectations (e.g. after accounting for stand disturbances), unless air pollutant levels are identified and measured for those forest survey sites, the strongest statement that could be made for this example or any similar situation is that a change in tree condition has been detected for which acidic deposition or air pollutants cannot be excluded as a cause. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90467-N PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JP766 UT WOS:A1992JP76600002 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, PA GREENBERG, RA KEYES, LL LAVANGE, LM CHAPMAN, RS DENNY, FW BAUMAN, KE BOAT, BW AF MARGOLIS, PA GREENBERG, RA KEYES, LL LAVANGE, LM CHAPMAN, RS DENNY, FW BAUMAN, KE BOAT, BW TI LOWER RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN INFANTS AND LOW SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; DAY-CARE; TRACT INFECTIONS; 1ST YEAR; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; HEALTH AB Objectives. Infants from families of low socioeconomic status are said to suffer higher rates of lower respiratory illness, but this assertion has not been carefully examined. Methods. We studied the frequency and determinants of lower respiratory illness in infants of different socioeconomic status (n = 393) by analyzing data from a community-based cohort study of respiratory illness during the first year of life in central North Carolina. Results. The incidence of lower respiratory illness was 1.41 in the low socioeconomic group, 1.26 in the middle group, and 0.67 in the high group. The prevalence of persistent respiratory symptoms was 39% in infants in the low socioeconomic group, 24% in infants in the middle group, and 14% in infants in the high group. The odds of persistent respiratory symptoms in infants of low and middle socioeconomic status were reduced after controlling for environmental risk factors for lower respiratory illness. Enrollment in day care was associated with an increased risk of persistent symptoms among infants of high but not low socioeconomic status. Conclusions. Infants of low socioeconomic status are at increased risk of persistent respiratory symptoms. This risk can be partly attributed to environmental exposures, most of which could be changed. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH BEHAV,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. FU PHS HHS [28895] NR 48 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1992 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1119 EP 1126 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1119 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JF310 UT WOS:A1992JF31000010 PM 1636832 ER PT J AU VOLK, KJ YOST, RA BRAJTERTOTH, A FREEMAN, JA AF VOLK, KJ YOST, RA BRAJTERTOTH, A FREEMAN, JA TI A DYNAMIC APPROACH FOR STUDYING REDOX REACTIONS - ELECTROCHEMISTRY ONLINE WITH MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALUSIS LA English DT Article DE TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; THERMOSPRAY; CARCINOGENS ID OXIDATION AB The focus of this research is the development of instrumental methods which can be used to pin insights into xenobiotic metabolism. Solution-phase studies were performed using an electrochemical cell to mimic biological electron transfer processes. Gas-phase nucleophile and electrophile reactions were also studied in an attempt to develop a rapid and convenient method for environmental screening of potential carcinogens. For the solution-phase work, an electrochemical cell was coupled on-line with thermospray/tandem mass spectrometry to characterize aqueous redox reactions. Intermediates and products formed as a result of electro-oxidation were monitored as the electrode potential was varied. The results show that the on-line combination of electrochemistry with thermospray/tandem mass spectrometry provides otherwise difficult to obtain information about redox and associated chemical reactions of biological molecules such as the structure of reaction intermediates and products. The gas-phase nucleophilic studies were performed in both the ion source and collision chamber (Q2) of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Good correlation between gas-phase reactivity and mutagenicity was observed for a variety of electrophiles which reacted with the molecular ion of pyridine. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP VOLK, KJ (reprint author), BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,PHARMACEUT RES INST,WALLINGFORD,CT, USA. RI brajter-toth, anna/E-8777-2016 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0365-4877 J9 ANALUSIS JI Analusis PD AUG-SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 7 BP 421 EP 425 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JN307 UT WOS:A1992JN30700024 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI PATTERN-RECOGNITION EXPERT SYSTEM FOR MASS-SPECTRA OF VOLATILE TOXIC AND OTHER ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; AIR POLLUTANTS; EXPERT SYSTEMS; PATTERN RECOGNITION ID INFORMATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS; AMBIENT AIR; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A pattern recognition/expert system for classifying, estimating the molecular weights and identifying the low resolution mass spectra of toxic and other volatile organic compounds was developed with a rule-building expert shell program. The system was designed for low concentration spectra by using high intensity and high Shannon information content masses. A sequential fitter design was used with an initial classification module followed by molecular weight and base peak filters and identification modules. Ternary encoded reference spectra of 74 target and 31 other compounds were used to establish the five target and the one unknown classes. The target classes were nonhalobenzenes; chlorobenzenes; bromo- and bromochloroalkanes/alkenes: mono- and dichloroalkanes/alkenes; and tri-, tetra- and pentachloroalkanes/alkenes. A molecular weight estimator provided molecular weight estimates even for unclassified spectra. The resulting system was extensively tested with reference spectra of 31 potential air pollutants, 100 randomly selected compounds, 100 GC-MS field spectra and with 54000 NIST spectra. Classification and identification accuracies for training, test, random and field spectra were 100 and 100; 94 and 100; 76 and 100; and 90 and 96%, respectively. The median absolute deviations of the estimated molecular weights from the true values for the same sets were 0, 7, 7 and 1. RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 265 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85153-W PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JG875 UT WOS:A1992JG87500007 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JA NEBEKER, AV AF PETERSON, JA NEBEKER, AV TI ESTIMATION OF WATERBORNE SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS THAT ARE TOXICITY THRESHOLDS FOR WILDLIFE SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; AQUATIC BIRDS; IRRIGATION DRAINWATER; JAPANESE QUAIL; CHINOOK SALMON; COAL ASH; CALIFORNIA; MALLARDS; ACCUMULATION AB Contamination of freshwater systems can lead to mortality and impaired reproduction in wildlife. There is a growing need for methods to estimate waterborne contaminant concentrations that pose an unacceptable risk to semi-aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates that use aquatic habitats. Single-species toxicity data, information on contaminant bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs, and energy-based estimates of contaminant exposure to sensitive birds and mammals were used to estimate waterborne selenium levels that are toxicity thresholds for wildlife. Threshold estimates for birds and mammals with food habits that likely lead to high exposure to bioaccumulative contaminants in aquatic systems (e.g., piscivorous birds and mammals) were about 1-mu-g/L (ppb) waterborne selenium (dissolved selenium). The estimates are near the low end of toxicity thresholds developed by other investigators using different methods. The model may be a useful tool for estimating risks waterborne environmental contaminants pose to aquatic wildlife C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MAN TECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 115 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 154 EP 162 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JF109 UT WOS:A1992JF10900002 ER PT J AU NISHIOKA, MG LEWTAS, J AF NISHIOKA, MG LEWTAS, J TI QUANTIFICATION OF NITROXYLATED NITROAROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN SELECTED AMBIENT AIR DAYTIME WINTER SAMPLES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE URBAN AIR; AMBIENT AIR; NITRATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; NITRATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; HYDROXYLATED NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; HYDROXYLATED NITRO-POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; NO2-PAH; OH-NO2-AR; NITRO-PHENOLS ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; BIOASSAY-DIRECTED FRACTIONATION; DILUTE WOOD SMOKE; PARTICULATE MATTER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; 1-NITROPYRENE; PRODUCTS; EXTRACTS AB Two ambient air samples, both collected in a northern latitude city during winter daytimes, are compared here with regard to NO2-AR/PAH levels and OH-NO2-AR levels from filter and XAD-2 extracts. Detection of a previously unreported environmental constituent, tentatively identified as a NO2-azulene isomer, is discussed. The levels of the OH-NO2-AR were, in general, at least 4 times higher than levels of the corresponding NO2-AR. As with NO2-AR/PAH, OH-NO2-AR appear to be both primary source emissions and secondary photochemical products. The filter-collected para-substituted OH-NO2-AR in these samples appear to be the source emissions, while the XAD-collected ortho- and para-substituted OH-NO2-AR may be products of photochemical reactions. Other pollutant and meteorological data, including NO, NO2, HONO, sunlight intensity and fine-particle Pb and K concentrations, are also used to discuss differences between these samples. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NISHIOKA, MG (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2077 EP 2087 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90092-Y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JB794 UT WOS:A1992JB79400010 ER PT J AU OWEN, MK ENSOR, DS SPARKS, LE AF OWEN, MK ENSOR, DS SPARKS, LE TI AIRBORNE PARTICLE SIZES AND SOURCES FOUND IN INDOOR AIR SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE PARTICLES; INDOOR AIR; AEROSOLS; PARTICLES SIZE; INDOOR SOURCES; IAQ ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; PARTICULATE; EMISSIONS; SMOKING; RISK AB As concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) has grown in recent years, understanding indoor aerosols has become increasingly important so that control techniques may be implemented to reduce damaging health effects and soiling problems. This paper begins with a brief look at the mechanics of deposition in the lungs and the aerosol dynamics that influence particles at all times. This discussion shows that the particle diameters must be known to predict dose or soiling and to determine efficient mitigation techniques. The particle sizes produced by the various indoor sources, as well as unusual aspects of each type of source, must be known so that this process may begin. This paper summarizes the results of a literature search into the sources, sizes and concentrations of indoor particles. There are several types of indoor particles: plant and animal bioaerosols and mineral. combustion and home/personal care aerosols. These types may be produced indoors or outdoors, entering through building openings. The sources may be short term, seasonal or continuous. Particle sizes produced vary from submicrometer to larger than 10-mu-m. The particles may be toxic or allergenic. This information is presented in a summary table and is discussed in the text. C1 US EPA, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RP OWEN, MK (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST, CTR AEROSOL TECHNOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NR 46 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2149 EP 2162 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90403-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG150 UT WOS:A1992JG15000003 ER PT J AU LEWIS, CW ZWEIDINGER, RB AF LEWIS, CW ZWEIDINGER, RB TI APPORTIONMENT OF RESIDENTIAL INDOOR AEROSOL, VOC AND ALDEHYDE SPECIES TO INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SOURCES, AND THEIR SOURCE STRENGTHS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE - INDOOR AIR 90 : CHARACTERIZATION OF INDOOR AIR CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 1990 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE INDOOR; FINE PARTICLES; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC); ALDEHYDES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AB The average concentrations of 45 fine-particle aerosol, VOC and aldehyde species measured in 10 Boise, ID, residences in wintertime have been apportioned according to their contributions from all inside sources and all outside sources. In most of the homes the indoor source contribution was dominant for fine-particle Si, Ca and Fe, while the infiltration contribution was dominant for fine-particle S, K, Pb, Zn, mass and extractable organic matter. Indoor contributions to individual VOCs were frequently very large at a few residences and negligible at the others. All aldehydes were dominated by indoor sources. The apportionment results have also been expressed as indoor source strengths. RP LEWIS, CW (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2179 EP 2184 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90406-B PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG150 UT WOS:A1992JG15000006 ER PT J AU CHUANG, JC CAO, SR XIAN, YL HARRIS, DB MUMFORD, JL AF CHUANG, JC CAO, SR XIAN, YL HARRIS, DB MUMFORD, JL TI CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INDOOR AIR OF HOMES FROM COMMUNES IN XUAN-WEI, CHINA, WITH HIGH LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY-RATE SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE - INDOOR AIR 90 : CHARACTERIZATION OF INDOOR AIR CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 1990 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE INDOOR AIR; COAL; WOOD; GC/MS; PAH; LUNG CANCER AB In a rural county, Xuan Wei, China, the lung cancer mortality rate is among China's highest, especially in women. This mortality rate is more associated with indoor air burning of smoky coal, as opposed to smokeless coal or wood, for cooking and heating under unvented conditions. Homes using different fuels from communes with high and low lung cancer mortality rates were sampled for particulate matter (< 10-mu-m) and semivolatile organics. The fine particles obtained from homes using smoky coal contained highest concentrations of organic matter (> 70%), including PAH, followed by homes using wood and smokeless coal. The major components present in the smoky coal filter samples were PAH and alkylated PAH. The smokeless coal filter samples exhibited profiles which were similar to the smoky coal samples except that some sulfur compounds were found. The estimated concentration levels of PAH in the smokeless coal samples were about one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of the smoky coal samples. In addition to PAH, aliphatic compounds and fatty acids were the major components found in the wood samples. Selected sample extracts from homes using smoky coal were fractionated into four fractions, and the results showed that the PAH and polar fractions have high mutagenic activity. Chemical characterization of the PAH fraction indicated that concentrations of some alkylated PAH were higher than those of their parent compounds. Chemical characterization of the polar fractions showed that nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are present. C1 INST ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHUANG, JC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2193 EP 2201 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90408-D PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JG150 UT WOS:A1992JG15000008 ER PT J AU STANTON, ME FREEMAN, JH SKELTON, RW AF STANTON, ME FREEMAN, JH SKELTON, RW TI EYEBLINK CONDITIONING IN THE DEVELOPING RAT SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORNIX TRANSECTIONS DISRUPT; EYELID RESPONSE; AGE; ONTOGENY AB Long-Evans rat pups, 17-18 or 24 days of age, were trained with an eyeblink conditioning (EBC) procedure that was used previously with adult rats (Skelton, 1988). Pups received 3 sessions of delay conditioning in a single day at about 4-hr intervals (100 trials/session). Trials involved pairings of an auditory conditioned stimulus (2.8-kHz, 82-dB tone) and a periocular-shock unconditioned stimulus (US; 100 ms, 2 mA), which were presented 280 ms apart. EBC was observed at both ages, but older pups learned much more rapidly. Subsequent experiments established that this effect is associative (Experiment 2), that age differences in EBC cannot be attributed to differences in ability to respond or in sensitivity to the US (Experiment 3). and that EBC rate can be modulated by motivational state (Experiment 4). This preparation may help elucidate the relation between neural development and the ontogeny of learning. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV VICTORIA,VICTORIA V8W 2Y2,BC,CANADA. RP STANTON, ME (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Skelton, Ronald/E-5605-2012 NR 31 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0735-7044 J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Behav. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 106 IS 4 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.4.657 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JG958 UT WOS:A1992JG95800008 PM 1503658 ER PT J AU HERMANUTZ, RO AF HERMANUTZ, RO TI MALFORMATION OF THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS) IN AN ECOSYSTEM WITH ELEVATED SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL CHANNELS RP HERMANUTZ, RO (reprint author), US EPA,MONTICELLO ECOL RES STN,POB 500,MONTICELLO,MN 55362, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 49 IS 2 BP 290 EP 294 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JA281 UT WOS:A1992JA28100019 PM 1611253 ER PT J AU REDDY, TV DANIEL, FB LIN, ELC STOBER, JA OLSON, GR AF REDDY, TV DANIEL, FB LIN, ELC STOBER, JA OLSON, GR TI CHLOROFORM INHIBITS THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIETHYLNITROSAMINE-INITIATED, PHENOBARBITAL-PROMOTED GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE AND PLACENTAL FORM GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE-POSITIVE FOCI IN RAT-LIVER SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; HUMIC-ACID; MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; CHLORINATION; PRODUCTS; TUMORS; MODEL AB In this study we demonstrate that chloroform, a widely used industrial solvent, a medicinal chemical and a common drinking water contaminant, reduces the number of detectable preneoplastic enzyme-altered foci [gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase-positive (GGT+) and placental form glutathione S-transferase-positive (GST-P+)] in the liver of male Fischer 344 rats. The animals were given a partial hepatectomy and 18 h later received a single oral dose of either 0.5 mmol/kg diethylnitrosamine (DENA) or saline. Two weeks later, groups of 12 animals were stat-ted on drinking water containing phenobarbital with varying concentrations (200-1800 mg/1) of chloroform for 12 weeks. Treated and control animals were killed and the number and the volume of GGT+ and GST-P+ expressing hepatic foci were tabulated. The numbers of foci per unit volume (and per unit area), the percent focal volume and the focal liver were reduced by chloroform in a dose-dependent manner. The mean focal volume was not influenced by chloroform. A plausible explanation for these results could be that chloroform exerts its focal inhibitory effect either by selectively killing the putative initiated cells, by retarding the inherent growth rate of enzyme-altered cells or by reducing the effectiveness of the promoter, phenobarbital. The available evidence suggests that the first hypothesis is the most likely explanation for these observations. These results are consistent with earlier studies showing that chloroform inhibits tumorigenesis in rodents. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. RP REDDY, TV (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1325 EP 1330 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.8.1325 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JH652 UT WOS:A1992JH65200005 PM 1354081 ER PT J AU PRAH, JD BENIGNUS, VA AF PRAH, JD BENIGNUS, VA TI OLFACTORY EVOKED-RESPONSES TO ODOROUS STIMULI OF DIFFERENT INTENSITIES SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-STIMULATION; PERCEPTION; HUMANS AB In comparison to other senses, the electrophysiology of olfaction has been little studied in man. Some of the basic paradigms used in the study of the other senses have not yet been widely applied to olfaction. Fundamental information such as the effect of stimuli of different intensities on the olfactory evoked potential (OEP) has yet to be presented. To this end, 12 subjects received olfactometrically delivered odorant pulses of toluene at three intensity levels- 1600, 8000 and 16 000 p.p.m. Data were obtained from three electrode sites-Fz, Cz and Pz. An ANOVA revealed significant stimulus intensity and site effects. There was no difference in amplitude at the lowest intensities, although a significant increase in amplitude evoked by the 16 000 p.p.m. stimulus was observed. The amplitude recorded from Fz differed from that recorded from Pz. No latency differences were found, although there was a trend toward briefer latency with greater stimulus concentration. The OEP responds with increased amplitude to increased stimulus intensity, as do evoked responses in other sensory modalities. Stimulus control over the OEP amplitude can be obtained by varying the stimulus intensity. These data are evidence that the common principles of sensory processing may be extended to include the sense of smell. RP PRAH, JD (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,MED RES BLDG C,CB 7315,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD AUG PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1093/chemse/17.4.417 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA JL988 UT WOS:A1992JL98800005 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY, AIR-AND-WASTE-MANAGEMENT-ASSOCIATION - INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ON MEASUREMENT OF TOXIC AND RELATED AIR-POLLUTANTS, DURHAM, NORTH-CAROLINA, USA, 3-8 MAY, 1992 SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2-3 BP 246 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(92)85024-W PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA JP710 UT WOS:A1992JP71000015 ER PT J AU IRELAND, JC VALINIEKS, J AF IRELAND, JC VALINIEKS, J TI RAPID MEASUREMENT OF AQUEOUS HYDROXYL RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN STEADY-STATE HO FLUX SYSTEMS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE HYDROXYL RADICAL; 4-POBN; ADVANCED OXIDATION; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; GC MS ID ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; OH-RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; WATER; OZONE; PHOTOLYSIS; OZONATION; TCE; PCE AB The spin-trap compound alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (4-POBN) is utilized for the detection and quantitation of the hydroxyl radical (HO.) in aqueous solution. Capillary electrophoresis enables rapid analysis of the probe compound. The thermally unstable HO. radical adduct of 4-POBN can be unequivocally identified by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis of it's pentafluorobenzyl ether. The minimum steady-state flux of HO. is determined in several 'advanced oxidation systems" including photo-Fenton, ozone, and titanium dioxide based radical generators. C1 RIGA TECH UNIV,FAC CHEM TECHNOL,RIGA,LATVIA,USSR. RP IRELAND, JC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1992 VL 25 IS 3 BP 383 EP 396 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90555-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP936 UT WOS:A1992JP93600015 ER PT J AU BENNETT, WD CHAPMAN, WF GERRITY, TR AF BENNETT, WD CHAPMAN, WF GERRITY, TR TI INEFFECTIVENESS OF COUGH FOR ENHANCING MUCUS CLEARANCE IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE SMOKERS; AIRWAYS; SMOKING; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES; LUNG; DOGS AB Using monodisperse aerosols radiolabeled with Tc-99m, we studied the effectiveness of cough and rapid inhalations for clearing mucus in ten asymptomatic smokers, On three separate study days, each subject breathed 5-mu-m (MMAD) Tc-99m-iron oxide particles under controlled breathing conditions. While seated in front of a gamma camera, retention (R) of lung activity (measured as a percent of initial activity) was measured over the initial 2 h and again at 24 h following particle inhalation. On the control day the subject sat quietly in front of the camera, while on the cough day each subject performed 60 controlled coughs during the first hour of retention measurements, and on the rapid inhalation study day each subject performed 90 rapid inhalations during the first hour of retention measurements. Because breathing patterns were controlled during particle inhalation, initial lung deposition patterns were matched on control, cough, and rapid inhalation study days. By paired analysis, retentions at both 1 and 2 h (R1 and R2) for the cough and rapid inhalation measurements were not significantly different from control (mean control R1=69 percent; mean cough R1=66 percent; mean rapid inhalation R1=66 percent, NS; and mean control R2=59 percent, mean cough R2=55 percent; mean rapid inhalation R2=54 percent, NS). Retention at 24 h (R24) was not significantly different (between cough, rapid inhalation, and control measurements (mean cough R24=15 percent, mean rapid inhalation R24=14 percent, mean control R24=17 Percent). In other words, these young smokers with normal pulmonary function were unable to enhance their rate of mucus clearance by coughing. The inability of these young smokers to enhance their mucus clearance by cough suggests a change in the mucociliary apparatus from normal. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39411] NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 1992 VL 102 IS 2 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1378/chest.102.2.412 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA JH513 UT WOS:A1992JH51300020 PM 1643924 ER PT J AU BACHELET, D BROWN, D BOHM, M RUSSELL, P AF BACHELET, D BROWN, D BOHM, M RUSSELL, P TI CLIMATE CHANGE IN THAILAND AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON RICE YIELD SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AB In Thailand, the world's largest rice exporter, rice constitutes a major export on which the economy of the whole country depends. Climate change could affect rice growth and development and thus jeopardize Thailand's wealth. Current climatic conditions in Thailand are compared to predictions from four general circulation models (GCMs). Temperature predictions correlate well with the observed values. Predictions of monthly rainfall correlate poorly. Virtually all models agree that significant increases in temperature (from 1 to 7-degrees-C) will occur in the region including Thailand following a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. The regional seasonality and extent of the rise in temperature varies with each model. Predictions of changes in rainfall vary widely between models. Global warming should in principle allow a northward expansion of rice-growing areas and a lengthening of the growing season now constrained by low temperatures. The expected increase in water-use efficiency due to enhanced CO2 might decrease the water deficit vulnerability of dryland rice areas and could make it possible to slightly expand them. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BACHELET, D (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC USA,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 347 EP 366 DI 10.1007/BF00141376 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JF464 UT WOS:A1992JF46400002 ER PT J AU CHO, JS DIGIULIO, DC AF CHO, JS DIGIULIO, DC TI PNEUMATIC PUMPING TEST FOR SOIL VACUUM EXTRACTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN INST OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS CY 1991 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS AB In-situ pneumatic pumping tests were performed to estimate the pneumatic permeability at a site containing soils contaminated with aviation gasoline. Determination of pneumatic permeability was necessary to evaluate soil-air discharge or pore volume exchange rates. Pressure propagation was measured in clustered vapor probes during the application of vacuum and positive pressure. An analytical solution for soil-air pressure distribution with a non-linear data fitting algorithm was adopted to obtain the pneumatic permeability from soil-air pressure distribution. Pneumatic pumping tests indicated substantially higher air discharge rates in the immediate vicinity of wells. The air discharge rate dissipated rapidly as distance from the wells increased. Application of increased vacuum or injection pressure resulted in substantially increased airflow in the immediate vicinity with small changes at a distance. This fact indicates that effective design should be based on air flow fields near wells, and the site specific design criteria should be determined with carefully conducted tests. RP CHO, JS (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1002/ep.670110319 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP146 UT WOS:A1992JP14600014 ER PT J AU SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J AF SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J TI THE ROLE OF POLLUTION IN LARGE-SCALE POPULATION DISTURBANCES .1. AQUATIC POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; FISH; SEAL; MORTALITY; NEOPLASMS; DEATHS; EUROPE; COAST C1 UNIV PENN,BEHAV NEUROSCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SAROKIN, D (reprint author), US EPA,BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1476 EP 1484 DI 10.1021/es00032a001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JF520 UT WOS:A1992JF52000004 ER PT J AU MEYLAN, W HOWARD, PH BOETHLING, RS AF MEYLAN, W HOWARD, PH BOETHLING, RS TI MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY FRAGMENT CONTRIBUTION METHOD FOR PREDICTING SOIL SORPTION COEFFICIENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CHEMICALS; PESTICIDES; PHOSPHORUS; SYSTEM; INDEX AB The first-order molecular connectivity index ((1)chi) has been successfully used to predict soil sorption coefficients (K(oc)) for nonpolar organics, but extension of the model to polar compounds has been problematic. To address this, we developed a new estimation method based on (1)chi and a series of statistically derived fragment contribution factors for polar compounds. After developing an extensive database of measured K(oc) values, we divided the dataset into a training set of 189 chemicals and an independent validation set of 205 chemicals. Two linear regressions were then performed. First, measured log K(oc) values for nonpolar compounds in the training set were correlated with (1)chi. The second regression was developed by using the deviations between the measured log K(oc) and the log K(oc) estimated with the nonpolar equation and the number of certain structural fragments in the polar compounds. The final equation for predicting log K(oc) accounts for 96% and 86% of the variation in measured values for the training and validation sets, respectively. Results also show that the model outperforms and covers a wider range of chemical structures than do models based on octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)) or water solubility. C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX TS-798,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. SYRACUSE RES CORP,DIV CHEM HAZARD ASSESSMENT,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. NR 26 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1560 EP 1567 DI 10.1021/es00032a011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JF520 UT WOS:A1992JF52000016 ER PT J AU DAVIESVENN, C YOUNG, JC TABAK, HH AF DAVIESVENN, C YOUNG, JC TABAK, HH TI IMPACT OF CHLOROPHENOLS AND CHLOROANILINES ON THE KINETICS OF ACETOCLASTIC METHANOGENESIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE; TOXICITY; POND AB Bench-scale tests were conducted to assess the impact of monochlorophenols and monochloroanilines on the kinetics of acetoclastic methanogenesis. The procedure involved adding toxicant at two to three concentrations to cultures transferred from an acetate-enriched seed culture reactor. A control without toxicant was included as a basis for comparison. Unacclimated cultures were used to minimize the biodegradation of the toxic organic chemicals during the test. A finite-difference, nonlinear, least-squares algorithm was used to estimate kinetic parameters by obtaining a best fit of the experimental data to the classical Monod growth and substrate utilization model. Resulting kinetic coefficients revealed substantial changes in both the maximum rate of acetate conversion, k, and the half-velocity coefficient, K(s), when both chlorophenols and chloroanilines were used. Therefore, mixed inhibition was occurring. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. ENGN SCI INC,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1627 EP 1635 DI 10.1021/es00032a021 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JF520 UT WOS:A1992JF52000026 ER PT J AU CAVANAGH, JE WEINBERG, HS GOLD, A SANGALAH, R MARBURY, D GLAZE, WH COLLETTE, TW RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD AF CAVANAGH, JE WEINBERG, HS GOLD, A SANGALAH, R MARBURY, D GLAZE, WH COLLETTE, TW RICHARDSON, SD THRUSTON, AD TI OZONATION BY-PRODUCTS - IDENTIFICATION OF BROMOHYDRINS FROM THE OZONATION OF NATURAL-WATERS WITH ENHANCED BROMIDE LEVELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1658 EP 1662 DI 10.1021/es00032a027 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JF520 UT WOS:A1992JF52000032 ER PT J AU BOLYARD, M FAIR, PS HAUTMAN, DP AF BOLYARD, M FAIR, PS HAUTMAN, DP TI OCCURRENCE OF CHLORATE IN HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIONS USED FOR DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 US EPA,DIV TECH SUPPORT,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 6 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1663 EP 1665 DI 10.1021/es00032a028 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JF520 UT WOS:A1992JF52000033 ER PT J AU NEIHEISEL, TW YOUNG, ME AF NEIHEISEL, TW YOUNG, ME TI USE OF 3 ARTIFICIAL SEA SALTS TO MAINTAIN FERTILE SEA-URCHINS (ARBACIA-PUNCTULATA) AND TO CONDUCT FERTILIZATION TESTS WITH COPPER AND SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FERTILITY; SEA URCHINS; ARTIFICIAL SEAWATER; REFERENCE TOXICANTS AB Fertile sea urchins were maintained over six months in three commercial artificial seawaters (Forty Fathoms(R), HW Marinemix(R), and Instant Ocean(R)). Fertilization tests using the reference toxicants copper (Cu) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were conducted with the sea urchins in the artificial sea salt in which the organisms were maintained. The ranges of Cu and SDS no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for the tests in the three artificial seawaters overlapped one another and also the ranges of published results for animals maintained and tested in natural seawater. The 50% effect concentration (EC50) values of Cu for the tests using the three artificial seawaters were not significantly different. The EC50 value for SDS using HW Marinemix was significantly lower than values for tests using the other artificial seawaters. The artificial seawaters were judged acceptable for maintaining Arbacia punctulata and conducting fertilization tests, although additional research is required to optimize long-term maintenance of fertile animals. C1 TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP NEIHEISEL, TW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1185 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1179:UOTASS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JF772 UT WOS:A1992JF77200014 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP AF DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP TI HEPATOCARCINOGENICITY OF CHLORAL HYDRATE, 2-CHLOROACETALDEHYDE, AND DICHLOROACETIC ACID IN THE MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; DRINKING-WATER; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; STRAND BREAKS; BY-PRODUCTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MICE; DNA C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 66 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90147-A PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JG896 UT WOS:A1992JG89600001 PM 1516771 ER PT J AU HALL, LL FISHER, HL SUMLER, MR HUGHES, MF SHAH, PV AF HALL, LL FISHER, HL SUMLER, MR HUGHES, MF SHAH, PV TI AGE-RELATED PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION OF 2-SEC-BUTYL-4,6-DINITROPHENOL (DINOSEB) IN RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; SKIN; ADULT; INVITRO; METABOLISM; YOUNG; TESTOSTERONE; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS; MODEL C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP HALL, LL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90159-F PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JG896 UT WOS:A1992JG89600013 PM 1516783 ER PT J AU VIDIC, RD SORIAL, GA PAPADIMAS, SP SUIDAN, MT SPETH, TF AF VIDIC, RD SORIAL, GA PAPADIMAS, SP SUIDAN, MT SPETH, TF TI EFFECT OF MOLECULAR-OXYGEN ON THE SCALEUP OF GAC ADSORBERS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FIXED-BED ADSORBERS; ADSORPTION TESTS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; ACTIVATED CARBON; DESIGN AB A rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT), designed according to the assumption of no dependency of the intraparticle surface diffusion coefficient on the activated carbon particle size, was able to accurately predict breakthrough of three volatile organic chemicals as well as background organic matter under both oxic and anoxic conditions. A second RSSCT, however-designed assuming a linear dependency of the intraparticle surface diffusion coefficient on the activated carbon particle size-significantly overestimated the adsorptive capacity attainable from the large-column tests. The presence of molecular oxygen in the test environment increased the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon for background organic matter, yielding a delay in its breakthrough from an adsorber. Because of the increased capacity for background organic matter, the resultant capacity for volatile organic chemicals decreased because of competitive effects. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,741 BALDWIN HALL ML 71,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 8 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JH857 UT WOS:A1992JH85700017 ER PT J AU JEFFREY, WH CUSKEY, SM CHAPMAN, PJ RESNICK, S OLSEN, RH AF JEFFREY, WH CUSKEY, SM CHAPMAN, PJ RESNICK, S OLSEN, RH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA MUTANTS UNABLE TO CATABOLIZE BENZOATE - CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDOMONAS GENES INVOLVED IN BENZOATE CATABOLISM AND ISOLATION OF A CHROMOSOMAL DNA FRAGMENT ABLE TO SUBSTITUTE FOR XYLS IN ACTIVATION OF THE TOL LOWER-PATHWAY PROMOTER SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID META-CLEAVAGE PATHWAY; ACINETOBACTER-CALCOACETICUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HOST-RANGE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AERUGINOSA PAO; PLASMID PWWO; NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION AB Mutants of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 that are unable to convert benzoate to catechol were isolated and grouped into two classes: those that did not initiate attack on benzoate and those that accumulated 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid (benzoate diol). The latter mutants, represented by strain PP0201, were shown to lack benzoate diol dehydrogenase (benD) activity. Mutants from the former class were presumed either to carry lesions in one or more subunit structural genes of benzoate dioxygenase (benABC) or the regulatory gene (benR) or to contain multiple mutations. Previous work in this laboratory suggested that benR can substitute for the TOL plasmid-encoded xylS regulatory gene, which promotes gene expression from the OP2 region of the lower or meta pathway operon. Accordingly, structural and regulatory gene mutations were distinguished by the ability of benzoate-grown mutant strains to induce expression from OP2 without xyls by using the TOL plasmid xylE gene (encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) as a reporter. A cloned 12-kb BamHI chromosomal DNA fragment from the P. aeruginosa PAO1 chromosome complemented all of the mutations, as shown by restoration of growth on benzoate minimal medium. Subcloning and deletion analyses allowed identification of DNA fragments carrying benD, benABC, and the region possessing xylS substitution activity, benR. Expression of these genes was examined in a strain devoid of benzoate-utilizing ability, Pseudomonas fluorescens PFO15. The disappearance of benzoate and the production of catechol were determined by chromatographic analysis of supernatants from cultures grown with casamino acids. When P. fluorescens PFO15 was transformed with plasmids containing only benABCD, no loss of benzoate was observed. When either benR or xylS was cloned into plasmids compatible with those plasmids containing only the benABCD regions, benzoate was removed from the medium and catechol was produced. Regulation of expression of the chromosomal structural genes by benR and xylS was quantified by benzoate diol dehydrogenase enzyme assays. The results obtained when xylS was substituted for benR strongly suggest an isofunctional regulatory mechanism between the TOL plasmid lower-pathway genes (via the OP2 promoter) and chromosomal benABC. Southern hybridizations demonstrated that DNA encoding the benzoate dioxygenase structural genes showed homology to DNA encoding toluate dioxygenase from the TOL plasmid pWW0, but benR did not show homology to xylS. Evolutionary relationships between the regulatory systems of chromosomal and plasmid-encoded genes for the catabolism of benzoate and related compounds are suggested. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 62 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 174 IS 15 BP 4986 EP 4996 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JF345 UT WOS:A1992JF34500017 PM 1629155 ER PT J AU STELMA, GN MCCABE, LJ AF STELMA, GN MCCABE, LJ TI NONPOINT POLLUTION FROM ANIMAL SOURCES AND SHELLFISH SANITATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; DRINKING-WATER; LISTERIA; GASTROENTERITIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; TRANSMISSION AB Many of the microorganisms pathogenic to both animals and man are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Most of these pathogens could conceivably be transmitted through a shellfish vector. Bacteria potentially transmitted from animal to man via shellfish include most of the salmonellae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes. The protozoa most likely to be transmitted this way are Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. Because the enteric viruses are highly species-specific, they are not likely to be transmitted from animals to humans. There are environmental data showing that bacterial pathogens shed by both domestic and wild animals have been isolated from shellfish. However, there is little epidemiological evidence that illness outbreaks have been caused by shellfish harvested from waters polluted by animals. Unfortunately, epidemiological observations are of limited value because most illnesses are probably not recorded. In addition, more than half of the recorded outbreaks are of unknown etiology, and more than half of the shellfish implicated in illness outbreaks cannot be traced to their points of origin. More lenient bacteriological standards should not be established for waters affected only by animal pollution until health effects studies, have been performed, and an indicator that differentiates between human and nonhuman fecal pollution is available. Most of the pollution that originates from domestic animals could be eliminated by simple and inexpensive measures. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP STELMA, GN (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 87 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 55 IS 8 BP 649 EP 656 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JH351 UT WOS:A1992JH35100015 ER PT J AU CARTER, JH RICHMOND, RE CARTER, HW POTTER, CL DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB AF CARTER, JH RICHMOND, RE CARTER, HW POTTER, CL DANIEL, FB DEANGELO, AB TI QUANTITATIVE IMAGE CYTOMETRY OF HEPATOCYTES EXPRESSING GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE AND GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE IN DIETHYLNITROSAMINE-INITIATED RATS TREATED WITH PHENOBARBITAL AND OR PHTHALATE-ESTERS SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IMAGE CYTOMETRY; STEREOLOGY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; MARKERS; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; LIVER; PHTHALATE ESTERS; 2-STAGE CARCINOGENESIS ID PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; ALTERED FOCI; MULTISTAGE HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; CHEMICAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; PLACENTAL FORM; LIVER; MARKERS; ENZYME; CARCINOGENESIS AB Image cytometry was used to quantify the volume of liver expressing two histochemical markers associated with neoplasia, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P). Rats were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) followed by phenobarbital (PB), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), or di-n-octylphthalate (DOP) for 26 weeks. In one series, PB-treated rats were given 2.0%, 0.5%, or 0.1% DEHP in the feed. GGT expression was detected diffusely throughout the liver parenchyma in several treatment groups so that any enhanced expression in altered foci (AF) and nodules (N) was not apparent. GST-P was detected only in AF and N. GST-P may represent a second genetic alteration, as GST-P+ AF and N also expressed GGT but not the reverse. The peroxisome proliferator DEHP inhibited expression of GGT or GST-P in livers of either DENA-treated or DENA + PB-treated rats. With GST-P the reduction was correlated to a reduced number of AF and N. In contrast, DEHP's stereoisomer, DOP, was as effective as PB in promoting expression of both markers. We conclude that image cytometry of hepatocytes expressing GST-P can be used in the bioassay of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals that affect liver proliferation. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. WOOD HUDSON CTR RES LAB,NEWPORT,KY. NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41076. US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA MT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER 19 EAST 98TH ST SUTIE 9G, NEW YORK, NY 10029 SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1105 EP 1115 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JD972 UT WOS:A1992JD97200004 PM 1352315 ER PT J AU MUELLER, JG RESNICK, SM SHELTON, ME PRITCHARD, PH AF MUELLER, JG RESNICK, SM SHELTON, ME PRITCHARD, PH TI EFFECT OF INOCULATION ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF WEATHERED PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE-OIL SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOREMEDIATION; INOCULATION; PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SPILL; HYDROCARBONS; SOIL AB Enrichment cultures from oil-contaminated beach material from Prince William Sound, Alaska. generated both a mixed bacterial community of indigenous, oil-degrading marine microorganisms and a pure culture oil-degrader, strain E12V. The mixed and axenic cultures were used in comparative shake flask studies of inoculation on biodegradation of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Within 12 h following inoculation of homogenized, oiled beach material with the mixed culture, total CO2 production was increased 2-fold relative to a noninoculated control. Moreover, measurements of phenanthrene degradation (as determined by the release of (CO2)-C-14 from [9-C-14]phenanthrene) showed a 2- or 3-fold greater degradation when inoculated with either strain EI2V or with the mixed culture, respectively. However, as medium was replaced by a simulated tidal cycle, the observed stimulation of CO2 production decreased, and the addition of strain E12V had no greater effect on total CO2 production than the addition of inorganic nutrients alone. Chemical analysis of oil recovered after 7 days incubation also suggested that, while these cultures are capable of efficient biodegradation of Prudhoe Bay crude in liquid culture, inoculation of beach material with high numbers of these microorganisms had little effect on the rate and extent of biodegradation of weathered crude oil. Overall, the sustained stimulatory effect was no greater than that observed with the addition of inorganic nutrients alone. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SO BIO PROD TECHNOL INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 10 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1007/BF01583841 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JL254 UT WOS:A1992JL25400004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KB CRISWELL, HE JENSEN, KF SIMSON, PE MUELLER, RA BREESE, GR AF JOHNSON, KB CRISWELL, HE JENSEN, KF SIMSON, PE MUELLER, RA BREESE, GR TI COMPARISON OF THE D(1)-DOPAMINE AGONISTS SKF-38393 AND A-68930 IN NEONATAL 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE-LESIONED RATS - BEHAVIORAL-EFFECTS AND INDUCTION OF C-FOS-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID BRAIN DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS; MESSENGER-RNA; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; 6-OHDA-LESIONED RATS; ROTATIONAL BEHAVIOR; CIRCLING BEHAVIOR; INDUCED SEIZURES; D-1 ANTAGONIST; SPINAL-CORD; EXPRESSION AB Administration of the selective Dl-dopamine receptor agonist 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF-38393) to neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats results in profound behavioral manifestations and induction of striatal c-fos-like immunoreactivity. The full D1-dopamine agonist I,[R,S]1-aminomethyl-3,4-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-1H-2-benz opyran hydrochloride (A-68930), like SKF-38393, produced a dose-dependent, D1-selective increase in locomotor activity and striatal c-fos-like immunoreactivity. These responses were antagonized by a D1-dopamine antagonist, but not by a D2-dopamine antagonist. A-68930 produced locomotor activation at a lower dose that SKF-38393, but no dose of A-68930 was able to produce the magnitude of locomotor activation seen with SKF-38393. Both A-68930 and SKF-38393 induced similar stereotyped behaviors and possessed similar propensities to induce self-injurious behavior in neonatally lesioned rats; however, A68930 was significantly more potent than SKF-38393 in inducing these behaviors. When either SKF-38393 or A-68930 were administered repeatedly at 2-week intervals, behavioral sensitization (priming) occurred. However, unlike SKF-38393, a high dose of A-68930 produced seizure activity and markedly desensitized D1-dopamine receptor activation for up to 3 days after administration. These results with A-68930 provide additional evidence that the specific behavioral and biochemical responses observed in neonatally lesioned rats after SKF-38393 administration are due to actions on D1-dopamine receptors, and indicate that A68930 provides a new tool for investigating D1-dopamine receptor function. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,NEUROBIOL CURRICULUM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JOHNSON, KB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,BRAIN & DEV RES CTR,CB 7250,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-23042, HD-03110]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-21345] NR 57 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 262 IS 2 BP 855 EP 865 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JH661 UT WOS:A1992JH66100054 PM 1354257 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, J MARCINOWSKI, F MACONAUGHEY, K AF PHILLIPS, J MARCINOWSKI, F MACONAUGHEY, K TI 2 EPA APPROACHES TO RADON SURVEYS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article ID RN-222 AB In an attempt to characterize radon distribution in residential settings, the USEPA initiated two distinct survey programs, the National Residential Radon Survey (NRRS) and the State/EPA Residential Radon Survey (SRRS). Each survey is different in their level of analysis, with the NRRS concentrating on a national sample, and the SRRS concentrating on individual statewide samples. Both surveys are random and statistically-valid, enabling the survey samples to be extrapolated to represent a much larger population. This paper details each survey's design and provides an examination of the unique approach each program uses to generate sound characterizations of radon distribution in the United States. RP PHILLIPS, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 161 IS 1 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1007/BF02034901 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JP684 UT WOS:A1992JP68400028 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, A AF SCHMIDT, A TI EPAS APPROACH TO RADON RISK ASSESSMENT SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER AB The Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that 20,000 lung cancer deaths per year may be related to radon exposure. This paper briefly describes the approach used to derive the Agency's central estimate of risk to the population. The weight-of-evidence for classifying radon as a known human carcinogen and the uncertainties associated with estimating risks from radon exposure provide an important context for these estimates and are briefly discussed. RP SCHMIDT, A (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 161 IS 1 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1007/BF02034902 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JP684 UT WOS:A1992JP68400029 ER PT J AU LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR PAULSEN, PJ STEVENS, RK AF LIN, ZC ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR PAULSEN, PJ STEVENS, RK TI TAGGING DIESEL AND RESIDENTIAL OIL FURNACE EMISSIONS IN ROANOKE, VIRGINIA, WITH ENRICHED ISOTOPES OF SAMARIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AEROSOL AB Stable isotopic tracers were used in Roanoke, Virginia, to tag particulate emissions from diesel trucks and residential oil furnaces, two sources of soot and PAHs which cannot be differentiated on the basis of known constituents. Approximately 1.6 g of enriched Sm-149 were used to tag 264 m3 of diesel fuel burned by the city bus and truck fleets; 0.39 g of Sm-150 were used to tag 106 m3 of residential heating oil. Picogram amounts of the tracers were determined simultaneously by thermalionization mass spectrometry in fine particles collected within the city at signal-to-noise ratios as large as 6000. These results demonstrate the feasibility of tracing particles from multiple combustion sources with stable, separated isotopes. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP LIN, ZC (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Ondov, John/B-6605-2009 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1062 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK816 UT WOS:A1992JK81600005 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, CR KATS, G OLSZYK, DM ADAMS, CJ AF THOMPSON, CR KATS, G OLSZYK, DM ADAMS, CJ TI HUMIDITY AS A MODIFIER OF VEGETATION RESPONSES TO OZONE - DESIGN AND TESTING OF A HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEM FOR OPEN-TOP FIELD CHAMBERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PLANTS AB A system was designed, constructed, and tested for increasing the relative humidity in open-top field chambers used for air pollution studies. The system consisted of a propane-fired steam boiler capable of generating 454 kg hr-1 of dry steam at 0.1055 g cm-2 (15 PSI), ducting to supply humidified air to open-top chambers, and humidistats to control the humidity level in each chamber. Performance tests showed that under warm, dry conditions (air temperatures of 30-degrees-C and ambient relative humidity of 10 percent) the humidity level could be increased by 43 percent in each of two chambers or 25 percent in each of six chambers. At higher ambient humidities or cooler ambient temperatures, greater increases in relative humidity could be achieved. Temperature rise in the humidified chambers was 2.0-4.5-degrees-C vs. nonhumidified chambers on warm days due to the injected steam and solar heating of the galvanized steel ducting. Insulating the ducting reduced this difference to 1.6-2.3-degrees-C. Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were grown in twelve chambers for four months in a 2 x 2 factorial design to detect interactions between ambient air pollutants, principally ozone, and relative humidity on leaf injury (senescence) or yield (total dry weight). The treatments were: charcoal-filtered air and added humidity; charcoal-filtered air and ambient (dry) humidity; nonfiltered air and added humidity; and nonfiltered air and ambient (dry) humidity. There was a significant humidity x ozone interaction on leaf injury and vegetative growth with ambient ozone, causing more necrosis in the humidified than in dry chambers. In contrast, there was no interaction between humidity and ozone on bean production. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,COOPERAT EXTENS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP THOMPSON, CR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1063 EP 1066 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK816 UT WOS:A1992JK81600006 ER PT J AU DALTON, SM TOOLEONEIL, B GULLETT, BK DRUMMOND, CJ AF DALTON, SM TOOLEONEIL, B GULLETT, BK DRUMMOND, CJ TI SUMMARY OF THE 1991 EPRI EPA DOE SO2 CONTROL SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The 1991 SO2 Control Symposium was held December 3-6, 1991, in Washington, D.C. The symposium, jointly sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), focused attention on recent improvements in conventional sulfur dioxide (SO2) control technologies, emerging processes, and strategies for complying with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Its purpose was to provide a forum for the exchange of technical and regulatory information on SO2 control technology. Over 800 representatives of 20 countries from government, academia, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process suppliers, equipment manufacturers, engineering firms, and utilities attended. In all, 50 U.S. utilities and 10 utilities in other countries were represented. In 11 technical sessions, a diverse group of speakers presented 111 technical papers on development, operation, and commercialization of wet and dry FGD, Clean Coal Technologies, and combined sulfur dioxide/nitrogen oxides (SO2/NO(x)) processes. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONTROL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236. RP DALTON, SM (reprint author), ELECT POWER RES INST,SO2 CONTROL RES PROGRAM,3412 HILLVIEW AVE,POB 10412,PALO ALTO,CA 94303, USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1110 EP 1117 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK816 UT WOS:A1992JK81600012 ER PT J AU MECKES, MC RENARD, E RAWE, J WAHL, G AF MECKES, MC RENARD, E RAWE, J WAHL, G TI SOLVENT-EXTRACTION PROCESSES - A SURVEY OF SYSTEMS IN THE SITE PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Solvent extraction of contaminated soils, sludges and sediments has been successfully completed at a number of Superfund sites. Each commercialized process uses a unique operating system to extract organic contaminants from solids. These operating systems may be classified by the properties of the solvents each utilizes: (1) standard solvents, (2) near-critical fluids/liquified gases, and (3) critical solution temperature solvents. Pretreatment and post-treatment requirements vary depending upon the operating systems of the solvent extraction system. Future demonstrations of these technologies by the U.S. EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program will provide additional information regarding the efficacy of these processes. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. RP MECKES, MC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1118 EP 1121 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK816 UT WOS:A1992JK81600013 ER PT J AU RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH WILD, DK REASONER, DJ AF RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH WILD, DK REASONER, DJ TI SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157 - H7 IN DRINKING-WATER ASSOCIATED WITH A WATERBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK OF HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Survival characteristics were similar for two strains of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and a typical indicator strain of E. coli in a portable ground water source. Die-off was more rapid at 20-degrees-C than at 5-degrees-C. There was no significant difference among the rates of survival for the strains examined. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 7 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1992.tb00719.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JG791 UT WOS:A1992JG79100002 ER PT J AU KEMP, WM SAMPOU, PA GARBER, J TUTTLE, J BOYNTON, WR AF KEMP, WM SAMPOU, PA GARBER, J TUTTLE, J BOYNTON, WR TI SEASONAL DEPLETION OF OXYGEN FROM BOTTOM WATERS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY - ROLES OF BENTHIC AND PLANKTONIC RESPIRATION AND PHYSICAL EXCHANGE PROCESSES SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; COMMUNITY RESPIRATION; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; PELAGIC METABOLISM; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; GAS-EXCHANGE; LATE SUMMER; MOBILE-BAY; NUTRIENT; HYPOXIA AB Seasonal O2 budgets were developed for the mesohaline region of Chesapeake Bay (USA), which experiences bottom water O2 depletion in summer. Rates of O2 production and consumption by the planktonic community and O2 consumption by the benthos were measured at 1 to 4 wk intervals from March to October at 2 stations. Under summer anoxic conditions, rates of sulfide diffusion from sediments were also measured directly with in situ chambers. Weekly observations of water column temperature, salinity and O2, combined with wind data and regression models, allowed calculation of air-sea gas exchange. Using these rates in mass-balance analyses for the upper and lower water column layers, we were able to compute net physical O2 transport across the pycnocline and longitudinally through the bottom layer. Mean monthly estimates of these net physical O2 transports were highly correlated to their respective O2 gradients, Slopes of these correlations provided estimates of the average spring-summer vertical dispersion coefficient (0.2 cm2 s-1) and net gravitational water velocity (5 cm s-1), both of which correspond to previous reports. Vertically integrated planktonic respiration rates in the lower water column layer were compared to benthic O2 consumption from April to August. In general, planktonic processes dominated O2 consumption, comprising almost two-thirds of the total. Oxygen consumption associated with benthic processes, however, exceeded planktonic rates in early spring prior to vernal warming and in late August when large S2- fluxes resulted from release of accumulated pore water pools. By combining our respiration data with values from other coastal environments and plotting rates versus water-column depth, we find a general relation in which planktonic respiration exceeds benthic respiration for systems deeper than 5 m. Hence, for stratified estuaries with bottom layers thicker than 5 m, seasonal O2 depletion is driven primarily by planktonic respiration rather than benthic consumption of accumulated organic pools. A comparison of mean monthly rates for bottom respiration (plankton plus benthos) and net physical O2 replenishment here revealed that the 2 processes were highly correlated between March and October; both rates increased through July and declined thereafter. This strong correlation underscores a fundamental interdependence of biological O2 consumption and net physical transport, which is based on the O2 gradient by which the 2 processes are coupled. Consequently, relatively large reductions in respiratory O2 consumption (e.g. with decreased organic inputs) would lead to substantially smaller decreases in the extent of bottom water O2 depletion because of an inherent adjustment between the coupled biological and physical processes. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES, CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB, SOLOMONS, MD 20688 USA. US EPA, NARRAGANSETT MARINE LAB, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA. RP KEMP, WM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES, HORN POINT ENVIRONM LABS, CAMBRIDGE, MD 21613 USA. RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013 NR 81 TC 155 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.3354/meps085137 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JP184 UT WOS:A1992JP18400012 ER PT J AU Short, KA King, RJ Seidler, RJ Olsen, RH AF Short, K. A. King, R. J. Seidler, R. J. Olsen, R. H. TI Biodegradation of phenoxyacetic acid in soil by Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103), a constitutive degrader of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; soil; PAA; 2,4-D; GEM; pseudomonad AB The efficacy of using genetically engineered microbes (GEMS) to degrade recalcitrant environmental toxicants was demonstrated by the application of Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103) to an Oregon agricultural soil amended with 500 mu g/g of a model xenobiotic, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA). P. putida PP0301( pR0103) is a constitutive degrader of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and is also active on the non-inducing substrate, PAA. PAA is the parental compound of 2,4,dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and whilst the indigenous soil microbiota degraded 500 mu g/g 2,4-D to less than 10 mu g/g, PAA degradation was insignificant during a 40-day period. No significant degradation of PAA occurred in soil inoculated with the parental strain P. putida PP0301 or the inducible 2,4-D degrader P. putida PP0301(pR0101). Moreover, co-amendment of soil with 2,P-D and PAA induced the microbiota to degrade 2,4-D; PAA was not degraded. P. putida PP0301(pR0103) mineralized 500-mu g/g PAA to trace levels within 13 days and relieved phytotoxicity of PAA to Raphanus sativus (radish) seeds with 100% germination in the presence of the GEM and 7% germination in its absence. In unamended soil, survival of the plasmid-free parental strain P. putida PP0301 was similar to the survival of the GEM strain P. putida PP0301(pR0103). However, in PAA amended soil, survival of the parent strain was over 10 000-fold lower (< 3 colony forming units per gram of soil) than survival of the GEM strain after 39 days. C1 [King, R. J.] US EPA, Environm Res Lab, NSI Technol Serv Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Short, K. A.; Olsen, R. H.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Short, KA (reprint author), Upjohn Co, Bioproc Res & Dev, Unit 1400 89 1, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. FU US Environmental Protection Agency-Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory FX This study was supported, in part, by the US Environmental Protection Agency-Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 1 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00160.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA V00QK UT WOS:000206802300003 PM 1344988 ER PT J AU HOUK, VS AF HOUK, VS TI THE GENOTOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL-WASTES AND EFFLUENTS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE INDUSTRIAL WASTES; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; HAZARDOUS WASTES; GENETIC BIOASSAYS ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENTS; KRAFT CHLORINATION EFFLUENTS; PRESERVING BOTTOM-SEDIMENT; MAMMALIAN-MICROSOME ASSAY; SPENT BLEACHING LIQUORS; WATER-TREATMENT WORKERS; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB A review of the literature published on the genotoxicity of industrial wastes and effluents using short-term genetic bioassays is presented in this document. The importance of this task arises from the ubiquity of genotoxic compounds in the environment and the need to identify the sources of contamination so that efforts aimed at control and minimization can be implemented. Of even greater significance is the immediate concern for the welfare of human health and the environment. Subheadings of this document include a description of the genetic bioassays that have been used to test industrial wastes, a compendium of methods commonly used to prepare crude waste samples for bioassay, and a review of the genetic toxicity of wastes and effluents. Wastes and effluents have been grouped according to industrial source. Major categories include chemical and allied products, pulp and paper manufacturing, defense and munitions, petroleum refining, primary metal industries, and miscellaneous industrial manufacturers. Within each industrial category, a synopsis of individual genetic toxicity studies is presented, followed by an interpretation of results on a comprehensive, industry-wide basis. In this evaluation, a discussion of the types and extent of genotoxic damage caused by a particular set of wastes is presented, and potential sources of genotoxic activity are identified. Concluding the document is a commentary, which discloses potential shortcomings in the way in which current legislation protects human heath and the environment from the release of genotoxic substances via industrial wastes and effluents. It also provides an assessment of the genotoxic burden that industrial wastes place on the environment. RP HOUK, VS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,MAILDROP 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 187 TC 216 Z9 221 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 277 IS 2 BP 91 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90001-P PG 48 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JD169 UT WOS:A1992JD16900001 PM 1378533 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JM SETZER, RW AF ROGERS, JM SETZER, RW TI SELECTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY - MISUSE OF THE CONCEPT VIA MISAPPLICATION OF A MISDEFINED A/D RATIO - REPLY SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TERATOGENIC HAZARDS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; SYSTEM C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV RES SUPPORT,BIOSTAT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ROGERS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460203 PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA JF754 UT WOS:A1992JF75400002 ER PT J AU BERNDTSON, WE CLEGG, ED AF BERNDTSON, WE CLEGG, ED TI DEVELOPING IMPROVED STRATEGIES TO DETERMINE MALE REPRODUCTIVE RISK FROM ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPLICATION REQUIREMENTS; SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS; TESTICULAR FUNCTION; SPERMATOGENESIS; RABBITS; BULLS; RATS; FERTILITY; NUMBER; DBCP C1 US EPA,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH RD689,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BERNDTSON, WE (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT ANIM & NUTR SCI,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90232-G PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA JH200 UT WOS:A1992JH20000004 PM 16727132 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM WILLIAMS, WC COPELAND, CB LUEBKE, RW ANDREWS, DL AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ RIDDLE, MM WILLIAMS, WC COPELAND, CB LUEBKE, RW ANDREWS, DL TI DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RATS AND MICE IN THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY OF 2-METHOXYETHANOL AND 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-METHOXYETHANOL; 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; SPECIES DIFFERENCES ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; ETHER; IMMUNOTOXICITY; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE AB Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that 2-methoxyethanol (ME) and its principal metabolite 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA) are immunosuppressive in young adult male Fischer 344 rats. in the present study, the immunosuppressive potential of ME and MAA was evaluated in young adult female Fischer 344 rats and C57BL/6J mice. Rats and mice were dosed by gavage with either ME or MAA in water, at dosages ranging from 50-400 mg/kg/day, for 10 consecutive days. Rats and mice were examined for alterations in body, spleen and thymus weights and mitogen-induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in vitro; separate groups were employed for the antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS). Rats dosed at 100-400 mg/kg/day ME and rats dosed at 50-400 mg/kg/day MAA had decreased thymus weights in the absence of decreased body or spleen weights. Lymphoproliferative (LP) responses to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Salmonella typhimurium mitogen (STM) were all reduced in rats treated with all dosages of ME. Rats treated with MAA displayed similar reductions in these LP responses except that the responses to PWM and STM in rats dosed at 50 mg/kg/day were not reduced. In contrast to the effects of ME and MAA on these end points in the rat, no thymic involution or suppression of LP responses were observed in mice dosed at 50-400 mg/kg/day. The PFC response to TNP-LPS was suppressed in rats dosed with either ME or MAA at dosages of 100-400 mg/kg/day. M E and MAA, however, failed to suppress the PFC response in mice immunized with TNP-LPS. These results indicate that unlike Fischer 344 rats, C57BL/6J mice are insensitive to the immunosuppressive effects of ME and MAA at the dosages employed in this study. Whether the different sensitivities of these two rodent species to ME- and MAA-induced immunosuppression are due to immunologic, pharmacokinetic or metabolic differences within each species remains to be determined. C1 MANTECH CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-92,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 74 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90043-E PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JJ566 UT WOS:A1992JJ56600006 PM 1514188 ER PT J AU CHANG, LY HUANG, Y STOCKSTILL, BL GRAHAM, JA GROSE, EC MENACHE, MG MILLER, FJ COSTA, DL CRAPO, JD AF CHANG, LY HUANG, Y STOCKSTILL, BL GRAHAM, JA GROSE, EC MENACHE, MG MILLER, FJ COSTA, DL CRAPO, JD TI EPITHELIAL INJURY AND INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IN THE PROXIMAL ALVEOLAR REGIONS OF RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO A SIMULATED PATTERN OF URBAN AMBIENT OZONE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT-RATS; RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLITIS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CELL RENEWAL; PPM OZONE; LUNG; INHALATION; RESPONSES; JUVENILE; GROWTH C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,TORONTO M5G 1X8,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP CHANG, LY (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,BOX 3177,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 52 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 115 IS 2 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90329-Q PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JF755 UT WOS:A1992JF75500013 PM 1641858 ER PT J AU JACKSON, RB AF JACKSON, RB TI ON ESTIMATING AGRICULTURES NET CONTRIBUTION TO ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB Fossil fuel combustion, chlorofluorocarbon releases, and agricultural activities (including deforestation) are the primary anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases. Of the three sources, agriculture is the only one that also has a sink capacity. Thus, an accounting of the net carbon (C) flux is required to properly evaluate agriculture's contribution and to determine the opportunities for emissions mitigation through changes in agricultural practices. Common data sets and a standard accounting method are required to perform country-by-country net C analyses. This research used agricultural census data to determine that U.S. agriculture removed 1.3 Pg of CO2 from the atmosphere, in 1987, in the plants that it produced. The turnover times and the fate of this C were not ascertained. The research also showed that 6.4 Tg of CH4 was emitted from live U.S. agricultural animals. A net C flux was computed, but is incomplete, because rice CH4, plant and animal waste CH4 and CO2, and soil-atmosphere C fluxes could not be estimated from the census data. Additionally, agriculture's net contribution to atmospheric C was found to depend critically on the boundaries of the analysis. RP JACKSON, RB (reprint author), US EPA,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF00477098 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500009 ER PT J AU WINJUM, JK DIXON, RK SCHROEDER, PE AF WINJUM, JK DIXON, RK SCHROEDER, PE TI ESTIMATING THE GLOBAL POTENTIAL OF FOREST AND AGROFOREST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES TO SEQUESTER CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB Forests play a prominent role in the global C cycle. Occupying one-third of the earth's land area, forest vegetation and soils contain about 60% of the total terrestrial C. Forest biomass productivity can be enhanced by management practices, which suggests that, by this means, forests could store more C globally and thereby slow the increase in atmospheric CO2. The question is how much C can be sequestered by forest and agroforest management practices. To address the question, a global database of information was compiled to assess quantitatively the potential of forestry practices to sequester C. The database presently has information for 94 forested nations that represent the boreal, temperate and tropical latitudes. Results indicate that the most promising management practices are reforestation in the temperate and tropical latitudes, afforestation in the temperate regions, and agroforestry and natural reforestation in the tropics. Across all practices, the median of the mean C storage values for the boreal latitudes is 16 tCha-1 (n=46) while in the temperate and tropical latitudes the median values are 71 tCha-1 (n=401) and 66 tCha-1 (n=170), respectively. Preliminary projections are that if these practices were implemented on 0.6 to 1.2 x 10(9) ha of available land over a 50-yr period, approximately 50 to 100 GtC could be sequestered. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP WINJUM, JK (reprint author), US EPA,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1007/BF00477103 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500014 ER PT J AU BARNWELL, TO JACKSON, RB ELLIOTT, ET BURKE, IC COLE, CV PAUSTIAN, K PAUL, EA DONIGIAN, AS PATWARDHAN, AS ROWELL, A WEINRICH, K AF BARNWELL, TO JACKSON, RB ELLIOTT, ET BURKE, IC COLE, CV PAUSTIAN, K PAUL, EA DONIGIAN, AS PATWARDHAN, AS ROWELL, A WEINRICH, K TI AN APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL SOIL CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; TURNOVER; MODEL; CO2; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; STORAGE AB Agroecosystems contain about 12 % of the terrestrial soil C and play an important role in the global C cycle. We describe a project to evaluate the degree to which management practices can affect soil C in agroecosystems. The objectives of the project are to determine if agricultural systems can be managed to conserve and sequester C and thereby reduce the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere, and to provide reference datasets and methodologies for agricultural assessments. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 49060. AQUA TERRA CONSULTANTS,MT VIEW,CA 94043. COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP BARNWELL, TO (reprint author), US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1007/BF00477114 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500025 ER PT J AU GELDREICH, EE FOX, KR GOODRICH, JA RICE, EW CLARK, RM SWERDLOW, DL AF GELDREICH, EE FOX, KR GOODRICH, JA RICE, EW CLARK, RM SWERDLOW, DL TI SEARCHING FOR A WATER-SUPPLY CONNECTION IN THE CABOOL, MISSOURI DISEASE OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OUTBREAK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MODEL; PUBLIC SUPPLY; UNTREATED GROUNDWATER ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; O157-H7 AB A recent disease outbreak resulting in 4 deaths, 32 hospitalizations and a total of 243 documented cases of diarrhea was linked epidemiologically and by on-site data gathering supported by the use of a distribution system model to the public water supply. The pathogenic agent, Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7, was isolated from patients' feces in tests conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. Illness was restricted to people using public water supply. Untreated groundwater quality was not a factor but some disturbances in the distribution system, possibly 43 water meter replacements and 2 line breaks, may have allowed contaminants to enter the water supply. This is the first time a distribution system model has been used to show that the pattern of illness occurrences in a waterborne outbreak study could be related to water movement patterns in the distribution network. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ENTER DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP GELDREICH, EE (reprint author), US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB, DIV DRINKING WATER RES, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. NR 28 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1127 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90150-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JD048 UT WOS:A1992JD04800015 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, P AF SCHROEDER, P TI CARBON STORAGE POTENTIAL OF SHORT ROTATION TROPICAL TREE PLANTATIONS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FORESTS; BIOMASS AB Forests are a major sink for carbon and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Not only do forests contain huge amounts of carbon, they exchange it very actively with the atmosphere. Expanding the world's forests, therefore, may present an opportunity to increase the terrestrial carbon sink, and slow the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The tropical zones of the world seem particularly attractive for forestation because of the high rates of productivity that can potentially be attained there, and because there appear to be large areas of land that would benefit from tree planting. The analysis described here examines the carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations in particular. Mean long-term carbon storage over multiple rotations was calculated for several commonly grown species. Rotation length, and hence the potential to accumulate biomass, is shown to be a key factor in the ability of plantations to remove carbon from the atmosphere over the long-term. RP SCHROEDER, P (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 26 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG911 UT WOS:A1992JG91100002 ER PT J AU BRISKIN, J AF BRISKIN, J TI CONTAMINATION OF WELLS DOES EXIST SO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter RP BRISKIN, J (reprint author), US EPA,NATL PESTICIDE SURVEY,1200 6TH AVE,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0002-1458 J9 AGR ENG PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 3 EP & PG 0 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA JB540 UT WOS:A1992JB54000004 ER PT J AU OTTO, D HUDNELL, HK PRAH, J AF OTTO, D HUDNELL, HK PRAH, J TI METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES OF LOW-LEVEL SOLVENT MIXTURES SO APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SENSORY IRRITATION; ILLNESS AB Assessment of sensory irritant and neurobehavioural effects of exposure to complex solvent mixtures poses a variety of methodological challenges, particularly at the low levels typically found in new buildings. Healthy young adult males were exposed to a 25mg/m3 mixture of 22 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) representative of the highest concentration found in new homes. This concentration is equivalent to about 7ppm toluene. This mixture produced no consistent effects on performance of an extensive neurobehavioural battery, but did elicit classical "sick building syndrome" (SBS) symptoms of eye and throat irritation, headache and fatigue. Failure to find functional deficits could be due to several factors: (1) The neurobehavioural tests may not have been sensitive (or difficult) enough to detect effects; (2) healthy young adult males are probably the least likely subset of the general population to show performance decrements. Further study is needed to determine which subsets are most vulnerable to low-level solvent exposure; (3) finally, low-level VOC mixtures may not be neurotoxic. Other physiological endpoints (e.g. inflammatory response and pulmonary function), need to be explored. RP OTTO, D (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0269-994X J9 APPL PSYCHOL-INT REV JI Appl. Psychol.-Int. Rev.-Psychol. Appl.-Rev. Int. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1992.tb00702.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA JE695 UT WOS:A1992JE69500005 ER PT J AU REEVE, MW OCONNELL, LP BISSELL, S ROSS, J AF REEVE, MW OCONNELL, LP BISSELL, S ROSS, J TI CHARACTERIZATION OF METHOMYL DISSIPATION ON GRAPE FOLIAGE SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP REEVE, MW (reprint author), US EPA,DIV PEST MANAGEMENT ENVIRONM PROTECT & WORKER SAFETY,WORK HLTH & SAFETY BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 94271, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HV736 UT WOS:A1992HV73600016 PM 1392283 ER PT J AU BEEGLE, CC YAMAMOTO, T AF BEEGLE, CC YAMAMOTO, T TI INVITATION PAPER (CP-ALEXANDER-FUND) - HISTORY OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID CRYSTAL PROTEIN GENE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SUBSP KURSTAKI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VAR TENEBRIONIS; PARASPORAL CRYSTALS; B-THURINGIENSIS AB This review article starts with the discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in Japan at the tum of the century and notes that the observations of the early Japanese workers clearly show that they were aware of the toxin-mediated nature of the activity of B. thuringiensis toward insect larvae. The early work in Europe with B. thuringiensis against Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) showed that the bacterium had promise as a microbial control agent. The commercial development of B. thuringiensis in France in the late 1930s, and in Eastern Europe and the United States in the 1950s, is traced. C1 SANDOZ AGRO INC, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. RP BEEGLE, CC (reprint author), US EPA, OPP, EFGWB, H7507C, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 221 TC 123 Z9 135 U1 3 U2 22 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 124 IS 4 BP 587 EP 616 PG 30 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JK199 UT WOS:A1992JK19900003 ER PT J AU BECHTOLD, WE WILLIS, JK SUN, JD GRIFFITH, WC REDDY, TV AF BECHTOLD, WE WILLIS, JK SUN, JD GRIFFITH, WC REDDY, TV TI BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO BENZENE - S-PHENYLCYSTEINE IN ALBUMIN SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID RATS; BINDING; AFLATOXIN-B1; HEMOGLOBIN; ADDUCTS; DOSIMETRY; INVIVO; BREATH AB Results of experiments in our laboratory have shown that benzene is metabolized by animals in part to an intermediate that binds to cysteine groups in hemoglobin to form the adduct S-phenylcysteine (SPC). These results suggested that SPC in hemoglobin may be an effective biological marker for exposure to benzene. However, we could not detect SPC in the globin of humans occupationally exposed to benzene concentrations as high as 28 p.p.m. for 8 h/day, 5 days/week. As another approach, we examined the binding of benzene to cysteine groups of a different blood protein, albumin. To facilitate the process, a new method for the precipitative isolation of albumin from plasma was also developed. The isolated albumin was analyzed for SPC by isotope dilution GC - MS. We used this approach to measure SPC in the albumin of F344/N rats exposed by gavage to 0- 10 000-mu-mol/kg benzene. Amounts of albumin-associated SPC increased as a function of dose, followed by a leveling off in the amount of SPC seen at doses > 1000-mu-mol/kg. Levels of SPC were measured in humans occupationally exposed to average concentrations of 0, 4.4, 8.4 and 23 p. p. m. benzene 8 h/day, 5 days/week. Of nine controls, seven had levels of SPC below the limit of detection (0.1 pmol SPC/mg albumin). SPC increased in the exposed groups linearly, giving a statistically significant slope (P < 0.001) of 0.044 +/- 0.008 pmol/mg albumin/p.p.m. with an intercept of 0.135 +/- 0.095 pmol/mg albumin. From this study, we conclude that SPC in albumin may prove useful as a biomarker for benzene exposure. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP BECHTOLD, WE (reprint author), LOVELACE BIOMED & ENVIRONM RES INST,INHALAT TOXICOL RES INST,POB 5890,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUL PY 1992 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.7.1217 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JF049 UT WOS:A1992JF04900022 PM 1638689 ER PT J AU GROGAN, J DEVITO, SC PEARLMAN, RS KORZEKWA, KR AF GROGAN, J DEVITO, SC PEARLMAN, RS KORZEKWA, KR TI MODELING CYANIDE RELEASE FROM NITRILES - PREDICTION OF CYTOCHROME P450 MEDIATED ACUTE NITRILE TOXICITY SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALIPHATIC NITRILES; INVIVO; MICE AB A mechanism-based model for prediction of acute nitrile toxicity was developed using octanol-water partition coefficients (log P) and estimated rates of alpha-hydrogen atom abstraction as variables. Relative rates of hydrogen atom abstraction were derived from differences in heats of formation for ground-state and radical geometries and radical ionization potentials. Calculated energies of activation for all potential sites of oxidation for a given nitrile were used to estimate partitioning of metabolites among multiple oxidative pathways. log P and the resulting corrected rate constants for alpha-carbon oxidation were effective variables in an acute toxicity model of structurally diverse nitriles. The pharmacokinetics of substrate disposition is discussed in the context of multiple metabolic pathways. Structure-toxicity relationships are also discussed. C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX TS779,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NCI,MOLEC CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV TEXAS,COLL PHARM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.1021/tx00028a014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA JE609 UT WOS:A1992JE60900015 PM 1391621 ER PT J AU KEDDERIS, LB DILIBERTO, JJ JACKSON, JA LINKO, P GOLDSTEIN, JA BIRNBAUM, LS AF KEDDERIS, LB DILIBERTO, JJ JACKSON, JA LINKO, P GOLDSTEIN, JA BIRNBAUM, LS TI EFFECTS OF DOSE AND ROUTE OF EXPOSURE ON DIOXIN DISPOSITION SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID ETHOXYRESORUFIN O-DEETHYLASE; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; AH RECEPTOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; AGONISTS; BINDING; RATS AB The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD) was studied in male F344 rats. Oral absorption was dose-dependent. Absorption of 1 nmol/kg by both the oral and intratacheal (itr) routes was approximately 80%, whereas only approximately 12% was absorbed through the skin. Tissue distribution was dependent on dose, time, and route of exposure. Liver:fat ratios of 3.4, 2.9, 2.0, and 1.5 were observed 3 days after iv, oral itr, and dermal administration, respectively, of 1 nmol/kg. Liver:fat ratios were 0.2 and 2.6 by 56 days after 1 and 100 nmol/kg iv, respectively. Dose-depend-ent elimination in urine and feces was observed beginning 3 weeks after iv administration. However, auto-induction of dioxin metabolism did not occur in vivo when evaluated by bilary excretion of [H-3]TBDD or [H-3]TCDD in pretreated and naive rats. Dose-response profiles for TBDD induction of hepatic cytochromes CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 indicated the latter to be more sensitive response. Finally, comparison of the dose-response behavior for TBDD induction of hepatic CYP1A2 with hepatic concentrations of TBDD Suggests that induction of CYP1A2 alone does not account for nonlinearities in dioxin disposition exemplified by dose-related increase in the ratio of dioxin concentrations in liver and fat. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. METI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP KEDDERIS, LB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90467-6 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN851 UT WOS:A1992JN85100002 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, BD DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS AF ABBOTT, BD DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS TI MECHANISMS OF TCDD-INDUCTION OF CLEFT-PALATE - INSIGHTS FROM INVIVO AND INVITRO APPROACHES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID EPITHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; RETINOIC ACID; ORGAN-CULTURE; SHELVES; MICE AB TCDD induced cleft palate (CP) in C57BL6N embryos by altering proliferation and differentiation of palatal medial epithelial cells. These effects correlated with altered expression of the growth factors, TGF-alpha, EGF, TGF-beta-1 and TGF-beta-2, and the EGF receptor. Synergistic interactions between TCDD and retinoic acid (RA) or hydrocortisone (HC) resulted in CP induction-at doses too low to induce CP if given alone. Clefts produced by TCDD + RA or TCDD + HC were due to growth inhibition, an outcome differing from that of TCDD alone. TCDD, RA, and HC all had different effects on growth factor expression with the strongest effects on TGF-beta, TGF-alpha, and EGF. In palatal organ culture, concentration-dependent effects on medial epithelial cells occurred in C57BL/6N mouse, F344 rat, and human palates. The responsiveness to TCDD was absent in serum-free cultures, suggesting that an additional factor is required in vitro. The mechanism of TCDD activity appears to involve growth facto expression and may interact with RA and glucocorticoid pathways. RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90483-8 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN851 UT WOS:A1992JN85100018 ER PT J AU KOREN, HS JOYCE, M DEVLIN, RB BECKER, S DRISCOLL, K MADDEN, MC AF KOREN, HS JOYCE, M DEVLIN, RB BECKER, S DRISCOLL, K MADDEN, MC TI MODULATION OF EICOSANOID PRODUCTION BY HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES EXPOSED TO SILICA INVITRO SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE OF THE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE IN THE CLEARANCE OF INHALED PARTICLES CY SEP 19-21, 1990 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP EUROPEAN LATE EFFECTS PROJECT ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION; RELEASE; INFLAMMATION; INTERLEUKIN-1; PATHOGENESIS; MONOCYTES; GROWTH AB Repeated inhalation of silica dust can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in human lung and in experimental animal models. The alveolar macrophage is believed to play a pivotal role in this process. Numerous macrophage-derived growth factors, cytokines, and arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to contribute to inflammation and fibrosis. The objective of this study was to determine the eicosanoid production by human alveolar macrophages in response to silica exposure in vitro and to assess the contribution of alveolar macrophages to silica-induced fibrosis and inflammation. Macrophages were obtained from healthy volunteers and were incubated for 3 or 24 hr in the presence of silica (100, 60, and 0-mu-g/mL). Supernatants were removed for eicosanoid analysis. Eicosanoids were analyzed by both high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. The data suggest that silica causes an increased release of leukotriene B4, leukotrienes C4/D4/E4, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) after 3 hr and decreases in prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 production after 24 hr of exposure to 100-mu-g/mL silica. In addition, 12-HETE and 15-HETE production remained unchanged at either time point. These opposing effects seen with the metabolites of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways could contribute to silica-induced fibrosis. The pattern of eicosanoid production after exposure to silica was different from that obtained when macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for 3 or 24 hr, indicating that the response to the particles was not just due to general cellular activation. C1 ABB ENVIRONM INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45247. RP KOREN, HS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 97 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JL411 UT WOS:A1992JL41100009 PM 1327740 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M MADDEN, MC SAMET, JM KOREN, HS AF FRIEDMAN, M MADDEN, MC SAMET, JM KOREN, HS TI EFFECTS OF OZONE EXPOSURE ON LIPID-METABOLISM IN HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE OF THE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE IN THE CLEARANCE OF INHALED PARTICLES CY SEP 19-21, 1990 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP EUROPEAN LATE EFFECTS PROJECT ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; INFLAMMATION; INHALATION; RABBIT AB Alveolar macrophages (AM) store arachidonic acid (AA), which is esterified in cellular phospholipids until liberated by phospholipase A2 or C after exposure to inflammatory stimuli. After release, there can be subsequent metabolism of AA into various potent, biologically active mediators including prostaglandins and platelet-activating factor (PAF). To examine the possibility that these mediators may account for some of the pathophysiologic alterations seen in the lung after ozone (O3) exposure, human AM were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage of normal subjects, plated into tissue culture dishes, and the adherent cells were incubated with [H-3]AA or [H-3]lysoPAF. Human AM exposed to 1.0 ppm O3 for 2 hr released 65 +/- 12% more tritium, derived from [H-3]AA, than paired, air-exposed controls into media supernatants. In other studies using a similar O3 exposure protocol, there was also a significant increase in human AM prostaglandin E2 production (2.0 +/- 0.5-fold increase above air-exposure values, p < 0.01, n = 17). In additional studies, using a similar O3 exposure protocol (1.0 ppm for 1 hr), there was also a significant increase in human AM PAF content (1.7 +/- 0.2-fold increase above air-exposure values, p < 0.02, n = 5). These potent lipid mediators, originally derived from human AM, may play an important role in the mechanisms of O3 lung toxicity. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27511. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED & CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CB 7310,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04951, ES07126] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 97 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.2307/3431335 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JL411 UT WOS:A1992JL41100012 PM 1396473 ER PT J AU HARWELL, MA COOPER, W FLAAK, R AF HARWELL, MA COOPER, W FLAAK, R TI PRIORITIZING ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN-WELFARE RISKS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; RELATIVE RISK REDUCTION; EPA; WELFARE RISKS AB The ecological systems of Earth are subjected to a wide array of environmental stresses resulting from human activities. The development of appropriate environmental protection and management policies and the appropriate allocation of resources across environmental stresses require a systematic evaluation of relative risks. The data and methodologies for comprehensive ecological risk assessment do not exist, yet we do have considerable understanding of ecological stress-response relationships. A methodology is presented to utilize present knowledge for assignment of relative risks to ecological systems and human welfare from anthropogenic stresses. The resultant priorities, developed for the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) relative risk reduction project, highlight global climate change, habitat alteration, stratospheric ozone depletion, and species depletion as the highest environmental risks, significantly diverging from the present emphasis by EPA and the public on toxic chemical issues. Enhanced attention to ecological issues by EPA and development of ecological risk assessment methodologies that value ecological and economic issues equitably are key recommendations. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP HARWELL, MA (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 451 EP 464 DI 10.1007/BF02394121 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB082 UT WOS:A1992JB08200003 ER PT J AU MCKINNEY, J ROGERS, R AF MCKINNEY, J ROGERS, R TI METAL BIOAVAILABILITY - EPA WORKSHOP IDENTIFIED RESEARCH NEEDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS LAB,DIV RES SUPPORT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MCKINNEY, J (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS LAB,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1298 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/es00031a603 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JA725 UT WOS:A1992JA72500007 ER PT J AU LINDGREN, ER PERSHING, DW KIRCHGESSNER, DA DREHMEL, DC AF LINDGREN, ER PERSHING, DW KIRCHGESSNER, DA DREHMEL, DC TI FUEL RICH SULFUR CAPTURE IN A COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBONYL SULFIDE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SURFACE-AREA; KINETICS; COAL AB A refractory-lined, natural gas furnace was used to study fuel rich sulfur capture reactions of calcium sorbents under typical combustion conditions. The fuel rich sulfur species H2S and COS were monitored in a near-continuous fashion using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photo-metric detector and an automatic sampling system which sampled every 30 s. Below the fuel rich zone, 25% excess air was added and the ultimate fuel lean capture was simultaneously measured using a continuous SO2 monitor. Under fuel rich conditions high levels of sulfur capture were obtained, and calcium utilization increased with sulfur concentration. The ultimate lean capture was found to be weakly dependent on sulfur concentration and independent of the sulfur capture level obtained in the fuel rich zone. Thus, for the sorbents used in this study, the high captures realized in the rich zone were lost in the lean zone. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT CHEM ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1427 EP 1433 DI 10.1021/es00031a022 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JA725 UT WOS:A1992JA72500027 ER PT J AU DONALDSON, WT AF DONALDSON, WT TI THE ROLE OF PROPERTY REACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN MEETING THE EPAS NEEDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FATE CONSTANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note CT SYMP ON STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY AND STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS ( SARS ) IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY, PACIFICHEM 89 CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, CHEM SOC JAPAN, CANADIAN SOC CHEM DE PROPERTY REACTIVITY CORRELATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; FATE DATA BASE; MEASUREMENT PROTOCOLS ID HYDROLYSIS AB During the next 10 years, the Environmental Protection Agency may consider as many as 70,000 chemicals for potential risk to humans and the environment. As many as 14 kinetic and equilibrium constants can be required for predicting the fate and transport of each chemical, and relatively few reliable constants are available in the literature. Laboratory measurement of the needed constants is prohibitively expensive (as much as $7 billion for all constants and chemicals combined) and too slow for rapid response to site-specific evaluations. Development of reliable computational methods holds promise of a 100- to 1000-fold reduction in cost of providing fate constants within a reasonable time frame. RP DONALDSON, WT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 11 IS 7 BP 887 EP 891 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[887:TROPRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JA713 UT WOS:A1992JA71300002 ER PT J AU NIEMI, GJ BASAK, SC VEITH, GD GRUNWALD, G AF NIEMI, GJ BASAK, SC VEITH, GD GRUNWALD, G TI PREDICTION OF OCTANOL WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT (KOW) WITH ALGORITHMICALLY DERIVED VARIABLES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY AND STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS ( SARS ) IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY, PACIFICHEM 89 CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, CHEM SOC JAPAN, CANADIAN SOC CHEM DE OCTANOL WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT; PREDICTION; CHEMICALS; STRUCTURE; REGRESSION ID CHEMICALS; INDEXES; TOXICITY AB A statistical model was developed with algorithmically derived independent variables based on chemical structure for prediction of octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow)) measured for more than 4,000 chemicals. The procedure first classified the chemicals into 14 groups based on the number of hydrogen bonds, and then best-subsets, multiple-regression analysis was used to predict K(ow) within groups. In addition, a training set/test set approach was used to provide an independent evaluation of the sensitivity of the model to the number of chemicals and variables used within each group. In general, the explained variation (r2) was higher and the standard error of the estimates (SEE) lower in the training sets as compared with the test set groups, whereas analyses of the combined data sets were generally intermediate. Explained variation among the 14 groups, using the combined data sets, ranged from 63 to 90%, and SEE ranged from 0.37 to 0.78 in logarithmic units. Plots of the residuals indicated a normal scatter. These results are similar to reported error rates in other models. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP NIEMI, GJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 11 IS 7 BP 893 EP 900 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[893:POWPCK]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JA713 UT WOS:A1992JA71300003 ER PT J AU COLLETTE, TW AF COLLETTE, TW TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY-BASED PROPERTY REACTIVITY CORRELATIONS FOR PREDICTING ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF ORGANIC-CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY AND STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS ( SARS ) IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY, PACIFICHEM 89 CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, CHEM SOC JAPAN, CANADIAN SOC CHEM DE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (SARS); PROPERTY REACTIVITY CORRELATIONS (PRCS); INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE CONSTANTS ID MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; HYDROLYSIS; DEGRADATION; ESTERS AB A conventional structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been established between the alkaline hydrolysis rate constants (k(OH)) of 12 alkyl and aryl formates and acetates and the linear combination of the frequencies of the C=O and C-O infrared (IR) absorbance peaks. The inability of this relationship to predict k(OH) values for more structurally diverse carboxylic acid esters led to the development of a prototype of a prediction system that employs multiple linear regression analysis, using points from the Fourier transforms (FTs) of IR spectra. Conventional SARs have also been observed between single IR peak parameters and the microbial degradation rate constants of amides (C=O peak frequencies), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate esters (C-H peak intensities), phenols (O-H peak frequencies), and anilines (N-H stretching peak intensities). These observations indicate the feasibility of extending the FT-based prediction system to microbial degradation when reliable rates are available for additional compounds. RP COLLETTE, TW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 11 IS 7 BP 981 EP 991 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JA713 UT WOS:A1992JA71300011 ER PT J AU GEORGE, JD PRICE, CJ MARR, MC KIMMEL, CA SCHWETZ, BA MORRISSEY, RE AF GEORGE, JD PRICE, CJ MARR, MC KIMMEL, CA SCHWETZ, BA MORRISSEY, RE TI THE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF ETHYLENE-GLYCOL DIETHYL-ETHER IN MICE AND RABBITS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO DOSE CONTROL; DIMETHYL ETHER; RATS; DISPOSITION C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,DEV & REPROD TOXICOL GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GEORGE, JD (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR LIFE SCI & TOXICOL,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-55080] NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90023-B PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JD216 UT WOS:A1992JD21600003 PM 1397797 ER PT J AU TOTH, GP KELTY, KC GEORGE, EL READ, EJ SMITH, MK AF TOTH, GP KELTY, KC GEORGE, EL READ, EJ SMITH, MK TI ADVERSE MALE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS FOLLOWING SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE OF RATS TO SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; PRODUCTS; TOXICITY; CHLORINATION; PHARMACOLOGY; SPERMATOZOA; MOTILITY; PYRUVATE; INVIVO C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP TOTH, GP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD & DEV BIOCHEM BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90028-G PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JD216 UT WOS:A1992JD21600008 PM 1397802 ER PT J AU MEYER, DH KRULL, N DREHER, KL GRESSNER, AM AF MEYER, DH KRULL, N DREHER, KL GRESSNER, AM TI BIGLYCAN AND DECORIN GENE-EXPRESSION IN NORMAL AND FIBROTIC RAT-LIVER - CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AND REGULATORY FACTORS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAT-STORING CELLS; DERMATAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; ACIDIC GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN COMPONENTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TRANSITIONAL CELLS; HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; KUPFFER CELLS; CORE PROTEIN; CLONED CDNA AB The expression of genes encoding the core proteins of the novel small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans decorin and biglycan was studied in the livers of normal rats and in liver tissue during fibrogenesis induced by prolonged bile-duct ligation and thioacetamide poisoning. The cell types responsible for the expression of these transcripts and some key regulatory factors were identified. Both biglycan and decorin messenger RNAs were detected in normal liver tissue. Their relative abundance increased strongly during liver fibrogenesis, reaching highest levels in cirrhotic tissue 8 wk after common bile-duct ligation and after 12 wk of peroral thioacetamide administration, respectively. Specific proteoglycan transcripts were almost absent in hepatocytes from normal and regenerating liver, and only trace amounts were observed in freshly isolated and cultured Kupffer cells. Fat-storing cells clearly expressed both biglycan and decorin transcripts. The steady-state levels of their messenger RNAs increased threefold (biglycan) and fourfold (decorin) during primary culture. Myofibroblastlike cells (transformed fat-storing cells after the second passage) contained dramatically reduced levels of decorin messenger RNA and also lower levels of biglycan messenger RNA compared with primary cultures. These changes of core protein messenger RNA expression were not reflected by the synthesis rates, of medium proteoglycans labeled with S-35 as Na2SO4, in particular that of medium chondroitin sulfate. Transiently acidified (but not native) conditioned media from Kupffer cells and myofibroblastlike cells,and trans forming growth factor-beta-1 enhanced the relative abundances of biglycan and decorin messenger RNAs up to five times in primary-pultured fat-storing cells. Biglycan and decorin in myofibroblastlike cells did not respond to these stimuli. Instead, transforming growth factor-alpha-conditioned and native conditioned media, both inefficient in primary cultures, were most effective in the elevation of the steady-state levels of these proteoglycan transcripts in transformed fat-storing cells. The data provide evidence for the expression of both biglycan and decorin in normal and fibrotic liver, which is a property of fat-storing cells and myofibroblastlike cells. Biglycan and decorin transcript levels are differentially regulated by transforming growth factor-beta-1, transforming growth factor-alpha, Kupffer cell-conditioned medium and myofibroblastlike cell-conditioned medium in fat-storing cells and their transformed counterparts. C1 PHILIPPS UNIV,DEPT CLIN CHEM,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. UNIV MARBURG,CENT LAB,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 78 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 204 EP 216 DI 10.1002/hep.1840160131 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JB684 UT WOS:A1992JB68400030 PM 1618472 ER PT J AU LIEBESMAN, L SHAW, R MEAGHER, J MOYER, S DICKEY, GE GOLDSTEIN, E WENDEL, DP AF LIEBESMAN, L SHAW, R MEAGHER, J MOYER, S DICKEY, GE GOLDSTEIN, E WENDEL, DP TI PROTECTING WETLANDS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USA,CIVIL WORKS,THE PENTAGON,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. OEOB,WASHINGTON,DC. US EPA,DIV WETLANDS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL WILDLIFE FEDERAT,DIV FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. RP LIEBESMAN, L (reprint author), SEMMES BOWEN & SEMMES,250 W PRATT ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21207, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 84 IS 7 BP 26 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JF094 UT WOS:A1992JF09400005 ER PT J AU FELDMANN, CR WALASEK, JB LOBRING, LB AF FELDMANN, CR WALASEK, JB LOBRING, LB TI PROCEDURE FOR PRESERVING LEAD IN DRINKING-WATER SAMPLES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's requirement that drinking water samples collected for lead analysis be acidified at the time of collection poses two problems: (1) restrictions on mailing nitric acid and (2) safety concerns associated with the possible handling of nitric acid by nontechnical persons. A study was undertaken that showed that acidification could be delayed up to 14 days and that analysis could then be carried out after waiting 28 h, without loss of lead. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SUPPORT LAB,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP FELDMANN, CR (reprint author), US EPA,DIV TECH SUPPORT,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 84 IS 7 BP 89 EP 91 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JF094 UT WOS:A1992JF09400013 ER PT J AU KNUTH, ML HEINIS, LJ AF KNUTH, ML HEINIS, LJ TI DISSIPATION AND PERSISTENCE OF CHLORPYRIFOS WITHIN LITTORAL ENCLOSURES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PONDS; TOXICITY; DURSBAN; PERMETHRIN; WATER; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS; SEDIMENT AB This study was performed to characterize the distribution, persistence, and mass balance of chlorpyrifos in pond water and sediment and to investigate the feasibility of an enclosure design for environmental chemistry studies. The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos was applied once to the surface of 12 littoral enclosures (5 x 10 m) constructed in a 2-ha pond near Duluth, MN. The insecticide was applied as Dursban 2E at nominal concentrations of 0.0, 0.5,5.0, and 20.0-mu-g/L active ingredient. Maximum concentrations in the water were measured 1 h after application, and the half-life ranged from 4.7 h in the 20.0-mu-g/L enclosure to 8.0 h in the 0.5-mu-g/L enclosure. In the 20.0-mu-g/L treatment, 95% had dissipated by 7 days. The bulk of the pesticide was initially in the aqueous phase but, after quickly dissipating from the water, trace amounts remaining were primarily associated with the sediment phase. The mass balance at 1 day was 22.5% aqueous and 3.2% sediment, by 64 days it was 0.17% and 0.95%, respectively, and by 420 days there was an estimated 0.04% and a measured 0.5%, respectively. The littoral enclosure design proved to be a feasible means of studying the environmental chemistry of chlorpyrifos. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. RP KNUTH, ML (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1257 EP 1263 DI 10.1021/jf00019a036 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200036 ER PT J AU PERRY, SG AF PERRY, SG TI CTDMPLUS - A DISPERSION MODEL FOR SOURCES NEAR COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY .1. TECHNICAL FORMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED LAYER; DIFFUSION; FLOW AB The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDMPLUS), a point-source, steady-state model for complex-terrain applications, is described. The model simulates the flow and plume distortion near user-selected, three-dimensional terrain features, yet retains simplicity by applying flow-distortion corrections to flat-terrain, Gaussian, and bi-Gaussian pollutant distributions. The algorithms for stable and near-neutral conditions are based on the demonstrated concept of a dividing streamline. These algorithms were developed using data from three major plume-impaction field studies and a number of fluid-modeling studies. The algorithms for plumes released into convective layers are based on recent understanding of the convective boundary layer through fluid modeling, numerical modeling, and field studies. The non-Gaussian nature of vertical dispersion is accounted for; lateral dispersion is modeled with the aid of convective scaling concepts. A terrain preprocessor and a meteorological preprocessor, which provide input specifically for the CFDMPLUS model, are described. The model requires a fully three-dimensional description of individual terrain features in order to estimate flow (and plume) distortions. Estimates of surface-layer parameters (friction velocity and Monin-Obukhov length) and depth of the mixed layer are required to define the state of the boundary layer. RP PERRY, SG (reprint author), US EPA,NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,MD-80,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 7 BP 633 EP 645 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0633:CADMFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JB334 UT WOS:A1992JB33400001 ER PT J AU COTHERN, CR AF COTHERN, CR TI SOME SCIENTIFIC JUDGMENTS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE DOSE DELIVERY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE ROUTE; PHARMACOKINETICS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCIENTIFIC JUDGMENTS AB The assessment of risk due to environmental contaminants depends, in part, on scientific data. When such data are incomplete, as is usually the case, assumptions based on scientific judgments are made to analyze the consequences. Specifically, when health related data needed to assess the risk posed by environmental contaminants are missing or incomplete, it becomes necessary to make assumptions using scientific judgment to estimate the risk. Different scientists can and do make different assumptions, and the resulting differences in opinion can result in controversy. The present discussion presents a few of the consensus judgments of the Science Advisory Board (SAB) of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency concerning the health effects and risk for such environmental contaminants as 1,2-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane, para-dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, perchloroethykne, and xylene, as well as the implications of the more likely cancer mechanisms, the exposure routes, and pharmacokinetics to the risk assessment process. In some of these examples, the scientific data have been developed to the extent that specific judgments by groups such as the SAB can result in greater confidence that one is correct in the assessment of risk. Because of the uncertainties in current scientific knowledge for many environmental contaminants, judgments differ and there is no right or wrong opinion. RP COTHERN, CR (reprint author), US EPA,SCI ADVISORY BOARD,A-101F,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL ENV JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Sci. PD JUL-DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 235 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KH424 UT WOS:A1992KH42400005 ER PT J AU LEV, O REGLI, S AF LEV, O REGLI, S TI EVALUATION OF OZONE DISINFECTION SYSTEMS - CHARACTERISTIC CONCENTRATION-C SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently promulgated drinking water regulations known as the surface water treatment rule (SWTR) to control viruses, Giardia lamblia, Legionella, and heterotrophic bacteria. The SWTR specifies overall minimum removal and inactivation efficiencies by filtration and disinfection for Giardia lamblia and viruses. The CT concept is used to predict inactivation efficiencies. CT stands for the product of characteristic exposure time (T) and the characteristic concentration (C) of the disinfectant in the disinfection chamber. This paper presents an analysis of ways to characterize ozone concentration in water disinfection systems for the purpose of calculating ozone inactivation efficiencies. Guidelines to predict the characteristic (or average) ozone concentration are developed for four types of ozone reactors, including rigorously mixed systems, cocurrent and countercurrent contactors, and flow segments (i.e., where no ozone gas is introduced but where residuals in a water C1 US EPA,DIV CRITERIA & STAND,SCI & TECHNOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LEV, O (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RI Lev, Ovadia/A-8579-2010 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 118 IS 4 BP 477 EP 494 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:4(477) PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE701 UT WOS:A1992JE70100003 ER PT J AU VENOSA, AD HAINES, JR ALLEN, DM AF VENOSA, AD HAINES, JR ALLEN, DM TI EFFICACY OF COMMERCIAL INOCULA IN ENHANCING BIODEGRADATION OF WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL CONTAMINATING A PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND BEACH SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OIL BIODEGRADATION; ALLOCHTHONOUS BACTERIA; FIELD TESTING; RANDOMIZED BLOCK; OIL SPILL; ALKANES; HYDROCARBONS ID DEGRADATION; BACTERIA AB In a laboratory study evaluating the effectiveness of 10 commercial products in stimulating enhanced biodegradation of Alaska North Slope crude oil, two of the products provided significantly greater alkane degradation in closed flasks than indigenous Alaskan bacterial populations supplied only with excess nutrients. These two products, which were microbial in nature, were then taken to a Prince William Sound beach to determine if similar enhancements were achieveable in the field. A randomized complete block experiment was designed in which four small plots consisting of a no-nutrient control, a mineral nutrient plot, and two plots receiving mineral nutrients plus the two products were laid out in random order on a beach in Prince William Sound that had been contaminated 16 months earlier from the Exxon Valdez spill. These four plots comprised a 'block' of treatments, each block being replicated four times on the same beach. Triplicate samples of beach sediment were collected at four time intervals and analyzed for oil residue weight and alkane hydrocarbon profile changes. The results indicated no significant differences (P < 0.05) among the four treatments in the 27-day time period of the experiment. A statistical power analysis, however, revealed that the variability in the data prevented a firm conclusion in this regard. Failure to detect significant differences was attributed not only to variability in the data but also to the highly weathered nature of the oil and the lack of sufficient time for biodegradation to take place. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT STAT,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP VENOSA, AD (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF01583628 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JK325 UT WOS:A1992JK32500001 ER PT J AU VENOSA, AD HAINES, JR NISAMANEEPONG, W GOVIND, R PRADHAN, S SIDDIQUE, B AF VENOSA, AD HAINES, JR NISAMANEEPONG, W GOVIND, R PRADHAN, S SIDDIQUE, B TI EFFICACY OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS IN ENHANCING OIL BIODEGRADATION IN CLOSED LABORATORY REACTORS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOAUGMENTATION; HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION; ALKANES; AROMATICS; RESPIROMETRY; OXYGEN UPTAKE; CRUDE OIL ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; BACTERIA AB A laboratory screening protocol was designed and conducted to test the efficacy of eight commercial bacterial cultures and two non-bacterial products in enhancing the biodegradation of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil in closed flasks. Three lines of evidence were used to support the decision to progress to field testing in Prince William Sound: rapid onset and high rate of oxygen uptake, substantial growth of oil degraders, and significant degradation of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of the weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil. A product had to enhance biodegradation greater than that achieved with excess mineral nutrients. Experiments were conducted in closed respirometer flasks and shake flasks, using seawater from Prince William Sound and weathered crude oil from a contaminated beach. Analysis of the data resulted in selection of two of the ten products for field testing. Both were bacterial products. Findings suggested that the indigenous Alaskan microorganisms were primarily responsible for the biodegradation in the closed flasks and respirometer vessels. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP VENOSA, AD (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1007/BF01583629 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JK325 UT WOS:A1992JK32500002 ER PT J AU GATCHETT, AM FRADKIN, L MOORE, MG AF GATCHETT, AM FRADKIN, L MOORE, MG TI EPAS FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER ACT PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In 1986, the Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA) was established to promote a closer, collaborative relationship between federal government agencies and the private sector. With the increasing need for new cost-effective technologies to prevent and control pollution, both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and private industry are encouraged to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology under this Act. The FTTA removed several of the legal and institutional barriers to cooperative research that existed before the Act's passage. Through the FTTA, the government strives to promote the movement of its products, processes, skills and knowledge into the private sector for further development and commercialization by encouraging the exchange of technical personnel and the sharing of facilities and other resources. Collaborative efforts among industry, federal agencies and academia are made possible through cooperative research and development agreements (CRDAs). Thirty-three CRDAs and four licensing agreements have been initiated with EPA under the program. This paper provides an overview of this new and innovative program. C1 US EPA,RES & DEV OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP GATCHETT, AM (reprint author), US EPA,RES & DEV OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 IS 7 BP 892 EP 895 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE888 UT WOS:A1992JE88800005 ER PT J AU HASSAN, SQ TIMBERLAKE, DL AF HASSAN, SQ TIMBERLAKE, DL TI STEAM STRIPPING AND BATCH DISTILLATION FOR THE REMOVAL AND OR RECOVERY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM INDUSTRIAL-WASTES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB One of the primary objectives of the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is to encourage waste minimization through source reduction as well as recycle and recovery of valuable materials from hazardous wastes. The U.S. EPA has conducted pilot-scale investigations on different physical/chemical treatment and recovery technologies. Two of the technologies are steam stripping and batch distillation for removal and recovery of volatile organics. Pilot-scale steam stripping tests of 2-nitropropane indicated that the concentration in the wastewater can be lowered from 1000 mg/L to 0.93 mg/L, a 99.9 percent reduction, while a concentrated overhead stream (5300 mg/L) can be obtained for recycling (after additional purification). Different models for organic compound property estimation were reviewed and various computer programs were written and/or modified for process design on personal computers. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 IS 7 BP 936 EP 943 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE888 UT WOS:A1992JE88800009 ER PT J AU ROYER, MD SELVAKUMAR, A GAIRE, R AF ROYER, MD SELVAKUMAR, A GAIRE, R TI CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL AND WASTE DEPOSITS AT SUPERFUND LEAD BATTERY RECYCLING SITES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This paper primarily addresses remediation of contaminated soils and waste deposits at defunct lead-acid battery recycling sites (LBRS) via immobilization and separation processes. A defunct LBRS is a facility at which battery breaking, secondary lead smelting, or both operations were performed for the primary purpose of reclaiming lead from spent lead-acid batteries. Metallic lead and lead compounds are generally the principal contaminants of concern in soils and waste deposits (i.e., buried, piled, landfilled waste) at these sites. Other metals (e.g., cadmium, copper, arsenic, antimony, and selenium) are often present at LBRS, but usually at much lower concentrations than lead and often present below hazardous concentrations. This article is primarily based on experience gained from: (1) Superfund site investigation, removal, and remedial actions, and (2) development and demonstration of control technologies under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. The primary remedial options for lead contaminated soils and waste deposits include. (1) no action, (2) off-site disposal, (3) containment, (4) immobilization, (5) separation with resource recovery, and (6) separation without resource recovery. In spite of the toxicity of lead at low concentrations, the relative immobility of lead and site-specific risk assessments can still result in the selection of no action or containment remedies. Solidification/stabilization of lead-contaminated soils has been implemented at three Superfund sites and is the selected remedy at several others. Separation technologies (e.g., screening, extraction) are attractive because, if successful, they actually remove the contaminant from the environmental media. Separation technologies also offer the possibility that a valuable product (eg., lead, plastic, energy) can be recovered, but careful consideration of economic and technical factors are required. Compared to the implementation of containment and solidification/stabilization remedies, separation technologies tend to be relatively novel, complex, and costly. C1 US EPA,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,EDISON,NJ. FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRESPONSE INC,EDISON,NJ 08837. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 IS 7 BP 970 EP 980 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JE888 UT WOS:A1992JE88800012 ER PT J AU FISHER, HL HALL, LL SUMLER, MR SHAH, PV AF FISHER, HL HALL, LL SUMLER, MR SHAH, PV TI DERMAL PENETRATION OF [C-14] CAPTAN IN YOUNG AND ADULT-RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; SKIN; INVITRO; TESTOSTERONE; PESTICIDES AB Age dependence in dermal absorption has been a major concern in risk assessment Captan, a chloroalkyl thio heterocyclic fungicide, was selected for study of age dependence as representative of this class of pesticides. Dermal penetration of [C-14]captan applied at 0.286-mu-mol/cm2 was determined in young (33-d-old) and adult (82-d-old) female Fischer 344 rats in vivo and by two in vitro methods. Dermal penetration in vivo at 72 h was about 9% of the recovered dose in both young and adult rats. The percentage penetration was found to increase as dosage (0.1, 0.5, 2.7-mu-mol/cm2) decreased. Two in vitro methods gave variable dermal penetration values compared with in vivo results. A static system yielded twofold higher dermal penetration values compared with in vivo results for both young and adult rats. A flow system yielded higher dermal penetration values in young rats and lower penetration values in adults compared with in vivo results. Concentration in body, kidney, and liver was less in young than in adult rats given the same absorbed dosage. A physiological pharmacokinetic model was developed having a dual compartment for the treated skin and appeared to describe dermal absorption and disposition well. From this model, tissue/blood ratios of captan-derived radioactivity for organs were found to range from 0.35 to 3.4, indicating no large uptake or binding preferences by any organ. This preliminary pharmacokinetic model summarizes the experimental findings and could provide impetus for more complex and realistic models. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP FISHER, HL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL MD2,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUL PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 251 EP 271 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JE822 UT WOS:A1992JE82200005 PM 1629936 ER PT J AU MEYERS, SM MARDEN, BT BENNETT, RS BENTLEY, R AF MEYERS, SM MARDEN, BT BENNETT, RS BENTLEY, R TI COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF NESTLING EUROPEAN STARLINGS AND RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS TO AN ORAL-ADMINISTRATION OF EITHER DIMETHOATE OR CHLORPYRIFOS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; EUROPEAN STARLING; STURNUS-VULGARIS; DIMETHOATE; CHLORPYRIFOS ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES; NESTLING SENSITIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ID ORGANO-PHOSPHATE PESTICIDE; REPRODUCTION; SENSITIVITY; INSECTICIDE; TOXICITY; SURVIVAL AB Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus; blackbird) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris; starling) nestlings were dosed with either 2.0 mg/kg body mass chlorpyrifos, 50.0 mg/kg body mass dimethoate, or a propylene glycol carrier in situ. Four growth measurements (body mass, culmen, tarsus, wing) were recorded from nestlings to determine if these organophosphorus compounds caused perturbations in development at sublethal concentrations. Blackbird nestlings were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than starling nestlings were more sensitive to dimethoate than blackbird nestlings. This was in contrast to reported adult LD50 values where the reverse was true. Blackbird nestlings were more tolerant of a substantially higher concentration of dimethoate than the adult LD50. The sensitivity of starling nestlings to dimethoate was similar to adults. In contrast, juveniles of both species were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than adults. After the initial 24 hr, surviving nestlings dosed with either chemical recovered and continued their development. Exposure to dimethoate caused significant depression in starling body mass during the initial 24 hr period. Survivors obtain body mass equal to controls within 48 hr post dosing. The research presented here demonstrates that the simple supposition that passerine nestlings are typically more sensitive to toxins than adults does not always hold true. It also indicates that sensitivity relationships among adults do not necessarily apply to their nestlings. RP MEYERS, SM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 400 EP 406 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF485 UT WOS:A1992JF48500008 PM 1380993 ER PT J AU KLIGERMAN, AD ALLEN, JW BRYANT, MF CAMPBELL, JA COLLINS, BW DOERR, CL EREXSON, GL KWANYUEN, P MORGAN, DL AF KLIGERMAN, AD ALLEN, JW BRYANT, MF CAMPBELL, JA COLLINS, BW DOERR, CL EREXSON, GL KWANYUEN, P MORGAN, DL TI CYTOGENETIC STUDIES OF MICE EXPOSED TO STYRENE BY INHALATION SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE STYRENE; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; MICRONUCLEI; MICE; INHALATION ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS AB The data for the in vivo genotoxicity of styrene (STY) are equivocal. To evaluate the clastogenicity and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE)-inducing potential of STY in vivo under carefully controlled conditions, B6C3F1 female mice were exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day for 14 consecutive days to either 0, 125, 250 or 500 ppm STY. One day after the final exposure, peripheral blood, spleen, and lungs were removed and cells were cultured for the analysis of micronucleus (MN) induction using the cytochalasin B-block method, chromosome breakage, and SCE induction. Peripheral blood smears were also made for scoring MN in erythrocytes. There was a significant concentration-related elevation of SCE frequency in lymphocytes from the spleen and the peripheral blood as well as in cells from the lung. However, no statistically significant concentration-related increases were found in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the cultured splenocytes or lung cells, and no significant increases in MN frequencies were observed in binucleated splenocytes or normochromatic erythrocytes in peripheral blood smears. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 280 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0165-1218(92)90016-S PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JC401 UT WOS:A1992JC40100005 PM 1377343 ER PT J AU UZIEL, M MUNRO, NB KATZ, DS VO-DINH, T ZEIGHAMI, EA WATERS, MD GRIFFITH, JD AF UZIEL, M MUNRO, NB KATZ, DS VO-DINH, T ZEIGHAMI, EA WATERS, MD GRIFFITH, JD TI DNA ADDUCT FORMATION BY 12 CHEMICALS WITH POPULATIONS POTENTIALLY SUITABLE FOR MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE DNA ADDUCTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOTOXIC CHEMICALS; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM ID VINYL-CHLORIDE METABOLITES; CALF THYMUS DNA; RAT-LIVER DNA; MUTAGENIC PROPYLENE OXIDES; DIRECT BLACK 38; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; GENETIC RISKS; IRREVERSIBLE BINDING; REACTION-PRODUCTS AB DNA adduct formation, route of absorption, metabolism and chemistry of 12 hazardous chemicals are reviewed. Methods for adduct detection are also reviewed and approaches to sensitivity and specificity are identified. The selection of these 12 chemicals from the Environmental Protection Agency list of genotoxic chemicals was based on the availability of information and on the availability of populations potentially suitable for molecular epidemiological study. The 12 chemicals include ethylene oxide, styrene, vinyl chloride, epichlorohydrin, propylene oxide, 4,4'-methylenebis-2-chloroaniline, benzidine, benzidine dyes (Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38 and Direct Brown 95), acrylonitrile and benzyl chloride. While some of these chemicals (styrene and benzyl chloride, possibly Direct Blue 6) give rise to unique DNA adducts, others do not. Potentially confounding factors include mixed exposures in the work place, as well the formation of common DNA adducts. Additional research needs are identified. C1 US EPA, DIV HUMAN STUDIES MD58, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA. US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV GENET TOXICOL MD68, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RP UZIEL, M (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA. NR 231 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES JI Mutat. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 277 IS 1 BP 35 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90025-5 PG 56 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HZ214 UT WOS:A1992HZ21400003 PM 1376441 ER PT J AU BENIGNUS, VA PETROVICK, MK NEWLINCLAPP, L PRAH, JD AF BENIGNUS, VA PETROVICK, MK NEWLINCLAPP, L PRAH, JD TI CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN AND BRAIN BLOOD-FLOW IN HUMANS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; CARBON MONOXIDE ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; NEWBORN AB It has been shown that with increased carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and associated decrease in blood oxygen-carrying capacity, a compensatory increase in brain-blood flow (BBF) develops. The BBF response in humans has been shown to be quite variable. Two experiments were conducted in which humans were exposed to sufficient carbon monoxide (CO) to produce COHb levels up to 18.4%. BBF was measured by the method of impedance plethysmography. The first was a pilot study in which BBF in 14 men was studied after transient exposure to various concentrations of CO in air. BBF increased as a function of COHb but not to the same extent (or at all) in some subjects. In a confirmatory experiment with 12 men, BBF was measured once per h during a 4-h experiment. All 12 subjects received CO. The variation of the BBF response among subjects was large and statistically significant whereas the variation over time was not significant. Thus it appears that the magnitude of the BBF response is unique for a given subject and differs across subjects. These results may help predict CO-induced behavioral decrements in future studies if subjects whose BBF response to COHb is small or absent are also more susceptible to impairment by acute CO exposure. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BENIGNUS, VA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,MAIL DROP 58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90008-X PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA JH725 UT WOS:A1992JH72500008 PM 1522833 ER PT J AU REGAN, JD CARRIER, WL GUCINSKI, H OLLA, BL YOSHIDA, H FUJIMURA, RK WICKLUND, RI AF REGAN, JD CARRIER, WL GUCINSKI, H OLLA, BL YOSHIDA, H FUJIMURA, RK WICKLUND, RI TI DNA AS A SOLAR DOSIMETER IN THE OCEAN SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; NATURAL-WATERS AB Stratospheric ozone depletion may result in increased solar UV-B radiation to the ocean's upper layers and may cause deleterious effects on marine organisms. The primary UV-B damage induced in biological systems is to DNA. While physical measurements of solar UV-B penetration into the sea have been made, the effective depth and magnitude of actual DNA damage have not been determined. In the experiments reported here, UV-B-induced photoproducts (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) have been quantified in DNA molecules exposed to solar UV at the surface and at various depths in clear, tropical marine waters off Lee Stocking Island (23-degrees 45-degrees N, 76-degrees 0.7' W), Exuma Cays, Bahamas. [C-14]thymidine-labeled DNA or unlabeled bacteriophage phi-X174 DNA was placed in specially designed quartz tubes at various depths for up to five days. Following exposure, DNA samples were removed to the laboratory where UV-B-induced pyrimidine dimers were quantified using a radiochromatographic assay, and bacteriophage DNA inactivation by solar UV-B was assayed by plaque formation in spheroplasts of Escherichia coli. Pyrimidine dimer induction was linear with time but the accumulation of dimers in DNA with time varied greatly with depth. Attenuation of dimer formation with depth of water was exponential. DNA at 3 m depth had only 17% of the pyrimidine dimers found at the surface. Bacteriophage phi-X174 DNA, while reduced 96% in plaque-forming ability by a one day exposure to solar UV at the surface of the water, showed no effect on plaque formation after a similar exposure at 3 m. The data collected at the water's surface showed a "surface-enhanced dose" in that DNA damages at the real surface were greater than at the imaginary surface, which was obtained by extrapolating the data at depth to the surface. These results show the sensitivity of both the biochemical (dimers) and biological (phage plaques) DNA dosimeters. DNA dosimeters offer a sensitive, convenient and relatively inexpensive monitoring system, having both biochemical and biological endpoints for monitoring the biologically effective UV-B flux in the marine environment. Unlike physical dosimeters. DNA dosimeters do not have to be adjusted for biological effectiveness since they are sensitive only to DNA-mediated biologically effective UV-B radiation. Results of pyrimidine dimer induction in DNA by solar UV accurately predicted UV doses to the phage DNA. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. ALASKA FISHERIES CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. CARIBBEAN MARINE RES CTR,EXUMA CAYS,BAHAMAS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP REGAN, JD (reprint author), FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL SCI,MELBOURNE,FL 32901, USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb09599.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JF185 UT WOS:A1992JF18500006 PM 1387234 ER PT J AU LYON, JG LUNETTA, RS WILLIAMS, DC AF LYON, JG LUNETTA, RS WILLIAMS, DC TI AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER DATA FOR EVALUATING BOTTOM SEDIMENT TYPES AND WATER DEPTHS OF THE ST MARYS RIVER, MICHIGAN SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; QUALITY AB Airborne multispectral data and models of the light interaction with water were employed for general assessment of river bottom soil types and water depths in the study area. This required analyses of scanner data using multivariate pattern recognition techniques. Subsequent radiometric modeling and analyses of field data resulted in determination of class identities and creation of bottom type and water depth thematic maps from scanner data. Accuracy assessments indicated that the effort produced very good identification of five general bottom sediment types (85 percent) and general water depths (95 percent). C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,N CENT DIV,CHICAGO,IL 60606. RP LYON, JG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 58 IS 7 BP 951 EP 956 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JA634 UT WOS:A1992JA63400002 ER PT J AU BUCK, I DELONGCHAMPS, P KLING, D KOEHN, D LINCOLN, W MCKOWN, N SANTONI, C WINDER, J AF BUCK, I DELONGCHAMPS, P KLING, D KOEHN, D LINCOLN, W MCKOWN, N SANTONI, C WINDER, J TI BUREAUCRACY - WHAT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES DO AND WHY THEY DO IT - A CRITIQUE BY A FEW BUREAUCRATS SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,OFF ENFORCEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US DEPT INTERIOR,OFF TERRITORIAL & INT AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US DEPT TRANSPORTAT,COAST GUARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20590. US DEPT DEF,ARMY STRATEG DEF,WASHINGTON,DC 20305. US DEPT DEF,OFF INSPECTOR GEN,WASHINGTON,DC 20305. RP BUCK, I (reprint author), US DEPT DEF,DEF MAPPING AGCY,WASHINGTON,DC 20305, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 52 IS 4 BP 406 EP 407 DI 10.2307/3110402 PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA HZ265 UT WOS:A1992HZ26500016 ER PT J AU WOLCOTT, RM AF WOLCOTT, RM TI DUMPING IN DIXIE - RACE, CLASS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY - BULLARD,RD SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review RP WOLCOTT, RM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA JQ633 UT WOS:A1992JQ63300010 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, AA RAVI, V AF JENNINGS, AA RAVI, V TI INTERFACE PENETRATION MODEL FORMULATION FOR ANALYZING WALL-SEPARATION-INFLUENCED TRANSIENT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY DATA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC PERMEABILITY ANALYSIS; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; CLAY DISPERSION; COMPACTED CLAY; SOILS; WATER AB Hydraulic conductivity values measured in permeameters can be influenced by the formation of preferential flow pathways that allow a significant fraction of flow to bypass the soil sample. Problems of this type are of particular concern when testing low-permeability soils with aggressive permeants because reactions increase the possibilities for preferential flow pathways to develop. A wall-separation preferential flow model is proposed based on the discrete interface penetration (DIP) modeling strategy. The formulation is specifically designed to help determine if observed transient hydraulic conductivity behavior may be attributed to soil-permeant interactions, or may have resulted from a wall separation preferential flow pathway that developed after the start of the permeameter experiment. Analytical solutions are presented for two sets of boundary conditions. Example evaluations of experimental data are presented to illustrate how these solutions could be applied. Information is also presented on model parameter estimation and sensitivity. Possible extensions of the modeling strategy to additional problems of preferential flow are also discussed. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,DYNAMAC CORP,ADA,OK 74820. RP JENNINGS, AA (reprint author), UNIV TOLEDO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,2801 W BANCROFT ST,TOLEDO,OH 43696, USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1032 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800004 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JM CHERNOFF, N AF ROGERS, JM CHERNOFF, N TI INTRODUCTION TO THE TERATOLOGY IN THE 1990S SYMPOSIUM SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROGERS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460102 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA HY969 UT WOS:A1992HY96900001 ER PT J AU KOZUMBO, WJ AGARWAL, S KOREN, HS AF KOZUMBO, WJ AGARWAL, S KOREN, HS TI BREAKAGE AND BINDING OF DNA BY REACTION-PRODUCTS OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID WITH ANILINE, 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE, OR 1-NAPHTHOL SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CHLORINATION; INFLAMMATION; TAURINE; MYELOPEROXIDASE; DESTRUCTION; CHLORAMINE C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP KOZUMBO, WJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,OPP HED TOX II,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA41987] NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 115 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90373-Z PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JC474 UT WOS:A1992JC47400014 PM 1321517 ER PT J AU NELSON, RL PLATTS, WS LARSEN, DP JENSEN, SE AF NELSON, RL PLATTS, WS LARSEN, DP JENSEN, SE TI TROUT DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT IN RELATION TO GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY IN THE NORTH FORK HUMBOLDT RIVER DRAINAGE, NORTHEASTERN NEVADA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ECOREGIONS; PATTERNS; STREAMS AB We studied the existing distribution of native Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi and exotic brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis with respect to geologic and geomorphic land-classes in the upper North Fork Humboldt River drainage, Nevada. We evaluated habitat conditions in study sites to determine which measured components of habitat structure provided the best discriminators among study stream reaches in the different land-classes and among trout-supporting and unpopulated study reaches. At a finer level of resolution, we used the habitat attributes with the most discriminatory power to plot the distributions of study areas by land-class and by presence or absence of trout along coordinate axes reflecting environmental gradients defined by these attributes. Elevation, substrate embeddedness, and streamflow were the variables with the most discriminatory power among land-classes defined by parent geologic material (geologic district), but gravel abundance in the substrate was more useful than streamflow in further discriminating among land-classes at the lower-level classification defined by geomorphic character (landtype association). Plots of study areas along environmental gradients defined by these variables visibly separated study areas by land-class. Trout distributions at specific sites were clearly related to geologic district and, to a lesser extent, to landtype association. Trout were almost exclusively restricted to sites in the sedimentary mountains defining the western boundary of the drainage, and occurred elsewhere only in study areas that were upstream from the fine-textured valley floor. Of the variables measured, embeddedness appeared to be the most likely cause of the segregation of trout by geologic district. Although unmeasured variables (e.g., temperature, winter conditions, and turbidity) cannot be eliminated as potential limiting factors, peripheral evidence suggests that they alone probably are not determinants of trout distribution in the region. Trout were common in the sedimentary geologic district, but did not occur in all study sites. Important discriminating attributes in this region were stream width, abundance of large substrate (rubble and boulder), and streamflow; trout were principally associated with sites characterized by wider, well-watered stream reaches containing high percentages of large stream-bottom particles. Study sites meeting these criteria were concentrated in high mountain areas influenced by Pleistocene glaciation, but were also present in the fluvial canyons. All sites containing brook trout were in drainages that had been glaciated. These sites would normally be considered "better" trout habitat; native cutthroat trout occupied the more degraded sites. C1 DON CHAPMAN CONSULTANTS,BOISE,ID 83705. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. WHITE HORSE ASSOCIATES,SMITHFIELD,UT 84335. RP NELSON, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,316 E MYRTLE ST,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 121 IS 4 BP 405 EP 426 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0405:TDAHIR>2.3.CO;2 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JZ974 UT WOS:A1992JZ97400001 ER PT J AU SCHULTS, DW FERRARO, SP SMITH, LM ROBERTS, FA POINDEXTER, CK AF SCHULTS, DW FERRARO, SP SMITH, LM ROBERTS, FA POINDEXTER, CK TI A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR COLLECTING INTERSTITIAL WATER FOR TRACE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AND METALS ANALYSES SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INTERSTITIAL WATER; SEDIMENT; SORPTION; DDE; PAH; PCB; METALS; SAMPLING; DIALYSIS; SAMPLING APPARATUS ID METHODOLOGICAL NOTES; PORE WATER; SEDIMENT; DIALYSIS; TOXICITY; AMPHIPOD; SAMPLER AB Several common materials and methods used to collect interstitial water (IW) were evaluated to determine their effect on the accuracy and precision of measured concentrations of selected organic compounds and metals. We compared the concentration of pollutants in dosed seawater before and after exposure to stainless steel and Teflon centrifuge tubes, glass fiber and Nuclepore filters, cellulose dialysis membranes and fritted glass tubes. Exposure to most hardware materials did not significantly affect the concentration of four metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb) but there was significant loss (up to 79%) of two organic compounds (fluoranthene, p,p'-DDE) to almost all the hardware materials tested. Of five commonly used IW collection methods (centrifuging, centrifugal drainage or basal cup, squeezing, vacuum filtration and dialysis) investigated, the centrifuge method was judged the most accurate and precise for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCBs. All IW collection methods tested showed high variability for the metals. As a result, with one exception (Cu), there was no significant difference detected in the accuracy of the methods for metals. C1 ASCL CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22101. RP SCHULTS, DW (reprint author), US EPA,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,ERL-N,2111 SE MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 26 IS 7 BP 989 EP 995 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90206-J PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA HY990 UT WOS:A1992HY99000016 ER PT J AU HORNE, DM AF HORNE, DM TI EPAS RESPONSE TO RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT AND HERBICIDE-TOLERANT CROP ISSUES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE BIOTECHNOLOGY; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; SELECTIVE HERBICIDE AB The regulation of transgenic plants is at the very early stages of dialog between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Herbicide resistance is discussed in the broader terms of resistance management and of the cooperative efforts underway involving governments, industry, academia, and the environmental community on an international level. A new body, the International Organization for Resistant Pest Management (IOPRM) was formed to implement pesticide resistance management programs worldwide. The research base for integrated pest management programs which form the context for pesticide resistance management programs is in need of expansion. Public and private efforts to expand this base converge in an ambitious collaborative program between the U.S. EPA and USDA entitled the National Integrated Pest Management Forum. Finally, the potential role of EPA in the regulation of resistance management is discussed. RP HORNE, DM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 657 EP 661 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700026 ER PT J AU BEHL, E AF BEHL, E TI COMPUTER-MODELS FOR FATE ASSESSMENT DURING THE REGISTRATION PROCESS - DATA NEEDS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE GROUND WATER; HYDROLOGY; PESTICIDES AB Computer models designed to simulate the fate and transport of pesticide residues in surface runoff and water that recharges shallow aquifers are used at several stages in the regulation of pesticides. Models can be a powerful tool to identify environments in which pesticides are more mobile and are more likely to impact ground-water quality. Models can also be used to highlight pesticides that can contaminate surface or ground water at an early stage of the registration At present, models are utilized primarily as comparative tools to identify which compounds should be examined on a priority basis. Results may be used to calibrate numerical models and estimate the long term impact on the environment from the use of a particular product or its alternatives. To date, field monitoring studies have been required for over 40 chemicals by the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) to evaluate the leaching potential of pesticides under realistic usage conditions. As the capabilities of models improve and linkages are developed between databases and the models, computer simulation models will play an increasingly important role in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) efforts to manage pesticide use to prevent adverse effects on the environment. RP BEHL, E (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS H7507C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 696 EP 700 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700034 ER PT J AU ZUBKOFF, PL AF ZUBKOFF, PL TI THE USE OF RUNOFF AND SURFACE-WATER TRANSPORT AND FATE MODELS IN THE PESTICIDE REGISTRATION PROCESS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE HERBICIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; WATER QUALITY; MODEL REGISTRATION; LEACHING AB In support of the registration and reregistration processes under FIFRA '88, numerical models are used to estimate the dissolved runoff and soil erosion loadings of pesticides to surface waters and the subsequent fate and transport of pesticides in die receiving waters. Uses for simulations include: 1. Helping to determine whether additional studies on the fate and distribution of a candidate chemical in the environment and/or ecological effects may be needed when full chemical characterization is incomplete. 2. Helping to more fully integrate data submissions of laboratory and field observations. 3. Estimating probable fate and distribution of an agrochemical after a severe runoff event. 4. Comparing alternative chemical application rates and methods for the same chemical/soil/crop/environmental combinations. 5. Comparing different soil/crop/environmental combinations representing different geographical areas with the same chemical. 6. Evaluating preliminary designs of proposed field studies. 7. Gaining insight into the environmental fate of modem chemicals that are applied at 1 to 2% of the rates of older chemicals when sampling designs and analytical methods are not available. The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) commonly employs the SWRRB (45, 46) and PRZM (8, 9) models for runoff and EXAMS II (5), a fate and transport model, for surface waters. These three models are used in conjunction with appropriate databases for soils, chemical properties, and meteorological and other environmental parameters. Registrants are encouraged to clearly state assumptions, identify values for parameters by citation, report results of simulations with summary tables and graphics, and interpret their results in relation to current scientific disciplines. RP ZUBKOFF, PL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS H7507C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 743 EP 748 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700041 ER PT J AU PICCOT, SD WATSON, JJ JONES, JW AF PICCOT, SD WATSON, JJ JONES, JW TI A GLOBAL INVENTORY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS FROM ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB As part of an effort to assess the potential impacts associated with global climate change, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development is supporting global atmospheric chemistry research by developing global scale estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions (excluding methane). Atmospheric chemistry models require, as one input, an emissions inventory of VOCs. Consequently, a global inventory of anthropogenic VOC emissions has been developed. The inventory includes VOC estimates for seven classes of VOCs: paraffins, olefins, aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene), formaldehyde, other aldehydes, other aromatics, and marginally reactive compounds. These classes represent general classes of VOC compounds which possess different chemical reactivities in the atmosphere, The technical approach used to develop this inventory involved four major steps. The first step was to identify the major anthropogenic sources of VOC emissions in the United States and to group these sources into 28 general source groups. Source groups were developed to represent general categories such as "sources associated with oil and natural gas production" and more specific categories such as savanna burning. Emission factors for these source groups were then developed using different techniques and data bases. For example, emission factors for oil and natural gas production were estimated by dividing the United States' emissions from oil and gas production operations by the amount of oil and natural gas produced in the United States. Multiplication of these emission factors by production/consumption statistics for other countries yielded global VOC emission estimates for specific source groups within those countries. The final step in development of the VOC inventory was to distribute emissions into 10-degrees by 10-degrees grid cells using detailed maps of population and industrial activity. The results of this study show total global anthropogenic VOC emissions of about 110,000 Gg/yr. This estimate is about 10% lower than global VOC inventories developed by other researchers. The study identifies the United States as the largest emitter (21% of the total global VOC), followed by the (former) USSR, China, India, and Japan. Globally, fuel wood combustion and savanna burning were among the largest VOC emission sources, accounting for over 35% of the total global VOC emissions. The production and use of gasoline, refuse disposal activities, and organic chemical and rubber manufacturing were also found Lo be significant sources of VOC emissions. C1 US EPA, AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP, DURHAM, NC 27707 USA. RADIAN CORP, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NR 25 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 8 U2 98 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D9 BP 9897 EP 9912 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JA769 UT WOS:A1992JA76900012 ER PT J AU BRUMLEY, WC AF BRUMLEY, WC TI QUALITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES FOR AROMATIC SULFONIC-ACIDS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; INGREDIENTS AB High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) is investigated as a qualitative tool in the analysis of environmental samples for aromatic sulfonic acids and related compounds. Using standard borate buffer solutions, characteristic migration times define windows wherein certain compound types will be found. Eight aromatic sulfonic acids are separated as an example of the power of the technique. A leachate from a hazardous waste site is also subjected to HPCE. Qualitative identification may be approached by use of migration times and ancillary techniques such as continuous-flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 23 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 19 PY 1992 VL 603 IS 1-2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85370-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JB262 UT WOS:A1992JB26200031 ER PT J AU SELGRADE, MK AF SELGRADE, MK TI WOMEN IN SCIENCE - RESPONSE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP SELGRADE, MK (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 19 PY 1992 VL 256 IS 5064 BP 1611 EP 1611 DI 10.1126/science.256.5064.1611 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HZ174 UT WOS:A1992HZ17400004 PM 17841061 ER PT J AU HAUTMAN, DP BOLYARD, M AF HAUTMAN, DP BOLYARD, M TI ANALYSIS OF OXYHALIDE DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS AND OTHER ANIONS OF INTEREST IN DRINKING-WATER BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The US Environmental Protection Agency is developing regulations for various drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). This effort involves developing analytical methods for the DBPS formed as a result of different disinfection treatments and collecting occurrence data for these species. Ion chromatography is one method being used to analyze drinking water samples for the following inorganic DBPs: chlorite, chlorate and bromate. These anions, however, are difficult to separate from common interfering anions of chloride, carbonate and nitrate. A method is therefore presented by which tetraborate/boric acid is used to separate these anions. Method detection limits of the order of 10-mu-g/l, using conductivity and UV detection were obtained. Stability studies of chlorite showing the effectiveness of ethylenediamine as a preservative and summary data for an occurrence of nitrite, nitrate and the DBP precursor bromide are presented. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP HAUTMAN, DP (reprint author), TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,26 WML KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 15 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 5 PY 1992 VL 602 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80064-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HZ914 UT WOS:A1992HZ91400011 PM 1400855 ER PT J AU SCHWOPE, AD GOYDAN, R EHNTHOLT, D FRANK, U NIELSEN, A AF SCHWOPE, AD GOYDAN, R EHNTHOLT, D FRANK, U NIELSEN, A TI PERMEATION RESISTANCE OF GLOVE MATERIALS TO AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The toxicities of many agricultural pesticides require that hand protection be used by persons who mix, load, and apply these products, as specified on the label and material safety data sheet. Selection of gloves for formulations that contain organic solvents is particularly problematic because a solvent that permeates the glove can carry with it the active ingredient of the pesticide formulation. With a test method that measures the simultaneous permeation of the carrier solvent(s) and active ingredient(s), in particular those active ingredients that have low solubility in water and low volatility, over 100 permeation tests (in triplicate) with approximately 20 pesticide formulations were conducted with 13 different glove materials. These results are summarized and generalizations are presented within the perspective of the large base of permeation data for neat chemicals and another large permeation study with pesticides. Key among the findings is that the carrier solvent generally permeates first and at a much higher rate than the active ingredient. Furthermore, the permeation behavior of formulations containing solvents generally mirrored that of neat carrier solvents alone. Thus, insight into the selection of the most appropriate glove materials for a given pesticide formulation can be gained from permeation data for neat chemicals. For the types of solvents that may be present in pesticide formulations, preferred materials include nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, and plastic film laminates. Natural rubber and polyvinyl chloride materials generally are not recommended. C1 US EPA,EDISON,NJ 08837. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SCHWOPE, AD (reprint author), ARTHUR D LITTLE INC,15 ACORN PK,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02140, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 6 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0352:PROGMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HX735 UT WOS:A1992HX73500004 PM 1605107 ER PT J AU MCHENRY, JN BINKOWSKI, FS DENNIS, RL CHANG, JS HOPKINS, D AF MCHENRY, JN BINKOWSKI, FS DENNIS, RL CHANG, JS HOPKINS, D TI THE TAGGED SPECIES ENGINEERING MODEL (TSEM) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE SULFUR; SULFATE; ACID DEPOSITION; REGIONAL MODELING; TAGGED SPECIES; SOURCE RECEPTOR; CONTROL STRATEGIES; NADAP; RADM; TSEM; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION ID MECHANISM; ACID AB The Tagged Species Engineering Model (TSEM), a three-dimensional Eulerian model, has been developed to examine source-receptor relationships and the response of sulfate deposition to hypothetical control strategies for sulfur dioxide source emissions. Archived output files from a comprehensive Eulerian model (the Regional Acid Deposition Model) are used to provide necessary input values of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals, and other oxidants. Sulfur dioxide is then oxidized to sulfate by both gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions. Results from comparisons of the simplified model with the comprehensive model show that TSEM represents sulfate deposition very well both for base case emissions and for a hypothetical 50% reduction in all sulfur-emitting sources. Source-receptor relationships are exhibited by means of tagged sulfur emissions, as illustrated in two examples. C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,MAIL DROP 80,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. SUNY ALBANY,ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR,ALBANY,NY 12205. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,ACID DEPOSIT MODELING PROJECT,BOULDER,CO 80307. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD JUN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1443 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90128-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HR206 UT WOS:A1992HR20600007 ER PT J AU FERRARO, SP COLE, FA AF FERRARO, SP COLE, FA TI TAXONOMIC LEVEL SUFFICIENT FOR ASSESSING A MODERATE IMPACT ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES IN PUGET-SOUND, WASHINGTON, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; FRIERFJORD-LANGESUNDFJORD; POLLUTION; ATTRIBUTES AB Macrobenthic data obtained using three sampling schemes (0.06-m2 x 8-cm-deep sampling unit and 1.0- or 0.5-mm-mesh sieves, and 0.1-m2 x 8-cm-deep sampling unit and 1.0-mm-mesh sieve) previously identified as optimal or near-optimal for detecting differences between a reference and a moderately impacted station when animals were identified to species were reanalyzed at the genus, family, order, and phylum level to determine the taxonomic level sufficient to detect differences between the stations with t-tests on five measures of community structure. Taxonomically sufficient levels for number of taxa were family in 1.0-mm-mesh samples and species in 0.5-mm-mesh samples. Specific identification was usually required for a Dominance, Shannon's, 1 - Simpson's, and McIntosh's Index in 1.0- and 0.5-mm-mesh samples, suggesting limits to the utility of the taxonomic sufficiency concept when using those indices to detect moderate impacts. This and a previous study indicate that one could reliably (alpha = 0.05, 1 - beta almost-equal-to 0.80) detect moderate benthic impacts at the study site on number of taxa and five other measures of community structure with five to seven replicate 0.06-m2 x 8-cm-deep, 1.0-mm-mesh samples per station and identification to family only, Taxonomic sufficiency can vary depending upon the animal size fraction sampled and the measure used. RP FERRARO, SP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB NEWPORT,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1184 EP 1188 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HY493 UT WOS:A1992HY49300014 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, JH JENSEN, KM AF MCCORMICK, JH JENSEN, KM TI OSMOREGULATORY FAILURE AND DEATH OF 1ST-YEAR LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES) EXPOSED TO LOW PH AND ELEVATED ALUMINUM, AT LOW-TEMPERATURE IN SOFT-WATER SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROCK LAKE WISCONSIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; SMALLMOUTH BASS; BROWN TROUT; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; DOLOMIEUI LACEPEDE; AQUEOUS ALUMINUM; CENTRAL ONTARIO; YELLOW PERCH AB Young-of-the-year largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were exposed to pH levels from 8.0 to 4.5 in two water types, 1.5 and 13.4 mg Ca/L. Exposures were conducted at 3.8-degrees-C for 113 d, followed by 14 d of increasing temperature to 18-degrees-C. Two treatments in the softer water, one each at pH 5.0 and 4.5, had Al added to attain 30-mu-g Al/L; all other treatments were at approximately 5-mu-g Al/L. The condition factor of fish in all treatment groups declined with exposure time at 3.8-degrees-C. Fish in the 13.4 mg Ca/L water maintained osmotic homeostasis through pH 5.0. In the 1.5 mg Ca/L water, osmotic homeostasis was lost at pH 4.5 and at pH 5.0 when Al was added. Mortalities were most prevalent when exposed in the 1.5 mg Ca/L water with added Al. The probability of survival was directly correlated with blood osmolality; no correlation was found between survival probability and condition factor. A rise in blood osmolality occurred among fish from most exposure groups when the temperature was increased to 18-degrees-C. When fish from these chronic treatments were challenged at pH 3.8, they had shorter survival times in the softer water and after longer preexposures. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP MCCORMICK, JH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1197 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HY493 UT WOS:A1992HY49300015 ER PT J AU VATAVUK, WM AF VATAVUK, WM TI GET YOURSELF PUBLISHED SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0009-2460 J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK JI Chem. Eng. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 6 BP 135 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA HY152 UT WOS:A1992HY15200016 ER PT J AU CASH, GG BREEN, JJ AF CASH, GG BREEN, JJ TI PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND SPATIAL CORRELATION - ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL SOFTWARE TOOLS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID DIBENZOFURANS; SEDIMENTS; DIOXINS AB Using principal component analysis and geostatistics, the authors have reexamined the results of a study of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in Hamburg (Germany) Harbor sediments. These methods identified the same anomalous samples as the original study, but without recourse to the more difficultly obtained isomer-specific chemical analyses. In addition, they revealed in the remaining data a trend highly suggestive of two spatially and chemically discrete sources for nearly all (>90%) of the subject compounds found in the study, once again using no isomer-specific data. All of the above was done with readily available, public-domain software. RP CASH, GG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1607 EP 1623 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90404-F PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HZ591 UT WOS:A1992HZ59100007 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM HOUK, VS KORNEL, A ROGERS, CJ AF DEMARINI, DM HOUK, VS KORNEL, A ROGERS, CJ TI EFFECT OF A BASE-CATALYZED DECHLORINATION PROCESS ON THE GENOTOXICITY OF PCB-CONTAMINATED SOIL SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SPIRAL SALMONELLA ASSAY; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; PROPHAGE-LAMBDA; INDUCTION ASSAY AB We evaluated the genotoxicity of dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of PCB-contaminated soil before and after the soil had been treated by a base-catalyzed dechlorination process. The treatment process involves heating a mixture of the soil, polyethylene glycol (or hydrocarbons with boiling points of 310-387-degrees-C), and sodium hydroxide to 250-350-degrees-C. Dechlorination reduced by >99% the PCB concentration of the soil, which was initially 2,200 ppm, The DCM extracts of both control and treated soils were not mutagenic in strain TA100 of Salmonella, but they were mutagenic in strain TA98. Based on results in strain TA98, the base-catalyzed dechlorination process reduced the mutagenic potency of the soil by approximately one-half. The DCM extracts of the soils before and after treatment were equally genotoxic in a prophage-induction assay in E. coli, which detects some chlorinated organic carcinogens that are not detected by the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. These results suggest that treatment of PCB-contaminated soil by base-catalyzed dechlorination reduced the mutagenicity of the soil slightly. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1713 EP 1720 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90226-H PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN549 UT WOS:A1992JN54900005 ER PT J AU WATSON, AP JONES, TD ADAMS, JD AF WATSON, AP JONES, TD ADAMS, JD TI RELATIVE POTENCY ESTIMATES OF ACCEPTABLE RESIDUES AND REENTRY INTERVALS AFTER NERVE AGENT RELEASE SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDE-RESIDUES C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WATSON, AP (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 23 IS 3 BP 328 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90082-E PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY368 UT WOS:A1992HY36800008 PM 1376237 ER PT J AU HOKE, RA GIESY, JP KREIS, RG AF HOKE, RA GIESY, JP KREIS, RG TI SEDIMENT PORE WATER TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER AND GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, USING THE MICROTOX ASSAY SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOBACTERIUM-PHOSPHOREUM; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SCREENING-TESTS; SELECTION; BIOASSAYS; TOXICANT; EMBRYO C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 23 IS 3 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90083-F PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY368 UT WOS:A1992HY36800009 PM 1376238 ER PT J AU FOWLE, JR AF FOWLE, JR TI SPECIAL ARSENIC ISSUE SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP FOWLE, JR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES RD683,401 M ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 34 EP 34 DI 10.1007/BF01783625 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA JF060 UT WOS:A1992JF06000002 PM 24197923 ER PT J AU ABERNATHY, CO OHANIAN, EV AF ABERNATHY, CO OHANIAN, EV TI NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF INORGANIC ARSENIC SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This review will focus primarily on the effects of the inorganic arsenicals (arsenate and arsenite forms) that are present in drinking water. They are acutely toxic to both humans and animals, an effect that may be related to their bioavailibility. In humans, arsenicals have been reported to cause dermatitis and mucous membrane irritation upon exposure. They have also been reported to cause skin lesions and peripheral neurotoxicity in smelter workers and in patients treated with Fowler's Solution. When humans are exposed to arsenic in drinking water, effects such as hyperkeratosis, electromyographic abnormalities and vascular effects have been reported. In experimental animals, arsenic has been demonstrated to affect the liver and kidneys. In mice, arsenic has also been reported to decrease the animal's resistance to certain viral infections. The arsenite (+3) and arsenate (+5) forms have different modes of action. Arsenite binds to sulphhydryl groups and has been reported to inhibit over 100 different enzymes, while the arsenate can substitute for phosphate in various high energy intermediates, resulting in arsenolysis. In addition, when arsenate is reduced to arsenite in the body, it can also cause toxicity as that species. RP ABERNATHY, CO (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH WH586,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF01783626 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA JF060 UT WOS:A1992JF06000003 PM 24197924 ER PT J AU MCKINNEY, JD AF MCKINNEY, JD TI METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION OF INORGANIC ARSENIC IN LABORATORY-ANIMALS AND HUMANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in humans, particularly in the lung and skin, has been reasonably well established through epidemiological investigations. However, there is no substantial experimental evidence for carcinogenicity in animals to support the human studies. Studies of metabolism and disposition of inorganic arsenic in various animal species are particularly relevant to determining the factors that might account for the lack of an animal model. Numerous studies of this type have been reported, but there do not appear to be clear qualitative or quantitative differences in the overall fate and disposition of inorganic arsenic in most animals versus humans, although little is known at the cellular and subcellular level. Sulphur chemistry, especially thiol status, is emerging as an important regulating factor in the overall fate and distribution of inorganic arsenic in the body, playing a role in the initial reduction of arsenate to arsenite and subsequent methylation, and possibly in determining tissue affinity and distribution properties. The metabolism of inorganic arsenic can be viewed as a redox cycle in which thiol compounds such as glutathione (GSH) possibly function as reducing agents and methyl donors as oxidising agents. One explanation for the possible sensitivity of certain malnourished human populations to the carcinogenic effects of inorganic arsenic may be related to the reduced availability of nonprotein sulphhydryl compounds such as GSH needed to drive the redox cycle and facilitate arsenic detoxification. Future carcinogenicity studies of inorganic arsenic in animals could be designed to address directly this aspect of the problem. RP MCKINNEY, JD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1007/BF01783627 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA JF060 UT WOS:A1992JF06000004 PM 24197925 ER PT J AU MASS, MJ AF MASS, MJ TI HUMAN CARCINOGENESIS BY ARSENIC SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Arsenic is one of the few human carcinogens for which there is not yet a reliable animal cancer model. As such, the classification of arsenic as a carcinogen is based upon data derived from human epidemiologic studies. Although the mechanisms of action of arsenic as a toxic agent have been known for many years, the inability to produce cancer with arsenic in laboratory animals has confounded the operational characterisation of arsenic as initiator, promoter, complete carcinogen, or cocarcinogen for humans. Arsenic is clearly a genotoxic agent that induces chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange in mammalian cells as well as neoplastically transforms Syrian hamster embryo cells; however, it is not a classical point mutagen. This paper reviews some of the scientifically based issues relating to arsenic and risk assessment. RP MASS, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1007/BF01783628 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA JF060 UT WOS:A1992JF06000005 PM 24197926 ER PT J AU FOWLE, JR AF FOWLE, JR TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF ARSENIC IN DRINKING-WATER - RESEARCH NEEDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Research needed to resolve the uncertainties of cancer risk from ingestion of arsenic in drinking water is described. The recommendations fall into two categories reflecting the areas of greatest uncertainty regarding the assessment of arsenic risk: research on the mechanism of cancer, and research on the metabolism and detoxification of arsenic. The recommendations are discussed in light of risk assessment and risk management issues, stressing the need for scientists to interpret research findings for decision managers. RP FOWLE, JR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES RD683,401 M ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA JF060 UT WOS:A1992JF06000008 ER PT J AU RIDOUT, G HOUK, J GUY, RH SANTUS, GC HADGRAFT, J HALL, LL AF RIDOUT, G HOUK, J GUY, RH SANTUS, GC HADGRAFT, J HALL, LL TI AN EVALUATION OF STRUCTURE-PENETRATION RELATIONSHIPS IN PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION SO FARMACO LA English DT Article ID ROTATING DIFFUSION CELL; MODEL MEMBRANES; MOUSE SKIN; PERMEABILITY; PERMEATION; THICKNESS; EPIDERMIS; EXPOSURE AB Prediction of chemical transport across skin is important both to the optimization of topical and transdermal drug delivery and to the assessment of risk following dermal exposure. To facilitate estimation of percutaneous absorption, a number of model in vitro experimental systems have been developed. However, the predictive applicability of the different approaches (with respect to human skin penetration), and the quantitative aspects of the structure-permeation behavior revealed, have not been critically evaluated. The objectives of this paper are to collect, from the literature, the more systematic investigations pertaining to chemical transport across the skin, to quantify the dependence of permeation on the lipophilicity of the penetrants studied, and to assess the relative utility of model systems for the prediction of percutaneous absorption. The categories of chemicals addressed in the survey include n-alkanols, para-substituted phenols, steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The experimental systems, used in the studies considered, involve, primarily, steady-state transport measurements across excised skin taken from either human cadavers or hairless mice. Favorable comparisons of these data to solute flux across simple organic liquid membranes are possible. Overall, general patterns of behavior emerge from the analysis such that qualitative predictions can be made. From a quantitative standpoint, though, it is clear that additional ''structure-activity'' work is necessary to provide appropriate equations that can relate penetration between different test systems and between different chemical classes. C1 RECORDAT SPA,VIA M CIVITALI,I-20148 MILAN,ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHARM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,COLL CARDIFF,CARDIFF CF1 3XF,WALES. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Guy, Richard/H-3471-2012; OI Guy, Richard/0000-0003-3227-9862 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-33395]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OH-00017] NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC CHIMICA ITALIANA PI ROME PA VIALE LIEGI 48, I-00198 ROME, ITALY SN 0014-827X J9 FARMACO JI Farmaco PD JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 869 EP 892 PG 24 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JJ934 UT WOS:A1992JJ93400002 PM 1388606 ER PT J AU PULS, RW POWELL, RM AF PULS, RW POWELL, RM TI ACQUISITION OF REPRESENTATIVE GROUND-WATER QUALITY SAMPLES FOR METALS SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory (RSKERL) personnel have evaluated sampling procedures for the collection of representative, accurate, and reproducible ground water quality samples for metals for the past four years. Intensive sampling research at three different field sites has shown that the method by which samples are collected has a greater impact on sample quality, accuracy, and reproducibility than whether the samples are filtered or not. In particular, sample collection practices that induce artificially high levels of turbidity have been shown to have the greatest negative impacts on sample quality. Results indicated the ineffectiveness of bailers for collection of representative metal samples. Inconsistent operator usage together with excessive purging generally resulted in excessive turbidity (>100 NTUs) and large differences in filtered and unfiltered metal samples. The use of low flow rate purging and sampling consistently produced filtered and unfiltered samples that showed no significant differences in concentrations. Turbidity levels were generally less than 5 NTUs, even in fine-textured glacial till. We recommend the use of low flow rates, during both purging and sampling, placement of the sampling intake at the desired sampling point, minimal disturbance of the stagnant water column above the screened interval, monitoring of water quality indicators during purging, minimization of atmospheric contact with samples, and collection of unfiltered samples for metal analyses to estimate total contaminant loading in the system. While additional time is spent due to use of low flow rates, this is compensated for by eliminating the need for filtration, decreased volume of contaminated purge water, and less resampling to address inconsistent data results. RP PULS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00057.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA JE478 UT WOS:A1992JE47800008 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ AF BUSHNELL, PJ TI ANIMAL-MODELS OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 603 EP 604 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42003208 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z YANG, Y AF MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z YANG, Y TI INTERSPECIES MODELING OF INHALED PARTICLE DEPOSITION PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNGS; FLOW; RAT AB To evaluate the potential toxic effects of ambient contaminants or therapeutic effects of airborne drugs, inhalation exposure experiments can be performed with surrogate laboratory animals. Herein, an interspecies particle deposition theory is presented for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. It is derived to improve animal testing protocols. The computer code describes the behavior and fate of particles in the lungs of human subjects and a selected surrogate, the laboratory rat. In the simulations CO2 is integrated with exposure chamber atmospheres, and its concentrations regulated to produce rat breathing profiles corresponding to selected levels of human physical activity. The dosimetric model is used to calculate total, compartmental (i.e. tracheobronchial and pulmonary), and localized distribution patterns of inhaled particles in rats and humans for comparable ventilatory conditions. Perhaps most importantly regarding dose delivery, the computer program is used to determine distributions on an airway-by-airway basis throughout human and rat lungs. In this format, calculated particle deposition patterns are related to focal lesions observed experimentally. Likewise, topical fluid dynamics profiles (e.g. the laryngeal jet) are correlated with deposition hot spots and clinically observed sites of lung carcinomas. Implementation of the model will permit toxicologic and pharmacologic exposure tests to be conducted in a manner conducive for the accurate extrapolation of animal data to man. The model, therefore, is complementary to surrogate testing. Computational details are presented which stress the applications of the interspecies deposition model. Results indicate that physiologically comparable ventilatory levels do not necessarily yield similar dose distributions. For example, inhalation exposures with the resting rat may not simulate the resting human, depending upon specific particle sizes examined and the resolution of deposition patterns demanded by the investigator (i.e. whether total, compartmental or localized distributions are of most importance). However, it is demonstrated that the model can be used to predetermine the exposure conditions necessary to produce particle deposition efficiency patterns in rats that are equivalent to those in humans at prescribed physical activities. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,KINGSTON,RI 02881. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 23 IS 4 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(92)90008-J PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JB811 UT WOS:A1992JB81100008 ER PT J AU PERLMUTTER, HD KAPICHAK, RK AF PERLMUTTER, HD KAPICHAK, RK TI A MULTISCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY LABORATORY - INTRODUCTION OF KILO-SCALE EXPERIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY; COLLEGE; PROGRAM; LEVEL C1 US EPA,IMPLEMENTAT SECT,NEW YORK,NY 10278. RP PERLMUTTER, HD (reprint author), NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 506 EP 508 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA JA453 UT WOS:A1992JA45300036 ER PT J AU LAU, C CAMERON, AM ANTOLICK, LL STANTON, ME AF LAU, C CAMERON, AM ANTOLICK, LL STANTON, ME TI REPEATED MATERNAL SEPARATION IN THE NEONATAL RAT - CELLULAR MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO BRAIN GROWTH SPARING SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; ADRENAL STRESS RESPONSES; NEURO-ENDOCRINE; DEPRIVATION; PUPS; HORMONE; POLYAMINES; TACTILE; MOTHER; NEUROENDOCRINE AB Separation of neonates from their dam has been shown to evoke acutely a variety of biochemical responses, typified by depression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In the current study where rat pups were removed from their nursing dams for 6 h, ODC activities in the liver, heart, kidney and lung were markedly suppressed, but the enzyme in the brain was not altered during the early postnatal ages. These data suggest that the brain was protected from maternal separation insults, a homeostatic response mediated in part, by an increase of circulating corticosterone and glycogen mobilization from peripheral tissues, particularly the liver. In addition, we examined whether these responses were extended to pups who were subject to repeated episodes of maternal deprivation, and whether this stress paradigm might be associated with corresponding changes of cellular growth and maturation. Pups were removed from their dams for 6 h daily beginning at 4 days of age until weaning at 21 days. Plasma corticosterone levels of the deprived pups were elevated significantly at the end of each stress episode but returned to basal (control) levels subsequently. The repeating stress paradigm did not influence the magnitude of this hormonal response at the ensuing ages. Consistent with findings observed in the single episodes of stress, ODC activities in the peripheral tissues were significantly depressed in pups subject to repeated maternal deprivation, but the enzyme appeared to recover to control levels 18 h after each insult. In contrast, brain ODC activity did not exhibit any change throughout the period examined. Moreover, while ontogenetic gains of DNA and protein in the peripheral tissues of the deprived rats lagged slightly but consistently behind those of controls, these macromolecules in the brain were not affected appreciably. These results thus suggest that brain growth was, by and large, spared from insults associated with repeated maternal separation; but this stressful paradigm did produce marked, though reversible biochemical and physiological responses in the peripheral tissues of neonates, which cumulatively led to a lag of cellular development. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM SCI INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAXTON COMMUNICATIONS PI BUCKS PA ATTN: TINA CLARKE BUCKS, ENGLAND HP13 5HG ESS CENTRE BELLFIELD ROAD, SN 0141-9846 J9 J DEV PHYSIOL JI J. Dev. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 6 BP 265 EP 276 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Physiology SC Developmental Biology; Physiology GA LZ461 UT WOS:A1992LZ46100003 PM 1289389 ER PT J AU KRANKINA, ON DIXON, RK AF KRANKINA, ON DIXON, RK TI FOREST MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ERA OF PERESTROIKA SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,GLOBAL MITIGATION & ADAPTAT PROGRAM,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP KRANKINA, ON (reprint author), ACAD FORESTRY USSR,ST PETERSBURG,USSR. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 6 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW157 UT WOS:A1992HW15700016 ER PT J AU ULMER, GC ELLIOTT, WC BUNTIN, T ERICKSON, ES FRIEL, JJ AF ULMER, GC ELLIOTT, WC BUNTIN, T ERICKSON, ES FRIEL, JJ TI ROLE OF SELECTED CATIONS AND GAS SPECIATION ON THE REDUCTION OF FAYALITE AT 1300-DEGREES-C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE IRON; SILICATES; REDUCTION; CATIONS; GASES ID SILICATE MELTS; VOLATILES; NA+; OH; H+ AB Pure fayalite liquid was reduced at 1300-degrees-C in variable C/H ratio gas mixtures, all with constant f(O2) both with and without various cation additives that included Cr2O3, MnO, CaO, TiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, and K2O. Similar studies were also performed on Carol Lake iron ore pellets without these cation additives. The role of cation additives in reduction with CO-rich gases is minimally important. In hydrogen-rich reduction studies, the reduction per hour was increased 50% by a 2.5 wt% addition of CaO, increased by about 75% by a 2.5 wt% addition of Cr2O3, and increased by about 50% for a 2.5 wt% addition of MnO as compared to the reduction rate of pure fayalite liquid. Much more dramatic than any cation additive effect is the role of the hydrogen content of the gas mixture. At 1300-degrees-C and a fixed -log f(O2) = 13, the reduction per hour of pure fayalite liquid triples with the replacement of the CO by hydrogen even with just the first 10 vol% of hydrogen. Theoretical discussions of the role of cation additives and gas speciation on fayalite melt structure are presented. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. NORTHAMPTON COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT GEOL,BETHLEHEM,PA 18017. PRINCETON GAMMA TECH,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. RP ULMER, GC (reprint author), TEMPLE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1476 EP 1483 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04213.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA HZ219 UT WOS:A1992HZ21900027 ER PT J AU YOUSTEN, AA GENTHNER, FJ BENFIELD, EF AF YOUSTEN, AA GENTHNER, FJ BENFIELD, EF TI FATE OF BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS AND BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SEROVAR ISRAELENSIS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS-2362 SPORES; SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; FIELD AB Bacillus sphaericus spores were suspended in bottles of filtered (0.45-mu-m) freshwater and seawater under various conditions of temperature, pH and salinity. Heat resistant culturable counts (spores) slowly decreased with time. Spores suspended in dialysis bags submerged in a freshwater pond or in flowing seawater underwent a more rapid drop in heat resistant spore counts than did spores held in bottles. Thus, laboratory studies may overestimate spore longevity in the environment. Spore settling rate was related to the nature of particulate material in the water column. Paraspores (or perhaps spores and toxin) of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis (B.t.i.) had a greater tendency to adhere to and settle with suspended sediment and fine particulates than did paraspores of B. sphaericus. These observations may at least partially explain the greater persistence of B. sphaericus larvicidal activity in field tests than that of B.t.i.. C1 US EPA,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP YOUSTEN, AA (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB810 UT WOS:A1992JB81000005 PM 1431856 ER PT J AU MUMFORD, JL LEWTAS, J WILLIAMS, K TUCKER, WG TRAYNOR, GW AF MUMFORD, JL LEWTAS, J WILLIAMS, K TUCKER, WG TRAYNOR, GW TI MUTAGENICITY OF ORGANIC EMISSIONS FROM UNVENTED KEROSENE HEATERS IN A CHAMBER STUDY SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS; SPACE HEATERS; ASSAY; GAS AB A study was conducted to assess the mutagenicity of semivolatile organics and particle-bound organics emitted from unvented kerosene space heaters. The units tested included a well-tuned radiant heater and a maltuned convective heater. The tests were conducted in a 27-m3 chamber with a prescribed on/off heater usage pattern. The organic emissions were collected on Teflon-coated glass filters backed by XAD-2 resin. The dichloromethane-extractable organics from both the filters and the XAD were analyzed for nitropolycyclic hydrocarbons using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and were bioassayed for mutagenicity in microsuspension assays using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 with and without S9 and TA98NR (a nitroreductase-deficient strain) without S9. The results showed that both the semivolatile and particle-bound organics emitted from the kerosene heaters were mutagenic, and the presence of nitropolycyclic hydrocarbons in these organic emissions substantiated these findings. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MUMFORD, JL (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JA561 UT WOS:A1992JA56100004 PM 1608068 ER PT J AU HAYNIE, FH STILES, DC AF HAYNIE, FH STILES, DC TI EVALUATION OF AN ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RATE MONITOR AS A TIME-OF-WETNESS METER SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB An atmospheric corrosion rate monitor with an improved design, polarization resistance-type sensor was evaluated as a time-of-wetness meter. Sensor data were correlated with simultaneously collected environmental data at a field site. Sensor responses to wetness are reproducible between sensors and are sensitive enough to detect significant environmental changes. C1 NORTHROP SERV INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP HAYNIE, FH (reprint author), US EPA,CTR ENVIRONM RES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 31 IS 6 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JC207 UT WOS:A1992JC20700013 ER PT J AU VIJAYALAXMI TICE, RR STRAUSS, GHS AF VIJAYALAXMI TICE, RR STRAUSS, GHS TI ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION-INDUCED DNA DAMAGE IN HUMAN BLOOD-LYMPHOCYTES USING THE SINGLE-CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS TECHNIQUE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SINGLE-CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA DAMAGE; RADIATION-INDUCED; LYMPHOCYTES, HUMAN BLOOD ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRAND BREAKS; REPAIR; QUANTITATION; CHROMOSOME; ELUTION AB The ability of the alkaline single-cell gel (SCG) electrophoresis technique to detect single-strand breaks and alkali-labile DNA damage in human cells induced by low doses of radiation was evaluated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were irradiated with gamma-rays from a Cs-137 source at doses from 0.01 to 1 Gy and exposed to alkali (pH > 13) for 20, 40 or 60 min and then electrophoresed at 25 V and 300 mA for either 20 or 40 min. The extent of DNA damage that was expressed and detected as DNA migration depended directly on the dose of radiation, the duration of exposure to alkali and the length of electrophoresis. At all experimental conditions tested, it was possible to detect a significant increase in DNA damage induced by a radiation dose as low as 0.05 Gy. Based on an analysis of the ratio of the range to the standard deviation for each radiation dose and experimental condition, the distribution of damage among cells for all doses was neither excessively homogeneous nor heterogeneous. Furthermore, the distribution was independent of radiation treatment. The SCG technique is rapid and sensitive, and useful for investigations concerned with effects of low doses of radiation. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP VIJAYALAXMI (reprint author), INTEGRATED LAB SYST,POB 13501,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2-R44-ES05383-02] NR 22 TC 22 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 271 IS 3 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(92)90019-I PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JA584 UT WOS:A1992JA58400006 PM 1378197 ER PT J AU BROCKMAN, HE STACK, HF WATERS, MD AF BROCKMAN, HE STACK, HF WATERS, MD TI ANTIMUTAGENICITY PROFILES OF SOME NATURAL SUBSTANCES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMUTAGENICITY AND ANTICARCINOGENICITY : END-POINTS AND SYSTEMS, AT THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ANTIMUTAGENESIS AND ANTICARCINOGENESIS CY MAY 05-10, 1991 CL IL CIOCCO, ITALY DE ANTIMUTAGENICITY PROFILES; RETINOL; RETINOIDS; CAROTENOIDS; AFLATOXIN-B(1); GENETIC ACTIVITY PROFILE, LISTINGS AND PLOTS ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; RETINOL VITAMIN-A; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; V79 CELLS; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; INDUCED MUTAGENESIS; INHIBITION; AFLATOXIN-B1; MUTAGENICITY AB Selected antimutagenicity listings and profiles have been prepared from the literature on the antimutagenicity of retinoids and the carotenoid beta-carotene. The antimutagenicity profiles show: (1) a single antimutagen (e.g., retinol) tested in combination with various mutagens or (2) antimutagens tested against a single mutagen (e.g., aflatoxin B1). Data are presented in the profiles showing a dose range for a given antimutagen and a single dose for the corresponding mutagen; inhibition as well as enhancement of mutagenic activity is indicated. Information was found in the literature on the testing of selected combinations of 16 retinoids and carotenoids vs. 33 mutagens. Of 528 possible antimutagen-mutagen combinations, only 82 (16%) have been evaluated. The most completely evaluated retinoids are retinol (28 mutagens), retinoic acid and retinol acetate (7 mutagens each), and retinal and retinol palmitate (6 mutagens each). Beta-carotene is the most frequently tested carotenoid (15 mutagens). Of the remaining retinoids and carotenoids, 8 were evaluated in combination with a single mutagen and the other 2 were tested against only 2 or 3 mutagens. Most of the data on antimutagenicity in vitro are available for S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Substantial data also are available for sister-chromatid exchanges in vitro and chromosome aberrations in vitro and in vivo. This report emphasizes the metabolic as well as the antimutagenic effects of retinoids in vitro and in vivo. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP BROCKMAN, HE (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NORMAL,IL 61761, USA. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 267 IS 2 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90060-F PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HZ647 UT WOS:A1992HZ64700002 PM 1376418 ER PT J AU POPE, CN CHAPMAN, ML TANAKA, D PADILLA, S AF POPE, CN CHAPMAN, ML TANAKA, D PADILLA, S TI PHENYLMETHYLSULFONYL FLUORIDE ALTERS SENSITIVITY TO ORGANOPHOSPHORUS-INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY IN DEVELOPING ANIMALS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORGANOPHOSPHATE AND NEUROPATHY; DIISOPROPYLPHOSPHOROFLUORIDATE; PHENYLMETHYLSULFONYL FLUORIDE; DEVELOPING ANIMALS; POTENTIATION ID SPINAL-CORD DAMAGE; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; PHENYLMETHANESULFONYL FLUORIDE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; PROTEASES; NEUROPATHY; INHIBITORS; ESTERASE; PHOSPHOROFLUORIDATE; POLYNEUROPATHY AB The serine/cysteine hydrolase inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) markedly intensifies the clinical expression of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in adult chickens when administered after organophosphate exposure. In this study, we have examined the ability of PMSF post-treatment to affect sensitivity to OPIDN in developing animals at ages normally showing resistance. Chickens (35, 49 or 70 days of age) were treated with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP, 2 mg/kg, sc) and then treated four hours later with PMSF (90 mg/kg, sc) or vehicle only and examined for clinical signs of ataxia and incoordination. Chickens treated with DFP alone showed a marked age-related increase in the severity of motor deficits. Birds treated with DFP followed by PMSF showed more extensive clinical deficits relative to those treated with DFP only, but relatively similar degrees of motor dysfunction among the age groups. Cervical spinal cord samples processed by the Fink-Heimer degeneration method indicated that PMSF post-treatment induced more extensive axonal degeneration in all age groups relative to treatment with DFP only. As the DFP treatment alone caused greater-than-or-equal-to 90% inhibition of neurotoxic esterase activity (NTE, the putative molecular target site for OPIDN), interaction with NTE by PMSF does not appear to be involved in potentiation. We hypothesize that PMSF potentiates OPIDN through impairment of a physiological process which normally imparts resistance to young animals and which regresses during development. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAT,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP POPE, CN (reprint author), NE LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,MONROE,LA 71209, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 355 EP 364 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JH037 UT WOS:A1992JH03700003 PM 1436755 ER PT J AU STANTON, ME COUSSONS, ME KUHN, CM AF STANTON, ME COUSSONS, ME KUHN, CM TI CORTICOSTERONE HYPERSECRETION IN PREWEANLING RATS EXPOSED NEONATALLY TO TRIMETHYLTIN SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY; INFANT RATS; TRIMETHYLTIN; LIMBIC SYSTEM; CORTICOSTERONE; HPA AXIS; STRESS; ORGANOMETALS; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ID ADRENOCORTICAL STRESS RESPONSE; PROTEINS; DAMAGE; BRAIN AB Developmental neurotoxicity may be influenced by effects of a compound on endocrine function. Here we report that developmental exposure to TMT increases the corticosterone (CS) response to stress in developing rat pups. Long-Evans rat pups were injected i.p. with either 6 mg/kgTMT hydroxide (in 10-mu-l/g BW NaCl) or vehicle on Postnatal Day 5 (PND5) or 10 and were then tested for their CS response to restraint stress on PND 12, 16, or 20. In the stress test, pups were maternally deprived in individual compartments of an incubator for 24 hr, and then blood sampled by decapitation either immediately (basal), or 30, 60 or 90 min after the onset of a 15-min period of restraint in a wire-mesh holder Regardless of TMT exposure or age of testing, this procedure produced a peak in plasma CS at 30 min which then recovered to basal levels by 90 min. TMT exposure on PND5 (Experiment 1) resulted in CS hypersecretion relative to vehicle-injected controls on PND 12 and 16 but not PND20. TMT exposure on PND10 (Experiment 2) had no effect at PND12 but elevated CS over vehicle controls at PND16 and 20. PND15 exposure to TMT resulted in CS hypersecretion in pups tested on PND20. Neonatal organotin exposure appears to alter CS secretion in a manner that is influenced by age of exposure and age of testing. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP STANTON, ME (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JH037 UT WOS:A1992JH03700009 PM 1436758 ER PT J AU BUSHNELL, PJ ANGELL, KE AF BUSHNELL, PJ ANGELL, KE TI EFFECTS OF TRIMETHYLTIN ON REPEATED ACQUISITION (LEARNING) IN THE RADIAL-ARM MAZE SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEARNING; REPEATED ACQUISITION; TRIMETHYLTIN; RADIAL MAZA; RAT; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION ID TIME-COURSE; INDUCED HYPERACTIVITY; D-AMPHETAMINE; RATS; HIPPOCAMPUS; PERFORMANCE; IMPAIRMENT; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; DELAY AB Trimethyltin (TMT) was used as a positive control neurotoxicant to evaluate a repeated acquisition procedure for the 8-arm radial maze. Ten male Long-Evans rats were trained to collect a single food pellet at the end of each baited arm on each trial of a daily 12-trial test session. Four of the eight arms were baited on all trials of a given session. The set of four baited arms was changed each day: thus the rats were required to learn a new set of baited arms in each session. In trained rats, error frequencies (entries into unbaited arms) declined from about 4 on Trial 1 to < 1 on Trials 4 - 12 in each session: this within-session error reduction thus defined an acquisition baseline which was evaluated for its sensitivity to TMT. Learning was impaired after 7 mg/kg (iv) TMT, as shown by a slower decline in within-session error frequencies in all treated rats. Errors and response times were elevated for 5 weeks after TMT but returned to control levels thereafter Histological examination of hippocampi showed damage in all treated rats 18 weeks after treatment; however, no significant relationship between degree of damage and behavioral effect was observed. Analysis of errors showed that TMT more strongly impaired the rats' ability to avoid arms in the current unbaited set than those baited arms already entered on a given trial (i.e., working memory). These dissociations between behavior and hippocampal morphology in terms of time course, magnitude of effect across animals, and error type suggest that performance of this task does not depend upon hippocampal integrity, as do other tasks involving spatial working memory. Recovery of function in this kind of task may shed light on processes of neural plasticity after exposure to neurotoxic compounds. C1 US EPA,NSI TECHNOL SERV CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SUM PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 429 EP 441 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JH037 UT WOS:A1992JH03700010 PM 1436759 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K AF SEXTON, K TI THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IN RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT DECISIONS SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Risk-based decisions are an integral part of societal efforts to protect the public from the harmful health effects of environmental pollution. Scientific information about the magnitude and extent of risks experienced by people and about the causes of those risks is a critical factor in setting priorities and choosing cost-effective mitigation strategies. To be effective in strengthening risk assessment and risk management decisions, research must focus on developing four types of predictive tools: (1) methods to screen and characterize toxicity; (2) biologically based dose-response models; (3) physiologically based pharmacokinetic models; and (4) integrated human exposure models. This approach is the key to reducing the uncertainties currently associated with many environmental, health problems. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 106 IS 6 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA JA316 UT WOS:A1992JA31600005 PM 1608626 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, WG AF ROSENBERG, WG TI LIMITS OF REMOTE-SENSING SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP ROSENBERG, WG (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERITAGE FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 214 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002 SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 61 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA JB502 UT WOS:A1992JB50200015 ER PT J AU PUSKIN, JS AF PUSKIN, JS TI AN ANALYSIS OF THE UNCERTAINTIES IN ESTIMATES OF RADON-INDUCED LUNG-CANCER SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE RADON; LUNG CANCER; UNCERTAINTIES ID DAUGHTERS; EXPOSURE; PERSPECTIVE; EQUILIBRIUM; MORTALITY; DWELLINGS; HOUSES; RATES; RISK AB A recent report by the National Academy of Sciences estimates that the radiation dose to the bronchial epithelium, per working level month (WLM) of radon daughter exposure, is about 30% lower for residential exposures than for exposures received in underground mines. Adjusting the previously published BEIR IV radon risk model accordingly, the unit risk for indoor exposures of the general population is about 2.2 x 10(-4) lung cancer deaths (lcd) /WLM. Using results from EPA's National Residential Radon Survey, the average radon level is estimated to be about 1.25 pCi/L, and the annual average exposure about 0.242 WLM. Based on these estimates, 13,600 radon-induced lcd/yr are projected for the United States. A quantitative uncertainty analysis was performed, which considers: statistical uncertainties in the epidemiological studies of radon-exposed miners; the dependence of risk on age at, and time since, exposure; the extrapolation of risk estimates from mines to homes based on comparative dosimetry; and uncertainties in the radon daughter levels in homes and in the average residential occupancy. Based on this assessment of the uncertainties in the unit risk and exposure estimates, an uncertainty range of 7000-30000 lcd/yr is derived. RP PUSKIN, JS (reprint author), US EPA, OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 2 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00675.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA JD213 UT WOS:A1992JD21300012 PM 1502375 ER PT J AU PERREAULT, SD JEFFAY, S POSS, P LASKEY, JW AF PERREAULT, SD JEFFAY, S POSS, P LASKEY, JW TI USE OF THE FUNGICIDE CARBENDAZIM AS A MODEL-COMPOUND TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF ACUTE CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE DURING OOCYTE MATURATION AND FERTILIZATION ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN THE HAMSTER SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT; MOUSE; MECHANISMS; CARBAMATE; INVIVO C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP PERREAULT, SD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 114 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90072-Z PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HY258 UT WOS:A1992HY25800007 PM 1609414 ER PT J AU PINO, MV STOVALL, MY LEVIN, JR DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS HYDE, DM AF PINO, MV STOVALL, MY LEVIN, JR DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS HYDE, DM TI ACUTE OZONE-INDUCED LUNG INJURY IN NEUTROPHIL-DEPLETED RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE; ALVEOLAR-MACROPHAGE; EXPOSURE; RELEASE; CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-6; INFLAMMATION; ELASTASE; AIRWAYS C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT ANAT,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP PINO, MV (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-00628, ES-07055] NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 114 IS 2 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90077-6 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HY258 UT WOS:A1992HY25800012 PM 1609419 ER PT J AU REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC AF REISH, DJ OSHIDA, PS MEARNS, AJ GINN, TC TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA DECAPODA; TOPSMELT ATHERINOPS-AFFINIS; NEOPLASTIC MYA-ARENARIA; HEAVY-METALS; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COASTAL WATERS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ACUTE TOXICITY C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP REISH, DJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 181 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 64 IS 4 BP 599 EP 610 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JF570 UT WOS:A1992JF57000039 ER PT J AU STETLER, RE WALTRIP, SC HURST, CJ AF STETLER, RE WALTRIP, SC HURST, CJ TI VIRUS REMOVAL AND RECOVERY IN THE DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT TRAIN SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ENTEROVIRUS; BACTERIOPHAGE; VIRUS DETECTION ID FILTER ENUMERATION METHOD; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; INDICATOR BACTERIA; ENTERIC VIRUSES AB Paired water samples were collected at four points in the drinking water treatment train. One sample of each pair was used to determine levels of indigenous enteroviruses and bacteriophages at each stage. The other sample was seeded with an enterovirus and two different coliphages to determine if, in the treatment process train, the water was affected in such a way that the efficiency of the chosen method for viral detection would be adversely influenced. Recovery efficiencies with seeded enterovirus varied from 40 to 68%. Coliphage recoveries were considerably lower, ranging from 4 to 12%. Recovery of seeded phi-X174 from the water samples demonstrated a statistically significant inverse correlation with water temperature. The results indicate the importance of demonstrating the satisfactory performance for recovering particular viruses by the method selected. RP STETLER, RE (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 6 BP 727 EP 731 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90003-M PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA HT535 UT WOS:A1992HT53500002 ER PT J AU SIFNEOS, JC CAKE, EW KENTULA, ME AF SIFNEOS, JC CAKE, EW KENTULA, ME TI EFFECTS OF SECTION-404 PERMITTING ON FRESH-WATER WETLANDS IN LOUISIANA, ALABAMA, AND MISSISSIPPI SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; SECTION-404; MITIGATION; CLEAN WATER ACT; LOUISIANA; LOUISIANA; ALABAMA; MISSISSIPPI AB Information was compiled on permits issued under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act for alteration of freshwater wetlands from January 1982-August 1987 in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. The location, area, wetland type, and other data describing the impacted and compensatory (i.e., created, restored, and preserved) wetlands were compiled and analyzed. Trends in Louisiana, the state with the most permits issued, were emphasized, and a synopsis of the results from Alabama and Mississippi is presented for comparison. The objective of the study was to uncover patterns and trends in Section 404 permitting in the three states to document the effects of the permit decisions. Only the information contained in the permit record was compiled and analyzed. No judgment was made concerning compliance with the terms of the permits or whether the compensatory wetland replaced the ecological functions of the wetland destroyed. Neither could be determined from the permit record. In Louisiana, 226 permits were issued, resulting in a potential loss of over 10,000 hectares of primarily forested wetlands. Compensatory mitigation was required in 93 permits (41%); however, only 8% of the total area impacted by all permits issued was compensated. Over 50% of the wetlands impacted were less than or equal to 4 hectares in size. Permitted activities occurred throughout Louisiana, but the majority were located along the Gulf coast and the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Food chain support and wildlife habitat were the most commonly listed impacted functions in the permit record. Specific objectives for the mitigation projects were not documented. Only 10% of the compensatory wetlands were monitored by at least one site visit. The Section 404 permitting program could be evaluated more effectively if record-keeping was standardized. The accuracy and thoroughness of this report was affected by poor record-keeping and inconcise permit language. Requirements for follow-up monitoring and increasing the specificity of the information contained in the permits would provide information on the impacts to wetlands and their functions to be considered in future permit decisions. RP SIFNEOS, JC (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU108 UT WOS:A1992HU10800004 ER PT J AU TANNER, RW KILBRIDE, KM CRAWFORD, JA WILLIAMS, BA KIMERLING, AJ AF TANNER, RW KILBRIDE, KM CRAWFORD, JA WILLIAMS, BA KIMERLING, AJ TI AUTOMATED MAPPING OF RADIOTELEMETRIC LOCATIONS FOR WILDLIFE STUDIES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Software Review C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP TANNER, RW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 232 EP 233 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA HX684 UT WOS:A1992HX68400017 ER PT J AU MILLER, DB LUEBKE, RW REINHARD, JF OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB LUEBKE, RW REINHARD, JF OCALLAGHAN, JP TI THE NEUROTOXICANT 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP) ALTERS IMMUNE FUNCTION WHEN GIVEN IN COMBINATION WITH DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (DDC) SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 WELLCOME RES LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG ND-89-4] NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD MAY 11 PY 1992 VL 648 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24565.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM216 UT WOS:A1992JM21600050 PM 1353332 ER PT J AU DOERGER, JU MEIER, JR DOBBS, RA JOHNSON, RD ANKLEY, GT AF DOERGER, JU MEIER, JR DOBBS, RA JOHNSON, RD ANKLEY, GT TI TOXICITY REDUCTION EVALUATION AT A MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER TREATMENT-PLANT USING MUTAGENICITY AS AN END-POINT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Previous work revealed substantial levels of mutagenicity in effluents from certain municipal wastewater treatment plants. One of these treatment plants was selected for further study to track the effluent mutagenicity to its sources, to chemically characterize the mutagenicity, and to assess the treatability of the mutagens. Mutagenicity testing using the Salmonella/microsome assay was performed on methylene chloride extracts of influent and effluent samples from the municipal wastewater treatment plant, as well as on four selected industrial effluents entering the plant. The mutagenicity of the influent samples was detected only in the presence of a microsomal metabolic activation system and was highest in Salmonella strain TA98. About two-thirds of the mutagenicity passed through the treatment plant, suggesting that the mutagenic compounds were refractory to conventional biological treatment. No significant mutagenic activity was detected in three of the industrial waste streams, all paper products plant discharges. However, a high level of mutagenicity (1.2 million TA98 revertants/liter) was detected in the effluent from a coke oven plant. This source could account for all of the mutagenicity entering the wastewater treatment plant. After fractionation of the coke oven effluent by sequential extraction at neutral, acidic and basic pH with methylene chloride, 93% of the TA98 (+S9) mutagenicity was found in the neutral fraction. A C18 column fractionation scheme using a methanol/water elution gradient revealed that 92% of the mutagenicity eluted with the 75% and the 80% methanol in water fractions. The C18 fractionation also provided good separation of mutagenicity from toxicity to fathead minnows. This study has demonstrated the potential of toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE) methodology for tracing effluent toxicity to its source, using genotoxicity as an endpoint. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP DOERGER, JU (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,ATHENS,GA 30601, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HP597 UT WOS:A1992HP59700007 ER PT J AU POPE, CA SCHWARTZ, J RANSOM, MR AF POPE, CA SCHWARTZ, J RANSOM, MR TI DAILY MORTALITY AND PM(10) POLLUTION IN UTAH VALLEY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; AIR-POLLUTION; LONDON WINTERS; HEALTH; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURES; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN AB The association between daily mortality and respirable particulate pollution (PM10) in Utah County was assessed from April 1985 through December 1989. Poisson regression analysis was used to regress daily death counts on PM10 pollution levels, controlling for variability in the weather. A significant positive association between nonaccidental mortality and PM10 pollution was observed. The strongest association was with 5-d moving average PM10 levels, including the concurrent day and the preceding 4 d. An increase in 5-d moving average PM10 levels, equal to 100-mu-g/m3, was associated with an estimated increase in deaths per day equal to 16%. The association with mortality and PM10 was largest for respiratory disease deaths, next largest for cardiovascular deaths, and smallest for all other deaths. Mean PM10 concentrations during the study period equaled 47-mu-g/m3 . The maximum 24-h and 5-d moving average PM10 levels equaled 365 and 297-mu-g/m3, respectively. Relatively low levels of sulfur dioxide, aerosol acidity, and ozone suggested an independent association between mortality and PM10. The relative risk of death increased monotonically with PM10, and the relationship was observed at PM10 levels that were well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 150-mu-g/m3. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP POPE, CA (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,167 FOB,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. RI Ransom, Michael /F-6304-2011 NR 43 TC 417 Z9 424 U1 5 U2 29 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JA810 UT WOS:A1992JA81000007 PM 1596104 ER PT J AU BECHTOLD, WE SUN, JD BIRNBAUM, LS YIN, SN LI, GL KASICKI, S LUCIER, G HENDERSON, RF AF BECHTOLD, WE SUN, JD BIRNBAUM, LS YIN, SN LI, GL KASICKI, S LUCIER, G HENDERSON, RF TI S-PHENYLCYSTEINE FORMATION IN HEMOGLOBIN AS A BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX TO BENZENE SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BENZENE; HEMOGLOBIN; ADDUCTS; S-PHENYLCYSTEINE; BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX ID METABOLISM; ADDUCTS; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; BENZOQUINONE; RAT AB Benzene is metabolized to intermediates that bind to hemoglobin, forming adducts. These hemoglobin adducts may be usable as biomarkers of exposure. In this paper, we describe the development of a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy assay for quantitating the binding of the benzene metabolite, benzene oxide, to cysteine groups in hemoglobin. We used this assay to study the hemoglobin adduct, S-phenylcysteine (SPC), in the blood of rats and mice exposed to benzene either by inhalation or by gavage. We were able to detect SPC in the hemoglobin of exposed rats and mice, to show the linearity of the exposure dose-response relationship, and to establish the sensitivity limits of this assay. For the same exposure regime, rats showed considerably higher levels of SPC than did mice. As yet, we have not been able to detect SPC in the globin of humans occupationally exposed to benzene. We attempted to determine whether the SPC found in hemoglobin originated from the metabolism of benzene within or outside of the red blood cell. We hypothesized that the greatest red blood cell metabolism would be associated with peripheral reticulocytes, which retain high metabolic capacity. After exposing rats to benzene, we isolated the red blood cells and used discontinuous Percoll gradients to fractionate them into age groups. No differences in SPC levels were found among any of the fractions, suggesting that the SPC found in globin originates from the metabolism of benzene to benzene oxide in a location external to the red blood cell. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the nonenzymatic binding of the benzene metabolite, benzene oxide, to protein. The products of the interaction of benzene oxide with protein are particularly appealing as potential biomarkers. These adducts are stable both in vivo and during isolation, and because high background levels in unexposed individuals are unlikely, the presence of such adducts should be a specific indicator of exposure to benzene. If SPC can be detected in humans, the present assay, with some modification, may be amenable to routine monitoring of worker exposures to benzene. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST OCCUPAT MED,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP BECHTOLD, WE (reprint author), LOVELACE BIOMED & ENVIRONM RES INST,INHALAT TOXICOL RES INST,POB 5890,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [222-Y02-ES-20092] NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 66 IS 5 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1007/BF01973623 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HV511 UT WOS:A1992HV51100001 PM 1610291 ER PT J AU BRYERS, JD WESTCOTT, RW SAYLES, GD AF BRYERS, JD WESTCOTT, RW SAYLES, GD TI POSTTRANSLATIONAL LIMITATIONS TO METHANOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA AS DETERMINED FROM SINGLE GROWTH-RATE PERTURBATIONS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL OXIDASE; DILUTION RATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; CANDIDA-BOIDINII; LIMITED GROWTH; CHEMOSTAT; PROTEINS; GLUCOSE; PEROXISOME; DIHYDROXYACETONE AB Single shifts in growth rate were imposed upon continuous cultures of the methylotrophic yeast Hansensula polymorpha growing under carbon limitation on 4 g/L methanol and 1 g/L glucose. Concentrations of system level parameters (glucose, methanol, and cell biomass) and intracellular components (methanol oxidase and hexokinase specific activity, methanol oxidase specific mRNA content, and the ratio of flavin adenine dinucleotide bound to methanol oxidase) suggest that the reduction in methanol oxidase specific activity upon a shift to a higher growth rate is limited, not at the transcription level, but rather posttranslationally during peroxisome assembly. Subsequent [S-35]methionine pulse-chase techniques and immunoprecipitation of methanol oxidase monomers and octamers indicate, upon a dilution rate shift from 0.2 to 0.35 h-1, that monomeric methanol oxidase fails to polymerize, terminating peroxisome formation. Those peroxisomes formed at the lower growth rate slowly disintegrate at the higher growth rate, releasing bound flavin adenine dinucleotide. C1 NORWICH PHARMACEUT INC,NORWICH,NY 13815. US EPA,DIV BIOL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP BRYERS, JD (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,CTR BIOCHEM ENGN,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1021/bp00015a008 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HZ243 UT WOS:A1992HZ24300009 ER PT J AU VANEMON, JM GERLACH, RW AF VANEMON, JM GERLACH, RW TI EVALUATION OF A PENTACHLOROPHENOL IMMUNOASSAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP VANEMON, JM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 48 IS 5 BP 635 EP 642 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HM758 UT WOS:A1992HM75800001 PM 1504509 ER PT J AU GARRY, VF DANZL, TJ TARONE, R GRIFFITH, J CERVENKA, J KRUEGER, L WHORTON, EB NELSON, RL AF GARRY, VF DANZL, TJ TARONE, R GRIFFITH, J CERVENKA, J KRUEGER, L WHORTON, EB NELSON, RL TI CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS IN FUMIGANT APPLIERS - POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP TO NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA RISK SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID NON-RANDOMNESS; ABNORMALITIES; TRANSLOCATIONS; BREAKPOINTS; PHOSPHINE; NEOPLASIA; CANCER; GENES AB Appliers of pesticides (n = 18) who are exposed to the fumigant phosphine or who have a mixed exposure to other pesticides and phosphine demonstrate a significant increase in chromosome rearrangements in G-banded chromosomes from peripheral blood compared to control subjects (n = 26). Appliers who had discontinued using phosphine for at least 8 months prior to specimen collection (n = 5) do not demonstrate significant increases in chromosome rearrangements compared to controls. Breakpoint analysis of 6138 metaphases from all subjects demonstrates 196 breaks per 3605 metaphases in exposed subjects and 102 breaks per 2533 metaphases in control subjects. Bands with significantly more breaks than expected based on band length in all study subjects were 1q32, 3p14, 7p15, and 14q11. Three of these four bands had significantly more breaks than expected in the exposed group, and all four bands had a significant excess of breaks in the control group. There are four bands with a significant excess of breaks in the exposed group and no breaks in the control group; each of these occurs in a known protooncogene region. These are 1p13 (NRAS), 2p23 (NMYC), 14q32 (ELK2), and 21q12 (ETS-2). Most breaks at bands 1p13, 14q32, and 21q22 are associated with chromosome rearrangements and occurred in appliers who have a mixed exposure to phosphine and other pesticides. Cytogenetic abnormalities, i.e., rearrangements and/or deletions involving bands 1p13, 2p23, and 14q32, are associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We speculate that these findings could relate to the risk of evolution of a neoplastic clone in these workers. Epidemiological studies of similarly exposed workers indicate an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. C1 NCI,BIOSTAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH DENT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. RP GARRY, VF (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,DIV ENVIRONM MED & PATHOL,STONE LAB 1,1ST FLOOR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 1 IS 4 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JE467 UT WOS:A1992JE46700007 PM 1303128 ER PT J AU BERCZ, JP AF BERCZ, JP TI TOXICOLOGY OF DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS FROM NUTRIENTS - RATE STUDIES OF DESTRUCTION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS INVITRO BY CHLORINE-BASED DISINFECTANTS SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB As model reactions between unsaturated fats and water disinfectants in the GI tract, relative rates of destruction of seven polyunsaturated fatty acids (L, alpha-Ln, gamma-Ln, Ara, EPA, DH, and DT) by OCl- and NH2Cl were investigated in vitro. Using millimolar solutions of seven PUFAs combined with various OCl- mole ratios, disappearance of PUFAs was followed by UV spectrophotometry at pH = 9.5 and at 35-degrees-C via conjugated hydroperoxydienes at 234 nm. While OCl- rapidly destroyed all PUFAs, NH2Cl was inert. Overall second-order rate constants computed for L at increasing times disclosed that the attack on the cis-CH=CHCH2CH=CH moiety by OCl- does not follow simple second-order kinetics. Using a logit-log transform and second-order polynomial regression analysis of L's disappearance in a stoichiometric ([L] = 1.2 mM; [ClO-] = 2.4 mM) mix, data were analyzed by the time ratio method of Schwemer and Frost. These agreed with a sequential system of at least two irreversible second-order reactions having k1 = 15.6 L.mol-1.s-1 and k2 = 2.6 L.mol-1.s-1. Preliminary GC/MS analysis indicated that the initial product is a mix of chlorohydrin isomers. These undergo second addition of HOCl and/or lose halogens and polymerize. Additional minor products were also C5-C9 mono- and bifunctional carboxylates and mixed acid aldehydes. Studies with mol equiv of Cl- - free (ClO-)-Cl-36 allowed estimation of covalent binding of Cl by L at various times, supporting the kinetic findings. For other PUFAs of higher degree unsaturation, the complexity of feasible reactions precluded an analogous approach. As a substitute, reactions of each PUFA at identical molarities and conditions were followed. Using logit-log transforms again, relative apparent rates were computed at tl/2, showing that increasing unsaturation and chain length decreases reactivity with OCl-. Binding of Cl-36 showed that PUFAs of increasing unsaturation are principally destroyed via oxidation. RP BERCZ, JP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1021/tx00027a016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA HV374 UT WOS:A1992HV37400016 PM 1504266 ER PT J AU BORGWARDT, RH AF BORGWARDT, RH TI A TECHNOLOGY FOR REDUCTION OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL ( ICCDR ) CY MAR 04-06, 1992 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP MINIST HOUSING, PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, US DOE, INT ENERGY AGCY, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ARTS & SCI, DUTCH ELECT GENERATING BOARD SEP, SHELL NEDERLAND, STATOIL NETHERLANDS, UNIV UTRECHT DE CARBON DIOXIDE; METHANOL; BIOMASS; GLOBAL WARMING; TRANSPORTATION; ALTERNATIVE FUEL AB By sequestering byproduct carbon and replacing petroleum fuels with biomass-derived methanol, the Hydrocarb process can nullify the net effect of CO2 emissions from motor vehicles. This paper gives a preliminary assessment of the process which indicates that substantially more fuel energy could be produced--and at lower cost--than other current options for mitigating CO2 from mobile sources. The incremental cost of eliminating net CO2 emissions is estimated at $0.05 per gallon (3.78 liters) of gasoline displaced by methanol. About 80 percent reduction should be achievable at no incremental cost. RP BORGWARDT, RH (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,GLOBAL WARMING CONTROL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD MAY-AUG PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5-8 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1016/0196-8904(92)90042-U PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA JA736 UT WOS:A1992JA73600023 ER PT J AU SCHERAGA, JD LEARY, NA AF SCHERAGA, JD LEARY, NA TI IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF POLICIES TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE CO2 EMISSIONS; CLIMATE POLICY; IMPLEMENTATION ID UNITED-STATES AB The problem of designing a comprehensive and efficient policy package to reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases is more complicated than suggested in the existing economic literature. Most studies have failed to adequately evaluate practical implementation issues which affect the cost and effectiveness of climate change policies. Unless a wide array of implementation problems are considered, misleading conclusions may be drawn about the potential cost-effectiveness of strategies to reduce CO2 emissions. In this paper, we examine three different implementation issues. First, we consider how the cost-effectiveness of different energy taxes varies as a function of the level of the market at which they are imposed. Second, we examine the question of how to integrate different policy tools into an efficient policy package. Third, we place this analysis into a broader context that focuses on all greenhouse gases and is not limited to CO2. By enlarging the set of greenhouse gases under consideration, the set of control options is enlarged and the potential for identifying more cost-effective policies increases. The results, taken together, suggest the importance of considering practical implementation issues when identifying climate change policies. A piecemeal approach to policy formation that fails to consider these issues is likely to be inefficient and unnecessarily costly. RP SCHERAGA, JD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV CLIMATE CHANGE,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAY PY 1992 VL 20 IS 5 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1016/0301-4215(92)90061-6 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU150 UT WOS:A1992HU15000004 ER PT J AU GULLETT, BK BRUCE, KR HANSEN, WF HOFMANN, JE AF GULLETT, BK BRUCE, KR HANSEN, WF HOFMANN, JE TI SORBENT UREA SLURRY INJECTION FOR SIMULTANEOUS SO2/NO(X) REMOVAL SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB The combination of sorbent injection and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) technologies has been investigated for simultaneous SO2/NO(x) removal. A slurry composed of a urea-based solution and various Ca-based sorbents was injected at a range of temperatures and reactant/pollutant stoichiometries. Testing on a natural gas pilot-scale reactor with doped pollutants achieved up to 80% reduction of SO2 and NO(x) at reactant/pollutant stoichiometric ratios of 2 and 1, respectively. SO2 emission reductions from slurry injection were enhanced compared with dry Ca(OH)2 sorbent injection methods possibly due to sorbent fracturing to smaller, more reactive particles. Emissions from NH3 slip and N2O formation were reduced in comparison with others' Published results while similar NO(x) reductions were obtained. The injection of the urea-based solution enhanced the SO2 removal, likely due to the formation of a (NH4)2Ca(SO4)2.H2O compound. The results of this pilot scale study have shown high reduction of both SO2 and NO(x), suggesting the need for full scale studies to further assess this combined sorbent/urea-based slurry injection technology. RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1002/ep.670110225 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HW484 UT WOS:A1992HW48400013 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, BS GREENFIELD, SM WEIR, BR ANDERSON, GE BEHAR, JV AF AUSTIN, BS GREENFIELD, SM WEIR, BR ANDERSON, GE BEHAR, JV TI MODELING THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP AUSTIN, BS (reprint author), SYST APPLICAT INT,SAN RAFAEL,CA 94903, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 26 IS 5 BP 851 EP 858 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR623 UT WOS:A1992HR62300006 ER PT J AU KUTZ, FW LINTHURST, RA RIORDAN, C SLIMAK, M FREDERICK, R AF KUTZ, FW LINTHURST, RA RIORDAN, C SLIMAK, M FREDERICK, R TI ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH AT EPA - NEW DIRECTIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK ASSESSMENT C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KUTZ, FW (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 26 IS 5 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1021/es00029a600 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR623 UT WOS:A1992HR62300007 ER PT J AU MUNCH, DJ FREBIS, CP AF MUNCH, DJ FREBIS, CP TI ANALYTE STABILITY STUDIES CONDUCTED DURING THE NATIONAL PESTICIDE SURVEY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Since it is generally impossible to analyze field samples immediately upon collection and sample extraction, demonstration of the stability of the analytes in both the aqueous and organic solvent (extract) matrices is essential in all environmental surveys. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently completed the National Pesticide Survey (NPS). Analyte stability studies of both well water samples and final extracts were important components of this survey. The primary focus of these studies was to demonstrate the stability of the analytes for the maximum sample and extract holding times that would be permitted during the survey. Up to 100% loss was observed for 26 out of the 147 compounds spiked into well water samples which had been biologically inhibited and stored at 4-degrees-C for 14 days. Analyte stability was demonstrated for 121 analytes, in stored well water samples. Analytes generally remained stable in stored sample extracts. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP MUNCH, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 26 IS 5 BP 921 EP 925 DI 10.1021/es00029a008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR623 UT WOS:A1992HR62300018 ER PT J AU CHUANG, JC WISE, SA CAO, S MUMFORD, JL AF CHUANG, JC WISE, SA CAO, S MUMFORD, JL TI CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MUTAGENIC FRACTIONS OF PARTICLES FROM INDOOR COAL COMBUSTION - A STUDY OF LUNG-CANCER IN XUAN-WEI, CHINA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR PARTICULATE MATTER; EMISSIONS AB In the rural Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality rates for women are among the highest in China. Most of these women are nonsmokers, and studies have shown that lung cancer in Xuan Wei is associated with domestic use of smoky coal under unvented conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the chemical constituents that may be linked to the high lung cancer rates in Xuan Wei using the bioassay-directed fractionation method. Ten high-volume filter samples ( < 10 Am) collected from the home inhabited by a person with lung cancer during cooking periods on four consecutive days were subjected to Soxhlet extraction. This composite sample extract was fractionated on a normal-phase column into seven fractions. The second fraction was the most active in the bioassay, containing mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and alkylated PAH. The two polar fractions 6 and 7 were the next most active. The most active PAH fraction was further separated into 11 subfractions, based on the number of aromatic carbons. The results indicated that the presence of three to four-ring alkylated PAHs in the sample extract is a significant factor that may be linked to the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. INST ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHUANG, JC (reprint author), BATTELLE COLUMBUS OPERAT,ATMOSPHER SCI & APPL TECHNOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 26 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1004 DI 10.1021/es00029a020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR623 UT WOS:A1992HR62300030 ER PT J AU CAIRNS, MA LACKEY, RT AF CAIRNS, MA LACKEY, RT TI BIODIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL-RESOURCES - THE ISSUES SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The earth's genetic, species, community, and landscape-level diversity is declining at an unprecedented rate because of habitat alteration. The decline of biodiversity in the aquatic environment is now recognized as a serious concern by biologists. Development and use of natural resources commonly have been practiced in an unsustainable manner. Political institutions are challenged to reconcile both the competing private and public goals and the diverse set of expectations of our natural resources, including aquatic systems. This paper defines biodiversity, identifies many of its values, and reviews causes of its decline. The major ecological, ethical, economic, social, and political issues involved in natural resource management are summarized, as are some of the expected responses of scientists and natural resource managers to the issues. RP CAIRNS, MA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1992)017<0006:BAMONR>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HY387 UT WOS:A1992HY38700002 ER PT J AU HUGHES, RM NOSS, RF AF HUGHES, RM NOSS, RF TI BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY - CURRENT CONCERNS FOR LAKES AND STREAMS SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB In discussing various concepts of biological diversity and biological integrity, we trace development of the terms from a focus on species to a consideration of ecosystems. We urge the public to extend its concern with species extinction and tropical rain forests to include temperate aquatic assemblages. Examples of losses in biological diversity and biological integrity are given for the genetic, species, assemblage, fauna, ecosystem, and landscape levels of biological organization. After discussing the recent recognition of biological diversity concepts by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in its surface water assessment and regulation programs, we conclude that a broadening of environmental ethics is needed to protect ecosystems and species before they become endangered. RP HUGHES, RM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1992)017<0011:BAMONR>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HY387 UT WOS:A1992HY38700003 ER PT J AU TITUS, TR AF TITUS, TR TI BIODIVERSITY - THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL POLICY SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Because biodiversity does not conform to political boundaries, a national policy for biodiversity is needed in the United States. The cost of protecting biodiversity and who should bear those costs are among the key policy considerations. Given the size of biotic resources in the U.S., costs for identify and protecting these resources will be high. A national policy should define biodiversity, articulate goals, coordinate competing objectives, create a mechanism for setting priorities, and identify a leadership role for the U.S. federal government. RP TITUS, TR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1992)017<0031:BTNFAN>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA HY387 UT WOS:A1992HY38700006 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ WILLIAMS, WC RIDDLE, MM ANDREWS, DL LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ WILLIAMS, WC RIDDLE, MM ANDREWS, DL LUEBKE, RW COPELAND, CB TI COMPARATIVE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION OF VARIOUS GLYCOL ETHERS ORALLY-ADMINISTERED TO FISCHER-344 RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT MALE-RAT; MONOMETHYL ETHER; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; MONOBUTYL ETHER; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL) ETHER; PRINCIPAL METABOLITE; MONOETHYL ETHERS; MICE; 2-METHOXYETHANOL C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MANTECH CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 18 IS 4 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90123-Y PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HU393 UT WOS:A1992HU39300018 PM 1526376 ER PT J AU DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM AF DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM TI DIFFICULTIES IN IDENTIFYING SELECTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY - REPLY SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP DASTON, GP (reprint author), PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45239, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 18 IS 4 BP 639 EP 640 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90127-4 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HU393 UT WOS:A1992HU39300022 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BALDIN, E BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BALDIN, E BECKERT, WF TI ANALYSIS OF CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN .3. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; FUSED SILICA OPEN TUBULAR COLUMN; DUAL-COLUMN, DUAL-DETECTOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM AB Forty five organochlorine pesticides (currently listed in EPA Method 8081A) have been chromatographed on DB-5/DB-1701 and SPB-5/SPB-1701 column pairs which were in each case connected to an inlet splitter and separate electron capture detectors. Thirteen additional compounds were evaluated for their suitability as internal standards or surrogate compounds for incorporation into Method 8081A. Method reproducibility and linearity are discussed, and results are presented for extracts of six real samples spiked with fifteen organochlorine pesticides and analyzed using the dual-column, dual-detector arrangement. C1 MID PACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 5 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HX828 UT WOS:A1992HX82800009 ER PT J AU VINER, AS LAWLESS, PA ENSOR, DS SPARKS, LE AF VINER, AS LAWLESS, PA ENSOR, DS SPARKS, LE TI OZONE GENERATION IN DC-ENERGIZED ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOC OF IEEE CY OCT 07-12, 1990 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, IND APPLICAT SOC ID NEGATIVE CORONA; DISCHARGES AB Ozone emissions were measured from a short wire-plate precipitator and three commercial electronic air cleaners. Ozone generation was most strongly affected by the corona current and polarity of the discharge electrode. To a lesser extent, the type of corona (i.e., whether tuft or glow) was also important. Water vapor seems to reduce the ozone emission rate for negative corona, but ozone emissions from positive coronas are relatively unaffected. Ozone emission rate was also affected by the radius of the discharge electrode. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR AEROSOL TECHNOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RES TRIANGLE INST,SURFACE CLEANING TECHNOL CONSORTIUM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,INDOOR AIR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP VINER, AS (reprint author), THREE M CO,DIV OCCUPAT HLTH & ENVIRONM SAFETY,ST PAUL,MN 55144, USA. NR 10 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1109/28.137427 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA HV432 UT WOS:A1992HV43200002 ER PT J AU YAMAMOTO, T RAMANATHAN, K LAWLESS, PA ENSOR, DS NEWSOME, JR PLAKS, N RAMSEY, GH AF YAMAMOTO, T RAMANATHAN, K LAWLESS, PA ENSOR, DS NEWSOME, JR PLAKS, N RAMSEY, GH TI CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS BY AN AC ENERGIZED FERROELECTRIC PELLET REACTOR AND A PULSED CORONA REACTOR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOC OF IEEE CY OCT 07-12, 1990 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, IND APPLICAT SOC AB Two laboratory-scale plasma reactors (an alternating current (ac) energized ferroelectric (high-dielectric ceramic) packed bed reactor and a nanosecond pulsed corona reactor) were constructed. This study was done to develop baseline engineering data to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of plasma reactors to the destruction of various volatile organic compounds (VOC's) at ppm levels. Complete destruction was obtained for toluene. Conversions of methylene chloride at 95% and trichlorotrifluoroethane (known as CFC-113) at 67% were achieved for the plasma reactors used. The conversion was dependent on the mean electron energy in the reactor and was also related to how strongly halogen species were bonded with carbon. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CIBA GEIGY CORP,GREENSBORO,NC 27419. RP YAMAMOTO, T (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR AEROSOL TECHNOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 11 TC 212 Z9 232 U1 4 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1109/28.137430 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA HV432 UT WOS:A1992HV43200005 ER PT J AU LAY, T CARLSON, G DELONG, A FRASER, DL KERRI, K LOGSDON, GS POLLEN, MR POSPISHIL, DB SHANAGHAN, PE AF LAY, T CARLSON, G DELONG, A FRASER, DL KERRI, K LOGSDON, GS POLLEN, MR POSPISHIL, DB SHANAGHAN, PE TI SUPPORTING SMALL SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 AMER WATERWORKS ASS,PARKER,CO 80134. UNION WILLIAMS PUBL SERV DIST,WAVERLY,WV 26184. MONTANA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,BUR WATER QUAL,HELENA,MT 59620. CALIF STATE UNIV SACRAMENTO,OFF WATER PROGRAMS,SACRAMENTO,CA 95819. BLACK & VEATCH CONSULTING ENGINEERS,WATER PROC RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45242. NO TESTING LABS INC,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. S DAKOTA ASS RURAL WATER,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57106. US EPA,OFF GROUNDWATER & DRINKING WATER,MOBILIZAT & TRAINING SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LAY, T (reprint author), AMER WATERWORKS ASS,SMALL SYST PROGRAM,6666 W QUINCY AVE,DENVER,CO 80235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 24 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HW727 UT WOS:A1992HW72700004 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, JA ADAMS, JQ LYKINS, BW CLARK, RM AF GOODRICH, JA ADAMS, JQ LYKINS, BW CLARK, RM TI SAFE DRINKING-WATER FROM SMALL SYSTEMS - TREATMENT OPTIONS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Bringing small water systems into compliance with the ever-increasing number of regulations will require flexibility in terms of technology application and institutional procedures. This article looks at the means by which small systems can provide safe drinking water, focusing on the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of several treatment options-full-scale conventional treatment, centrally located package plants, and point-of-use or point-of-entry devices-for various scenarios. C1 US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GOODRICH, JA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HW727 UT WOS:A1992HW72700007 ER PT J AU BOYDEN, BH BANH, DT HUCKABAY, HK FERNANDES, JB AF BOYDEN, BH BANH, DT HUCKABAY, HK FERNANDES, JB TI USING INCLINED CASCADE AERATION TO STRIP CHLORINATED VOCS FROM DRINKING-WATER SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TRIHALOMETHANES; REMOVAL; DESIGN; TOWER AB Inclined cascade aeration (ICA) was effective in removing 10 chlorinated volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from drinking water at liquid loadings of 5 gpm/ft (1.04 L s-1/m) to 15 gpm/ft (3.1 L s-1/m). Overall mass transfer (or desorption) coefficients (K(L)a(v)) were an order of magnitude larger (0.08-0.54 s-1) than those reported for packed-tower aeration. A curve fit of the experimental data for all 10 VOCs with the equation K(L)a(v) = 0.019 + 0.091 (Hp)1/4(sin-theta)4/3, in which H(p) is the Henry's law constant (atm) and theta is the angle of inclination, yielded desorption coefficients within +/- 18 percent of experimental values. A cascade angle of 60-degrees was found most efficacious for compounds with H(p) values > 300 atm; compounds with H(p) values < 300 atm were most effectively stripped at yet steeper angles. C1 ISK BIOTECH CORP,HOUSTON,TX. LOUISIANA TECH UNIV,CHEM ENGN,RUSTON,LA 71272. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BOYDEN, BH (reprint author), UNIV NEW S WALES,CTR WASTE TREATMENT,BOX 1,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HW727 UT WOS:A1992HW72700009 ER PT J AU COVERT, TC RICE, EW JOHNSON, SA BERMAN, D JOHNSON, CH MASON, PJ AF COVERT, TC RICE, EW JOHNSON, SA BERMAN, D JOHNSON, CH MASON, PJ TI COMPARING DEFINED-SUBSTRATE COLIFORM TESTS FOR THE DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN WATER SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRESENCE-ABSENCE TECHNIQUES; NATIONAL FIELD-EVALUATION; DRINKING-WATER; MEMBRANE-FILTER; ENUMERATION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; STANDARD; SURVIVAL AB Two commercially available defined-substrate coliform tests were compared with EC medium plus 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) for detecting chlorine-exposed Escherichia coli in spiked water samples. Statistical analyses of the test results indicated no significant differences in detection of E. coli between the Autoanalysis Colilert test and EC medium with MUG. There were, however, significant differences in detection of E. coli between the ColiQuik test and EC medium with MUG in the free-chlorine-exposed pure culture studies and when all the data were combined. All methods were capable of detecting 1 cfu/100 mL of E. coli. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP COVERT, TC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 98 EP 104 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HW727 UT WOS:A1992HW72700013 ER PT J AU REESE, DH LARSEN, RA HORNICEK, FJ AF REESE, DH LARSEN, RA HORNICEK, FJ TI CONTROL OF ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN C3H10T1/2 CELLS - ROLE OF RETINOIC ACID AND CELL-DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ADHESION GRADIENT; MESSENGER-RNA; TUMOR CELLS; HUMAN-SERUM; ALPHA GENE; INDUCTION AB The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been shown to be lost or inappropriately expressed during carcinogenesis in some tissues. Because retinoic acid (RA) appears to play a role in the normal regulation of the enzyme (RA up-regulates AP in a variety of cell types) we have suggested that altered AP expression in some cancers may be caused by a defect in the ability of the cells to respond normally to retinoid. We have begun to use the chemically transformable mouse embryo fibroblast cell, C3H10T1/2, to investigate this possibility. In this initial study we characterized AP regulation in normal C3H10T1/2 cells and show that: (1) 10(-7) M RA increases AP activity within 3-4 h in serum-free medium; (2) serum inhibits short-term induction (0-8) in a concentration-dependent manner (10% serum causes complete inhibition); (3) during long-term RA exposure (24 h and 48 h), induction can be detected in serum-containing medium; (4) AP induction is dose related at RA concentrations from 10(-10) M to 10(-6) M in serum-free medium; (5) 10(-5) M RA is ineffective at including AP in serum-free medium during 8 h but is the most effective concentration in serum-containing medium during 24 h and 48 h exposures; (6) AP inducibility by RA requires near-confluent cell densities; and (7) when cultures become confluent, cells become constitutive for AP and no longer require RA for enzyme expression. The effects of serum and cell density on AP inducibility by RA and implications of the RA up-regulation of AP for teratogenesis are discussed. C1 ASCL CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22101. RP REESE, DH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,GENET TOXICOL ASSESSMENT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 151 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1002/jcp.1041510204 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA HR760 UT WOS:A1992HR76000003 PM 1572900 ER PT J AU KRISHNAMURTHY, S AF KRISHNAMURTHY, S TI BIOMETHYLATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT OF METALS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID METHYLATION; LEAD RP KRISHNAMURTHY, S (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA HW422 UT WOS:A1992HW42200009 ER PT J AU CHEN, CT AF CHEN, CT TI UNDERSTANDING THE FATE OF PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS IN THE SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article RP CHEN, CT (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA HW422 UT WOS:A1992HW42200013 ER PT J AU RICE, EW SOWERS, EG JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME STROCKBINE, NA EDBERG, SC AF RICE, EW SOWERS, EG JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME STROCKBINE, NA EDBERG, SC TI SEROLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIONS BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157 AND OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS ESCHERICHIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FALSE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATIONS; STRAINS AB The antigenic relatedness of Escherichia coli O157 and four sorbitol-negative species of the genus Escherichia was examined. Isolates of Escherichia hermannii, E. fergusonii, E. vulneris, and E. blattae were tested in the tube agglutination assay by using polyclonal antisera and in the slide agglutination assay by using latex reagents. Only four isolates (17%) of E. hermannii exhibited serological cross-reactivity. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1316 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HP828 UT WOS:A1992HP82800053 PM 1583138 ER PT J AU FOURNIE, JW HAWKINS, WE WALKER, WW AF FOURNIE, JW HAWKINS, WE WALKER, WW TI ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN THE GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA PETERS SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINOBLASTOMA C1 GULF COAST RES LAB,OCEAN SPRINGS,MS 39564. RP FOURNIE, JW (reprint author), US EPA,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 106 IS 4 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1016/0021-9975(92)90027-R PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA JC810 UT WOS:A1992JC81000010 PM 1644937 ER PT J AU STEFAN, HG GU, R AF STEFAN, HG GU, R TI EFFICIENCY OF JET-MIXING OF TEMPERATURE-STRATIFIED WATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper deals with artificial mixing of naturally temperature-stratified water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, by selective withdrawal and jet reinjection at a different depth. The effects of jet orientation and jet momentum on mixing processes and efficiency are investigated. A one-dimensional simulation model, previously verified against experimental data for horizontal jets, is applied to experimental data for vertical jets in this paper. It is found that destratification by a vertical jet is slightly more efficient than by a horizontal jet. Destratification is measured by a stability parameter. More than 80% mixing is achieved when 20% or more of the water volume between withdrawal and reinjection points is recycled. Low-momentum jets are found more efficient than high-momentum jets. Efficiency was measured in terms of energy demand relative to change in potential energy. Basins of rectangular or parabolic shape are investigated. C1 US EPA, ASCI CORP, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. RP STEFAN, HG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT CIVIL & MINERAL ENGN, ST ANTHONY FALLS HYDR LAB, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55414 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 3 BP 363 EP 379 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:3(363) PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV096 UT WOS:A1992HV09600005 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, H HARTEN, T SPRINGER, J RANDALL, P CURRAN, MA STONE, K AF FREEMAN, H HARTEN, T SPRINGER, J RANDALL, P CURRAN, MA STONE, K TI INDUSTRIAL-POLLUTION PREVENTION - A CRITICAL-REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review AB "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Trite? Maybe, but this proverb is coming to be increasingly recognized as a rallying cry for U.S. environmental programs. The Administrator of the U.S. EPA has stated, "A new sense of urgency and resolve to improve the quality of the environment has taken root in our country. Despite the complexity of the environmental challenge-or perhaps because of it-we are falling back on some simple and common sense ideas. One of them is pollution prevention." The U.S. Congress passed the Pollution Prevention Act in October 1990. Pollution prevention is clearly a concept that will be of increasing importance to U.S. companies and to the public agencies that are responsible for regulating those companies. In this critical review the authors present the current state of knowledge regarding pollution prevention approaches to environmental improvement, explore the state of development of various private and public approaches to encouraging the adoption of pollution prevention strategies, highlight selected clean technologies and clean products, and examine various technical and economic issues related to the concept of pollution prevention. RP FREEMAN, H (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,POLLUT PREVENT RES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014 NR 213 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 618 EP 656 PG 39 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HV482 UT WOS:A1992HV48200005 ER PT J AU HASSELBLAD, V EDDY, DM KOTCHMAR, DJ AF HASSELBLAD, V EDDY, DM KOTCHMAR, DJ TI SYNTHESIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE - NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COVARIATE MEASUREMENT ERROR; CONFIDENCE PROFILE METHOD; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; GAS COOKING; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; BAYESIAN METHOD; META-ANALYSIS; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN AB The use of meta-analysis is becoming more common in the medical literature, but it is not common in the environmental literature. Although meta-analysis cannot combine a group of poorly executed, conflicting studies to get an unequivocal answer, there are certain situations where it can be helpful. The inability of studies to produce similar results may be a function of the power of the studies rather than a reflection of their quality. The literature on the effects of nitrogen dioxide on the odds of respiratory illness in children is such an example. Three quantitative methods for the synthesis of this evidence are presented. Although the methods produce slightly different results, the conclusion from all three methods is that the increase in the odds of respiratory illness in children exposed to a long-term increase of 30-mu-g/m3 (comparable to the increase resulting from exposure to a gas stove) is about 20 percent. This estimated increase is not sensitive to the method of analysis. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HASSELBLAD, V (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,CTR HLTH POLICY RES & EDUC,125 OLD CHEM BLDG,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 58 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 662 EP 671 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HV482 UT WOS:A1992HV48200007 PM 1627322 ER PT J AU MCCRILLIS, RC WATTS, RR WARREN, SH AF MCCRILLIS, RC WATTS, RR WARREN, SH TI EFFECTS OF OPERATING VARIABLES ON PAH EMISSIONS AND MUTAGENICITY OF EMISSIONS FROM WOODSTOVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB As part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted field emission measurement programs in Raleigh, North Carolina, and Boise, Idaho, to identify the potential mutagenic impact of residential wood burning and motor vehicles on ambient and indoor air. These studies included the collection of emission samples from chimneys serving wood burning appliances. Parallel projects were undertaken In instrumented woodstove test laboratories to quantify woodstove emissions during operations typical of in-house usage but under more controlled conditions. Three wood stoves were operated in test laboratories over a range of burnrates, burning eastern oak, southern yellow pine, or western white pine. Two conventional stoves were tested at an altitude of 90 m. One of the conventional stoves and a catalytic stove were tested at an altitude of 825 m. Decreasing burnrate increased total particulate emissions from the conventional stoves while the catalytic stove's total particulate emissions were unaffected. There was no correlation of total particulate emissions with attitude whereas total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions were higher at the lower altitude. Mutagenicity of the catalytic stove emissions was higher than emissions from the conventional stove. Emissions from burning pine were more mutagenic than emissions from oak. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MCCRILLIS, RC (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HV482 UT WOS:A1992HV48200010 PM 1627324 ER PT J AU BATES, ER DEAN, PV KLICH, I AF BATES, ER DEAN, PV KLICH, I TI CHEMICAL STABILIZATION OF MIXED ORGANIC AND METAL-COMPOUNDS - EPA SITE PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION OF THE SILICATE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In November 1990, the Silicate Technology Corporation's (STC) proprietary process for treating soil contaminated with toxic semivolatile organic and inorganic contaminants was evaluated in a Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) field demonstration at the Selma Pressure Treating (SPT) wood preserving site in Selma, California. The SPT site was contaminated principally with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and arsenic, as well as lesser amounts of chromium and copper. Because of their importance when selecting a remedy for the site, PCP and arsenic were identified as critical analytes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Evaluation of STCs treatment process was based on contaminant mobility, measured by numerous leaching tests, and structural integrity of the solidified material, measured by physical, engineering, and morphological tests. An economic analysis was also performed, using cost information supplied by STC and supplemented by information generated during the demonstration. Conclusions drawn from this SITE demonstration evaluation are. (1) the STC process can chemically stabilize contaminated soils similar to those at the Selma site that contain both semivolatile organic and inorganic contaminants, (2) PCP was successfully treated as demonstrated by total waste analysis, (3) heavy metals such as arsenic can be immobilized successfully based on various leach-test criteria, (4) the short-term physical stability of the treated waste was good, with unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) well above landfill solidification standards; (5) treatment resulted in a volume increase of 59 to 75 percent (68 percent average) and a slight increase in bulk density, and (6) the process is expected to cost approximately $190 to $360 per cubic yard when it is used to treat 15,000 cubic yards of waste similar to that found at the STC demonstration site, assuming that on-site, in-place disposal is performed. C1 PRC ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT INC,MCLEAN,VA 22102. RP BATES, ER (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 724 EP 728 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HV482 UT WOS:A1992HV48200013 ER PT J AU YFANTIS, EA GALLITANO, GM FLATMAN, GT AF YFANTIS, EA GALLITANO, GM FLATMAN, GT TI CHAOTIC ALGORITHM FOR SURFACE ESTIMATION SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA, USDA, FOREST SERV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV ARIZONA, UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, RESOURCE TECHNOL INST AB This paper describes the use of mathematical procedures for simulating surface phenomena related to natural environmental features. Surface estimation methods fall into three major classes: deterministic methods, stochastic methods and a third class based on theories of chaos and fractals. This third class of methods is relatively new and therefore not as well developed as the first two classes. One of the major uses for this class of interpolators is in the graphical representation and modeling of natural phenomena. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT MATH SCI,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. RP YFANTIS, EA (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT COMP SCI,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90048-5 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JA577 UT WOS:A1992JA57700019 ER PT J AU CULLATI, A IDASZAK, R RHYNE, T AF CULLATI, A IDASZAK, R RHYNE, T TI SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION EFFORTS AT THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA, USDA, FOREST SERV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV ARIZONA, UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, RESOURCE TECHNOL INST AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency has recently begun to explore and use scientific visualization tools for environmental research. During May 1990, the National Data Processing Division opened a small visualization laboratory at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. With the future acquisition of two High Performance Computing platforms, it is expected that scientific visualization efforts will expand over the next 5-10 years. This document highlights issues associated with this expansion. C1 N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,UNISYS CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27710. RP CULLATI, A (reprint author), US EPA,NATL DATA PROC DIV,86 ALEXANDER DR,MD 34,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90052-2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JA577 UT WOS:A1992JA57700023 ER PT J AU SETRAN, AC AF SETRAN, AC TI A NEW PLANKTON TRAP FOR USE IN THE COLLECTION OF ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZOOPLANKTON SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note AB Intertidal energy levels historically have precluded the use of conventional plankton sampling methods in rocky inshore habitats. A new sampling device (intertidal plankton trap) that exploits wave surge was used to determine the composition, distribution, and abundance patterns of zooplankton from the surf zone of a rocky shore habitat. On three separate dates, replicate traps were used to sample consecutive tides, concurrently at two locations, to assess diurnal differences in inshore zooplankton during daylight and nocturnal tidal cycles. Diurnal differences in taxon abundances suggest diurnal vertical migration. RP SETRAN, AC (reprint author), US EPA,W-7-1 75 HAWTHORNE ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 669 EP 674 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JH235 UT WOS:A1992JH23500019 ER PT J AU WEBER, D ENGLUND, E AF WEBER, D ENGLUND, E TI EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF SPATIAL INTERPOLATORS SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAMPLING; GEOSTATISTICS; ESTIMATORS; INTERPOLATION AB This study evaluates 15 different estimators to determine their relative merits in estimating block concentrations at contaminant waste sites. The evaluation was based on 54 subsets of data drawn from an exhaustive set of 19,800 data. For each subset, 198 block estimates were made with each estimator. The measurements of estimation quality were a linear loss function and a more standard statistic, the mean square error. The linear loss function showed that seven of the estimators produced scores close enough to be within the same statistical population. Results based on the mean square error were similar. The surprising results of this study were that inverse distance and inverse distance squared both produced better scores than kriging. C1 US EPA,EMSL LV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP WEBER, D (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,4505 MARYLAND PKWY,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. RI Nhu, Viet Ha/A-9309-2011 OI Nhu, Viet Ha/0000-0003-1812-950X NR 10 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 10 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1007/BF00891270 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA HV131 UT WOS:A1992HV13100003 ER PT J AU HIGGINBOTHAM, AL SMITH, WC AF HIGGINBOTHAM, AL SMITH, WC TI THE HUGHES COURT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF THE SEPARATE BUT EQUAL DOCTRINE SO MINNESOTA LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RACE C1 US COURT APPEALS 3RD CIRCUIT,WASHINGTON,DC. US EPA,REG 3,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINN LAW REVIEW FOUND PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 229 19TH AVE SOUTH UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 SN 0026-5535 J9 MINN LAW REV JI Minn. Law Rev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1131 PG 33 WC Law SC Government & Law GA JC199 UT WOS:A1992JC19900001 ER PT J AU DEMARINI, DM LAWRENCE, BK AF DEMARINI, DM LAWRENCE, BK TI PROPHAGE INDUCTION BY DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II POISONS AND REACTIVE-OXYGEN SPECIES - ROLE OF DNA BREAKS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DNA DAMAGE; SOS INDUCTION; MICROSCREEN ASSAY; FREE RADICALS DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II; REACTIVE-OXYGEN SPECIES; DNA BREAKS, ROLE OF ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; SALMONELLA-MICROSOME TEST; ANTI-TUMOR AGENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; NALIDIXIC-ACID; SOS CHROMOTEST; ANTITUMOR DRUGS; M-AMSA; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY AB Various compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce prophage lambda in the Escherichia coli WP2s(lambda) microscreen assay. The inability of a DNA gyrase subunit B inhibitor (novobiocin) to induce prophage indicated that inhibition of the gyrase's ATPase was insufficient to elicit the SOS response. In contrast, poisons of DNA gyrase subunit A (nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid) were the most potent inducers of prophage among the agents examined here. This suggested that inhibition of the ligation function of subunit A, which also has a DNA nicking activity, likely resulted in DNA breaks that were available (as single-stranded DNA) to act as strong SOS-inducing signals, leading to prophage induction. Agents that both intercalated and produced reactive-oxygen species (the mammalian DNA topoisomerase II poisons, adriamycin, ellipticine, and m-AMSA) were the next most potent inducers of prophage. Agents that produced reactive-oxygen species only (hydrogen peroxide and paraquat) were less potent than adriamycin and ellipticine but more potent than m-AMSA. Agents that intercalated but did not generate reactive-oxygen species (actinomycin D) or that did neither (teniposide) were unable to induce prophage, suggesting that intercalation alone may be insufficient to induce prophage. These results illustrate the variety of mechanisms (and the relative' effectiveness of these mechanisms) by which agents can induce prophage. Nonetheless, these agents may induce prophage by producing essentially the same type of DNA damage, i.e., DNA strand breaks. The potent genotoxicity of the DNA gyrase subunit A poisons illustrates the genotoxic consequences of perturbing an important DNA-protein complex such as that formed by DNA and DNA topoisomerase. RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68-A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 97 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 267 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90106-C PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HT815 UT WOS:A1992HT81500001 PM 1373845 ER PT J AU TILSON, HA AF TILSON, HA TI STUDY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ISSUES; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; MICE ID QUANTITATIVE COMPARABILITY; WORKSHOP AB It is widely accepted that exposure to environmental factors during development can result in effects other than death, gross structural abnormality, or altered growth. One area of concern is the developing nervous system, which may be especially vulnerable to environmental perturbation. Testing chemicals for potential developmental neurotoxicity has received a high priority and testing guidelines have been published and recently revised by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. These guidelines are based on several principles of developmental neurotoxicity that have been developed during several years of research. In general, manifestation of neurotoxicity following developmental exposure can depend on the time at which exposure occurs and for the purposes of hazard detection, experiments should be designed to optimize the detection of neurotoxicity. In addition, maternal health and interaction with the offspring, as well as postnatal development are important design issues in developmental neurotoxicology. It is also widely accepted that several doses be used and multiple measures of neurotoxicity assessed in both genders at several points during the life span of the animal. Finally, the litter is usually regarded as the most appropriate statistical unit to control for genetic and maternal factors. RP TILSON, HA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90017-5 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA JA081 UT WOS:A1992JA08100007 PM 1321946 ER PT J AU MULLER, KE BENIGNUS, VA AF MULLER, KE BENIGNUS, VA TI INCREASING SCIENTIFIC POWER WITH STATISTICAL POWER SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHOOSING SAMPLE SIZE; RESEARCH DESIGN; FINDING NO EFFECT; METAANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ID SAMPLE-SIZE; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; APPROPRIATE AB A survey of basic ideas in statistical power analysis demonstrates the advantages and ease of using power analysis throughout the design, analysis, and interpretation of research. The power of a statistical test is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of the test. The traditional approach to power involves computation of only a single power value. The more general power curve allows examining the range of power determinants, which are sample size, population difference, and error variance, in traditional ANOVA. Power analysis can be useful not only in study planning, but also in the evaluation of existing research. An important application is in concluding that no scientifically important treatment difference exists. Choosing an appropriate power depends on: a) opportunity costs, b) ethical trade-offs, c) the size of effect considered important, d) the uncertainty of parameter estimates, and e) the analyst's preferences. Although precise rules seem inappropriate, several guidelines are defensible. First, the sensitivity of the power curve to particular characteristics of the study, such as the error variance, should be examined in any power analysis. Second, just as a small type I error rate should be demonstrated in order to declare a difference nonzero, a small type II error should be demonstrated in order to declare a difference zero. Third, when ethical and opportunity costs do not preclude it, power should be at least .84, and preferably greater than .90. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,HERL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP MULLER, KE (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOSTAT,CB 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA47 982-04]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046]; NICHD NIH HHS [P30-HD03110-22] NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90019-7 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA JA081 UT WOS:A1992JA08100009 PM 1386138 ER PT J AU HETRICK, JA SCHWAB, AP AF HETRICK, JA SCHWAB, AP TI CHANGES IN ALUMINUM AND PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILITIES IN RESPONSE TO LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Continuous fertilization with NH4 and phosphate fertilizers often has profound effects on the chemistry of soils. The resulting decreased pH and increased orthophosphate activities can impact the solid- and solution-phase equilibria. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term fertilization of Al and P soil solution activities and to relate these activities to mineralogical components of the soil. Soil fertility treatments were established in Manhattan, KS, on a Smolan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Argiustoll) and annually received high rates of NH4NO3 and superphosphate for > 40 yr. High rates of NH4 applied to these soils decreased the soil pH from 6.9 to 4.1, and it was anticipated that the activities of Al and P might have been affected by pH changes. Solubilities of Al and P were measured after equilibrating soils for 36 d in 0.01 M CaCl2, and ionic activities were calculated. Apparent equilibria with amorphous Al(OH), and hydroxyapatite were observed in unfertilized soils. Phosphorus fertilization did not affect Al solubilities but increased P activities to apparent equilibrium with tricalcium phosphate and Al phosphates. The mean ion activity product for AlPO4.nH2O was -2.29 +/- 0.38 compared with -2.50 for AlPO4 (variscite) and -0.92 for AlPO.2H2O (amorphous). Aluminum solubilities in the N-treated soils were undersaturated with respect to Al oxides, Al oxyhydroxides, Al hydroxides, and all phosphate minerals but may have been in equilibrium with montmorillonite. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. OI Schwab, Arthur/0000-0002-0702-6823 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800013 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, CH HATCH, GE SLADE, R MASON, RP AF KENNEDY, CH HATCH, GE SLADE, R MASON, RP TI APPLICATION OF THE EPR SPIN-TRAPPING TECHNIQUE TO THE DETECTION OF RADICALS PRODUCED INVIVO DURING INHALATION EXPOSURE OF RATS TO OZONE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 0.1 PPM OZONE; VITAMIN-E; PULMONARY ALTERATIONS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LUNGS; MECHANISM; LIPOSOMES; AIRWAYS; DAMAGE; CELLS C1 NIEHS,MOLEC BIOPHYS LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5T32 ES-07126] NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 114 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90094-9 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HU419 UT WOS:A1992HU41900006 PM 1316646 ER PT J AU DOURSON, ML KNAUF, LA SWARTOUT, JC AF DOURSON, ML KNAUF, LA SWARTOUT, JC TI ON REFERENCE DOSE (RFD) AND ITS UNDERLYING TOXICITY DATA-BASE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE REFERENCE DOSE (RFD); ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI); UNCERTAINTY FACTOR; SAFETY FACTOR; PESTICIDES; INTERSPECIES COMPARISON OF TOXIC RESPONSE AB The toxicity data of pesticides were summarized and compared amongst different animal species and types of bioassays. These comparisons showed the expected inter-species and inter-bioassay variability. After quantitative and statistical analysis of these data, it was concluded that, on the average, a 2-year dog bioassay detected toxic responses at similar doses as a 2-year rat study, and that both of these bioassays detected toxic responses at lower doses than either a rat 2-generation bioassay, a rat developmental toxicity study, or a 2-year mouse bioassay. Although these chronic dog and rat bioassays were found to detect toxic responses at lower doses than the other studies listed, this analysis does not reflect the seriousness of the effects that were compared. Within the confines of this analysis, then, it appears that a 2-year dog and rat study, reproductive and developmental bioassays are a sufficient data base on which to estimate high confidence Reference Doses (RfDs), and furthermore, that an additional uncertainty factor is needed to estimate RfDs to account for this inter-species and inter-bioassay variability when fewer than this number of bioassays are available. RP DOURSON, ML (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,26 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 171 EP 189 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JF748 UT WOS:A1992JF74800004 PM 1502696 ER PT J AU FARLAND, WH AF FARLAND, WH TI THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES - CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article RP FARLAND, WH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA JF748 UT WOS:A1992JF74800006 PM 1502698 ER PT J AU TUCKER, WG AF TUCKER, WG TI CHARACTERIZING EMISSIONS AND HEALTH-EFFECTS OF SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS - INTRODUCTION SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material RP TUCKER, WG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16526.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100001 PM 1580463 ER PT J AU WALLACE, LA AF WALLACE, LA TI RECENT FIELD STUDIES OF PERSONAL AND INDOOR EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP WALLACE, LA (reprint author), US EPA,WARRENTON,VA 22186, USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16527.x PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100002 PM 1580482 ER PT J AU TICHENOR, BA AF TICHENOR, BA TI CHARACTERIZING MATERIAL SOURCES AND SINKS - CURRENT APPROACHES SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS RP TICHENOR, BA (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,INDOOR AIR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16533.x PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100008 ER PT J AU SPARKS, LE AF SPARKS, LE TI MODELING INDOOR CONCENTRATIONS AND EXPOSURES SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP SPARKS, LE (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,INDOOR AIR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16536.x PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100011 ER PT J AU KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB AF KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB TI HUMAN UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT RESPONSES TO INHALED POLLUTANTS WITH EMPHASIS ON NASAL LAVAGE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INFLAMMATION; OZONE; AIR RP KOREN, HS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16545.x PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100020 PM 1580472 ER PT J AU OTTO, DA AF OTTO, DA TI ASSESSMENT OF NEUROBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE IN HUMANS TO LOW-LEVEL VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND SOURCES SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL-EVALUATION; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; SOLVENT TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; WORKERS; TESTS RP OTTO, DA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16547.x PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100022 PM 1580474 ER PT J AU MACPHAIL, RC PEELE, DB AF MACPHAIL, RC PEELE, DB TI ANIMAL-MODELS FOR ASSESSING THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL IMPACT OF AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INHALATION EXPOSURE; METHYL-BROMIDE; RATS C1 NSI TECHNOL SERV INC,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MACPHAIL, RC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16550.x PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100025 PM 1580477 ER PT J AU TUCKER, WG AF TUCKER, WG TI PROSPECTS FOR SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT - CONCLUSION SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material RP TUCKER, WG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 641 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb16552.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM211 UT WOS:A1992JM21100027 ER PT J AU CHAMEIDES, WL FEHSENFELD, F RODGERS, MO CARDELINO, C MARTINEZ, J PARRISH, D LONNEMAN, W LAWSON, DR RASMUSSEN, RA ZIMMERMAN, P GREENBERG, J MIDDLETON, P WANG, T AF CHAMEIDES, WL FEHSENFELD, F RODGERS, MO CARDELINO, C MARTINEZ, J PARRISH, D LONNEMAN, W LAWSON, DR RASMUSSEN, RA ZIMMERMAN, P GREENBERG, J MIDDLETON, P WANG, T TI OZONE PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS IN THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INCREMENTAL HYDROCARBON REACTIVITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; SURFACE OZONE; AMAZON BASIN; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; NORTH PACIFIC; NITRIC-OXIDE; NIWOT RIDGE AB The concentrations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and nonmethane hydrocarbons measured near the surface in a variety of urban, suburban, rural, and remote locations are analyzed and compared in order to elucidate the relationships between ozone, its photochemical precursors, and the sources of these precursors. While a large gradient is found among remote, rural, and urban/suburban nitrogen oxide concentrations, the total hydrocarbon reactivity in all continental locations is found to be comparable. Apportionment of the observed hydrocarbon species to mobile and stationary anthropogenic sources and biogenic sources suggests that present-day emission inventories for the United States underestimate the size of mobile emissions. The analysis also suggests a significant role for biogenic hydrocarbon emissions in many urban/suburban locations and a dominant role for these sources in rural areas of the eastern United States. As one moves from remote locations to rural locations and then from rural to urban/suburban locations, ozone and nitrogen oxide concentrations tend to increase in a consistent manner while total hydrocarbon reactivity does not. C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD, DIV RES, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 USA. US EPA, AREAL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. SUNY ALBANY, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA. OREGON GRAD CTR, BEAVERTON, OR USA. RP CHAMEIDES, WL (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; WANG, Tao/B-9919-2014 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; WANG, Tao/0000-0002-4765-9377 NR 71 TC 441 Z9 466 U1 9 U2 82 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D5 BP 6037 EP 6055 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HQ644 UT WOS:A1992HQ64400021 ER PT J AU JASOFRIEDMANN, L LEARY, JH STJOHN, AL HARRIS, DT KOREN, HS EVANS, DL AF JASOFRIEDMANN, L LEARY, JH STJOHN, AL HARRIS, DT KOREN, HS EVANS, DL TI DETECTION OF FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED MOLECULES ON RAT NK CELLS AND THEIR ROLE IN TARGET-CELL LYSIS SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; CYTO-TOXIC CELLS; FISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CYTOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; BETA-CHAIN; EXPRESSION C1 UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JASOFRIEDMANN, L (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 48085, CA 47338] NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 141 IS 1 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0008-8749(92)90133-A PG 17 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA HM039 UT WOS:A1992HM03900012 PM 1555247 ER PT J AU BRASS, HJ GOMEZTAYLOR, M AF BRASS, HJ GOMEZTAYLOR, M TI REDEFINING DETECTION AND QUANTITATION AND THEIR APPLICATION TO STANDARD SETTING IN THE DRINKING-WATER PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 2 EP CEI PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16301051 ER PT J AU HAEBERER, AF WENTWORTH, NW AF HAEBERER, AF WENTWORTH, NW TI REGULATORY ASPECTS OF DETECTION AND QUANTITATION LIMITS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,QUAL ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 4 EP CEI PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16301053 ER PT J AU BRITTON, PW AF BRITTON, PW TI ASTM ACTIVITIES REGARDING ANALYTICAL DETECTION IN WATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 5 EP CEI PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16301054 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, BS VANEMON, JM HAMMOCK, BD AF FERGUSON, BS VANEMON, JM HAMMOCK, BD TI BIOLOGICAL, EXPOSURE MONITORING USING IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IMMUNOSYST INC,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,EMSL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 5 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100141 ER PT J AU SALMON, AG AF SALMON, AG TI CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 11 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101369 ER PT J AU SERRANO, J KUEHL, D NAUMANN, S AF SERRANO, J KUEHL, D NAUMANN, S TI LC UV AND LC TSP MS CHARACTERIZATION OF MAJOR AND MINOR DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES IN LIVER DNA FROM 4 SPECIES OF FISH - RELATION WITH CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 13 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100802 ER PT J AU ABERNATHY, CO AF ABERNATHY, CO TI RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY (EPA) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH WH-586,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 16 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101374 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JL TODD, CE WOLFE, NL AF ANDERSON, JL TODD, CE WOLFE, NL TI INVESTIGATION OF THERMODYNAMICALLY UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTAL REDOX REACTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 16 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101949 ER PT J AU FAUST, BC ZEPP, RG CEILER, DL GARRATY, JM HOIGNE, J AF FAUST, BC ZEPP, RG CEILER, DL GARRATY, JM HOIGNE, J TI PHOTO-REDOX REACTIONS OF AQUEOUS IRON(III) COMPLEXES - SOURCES OF OXIDANTS IN SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC WATERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27706. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. EAWAG,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 17 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101950 ER PT J AU PULS, RW PAUL, CJ CLARK, DA KERR, RS AF PULS, RW PAUL, CJ CLARK, DA KERR, RS TI DISTRIBUTION, SPECIATION, AND TRANSFORMATION OF CHROMIUM IN CONTAMINATED SOILS AND AQUIFER SEDIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 22 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101955 ER PT J AU WOODMAN, JH AF WOODMAN, JH TI POLLUTION PREVENTION IN THE DYE INDUSTRY - AN INDUSTRY GOVERNMENT COLLABORATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 27 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101960 ER PT J AU TEICHMAN, KY AF TEICHMAN, KY TI OVERVIEW OF INDOOR AIR-QUALITY - POLICY, ISSUES, AND RESEARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OTTRS,ORD,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 28 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101386 ER PT J AU LYON, WG WEST, CC KERR, RS AF LYON, WG WEST, CC KERR, RS TI SPECTROSCOPIC AND OTHER STUDIES OF HUMIC-COATED AQUIFER SANDS AT THE SLEEPING BEAR FUEL SPILL SITE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 38 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102508 ER PT J AU ADAMCZYK, TE AF ADAMCZYK, TE TI FEDERAL AND STATE ISSUES RELATED TO DOMESTIC PESTICIDE USE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OPP DIV REGISTRAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 41 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100177 ER PT J AU JONES, LA GLENNON, JJ PRAEBEL, JH COPELAND, MF KAVLOCK, RJ AF JONES, LA GLENNON, JJ PRAEBEL, JH COPELAND, MF KAVLOCK, RJ TI A QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION DERIVATION PROCEDURE FOR THE CAPILLARY COLUMN GC ANALYSIS OF PHENOL AND ITS METABOLITES IN AQUEOUS BIOLOGICAL MEDIA AT A PARTS-PER-BILLION LEVEL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DEV & CELL TOXICOL PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 55 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100402 ER PT J AU ALTMAN, RH AF ALTMAN, RH TI EVALUATION OF METHODS TO DETERMINE SULFATE IN WATER MATRICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ANNAPOLIS,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 66 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100412 ER PT J AU WEBER, EJ THORN, KA SPIDLE, DL AF WEBER, EJ THORN, KA SPIDLE, DL TI KINETIC AND N-15 NMR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE COVALENT BINDING OF ANILINE TO HUMIC SUBSTANCES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. USGS,ARVADA,CO 80002. US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 78 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102548 ER PT J AU RIECK, RH AF RIECK, RH TI PERFORMANCE OF THE ATOMIC EMISSION DETECTOR IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,REG LAB 10,PORT ORCHARD,WA 98366. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 83 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100219 ER PT J AU MILLER, WL ZEPP, RG AF MILLER, WL ZEPP, RG TI PHOTOCHEMICAL CARBON CYCLING IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS - FORMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE AND CARBON-MONOXIDE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ASCI CORP,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 95 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102028 ER PT J AU MACALADY, DL WOLFE, NL AF MACALADY, DL WOLFE, NL TI HYDROPHOBIC EFFECTS IN THE REDUCTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS BY NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM & GEOCHEM,GOLDEN,CO 80401. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 106 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102039 ER PT J AU CARREIRA, LH WOLFE, NL AF CARREIRA, LH WOLFE, NL TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SEDIMENT COMPONENT THAT REDUCES 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30601. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 108 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102041 ER PT J AU OU, TY CARREIRA, LH SCHOTTMAN, RW WOLFE, NL AF OU, TY CARREIRA, LH SCHOTTMAN, RW WOLFE, NL TI NITROREDUCTION OF 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT) IN CONTAMINATED SOILS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30601. PRC ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT INC,SEATTLE,GA. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 109 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102042 ER PT J AU BAUGHMAN, GL WEBER, EJ BREWER, MS AF BAUGHMAN, GL WEBER, EJ BREWER, MS TI SEDIMENT REDUCTION OF ANTHRAQUINONE DYES AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS - ANTHRONE FORMATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,TEXT SCI PROGRAM,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 113 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102046 ER PT J AU DELGADO, MC WOLFE, NL AF DELGADO, MC WOLFE, NL TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE REDUCTION OF P-SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES IN ANAEROBIC SEDIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 123 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102056 ER PT J AU DEMING, SN PALASOTA, JA GERLACH, RW WHITE, RJ VANEMON, JM AF DEMING, SN PALASOTA, JA GERLACH, RW WHITE, RJ VANEMON, JM TI A CHEMOMETRIC APPROACH TO IMMUNOASSAY CALIBRATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 133 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100268 ER PT J AU ZEPP, RG GUMZ, M BERTINO, D MILLER, WL AF ZEPP, RG GUMZ, M BERTINO, D MILLER, WL TI USE OF VALEROPHENONE AS AN ULTRAVIOLET-B ACTINOMETER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-STUDIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 140 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102073 ER PT J AU JAQUITH, DA LUNCHICK, C APPLETON, HT AF JAQUITH, DA LUNCHICK, C APPLETON, HT TI METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES - THE UNITED-STATES EPA PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 162 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100297 ER PT J AU BARKAY, T TURNER, R AF BARKAY, T TURNER, R TI BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF HG(II) FROM A CONTAMINATED FRESH-WATER POND SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 166 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102635 ER PT J AU BLONDELL, J KNOTT, SM AF BLONDELL, J KNOTT, SM TI RISK ANALYSIS FOR PHENYL MERCURIC ACETATE IN INTERIOR LATEX HOUSE PAINT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ARLINGTON,VA 22202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 167 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100302 ER PT J AU GOODROW, MH SANBORN, JR STOUTAMIRE, D SZURDOKI, F AF GOODROW, MH SANBORN, JR STOUTAMIRE, D SZURDOKI, F TI CRITICAL FACTORS IN THE DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF HAPTENS FOR IMMUNOASSAY DEVELOPMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,DEPT PESTICIDE REGULAT,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 200 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100335 ER PT J AU ALTMAN, RH AF ALTMAN, RH TI EVALUATION OF METHODS TO DETERMINE SULFATE IN WATER MATRICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ANNAPOLIS,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 211 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102144 ER PT J AU HORNE, DM AF HORNE, DM TI THE NATIONAL IPM FORUM - A BLUEPRINT FOR CHANGE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 251 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102184 ER PT J AU JAFVERT, CT VANHOOF, PL HEATH, JK AF JAFVERT, CT VANHOOF, PL HEATH, JK TI DISTRIBUTION AND DEGRADATION OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN SURFACTANT AMENDED SEDIMENT SLURRIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. PURDUE UNIV,SCH CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RI Jafvert, Chad/D-9551-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 271 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102204 ER PT J AU ZEPP, RG AF ZEPP, RG TI EFFECTS OF SOLAR-RADIATION ON SINKS AND SOURCES OF HALOCARBONS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 282 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102215 ER PT J AU TILTON, E HASSELBLAD, V VICTERY, WW ELIAS, RW DAVIS, JM KOTCHMAR, DJ GRANT, LD AF TILTON, E HASSELBLAD, V VICTERY, WW ELIAS, RW DAVIS, JM KOTCHMAR, DJ GRANT, LD TI ROLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA IN ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS FOR SELECTED METALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. DUKE UNIV,CTR PUBL HLTH,DURHAM,NC 27710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 288 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102221 ER PT J AU AULETTA, AE CIMINO, MC AF AULETTA, AE CIMINO, MC TI THE GENE-TOX PROGRAM - DATA EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED MUTAGENICITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 289 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102222 ER PT J AU LEWIS, MA AF LEWIS, MA TI SURFACTANT TOXICITY REVIEW - 30 YEARS OF RESEARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 300 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102233 ER PT J AU LUKASEWYCZ, MT PETERSON, GS ANKLEY, GT DURHAN, EJ AF LUKASEWYCZ, MT PETERSON, GS ANKLEY, GT DURHAN, EJ TI SURFACTANT CHARACTERIZATION USING TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION (TIE) PROCEDURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ASCI,DULUTH,MN 55804. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 301 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102234 ER PT J AU KOENIG, JQ SCHWARTZ, J SLATER, D LARSON, TV PIERSON, WE AF KOENIG, JQ SCHWARTZ, J SLATER, D LARSON, TV PIERSON, WE TI PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AND HOSPITAL EMERGENCY VISITS FOR ASTHMA IN SEATTLE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 313 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102246 ER PT J AU DONEGAN, K FIELAND, V FOWLES, N GANIO, L SEIDLER, R AF DONEGAN, K FIELAND, V FOWLES, N GANIO, L SEIDLER, R TI EFFICACY OF BURNING, TILLAGE, AND BIOCIDES IN CONTROLLING BACTERIA RELEASED AT FIELD SITES AND EFFECTS ON INDIGENOUS BACTERIA AND FUNGI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV TOMATO; SOUTHERN STEM CANKER; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; CROPPING SYSTEM; SOIL; STERILIZATION; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; DISEASE; PLANTS AB Decontamination treatments of burning and biocide application, alone and in combination with tillage, were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of bacteria applied to the leaves of plants in field plots. In addition, the effects of these control methods on indigenous leaf and soil bacteria and fungi were assessed. Field plots of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), sprayed with the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, or Erwinia herbicola, received the following treatments: (i) control, (ii) tillage, (iii) burning, (iv) burning plus tillage (burn-tillage), (v) Kocide (cupric hydroxide), (vi) Kocide plus tillage, (vii) Agri-Strep (streptomycin sulfate), and (viii) Agri-Strep plus tillage. Leaves and soil from the plots were sampled at 1 day before and at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 30 days after application of the decontamination treatments. The burn and burn-tillage treatments produced the most significant reductions in bacterial populations. The Agri-Strep treatment was more effective than the Kocide treatment in eliminating applied bacteria, but neither biocide produced consistent or persistent control. In contrast, the tillage treatment, alone or in combination with the Agri-Strep or Kocide treatments, had a short-term stimulatory effect and increased populations of applied bacteria and also levels of indigenous fungi and bacteria. Agri-Strep and Kocide treatments caused significant reductions in indigenous bacterial populations up to 14 days after application and in indigenous fungal populations on day 7 after application. Our results suggest that conventional plant disease control methods may not provide satisfactory control of genetically engineered microorganisms and indicate a need for further development of effective and selective methods to control released microorganisms at field sites. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP DONEGAN, K (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1214 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HM121 UT WOS:A1992HM12100020 PM 1599240 ER PT J AU GIBSON, SA SEWELL, GW AF GIBSON, SA SEWELL, GW TI STIMULATION OF REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF TETRACHLOROETHENE IN ANAEROBIC AQUIFER MICROCOSMS BY ADDITION OF SHORT-CHAIN ORGANIC-ACIDS OR ALCOHOLS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; BIODEGRADATION; BACTERIA; ACETATE AB The effect of the addition of common fermentation products on the dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene was studied in methanogenic slurries made with aquifer solids. Lactate, propionate, crotonate, butyrate, and ethanol stimulated dehalogenation activity, while acetate, methanol, and isopropanol did not. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP GIBSON, SA (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 12 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1392 EP 1393 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HM121 UT WOS:A1992HM12100052 PM 16348703 ER PT J AU NESTOR, DV AF NESTOR, DV TI PARTIAL STATIC EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL OF NEWSPRINT RECYCLING SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Estimation of the demand for old newspapers as an input to US newsprint production reveals that demand is highly price-inelastic in both the short and long run. This implies that separation and collection programmes, which lower prices in secondary markets, will not effectively stimulate recycled newsprint production. The results also indicate that policies to raise the price of woodpulp will have little impact. A slightly more effective recycling policy may be tax preferences aimed at encouraging investment in newsprint capacity. The major finding is that growth in output creates an opportunity for greater old newspaper use. Thus, the most effective recycling policy will be one that promotes US newsprint production. RP NESTOR, DV (reprint author), US EPA,ECON ANAL & RES BRANCH,401 M ST SW,PM 223X,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1080/00036849200000015 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HM847 UT WOS:A1992HM84700004 ER PT J AU MASSARO, EJ AF MASSARO, EJ TI THE MECHANISM OF CYTOTOXICITY OF METHYLMERCURY - INHIBITION OF PROGRESSION THROUGH THE S-PHASE OF THE CELL-CYCLE SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MAIN-GROUP ORGANOMETALS ( ICEBAMO ) CY SEP 15-19, 1991 CL PADUA, ITALY SP UNIV PADUA, ITALIAN CHEM SOC DE METHYLMERCURY; CYTOTOXICITY; DNA SYNTHESIS; MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIC CELL ID METHYL MERCURY; PROTEIN; ACID; CYTOSKELETON; MICROTUBULES; TRANSPORT AB The effect of methylmercury (MeHg) on progression of the murine erythroleukemic cell (MELC) through the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Exposure in vitro to 5.0-10.0-mu-mol dm-3 MeHg for 6 h resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the rate of cell replication, apparently as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis (rate of passage through the S phase of the cell cycle). Thus, only a modest accumulation of cells with a G2/M (4n) DNA content was observed. At or above 10-mu-mol dm-3 MeHg, progression through all phases of the cell cycle was blocked. FCM revealed a dose-dependent increase in cellular refractive index (90-degrees light scatter), decrease in apparent cell volume (axial light loss), and increase in resistance to non-ionic detergent (NP-40)-mediated cytolysis indicative of fixation (protein denaturation, cross-linking, etc.) of the plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex. The data indicate DNA synthesis as the primary target of MeHg cytotoxicity. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MASSARO, EJ (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,CTR BIOCHEM ENGN,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1002/aoc.590060212 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA HQ168 UT WOS:A1992HQ16800011 ER PT J AU SACK, TM STEELE, DH HAMMERSTROM, K REMMERS, J AF SACK, TM STEELE, DH HAMMERSTROM, K REMMERS, J TI A SURVEY OF HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; VOLATILE POLLUTANTS; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS ID CONSUMER PRODUCTS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; EMISSIONS AB A total of 1159 common household products were analysed for 31 volatile organic compounds as potential sources of indoor air pollution. The products were distributed among 65 product categories within 8 category classes: automotive products (14.4% of the products); household cleaners/polishes (9.6%); paint-related products (39.9%); fabric and leather treatments (7.9%); cleaners for electronic equipment (6.0%); oils, greases and lubricants (9.6%); adhesive-related products (6.6%); and miscellaneous products (6.1%). The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, or the original study, the products were reanalysed for methylene chloride and five other chlorocarbons using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and a data base containing the analytical results was developed. Because full mass spectra were taken. the original set of GC/MS data also contained information regarding other volatile chemicals in the products. However, this additional data was not reported at that time. In the second part of the study, the GC/MS data were reanalysed to determine the presence and concentrations of an additional 25 volatile chemicals. The 31 chemicals included in both parts of this study were: carbon tetrachloride; methylene chloride; tetrachloroethylene; 1,1,1-trichloroethane; trichlorethylene; 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane; acetone; benzene; 2-butanone; chlorobenzene; chloroform; cyclohexane; 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,4-dioxane; ethylbenzene; n-hexane; d-limonene; methylcyclohexane; methylcyclopentane; methyl isobutyl ketone; n-nonane; n-octane; alpha-pinene; propylene oxide; styrene; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; tetrahydrofuran; toluene; m-xylene; o-xylene; and p-xylene. Of the 31 chemicals, toluene, the xylenes and methylene chloride were found to occur most frequently in over 40% of the products tested. Chemicals that were typically found in relatively high concentrations in the samples (i.e. greater than 20% w/w) included acetone, 2-butanone, hexane, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane and the xylenes. Chlorobenzene, d-limonene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, n-nonane and styrene were not found in any of the products at or above the 0.1% level. In all, 935 of the products contained one or more of the target solvents at levels greater than 0.1%. The resulting data base contains information regarding the 1159 products, such as origin, cost, container type, lot number, etc., as well as quantitative information for each of the 31 chemicals. The frequency of occurrence and average concentrations for the target chemicals are summarized for each of the product classes. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. US EPA,FIELD STUDIES BRANCH,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SACK, TM (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,425 VOLKER BLVD,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. NR 5 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD APR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90038-M PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HJ437 UT WOS:A1992HJ43700012 ER PT J AU MAMANE, Y DZUBAY, TG WARD, R AF MAMANE, Y DZUBAY, TG WARD, R TI SULFUR ENRICHMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC MINERALS AND SPORES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE MINERALS; SPORES; SULFUR; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FINE PARTICLES; COARSE PARTICLES; DICHOTOMOUS SAMPLERS; ANNULAR DENUDER ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POLLUTANTS AB Atmospheric particles were analysed by electron microscopy to obtain direct evidence for S-enrichment in minerals and spores in the 0.5 to 10-mu-m diameter range. The particles were collected at Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A. for 2 weeks during summer 1988, using dichotomous samplers that were modified for use with electron microscopy. One of the samplers was equipped with an annular denuder that removed acidic gases upstream of the filters to avoid artifact reactions on the filter between gases and particles. A comparison of X-ray spectra for atmospheric particles and locally collected soil and mushroom spores revealed significant S-enrichment of atmospheric silicates and spores. It was concluded that the S-enrichments were caused by atmospheric reactions and not by sampling artifact. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MAMANE, Y (reprint author), TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,ENVIRONM ENGN,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD APR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1113 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90043-K PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HJ437 UT WOS:A1992HJ43700017 ER PT J AU BUCHHOLZ, PS FAIRBROTHER, A AF BUCHHOLZ, PS FAIRBROTHER, A TI PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONELLA-PULLORUM IN NORTHERN BOBWHITE QUAIL AND MALLARD DUCKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WILD TURKEYS AB Ten-day-old northern bobwhite quail and mallard ducks were inoculated orally and intravenously with Salmonella pullorum at selected concentrations (10(3) to 10(10) colony-forming units). Mortality in bobwhites ranged from 65% to 100%, whereas no mallards died or exhibited any signs of morbidity. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased values for serum calcium, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in mallards inoculated with live S. pullorum, and antibody titers were detected as early as 1 week postinoculation. Viable bacteria were cultured from feces, liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen of bobwhites and from livers of four mallards. Bacterial colonies were frequently found in the capillaries of various organs of the quail, particularly in the heart and kidneys, with slight-to-moderate diffuse or multifocal necrotizing inflammation present in all organs examined. Bobwhites are susceptible to infection from S. pullorum, with morbidity and mortality rates similar to those of chicks and poults, whereas mallards undergo a short, subclinical infection that is resolved without lasting tissue damage. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BUCHHOLZ, PS (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.2307/1591505 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200018 PM 1627103 ER PT J AU GOH, KS RICHMAN, SJ TROIANO, J GARRETSON, CL HERNANDEZ, J HSU, J WHITE, J BARRY, TA RAY, M TRAN, D MILLER, NK AF GOH, KS RICHMAN, SJ TROIANO, J GARRETSON, CL HERNANDEZ, J HSU, J WHITE, J BARRY, TA RAY, M TRAN, D MILLER, NK TI ELISA OF SIMAZINE IN SOIL - APPLICATIONS FOR A FIELD LEACHING STUDY SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ATRAZINE C1 CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,CHEM LAB SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. AGR & PRIOR POLLUTANT LABS INC,FRESNO,CA 93722. RP GOH, KS (reprint author), US EPA,CALIF DEPT PESTICIDE REGULAT,ENVIRONM HAZARDS ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,1220 N ST,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 4 BP 554 EP 560 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HG724 UT WOS:A1992HG72400013 PM 1504501 ER PT J AU OSHEA, ML FIELD, R AF OSHEA, ML FIELD, R TI DETECTION AND DISINFECTION OF PATHOGENS IN STORM-GENERATED FLOWS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE STORM WATER; DISINFECTION; MICROORGANISMS; WATER-QUALITY INDICATORS ID BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS BACTERIOPHAGES; OF-THE-ART; FECAL POLLUTION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WATER; INDICATORS; QUALITY; ENVIRONMENT; WASTEWATER; TOXICITY AB The disease-producing potential of recreational waters is currently estimated through the use of certain bacterial indicators that are believed to be positively correlated with the presence of fecal contamination. In general, these indicators and their recommended limiting values have been adopted for use from existing standard methods for the analysis of sanitary waste water. However, no indicator currently in use today exists solely in the feces of man and not also elsewhere, e.g., in soils, vegetation, and the feces of animals. Storm-water runoff is often rich in bacteria originating from these nonhuman sources and can contain high densities of indicator bacteria; however, existing epidemiological studies of recreational waters receiving storm-water runoff have reported little correlation between current indicator densities and the incidences of swimming illnesses. In addition, microbial analyses of storm-water runoff have revealed a predominance of nonenteric disease-causing bacteria and viruses that have been linked to respiratory illnesses and skin infections. Fecal-based indicators in use today provide no information on the risks resulting from body contact with these nonenteric pathogens. Consequently, for receiving waters containing discharges that originate primarily from separate storm drainage systems, current bacterial indicators are ill suited to accurately assess the water's total illness-producing capabilities. This paper briefly reviews the development of current bacterial standards and evaluates their adoption in the field of storm-water testing. The unique disinfection requirements of storm-generated runoff are discussed, and advanced disinfection practices are reviewed. The need for additional epidemiological studies that address the disease-causing potential of nonhuman and nonenteric pathogens commonly found in storm-water runoff from urban, agricultural, and rural watershed areas is emphasized in order to determine the actual health risks associated with storm water runoff contact. RP OSHEA, ML (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,STORM & COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW POLLUT CONTROL PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 87 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA HV212 UT WOS:A1992HV21200001 PM 1611552 ER PT J AU OBERHELMAN, L KOREN, H COOPER, KD AF OBERHELMAN, L KOREN, H COOPER, KD TI DEPRESSED CAPACITY TO CONTACT SENSITIZE WOMEN AT THE ONSET OF MENSES - ELEVATED CONTACT SENSITIZATION CAPACITY DURING MID CYCLE CAN BE INHIBITED BY UV SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,IMMUNODERMATOL UNIT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A542 EP A542 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102337 ER PT J AU VILLEPONTEAUX, E AF VILLEPONTEAUX, E TI CONTROLLED VOCABULARY IS FINE - WHEN IT WORKS SO DATABASE LA English DT Letter RP VILLEPONTEAUX, E (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 462 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-2126 SN 0162-4105 J9 DATABASE JI Database PD APR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA HH910 UT WOS:A1992HH91000012 ER PT J AU MILESMCLEAN, R SHELBY, M LULA, C SAGAN, M TRAIN, KE AF MILESMCLEAN, R SHELBY, M LULA, C SAGAN, M TRAIN, KE TI COMPARISON OF FORECASTS FROM AGGREGATE AND DISAGGREGATE MODELS FOR PERSONAL VEHICLE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Disaggregate models are generally more policy sensitive than aggregate models. However, disaggregate models may not track aggregate totals, such as total U.S. fuel consumption, as well as aggregate models. We obtain forecasts of aggregate fuel consumption from the DRI aggregate model and from Train's disaggregate model, using the same set of inputs for the two models. We find that the two models produce fairly similar forecasts. This result suggests that taking advantage of the greater policy sensitivity of the disaggregate model does not, in this case, entail a loss of accuracy in forecasting compared to the aggregate model. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ECON,BERKELEY & CAMBRIDGE SYSTEMAT INC,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RCG HAGLER BAILLY INC,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94111. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(92)90107-B PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA HD404 UT WOS:A1992HD40400002 ER PT J AU HIGHSMITH, VR HARDY, RJ COSTA, DL GERMANI, MS AF HIGHSMITH, VR HARDY, RJ COSTA, DL GERMANI, MS TI PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INDOOR AEROSOLS RESULTING FROM THE USE OF TAP WATER IN PORTABLE HOME HUMIDIFIERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; JET AB Indoor PM10 concentrations exceeding 150-mu-g/m3 were observed when ultrasonic and impeller humidifiers, charged with tap water, were operated under whole-house conditions. Microscopic analysis confirmed that the resulting particles were predominantly submicron spheres with mineral composition reflecting that of the charging water. Elements measured in high concentrations were uniformly present as soluble salts in both the fine and coarse particles, with small differences observed between the ultrasonic and impeller humidifier-generated aerosols. Nearly 50% of the 39 commercial bottled water samples collected across the United States had dissolved mineral concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L, with 4 samples exceeding 100 mg/L. The results of this limited-scale study suggest that personal exposures to ultrasonic and impeller humidifier-generated aerosols can be minimized through the use of waters containing low concentrations of impurities. C1 MORRISON KNUDSEN CORP,ENVIRONM SERV GRP,BOISE,ID 83707. MCCRONE ASSOCIATES,WESTMONT,IL 60559. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HIGHSMITH, VR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1021/es00028a003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HL936 UT WOS:A1992HL93600009 ER PT J AU HARDY, RJ HIGHSMITH, VR COSTA, DL KREWER, JA AF HARDY, RJ HIGHSMITH, VR COSTA, DL KREWER, JA TI INDOOR ASBESTOS CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ASBESTOS-CONTAMINATED TAP WATER IN PORTABLE HOME HUMIDIFIERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; CANCER; INHALATION; SUPPLIES; MINERALS; EXPOSURE; RISK; RATS AB One ultrasonic and one impeller humidifier were charged with asbestos-contaminated waters (0.057-280.0 BAS/L) and individually operated in a room-sized chamber to evaluate the potential for portable home humidifiers to aerosolize suspended materials contained in the charging waters. The resulting aerosol concentrations were highly correlated with both the charging water total solids concentrations and the humidifier emission rates. TEM analysis showed the ultrasonic humidifier aerosol as primarily < 6-mu-m-long, thin, individual fibers, which also served as an axis for a smaller dissolved minerals residual particle. The impeller humidifier aerosol consisted of slightly longer fibers (< 8-mu-m), including one 13.9-mu-m fiber, and a higher concentration of clumps. The limited study results suggest that indoor asbestos concentrations exceeding the ambient background asbestos concentration may occur if an ultrasonic humidifier, charged with asbestos-contaminated water, is operated under single-room conditions. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MORRISON KNUDSEN CORP,ENVIRONM SERV GRP,BOISE,ID 83707. MCCRONE ENVIRONM SERV INC,NORCROSS,GA 30093. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 680 EP 689 DI 10.1021/es00028a004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HL936 UT WOS:A1992HL93600010 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, FP FOUT, GS AF WILLIAMS, FP FOUT, GS TI CONTAMINATION OF SHELLFISH BY STOOL-SHED VIRUSES - METHODS OF DETECTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; OYSTER-ASSOCIATED GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NON-B HEPATITIS; SPORADIC NON-A; NORWALK VIRUS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY AB Molluscan shellfish, being filter feeders, are readily contaminated with the stool-shed viruses present in human sewage. Consumption of such virus-contaminated shellfish has caused outbreaks of hepatitis A and viral gastroenteritis in the United States and in other countries. As coastal communities continue to develop and expand, shellfish habitats are increasingly at risk for such exposure. Effective methods are needed to examine shellfish for virus contamination. This review describes methods that are currently available and reports on recent method developments. In the past, methods depended upon slow cell culture procedures for the assay of virus. Now, more rapid assay procedures are becoming available as advanced techniques of biotechnology are beginning to be applied. However, despite 30 years of method development, there remains little agreement on a "standard method" to be used for routine analysis of shellfish for virus. RP WILLIAMS, FP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV MICROBIOL RES,VIROL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 74 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 689 EP 696 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HL936 UT WOS:A1992HL93600011 ER PT J AU HERR, DW BOYES, WK DYER, RS AF HERR, DW BOYES, WK DYER, RS TI ALTERATIONS IN RAT FLASH AND PATTERN REVERSAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS AFTER ACUTE OR REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF CARBON-DISULFIDE (CS2) SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURO-BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; LONG-EVANS RATS; FISCHER-344 RATS; VISUAL-SYSTEM; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; DEPENDENT CHANGES; ACUTE EXPOSURE; HOODED RATS; TOLUENE; EEG RP HERR, DW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NTD,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 328 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90131-Z PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HN393 UT WOS:A1992HN39300002 PM 1597259 ER PT J AU MOSER, VC ANTHONY, DC SETTE, WF MACPHAIL, RC AF MOSER, VC ANTHONY, DC SETTE, WF MACPHAIL, RC TI COMPARISON OF SUBCHRONIC NEUROTOXICITY OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE AND ACRYLAMIDE IN RATS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED GASTRIC TOXICITY; FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; NEUROPATHY C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MOSER, VC (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Anthony, Douglas/0000-0002-3815-2240 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90132-2 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HN393 UT WOS:A1992HN39300003 PM 1597260 ER PT J AU SJOBLAD, RD AF SJOBLAD, RD TI POTENTIAL FUTURE REQUIREMENTS FOR IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY TESTING OF PESTICIDES SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; PESTICIDES; REGISTRATION RP SJOBLAD, RD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HAZARD EVALUAT,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL ENV JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 2 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HX813 UT WOS:A1992HX81300006 ER PT J AU LARSEN, T CHRISTENSEN, TH PFEFFER, FM ENFIELD, CG AF LARSEN, T CHRISTENSEN, TH PFEFFER, FM ENFIELD, CG TI LANDFILL LEACHATE EFFECTS ON SORPTION OF ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS ONTO AQUIFER MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES; TRACE ORGANICS; WATER; MATTER; TRANSPORT AB The effect of dissolved organic carbon as present in landfill leachate, on the sorption of organic micropollutants in aquifer materials was studied by laboratory batch and column experiments involving 15 non-polar organic chemicals, 5 landfill leachates and 4 aquifer materials of low organic carbon content. The experiments showed that hydrophobic organic micropollutants do partition into dissolved organic carbon found in landfill leachate potentially increasing their mobility. However, landfill leachate interacted with aquifer materials apparently increases the sorbent affinity for the hydrophobic micropollutants. The combination of these two mechanisms affected the observed distribution coefficients within a factor of two, in some cases increasing and in other cases decreasing the sorption of the chemicals. No means for prediction of the effect is currently available, but from a practical point of view, the effect of landfill leachate on retardation of organic micropollutants in aquifer material seems limited. C1 TECH UNIV DENMARK,GROUNDWATER RES CTR,DEPT ENVIRONMENT ENGN,BLDG 115,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 307 EP 324 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(92)90001-U PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA HP842 UT WOS:A1992HP84200001 ER PT J AU OBERHELMAN, L KOREN, H COOPER, KD AF OBERHELMAN, L KOREN, H COOPER, KD TI DEPRESSED CAPACITY TO CONTACT SENSITIZE WOMEN AT THE ONSET OF MENSES - ELEVATED CONTACT SENSITIZATION CAPACITY DURING MID CYCLE CAN BE INHIBITED BY UV SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,IMMUNODERMATOL UNIT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HL846 UT WOS:A1992HL84600892 ER PT J AU PATE, B JAYANTY, RKM PETERSON, MR EVANS, GF AF PATE, B JAYANTY, RKM PETERSON, MR EVANS, GF TI TEMPORAL STABILITY OF POLAR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN STAINLESS-STEEL CANISTERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID AIR C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP PATE, B (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 3 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 460 EP 462 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HR022 UT WOS:A1992HR02200009 ER PT J AU STONE, DK LYNCH, SK PANDULLO, RF EVANS, LB VATAVUK, WM AF STONE, DK LYNCH, SK PANDULLO, RF EVANS, LB VATAVUK, WM TI FLARES .2. CAPITAL AND ANNUAL COSTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In an earlier article, major commercially available flaring technologies designed to control waste gas streams containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were described in a qualitative comparison. In addition, a procedure for steam-assisted, elevated flares was outlined by which important sizing parameters could be calculated, given certain information about the vent stream. This article describes the use of these parameters in developing a budget (+/- 30 percent) cost estimate for the total capital investment and the total annual costs of controlling a waste stream of VOCs. An illustrative example problem is presented. C1 US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP STONE, DK (reprint author), RADIAN CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 488 EP 493 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HR022 UT WOS:A1992HR02200010 ER PT J AU HO, MD PERDEK, JM STUMBAR, JP SAWYER, RH AF HO, MD PERDEK, JM STUMBAR, JP SAWYER, RH TI FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF THE LINDE OXYGEN COMBUSTION SYSTEM ON THE EPA MOBILE INCINERATOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT PUFFS; SIMULATOR; WASTES AB This paper summarizes the various system performance tests and the long-term operating experience of the LINDE(R) Oxygen Combustion System installed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Mobile Incineration System (MIS) when it was in operation at the Denney Farm site in southwestern Missouri. The LINDE OCS was installed on the MIS as part of a major modification program in 1987. The modified system was first demonstrated for three months in 1987 when various system performance tests were conducted. Test burns of the modified MIS showed destruction and removal efficiencies (DRE) surpassing both Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) standards. The system resumed operation in February 1988 to continue the incineration of dioxin-contaminated materials from sites in southwestern Missouri. After implementation of the modifications, over ten million pounds of dioxin-contaminated material including soil, lagoon sludge, plastics, trash, protective clothing, wood, etc., were processed. MIS operations at Denney Farm ceased in April 1989. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ. FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRESPONSE INC,EDISON,NJ. RP HO, MD (reprint author), UNION ARBIDE IND GASES INC,LINDE DIV,TARRYTOWN,NY, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 493 EP 499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HR022 UT WOS:A1992HR02200011 ER PT J AU NEILSON, RP KING, GA KOERPER, G AF NEILSON, RP KING, GA KOERPER, G TI TOWARD A RULE-BASED BIOME MODEL SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIOME; CLIMATE; MODEL; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; WATER BALANCE AB Current projections of the response of the biosphere to global climatic change indicate as much as 50% to 90% spatial displacement of extratropical biomes. The mechanism of spatial shift could be dominated by either 1) competitive displacement of northern biomes by southern biomes, or 2) drought-induced dieback of areas susceptible to change. The current suite of global biosphere models cannot distinguish between these two processes, thus determining the need for a mechanistically based biome model. The first steps have been taken towards the development of a rule-based, mechanistic model of regional biomes at a continental scale. The computer model is based on a suite of empirically generated conceptual models of biome distribution. With a few exceptions the conceptual models are based on the regional water balance and the potential supply of water to vegetation from two different soil layers, surface for grasses and deep for woody vegetation. The seasonality of precipitation largely determines the amount and timing of recharge of each of these soil layers and thus, the potential mixture of vegetative life-forms that could be supported under a specific climate. The current configuration of rules accounts for the potential natural vegetation at about 94% of 1211 climate stations over the conterminous U.S. Increased temperatures, due to global warming, would 1) reduce the supply of soil moisture over much of the U.S. by reducing the volume of snow and increasing winter runoff, and 2) increase the potential evapotranspiration (PET). These processes combined would likely produce widespread drought-induced dieback in the nation's biomes. The model is in an early stage of development and will require several enhancements, including explicit simulation of PET, extension to boreal and tropical biomes, a shift from steady-state to transient dynamics, and validation on other continents. RP NEILSON, RP (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 0 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 9 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 7 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1007/BF02573955 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA HX809 UT WOS:A1992HX80900003 ER PT J AU ENGLUND, E WEBER, D LEVIANT, N AF ENGLUND, E WEBER, D LEVIANT, N TI THE EFFECTS OF SAMPLING DESIGN PARAMETERS ON BLOCK SELECTION SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAMPLING; GEOSTATISTICS AB Cost-effective spatial sampling strategy requires balancing sampling costs with the expected benefits from improved information. A contaminated site numerical model was used to test various single-phase sampling schemes, which were evaluated based on the quality of block selections from interpolated values. Different sample set sizes, different sampling patterns, and two levels of sampling precision were used. The sample set size was the only one of these factors observed to be significant. Bias was also examined. Modest levels (< 20%) had minimal impact; the effects of higher levels of bias varied with the selection level concentration. C1 UNIV NEVADA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. COMP SCI CORP,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP ENGLUND, E (reprint author), US EPA,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 329 EP 343 DI 10.1007/BF00893753 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA HM144 UT WOS:A1992HM14400006 ER PT J AU COLLINS, BW HOWARD, DR ALLEN, JW AF COLLINS, BW HOWARD, DR ALLEN, JW TI KINETOCHORE-STAINING OF SPERMATID MICRONUCLEI - STUDIES OF MICE TREATED WITH X-RADIATION OR ACRYLAMIDE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MICRONUCLEUS; KINETOCHORE; SPERMATID; ACRYLAMIDE ID ANEUPLOIDY-INDUCING AGENTS; MALE GERM-CELLS; MEIOTIC MICRONUCLEI; CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE; FISSION NEUTRONS; NON-DISJUNCTION; INDUCTION; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; SPERMATOCYTES AB The rodent spermatid micronucleus (MN) assay was used in conjunction with immunofluorescent techniques to distinguish kinetochores in MN following exposure of mice to X-radiation or acrylamide. After either treatment, modest increases in kinetochore-positive MN were observed. Spermatids which had been exposed during meiotic prophase to X-rays (400 cGy) had approximately 10-fold increases in MN compared to controls; up to 15% of the MN observed were kinetochore-positive. Following acrylamide treatment of meiotic prophase cells, there was a doubling of spermatid MN over baseline levels, approximately one-third of which were kinetochore-positive. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP COLLINS, BW (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 281 IS 4 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(92)90023-B PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN036 UT WOS:A1992HN03600011 PM 1373224 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA BOENIGER, M WALKER, JT SCHOBER, SE PEREIRA, MA GULATI, DK WOJCIECHOWSKI, JP GARZA, A FROELICH, R STRAUSS, G HALPERIN, WE HERRICK, R GRIFFITH, J AF SCHULTE, PA BOENIGER, M WALKER, JT SCHOBER, SE PEREIRA, MA GULATI, DK WOJCIECHOWSKI, JP GARZA, A FROELICH, R STRAUSS, G HALPERIN, WE HERRICK, R GRIFFITH, J TI BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN HOSPITAL WORKERS EXPOSED TO LOW-LEVELS OF ETHYLENE-OXIDE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE OXIDE; BIOLOGIC MARKERS ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES; INHALATION; MICRONUCLEI; MORTALITY; INDUCTION; CELLS AB Operators of hospital sterilizers that use ethylene oxide were studied to determine if there was a relationship between exposure and a battery of biological markers. A total of 73 workers from nine hospitals in the United States (U.S.) and one hospital in Mexico City was evaluated for ethylene oxide exposure during four months prior to collection of peripheral blood. The frequency of hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.0006) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) (p = 0.002) increased with cumulative exposure to ethylene oxide in U.S. subjects when controlling by regression analysis for various confounding factors, including cigarette smoking. Hemoglobin adducts, but not SCEs, were also increased in Mexican subjects (p = 0.0012). Chromosomal micronuclei showed no consistent relationship with exposure. The U.S. study participants were classified by four-month cumulative exposure levels of 0 ppm-h (n = 8), greater than 0 to 32 ppm-h (n = 32) and greater than 32 ppm-h (n = 11) of ethylene oxide exposure. The group with an exposure of greater than 32 ppm-h had an increased frequency of hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.002) and SCEs (p = 0.0001) compared to the nonexposed group. The estimated mean of the 8-h time-weighted average (8-h TWA) exposure levels for the highest U.S. exposure group (> 32 ppm-h) was 0.16 +/- 0.007 ppm (mean +/- SD). A similar exposure-related differential was observed in the Mexican subjects for hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.04) but not for SCEs. The latter finding may have been due to longer shipping times for the specimens in the cytogenetic assays. The estimated mean of the 8-h TWA exposure levels for the highest Mexican exposure group (> 32 ppm-h) was 0.48 +/- 0.08 ppm, This study is the third to suggest that exposures less than the U.S. OSHA standard of 1 ppm 8-h TWA result in biochemical and biologic changes. It is not known whether these changes may be indicative of increased risk of disease; however, they do appear to reflect exposure to relatively low levels of ethylene oxide. The exact meaning of these changes is unknown. C1 NIDA,LEXINGTON,KY 40583. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS R42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 278 IS 4 BP 237 EP 251 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN037 UT WOS:A1992HN03700003 PM 1373860 ER PT J AU TICE, RR STRAUSS, GHS PETERS, WP AF TICE, RR STRAUSS, GHS PETERS, WP TI HIGH-DOSE COMBINATION ALKYLATING-AGENTS WITH AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST-CANCER - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF DNA DAMAGE IN INDIVIDUAL PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING THE SINGLE CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS ASSAY SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BREAST CANCER; CHEMOTHERAPY; ALKYLATING AGENTS; DNA DAMAGE; SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ID SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; ADDUCTS; CHEMOTHERAPY; INDUCTION; THERAPY; QUANTITATION; REPAIR; CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM(II); CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; PERSISTENCE AB The single cell gel (SCG) assay is a sensitive electrophoretic technique for detecting the presence of DNA single strand breaks and alkali-labile damage in individual cells. This technique was used to evaluate the levels of DNA damage in cryopreserved peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 11 breast cancer patients treated with high doses of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin and provided autologous bone marrow transplantation after treatment. PBL specimens for the SCG study were obtained just prior to treatment, following the administration of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin for 2 days, and upon lymphocytic recovery. Based on a concurrent analysis of DNA damage in cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved PBL samples from three patients, the mean level of DNA migration or the dispersion of damage among cells was not affected by the process of cryopreservation. The pre-treatment samples of several patients contained PBL with increased levels of DNA damage, presumably reflecting persistent DNA damage induced by previous treatment regimens. Chemotherapy resulted in a significant but variable increase in DNA damage in PBL samples from all patients. In this limited study, the level of damage did not correlate with serum levels of cyclophosphamide or with lymphocyte toxicity. Among the post-treatment samples, increased levels of DNA damage were absent in most but not all patients. The presence of damaged cells in the post-treatment samples may be indicative of an inadequate therapy regimen or of DNA damage resulting from non-therapy related processes. Because of its simplicity and short processing time, the SCG assay can be used to evaluate levels of DNA damage during the course of therapy, allowing the dose schedule to be altered to achieve a desired effect level. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT PROGRAM,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP TICE, RR (reprint author), INTEGRATED LAB SYST,POB 13501,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 46 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 271 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(92)91083-4 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN597 UT WOS:A1992HN59700001 PM 1372680 ER PT J AU HOLME, JA BJORGE, C SODERLUND, EJ BRUNBORG, G BECHER, R LAG, M SCHWARZE, P NELSON, G ROSS, J NESNOW, S AF HOLME, JA BJORGE, C SODERLUND, EJ BRUNBORG, G BECHER, R LAG, M SCHWARZE, P NELSON, G ROSS, J NESNOW, S TI GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CYCLOPENTA-FUSED POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN ISOLATED RODENT LIVER AND LUNG-CELLS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST PUBL HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010; Schwarze, Per/I-2080-2016 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 271 IS 2 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(92)91099-D PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN597 UT WOS:A1992HN59700017 ER PT J AU ALLEN, JW POORMANALLEN, P COLLINS, BW HOWARD, DR AF ALLEN, JW POORMANALLEN, P COLLINS, BW HOWARD, DR TI SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX (SC) ANALYSIS OF MUTAGEN EFFECTS ON MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. WELLCOME RES LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 271 IS 2 BP 140 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(92)91143-F PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN597 UT WOS:A1992HN59700061 ER PT J AU KLIGERMAN, AD ALLEN, JW BRYANT, MF CAMPBELL, JA COLLINS, BW DOERR, CL EREXSON, GL KWANYUEN, P MORGAN, DL AF KLIGERMAN, AD ALLEN, JW BRYANT, MF CAMPBELL, JA COLLINS, BW DOERR, CL EREXSON, GL KWANYUEN, P MORGAN, DL TI CYTOGENETIC STUDIES OF MICE EXPOSED TO STYRENE BY INHALATION SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 271 IS 2 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(92)91223-E PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN597 UT WOS:A1992HN59700141 ER PT J AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP TI PREDICTIVE ASSAY FOR RODENT CARCINOGENICITY USING INVIVO BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS - OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPLEMENTARITY SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; COMPLEMENTARITY; PREDICTIVE TESTS; PROMOTERS; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; FEMALE RAT-LIVER; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DNA DAMAGE; INDUCTION; CHEMICALS; MUTAGENICITY; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS AB 111 chemicals of known rodent carcinogenicity (49 carcinogens, 62 noncarcinogens), including many promoters of carcinogenesis, nongenotoxic carcinogens, hepatocarcinogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons. were selected for study. The chemicals were administered by gavage in two dose levels to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of these 111 chemicals on 4 biochemical assays (hepatic DNA damage by alkaline elution (DD), hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (P450)) were determined. Composite parameters are defined as follows: CP = [ODC and P450), CT = [ALT and ODC), and TS = [DD or CP or CT]. The operational characteristics of TS for predicting rodent cancer were sensitivity 55%, specificity 87%, positive predictivity 77%, negative predictivity 71%, and concordance 73%. For these chemicals, the 73% concordance of this study was superior to the concordance obtained from published data from other laboratories on the Ames test (53%), structural alerts (SA) (46%), chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (ABS) (48%), cell mutation in mouse lymphoma 15178Y cells (MOLY) (52%), and sister-chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells (SCE) (60%). The 4 in vivo biochemical assays were complementary to each other. The composite parameter TS also shows complementarity to all 5 other predictors of rodent cancer examined in this paper. For example, the Ames test alone has a concordance of only 53%. In combination with TS, the concordance is increased to 62% (Ames or TS) or to 63% (Ames and TS). For the 67 chemicals with data available for SA, the concordance for predicting rodent carcinogenicity was 47% (for SA alone), 54% (for SA or TS), and 66% (for SA and TS). These biochemical assays will be useful: (1) to predict rodent carcinogenicity per se, (2) to 'confirm' the results of short-term mutagenicity tests by the high specificity mode of the biochemical assays (the specificity and positive predictivity are both 100%), and (3) to be a component of future complementary batteries of tests for predicting rodent carcinogenicity. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,FLORIDA TOXICOL RES CTR,TAMPA,FL 33613. RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 266 IS 2 BP 253 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90193-6 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HQ303 UT WOS:A1992HQ30300023 PM 1373835 ER PT J AU HERMAN, LJ AF HERMAN, LJ TI INEXPENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL CHAMBER FOR HOLDING FISH SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB A compact, inexpensive environmental chamber for holding fish is described. The system can maintain specific photoperiods and also can serve as a vented, disease treatment chamber. RP HERMAN, LJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1992 VL 54 IS 2 BP 132 EP 132 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0132:IECCFH>2.3.CO;2 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JD752 UT WOS:A1992JD75200017 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, BD BUCKALEW, AR AF ABBOTT, BD BUCKALEW, AR TI EMBRYONIC PALATAL RESPONSES TO TERATOGENS IN SERUM-FREE ORGAN-CULTURE SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CLEFT-PALATE; EPITHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; RETINOIC ACID; MOUSE; SHELVES; TCDD; INVITRO; MICE AB This study examines development of rat, mouse, and human embryonic palates in submerged, serum-free organ culture. The concentration-response profiles for retinoic acid (RA), triamcinolone (TRI), hydrocortisone (HC), dexamethasone (DEX), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were examined and the mechanisms of clefting in vitro were compared to observed in vivo responses. Craniofacial regions were dissected on gestational day (GD) 12 for mice and GD 14 for rat, and cultured for 3-4 days in Bigger's BGJ(b) medium in flasks flushed with 50% O2, 45% N2, 5% CO2. Growth and fusion of secondary palates were scored under a dissecting microscope. In serum-free control medium, mouse and rat palatal fusion occurred within the 4-day culture period. Supplementing with fetal bovine serum (FBS) in excess of 1% interfered with growth and fusion in control medium. RA significantly inhibited fusion of mouse and rat palates at 5 x 10(-9) and 1 x 10(-10) M, respectively, with RA-induced clefting related to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of medial epithelia. In contrast, glucocorticoid-induced clefting was due to concentration-dependent inhibition of shelf growth. TRI significantly inhibited fusion at 4 x 10(-5) M, and 1 X 10(-4) M DEX or HC, inhibited fusion of 19 and 42% of shelves, respectively. The response rate for DEX in the presence of 1% FBS was increased (42% unfused). TCDD clefting was due to altered medial epithelial differentiation and 1 x 10(-8) M TCDD affected 36% of CD-1 mouse, 23% of C57BL/6N mouse, and 47% of F344 rat palates. When the medium was supplemented with 1% FBS, selenium, transferrin, and additional glutamine, the response of C57BL/6N embryos increased to 75%. This rate is similar to that reported for Trowell's-type cultures with IMEM:Fl2 medium and 1% FBS. The increased responsiveness to DEX or TCDD in the presence of serum suggests that an unknown factor in serum may be required for full activity. Three human embryonic palatal explants (GD 52 or 53) were cultured for 3-6 days and fused during culture. The present study demonstrates that serum-free organ culture supports development of mouse, rat, and human palatal explants. The present study demonstrates the capacity of this organ culture system to model palatogenesis for several species, and to distinguish between various mechanisms of clefting as presented through selected model compounds. This model should be useful for exploring mechanisms of activity at a cellular and molecular level. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV DEV TOXICOL MD67, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1002/tera.1420450408 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA HK973 UT WOS:A1992HK97300007 PM 1585266 ER PT J AU RICHMOND, RE DEANGELO, AB DANIEL, FB AF RICHMOND, RE DEANGELO, AB DANIEL, FB TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF RAS AND MYC ONCOGENE EXPRESSION IN REGENERATING RAT-LIVER SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ONCOGENE; P21 RAS; P110 MYC; LIVER REGENERATION ID C-MYC; CELLULAR ONCOGENES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; TRANSCRIPTION; HEPATOMAS; PROTEINS; TISSUE; GENES; MOUSE AB The expression of ras and myc oncogene proteins was examined in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of male Sprague-Dawley rat liver at various times after liver regeneration was induced by either a necrogenic dose of CCl4 or a 2/3 partial hepatectomy. Antibody specific for these proteins and immunohistochemical (HIC) procedures were used to detect oncogene expression in the liver. Increased expression of both oncogene proteins was detected at times comparable to those reported by others using either Northern or Western blot methods. However, the IHC procedure provided additional information since oncogene expression was detected only in hepatocytes, mainly occupying liver lobule zones known to contain proliferating hepatocytes during regeneration. Also, ras and myc stain intensity of individual hepatocytes did not increase during regeneration. Rather, a greater number of hepatocytes were positive at several time points in the regeneration process. This suggested that the increased ras and myc expression detected in Northern and Western blot methods probably represents a greater number of hepatocytes expressing the oncogene proteins rather than increased expression by individual hepatocytes. Overall, this study provides additional information on the cells involved in the expression of the ras and myc oncogenes during regeneration and further substantiates their role in a normal physiological process. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,BIOCHEM & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP RICHMOND, RE (reprint author), NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41076, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90266-M PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HP294 UT WOS:A1992HP29400001 PM 1570626 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI LOCAL AND GLOBAL THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES TO MRI FIELDS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; SKIN TEMPERATURES; HEAD COIL; EXPOSURE; BODY; MHZ RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD MAR 31 PY 1992 VL 649 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb49616.x PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM217 UT WOS:A1992JM21700021 PM 1580499 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW AF DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ELUTION PATTERNS OF CHLORINATED DIOXINS VERSUS COLUMN POLARITY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RETENTION AB A model has been developed which successfully predicts the order of elution and relative retentions of tetra-, penta- and hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins for gas chromatography (GC) columns of different polarity. These congeners include the most toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers, and contain numerous difficult-to-separate isomers. This model allows the correlation of GC retention time to dioxin substitution pattern. The model also allows the prediction of dioxin elution order and relative retention time spacing for GC columns of different polarity. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,1050 E FLAMINGO RD,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAR 6 PY 1992 VL 594 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80339-V PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HJ357 UT WOS:A1992HJ35700033 ER PT J AU OGE, MT FARLAND, WH AF OGE, MT FARLAND, WH TI RADON RISK IN THE HOME SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID LUNG-CANCER C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP OGE, MT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 6 PY 1992 VL 255 IS 5049 BP 1194 EP 1194 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HG677 UT WOS:A1992HG67700003 PM 1546318 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, DL DOLPH, J MARKS, D AF PHILLIPS, DL DOLPH, J MARKS, D TI A COMPARISON OF GEOSTATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR SPATIAL-ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Spatially distributed measurements or estimates of precipitation over a region are required for modelling of hydrologic processes and soil moisture for agricultural and natural resource management. Simple interpolation methods fail to consider the effects of topography on precipitation and may be in considerable error in mountainous regions. The performance of three geostatistical methods for making mean annual precipitation estimates on a regular grid of points in mountainous terrain was evaluated. The methods were: (1) kriging; (2) kriging elevation-detrended data; and (3) cokriging with elevation as an auxiliary variable. The study area was the Willamette River basin, a 2.9 million hectare region spanning the area between the Coast Range and the Cascade Range in western Oregon. Compared with kriging, detrended kriging and cokriging both exhibited better precision (as indicated by estimation coefficients of variation of 16 and 17% vs. 21%; and average absolute errors of 19 and 20 cm vs. 26 cm) and accuracy (as indicated by average errors of -1.4 and -2.0 cm vs. -5.2 cm) in the estimation of mean annual precipitation. Contour diagrams for kriging and detrended kriging exhibited smooth zonation following general elevation trends, while cokriging showed a patchier pattern more closely corresponding to local topographic features. Detrended kriging and cokriging offer improved spatially distributed precipitation estimates in mountainous terrain on the scale of a few million hectares. Application of these methods for a larger region, the Columbia River drainage in the USA (57 million hectares), was unsuccessful due to the lack of a consistent precipitation-elevation relationship at this scale. Precipitation estimation incorporating the effects of topography at larger scales will require either piecewise estimation using the methods described here or development of a physically based orographic model. C1 US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP PHILLIPS, DL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 22 TC 183 Z9 190 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90114-J PG 23 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HM311 UT WOS:A1992HM31100008 ER PT J AU OGG, C AF OGG, C TI ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS IN FARM PROGRAMS SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP OGG, C (reprint author), US EPA,DIV WATER & AGR POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA JT152 UT WOS:A1992JT15200019 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J DOCKERY, DW AF SCHWARTZ, J DOCKERY, DW TI INCREASED MORTALITY IN PHILADELPHIA ASSOCIATED WITH DAILY AIR-POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; YORK-CITY; HEALTH; COMMUNITY; LONDON AB Cause-specific deaths by day for the years 1973 to 1980 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were extracted from National Center for Health Statistics mortality tapes. Death from accidents (International Classification of Disease, Revision 9 greater-than-or-equal-to 800) and deaths outside of the city were excluded. Daily counts of deaths were regressed using Poisson regression on total suspended particulate (TSP) and/or SO2 on the same day and on the preceding day, controlling for year, season, temperature, and humidity. A significant positive association was found between total mortality (mean of 48 deaths/day) and both TSP (second highest daily mean, 222-mu-g/m3) and SO2 (second highest daily mean, 299-mu-g/m3). The strongest associations were found with the mean pollution of the current and the preceding days. Total mortality was estimated to increase by 7% (95% Cl, 4 to 10%) with each 100-mu-g/m3 increase in TSP, and 5% (95% Cl, 3 to 7%) with each 100-mu-g/m3 increase in SO2. When both pollutants were considered simultaneously, the SO2 association was no longer significant. Mortality increased monotonically with TSP. The effect of 100-mu-g/m3 TSP was stronger in subjects older than 65 yr of age (10% increase) compared with those younger than 65 yr of age (3% increase). Cause-specific mortality was also associated with a 100-mu-g/m3 increase in TSP: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICD9 490-496), + 19% (95% Cl, 0 to 42%), pneumonia (ICD9 480-486 & 507), + 11% (95% Cl, -3 to +27%), and cardiovascular disease (ICD9 390-448), + 10% (95% Cl, 6 to 14%). These results are somewhat higher than previously reported associations, and they add to the body of evidence showing that particulate pollution is associated with increased daily mortality at current levels in the United States. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-00002, ES-01108] NR 35 TC 494 Z9 504 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 145 IS 3 BP 600 EP 604 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA HH281 UT WOS:A1992HH28100019 PM 1546841 ER PT J AU BUSBY, C PLANCK, S GOLDMAN, L KREUTZER, R JACKSON, R AF BUSBY, C PLANCK, S GOLDMAN, L KREUTZER, R JACKSON, R TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC NOTES AND REPORTS DERMATITIS AMONG WORKERS CLEANING THE SACRAMENTO RIVER AFTER A CHEMICAL SPILL - CALIFORNIA, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 40, 1991) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV HLTH STUDIES,OFF ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP BUSBY, C (reprint author), SHASTA CTY PUBL HLTH DEPT,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 128 IS 3 BP 315 EP 315 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HH855 UT WOS:A1992HH85500001 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J TI AIR-POLLUTION AND THE DURATION OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; OZONE EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE; POLLUTANTS; ASTHMATICS; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; EXERCISE AB The possibility that air pollution exposure can extend the duration of respiratory symptoms was examined in a diary study of student nurses. This diary study has already shown associations between air pollution and incidence rates of respiratory symptoms. After individual risk factors and temperature were controlled for, photochemical oxidants were significantly (p < .0001) associated with the duration of episodes of coughing, phlegm, and sore throat. Some heterogeneity of response to oxidants was seen; there was little effect on asthmatics, but the impact increased as family income increased. Plots of the mean duration of symptoms, by quintiles of oxidants, for which the other covariates were controlled, showed strong signs of a dose-response relationship for coughing and phlegm and moderate signs of a monotonic dose-response relationship for sore throat. The relationships continued for concentrations below the current ambient standard for ozone. Chest tightness or discomfort was significantly associated with sulfur dioxide (p = .016), but the effect seemed mainly restricted to asthmatics. However, evidence for a dose-dependent increase was weak. RP SCHWARTZ, J (reprint author), US EPA,PM221,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HR033 UT WOS:A1992HR03300004 PM 1567234 ER PT J AU PRINCIOTTA, F AF PRINCIOTTA, F TI INSIDE EPA RESEARCH SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF ENVIRONM ENGN & TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP PRINCIOTTA, F (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENGN RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0009-2460 J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK JI Chem. Eng. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 153 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA HH800 UT WOS:A1992HH80000022 ER PT J AU RABINOWITZ, JR LITTLE, SB AF RABINOWITZ, JR LITTLE, SB TI EPOXIDE RING-OPENING AND RELATED REACTIVITIES OF CYCLOPENTA POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS - QUANTUM-MECHANICAL STUDIES SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSED ISOMERS; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; CARCINOGENICITY; CELLS; AM1 AB A series of 13 cyclopenta polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been studied using quantum mechanical methods. The three-dimensional molecular structure of each carbocation that might result from the opening of a protonated epoxide ring formed between the carbon atoms completing the cyclopenta ring was computed with AM1. AM1 and ab initio calculations, using a split valence basis set, were then used to predict the direction of ring opening and obtain information about the reactivity of the carbocation. These calculations have shown that for all carbocations studied the cationic charge is well distributed throughout the molecule. The largest CH group charges are approximately 0.3 electron. If the protonated epoxide ring can open so that the nominal charge is on a CH group that is attached to the central ring of an anthracenic core, that carbocation will be greatly favored. For carbocations of this type, the unoccupied alpha' position (the CH group opposite the position of attachment to the anthracenic core) has as much or more of the cation charge as the nominally charged CH position. The group charges, and other properties related to electrostatic reactivity, clearly favor addition of nucleophiles at the unoccupied alpha' position over addition at the nominally charged position. However, when the addition of small nucleophiles at both of these positions is modeled for two such examples, the results favor addition at the nominally charged position in one case and are equivocal in the other case. The group charges and other reactivities considered characterize the electrostatic part of the interaction. Factors reflecting the electronic configuration of the possible products are also important for determining the interaction. Of the molecules that do not contain an alpha' carbon atom, only for cyclopenta[cd]pyrene 3,4-epoxide is there a large difference in energy between the two possible carbocations. The favored carbocation for this molecule had the most complete charge delocalization of any carbocation in this study. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP RABINOWITZ, JR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 2 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1021/tx00026a022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA HK929 UT WOS:A1992HK92900022 PM 1643260 ER PT J AU MCKINNON, K NOAH, T MADDEN, M KOREN, H DEVLIN, R AF MCKINNON, K NOAH, T MADDEN, M KOREN, H DEVLIN, R TI CULTURED HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS RELEASE CYTOKINES, FIBRONECTIN, AND LIPIDS IN RESPONSE TO OZONE EXPOSURE SO CHEST LA English DT Article RP MCKINNON, K (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 1992 VL 101 IS 3 SU S BP S22 EP S22 DI 10.1378/chest.101.3_Supplement.22S PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA HP993 UT WOS:A1992HP99300013 PM 1541192 ER PT J AU MONAHAN, R BEEDE, S COSTA, J ROSINOFF, B AF MONAHAN, R BEEDE, S COSTA, J ROSINOFF, B TI CONTROLLING NITROGEN IN COASTAL WATERS SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP MONAHAN, R (reprint author), US EPA,BOSTON,MA, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 3 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA HF256 UT WOS:A1992HF25600013 ER PT J AU CARLIN, A SCODARI, PF GARNER, DH AF CARLIN, A SCODARI, PF GARNER, DH TI ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENTS - THE COST OF CLEANING UP SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 ENVIRONM LAW INST,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CARLIN, A (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD MAR PY 1992 VL 34 IS 2 BP 12 EP & PG 0 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK059 UT WOS:A1992HK05900005 ER PT J AU PUIS, RW POWELL, RM AF PUIS, RW POWELL, RM TI TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC COLLOIDS THROUGH NATURAL AQUIFER MATERIAL - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOBILIZATION; FILTRATION; AMERICIUM; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; WATER AB The stability and transport of radiolabeled Fe2O3 particles were studied using laboratory batch and column techniques. Core material collected from a shallow sand and gravel aquifer was used as the immobile column matrix material. Variables in the study included flow rate, pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition, particle concentration, and particle size. Transport was highly dependent upon colloidal stability. Iron oxide colloids were not only mobile to a significant extent, but under some hydrogeochemical conditions were transported faster than tritiated water, a conservative tracer. The extent of colloid breakthrough was dependent upon a variety of parameters; however, the highest statistical correlation was observed with particle size and anionic composition of the supporting electrolyte. Arsenate was utilized for assessment of colloid-contaminant and contaminant-aquifer interactions and comparison of dissolved and colloidally associated transport in dynamic model systems. The rate of colloid-associated arsenate transport was over 21 times that of the dissolved arsenate. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP PUIS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 614 EP 621 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HG158 UT WOS:A1992HG15800034 ER PT J AU JAWORSKI, NA GROFFMAN, PM KELLER, AA PRAGER, JC AF JAWORSKI, NA GROFFMAN, PM KELLER, AA PRAGER, JC TI A WATERSHED NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS BALANCE - THE UPPER POTOMAC RIVER BASIN SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; DENITRIFICATION; PATTERNS; NITRATE AB Nitrogen and phosphorus mass balances were estimated for the portion of the Potomac River basin watershed located above Washington, D.C. The total nitrogen (N) balance included seven input source terms, six sinks, and one "change-in-storage" term, but was simplified to five input terms and three output terms. The phosphorus (P) balance had four input and three output terms. The estimated balances are based on watershed data from seven information sources. Major sources of nitrogen are animal waste and atmospheric deposition. The major sources of phosphorus are animal waste and fertilizer. The major sink for nitrogen is combined denitrification, volatilization, and change-in-storage. The major sink for phosphorus is change-in-storage. River exports of N and P were 17% and 8%, respectively, of the total N and P inputs. Over 60% of the N and P were volatilized or stored. The major input and output terms on the budget are estimated from direct measurements, but the change-in-storage term is calculated by difference. The factors regulating retention and storage processes are discussed and research needs are identified. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT NAT RESOURCES SCI,KINGSTON,RI 02881. UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,MARINE ECOSYST RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP JAWORSKI, NA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 39 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 13 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.2307/1352713 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HM757 UT WOS:A1992HM75700009 ER PT J AU LEIDY, RA AF LEIDY, RA TI MICROHABITAT SELECTION BY THE JOHNNY DARTER, ETHEOSTOMA-NIGRUM RAFINESQUE, IN A WYOMING STREAM SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE MICROHABITAT USE; PERCIDAE; NICHE BREADTH; COMPETITIVE RELEASE; ELECTIVITIES; MORPHOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATIONS; ETHEOSTOMA-NIGRUM AB Microhabitat selection by the johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) was examined in the North Laramie River, Platte County, Wyoming, where it does not occur with other darter species in the same stream reach. Electivity indices based on microhabitat observations indicate that E. nigrum avoids riffles and selects certain microhabitats characterized by intermediate water depths in pools and slow-moving runs with a substrate composed primarily of silt and sand. Niche breadth and electivity values for total depth, bottom water velocity, and substrate measurements from this study indicate that E. nigrum is a habitat generalist, except at the extreme ends of the habitat gradient. Habitat use here is generally similar to other studies where E. nigrum occurred with one or more other darter species. This study found little evidence for competitive release in the absence of other darters. RP LEIDY, RA (reprint author), US EPA,WETLANDS SECT W72,75 HAWTHORNE ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 52 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV841 UT WOS:A1992HV84100009 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RM FLORES, PI AF DAVIS, RM FLORES, PI TI IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL POLLUTANT POINT SOURCES IN AN AREA OF HIGH GROUND-WATER CONSUMPTION SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania relies heavily upon its ground water resources for drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III, is responsible for regulating the discharge of waste to the subsurface through injection wells within Pennsylvania. To facilitate identification of industrial facilities unregulated by EPA that may be contaminating ground water through industrial water and waste water discharge wells, a screening procedure was devised utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS). This procedure involved cross-referencing locations of industrial sites to maps of municipal sewer systems. The effectiveness of this GIS screening procedure was investigated in seven countries in southeastern Pennsylvania. Facilities identified by the procedure were inspected for possible violations of Underground Injection Control (UIC) program regulations. As a result of these inspections, many facilities were found to be illegally discharging waste into ground water. In addition, other EPA program violations were identified. The project demonstrated that the GIS screening procedure can be an effective tool to locate sources of pollution of ground water. RP DAVIS, RM (reprint author), US EPA,REG III,UNDERGROUND INJECT CONTROL SECT,841 CHESTNUT BLDG,3WM43,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 12 IS 2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00041.x PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA HQ361 UT WOS:A1992HQ36100007 ER PT J AU PULS, RW CLARK, DA BLEDSOE, B POWELL, RM PAUL, CJ AF PULS, RW CLARK, DA BLEDSOE, B POWELL, RM PAUL, CJ TI METALS IN GROUND-WATER - SAMPLING ARTIFACTS AND REPRODUCIBILITY SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Field studies evaluated sampling procedures for determination of aqueous inorganic geochemistry and assessment of contaminant transport by colloidal mobility. Research at three different metal-contaminated sites has shown that 0.45-mu-m filtration has not removed potentially mobile colloids, when samples have been collected using low pumping flow rates (approximately 0.2-0.3 L/min). However, when pumping velocities greatly exceed formation groundwater flow velocities, large differences between filtered and unfiltered samples are observed, and neither are representative of values obtained with the low flow-rate pumped samples. There was a strong inverse correlation between turbidity and representativeness of samples. Several different sampling devices were evaluated in wells (PVC) ranging in depths from 10 to 160 ft. Those devices which caused the least disturbance (i.e. turbidity) also produced the most reproducible samples irrespective of filtration. The following water quality indicators were monitored during well purging: dissolved O2, pH, Eh, temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity. Sampling was not initiated until all indicators had reached steady-state (usually approximately 2 to 3 casing volumes). In all cases turbidity was slowest to reach steady-state values, followed by dissolved oxygen and redox potential. Temperature, specific conductance, and pH results were generally insensitive to well purging variations. RP PULS, RW (reprint author), US EPA,RS KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0882-5696 J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 9 IS 2 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1089/hwm.1992.9.149 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE999 UT WOS:A1992JE99900003 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BALDIN, E BECKERT, WF AF LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J BALDIN, E BECKERT, WF TI ANALYSIS OF COMPOUNDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN .2. DIPHENYL ETHERS SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE HALOGENATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; NITRATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FUSED SILICA OPEN TUBULAR COLUMN; DUAL-COLUMN DUAL-DETECTOR GC AB Nineteen halogenated and/or nitrated diphenyl ethers (currently listed in EPA Method 8111) have been separated on a DB-5/DB-1701 column pair connected to an inlet splitter and separate electron capture detectors. Retention times are included for 10 additional compounds evaluated for their suitability as internal standards or surrogate compounds for incorporation into Method 8111. Method reproducibility and linearity are discussed, and results are presented for extracts of two real samples spiked with the 19 diphenyl ethers and analyzed using the dual-column dual-detector arrangement. C1 MIDPACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89109. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HN559 UT WOS:A1992HN55900004 ER PT J AU MOSER, RH CARNS, K LEE, RF REGLI, S TROJAK, GF AF MOSER, RH CARNS, K LEE, RF REGLI, S TROJAK, GF TI WILL CHLORINATION EXIST IN 2000 SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 CARNS PERKINS & ASSOC,110 WALLIN DR,MARTINEZ,CA 94553. US EPA,OFF GROUNDWATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,MUNICIPAL TECHNOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. CHLORINE INST INC,WASHINGTON,DC. RP MOSER, RH (reprint author), AMER WATER WORKS SERV CO INC,POB 1770,VOORHEES,NJ 08055, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 18 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HH846 UT WOS:A1992HH84600006 ER PT J AU MCGEORGE, LJ KRIETZMAN, SJ DUPUY, CJ MINTZ, B AF MCGEORGE, LJ KRIETZMAN, SJ DUPUY, CJ MINTZ, B TI NATIONAL SURVEY OF DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Many states have become involved in the process of developing drinking water standards or guidelines for contaminants in drinking water. In 1985 the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), in cooperation with a small number of state agencies, formed the Federal-State Toxicology and Regulatory Alliance Committee (FSTRAC). Now, a majority of state drinking water and risk assessment programs have joined the USEPA for the purposes of exchanging information on the risk assessment of drinking water contaminants and improving the coordination of federal and state drinking water risk assessment and standard-setting activities. FSTRAC conducted an extensive survey of the 48 primacy states, Puerto Rico, and the USEPA for information on each drinking water program, including existing and planned standards or guidelines for chemical contaminants as of January 1989. The bases for these standards and guidelines were also requested from each state, as well as an explanation of which factors besides risk assessment (i.e., treatment feasibility, cost) were used in the standard-setting process. C1 CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SCI,HARTFORD,CT 06106. US EPA,EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT & ENVIRONM FATE SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP MCGEORGE, LJ (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT & ENERGY,DIV SCI & RES,401 E STATE ST,TRENTON,NJ 08629, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 72 EP 76 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HH846 UT WOS:A1992HH84600012 ER PT J AU LEV, O REGLI, S AF LEV, O REGLI, S TI EVALUATION OF OZONE DISINFECTION SYSTEMS - CHARACTERISTIC TIME-T SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATION; WATER AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently promulgated drinking-water regulations, known as the surface water treatment rule (SWTR), to control viruses, Giardia cysts, Legionella, and heterotrophic bacteria. The SWTR specifies overall minimum removal/inactivation efficiencies by filtration and disinfection for Giardia lamblia and viruses and uses the CT concept to predict inactivation efficiencies. CT stands for the product of characteristic exposure time (T) and the characteristic concentration (C) in the disinfection chamber. This paper evaluates possible methods to determine the characteristic exposure time for ozone disinfection. The extent to which different measures of T (such as the hydraulic retention time, T10 and T50) actually ensure compliance with the required level of inactivation is evaluated by using segregated flow analysis and classical residence time distribution models. The analysis indicates that T10, the minimum exposure time of 90% of the water in the disinfection unit, is a good measure to estimate disinfection performance in most cases. T50 does not guarantee compliance with the SWTR in most cases. C1 US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,CRITERIA & STANDARDS,SCI & TECH BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LEV, O (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DIV ENVIR SCI,ENVIR CHEM LAB,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RI Lev, Ovadia/A-8579-2010 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 118 IS 2 BP 268 EP 285 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:2(268) PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK624 UT WOS:A1992HK62400008 ER PT J AU DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M WIGINGTON, PJ ESHLEMAN, KN AF DAVIES, TD TRANTER, M WIGINGTON, PJ ESHLEMAN, KN TI ACIDIC EPISODES IN SURFACE WATERS IN EUROPE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; UPLAND CATCHMENT; INORGANIC ALUMINUM; AQUEOUS ALUMINUM; SOUTHERN-NORWAY; SOIL-WATER; MID-WALES; ACIDIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; LAKES AB Pronounced and short-term changes in freshwater chemistry ('acidic episodes') can have a significant biological impact. More attention has been paid to chronic acidification, and there has been no previous attempt to produce a regional summary of occurrence of episodes in Europe, to describe their chemical characteristics, or to synthesise what is known of their controlling processes. These are the objectives of this review. The basic characteristics of episodes are explained, along with the problems of establishing an adequate description. Because of the relative paucity of other information on water composition, the review is based largely on measurements of short-term pH depressions, although other data are considered where available. Most of the studies reported here were conducted in Norway, Sweden, Scotland and Wales. The differing physical characteristics of the various study catchments are assessed; these influence the hydrochemical responses to hydrological events (snowmelt or rainfall). Antecedent conditions are also important. Nevertheless, it is possible to arrive at some generalising conclusions about episodes. Snowmelt appears to instigate the most pronounced episodes, particularly in lakes. However, rainfall-induced episodes are generally much more frequent. Direct links between the chemistry of the snowmelt or rainfall which induced the episode and surface water chemistry are relatively rare, except in the case of a large input of sea-salt. Sulphate is the strong acid anion most strongly related to pH depression during episodes, although nitrate is important in some locations at snowmelt. Organic acids can play an important role in some peaty catchments. Dilution of base cations during episodes was also observed in most of the studies reviewed. Some depression of pH in surface waters seems ubiquitous during hydrological events, but in areas which have experienced large depositions of pollution, long-term acidification has conditioned catchments for the episodic release of acid. Changing flowpaths through hydrological events are of overwhelming importance in controlling the chemical character of episodes. C1 UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT OCEANOG,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP DAVIES, TD (reprint author), UNIV E ANGLIA,SCH ENVIRONM SCI,NORWICH NR4 7TJ,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RI Tranter, Martyn/E-3722-2010; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Tranter, Martyn/0000-0003-2071-3094; NR 112 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 132 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(92)90172-R PG 45 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HQ004 UT WOS:A1992HQ00400002 ER PT J AU HILLGER, RW GRIFFITHS, RA AF HILLGER, RW GRIFFITHS, RA TI REMEDIATION OF LEAKING USTS - A SYSTEM FOR ACCESSING CASE-HISTORIES AND RELATED DOCUMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulations require corrective action to be taken in response to a leaking underground storage tank (UST). Increasingly active state-run programs and the introduction of new cleanup technologies make UST corrective actions a multidisciplinary effort. The diversity of experience among personnel involved with this type of work has increased. The EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory has made its databases available to the public to help support this diverse audience. Its Computerized On-Line Information System (COLIS) allows for the quick and simple retrieval of data relating to UST incidents, as well as other hazardous-waste-related information. This paper describes the development and features of two important COLIS subsystems: the Case History File and the Library Search System. Sample search sessions are used to illustrate features of particular interest to personnel involved with UST sites. RP HILLGER, RW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,BLDG 10,MS 104,2890 WOODBRIDGE AVE,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 298 EP 302 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HK431 UT WOS:A1992HK43100015 ER PT J AU STONE, DK LYNCH, SK PANDULLO, RF EVANS, LB VATAVUK, WM AF STONE, DK LYNCH, SK PANDULLO, RF EVANS, LB VATAVUK, WM TI FLARES .1. FLARING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROLLING VOC-CONTAINING WASTE STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is attracting increasing concern from both public and government agencies. Among the many available control technologies for VOC-containing waste streams, flaring offers an ultimate disposal strategy rather than a means for collecting or concentrating the offending compounds. This article describes the major, commercially available flare systems that are designed to control VOC-containing waste streams. Their applicability and performance are discussed. A process description and design procedures are presented for steam-assisted elevated flares. The capital and operating costs estimates associated with a particular design are presented in a companion article. In this manner, a budget estimate can be obtained for the costs of controlling a waste stream containing VOCs. C1 US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,STAND DEV BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,CHEM & PETR BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP STONE, DK (reprint author), RADIAN CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 333 EP 340 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HK431 UT WOS:A1992HK43100018 ER PT J AU FRANK, U ESPOSITO, C SULLIVAN, D AF FRANK, U ESPOSITO, C SULLIVAN, D TI PERSONNEL PROTECTION THROUGH RECONNAISSANCE ROBOTICS AT SUPERFUND REMEDIAL SITES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Investigation, mitigation, and clean-up of hazardous materials at Superfund sites normally requires on-site workers to perform hazardous and sometimes potentially dangerous functions. Such functions include site surveys and the reconnaissance for airborne and buried toxic environmental contaminants. Airborne contaminants of concern usually emanate from spilled materials and require monitoring the air at the perimeter and throughout the clean-up site to ascertain the extent of contamination. Buried contaminants of major concern are often the result of leaking underground drums containing toxic wastes and require "reconnaissance excavations" to determine their location. Workers conducting on-site air monitoring risk dermal, ocular and inhalation exposure to hazardous chemicals, while those performing excavations also risk the potential exposure to fire, explosion, and other physical injury. EPA's current efforts to protect its workers and mitigate these risks include the use of robotic devices. Using robots offers the ultimate in personnel protection by removing the worker from the site of potential exposure, especially during site investigations, when there is almost always a certain encounter with unknown chemical wastes having unknown toxicity. This paper describes the demonstration of a commercially-available robotic platform modified and equipped for air monitoring and the ongoing research for the development of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system to detect buried chemical waste drums. These robotic devices can ultimately be routinely deployed in the field for the purpose of conducting inherently safe reconnaissance activities during Superfund/SARA remedial operations. RP FRANK, U (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,RELEASES CONTROL BRANCH,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HK431 UT WOS:A1992HK43100019 ER PT J AU HILL, BH GARDNER, TJ EKISOLA, OF HENEBRY, GM AF HILL, BH GARDNER, TJ EKISOLA, OF HENEBRY, GM TI MICROBIAL USE OF LEAF LITTER IN PRAIRIE STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PRAIRIE STREAMS; HYDROLOGIC INFLUENCES; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION AB Mass loss and microbial oxygen consumption on decaying leaves from five species of gallery forest trees were measured in six prairie streams (three perennial, three intermittent) ranging in size from 2nd to 4th order. Leaf decay was monitored for 56 d in late fall and early winter 1987-1988. Mass loss was greatest for bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera), followed by hackberry (Celtis laevigata), cottonwood (Populus deltoides), elm (Ulmus rubra), and Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii). Breakdown rates in the six streams fell into two groups: decay in 3rd-order intermittent, 3rd-order perennial, and 4th-order perennial streams all exhibited faster breakdown rates than the 2nd-order intermittent, 2nd-order perennial, and 4th-order intermittent streams. These differences appear to be related to stream order and hydrologic regime. Microbial respiration was strongly correlated with mass loss for the first 28 d. This period of rapid mass loss from the leaf litter was followed by a period in which mass loss and respiration were poorly correlated. Respiration was greatest on bois d'arc and hackberry, followed by cottonwood, elm, and oak. Microbial respiration accounted for 10% to 66% of the mass loss from the decaying leaves. Overall, leaf species seemed to be the most important factor controlling breakdown rates, followed by stream order and hydrologic regime. RP HILL, BH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,3411 CHURCH ST,CINCINNATI,OH 45244, USA. RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.2307/1467878 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HJ002 UT WOS:A1992HJ00200002 ER PT J AU KROER, N COFFIN, RB AF KROER, N COFFIN, RB TI MICROBIAL TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN AQUATIC MICROCOSMS DESIGNED FOR TESTING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS - A FIELD COMPARISON SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIGENOUS BACTERIA; KEPONE CHLORDECONE; LABORATORY SYSTEMS; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; DELAWARE ESTUARY; WATER; BACTERIOPLANKTON; SURVIVAL; FATE; NANOPLANKTON AB Microcosms may potentially be used as tools for evaluating the fate and effects of genetically engineered microorganisms released into the environment. Extrapolation of data to the field, however, requires that the correspondence between microcosm and field is known. Microbial trophic interactions within the microbial loop were compared quantitatively and qualitatively between field and microcosms containing estuarine water with and without intact sediment cores. The comparison showed that whereas proportions between trophic levels in microcosms were qualitatively similar to those in the field, rates of microbial processes were from 25 to 40% lower in microcosms. Nitrogen cycling was disrupted in microcosms incubated in the dark to eliminate primary production. Examination of the microbial parameters further suggests that sediment in microcosms may be an important factor regulating the bacterial trophic level. These results demonstrate that analysis of microbial trophic interactions is a sensitive method for the field comparison of aquatic microcosms and a potentially useful tool in the risk assessment of genetically engineered microorganisms. C1 TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP KROER, N (reprint author), NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,DEPT MARINE ECOL & MICROBIOL,FREDERIKSBORGVEJ 399,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. RI Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1007/BF00172636 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA HV718 UT WOS:A1992HV71800004 PM 24192860 ER PT J AU LOHMAN, PHM MENDELSOHN, ML MOORE, DH WATERS, MD BRUSICK, DJ ASHBY, J LOHMAN, WJA AF LOHMAN, PHM MENDELSOHN, ML MOORE, DH WATERS, MD BRUSICK, DJ ASHBY, J LOHMAN, WJA TI A METHOD FOR COMPARING AND COMBINING SHORT-TERM GENOTOXICITY TEST DATA - THE BASIC SYSTEM SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SHORT-TERM GENOTOXICITY TEST DATA; WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE ANALYSIS; TESTING PARAMETERS, COMPARING; BRUSICK SCORING SYSTEM C1 UNIV CALIF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. HAZELTON LABS AMER INC,VIENNA,VA 22180. ICI PLC,CENT TOXICOL LAB,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TG,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. RP LOHMAN, PHM (reprint author), LEIDEN UNIV,RADIAT GENET & CHEM MUTAGENESIS LAB,MGC,WASSENAARSEWEG 72,2333 AA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD MAR PY 1992 VL 266 IS 1 BP 7 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90218-Q PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HL059 UT WOS:A1992HL05900002 PM 1372964 ER PT J AU TILSON, HA MOSER, VC AF TILSON, HA MOSER, VC TI COMPARISON OF SCREENING APPROACHES SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY ASSOC CY JUL 01-05, 1991 CL PARMA, ITALY SP INT NEUROTOXICOL ASSOC DE SCREENING BATTERIES; NEUROTOXICITY; DATA ANALYSIS ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; BEHAVIORAL INDEXES; SPECIAL EMPHASIS; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; NEUROTOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS AB Neurobehavioral techniques have been used extensively in animal toxicology studies because, in many cases, such procedures are designed to evaluate neurobiological functions thought to be affected in chemical-exposed humans, e.g., changes in sensorimotor function. Procedures used to identify or screen for the presence of neurotoxicity are usually designed to test large numbers of animals and are not considered to be as sensitive to subtle effects as more specialized tests for neurobiological dysfunction. For purposes of screening, the use of a functional observational battery (FOB) is now generally accepted. In general, FOB evaluations in animals are similar to clinical neurological examinations in humans in that they rate the presence and, in some cases, the severity of behavioral and neurological signs. A number of batteries containing different observations and measurements have been developed in several laboratories for rodents, dogs, and non-human primates. Frequently, the FOB is used in conjunction with other measures of neurotoxicity, i.e., neuropathology or sensory evoked potentials. FOB used in screening typically assess several neurobiological domains including neuromuscular (i.e., weakness, incoordination, abnormal movements, gait, motor seizures, myoclonia, rigidity and tremor), sensory (i.e., auditory, visual and somatosensory) and autonomatic (i.e., pupil response, salivation) functions. Most FOB used for screening do not assess cognitive function (i.e., learning and memory). FOB evaluations can yield important information concerning dose-response characteristics and data on the onset, duration and persistence of an effect. FOB should be able to differentiate neurotoxicants from non-neurotoxicants and neurotoxicants having different mechanism(s) or site(s) of action. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP TILSON, HA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD748,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 7 U2 7 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SPR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HN298 UT WOS:A1992HN29800002 PM 1508408 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, EZ AF FRANCIS, EZ TI REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY AND HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY ASSOC CY JUL 01-05, 1991 CL PARMA, ITALY SP INT NEUROTOXICOL ASSOC DE DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; REGULATORY; RISK ASSESSMENT; TEST GUIDELINES ID QUANTITATIVE COMPARABILITY; BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; WORKSHOP AB A number of efforts, in the last 15 years, have been directed at developing protocols to assess the potential developmental neurotoxicity (DN) of test agents. Japan and the United Kingdom have general protocols that describe the behavioral parameters that should be evaluated as part of other types of testing protocols, such as standard developmental and/or reproductive toxicity studies. In 1986, EPA published a proposed separate guideline for the testing of glycol ethers. Since then, this protocol has undergone extensive review and comment by an agency-wide workgroup, participants of a workshop sponsored by EPA and NIDA, EPA's Scientific Advisory Panel, and the public. Comments were taken into consideration and the final DN testing protocol has been published recently by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs. This protocol provides specific guidance on issues of study design, aspects of CNS function to be evaluated and criteria for selection of testing procedures. It is designed to be a "generic" protocol could be applied to testing of pesticides and other chemicals and that could be modified on a case-by-case basis depending on the data available on a specific agent of concern. With the development of testing protocols for assessing DN, there comes a need for the development of guidance as to how the data should be interpreted and applied toward conducting a risk assessment for extrapolation to humans. Some guidance was developed at the EPA-NIDA Workshop. EPA has published specific risk assessment guidelines in the area of developmental toxicity that include a section on interpretation of data on functional deficits, including DN. EPA is in the process of developing risk assessment guidelines on neurotoxicity that will include a section of interpretation of DN data. This paper includes an overview of the testing protocols that are available, when DN testing is required, and how the data are interpreted and applied to human risk assessment. RP FRANCIS, EZ (reprint author), US EPA,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH RD-689,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SPR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HN298 UT WOS:A1992HN29800008 PM 1508435 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP JENSEN, KF AF OCALLAGHAN, JP JENSEN, KF TI ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN AND THE CUPRIC SILVER DEGENERATION REACTION CAN BE USED AS SENSITIVE AND EARLY INDICATORS OF NEUROTOXICITY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY ASSOC CY JUL 01-05, 1991 CL PARMA, ITALY SP INT NEUROTOXICOL ASSOC DE EARLY INDICATION OF NEUROTOXICITY; CUPRIC SILVER DEGENERATION REACTION; ASTROGLIOSIS; ARGYROPHILIA; GFAP ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; MESSENGER-RNA; TRIMETHYLTIN; RAT; INJURY; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; STRIATUM AB The mammalian central nervous system is composed of a large and diverse array of its two principle cell types, neurons and glia. Given this extreme cellular heterogeneity, it is not surprising that targets of neurotoxic insult often are diverse and unpredictable. In devising strategies to assess neurotoxicity, one must overcome the obstacle posed by not knowing where to look for damage. Our approach to the detection and localization of sites of toxicant-induced damage has been to take advantage of two general responses to nervous system insult, astrogliosis and argyrophilia. Assays for GFAP, the principle intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, have been devised to quantify astrogliosis and a modified cupric silver degeneration stain has been employed to examine patterns of argyrophilia. Using these methods, we found that increases in GFAP and the occurrence of argyrophilia are consistent responses to neurotoxic insults. Moreover, increments in these two indicators reveal dose-, time- and region-dependent patterns of neurotoxicity at toxicant dosages below those that cause light microscopic evidence of cell loss or damage. The rapid onset of astrogliosis and argyrophilia following specific toxicant exposures suggests that the signals underlying these events are among the earliest that can be linked to the neurotoxic state. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 33 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SPR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HN298 UT WOS:A1992HN29800011 PM 1508411 ER PT J AU VERONESI, B AF VERONESI, B TI INVITRO SCREENING BATTERIES FOR NEUROTOXICANTS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY ASSOC CY JUL 01-05, 1991 CL PARMA, ITALY SP INT NEUROTOXICOL ASSOC DE CELL CULTURE; NEUROTOXICITY SCREENS; INVITRO SCREENING BATTERIES; INVITRO NEUROTOXICITY TESTING ID NEURO-BLASTOMA CELLS; METABOLISM; CULTURES AB The need to develop, validate and utilize in vitro models to test chemicals for neurotoxic potential is widely appreciated. This lecture discussed the major advantages of using cell and tissue culture, the various in vitro models amenable for neurotoxicity studies, and the distinction between mechanistic and screening models. Considerations for designing screening batteries to evaluate neurotoxicants are discussed. Topics such as choice of appropriate cell models and endpoints (i.e., cytotoxic and neurotoxic), and technical considerations in the design of the battery are also presented. RP VERONESI, B (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SPR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HN298 UT WOS:A1992HN29800020 PM 1508418 ER PT J AU ARCIA, E OTTO, DA AF ARCIA, E OTTO, DA TI RELIABILITY OF SELECTED TESTS FROM THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL EVALUATION SYSTEM SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RELIABILITY; NEUROBEHAVIORAL TESTS; ATTENTION; MEMORY; REACTION TIME; LEARNING; VISUOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; MOOD; COMPUTERIZED TESTS ID BEHAVIORAL-EVALUATION; EXPOSURE AB NES is a widely used battery of tests designed for use in occupational health studies. Despite its widespread use, information on the reliability of the tests is limited. This article reviews the importance of test reliability and presents the results of analyses which were undertaken to examine the reliability of 11 tests and a mood rating scale contained in the NES. The NES tests were administered to 66 subjects on two testing days separated by a minimum of seven days. Seven tests were administered twice on each test day with a 3-hour interval between testing, and four of the tests were presented only once each test day. Test reliabilities were estimated for various summary measures for each test. Suggestions are made on the appropriate selection of tests and use of these. C1 DAVIE HALL UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90058-I PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA HR975 UT WOS:A1992HR97500002 PM 1593984 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, S ROSENBAUM, BJ AF HENDERSON, S ROSENBAUM, BJ TI WILL CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECT BIODIVERSITY IN PACIFIC-NORTHWEST FORESTS SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP HENDERSON, S (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD SPR-SUM PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KK327 UT WOS:A1992KK32700041 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, SD MCGUIRE, JM THRUSTON, AD BAUGHMAN, GL AF RICHARDSON, SD MCGUIRE, JM THRUSTON, AD BAUGHMAN, GL TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFONATED AZO DYES USING LIQUID SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; IONIZATION; DYESTUFFS; SPECTRA AB Eight monosulfonated and disulfonated azo dyes were analyzed using liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry/tandem mass spectrometry, in the negative ion mode, under low-energy collision conditions (110-150 eV). Many structurally characteristic fragment ions were obtained, several of which have not been reported previously using other mass spectrometric techniques. Among the structurally important ions observed were those due to loss of SO2, SO3 and various aromatic substituents, such as NO2 and NHCOCH3. Losses of N2 were also proposed. In addition, product ions due to cleavage at the azo linkage were observed, and also SO3- and HSO3- ions. Several of the azo cleavage product ions detected did not contain sulfonate groups. Possible pathways for the formation of product ions are proposed. The structural information obtained should help to better characterize and identify sulfonated azo dyes in the future. RP RICHARDSON, SD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0030-493X J9 ORG MASS SPECTROM JI Org. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1002/oms.1210270322 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA HJ782 UT WOS:A1992HJ78200020 ER PT J AU ISRAELI, M NELSON, CB AF ISRAELI, M NELSON, CB TI DISTRIBUTION AND EXPECTED TIME OF RESIDENCE FOR UNITED-STATES HOUSEHOLDS SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE RESIDENCE TIME; RISK ASSESSMENT; HOUSING SURVEY AB For risk assessments, the average current residence time (time since moving into current residence) has often been used as a surrogate for the average total residence time (time between moving into and out of a residence). Since the distributions of the two quantities are not necessarily the same, neither are their averages. Housing surveys provide current residence time data; total residence times must, therefore, be inferred. By modeling the moving process, the total residence time distribution can be estimated from current residence time data. Using 1985 and 1987 U.S. housing survey data, distributions and averages for both current and total residence times were calculated for several housing categories. The average total residence time calculated for all U.S. households, 4.6 (se = 0.6) years, is less than half the average current residence time, 10.6 (se = 0.1) years. RP ISRAELI, M (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RADIAT PROGRAMS,BIOEFFECTS ANAL BRANCH,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 5 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb01308.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA HJ872 UT WOS:A1992HJ87200007 ER PT J AU HARRIS, DT JASOFRIEDMANN, L DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS EVANS, DL AF HARRIS, DT JASOFRIEDMANN, L DEVLIN, RB KOREN, HS EVANS, DL TI THE NATURAL-KILLER CELL-LIKE LYTIC ACTIVITY EXPRESSED BY CYTOLYTIC LYMPHOCYTES-T IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EXPRESSION OF A NOVEL FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED MOLECULE SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; TARGET-CELLS; CHAIN GENES; BETA-CHAIN; NK-LIKE; CLONAL ANALYSIS; RECOGNITION; GAMMA AB Experiments were performed to analyse the natural killer cell (NK)-like cytotoxicity frequently expressed by human antigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). To this end, several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) previously shown to identify a novel function-associated molecule (FAM) involved in human NK function were utilized. Flow cytometry revealed that these MoAbs reacted with the majority of human NK, but only with a subpopulation of CTL isolated from primary mixed lymphocyte cultures. Preincubation of CTL with the MoAbs inhibited the NK-like lysis of K562 targets. Experiments with anti-CD3 MoAb demonstrated that neither the NK-like cytotoxicity of CTL nor the lytic activity of NK were mediated by the CD3 complex. Expression of the novel FAM was found to develop in T-cell cultures at the time that NK-like cytotoxicity was observed. Repeated in vitro antigenic stimulation of CTL was shown to result in loss of NK-like cytotoxicity, as well as loss of the FAM on the CTL surface. Thus, NK-like cytotoxicity displayed by antigen-specific CTL appears to be mediated by a novel FAM that is identical to that structure found on NK. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,CELL & MOLEC BIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HARRIS, DT (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BLDG 90,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA41987-05, CA47338-03] NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02862.x PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA HE871 UT WOS:A1992HE87100006 PM 1531548 ER PT J AU SLOTKIN, TA SEIDLER, FJ KAVLOCK, RJ BARTOLOME, JV AF SLOTKIN, TA SEIDLER, FJ KAVLOCK, RJ BARTOLOME, JV TI THYROID-HORMONE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATES CELLULAR-DEVELOPMENT IN NEONATAL RAT-HEART AND KIDNEY SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; BETA-ADRENERGIC CONTROL; ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; SYMPATHETIC NEUROTRANSMISSION; IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR; NORADRENERGIC SYNAPSES; BRAIN; LUNG; MACROMOLECULES; HYPOTHYROIDISM AB The role of thyroid hormone in the control of cardiac and renal cell development was examined in neonatal rats made hyperthyroid by administration of triiodothyronine (T3, 0.1 mg/kg s.c. on postnatal days 1-5) or hypothyroid by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU, 20 mg/kg s.c. given to dams on gestational day 17 through postnatal day 5 and to pups on postnatal days 1-5). Indices of total cell number (total DNA per tissue), cell packing density (DNA per g tissue), and relative cell size (protein/DNA ratio) were evaluated from birth through young adulthood. PTU administration led to primary shortfalls in cell number that were of similar magnitude in both tissues, but persisted somewhat longer in the kidney than in the heart. Deficits in cell packing density and cell size in the hypothyroid animals were secondary to the effect on cell number, displaying smaller magnitudes of effect and a lag in appearance and disappearance of the deficits compared to that for total DNA; indeed, the phase in which tissues were restoring their cell numbers was accompanied by increased cell packing density, reflecting a more rapid restitution of cell numbers than tissue weight or cell size. In contrast to the relatively similar effects of PTU on developing cardiac and renal cells, the effects of T3 were selective for the heart. Although T3 caused general growth impairment, it evoked marked cardiac overgrowth that was accompanied by a striking increase in cell number and a small increase in cell size. The cardiac hyperplasia is unique to the developing animal, as post-replicative heart cells in adult animals show only hypertrophy in response to thyroid hormone. The time course of appearance and disappearance of the effects of T3 on the indices of cardiac cell development suggested that the hormone shifted maturation such that cell replication was initiated and terminated earlier than in control animals. The results obtained in this study thus indicate that thyroid hormone plays two distinct and separable roles in modulation of cellular development: basal levels of hormone are required to maintain cell acquisition in all tissues but, in addition, there is a more specific role in cardiac cells in setting the timing of onset and disappearance of cell replication. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SLOTKIN, TA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,BOX 3813,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1002/tera.1420450309 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA HF961 UT WOS:A1992HF96100008 PM 1631783 ER PT J AU LUKEN, RA JOHNSON, FR KIBLER, V AF LUKEN, RA JOHNSON, FR KIBLER, V TI BENEFITS AND COSTS OF PULP AND PAPER EFFLUENT CONTROLS UNDER THE CLEAN-WATER-ACT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This study quantifies local improvements in environmental quality from controlling effluents in the pulp and paper industry. Although it is confined to a single industry, this study is the first effort to assess the actual net benefits of the Clean Water Act pollution control program. An assessment of water quality benefits requires linking regulatory policy, technical effects, and behavioral responses. Regulatory policies mandate specific controls that influence the quantity and nature of effluent discharges. We identify a subset of stream segments suitable for analysis, describe water quality simulations and control cost calculations under alternative regulatory scenarios, assign feasible water uses to each segment based on water quality, and determine probable upper bounds for the willingness of beneficiaries to pay. Because the act imposes uniform regulations that do not account for differences in compliance costs, existing stream quality, contributions of other effluent sources, and recreation potential, the relation between water quality benefits and costs varies widely across sites. This variation suggests that significant positive net benefits have probably been achieved in some cases, but we conclude that the costs of the Clean Water Act as a whole exceed likely benefits by a significant margin. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR ECON RES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LUKEN, RA (reprint author), UN,IND DEV ORG,POB 300,A-1400 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.1029/91WR02593 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA HG175 UT WOS:A1992HG17500008 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI 24-HOUR RHYTHMS OF SELECTED AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE IN RAT AND HAMSTER SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP A954 EP A954 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HG719 UT WOS:A1992HG71900105 ER PT J AU MCKINNON, K NOAH, T REED, W DEVLIN, R BECKER, S KOREN, H AF MCKINNON, K NOAH, T REED, W DEVLIN, R BECKER, S KOREN, H TI RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) INFECTION OF A HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE INCREASES NEUTROPHIL ADHERENCE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP A1429 EP A1429 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HG719 UT WOS:A1992HG71902857 ER PT J AU QUAY, J AREND, WP BECKER, S AF QUAY, J AREND, WP BECKER, S TI REGULATION OF IL-1 (ALPHA AND BETA), AND IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (SIL-1RA AND ICIL-1RA) IN HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES INFECTED WITH RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LABS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP A1156 EP A1156 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HG719 UT WOS:A1992HG71901271 ER PT J AU REED, W MCKINNON, K BECKER, S DEVLIN, R KOREN, H AF REED, W MCKINNON, K BECKER, S DEVLIN, R KOREN, H TI INVITRO OZONE EXPOSURE OF A HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE INCREASES NEUTROPHIL ADHERENCE AND INHIBITS PRODUCTION OF PMN ELASTASE AND SUPEROXIDE ANION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP A1429 EP A1429 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HG719 UT WOS:A1992HG71902854 ER PT J AU SARKER, M GLEN, WG YIN, LB DUNN, WJ SCOTT, DR SWANSON, S AF SARKER, M GLEN, WG YIN, LB DUNN, WJ SCOTT, DR SWANSON, S TI COMPARISON OF SIMCA PATTERN-RECOGNITION AND LIBRARY SEARCH IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS COMPOUNDS FROM MASS-SPECTRA SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE MASS SPECTROMETRY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; HAZARDOUS COMPOUNDS; SIMCA METHODS ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AMBIENT AIR; CLASSIFICATION AB SIMCA pattern recognition methods have been applied to mass spectral data from a target list of hazardous chemicals. A scheme has been proposed for classification and identification of five classes of compounds including aromatics, chlorocarbons, bromocarbons, hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In addition, partial least squares regression has been used to predict the number of chlorine atoms present in the PCBs. A training set of 429 compounds was used. Classification models were derived by using principal components analysis of the autocorrelation transformed spectra and were applied to two gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ambient air field samples and one hazardous waste sample. An optimal number of three principal components was determined. For identification the mass spectra of the unknowns were compared with the training set mass spectra in the predicted class. The overall classification and identification rates for training spectra were 89% and for the unknowns were 92% and 82%, respectively. Identification results of the SIMCA scheme for an ambient air field sample also was compared to that of probability based matching (PBM). Correct identification for the spectra in this sample by SIMCA was 71/84 (85%) as opposed to 35/84 (42%) by PBM. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MIDW RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. RP SARKER, M (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,M-C 781,833 S WOOD ST,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 2 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85176-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HF132 UT WOS:A1992HF13200008 ER PT J AU BRISKIN, J AF BRISKIN, J TI WATER WELL SURVEY SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter RP BRISKIN, J (reprint author), US EPA,NATL PESTICIDE SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD FEB 24 PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA HF055 UT WOS:A1992HF05500005 ER PT J AU DARCEY, DJ EVERSON, RB PUTMAN, KL RANDERATH, K AF DARCEY, DJ EVERSON, RB PUTMAN, KL RANDERATH, K TI DNA ADDUCTS AND EXPOSURE TO BURNING OIL SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 SRA TECHNOL INC,DURHAM,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP DARCEY, DJ (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 22 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8791 BP 489 EP 489 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91092-M PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HE932 UT WOS:A1992HE93200025 PM 1346835 ER PT J AU LEFKOWITZ, A FOUT, GS LOSONSKY, G WASSERMAN, SS ISRAEL, E MORRIS, JG AF LEFKOWITZ, A FOUT, GS LOSONSKY, G WASSERMAN, SS ISRAEL, E MORRIS, JG TI A SEROSURVEY OF PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH SHELLFISH - PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO VIBRIO SPECIES AND NORWALK VIRUS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRABS; NORWALK AGENT; OYSTERS; SHELLFISH; VIBRIO; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE ID OYSTER-ASSOCIATED GASTROENTERITIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; CHOLERA-TOXIN; VULNIFICUS INFECTIONS; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; CONSUMPTION; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRULENCE AB Recent concerns regarding the safety of shellfish consumption have focused on the risk posed by naturally occurring marine bacteria such as Vibrio species and by viruses such as Norwalk and related agents. Despite the widespread environmental presence of Vibrio species in the Chesapeake Bay, the rate of reported infections remains low; there have also been no reports of major Norwalk outbreaks associated with shellfish in this area. As infections with these agents may not always be recognized because of difficulties in making the diagnosis and/or their mild or subclinical presentation, a serosurvey was conducted among healthy volunteers living in the Chesapeake Bay region. Serum and questionnaire data were collected during the fall of 1987 from 267 persons with varying levels of exposure to shellfish: shellfish industry workers, persons attending a local seafood festival, and Seventh-day Adventists (who traditionally abstain from eating shellfish). In comparisons among groups, a significant association could not be demonstrated between shellfish consumption or contact and antibody response to Vibrio cholerae O1 or Norwalk virus. Rates of seropositivity were high for both agents (up to 22% seropositive with a V. cholerae O1 Inaba vibriocidal assay, 14% with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cholera toxin, and up to 70% seropositive with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to Norwalk virus); the basis for these responses in population-based studies remains to be determined. Shellfish industry workers did have a significantly elevated antibody response to the unencapsulated phase variant of Vibrio vulnificus as compared with the other groups studied. Infection with V. vulnificus may be relatively common among persons with high levels of exposure to shellfish. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS & TROP PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 4 BP 369 EP 380 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT763 UT WOS:A1992HT76300005 PM 1312771 ER PT J AU LIN, ELC REDDY, TV DANIEL, FB AF LIN, ELC REDDY, TV DANIEL, FB TI MACROMOLECULAR ADDUCTION BY TRICHLOROACETONITRILE IN THE FISCHER-344 RAT FOLLOWING ORAL GAVAGE SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TRICHLOROACETONITRILE; HALOGENATED ACETONITRILES; CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DNA ADDUCT; PROTEIN ADDUCT ID DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; HALOACETONITRILES; CARCINOGENS; HEMOGLOBIN; EXPOSURE AB Male Fisher 344 rats were administered 1- or 2-[C-14]trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) by oral gavage. DNA was isolated from the liver, kidneys and stomach and several protein fractions (globin, albumin and globulins) were isolated from blood. TCAN binds to both the DNA and the blood proteins in a dose-related manner. More radiolable was associated with the DNA when the carbon at C2 position was labeled, than at C1 position. However, the position of the radiolable did not influence the levels of radioactivity associated with the blood proteins. The stomach exhibited the highest level of DNA binding, followed in order by the liver and kidney. TCAN binding level was higher in DNA isolated from rats killed at 24 h than at 4 h after administration. In contrast, the three blood proteins showed similar binding levels, regardless of the exposure time. Radioactivity associated with DNA was not incorporated into the nitrogen bases (i.e. via de novo synthesis) and a covalent binding index (mu-mol chemical bound/mol nucleotide phosphate per mmol/kg body wt. of chemical administered) of 30-120 observed for various tissues. Most of the radioactivity (60-80%) associated with globin could be released and separated from the protein by the treatment with concentrated ammonium hydroxide and precipitation of protein by organic solvent. Three peaks were observed in the HPLC elution profiles of the radioactivity released from the globin. Trichloroacetic acid co-eluted with one of these released products (peak II), however, the chemical identity of the material under the major peak (peak III) and peak I are still uncharacterized. RP LIN, ELC (reprint author), US EPA,ANDREW W BRIEDENBACH ENVIRONM RES CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(92)90192-X PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HH325 UT WOS:A1992HH32500001 PM 1540927 ER PT J AU VENEGAS, RE REGGIO, PH RABINOWITZ, JR AF VENEGAS, RE REGGIO, PH RABINOWITZ, JR TI COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF THE 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF CYCLOPENTA POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS CONTAINING A GULF REGION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE SKIN; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; POLYPARAPHENYLENE; POLYTHIOPHENE; POLYPYRROLE; AM1 AB Recently, some cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons, an environmentally relevant subclass of chemicals, have been shown to have carcinogenic activity in animals. It has been suggested that benz[l]aceanthrylene (I), an active member of this subclass with a gulf region, has a trans dihydrodiol metabolite that is nonplanar and has two distinct spatial configurations. We have used MMP2(85) and AM1 to investigate the three-dimensional structure of this dihydrodiol and other similar derivatives of (I) and have found that although (I) is somewhat nonplanar the relevant derivatives are all nearly planar. Further, we have computed potential functions for the bending of the angular ring in the gulf region using MMP2(85), AM1, and ab initio computed energies for AM1 spatial configurations and find that these molecules all have only a single potential minimum. We have performed the same calculations for benzo[c]phenanthrene and its 1,12 dimethyl derivative, molecules with a similar gulf region for which crystallographic data exists. In agreement with that data, we find that two distinct spatial configurations exist separated by significant barries. The differences between the results generated by the three different methods of computation will be discussed. C1 KENNESAW STATE COLL,DEPT CHEM,MARIETTA,GA 30061. RP VENEGAS, RE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3 BP 497 EP 516 DI 10.1002/qua.560410312 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA GW220 UT WOS:A1992GW22000011 ER PT J AU MIDDAUGH, DP HEMMER, MJ AF MIDDAUGH, DP HEMMER, MJ TI REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF THE INLAND SILVERSIDE, MENIDIA-BERYLLINA, (PISCES, ATHERINIDAE) FROM BLACKWATER BAY, FLORIDA SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PENINSULAE PISCES; AUDENS AB The reproductive ecology of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, was studied during Feb. 1988-March 1989 at Robinson Point, Blackwater Bay, Florida. Environmental variables including pH, rainfall, salinity, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured weekly or biweekly. Fish were sampled weekly with a seine designed to catch adult, juvenile, and young-of-the-year (YOY) individuals. Most reproductive activity occurred during Feb.-April 1988. The maximum mean weekly female gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 12.5 occurred in April. Fecundity ranged from 63 to 419 hydrated eggs/female. The maximum mean weekly male GSI of 6.1 occurred in early March. Catches of YOY individuals 7.6-37.5 mm SL were greatest in May. Some of these YOY individuals matured in July-Sept. and spawned. This reproductive activity resulted in recruitment of a second group of YOY fish into the population during Aug.-Oct. Growth rates of YOY in May-July, calculated by regression methods from weekly frequency distributions of standard length, was 0.34 mm/day for females and 0.31 mm/day for males. The reproductive pattern of M. beryllina from Blackwater Bay, Florida indicates that qualitatively it is an r-strategist with rapid growth of YOY, sexual maturation at an early age, relatively high fecundity, and multiple spawnings within the first reproductive period for YOY fish in July-Sept. and again as 1- to 1-plus-year-old individuals. RP MIDDAUGH, DP (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 3 PY 1992 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HC975 UT WOS:A1992HC97500006 ER PT J AU RENARD, EP GOYDAN, R STOLKI, T AF RENARD, EP GOYDAN, R STOLKI, T TI PERMEATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACRYLATES THROUGH SELECTED PROTECTIVE GLOVE MATERIALS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In support of the Premanufacture Notification (PMN) program of the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Substances, the resistance of three glove materials to permeation by multifunctional acrylate compounds was evaluated through a program for the Office of Research and Development. Several recent PMN submissions relate to multifunctional acrylates and essentially no permeation data are available for this class of compounds. To better understand permeation behavior, tests were conducted with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), and two mixtures of HDDA with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA). Because of the low vapor pressure and low water solubility of these compounds, the tests were conducted by using ASTM Method F739-85 with a silicone rubber sheeting material as the collection medium. Tests were performed at 20-degrees-C with butyl, natural, and nitrile rubber glove materials. None of the acrylate compounds nor mixtures was found to permeate the butyl or nitrile rubber under the test conditions. Permeation through the natural rubber was observed in tests with pure HDDA, a 50% HDDA/50% EHA mixture, and a 25% HDDA/75% EHA mixture. TMPTA permeation through the natural rubber was also detected, but only in one of the triplicate tests after the 360-480 min sampling interval. For pure HDDA, the breakthrough detection time was 30-60 min and the steady-state permeation rate was 0.92-mu-g/cm2-min. For the HDDA/EHA mixtures, permeation of both mixture components was detected during the same sampling interval in each test. The breakthrough detection time was 30-60 min for the 50/50 mixture and from 15-30 to 30-60 min for the 25/75 mixture. The HDDA steady-state permeation rates from the mixtures were somewhat higher than that measured for pure HDDA: 1.02-mu-g/cm2-min from the 50/50 mixture and 1.35-mu-g/cm2-min from the 25/75 mixture. The slight increase in permeation rate is attributed to the presence of the more rapidly permeating EHA carrier solvent, which had a permeation rate of 11.7-mu-g/cm2-min from the 50/50 mixture and 20.0-mu-g/cm2-min from the 25/75 mixture. C1 ARTHUR D LITTLE INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02140. RP RENARD, EP (reprint author), US EPA,RELEASES CONTROL BRANCH MS104,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,2890 WOODBRIDGE AVE,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 53 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0117:POMATS>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HQ125 UT WOS:A1992HQ12500007 PM 1543127 ER PT J AU KE, HQ LEVINE, SP MOURADIAN, RF BERKLEY, R AF KE, HQ LEVINE, SP MOURADIAN, RF BERKLEY, R TI FAST GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR AIR MONITORING - LIMITS OF DETECTION AND QUANTITATION SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COLD TRAP INLET; SPEED; INJECTION; SYSTEM AB Gas chromatography has the potential to be a very fast method of air monitoring in the workplace and the community. The use of "fast" gas chromatographic (GC) instrumentation and methods may allow the completion of analyses in less than 10 sec when a flame ionization detector is used and in less than 30 sec when an electron capture detector is used. In this study, the fast GC system was evaluated as an air-monitoring tool for 41 different organic vapors at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppb. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,AREAL MRB MD44,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. FU PHS HHS [R-01-0H02303] NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 53 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1080/15298669291359393 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HQ125 UT WOS:A1992HQ12500009 PM 1543129 ER PT J AU CHILDERS, JW WILSON, NK BARBOUR, RK AF CHILDERS, JW WILSON, NK BARBOUR, RK TI EVALUATION OF GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MATRIX-ISOLATION INFRARED SPECTROMETRY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN AIR SAMPLE EXTRACTS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; PERFORMANCE; FTIR; IR AB The capabilities of gas chromatography/matrix isolation infrared (GC/MIIR) spectrometry for the determination of semivolatide organic compounds (SVOCs) in environmental air sample extracts were evaluated. A series of systematic experiments, using the xylene isomers as test compounds, was conducted to determine the repeatability of the various steps involved in GC/MIIR measurements and to identify parameters which affect the precision in quantitative analyses. The repeatability of MIIR net absorbance measurements for both single and replicate depositions was determined. The precision for MIIR net absorbance measurements on single depositions was found to be better than 2%, whereas measurements for daily replicate depositions had relative standard deviations of less than 4%. The effect of experimental parameters, such as deposition tip position and cryogenic disk time resolution, on the overall precision is illustrated. The detection limits and range of linear response of the GC/MIIR method for o-, m-, and p-xylene were determined by analyzing calibration standards ranging in concentration from 0.87 to 86.9 ng/mu-L. The MIIR net absorbance exhibited a nonlinear response at concentrations higher than 52.1 ng/mu-L, which was most likely due to an increase in the sample spot size relative to the IR beam focus or a decrease in the matrix-to-solute ratio to less than what is acceptable for matrix isolation conditions. The method detection limit for the xylene isomers was estimated to be between 1 and 2 ng/mu-L injected on-column for routine measurements. Extensive signal averaging was required to obtain identifiable spectra at concentrations less than 1 ng/mu-L. The GC/MIIR method was tested by determining target SVOCs in amblent air sample extracts. The MIIR quantitative results were compared to those obtained on the system's flame ionization detector (FID). The FID response exhibited a high bias when unknown compounds coeluted with a target analyte. The ability of GC/MIIR to quantify target compounds in the presence of interferents and to discriminate between coeluting isomers is demonstrated. Overall, the GC/MIIR technique provided excellent quantitative data. However, because of the complexity of the equipment and the time required for analysis, the current method is not amenable to routine measurements. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHILDERS, JW (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 3 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1021/ac00027a010 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HB591 UT WOS:A1992HB59100011 ER PT J AU ALI, JS OLSZYK, VB DUNN, DD LEE, KLA KENDALL, SM RHODERICK, RR BUSHNELL, PJ AF ALI, JS OLSZYK, VB DUNN, DD LEE, KLA KENDALL, SM RHODERICK, RR BUSHNELL, PJ TI A LOTUS 1-2-3-BASED SYSTEM FOR RECORDING AND MAINTAINING BODY-WEIGHT OF LABORATORY-ANIMALS SO BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS LA English DT Article ID RATS AB Body-weight maintenance is required in a variety of behavioral and physiological studies. A PC-based animal-weighing system is described; it features automated data collection and allows for accurate control of body weight in test animals via manipulation of food intake. Major system components are a PC XT-compatible computer, Lotus 1-2-3 and National Instruments Measure software, and a digital electronic balance. The system is controlled by Lotus macros, which present menus to the user. Menus provide for the basic operations of the system, including establishing new data files, collecting weight data, printing, and transferring files to a laboratory minicomputer. The optional weight-maintenance algorithm calculates the amount of food necessary to maintain target body weights. Some important aspects of this algorithm, including maintenance-feeding and gain parameters, can be manipulated to reduce weight oscillation in test animals or to accommodate the maintenance of body weight of different animal species. The system facilitates acquisition and recording of weight data, minimizes the frequency of error, and reduces variability both within and across animals when body-weight maintenance is required. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP ALI, JS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 SN 0743-3808 J9 BEHAV RES METH INSTR JI Behav. Res. Methods Instr. Comput. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.3758/BF03203477 PG 6 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA HH569 UT WOS:A1992HH56900014 ER PT J AU BARONE, S BONNER, M TANDON, P MCGINTY, JF TILSON, HA AF BARONE, S BONNER, M TANDON, P MCGINTY, JF TILSON, HA TI THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLCHICINE - MODULATION BY NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE INTRADENTATE COLCHICINE; NGF; HIPPOCAMPUS; CHAT IMMUNOREACTIVITY; ACHE HISTOCHEMISTRY; LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE RELEASE ID SEPTAL CHOLINERGIC NEURONS; CHRONIC INTRAVENTRICULAR-INJECTIONS; RAT-BRAIN; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; ADULT-RATS; ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; AXONAL-TRANSPORT; FOREBRAIN AB To study the effects of exogenously applied nerve growth factor (NGF) on colchicine-induced neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampal formation, colchicine (COLCH) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was infused into the dorsal hippocampus (HPC) followed by unilateral infusion of either purified beta-NGF (in ACSF) or cytochrome C. One week later, animals were tested in activity chambers when NGF treatment was found to reduce the COLCH-induced hyperactivity. Animals were sacrificed 3 or 12 weeks postlesion for neurochemical or morphological analysis. Carbachol-stimulated phosphatidyl inositol (PI) turnover performed in hippocampal slices was not affected by any treatment at 3 weeks. However, 12 weeks after the lesion, CARB stimulation of PI hydrolysis was increased in the COLCH/ACSF group. NGF treatment significantly reduced the hyperstimulation in COLCH-treated rats. Morphological analysis showed that COLCH treatment increased AChE staining in the hippocampus, whereas NGF treatment had no effect on AChE staining. There was no difference in the number of septal ChAT immunoreactive cell bodies of controls or colchicine-treated rats at either time point examined. However, NGF treatment resulted in a significant increase in the number of ChAT immunoreactive cell bodies 3 weeks postlesion. Results from this study indicate that NGF can modify colchicine-induced compensatory changes in hippocampal signal transduction and has transitory influences on cholinergic cells in the medial septum. C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27834. RP BARONE, S (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MAIL DROP 74-B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 28 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0361-9230(92)90188-4 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GZ884 UT WOS:A1992GZ88400016 PM 1596747 ER PT J AU HITCH, RK DAY, HR AF HITCH, RK DAY, HR TI UNUSUAL PERSISTENCE OF DDT IN SOME WESTERN USA SOILS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEXICO RP HITCH, RK (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS H7507C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 4 TC 156 Z9 219 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 48 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GY118 UT WOS:A1992GY11800014 PM 1536998 ER PT J AU HUSTERT, K ZEPP, RG AF HUSTERT, K ZEPP, RG TI PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF SELECTED AZO DYES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WATER; PHOTOLYSIS; SYSTEMS AB Four azo dyes were investigated under photocatalytic conditions using aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions and wavelengths (lambda) > 290 nm. The degradation approximately followed first order kinetics. To elucidate the reaction mechanisms, several products were determined by GC-MS. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HUSTERT, K (reprint author), GESELL STRAHLEN & UMWELTFORSCH MBH,INST OKOL CHEM,SCHULSTR 10,W-8050 FREISING,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90301-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HH158 UT WOS:A1992HH15800008 ER PT J AU KOESTER, CJ HARLESS, RL HITES, RA AF KOESTER, CJ HARLESS, RL HITES, RA TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF DIOXINS AND FURANS IN AMBIENT AIR BY HIGH-RESOLUTION AND ELECTRON-CAPTURE MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED DIOXINS AB Known mixtures and unknown atmospheric sample extracts containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) were analyzed by both electron impact, high resolution, mass spectrometry (HRMS) and by electron capture, negative ion, low resolution mass spectrometry (ECNI). PCDD/F concentrations measured by the two methods were comparable, typically agreeing within +/- 33%. The major difference between the two techniques is that HRMS easily detects 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, but ECNI does not. With this exception, the results suggest that ECNI can be a sensitive, low cost alternative to HRMS for the determination of PCDD/F concentrations. C1 INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KOESTER, CJ (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,SCH PUBL & ENVIRONM AFFAIRS,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90416-O PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HM030 UT WOS:A1992HM03000006 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT LODGE, K CALL, DJ BALCER, MD BROOKE, LT COOK, PM KREIS, RG CARLSON, AR JOHNSON, RD NIEMI, GJ HOKE, RA WEST, CW GIESY, JP JONES, PD FUYING, ZC AF ANKLEY, GT LODGE, K CALL, DJ BALCER, MD BROOKE, LT COOK, PM KREIS, RG CARLSON, AR JOHNSON, RD NIEMI, GJ HOKE, RA WEST, CW GIESY, JP JONES, PD FUYING, ZC TI INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER AND GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD; DETROIT RIVER; FACTORS TEFS; BLACK RIVER; FISH; TOXICITY; TESTS C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,CTR WATER & ENVIRONM,DULUTH,MN 55811. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPER ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. ASCL CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,PESTICIDE RES CTR 201,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010; Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 62 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 46 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90021-T PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC530 UT WOS:A1992HC53000006 PM 1375148 ER PT J AU KOVALICK, WW AF KOVALICK, WW TI WITH APOLOGIES TO EDISON,THOMAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material RP KOVALICK, WW (reprint author), US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,TECHNOLOGY OFF,401 M ST,SW OS-110W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 11 IS 1 BP F2 EP F3 DI 10.1002/ep.670110102 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HH939 UT WOS:A1992HH93900001 ER PT J AU ZUCKER, RM MASSARO, EJ ELSTEIN, KH AF ZUCKER, RM MASSARO, EJ ELSTEIN, KH TI THE REVERSIBILITY OF TRIBUTYLTIN-INDUCED TOXICITY INVITRO AS A FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION AND DURATION OF EXPOSURE (C X T)1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED EXCHANGE DIFFUSION; NORMAL-BUTYLTIN CHLORIDE; TRI-N-BUTYLTIN; MACROMOLECULAR-SYNTHESIS; TRIPHENYLTIN COMPOUNDS; RAT THYMOCYTES; CELLS; INHIBITION; HEMOLYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ZUCKER, RM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 57 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80023-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HE770 UT WOS:A1992HE77000010 PM 1740093 ER PT J AU BARTON, A AF BARTON, A TI DEDICATION OF SERIES TO AKERMAN,JIM SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP BARTON, A (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAM,DIV ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 231 EP 231 DI 10.1021/es00026a609 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB871 UT WOS:A1992HB87100006 ER PT J AU KOTIAHO, T WOOD, JM WICK, PL DEJARME, LE RANASINGHE, A COOKS, RG RINGHAND, HP AF KOTIAHO, T WOOD, JM WICK, PL DEJARME, LE RANASINGHE, A COOKS, RG RINGHAND, HP TI TIME PERSISTENCE OF MONOCHLORAMINE IN HUMAN SALIVA AND STOMACH FLUID SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE PROBE; WATER; RAT AB On-line membrane introduction mass spectrometry has been used to analyze the time persistence of monochloramine in human saliva and stomach fluid. The decay of monochloramine from a level of 0.7 ppm to levels below the detection limit (100 ppb) in saliva takes approximately 5 min; from a level of 1.8 ppm the decay time is approximately 50 min and at higher monochloramine concentrations (3.6-15 ppm) monochloramine does not react completely. This result, together with the short residence time of water in the mouth, suggests that most ingested monochloramine reaches the stomach intact. In contrast to its reaction with saliva, monochloramine decays rapidly in contact with stomach fluid; at concentrations of 0.7-15 ppm this occurs in approximately 30 s. This study also shows clearly the advantages of membrane introduction mass spectrometry in chloramine analysis. The ability to analyze these toxic and labile compounds directly from aqueous samples without derivatization or isolation at low detection limits is a prerequisite for establishing the biological fate of these compounds. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RI Cooks, R/G-1051-2015 OI Cooks, R/0000-0002-9581-9603 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1021/es00026a009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB871 UT WOS:A1992HB87100016 ER PT J AU ZEPP, RG FAUST, BC HOIGNE, J AF ZEPP, RG FAUST, BC HOIGNE, J TI HYDROXYL RADICAL FORMATION IN AQUEOUS REACTIONS (PH 3-8) OF IRON(II) WITH HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE - THE PHOTO-FENTON REACTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; RATE CONSTANTS; OH-RADICALS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; EQUILIBRIUM; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; SEAWATER AB Kinetics studies of the indirect photooxidation of trace hydroxyl radical (+OH) probes in aqueous solutions were used to evaluate the nature and formation efficiency of the transient oxidants that are generated when hydrogen peroxide reacts with Fe(II) that is produced from photoreduction of Fe(III) (lambda = 436 nm). Results of studies of these "photo-Fenton reactions" under various test conditions are in good agreement with the hypothesis that Fe2+ and its oxalate, citrate, and phosphate complexes react with H2O2 efficiently to produce +OH in water at pH values ranging from 3 to 8. Such reactions involving Fe(II) and H2O2 provide a generally important pathway for oxidations in the environment and possibly for the treatment of contaminated waters. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. SWISS FED INST WATER RESOURCES & WATER POLLUT CONTROL,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. NR 50 TC 548 Z9 600 U1 26 U2 236 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1021/es00026a011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB871 UT WOS:A1992HB87100018 ER PT J AU KLEINDIENST, TE SMITH, DF HUDGENS, EE CLAXTON, LD BUFALINI, JJ CUPITT, LT AF KLEINDIENST, TE SMITH, DF HUDGENS, EE CLAXTON, LD BUFALINI, JJ CUPITT, LT TI GENERATION OF MUTAGENIC TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS DURING THE IRRADIATION OF SIMULATED URBAN ATMOSPHERES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOOXIDATION PRODUCTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PROPYLENE; OZONE AB Mixtures of air pollutants simulating urban atmospheres were irradiated in a smog chamber, and the resultant products were monitored for the production of mutagenic and other hazardous compounds. The production of biologically active compounds was detected through use of the Ames mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100. Irradiations of the pollutant mixture were conducted at HC/NO(x) ratios of 20 and 11. Overall, the mutagenicity of the products and the formation of oxygenated primary and secondary reaction products were greater for the simulations with the higher initial HC/NO(x) value. The origin of the mutagenicity from the reactant mixture was examined by conducting experiments with individual paraffinic, olefinic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The chemicals examined during this aspect of the study were the paraffin n-butane, the olefin propylene, and the aromatic toluene. For the conditions studied, the activity of the toluene products was generally greater than that of propylene or n-butane, and the propylene products showed greater activity than did the n-butane products. The production of n-butane products was generally limited by its low rate of reaction with hydroxyl radicals. Photo-oxidation products from secondary reactions were most important in the toluene and propylene systems. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KLEINDIENST, TE (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.1021/es00026a012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HB871 UT WOS:A1992HB87100019 ER PT J AU BOND, JA WALLACE, LA OSTERMANGOLKAR, S LUCIER, GW BUCKPITT, A HENDERSEN, RF AF BOND, JA WALLACE, LA OSTERMANGOLKAR, S LUCIER, GW BUCKPITT, A HENDERSEN, RF TI ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO PULMONARY TOXICANTS - USE OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; DNA ADDUCTS; THIOETHER EXCRETION; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; COVALENT BINDING; GENETIC RISKS; ETHENE OXIDE; LUNG-CANCER C1 US EPA, EPIC, VINT HILL FARM STN, WARRENTON, VA 22186 USA. UNIV STOCKHOLM, CHEM IND INST TOXICOL, S-10691 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. UNIV STOCKHOLM, DEPT RADIOBIOL, S-10691 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. NIEHS, DIV BIOMETRY & RISK ASSESSMENT, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SCH VET MED, DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. LOVELACE INHALAT TOXICOL RES INST, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RP BOND, JA (reprint author), CHEM IND INST TOXICOL, 6 DAVIS DR, POB 12137, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 73 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90042-G PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HD260 UT WOS:A1992HD26000001 PM 1601216 ER PT J AU GEORGE, SE CHADWICK, RW CHANG, JJ KOHAN, MJ ALLISON, JC DEKKER, JP HAYES, Y AF GEORGE, SE CHADWICK, RW CHANG, JJ KOHAN, MJ ALLISON, JC DEKKER, JP HAYES, Y TI 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID INFLUENCE ON 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE-INDUCED URINE GENOTOXICITY IN FISCHER 344 RATS - EFFECT ON GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA AND ENZYME-ACTIVITY SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CYTO-TOXICITY; GUT FLORA; MUTAGENICITY; 2,4,5-T; DINITROTOLUENE; INDUCTION; LIVER; MICE C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV LAB MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90052-J PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HD260 UT WOS:A1992HD26000011 PM 1601224 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM EBRONMCCOY, MT ROGERS, JM BARBEE, BD HARRIS, ST AF CUMMINGS, AM EBRONMCCOY, MT ROGERS, JM BARBEE, BD HARRIS, ST TI DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF METHYL BENZIMIDAZOLECARBAMATE FOLLOWING EXPOSURE DURING EARLY-PREGNANCY SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT; CARBAMATE C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 2 BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90057-O PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HD260 UT WOS:A1992HD26000016 PM 1601229 ER PT J AU LAWRENCE, EP WANTY, RB NYBERG, P AF LAWRENCE, EP WANTY, RB NYBERG, P TI CONTRIBUTION OF RN-222 IN DOMESTIC WATER-SUPPLIES TO RN-222 IN INDOOR AIR IN COLORADO HOMES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RN-222; GROUNDWATER; AIR SAMPLING; MONITORS, RADON ID DRINKING-WATER; RADON; RISKS AB The contribution of Rn-222 from domestic water wells to indoor air was investigated in a study of 28 houses near Conifer, CO. Air concentrations determined by alpha-track detectors (ATDs) and continuous radon monitors were compared with the predictions of a single-cell model. In many of the houses, the water supply was shown to contribute significantly to levels of indoor Rn-222. The data from the ATD study were augmented with a continuous monitoring study of a house near Lyons, CO. The well water in that house has the highest known concentration of Rn-222 in water yet reported (93 MBq m-3). The temporal pattern in the indoor Rn-222 concentration corresponds to water-use records. In general, it is difficult to quantify the proportion of indoor radon attributable to water use. Several lines of evidence suggest that the single-cell model underestimates this proportion. Continuous-monitoring data, although useful, are impractical due to the cost of the equipment. We propose a protocol for Rn-222 measurement based on three simultaneous integrating radon detectors that may help estimate the proportion of indoor Rn-222 derived from the water supply. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MS 916, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. GERAGHTY & MILLER INC, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. US EPA, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 62 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1097/00004032-199202000-00007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HA640 UT WOS:A1992HA64000008 PM 1730559 ER PT J AU SMITH, DF KLEINDIENST, TE HUDGENS, EE MCIVER, CD BUFALINI, JJ AF SMITH, DF KLEINDIENST, TE HUDGENS, EE MCIVER, CD BUFALINI, JJ TI KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION OF ETHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID C-7 ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; EXPERIMENTAL VALUES; RATE CONSTANTS; OH; DECOMPOSITION; RADICALS AB Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) is being proposed as an additive for use in reformulated gasolines. In this study, experiments were performed to examine the kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric removal of ETBE. The kinetics of the reaction of ETBE with OH radicals were examined by using a relative rate technique with the photolysis of methyl nitrite to generate OH radicals. With n-hexane as the reference compound, a value of (9.73 +/- 0.33) x 10(012) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was obtained for the rate constant. The OH rate constant for t-butyl acetate, a product of the oxidation of ETBE, was (4.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(-13) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K. The primary products and molar yields for the OH reaction with ETBE in the presence of NO(x) were t-butyl formate (0.64 +/- 0.03), t-butyl acetate (0.13 +/- 0.01), ethyl acetate (0.043 +/- 0.003), acetaldehyde (0.16 +/- 0.01), acetone (0.019 +/- 0.002), and formaldehyde (0.53 +/- 0.04). Under the described reaction conditions, the formation of t-butyl nitrite was also observed. From these molar yields, approximately 98% of the reacted ETBE could be accounted for by paths leading to these products. Chemical mechanisms to explain the formation of these products are presented. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SMITH, DF (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM SCI,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1002/kin.550240208 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HA790 UT WOS:A1992HA79000007 ER PT J AU ZEILIG, N ORME, J AF ZEILIG, N ORME, J TI CONTROLLING MICROBES VERSUS DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,OFF TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 24 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HE287 UT WOS:A1992HE28700009 ER PT J AU MALES, RM COYLE, JA BORCHERS, HJ HERTZ, BG GRAYMAN, WM CLARK, RM AF MALES, RM COYLE, JA BORCHERS, HJ HERTZ, BG GRAYMAN, WM CLARK, RM TI EXPERT SYSTEMS SHOW PROMISE FOR CUSTOMER INQUIRIES SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This article describes results of an agreement between the North Penn Water Authority in Lansdale, Pa., and the US Environmental Protection Agency, Drinking Water Research Division, Cincinnati, Ohio, to study use of expert systems technology in a water utility. The three-year study has resulted in the development of computerized expert systems whose basic principles should be broadly applicable to other water utilities. The system described in this article, called a customer query expert system, is designed to assist administrative personnel in handling customer's inquiries and complaints about water quality. The system has been developed as a prototype and will be placed in field operation for further testing and refinement in the near future. Significant effort, however, is expected to be necessary to move from prototype "proof-of-concept" demonstrations to fully featured systems that are of practical use in the field. C1 N PENN WATER AUTHOR,LANSDALE,PA 19446. US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP MALES, RM (reprint author), RMM TECH SERV INC,3319 E SIDE AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45208, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HE287 UT WOS:A1992HE28700011 ER PT J AU PIRBAZARI, M BADRIYHA, BN KIM, SH MILTNER, RJ AF PIRBAZARI, M BADRIYHA, BN KIM, SH MILTNER, RJ TI EVALUATING GAC ADSORBERS FOR THE REMOVAL OF PCBS AND TOXAPHENE SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FIXED-BED ADSORBERS; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; HUMIC MATERIALS; DESIGN; ADSORPTION; BINDING; WATER AB The research described here investigated the effectiveness of activated carbon adsorption for the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxaphene from organic-free water (OFW) and humic acid background solution, using bench-scale equilibrium and rate tests. In addition, complexation experiments were conducted to assess the extent of association between the target pollutants and humic acid (HA). The dispersed-flow homogeneous surface diffusion model was satisfactory for predicting the performance of fixed-bed adsorbers for removing PCBs from OFW. When HA was present, carbon capacity was greatly reduced because of complexation and competitive adsorption effects, and the adsorber dynamics were complicated by the presence of various species such as unassociated HA and pollutant-HA complexes. C1 KOREA INST ENERGY & RESOURCES,DAEJEON CITY 30031,SOUTH KOREA. US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP PIRBAZARI, M (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HE287 UT WOS:A1992HE28700017 ER PT J AU SLOTKIN, TA SEIDLER, FJ KAVLOCK, RJ GRAY, JA AF SLOTKIN, TA SEIDLER, FJ KAVLOCK, RJ GRAY, JA TI FETAL DEXAMETHASONE EXPOSURE ACCELERATES DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL-FUNCTION - RELATIONSHIP TO DOSE, CELL-DIFFERENTIATION AND GROWTH-INHIBITION SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR-BINDING; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY; NEONATAL RAT-HEART; PRENATAL DEXAMETHASONE; CATECHOLAMINERGIC LESIONS; TERBUTALINE TREATMENT; KIDNEY; BRAIN; LUNG AB Fetal exposure to high doses of glucocorticoids slows cellular development and impairs organ performance, in association with growth retardation. Nevertheless, low doses of glucocorticoids may enhance cell differentiation and accelerate specific functions. The current study examined this apparent paradox in the developing rat kidney, using doses of dexamethasone that span the threshold for growth impairment: 0.05 or 0.2 mg/kg given on gestational days 17, 18 and 19. At the lower dose, which did not significantly retard body growth, the postnatal development of tubular reabsorptive capabilities for sodium, potassium, osmotic particles, water and urea was accelerated. These effects were less notable at the higher dose, which caused initial body growth impairment. The selectivity toward promotion of tubular function was evidenced by the absence of effect of either dose of dexamethasone on development of glomerular filtration rate. Because of the wide spectrum of dexamethasone's effects on tubular function, we also assessed fetal kidney adenylate cyclase as a means of detecting altered cell differentiation in the prenatal period during which dexamethasone was given. Either glucocorticoid dose increased the total adenylate cyclase catalytic activity (assessed with forskolin). Thus, the net effect of fetal dexamethasone exposure on development of renal excretory capabilities probably represents the summation of promoted cell differentiation and slowed development consequent to growth retardation. At low dose levels, the former effect predominates, leading to enhanced functional development, whereas higher doses that interfere with general growth and development can offset the direct promotional effect. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAXTON COMMUNICATIONS PI BUCKS PA ATTN: TINA CLARKE BUCKS, ENGLAND HP13 5HG ESS CENTRE BELLFIELD ROAD, SN 0141-9846 J9 J DEV PHYSIOL JI J. Dev. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Physiology SC Developmental Biology; Physiology GA LZ457 UT WOS:A1992LZ45700001 PM 1500634 ER PT J AU ALEXEEFF, G LEWIS, D LIPSETT, M AF ALEXEEFF, G LEWIS, D LIPSETT, M TI USE OF TOXICITY INFORMATION IN RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF TOXIC GASES SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RD50 CONCENTRATION; SENSORY IRRITANTS; MICE; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; CHLORINE AB Decision-making regarding the management of accidental chemical releases requires toxicologic input in the form of specific chemical concentration limits ("toxicity values"). Toxicologic concerns include protection against lethality and other irreversible effects, serious health effects that could tax medical delivery systems, and impairment of respiration, vision, judgement or mobility. Currently there are a number acute exposure guidelines developed by expert committees for application to occupational or military settings or for the general population. The values for many chemicals span a 100-fold range. Thus, evaluation of existing guidelines is needed to identify those which adequately protect the public. An alternate approach would be development of clearly defined procedures for identifying toxicity values. Such procedures could be used by government agencies to incorporate new scientific information as well as site-specific concerns, without having to reconvene an expert committee. Development of toxicity values could be substantially improved with more experimental data on nonlethal endpoints and with explicit accounting for sensitive subpopulations, such as children and people with chronic respiratory disease. RP ALEXEEFF, G (reprint author), US EPA,CAL,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,2151 BERKELEY WAY,ANNEX 11,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85043-Z PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HF752 UT WOS:A1992HF75200005 ER PT J AU MADDEN, MC BECKER, S KOREN, HS FRIEDMAN, M AF MADDEN, MC BECKER, S KOREN, HS FRIEDMAN, M TI DIFFERENCES IN ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM BY HUMAN MYELOMONOCYTIC CELL-LINES SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHIDONIC ACID; EICOSANOIDS; HL-60; U937; ML3; DIFFERENTIATION ID PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FATTY-ACIDS; U937 CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; HL-60; MONOPHOSPHATE; STIMULATION; MACROPHAGES AB The production of arachidonic acid metabolites by the HL60, ML3, and U937 human phagocyte cell lines was determined after incubation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 500 U/ml) or vehicle for 4 days. Cells were prelabeled with tritiated arachidonic acid, [H-3]AA, for 4 h, and media supernatants were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. None of the cell lines produced [H-3]AA metabolites in large amounts during an unstimulated, basal release period (30 or 60 min). In response to 10 muM calcium ionophore A23187 incubation (30 min), undifferentiated and IFN-gamma-differentiated HL60 cells formed both cyclooxygenase products (thromboxane and prostaglandins) and lipoxygenase products (leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids). In contrast to the HL60 cells, IFN-gamma-differentiated U937 cells formed primarily cyclooxygenase products and undifferentiated and IFN-gamma-differentiated ML3 cells did not form any [H-3]AA metabolites in response to A23187. These results indicate the need to be careful in selecting a cell line for use in a phagocyte assay system when cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase products could influence the assay results. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,CELL & MOLEC BIOL SECT,CHAPEL HILL,NC. ABB ENVIRONM,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 51 IS 2 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA JQ362 UT WOS:A1992JQ36200004 PM 1431547 ER PT J AU STUMP, FD KNAPP, KT RAY, WD SNOW, R BURTON, C AF STUMP, FD KNAPP, KT RAY, WD SNOW, R BURTON, C TI THE COMPOSITION OF MOTOR-VEHICLE ORGANIC EMISSIONS UNDER ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE SUMMER DRIVING CONDITIONS (75-DEGREES-F TO 105-DEGREES-F) SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Emissions from seven late-model popular V-6 and V-8 motor vehicles were characterized at three test temperatures. The Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule was used for vehicle tailpipe testing. Six vehicles fueled by port fuel injection (PFI) and one vehicle with a carbureted fuel system were tested at temperatures of 75, 90, and 105-degrees-F with unleaded regular summer grade gasoline. Tailpipe and evaporative emissions were determined at each test temperature. Measured emissions were the total hydrocarbons (THCS), speciated hydrocarbons, speciated aldehydes, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), benzene, and 1,3-butadiene. In general, tailpipe emissions of THC, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene from the vehicles were not temperature sensitive, but the CO and NOx emissions showed some temperature sensitivity. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and total aldehyde emissions from the PFI vehicles were also not temperature dependent, while formaldehyde emissions from the carbureted vehicle decreased slightly with increasing test temperature. Evaporative THC emissions generally increased with increasing test temperature. Hydrocarbon emissions saturated and broke through the evaporative carbon canister of one PFI vehicle during the 105-degrees-F hot soak while the other six vehicles showed no hydrocarbon breakthrough. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP STUMP, FD (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 152 EP 158 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HE722 UT WOS:A1992HE72200004 ER PT J AU THURNAU, RC FOURNIER, D AF THURNAU, RC FOURNIER, D TI THE BEHAVIOR OF ARSENIC IN A ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A research test program which focused on the partitioning of environmentally sensitive metals that resulted from controlled incineration of multi-contaminated soils (organics and metals) was carried out at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) incineration Research Facility (IRF). A synthetic matrix and an actual Superfund soil were the systems from which the partitioning of arsenic was measured. Incineration variables of kiln exit temperature, afterburner exit temperature, chlorine content and initial arsenic concentration were tested. The amount of arsenic partitioned to the ash was found to be dependent on kiln temperature, but independent of afterburner exit temperature and feed chlorine content. A distinct difference in arsenic volatility was observed between the different soil matrices, and the TCLP values for arsenic in the kiln ash of the Superfund soil was affected by the combustion conditions. C1 ACUREX CORP,DIV ENVIRONM SYST,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RP THURNAU, RC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV WASTE MINIMIZAT DESTRUCT & DISPOSAL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HE722 UT WOS:A1992HE72200009 ER PT J AU BARE, JC AF BARE, JC TI SIMULATION RESULTS OF SINGLE REFRIGERANTS FOR USE IN A DUAL-CIRCUIT REFRIGERATOR FREEZER SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note RP BARE, JC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GLOBAL EMISS & CONTROL,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HE722 UT WOS:A1992HE72200010 ER PT J AU PARSONS, GR KEALY, MJ AF PARSONS, GR KEALY, MJ TI RANDOMLY DRAWN OPPORTUNITY SETS IN A RANDOM UTILITY MODEL OF LAKE RECREATION SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Random Utility Models are widely applied in studies of recreation demand. The model is particularly useful when the number of recreation sites from which individuals may choose is large. Yet, when the number gets too large, say in the hundreds, estimation becomes burdensome. We present an analysis suggested by McFadden (1978) for dealing with large numbers of sites. We estimate a model using randomly drawn opportunity sets. We use each person's chosen site plus a random draw of as few as eleven other sites (when hundreds are available) to estimate a plausible behavioral model. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ECON,NEWARK,DE 19711. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. COLGATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,HAMILTON,NY 13346. RP PARSONS, GR (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19711, USA. NR 19 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 68 IS 1 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.2307/3146746 PG 14 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HD580 UT WOS:A1992HD58000009 ER PT J AU TOLBERT, PE SHY, CM ALLEN, JW AF TOLBERT, PE SHY, CM ALLEN, JW TI MICRONUCLEI AND OTHER NUCLEAR ANOMALIES IN BUCCAL SMEARS - METHODS DEVELOPMENT SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CYTOGENETICS; MICRONUCLEUS TESTS; MUTAGENICITY TESTS; RADIATION EFFECTS ID EXFOLIATED CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORAL-MUCOSA; LYMPHOCYTES; CANCER; ASSAY; ABERRATIONS; TOBACCO AB Laboratory work aimed at improving the epidemiologic utility of an innovative genotoxicity assay is described. The exfoliated cell micronucleus assay involves microscopic analysis of epithelial smears to determine the prevalence of micronucleation, an indicator of structural or numerical chromosome aberrations. While the assay holds promise for the study of epithelial carcinogens, it is hampered by the fact that exfoliated cells are moribund and undergo degenerative phenomena that can produce extranuclear objects difficult to distinguish from classical micronuclei. Modifications in the protocol were assessed in sample buccal smears from several study populations: radiotherapy patients, nonusers of tobacco, and snuff users. Refinements in micronucleus scoring criteria and the inclusion of other nuclear anomalies in the scoring system are proposed. We demonstrate that our criteria are successful in detecting excess micronucleation in positive controls. We also provide evidence that other nuclear anomalies are at least as common as micronucleation and that therefore there is the potential for extensive misclassification. Reliability was assessed in duplicate readings. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [5-T32-CA09330] NR 33 TC 271 Z9 288 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD FEB PY 1992 VL 271 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0165-1161(92)90033-I PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HD704 UT WOS:A1992HD70400007 PM 1371831 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, WE MUNCH, JW RINGHAND, HP KAYLOR, WH MITCHELL, DE AF COLEMAN, WE MUNCH, JW RINGHAND, HP KAYLOR, WH MITCHELL, DE TI OZONATION POST-CHLORINATION OF HUMIC-ACID - A MODEL FOR PREDICTING DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE OZONE; OZONATION; CHLORINATION; HUMIC ACID; DRINKING WATER; OZONATION POST-CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ALDEHYDES; CARBONYL COMPOUND ANALYSIS; GC MS ANALYSIS; MX; MUTAGENIC COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BROMIDE ION ID CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; OZONE; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE; NAPHTHORESORCINOL; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENICITY; EXTRACTS; KINETICS; BROMINE AB Experiments were performed to evaluate disinfection by-products in model humic acid solutions which were ozonated at three different ozone to carbon levels and then chlorinated. These experiments were conducted in order to help understand whether the ozone/post-chlorination process alters the amount and type of mutagenic by-products formed, from those produced by chlorination of humic acid alone. Disinfection by-products were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Samples of clarified and sand-filtered Mississippi River water at a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, that were ozonated and post-disinfected with chlorine, also were analyzed by GC/MS. A comparison of the by-products in the pilot plant study versus those in our laboratory study showed that similar compounds were produced. The effect of bromide ion in the pilot plant water on by-product formation also is discussed. RP COLEMAN, WE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,ANALYT STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 14 IS 1 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1080/01919519208552317 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HD232 UT WOS:A1992HD23200005 ER PT J AU GUZELIAN, PS HENRY, CJ FARLAND, WH OLIN, SS AF GUZELIAN, PS HENRY, CJ FARLAND, WH OLIN, SS TI DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS RISK ASSESSMENT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 ILSI RISK SCI INST,WASHINGTON,DC. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP GUZELIAN, PS (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DIV CLIN TOXICOL & ENVIRONM MED,RICHMOND,VA 23298, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1992 VL 89 IS 2 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HD255 UT WOS:A1992HD25500043 PM 1734414 ER PT J AU WALSH, GE WEBER, DE ESRY, LK NGUYEN, MT NOLES, J ALBRECHT, B AF WALSH, GE WEBER, DE ESRY, LK NGUYEN, MT NOLES, J ALBRECHT, B TI SYNTHETIC SUBSTRATA FOR PROPAGATION AND TESTING OF SOIL AND SEDIMENT ORGANISMS SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SYNTHETIC SUBSTRATA; ORGANIC MATTER; TESTS; SUBMERSED; WETLAND; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; EARTHWORM; CRUSTACEA; VERTEBRATA ID ARTIFICIAL SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA AB A method for formulation of synthetic substrata (soil and sediments) is given. Submersed, wetland, and terrestrial plants, earthworms, crustaceans, and vertebrates were maintained on synthetic substrata composed of various amounts of commercially available sand, clay, silt, and particulate and dissolved organic matter. Total organic matter of the synthetic substrata were 3, 5, 7.5, and 10% by weight. All test species survived and grew well in the substrata. It is suggested that synthetic substrata have advantages over natural substrata in laboratory tests with plants and animals. Among the advantages are: synthetic sediments may be formulated for specific studies, differences in texture and chemical characteristics between batches are minimized, and the substrata are not contaminated by anthropogenic substances as are many natural soils and sediments. C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PD FEB PY 1992 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA HL613 UT WOS:A1992HL61300001 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, JS AF HOFFMAN, JS TI POLLUTION PREVENTION AS A MARKET-ENHANCING STRATEGY - A STOREHOUSE OF ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL OPPORTUNITIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COLLOQUIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY CY MAY 20-21, 1991 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, DC HO NATL ACAD SCI DE ENERGY; EFFICIENCY; LIGHTING AB EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency) Green Lights Program for energy-efficient lighting illustrates the economic benefits and the market-transforming value of a pollution prevention philosophy. Using technologies available today, and assuming current prices, this program is expected to reduce air pollution 5 %, while saving the nation's businesses up to $20 billion in electric bills every year. However, these pollution prevention and savings estimates may be low. As Green Lights transforms the market for lighting services by creating a higher demand for better technologies at lower costs. the program will likely achieve even larger pollution reductions and electricity savings. RP HOFFMAN, JS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GLOBAL CHANGE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 3 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.3.832 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HC385 UT WOS:A1992HC38500010 PM 11607262 ER PT J AU SJOBLAD, RD MCCLINTOCK, JT ENGLER, R AF SJOBLAD, RD MCCLINTOCK, JT ENGLER, R TI TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROTEIN-COMPONENTS OF BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDE PRODUCTS SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SJOBLAD, RD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0273-2300(92)90078-N PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HB585 UT WOS:A1992HB58500002 PM 1553409 ER PT J AU CURRAN, PJ DUNGAN, JL MACLER, BA PLUMMER, SE PETERSON, DL AF CURRAN, PJ DUNGAN, JL MACLER, BA PLUMMER, SE PETERSON, DL TI REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF FRESH WHOLE LEAVES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CHEMICAL CONCENTRATION SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CANOPY CHEMISTRY; FOREST CANOPY; SPECTROMETRY AB In an effort to further develop the methods needed to remotely sense the biochemical content of plant canopies, we report the results of an experiment to relate the concentrations of chlorophyll, protein, starch, sugar, amaranthin, and water in fresh whole leaves to their reflectance at wavelengths throughout the visible and near infrared. This is an analysis of laboratory data from a previously reported experiment (Curran et al., 1991) in which 163 freshly excised leaves of the plant Amaranthus tricolor were measured for reflectance and biochemical content. Stepwise regression was used to generate an equation for the estimation of chemical concentration from derivative reflectance in selected wavelengths. The reduction of instrument noise through Fourier filtering and a sample control procedure to minimize spectral overlap had little effect on the correlation between derivative reflectance in selected wavelengths and chemical concentration but did enable absorption features attributable to sugar and protein to be detected. However, the minimization of spectral overlap did increase the number of wavelengths attributable to known absorption features that were selected by stepwise procedures. Using only derivative reflectance in wavelengths that were attributable to absorption by the chemical of interest, the coefficients of determination (R2) between estimated and measured concentrations of chlorophyll, amaranthin, starch, and water were 0.82 or above, with root-mean square errors that were 12.5% of the median or less. C1 TGS TECHNOL INC,MOFFETT FIELD,CA. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. US EPA,DRINKING WATER BRANCH W-6-1,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. BRITISH NATL SPACE CTR,REMOTE SENSING APPL DEV UNIT,HUNTINGDON,CAMBS,ENGLAND. RP CURRAN, PJ (reprint author), UNIV COLL SWANSEA,DEPT GEOG,SINGLETON PK,SWANSEA SA2 8PP,W GLAM,WALES. RI Dungan, Jennifer/G-9921-2016 OI Dungan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4863-1616 NR 36 TC 150 Z9 166 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 39 IS 2 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90133-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HE859 UT WOS:A1992HE85900006 ER PT J AU MULLEN, MD WOLF, DC BEVERIDGE, TJ BAILEY, GW AF MULLEN, MD WOLF, DC BEVERIDGE, TJ BAILEY, GW TI SORPTION OF HEAVY-METALS BY THE SOIL FUNGI ASPERGILLUS-NIGER AND MUCOR-ROUXII SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; CELL-WALLS; BIOMASS; REMOVAL; CADMIUM; ADSORPTION; RETENTION; POLYMERS; BINDING AB Sorption of the nitrate salts of cadmium(II), copper(II), lanthanum(III) and silver(I) by two fungi, Aspergillus niger and Mucor rouxii, was evaluated using Freundlich adsorption isotherms and energy dispersive X-ray electron microscopy. The linearized Freundlich isotherm described the metal sorption data well for metal concentrations of 5-mu-m-1 mm metal. Differences in metal binding were observed among metals, as well as between fungal species- Calculated Freundlich K values indicated that metal binding decreased in the order La3+ greater-than-or-equal-to Ag+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+. However, sorption of Ag+ was greater than that of La3+ from solutions of 0.1 and 1 mm metal and likely due to precipitation at the cell wall surface. At the 1 mm initial concentration, there were no significant differences between the two fungi in metal sorption, except for Ag+ binding. At the 5-mu-m concentration, there was no difference between the fungi in their sorption capacities for the four metals. Electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that silver precipitated onto cells as colloidal silver. The results indicate that Freundlich isotherms may be useful for describing short-term metal sorption by fungal biomass and for comparison with other soil constituents in standardized systems. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV GUELPH,COLL BIOL SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MULLEN, MD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE MARTIN,MARTIN AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MARTIN,TN 38238, USA. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90268-3 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HG792 UT WOS:A1992HG79200008 ER PT J AU OFLAHERTY, EJ SCOTT, W SCHREINER, C BELILES, RP AF OFLAHERTY, EJ SCOTT, W SCHREINER, C BELILES, RP TI A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED KINETIC-MODEL OF RAT AND MOUSE GESTATION - DISPOSITION OF A WEAK ACID SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-FLOW; PREGNANT RAT; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PRENATAL GROWTH; CONSCIOUS RAT; MICROSPHERES; LACTATION; NUMBER; PH C1 CHILDRENS HOSP RES FDN,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP OFLAHERTY, EJ (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,3223 EDEN AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 112 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90194-W PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HF044 UT WOS:A1992HF04400011 PM 1539162 ER EF