FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Smithson, AG Hamza, K Saitou, K AF Smithson, Arlene G. Hamza, Karim Saitou, Kazuhiro GP ASME TI Design for existing lines: Part and process plan optimization to best utilize existing production lines SO DETC 2005: ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID MANUFACTURABILITY ANALYSIS; GROUP-TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEM AB This paper presents a method for modifying the design of the new part for the maximum utilization of existing production lines dedicated to other products. The method takes as inputs a nominal part design and the process information of the (potentially multiple) existing line(s), and produces a modified part design and a process sequence of the new part that maximizes the utilization of available manufacturing processes in the existing lines or equivalently minimizes the addition of new processes dedicated to the new product. The problem is formulated as mixed discrete-continuous multi-objective optimization and a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to generate Pareto optimal designs. A case study on the production of a new machine bracket considering two available production lines is presented. C1 US EPA, NVFE Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Saitou, K (reprint author), US EPA, NVFE Lab, 2565 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RI Saitou, Kazuhiro/A-1008-2008 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4741-1 PY 2005 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFM23 UT WOS:000243032900044 ER PT J AU Geller, AM Sutton, LD Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Madden, V Peiffer, RL AF Geller, AM Sutton, LD Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Madden, V Peiffer, RL TI Repeated spike exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos interferes with the recovery of visual sensitivity in rats SO DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; dark adaptation; electroretinogram; ocular toxicity; organophosphorous insecticide; vision ID DEVELOPMENTAL LEAD-EXPOSURE; DARK-ADAPTATION; RETINAL DEGENERATION; MACULAR DEGENERATION; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; LIGHT ADAPTATION; PESTICIDE; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; CHOLINESTERASE; AGE AB Reports from Japan and India and data submissions to the US EPA indicate that exposure to cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting organophosphorous insecticides (OP) can produce ocular toxicity, in particular long-lasting changes in retinal physiology and anatomy. We have examined the effects of a I year dietary exposure to the OP chlorpyrifos (CPF) on retinal structure and function. Adult male Long-Evans rats were fed CPF in their diet at the rate of 0, 1 (low), or 5 (high) mg/kg body weight/day. In addition, half of each feeding group received an oral (spike) dose of CPF in corn oil (45 mg/kg) or corn oil (VEH) alone every 2 months, resulting in six exposure groups: Control-VEH, Control-CPF, Low-VEH, Low-CPF, High-VEH, and High-CPF. Dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERG) were measured 3-5 months (n = 15-18/group) after the completion of dosing. There were no significant differences between dose or spike groups in a-wave, b-wave, or oscillatory potential amplitudes or implicit times. In addition, the time course of dark adaptation were measured in a subset of these rats (6-8/group) eight months after the completion of dosing by determining the flash intensity needed to elicit a 40 RV b-wave at selected intervals after bleaching 90% of the photopigment. Rats receiving the episodic oral spike of CPF showed a slowed recovery of dark-adapted sensitivity compared to rats receiving the corn oil VEH across chronic dosing conditions. No effects were seen on retinal morphology. This result suggests that episodic high dose exposures to CPF may result in altered retinal function. This effect, akin to effects seen in aging humans and humans exposed to other ChE-inhibiting compounds, may reflect alterations in the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex necessary for regenerating photopigment. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Geller, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, MD B305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geller.andrew@epa.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-4486 J9 DOC OPHTHALMOL JI Doc. Ophthalmol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10633-005-7347-8 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 987OY UT WOS:000233528400008 PM 16249959 ER PT J AU Geller, AM Hudnell, HK Vaughn, BV Messenheimer, JA Boyes, WK AF Geller, AM Hudnell, HK Vaughn, BV Messenheimer, JA Boyes, WK TI Epilepsy and medication effects on the pattern visual evoked potential SO DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE carbamazepine; epilepsy; GABA; valproate; vision; visual evoked potential ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; SPATIAL-FREQUENCY ADAPTATION; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; DISCRETE BRAIN-AREAS; CAT STRIATE CORTEX; SODIUM VALPROATE; RECEPTIVE-FIELDS; VINYL GABA; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; GENERALIZED EPILEPSY AB Visual disruption in patients diagnosed with epilepsy may be attributable to either the disease itself or to the anti-epileptic drugs prescribed to control the seizures. Effects on visual function may be due to perturbations of the GABAergic neurotransmitter system, since deficits in GABAergic cortical interneurons have been hypothesized to underlie some forms of epilepsy, some anti-epileptic medications increase cortical GABA levels, and GABAergic neural circuitry plays an important role in mediating the responses of cells in the visual cortex and retina. This paper characterizes the effects of epilepsy and epilepsy medications on the visual evoked response to patterned stimuli. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (VEP) evoked by onset-offset modulation of high-contrast sine-wave stimuli were measured in 24 control and 54 epileptic patients. Comparisons of VEP spectral amplitude as a function of spatial frequency were made between controls, complex partial, and generalized epilepsy groups. The effects of the GABA-active medication valproate were compared to those of carbamezepine. The amplitude of the fundamental (F1) component of the VEP was found to be sensitive to epilepsy type. Test subjects with generalized epilepsy had F1 spatial frequency-amplitude functions with peaks shifted to lower spatial frequencies relative to controls and test subjects with complex partial epilepsy. This shift may be due to reduced intracortical inhibition in the subjects with generalized epilepsy. The second harmonic component (172) response was sensitive to medication effects. Complex partial epilepsy patients on VPA therapies showed reduced F2 response amplitude across spatial frequencies, consistent with previous findings that showed the F2 response is sensitive to GABA-ergic effects on transient components of the VEP. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Neurol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Glaxo SmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Geller, AM (reprint author), B305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geller.andrew@epa.gov NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-4486 J9 DOC OPHTHALMOL JI Doc. Ophthalmol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10633-005-7350-0 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 987OY UT WOS:000233528400012 PM 16249963 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Compton, JE Hedin, LO AF Perakis, SS Compton, JE Hedin, LO TI Nitrogen retention across a gradient of N-15 additions to an unpolluted temperate forest soil in Chile SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonium nitrate; dissolved organic nitrogen; nitrification; nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogen saturation; N-15 stable isotope; nutrient budget; old-growth temperate forest; roots; soil organic matter ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH; CONIFER FORESTS; RED ALDER; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION; BIOMASS; PINE; NITRIFICATION AB Accelerated nitrogen (N) inputs can drive nonlinear changes in N cycling, retention, and loss in forest ecosystems. Nitrogen processing in soils is critical to understanding these changes, since soils typically are the largest N sink in forests. To elucidate soil mechanisms that underlie shifts in N cycling across a wide gradient of N supply, we added (NH4NO3)-N-15-N-15 at nine treatment levels ranging in geometric sequence from 0.2 kg to 640 kg N(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1) to an unpolluted old-growth temperate forest in southern Chile. We recovered roughly half of N-15 tracers in 0-25 cm of soil, primarily in the surface 10 cm. Low to moderate rates of N supply failed to stimulate N leaching, which suggests that most unrecovered N-15 was transferred from soils to unmeasured sinks above ground. However, soil solution losses of nitrate in creased sharply at inputs > 160 kg N(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1), corresponding to a threshold of elevated soil N availability and declining N-15 retention in soil. Soil organic matter (<5.6 mm) dominated tracer retention at low rates of N input, but coarse roots and particulate organic matter became increasingly important at higher N supply. Coarse roots and particulate organic matter together accounted for 38% of recovered N-15 in soils at the highest N inputs and may explain a substantial fraction of the "missing N" often reported in studies of fates of N inputs to forests. Contrary to expectations, N additions did not stimulate gross N cycling, potential nitrification, or ammonium oxidizer populations. Our results indicate that the nonlinearity in N retention and loss resulted directly from excessive N supply relative to sinks, independent of plant-soil-microbial feedbacks. However, N additions did induce a sharp decrease in microbial biomass C:N that is predicted by N saturation theory, and which could increase long-term N storage in soil organic matter by lowering the critical C:N ratio for net N mineralization. All measured sinks accumulated N-15 tracers across the full gradient of N supply, suggesting that short-term nonlinearity in N retention resulted from saturation of uptake kinetics, not uptake capacity, in plant, soil, and microbial pools. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu NR 45 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1890/04-0415 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894KX UT WOS:000226791700011 ER PT S AU Hutch, DJ AF Hutch, DJ BE Tiezzi, E Brebbia, CA Jorgensen, SE Gomar, DA TI Linking equitable redevelopment to reduced damages from metropolitan sprawl SO Ecosystems and Sustainable Development V SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Ecosystems and Sustainable Development CY MAY 03-05, 2005 CL Cadiz, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz, Univ Siena DE sustainable development; urban redevelopment; smart growth; brownfields; environmental justice; urban planning; growth management; fiscal impact; land use; equity AB New business, real estate and public investment dollars are skewed towards the predominantly white outlying suburbs, which fuels metropolitan sprawl, development of green spaces, and loss of farms. Many U.S. centre-cities are relegated to a preponderance of abandoned and potentially contaminated properties or brownfields. This unequal outward expansion is caused, in part, by unfair zoning and real estate practices that result in decreased development choices and increased social and economic inequality. Under-utilization of existing infrastructure potentially results in hundreds of billions of :dollars in inefficiencies due to added costs and under-utilized capital. Exclusionary zoning, often based on minimum lot size requirements per household or exclusions of multifamily or accessory housing units, results in non market limits to affordable housing. Unlike Europe's transit oriented developments, dispersed development in the U.S. increases automobile reliance and associated mobile source pollutants. Smart growth policies and brownfield redevelopment in the U.S. can help redress one-sided investment practices that have directed development and jobs away from older and poorer communities. However, market processes are distorted to under-price sprawling greenfield development, leading to sub-optimal land consumption and allocation of resources affecting the environment, community and regional economies, whilst exacerbating social-economic inequalities. More equitable urban redevelopment efforts can strengthen existing communities while promoting improved regional environmental performance along with fiscal and economic benefits. C1 Univ Chicago, US EPA, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-013-6 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 81 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCP79 UT WOS:000230620300022 ER PT S AU Walters, DM Freeman, MC Leigh, DS Freeman, BJ Pringle, CM AF Walters, DM Freeman, MC Leigh, DS Freeman, BJ Pringle, CM BE Brown, LR Gray, RH Hughes, RM Meador, MR TI Urbanization effects on fishes and habitat quality in a southern Piedmont River basin SO EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON STREAM ECOSYSTEMS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Urbanization on Aquatic Ecosystems CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Water Qual Sect ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HISTORICAL CHANGES; WISCONSIN STREAMS; URBAN-DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; ASSEMBLAGES AB We quantified the relationships among urban land cover, fishes, and habitat quality to determine how fish assemblages respond to urbanization and if a habitat index can be used as an indirect measure of urban effects on stream ecosystems. We sampled 30 wadeable streams along an urban gradient (5-37% urban land cover) in the Etowah River basin, Georgia. Fish assemblages, sampled by electrofishing standardized stream reaches, were assessed using species richness, density and species composition metrics. Habitat quality was scored using the Rapid Habitat Assessment Protocol (RHAP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Urban land cover (including total, high-, and low-density urban) was estimated for the drainage basin above each reach. A previous study of these sites indicated that stream slope and basin area were strongly related to local variation in assemblage structure. We used multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis to account for this variation and isolate the urban effect on fishes. The MLR models indicated that urbanization lowered species richness and density and led to predictable changes in species composition. Darters and sculpin, cyprinids, and endemics declined along the urban gradient whereas centrarchids persisted and became the dominant group. The RHAP was not a suitable indicator of urban effects because RHAP-urban relationships were confounded by an overriding influence of stream slope on RHAP scores, and urban-related changes in Fish assemblage structure preceded gross changes in stream habitat quality. Regression analysis indicated that urban effects on fishes accrue rapidly (< 10 years) and are detectable at low levels (similar to 5-10% urbanization). We predict that the decline of endemics and other species will continue and centrarchid-dominated streams will become more common as development proceeds within the Etowah basin. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Stop 642,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-73-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 47 BP 69 EP 85 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDO82 UT WOS:000234567200006 ER PT S AU Lin, CJ Ambrose, RF AF Lin, CJ Ambrose, RF BE Brown, LR Gray, RH Hughes, RM Meador, MR TI Relations between fish assemblages and urbanization in Southern California coastal streams SO EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON STREAM ECOSYSTEMS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Urbanization on Aquatic Ecosystems CY AUG 11-12, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Water Qual Sect ID WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITIES; INDEX AB Data collected as part of two studies to examine the influences of landscape modification on the ecology of three coastal Southern California river systems-the Calleguas Creek, Malibu Creek, and Santa Clara River watersheds-provided the opportunity to examine relations between urbanization and fish assemblages in Southern California coastal streams. Fish were collected at 63 sites from 1999 to 2001. Watershed land use was determined and classified into three land use types: agriculture, developed, and open space. Seven fish assemblage metrics were examined, including species richness, number of native and alien species, total fish abundance, percent abundance of native and alien species, and percent abundance of arroyo chub Gila orcuttii. Ten fish species were collected, and arroyo chub was the only species collected in all three watersheds. Native species included arroyo chub, threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Pacific staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus. There were no significant differences in fish assemblage metrics among the three land-use types. Both wetted stream width and depth were significantly related to native fish abundance. Results from this study suggest that the relatively species poor fish assemblages of Southern California may not be sensitive to watershed land use disturbance, but may be sensitive to local hydrologic conditions. C1 US EPA, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 9,600 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 1460, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. EM lin.cindy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-73-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 47 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDO82 UT WOS:000234567200014 ER PT S AU Tang, T Claggett, M Byun, J Roberts, M Granell, J Aspy, DE AF Tang, T Claggett, M Byun, J Roberts, M Granell, J Aspy, DE GP TRB TI MOBILE6.2 modeling of exhaust air toxic emission factors - Trend and sensitivity analysis SO ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 2005 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The newly released MOBILE6.2 has incorporated both air toxic and particulate matter emission factor modeling functions. A series of test runs were performed to gain a better understanding of the air toxic modeling function and overall model behavior. These test runs and scenarios evaluated the changes in emission factors of all six built-in air toxic compounds as affected by vehicle activities, fuel physical properties, fuel chemical compositions, oxygenated fuel additives, and environmental conditions. Results obtained indicate that exhaust emission factors for acrolein, acetaldehyde, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and methyl tertiary butyl ether are inversely proportional to freeway and arterial vehicle speeds. This phenomenon follows the trend of total organic gas emission factors. Effects from roadway facility differences indicated that the higher the percentage of vehicle miles traveled on a freeway, the lower the air toxic emission factors on a per vehicle mile traveled basis. Exhaust air toxic emission factors increase when fuel Reid vapor pressure value and sulfur content increase. Diesel sulfur content has no effect on the six toxic compound emission factors. Effects from fuel chemical compositions on all emission factors varied. However, chemical compositions do have significant effects on all air toxic compound emission factors. On the same note, both minimum and maximum temperatures affect all air toxic emissions significantly. The time series evaluation indicates that all six tested air toxic compound emissions decrease linearly from the year 2002 to 2020. C1 Off Freight Management & Operat, Washington, DC 20590 USA. FHWA, Resource Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Tang, T (reprint author), Off Freight Management & Operat, 400 7th St SW, Washington, DC 20590 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09416-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1941 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEG19 UT WOS:000237195300012 ER PT J AU Mallampalli, N Gould, F Barbosa, P AF Mallampalli, N Gould, F Barbosa, P TI Predation of Colorado potato beetle eggs by a polyphagous ladybeetle in the presence of alternate prey: potential impact on resistance evolution SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla maculata; transgenic potato; predator-prey interactions; susceptible population; refuge ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; HOST PLANTS; COCCINELLIDAE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; APHIDS; DENSITY AB The influence of prey choice on the predation of a target prey item by a polyphagous insect predator was investigated in field plot studies. The target prey consisted of eggs of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the predator was the 12-spotted ladybeetle, Coleomegilla maculata Lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Eggs of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and nymphs and adults of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae), comprised the alternative prey choices. The objectives of these studies were to: (1) examine predation in a multiprey scenario likely to occur in an agroecosystem, and (2) use the data to simulate the impact of predator-induced mortality on the evolution of resistance to Bt-transgenic plants in the target herbivore. Simulations of the rate of resistance evolution were carried out using a deterministic genetic model. Experiments were performed using potato field plots planted in a manner reflecting a 25% or 50% non-transgenic refuge. CPB eggs were infested so as to mimic the densities of resistant and susceptible populations that might occur in commercial Bt-transgenic plantings. Densities of predators and alternate prey species were chosen to represent those that might typically occur in potato crops in the eastern USA. Simulation results indicated that when ECB eggs were present, predation on CPB eggs either became inversely spatially density-dependent, or increased significantly in a density-dependent manner. When aphids were present, predation became positively density-dependent. Model simulations predicted that ECB egg presence is beneficial, in that resistance was delayed by up to 40 pest generations (as compared to the scenario with CPB as the only prey), while aphid presence accelerated resistance evolution by 18 generations. Results suggest that resistance management strategies should take into account the composition of prey species available to generalist predators typically present, so as to best delay pest adaptation to Bt-toxins. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mallampalli, N (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 7503C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mallampalli.nikhil@epa.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 114 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2005.00232.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 888FW UT WOS:000226360600005 ER PT J AU Adair, BM Waters, SB Devesa, V Drobna, Z Styblo, M Thomas, DJ AF Adair, BM Waters, SB Devesa, V Drobna, Z Styblo, M Thomas, DJ TI Commonalities in metabolism of arsenicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE arsenic; bioavailability; contaminant uptake; metabolism-affecting agents ID RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; CELLULAR-METABOLISM; DRINKING-WATER; IN-VITRO; ARSENOBETAINE; TRIMETHYLARSINE; ARSENOCHOLINE; INGESTION; EXCRETION; OXIDATION AB Elucidating the pathway of inorganic arsenic metabolism shows that some of methylated arsenicals formed as intermediates and products are reactive and toxic species. Hence, methylated arsenicals likely mediate at least some of the toxic and carcinogenic effects associated with exposure to arsenic. Trimethylarsonium compounds and arsenosugars are two other classes of arsenicals to which humans are routinely exposed and there is evidence that both classes are metabolized to produce methylated arsenicals. Here, we review evidence for production of methylated metabolism and consider the challenges posed in unraveling a complex web for metabolism of arsenicals in humans. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epamail.epa.gov RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1071/EN05054 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014PG UT WOS:000235491600004 ER PT J AU Vallero, DA AF Vallero, DA TI Factors in geotropospheric particle-gas transport of semivolatile organic compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle; aerosol; semivolatile organic compound; soil matrix; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; dicarboximides; tropospheric flux; phase distribution; Henry's Law constant; particle-gas partitioning coefficient ID FUNGICIDE VINCLOZOLIN; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOIL; DEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; AIR AB Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) can exist in solid, liquid, or gas phases under ambient environmental conditions. The geotropospheric transport of SVOCs varies according to the particle type. Two classes of SVOCs and two types of particles were analyzed to determine possible transport mechanisms to the troposphere: dicarboximide compounds moving from a soil matrix to the troposphere and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from airborne particles to the troposphere. Both classes of compounds are considered to be SVOCs, since their vapor pressures under most environmental conditions range between 10(-2) to 10(-5) kP. The dicarboximide results were obtained from a laboratory chamber designed and used to determine the headspace flux of the dicarboximide fungicide. vinclozolin [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyl-oxzoli-dine-2,4-dione]. and its three principal degradation products from chamber surfaces, sand, and sterilized and nonsterile North Carolina Piedmont aquic hapludult soils following dicarboximide applications. The PAH results were gathered from a high-volume air-sampling system used to measure particle and gas phase concentrations of SVOCs in the plume downwind from the World Trade Center fire. The comparison indicates that SVOC transport from the soil matrix can be influenced by the type and size of particles, their chemical composition.. pH. oxygen. and microbial action. The study indicates that in the troposphere, molecular weight and structure are the principal factors affecting the geotropospheric flux of SVOCs from the particle to gas phase. Although experimentally determined equilibrium constants are more robust predictors of phase distribution in the troposphere (r(2) = 0.81), published Henry's Law and vapor pressure constants also relate to particle-gas phase distribution (r(2) = 0.73 and 0.72, respectively). C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vallero, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Vallero.daniel@epa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1089/ees.2005.22.109 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885ZT UT WOS:000226196600009 ER PT S AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, SD BE Aral, MM Brebbia, CA Maslia, ML Sinks, T TI Emerging drinking water disinfection by-products and new health issues SO Environmental Exposure and Health SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Exposure and Health CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Georgia Tech, WIT Transact Ecol Environm AB Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are of concern because some epidemiologic studies have shown that some DBPs are associated with cancer or adverse reproductive/developmental effects in human populations, and other studies have shown that certain DBPs cause similar health effects in laboratory animals. As a result, the U.S. EPA has regulated several DBPs. However, more than 500 DBPs have been reported in drinking water for which little or no occurrence and health data exist. As a result, we recently conducted a nationwide study to obtain occurrence data for unregulated, high priority DBPs that were predicted to cause adverse health effects. The goal of this work was to determine how often and at what levels these DBPs occurred, so that DBPs could be prioritized for future health effects studies. In addition to providing important quantitative information on these unregulated, priority DBPs, we discovered that many of the priority DBPs were formed at higher levels with alternative disinfectants than with chlorine. Also, new iodo-acid DBPs were identified for the first time-and one of these-iodoacetic acid has been shown to be more genotoxic than all of the other haloacid DBPs currently regulated. New research includes toxicological and quantitative occurrence measurements for the five iodo-acids identified. In addition, another EPA study (the Four Lab Study), which involves the chemical and toxicological evaluation of complex drinking water mixtures treated with chlorine and alternative disinfectants, will be briefly discussed, along with other important new health effects information. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30601 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-029-2 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2005 VL 85 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BEE01 UT WOS:000236906600010 ER PT J AU Walker, NJ Crockett, PW Nyska, A Brix, AE Jokinen, MP Sells, DM Hailey, JR Easterling, M Haseman, JK Yin, M Wyde, ME Bucher, JR Portier, CJ AF Walker, NJ Crockett, PW Nyska, A Brix, AE Jokinen, MP Sells, DM Hailey, JR Easterling, M Haseman, JK Yin, M Wyde, ME Bucher, JR Portier, CJ TI Dose-additive carcinogenicity of a defined mixture of "dioxin-like compounds" SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE carcinogenicity; dioxin; mixtures; PCBs; persistent organochlorine pollutants; polychlorinated bipheryls; POPs; risk assessment; TEF; toxic equivalency factor ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; CYP1A2 ENZYME-ACTIVITY; FACTORS TEFS; DIBENZOFURANS; PCBS; BIPHENYLS; PCDFS; PCDDS; LIVER; RATS AB Use of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach in human risk assessments assumes that the combined effects of dioxin-like compounds in a mixture can be predicted based on a potency-adjusted dose-additive combination of constituents of the mixture. In this study, we evaluated the TEF approach in experimental 2-year rodent cancer bioassays with female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats receiving 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), or a mixture of the three compounds. Statistically based dose-response modeling indicated that the shape of the dose-response curves for hepatic, lung, and oral mucosal neoplasms was the same in studies of the three individual chemicals and the mixture. In addition, the dose response for the mixture could be predicted from a combination of the potency-adjusted doses of the individual compounds. Finally, we showed that use of the current World Health Organization dioxin TEF values adequately predicted the increased incidence of liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma and cholangiocarcinoma) induced by exposure to the mixture. These data support the use of the TEF approach for dioxin cancer risk assessments. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27705 USA. Constella Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. A Charles River Co, Pathol Associates, Durham, NC USA. Expt Pathol Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Battelle Columbus Labs, Columbus, OH USA. RP Walker, NJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27705 USA. EM walker3@niehs.nih.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855 NR 17 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 885ZQ UT WOS:000226196300028 PM 15626646 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Blair, A Rusiecki, JA Hoppin, JA Svec, M Dosemeci, M Sandler, DP Alavanja, MC AF De Roos, AJ Blair, A Rusiecki, JA Hoppin, JA Svec, M Dosemeci, M Sandler, DP Alavanja, MC TI Cancer incidence among glyphosate-exposed pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; cohort study; farming; glyphosate; pesticide ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; IN-VITRO; ACTIVE INGREDIENT; MICRONUCLEUS TEST; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE; ROUNDUP; MUTAGENICITY AB Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is one of the most frequently applied pesticides in the world. Although there has been little consistent evidence of genotoxicity or carcinogenicity from in vitro and animal studies, a few epidemiologic reports have indicated potential health effects of glyphosate. We evaluated associations between glyphosate exposure and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of 57,311 licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Detailed information on pesticide use and other factors was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed at time of enrollment (1993-1997). Among private and commercial applicators, 75.5% reported having ever used glyphosate, of which > 97% were men. In this analysis, glyphosate exposure was defined as a) ever personally mixed or applied products containing glyphosate; b) cumulative lifetime days of use, or "cumulative exposure days" (years of use X days/year); and c) intensity-weighted cumulative exposure days (years of use X days/year X estimated intensity level). Poisson regression was used to estimate exposure-response relations between glyphosate and incidence of all cancers combined and 12 relatively common cancer subtypes. Glyphosate exposure was not associated with cancer incidence overall or with most of the cancer subtypes we studied. There was a suggested association with multiple myeloma incidence that should be followed up as more cases occur in the AHS. Given the widespread use of glyphosate, future analyses of the AHS will allow further examination of long-term health effects, including less common cancers. C1 Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP De Roos, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4-B874, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM deroos@u.washington.edu OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 NR 56 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 9 U2 70 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 885ZQ UT WOS:000226196300029 PM 15626647 ER PT J AU Hubbell, BJ Hallberg, A McCubbin, DR Post, E AF Hubbell, BJ Hallberg, A McCubbin, DR Post, E TI Health-related benefits of attaining the 8-hr ozone standard SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; benefit analysis; health impact assessment; ozone; standards ID MINNEAPOLIS ST-PAUL; AIR-POLLUTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; DAILY MORTALITY; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; SCHOOL ABSENTEEISM; ASTHMA; VISITS; ASSOCIATIONS; PHILADELPHIA AB During the 2000-2002 time period, between 36 and 56% of ozone monitors each year in the United States faded to meet the current ozone standard of 80 ppb for the fourth highest maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. We estimated the health benefits of attaining the ozone standard at these monitors using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program. We used health impact functions based on published epidemiologic studies, and valuation functions derived from the economics literature. The estimated health benefits for 2000 and 2001 are similar in magnitude, whereas the results for 2002 are roughly twice that of each of the prior 2 years. The simple average of health impacts across the 3 years includes reductions of 800 premature deaths, 4,500 hospital and emergency department admissions, 900,000 school absences, and > 1 million minor restricted activity days. The simple average of benefits (including premature mortality) across the 3 years is $5.7 billion [90% confidence interval (0), 0.6-15-01 for the quadratic rollback simulation method and $4.9 billion (90% CI, 0.5-14.0) for the proportional rollback simulation method. Results are sensitive to the form of the standard and to assumptions about background ozone levels. If the form of the standard is based on the first highest maximum 8-hr concentration, impacts are increased by a factor of 2-3. Increasing the assumed hourly background from zero to 40 ppb reduced impacts by 30 and 60% for the proportional and quadratic attainment simulation methods, respectively. C1 US EPA, OAQPS, Innovat Strategies & Econ Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Hubbell, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, OAQPS, Innovat Strategies & Econ Grp, 4930 Old Page Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA. EM hubbell.bryan@epa.gov OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 55 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 885ZQ UT WOS:000226196300033 PM 15626651 ER PT J AU Yurista, P Kelly, JR Miller, S AF Yurista, P Kelly, JR Miller, S TI Evaluation of optically acquired zooplankton size-spectrum data as a potential tool for assessment of condition in the Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE optical plankton counter; OPC; zooplankton; size spectrum; assessment; Great Lakes ID PLANKTON COUNTER; BODY-SIZE; FRESH-WATER; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; BIOMASS; CALIBRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; AMPHIPOD; DECLINES AB An optical plankton counter (OPC) potentially provides an assessment tool for zooplankton condition in ecosystems that is rapid, economical, and spatially extensive. We collected zooplankton data with an OPC in 20 nearshore regions of 4 of the Laurentian Great Lakes. The zooplankton size information was used to compute mean size, biomass density, and size-spectra parameters for each location. The resulting metrics were analyzed for their ability to discriminate among the Great Lakes. Biomass density provided discrimination among lakes, as did several parameters describing spectra shape and distribution. A proposed zooplankton indicator, mean size (determined with OPC measurements in this study), was found to provide discrimination among lakes. Size-spectra-related parameters added increased ability to discriminate in conjunction with the biomass density (or mean size) metric. A discriminant function analysis of the multiple metrics (mean size, biomass density, and distribution parameters) suggests that a multi metric size-based approach might be used to classify communities among lakes improving a mean-size metric. The feasibility OPCs and size-based metrics for zooplankton assessment was found to have potential for further development as assessment tools for the biological condition of zooplankton communities in the Great Lakes. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0298-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915IT UT WOS:000228298600003 PM 15984062 ER PT J AU Cohen, J Cook, R Bailey, CR Carr, E AF Cohen, J Cook, R Bailey, CR Carr, E TI Relationship between motor vehicle emissions of hazardous pollutants, roadway proximity, and ambient concentrations in Portland, Oregon SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle emissions; pollutants; roadway links ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; TRAFFIC DENSITY; MAJOR HIGHWAY; AIR TOXICS; URBAN AREA; LEUKEMIA; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Previous methodologies for modeling hazardous air pollutant emissions for onroad mobile sources are based on using spatial surrogates to allocate county level emissions to grid cells. A disadvantage of this process is that it spreads onroad emissions throughout a grid cell instead of along actual road locations. Recent air quality modeling in Portland, Oregon, using the CALPUFF dispersion model assigned emissions to specific roadway links. The resulting data were used to develop a regression model to approximate the CALPUFF predicted concentrations, determine the impacts of roadway proximity on ambient concentrations of three hazardous air pollutants, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and diesel PM, and to estimate the zone of influence around roadways. Independent variables in the model included emission rates and traffic volumes for individual roadway links, distance and direction between roadway links and receptors, and distributions of wind speeds and directions. Dependent variables were derived from simulated annual average pollutant concentrations from motor vehicles at modeled receptor locations, predicted using CALPUFF. The regression model had limited capability to predict CALPUFF concentrations with an R-squared value of about 0.6. The model indicated the zone of influence around a roadway as between 200 and 400 m. The results support the thesis that in order to capture localized impacts of hazardous air pollutants in a dispersion model, there is a need to include individual roadway links. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. ICF Consulting, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cook.rich@epa.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.04.002 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864QZ UT WOS:000224649300002 ER PT J AU Santavy, DL Summers, JK Engle, VD Harwell, LC AF Santavy, DL Summers, JK Engle, VD Harwell, LC TI The condition of coral reefs in South Florida (2000) using coral disease and bleaching as indicators SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE assessment; causal bleaching; coral disease; coral reefs; EMAP; Florida Keys; monitoring; paling; reef condition; South Florida ID BLACK-BAND DISEASE; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CARIBBEAN CORALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SAN-BLAS; OUTBREAK; STRESS; KEYS; RECRUITMENT; HYPOTHESIS AB The destruction of coral reef habitats has occurred at unprecedented levels during the last three decades. Coral disease and bleaching in the Caribbean and South Florida have caused extensive coral mortality with limited recovery, often coral reefs are being replaced with turf algae. Acroporids were once dominant corals and have diminished to the state where they are being considered as endangered species. Our survey assessed the condition of reef corals throughout South Florida. A probability- based design produced unbiased estimates of the spatial extent of ecological condition, measured as the absence or presence and frequency or prevalence of coral diseases and bleaching intensity over large geographic regions. This approach allowed us to calculate a quantifiable level of uncertainty. Coral condition was estimated for 4100 hectares ( ha) (or 41.0 km(2)) of coral reefs in South Florida, including reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary ( FKNMS), New Grounds, Dry Tortugas National Park ( DTNP), and Biscayne National Park (BNP). The absence or presence of coral disease, 'causal' coral bleaching, partial bleaching and coral paling were not good indicators of overall coral condition. It was more useful to report the prevalence of anomalies that indicated a compromised condition at both the population and community levels. For example, 79% of the area in South Florida had less than 6% of the coral colonies diseased, whereas only 2.2% (97.15 ha) of the sampled area had a maximum prevalence of 13% diseased coral colonies at any single location. The usefulness of 'causal bleaching' might be more important when considering the prevalence of each of the three different states at a single location. For example, paling was observed over the entire area, whereas bleaching and partial bleaching occurred at 19 and 41% of the area, respectively. An index for coral reef condition might integrate the prevalence and species affected by each bleaching state at individual locations. By establishing these baselines, future surveys can examine changes and trends in the spatial distribution of coral conditions in South Florida and able to score the reefs as to their health status. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Santavy, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM santavy.debbie@epa.gov NR 77 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 129 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-4767-6 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896YK UT WOS:000226970300010 PM 15727304 ER PT J AU Parikh, P Taylor, MA Hoagland, T Thurston, H Shuster, W AF Parikh, P Taylor, MA Hoagland, T Thurston, H Shuster, W TI Application of market mechanisms and incentives to reduce stormwater runoff - An integrated hydrologic, economic and legal approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE stormwater runoff; market mechanisms; local government; water quantity ID LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; URBAN AB Increased stormwater flows are a direct result of urbanization and the consequent increase in the proportion of land area under impervious surface. Due to its contribution to abnormally high stream flows and its role as a carrier of pollutants that degrade water quality, excess stormwater runoff has negative impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In response to the increased magnitude and frequency of stormwater runoff events, municipalities and local governments seek cost-effective strategies to manage the risks associated with these stormwater flows. The goal of a proposed interdisciplinary approach involves providing incentives for the construction of small-scale best management practices throughout a small urban watershed, leading to a cost-effective means to control stormwater runoff, and partially restoring a more natural hydrologic regime to a watershed area. Market mechanisms and other incentives have been suggested as plausible approaches to the reduction of stormwater runoff. Development and implementation of market mechanisms and incentives to reduce stormwater runoff, however, involves interdisciplinary considerations and issues. This paper develops an interdisciplinary view of the stormwater runoff issue, beginning with a brief description of stormwater runoff management from a hydrologic perspective. We then present a background on types of market instruments and their related incentives as possible approaches to reducing the risks associated with both the magnitude and frequency of recurrence for excess stormwater runoff flows. This is followed by an analysis of how the federal Clean Water Act and state water laws have dealt with stormwater issues. These perspectives and methods are synthesized to develop several stormwater management scenarios that include stormwater user fees, stormwater runoff charges, allowance markets, and voluntary offset programs. Each of these programs would likely incorporate stormwater best management practices at the watershed level, yet in different ways, and we discuss the opportunities and limitations borne out of our analysis of the legal, economic, and hydrologic considerations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shuster, W (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shuster.william@epa.gov NR 33 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.01.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930AH UT WOS:000229387600004 ER PT J AU Bell, ML O'Neill, MS Cifuentes, LA Braga, ALF Green, C Nweke, A Rogat, J Sibold, K AF Bell, ML O'Neill, MS Cifuentes, LA Braga, ALF Green, C Nweke, A Rogat, J Sibold, K CA Inter Symposium Socioeconomic Fact TI Challenges and recommendations for the study of socioeconomic factors and air pollution health effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; SELF-REPORTED HEALTH; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; BIOMASS COMBUSTION; COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; EMERGENCY-ROOM; TIME-SERIES; SAO-PAULO AB Persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES) may face higher risk from polluted air. This disproportionate burden may result from elevated exposure, due to proximity to roadways or indoor air pollution from burning of biomass, and from differences in nutrition and access to health care, among other factors. Several studies have explored this topic, however, there remain many unanswered questions. Research on how SES affects the relationship between air pollution and health faces challenges including the choice and interpretation of SES indicators; distinguishing indicators that describe the present state and those that describe historical conditions; the correlation between SES indicators and other variables; differential diagnosis and use of health care services based on SES; and varying perceptions of health. This paper summarizes these and other challenges and provides recommendations for how to move this research forward. Recommendations relate to what geographical locations, health outcomes, and pollutants should be studied; community involvement; choice of socioeconomic indicators; and policy concerns. The conclusions presented here are intended to encourage collaborations to better understand and reduce disparities in environmental health. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Univ Santo Amaro, Sch Med, Environm Pediat Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Lab Expt Air Pollut, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bell, ML (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 205 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM michelle.bell@yale.edu RI Braga, Alfesio/G-6920-2012; Cifuentes, Luis/C-7081-2009 OI Braga, Alfesio/0000-0003-3254-3029; Cifuentes, Luis/0000-0001-7416-5607 NR 70 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.06.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981HG UT WOS:000233077700009 ER PT J AU Kuder, T Wilson, JT Kaiser, P Kolhatkar, R Philp, P Allen, J AF Kuder, T Wilson, JT Kaiser, P Kolhatkar, R Philp, P Allen, J TI Enrichment of stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes during anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE: Microcosm and field evidence SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; IN-SITU DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; AEROBIC MINERALIZATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; CHLORINATED ETHENES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; N-ALKANES; FRACTIONATION AB The conventional approach to evaluate biodegradation of organic contaminants in groundwater is to demonstrate an increase in the concentration of transformation products. This approach is problematic for MTBE from gasoline spills because the primary transformation product (TBA) can also be a component of gasoline. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis may provide a useful alternative to conventional practice. Changes in the delta(13)C and deltaD of MTBE during biodegradation of MTBE in an anaerobic enrichment culture were compared to the delta(13)C and deltaD of MTBE in groundwater at nine gasoline spill-sites. The stable isotopes of hydrogen and carbon were extensively fractionated during anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE. The stable isotope enrichment factor for carbon (epsilon(C)) in the enrichment cultures was -13 (-14.1 to -11.9 at 95% confidence level), and the hydrogen enrichment factor 6) was -16 (-21 to -11 at 95% confidence level). The isotope enrichment factors for carbon and hydrogen during anaerobic biodegradation indicate that the first reaction is enzymatic hydrolysis of the O-C-methyl bond. The ratio of CH to cc was consistent between the enrichment culture and the field site that provided the inoculum, and with the other eight sites, suggesting a common degradation pathway. Compound-specific isotope evidence is discussed in terms of its utility for monitoring in situ biodegradation, in particular, for measuring how much MTBE was degraded. For the studied field sites, significant biodegradation of the original mass of MTBE is suggested, in some cases exceeding 90%. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Atlantic Richfield Co, La Palma, CA 90623 USA. RP Kuder, T (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM tkuder@ou.edu NR 52 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1021/es040420e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 884UM UT WOS:000226112200034 PM 15667097 ER PT J AU Brown, B Heber, M AF Brown, Barbara Heber, Margarete BE Thompson, KC Wadhia, K Loibner, AP TI USA PERSPECTIVE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY TESTING SE Sheffield Analytical Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Heber, Margarete] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-0553-1 J9 SHEFF ANALY CHEM PY 2005 BP 301 EP 309 D2 10.1002/9781444305531 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYB83 UT WOS:000297850300013 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Rosiu, CJ Melancon, MJ Bickham, JW Matson, CW AF Custer, CM Custer, TW Rosiu, CJ Melancon, MJ Bickham, JW Matson, CW TI Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hatching; success; dioxins; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin tree; swallows; Woonasquatucket River ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; 3,3,4,4,5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL PCB 126; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ARDEA-HERODIAS; FOX RIVER; GREEN BAY AB Concentrations of 2,3,7,8 -tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in tree swallows (Tachycineta hicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River northwest of Providence (RI, USA) in 2000 and 2001 were some of the highest ever reported in avian tissues. Mean concentrations in eggs ranged from 300 to > 1,000 pg/g wet weight at the two most contaminated ponds, Allendale and Lyman. Mean egg concentrations at Greystone, the upstream reference pond, were 12 and 29 pg/g. Positive accumulation rates and concentrations in diet samples from 12-day-old nestlings indicated that the contamination was accumulated locally. Concentrations in diet of between 71 and 219 pg/g wet weight were more than 6 and 18 times higher than concentrations considered safe for birds (10- 12 pg/g). Hatching success was negatively associated with concentration of TCDD in eggs. Only about half the eggs hatched at Allendale compared with >77% at Greystone. The national average for hatching success in successful nests is 85%. No other contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury, were present in any sample at concentrations known to affect avian reproduction. Three bioindicators, half-peak coefficient of geometric variation, ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity, and brain asymmetry were assessed relative to TCDD contamination. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04917] NR 68 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 93 EP 109 DI 10.1897/03-682.1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 880XW UT WOS:000225824600013 PM 15683172 ER PT J AU Chang, LW Toth, GP Gordon, DA Graham, DW Meier, JR Knapp, CW deNoyelles, FJ Campbell, S Lattier, DL AF Chang, LW Toth, GP Gordon, DA Graham, DW Meier, JR Knapp, CW deNoyelles, FJ Campbell, S Lattier, DL TI Responses of molecular indicators of exposure in mesocosms: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to the herbicides alachlor and atrazine SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vitellogenin messenger ribonucleic acid; fathead minnow; mesocosm nutrient levels; 17 beta-estradiol; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC FIELD MESOCOSMS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; PESTICIDE CHEMICALS; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; MUTAGENICITY; QUANTITATION; METABOLITES AB Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were treated in aquatic mesocosms with a single pulse of the herbicides atrazine or alachlor to study the bioavailability and biological activity of these herbicides using molecular indicators: Liver vitellogenin gene expression in male fish for estrogenic activity, liver cytochrome P4501A1 gene expression, and DNA damage in blood cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis method. Both alachlor and atrazine showed dose-related increases in DNA strand breaks at environmentally relevant concentrations (<100 ppb). Gene expression indicators showed that neither herbicide had estrogenic activity in the carp, whereas atrazine at concentrations as low as 7 ppb induced cytochrome P4501A1 These results support the study of molecular indicators for exposure in surrogate ecosystems to gauge relevant environmental changes following herbicide treatments. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Lawrence, KS USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Chang, LW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM chang.lina@epa.gov RI Knapp, Charles/D-3373-2009 OI Knapp, Charles/0000-0001-7997-8543 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1897/03-509.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 880XW UT WOS:000225824600024 PM 15683183 ER PT J AU Leino, RL Jensen, KM Ankley, GT AF Leino, RL Jensen, KM Ankley, GT TI Gonadal histology and characteristic histopathology associated with endocrine disruption in the adult fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; ovary; testis; histology; endocrine disruptors ID AROMATASE INHIBITOR FADROZOLE; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; LIFE-CYCLE; CHEMICALS; REPRODUCTION; WILDLIFE; SPERMATOGENESIS; EXPOSURE AB Examination of gonadal histopathology has been beneficial in understanding and assessing die effects of potential endocrine disrupting. chemicals in fish and other organisms. The present study describes the normal gonadal histology of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), a widely used test organism, reviews typical effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals with different modes/mechanisms of action on the histological structure of the ovaries and testes. and recommends methods for optimizing histopathological results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Leino, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM rleino@d.umn.edu NR 38 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.05.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 889UB UT WOS:000226467000009 PM 21783464 ER PT J AU Hagy, JD Boynton, WR Jasinski, DA AF Hagy, JD Boynton, WR Jasinski, DA TI Modelling phytoplankton deposition to Chesapeake Bay sediments during winter-spring: interannual variability in relation to river flow SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; chlorophylls; sinking; deposition; sediments; sediment traps; Chesapeake Bay ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; BENTHIC RESPONSE; RESIDENCE TIMES; TURBULENT FLOWS; TRAP BIASES; BLOOM; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; DIATOM AB The often-rapid deposition of phytoplankton to sediments at the end of the spring phytoplankton bloom is an important component of benthic-pelagic coupling in temperate and high latitude estuaries and other aquatic systems. However, quantifying the flux is difficult, particularly in spatially heterogeneous environments. Surficial sediment chlorophyll-a. which can be measured quickly at many locations, has been used effectively by previous studies as an indicator of phytoplankton deposition to estuarine sediments. In this study, surficial sediment chlorophyll-a was quantified in late spring at 20-50 locations throughout Chesapeake Bay for 8 years (1993-2000). A model was developed to estimate chlorophyll-a deposition to sediments using these measurements, while accounting for chlorophyll-a degradation during the time between deposition and sampling. Carbon flux was derived from these estimates via C:chl-a = 75. Bay-wide, the accumulation of chlorophyll-a on sediments by late spring averaged 171 mg m(-2), from which the chlorophyll-a and carbon sinking fluxes, respectively, were estimated to be 353 mg m(-2) and 26.5 gC m(-2). These deposition estimates were similar to50% of estimates based on a sediment trap study in the mid-Bay. During 1993-2000. the highest average chlorophyll-a flux was in the mid-Bay (248 mg m(-2)), while the lowest was in the lower Bay (191 mg m(-2)). Winter-spring average river flow was positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass in the lower Bay water column, while phytoplankton biomass in that same region of the Bay was correlated with increased chlorophyll-a deposition to sediments. Responses in other regions of the Bay were less clear and suggested that the concept that nutrient enrichment in high flow years leads to greater phytoplankton deposition to sediments may be an oversimplification. A comparison of the carbon flux associated with the deposition of the spring bloom with annual benthic carbon budgets indicated that the spring bloom did not contribute a disproportionately large fraction of annual carbon inputs to Chesapeake Bay sediments. Regional patterns in chlorophyll-a deposition did not correspond with the strong regional patterns that have been found for plankton net community metabolism during spring. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Hagy, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM hagy.jim@epa.gov RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012 NR 46 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.08.004 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 888UO UT WOS:000226399900003 ER PT J AU Abdelrhman, MA AF Abdelrhman, MA TI Simplified modeling of flushing and residence times in 42 embayments in New England, USA, with special attention to Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modeling; embayments; hydrodynamics; flushing time; local residence time ID BEDFORD-HARBOR; MASSACHUSETTS; ESTUARIES; SCALES; WATER; AGE AB A simplified protocol has been developed to meet the need for modeling hydrodynamics and transport in large numbers of embayments quickly and reliably. The procedure is illustrated with 42 embayments in southern New England, USA, giving special attention to Greenwich Bay, RI. The methodology uses simplifying assumptions. It efficiently uses available information wherever possible, and invokes experience where data are unavailable. It uses two-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport models to simulate tidal and subtidal circulation, flushing times. local residence times, and the distributions of conservative constituents over individual embayments. Preliminary results for a subset of the systems compare favorably with published values. The full set of results reveals relationships between flushing times and physical properties of the embayments. A set of relationships to estimate flushing and maximum residence times from the length and surface area of embayments in southern New England is also presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Abdelrhman, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM abdelrhman.mohamed@epa.gov NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.09.021 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 888UO UT WOS:000226399900027 ER PT B AU Lewis, MA AF Lewis, MA BE Bortone, SA TI Sediment habitat assessment for targeted near-coastal areas SO ESTUARINE INDICATORS SE MARINE SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Estuarine Indicators Workshop CY OCT 29-31, 2003 CL Sanibel Isl, FL SP S Florida Water Management Dist, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Charlotte Harbor Natl Estuary Program ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; QUALITY GUIDELINES; ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WASTE-WATER; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION; FLORIDA; RELEVANCE; PLANTS C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2822-5 J9 MAR SCI SER PY 2005 BP 79 EP 98 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBQ56 UT WOS:000227159500007 ER PT B AU Jordan, SJ Smith, LM AF Jordan, SJ Smith, LM BE Bortone, SA TI Indicators of ecosystem integrity for estuaries SO ESTUARINE INDICATORS SE MARINE SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Estuarine Indicators Workshop CY OCT 29-31, 2003 CL Sanibel Isl, FL SP S Florida Water Management Dist, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Charlotte Harbor Natl Estuary Program ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; INDEX C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. RP Jordan, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2822-5 J9 MAR SCI SER PY 2005 BP 467 EP 480 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBQ56 UT WOS:000227159500030 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MC Hebert, CD Herbert, RA Morinello, EJ Roycroft, JH Travlos, GS Abdo, KM AF Rhodes, MC Hebert, CD Herbert, RA Morinello, EJ Roycroft, JH Travlos, GS Abdo, KM TI Absence of toxic effects in F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice following subchronic administration of chromium picolinate monohydrate SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromium; feed; mice; NTP; picolinate; rats; subchronic; supplement; toxicity ID ZERO DOSE CONTROL; NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT; ABSORPTION; CHLORIDE; INVITRO; WEIGHT; CELLS AB Chromium picolinate monohydrate (CPM) is a synthetic compound heavily marketed to consumers in the United States for use as a dietary supplement for muscle building and weight loss. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) tested the toxicity of this compound based on the potential for widespread consumer exposure and lack of information about its toxicity. Groups of 10 male and 10 female F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice were exposed to 0, 80, 240, 2000, 10,000, or 50,000 ppm CPM in feed for 13 weeks. CPM administration produced no effect on body weight gain or survival of rats or mice. Organ weights and organ/body weight ratios in exposed animals were generally unaffected by CPM No compound-related changes in hematology and clinical chemistry parameters were observed. There were no histopathological lesions attributed to CPM in rats or mice. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. RP Rhodes, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mail Drop EC-34,79 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rhodes2@niehs.nih.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2004.08.006 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 889ME UT WOS:000226446300002 PM 15582192 ER PT J AU Umbuzeiro, GD Freeman, H Warren, SH Kummrow, F Claxton, LD AF Umbuzeiro, GD Freeman, H Warren, SH Kummrow, F Claxton, LD TI Mutagenicity evaluation of the commercial product CI Disperse Blue 291 using different protocols of the Salmonella assay SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE azo dves; Salmonella assay; aminoazobenzene; disperse dyes; arylamines; CI disperse blue 291; mutation spectral Salmonella TA7000; CAS 56548-64-2 ID AZO DYES; TESTER STRAINS; METHYL DERIVATIVES; SENSITIVE METHOD; AROMATIC-AMINES; TYPHIMURIUM; NITROARENES; NITROREDUCTASE; GENOTOXICITY; SPECIFICITY AB Textile dyes can enter the water ecosystem through wastewater discharges potentially exposing humans through the consumption of water and food. The commercial disperse dye product Cl Disperse Blue 291 containing the aminoazobenzene 2-[(2-bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5-(diethylamino)-4-methoxyacetanilide (CAS registry no. 56548-64-2) was tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella assay. We used strains with different levels of nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase (i.e., TA98DNP6, YG1024, and YG1041) that are relevant enzymes in the activation of nitrocompounds by the intestinal microflora. The commercial product tested also was mutagenic for TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100. Presence of the pKM101 plasmid and the addition of S9 enhanced the mutagenic response. Specialized strains showed that both nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase are important in activation of the product. The highest potency obtained was 240 revertants per microgram for YG1041 in the presence of S9. Besides being able to cause frameshift mutations (hisd3052), the dye was able to cause all types of base pair substitution with a preference for TA to AT; to TA and CG to AT changes. With these results clearly showing that the bacterial nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase metabolites of this compound are mutagenic, there is a need to test this dye using in vivo systems to verify possible adverse effects of this product in mammalian tissues. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CETESB Cia Tecnol Saneamento Ambiental, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Umbuzeiro, GD (reprint author), CETESB Cia Tecnol Saneamento Ambiental, Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr,345, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM giselav@cetesb.sp.gov.br RI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/H-4603-2011; OI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/0000-0002-8623-5200; Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2004.08.011 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 889ME UT WOS:000226446300005 ER PT J AU Skouta, R Varma, RS Li, CJ AF Skouta, R Varma, RS Li, CJ TI Efficient Trost's gamma-addition catalyzed by reusable polymer-supported triphenylphosphine in aqueous media SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOM ECONOMY; BOND FORMATION; ARYL BROMIDES; PHOSPHINE; NUCLEOPHILES; AMINATION; UMPOLUNG; AMINES; OXYGEN AB A recyclable and efficient polymer-supported triphenylphosphine-catalyzed gamma-addition of pronucleophiles to alkynoate was developed in aqueous media. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Chem, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM cj.li@mcgill.ca RI Skouta, Rachid/Q-7132-2016 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 8 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1039/b506881a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 955SB UT WOS:000231246800001 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Ju, YH AF Varma, Rajender S. Ju, Yuhong BE Afonso, CAM Crespo, JG TI Solventless Reactions (SLR) SO GREEN SEPARATION PROCESSES: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-REACTION ENHANCEMENT; SIMPLE DEPROTECTION METHOD; SOLID-STATE; IONIC LIQUIDS; DRY MEDIA; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; IODOBENZENE DIACETATE; CONDENSATION REACTION C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Ju, Yuhong] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Devis, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Devis, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 176 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-3-527-60660-3 PY 2005 BP 53 EP 87 DI 10.1002/3527606602.ch2b D2 10.1002/3527606602 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BXZ52 UT WOS:000297698000006 ER PT J AU McNamara, RK Hussain, RJ Simon, EJ Stumpo, DJ Blackshear, PJ Abel, T Lenox, RH AF McNamara, RK Hussain, RJ Simon, EJ Stumpo, DJ Blackshear, PJ Abel, T Lenox, RH TI Effect of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) overexpression on hippocampus-dependent learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in MARCKS transgenic mice SO HIPPOCAMPUS LA English DT Article DE MARCKS; transgenic mice; protein kinase C; hippocampus; paired-pulse facilitation; long-term potentiation; fear conditioning; Morris water maze ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; DBA/2 MICE; RAT-BRAIN; CONTEXTUAL FEAR; ACTIN-FILAMENT; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; C57BL/6; CALMODULIN AB The myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a primary substrate of protein kinase C (PKC) thought to regulate membrane-filamentous actin cytoskeletal plasticity in response to PKC activity in the regulation of synaptic efficacy. We have recently reported that MARCKS expression is significantly elevated (45%) in the hippocampus of DBA/2J mice, which exhibit impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), compared with C57BL/6J mice. The latter finding led us to hypothesize that elevations in MARCKS expression are detrimental to hippocampal plasticity and function. To assess this more directly, we examined hippocampal (CA1) paired-pulse facilitation and LTP, and hippocampus-dependent learning in mice overexpressing MARCKS through the expression of a human MARCKS transgene (Tg(+)). The human MARCKS protein was confirmed to be expressed in the hippocampus of Tg(+) mice but not in Tg(-) mice. Schaffer collateral paired-pulse facilitation, input-output responses, and LTP did not differ between Tg+ and Tg(-) mice, indicating that neurotransmitter release, short-term, and long-term synaptic plasticity are not impaired by MARCKS overexpression. In the Morris water maze, Tg(+) mice exhibited a mild but significant spatial learning impairment during initial acquisition, and a more severe impairment during reversal training. Tg(+) did not exhibit impaired swim speed or visible platform performance relative to Tg(-) mice, indicating the absence of gross sensorimotor deficits. Fear conditioning to either context or cue was not impaired in Tg(+) mice. Behavioral deficits could not be attributed to differences in hippocampal PKC isozyme (alpha, beta(II), gamma, epsilon, zeta) or calmodulin expression, or alterations in hippocampal cytoarchitecture or infrapyramidal mossy fiber limb length. Collectively, these results indicate that elevations in MARCKS expression are detrimental to specific aspects of hippocampal function. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP McNamara, RK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM robert.mcnamara@psychiatry.uc.edu RI McNamara, Robert/J-4309-2014 FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG18199]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD26979]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH59959, R01 MH60244] NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1050-9631 J9 HIPPOCAMPUS JI Hippocampus PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1002/hipo.20089 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 946DU UT WOS:000230553300012 PM 15889447 ER PT B AU Ankley, GT Black, MC Garric, J Hutchinson, TH Iguchi, T AF Ankley, GT Black, MC Garric, J Hutchinson, TH Iguchi, T BE Williams, RT TI A framework for assessing the hazard of pharmaceutical materials to aquatic species SO HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Science for Assessing the Impacts of Human Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Ecosystems CY JUN 03-08, 2003 CL Snowbird, UT ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; FRESH-WATER MUSSEL; OLIGOCHAETE LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; RECEPTOR-BLOCKING PHARMACEUTICALS; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; COPEPODS TISBE-BATTAGLIAI; CRUSTACEAN DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TERM REPRODUCTION ASSAY AB There are a wide variety of existing ecotoxicity methods that may be used to address potential impacts of human pharmaceuticals on populations of aquatic organisms. Several existing methods, using algae, invertebrates, or fish, are, in principle, well suited to detecting a wide range of xenobiotics, including human pharmaceuticals, for the purposes of aquatic environmental risk assessment. Additional to the measurement of apical effect endpoints, the issue of endocrine-disrupting chemicals has given international impetus to the importance of using validated biomarker responses for ecotoxicity screening, testing, and monitoring purposes in the laboratory and field situation. In order to cost-effectively address the aquatic ecotoxicity of human pharmaceuticals, research is needed to better understand which methods from the wide range available are best suited for use in the regulatory environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals. In some cases, the highly specific receptor-based pharmacology of drugs may require chronic reproductive testing with fish (e.g., for some endocrine-active pharmaceuticals), while other classes of compounds with less specific modes of action (such as some anesthetics and analgesics) may be more cost-effectively addressed using short-term sublethal tests with algae, crustaceans, and fish. In order to try to prevent an inefficient and untargeted approach to test every chemical with every method, there is need for a laboratory research program to better define the most suitable species, lifestages, and endpoints (both apical effects for quantitive risk assessment and biomarker responses that support diagnostic interpretation through an understanding of mechanism) for an optimized scheme of pharmaceutical testing. This chapter summarizes the relevant state of the science in testing for effects and bioaccumulation potential in both aqueous-phase and sediment-dwelling organisms and proposes a framework and training set of reference substances that would be useful in deciding future testing priorities for the regulatory assessment of pharmaceutical products and complex mixtures containing drugs, their metabolites, and other substances. Finally, the consequent availability of high-quality acute and chronic ecotoxicity studies will provide data concerning acute:chronic toxicity relationships for future use by risk assessors for application as appropriate in regional or local situations. C1 US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 215 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-82-1 PY 2005 BP 183 EP 237 PG 55 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BDW87 UT WOS:000235888100006 ER PT J AU Louis, GMB Weiner, JM Whitcomb, BW Sperrazza, R Schisterman, EF Lobdell, DT Crickard, K Greizerstein, H Kostyniak, PJ AF Louis, GMB Weiner, JM Whitcomb, BW Sperrazza, R Schisterman, EF Lobdell, DT Crickard, K Greizerstein, H Kostyniak, PJ TI Environmental PCB exposure and risk of endometriosis SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptors; endometriosis; environment; fecundity; polychlorinated biphenyls ID SERUM DIOXIN CONCENTRATIONS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; MACACA-MULATTA; PELVIC PAIN; WOMEN; HEALTH; EXPRESSION; OUTCOMES; DISEASE; MICE AB BACKGROUND: Hormonally active environmental agents have recently been associated with the development of endometriosis. METHODS: We undertook a study to assess the relationship between endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent gynaecological disease, and 62 individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners. We enrolled 84, eligible women aged 18-40 years undergoing laparoscopy for study, which included an interview and blood specimen (n = 79; 94%). Thirty-two women had visually confirmed endometriosis at laparoscopy while 52 did not. Blood specimens were run in batches of 14 including four quality control samples for toxicological analysis. Each PCB congener was adjusted for recovery; batch-specific reagent blanks were subtracted. All PCB concentrations were log transformed and expressed in ng/g serum first as a sum and then as tertiles by purported estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity of PCB congeners. RESULTS: Using unconditional logistic regression analysis. a significantly elevated odds ratio (OR) was observed for women in the third tertile of anti-estrogenic PCBs [OR 3.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-12.68]. Risk remained elevated after controlling for gravidity. current cigarette smoking and serum lipids (OR 3.30; 95% CI 0.87-12.46). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that anti-estrogenic PCBs may be associated with the development of endometriosis. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Louis, GMB (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM gb156i@nih.2ov OI Schisterman, Enrique/0000-0003-3757-641X; Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1R01ES09044-01] NR 44 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 EI 1460-2350 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh575 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 886AP UT WOS:000226199000040 PM 15513976 ER PT J AU Macher, JM Tsai, FC Burton, LE Liu, KS AF Macher, JM Tsai, FC Burton, LE Liu, KS TI Concentrations of cat and dust-mite allergens in dust samples from 92 large US office buildings from the BASE Study SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2002) CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP Swedish Assoc Asthma & Allergy DE cat allergen; dust-mite allergen; bioaerosols; office buildings; Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation study ID HOUSE-DUST; INDOOR ALLERGENS; PUBLIC PLACES; NEW-ZEALAND; RISK LEVELS; F 1; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; ENVIRONMENT; HOME AB The concentrations of cat (Fel d1) and dust-mite (Der f1 and Der p1) allergens were measured in 92 large office buildings in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation (BASE) Study (251 dust samples; one to four samples per building). Fel d1 was detected in almost all buildings and samples (91 buildings, 99%; 235 samples, 94%; range: < 0.01-19 mu g/g; median: 0.3 mu g/g). Cat allergen exceeded 1 mu g/g (a lower symptom threshold) in 56 samples (22%) from 45 buildings, but exceeded 8 mu g/g (a sensitization threshold) in only two samples (1%) from two buildings. Der f1 or Der p I was found in approximately half of all buildings and samples (63 and 70% of buildings; 45 and 51% of samples; range: < 0.01-53 mu g/g and < 0.01-25 mu g/g; median: < 0.02 and 0.03 mu g/g, respectively). Mite allergen exceeded 2 mu g/g (a sensitization threshold) in seven samples (3%) from five buildings and exceeded 10 mu g/g (a symptom threshold) in three samples (1%) from three buildings. Fel d1 concentration was significantly higher in samples collected in summer (June to September, 48 buildings), but cat allergen was not correlated with either mite allergen. Der f1, but not Der p1, concentration tended to be higher in samples collected in winter (December to April, 44 buildings), and the two mite allergens were significantly correlated only in winter. Cat and mite allergens were detected in 78% of representative US office buildings, but the concentrations seldom exceeded levels associated with sensitization or symptom provocation. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Lab Branch, Richmond, CA USA. US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Macher, JM (reprint author), 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,MS G365-EHLB, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jmacher@dhs.ca.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PY 2005 VL 15 SU 9 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00347.x PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937QM UT WOS:000229940600012 PM 15910533 ER PT B AU Girman, J Brunner, G AF Girman, J Brunner, G BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI US EPA's Program Needs for Indoor Environments Research (PNIER) SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE research needs; research strategy; research gaps; priorities ID COLLECTION PERFORMANCE; ELECTRET FILTERS; CHARGED FIBERS; PARTICLES AB Indoor pollution ranks among the top five environmental risks to public health. The U.S. Environmental Protection. Agency (EPA) has recently developed a strategic document outlining EPA's research needs for the indoor environment, Program Needs for Indoor Environments Research (PNIER). PNIER was developed with strong collaboration across several EPA offices. This paper presents the criteria used to develop PNIER and describes the needs identified. The needs are extensive and range from basic research on sources and emissions (including biological, chemical and particulate matter), through exposure characterization, health effects and mitigation techniques. It is anticipated that PNIER will: articulate EPA's indoor environments research needs, for both internal and external uses; identify where knowledge gaps exist; help establish a more well-defined indoor environments research presence at EPA; facilitate collaboration between EPA's program offices and research laboratories; and possibly serve as EPA's foundation towards a larger federal cross-agency research strategy on indoor environments research. C1 US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Girman, J (reprint author), US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM girman.john@epa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 2986 EP 2990 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831205019 ER PT B AU Benoit, E AF Benoit, E BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Developing successful partnerships to improve indoor air quality in schools using the US EPA indoor air quality tools for schools SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools (TfS) Program is a voluntary program designed to help the nation's schools improve indoor air quality conditions in school buildings. It is well documented (1) that over 50% of schools have reported indoor quality problems in classrooms ranging from poor ventilation, the presence of asthma triggers, lack of maintenance, moldy carpeting, exposure to dust during renovation, radon, etc. Since the publication of TfS in 1995, EPA has developed a number auxiliary tools to enhance the implementation of this national program by producing instructional videos, training modules,;as well as guidance on mold in schools, benefits of improving IAQ in the classroom, asthma triggers, IAQ and productivity, etc. The New England Regional EPA office (2) has gone a step further by assisting in the formation of statewide partnerships with a variety of organizations which have yielded impressive results and which can arguably be called national model programs. Perhaps the most outstanding of these has been the Connecticut State Indoor Environment Resource Team. Another factor influencing the effectiveness of TfS implementation is state legislation which, together with dedicated partnerships, paves the way for ultimately having TfS fully implemented in every state. C1 US EPA, Indoor Environm Program Coordinator, Boston, MA USA. RP Benoit, E (reprint author), US EPA, Indoor Environm Program Coordinator, Boston, MA USA. EM benoit.eugene@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 3510 EP 3513 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831205122 ER PT J AU Harder, V Gilmour, PS Lentner, B Karg, E Takenaka, S Ziesenis, A Stampfl, A Kodavanti, UP Heyder, J Schulz, H AF Harder, V Gilmour, PS Lentner, B Karg, E Takenaka, S Ziesenis, A Stampfl, A Kodavanti, UP Heyder, J Schulz, H TI Cardiovascular responses in unrestrained WKY rats to inhaled ultrafine carbon particles SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; US CITIES; INHALATION; PULMONARY; EXPOSURE; HEALTHY AB Based on epidemiologic observations, the issue of adverse health effects of inhaled ultrafine particles (UFP) is currently under intensive discussion. We therefore examined cardiovascular effects of UFP in a controlled animal exposure on young, healthy WKY rats. Short-term exposure ( 24 h) to carbon UFPs ( 38 nm, 180 mug m(-3)), generated by spark discharging, induced a mild but consistent increase in heart rate ( 18 bpm, 4.8%), which was associated with a significant decrease in heart-rate variability during particle inhalation. The timing and the transient character of these responses point to a particle induced alteration of cardiac autonomic balance, mediated by a pulmonary receptor activation. After 24 h of inhalation exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage revealed significant but low-grade pulmonary inflammation ( clean air 1.9% vs. UFPs 6.9% polymorphonuclear cells) and on histopathology sporadic accumulation of particle-laden macrophages was found in the alveolar region. There was no evidence of an inflammation-mediated increase in blood coagulability, as UFP inhalation did not induce any significant changes in plasma fibrinogen or factor VIIa levels and there were no prothrombotic changes in the lung or the heart at both the protein and mRNA level. Histological analysis revealed no signs of cardiac inflammation or cardiomyopathy. This study therefore provides toxicological evidence for UFP-associated pulmonary and cardiac effects in healthy rats. Our findings suggest that the observed changes are mediated by an altered sympatho-vagal balance in response to UFP inhalation, but do not support the concept of an inflammation-mediated prothrombotic state by UFP. C1 GSF, Inst Inhalat Biol, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Focus Network Aerosols & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GSF, Inst Toxicol, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Harder, V (reprint author), GSF, Inst Inhalat Biol, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM harder@gsf.de RI Karg, Erwin/E-1441-2013; Schulz, Holger/J-5643-2015 OI Schulz, Holger/0000-0002-1157-200X NR 56 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1080/08958370590885681 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 877OU UT WOS:000225580700003 PM 15764481 ER PT J AU Apitz, SE Davis, JW Finkelstein, K Hohreiter, DW Hoke, R Jensen, RH Jersak, J Kirtay, VJ Mack, EE Magar, VS Moore, D Reible, D Stahl, RG AF Apitz, Sabine E. Davis, John W. Finkelstein, Ken Hohreiter, David W. Hoke, Robert Jensen, Richard H. Jersak, Joe Kirtay, Victoria J. Mack, E. Erin Magar, Victor S. Moore, David Reible, Danny Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. TI Assessing and Managing Contaminated Sediments: Part I, Developing an Effective Investigation and Risk Evaluation Strategy SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Sediment assessment; Sediment management; Ecological risk assessment; Sediment quality AB This is the first of a two-part review of the current state-of-the-science pertaining to the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the major technical and policy issues stemming from the assessment and management of contaminated sediments, highlight a number of aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management found to be successful, and, when appropriate, address the barriers that still exist for improving contaminated sediment management. In this paper, Part I, the many key elements of an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy are reviewed, beginning with the development of a conceptual site model (CSM) and including a discussion of some of the key factors influencing the design of sediment investigations and ecological risk assessment of sediment-bound chemicals on aquatic biota. In Part II of this paper (Apitz et al. 2005), various approaches are reviewed for evaluating sediment risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness. While many of the technical and policy issues described in this review are relevant to dredged material management, the focus of this paper is on sediment assessment for environmental management. C1 [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. [Davis, John W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Finkelstein, Ken] US EPA, NOAA, Off Site Remediat & Restorat HI0, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hohreiter, David W.] BBL Sci, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Hoke, Robert] EI Du Pont Nemours, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Jensen, Richard H.; Mack, E. Erin; Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] EI Du Pont Nemours, Corp Remediat Grp, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Jersak, Joe] Hull & Associates, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Kirtay, Victoria J.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Magar, Victor S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Moore, David] MEC Analyt Syst, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. [Reible, Danny] Louisiana State Univ, Hazardous Substance Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Apitz, SE (reprint author), SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. EM drsea@cvrl.org FU Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDTE Program [Y0817]; U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program FX This paper does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, or any of the project sponsors or affiliations represented by each of the authors. References to brand names and trademarks in this document are for information purposes only and do not constitute endorsements by the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, project sponsors, or the authors. This work was funded, in part, by the Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDT&E (Y0817) Program and by the U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-002.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200003 PM 16637142 ER PT J AU Cooper, J Vigon, B Curran, MA Franklin, B AF Cooper, Joyce Vigon, Bruce Curran, Mary Ann Franklin, Bill TI Life Cycle Assessment in Management, Product and Process Design, and Policy Decision Making: A Conference Report SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB On 24 September 2003, life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners and decision makers gathered at the InLCA/LCM Conference in Seattle, Washington, USA (see http://www.lcacenter.org/InLCA-LCM03/index.html) to discuss the role of LCA in management, product design, process development, and regulatory/policy development decisions and to compare life cycle-based methods and tools with traditional product evaluation methods and tools. This article is a summary of that meeting and was prepared by the organizers as an overview of the many different technical, regulatory policy, and decision-making policy perspectives presented to an international gathering of participants representing academia and the industrial and regulatory communities. C1 [Cooper, Joyce] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Vigon, Bruce] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Curran, Mary Ann] US EPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Franklin, Bill] Franklin Associates, 4121 W 83rd St,Suite 108, Prairie Village, KS 66208 USA. RP Cooper, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. EM cooperjs@u.washington.edu OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-006.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200009 PM 16637148 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL Bender, ES Kravitz, M Wentsel, R Slimak, MW Farland, WH Gilman, P AF Dearfield, Kerry L. Bender, Edward S. Kravitz, Michael Wentsel, Randy Slimak, Michael W. Farland, William H. Gilman, Paul TI Ecological Risk Assessment Issues Identified During the US Environmental Protection Agency's Examination of Risk Assessment Practices SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological risk assessment; Organism-level versus population-level assessments; Probabilistic analysis AB Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency examined its current risk-assessment principles and practices. As part of the examination, aspects of ecological risk-assessment practices were reviewed. Several issues related to ecological risk assessment were identified, including the use of organism-level versus population-level attributes to characterize risk, the possible opportunities associated with the increased use of probabilistic approaches for ecological risk assessment, and the notion of conservatism in estimating risks. The agency examination provides an understanding of current practices and is intended to begin a dialogue in which the risk assessment community can engage in addressing the identified issues to improve and enhance ecological risk assessment. C1 [Dearfield, Kerry L.; Bender, Edward S.; Farland, William H.; Gilman, Paul] US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kravitz, Michael] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wentsel, Randy] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Slimak, Michael W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Farland, William H.; Gilman, Paul] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dearfield, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM dearfield.kerry@epa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-023.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200011 PM 16637150 ER PT J AU Apitz, SE Davis, JW Finkelstein, K Hohreiter, DW Hoke, R Jensen, RH Jersak, J Kirtay, VJ Mack, EE Magar, VS Moore, D Reible, D Stahl, RG AF Apitz, Sabine E. Davis, John W. Finkelstein, Ken Hohreiter, David W. Hoke, Robert Jensen, Richard H. Jersak, Joe Kirtay, Victoria J. Mack, E. Erin Magar, Victor S. Moore, David Reible, Danny Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. TI Assessing and Managing Contaminated Sediments: Part II, Evaluating Risk and Monitoring Sediment Remedy Effectiveness SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Sediment assessment; Sediment management; Ecological risk assessment; Sediment quality AB This is the second of a two-part review of the current state-of-the-science pertaining to the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the major technical and policy issues stemming from the assessment and management of contaminated sediments, highlight a number of aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management found to be successful, and, when appropriate, address the barriers that still exist for improving contaminated sediment management. In Part I (Apitz et al. 2005), the key elements of an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy were reviewed, beginning with the development of a conceptual site model (CSM) and including a discussion of some of the key factors influencing the design of sediment investigations and ecological risk assessment of sediment-bound chemicals on aquatic biota. In this paper, Part II, various approaches are reviewed for evaluating sediment risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness. While many of the technical and policy issues described in this review are relevant to dredged material management, the focus of this paper is on sediment assessment for environmental management. C1 [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. [Davis, John W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Finkelstein, Ken] US EPA, NOAA, Off Site Remediat & Restorat HI0, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hohreiter, David W.] BBL Sci, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Hoke, Robert] EI Du Pont Nemours, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Jensen, Richard H.; Mack, E. Erin; Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] EI Du Pont Nemours, Corp Remediat Grp, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Jersak, Joe] Hull & Associates, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Kirtay, Victoria J.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Magar, Victor S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Moore, David] MEC Analyt Syst, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. [Reible, Danny] Louisiana State Univ, Hazardous Substance Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Apitz, SE (reprint author), SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. EM drsea@cvrl.org FU Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDTE Program [Y0817]; U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program FX This paper does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, or any of the project sponsors or affiliations represented by each of the authors. References to brand names and trademarks in this document are for information purposes only and do not constitute endorsements by the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, project sponsors, or the authors. This work was funded, in part, by the Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDT&E (Y0817) Program and by the U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program. NR 126 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP E1 EP E14 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-002e.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200001 ER PT J AU Donohue, M Chung, Y Magnuson, ML Ward, M Selgrade, MJ Vesper, S AF Donohue, M Chung, Y Magnuson, ML Ward, M Selgrade, MJ Vesper, S TI Hemolysin chrysolysin (TM) from Penicillium chrysogenum promotes inflammatory response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Penicillium chrysoyenum; chrysolysin; hemolysin; indoor air; inflammatory ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-TOXIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI HEMOLYSIN; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; RELEASE; INTERLEUKIN-8; CONIDIA; MICE AB Some strains of Penicillium chrysogenum produce a proteinaceous hemolysin, chrysolysin (TM), when incubated on sheep's blood agar at 37 degrees C but not at 23 degrees C. However, 92% (11/12) of the indoor air isolates produced hemolysis but only 43% (3/7) of the non-indoor air isolates did so. Chrysolysin is an aggregating protein composed of approximately 2kDa monomers, contains one cysteine amino acid, and has an isoelectric point of 4.85. Treatment of murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with purified chrysolysin caused statistically significant (T-test, p < 0.05) increased production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in a dose dependent manner after 6h treatment. This suggests that chrysolysin might act to promote the host's inflammatory response after P. chrysogenum exposures. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PY 2005 VL 208 IS 4 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.03.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 952OT UT WOS:000231016100007 PM 16078642 ER PT J AU Soderberg, D AF Soderberg, D TI Committee on residues and related topics - Pesticides and other chemical contaminants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PHOTOIONIZATION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION C1 US EPA, OPP, HED, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Soderberg, D (reprint author), US EPA, OPP, HED, RRB3,Rm 821D,Crystal Mall 2,7509C,Ariel Rios Bldg, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM soderberg.david@epamail.epa.gov NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 331 EP 341 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 893HN UT WOS:000226710000043 PM 15759758 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF AF Tomasino, SF TI Efficacy testing of disinfectants SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, OPP Microbiol Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, OPP Microbiol Lab, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM Tomasino.Stephen@epa.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 893HN UT WOS:000226710000046 PM 15759761 ER PT J AU Vermeulen, R De Roos, AJ Bakke, B Blair, A Hildesheim, A Pinto, L Gillette, PP Lynch, CF Allen, RH Alavanja, MC AF Vermeulen, R De Roos, AJ Bakke, B Blair, A Hildesheim, A Pinto, L Gillette, PP Lynch, CF Allen, RH Alavanja, MC TI A study on immunological responses to exposures encountered in corn farming SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NCI, HPV Monitoring Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Vermeulen, R (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM vermeulr@mail.nih.gov RI Vermeulen, Roel/F-8037-2011 OI Vermeulen, Roel/0000-0003-4082-8163 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 172 EP 172 DI 10.1002/jbt.20071 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 943LE UT WOS:000230354300006 PM 15977189 ER PT J AU Selgrade, MK AF Selgrade, MK TI Biomarkers of effects: The immune system SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; MICE; IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHIBITION; DIELDRIN; TESTS; RATS C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 177 EP 179 DI 10.1002/jbt.20075 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 943LE UT WOS:000230354300010 PM 15977191 ER PT J AU Gutowski, T Murphy, C Allen, D Bauer, D Bras, B Piwonka, T Sheng, P Sutherland, J Thurston, D Wolff, E AF Gutowski, T Murphy, C Allen, D Bauer, D Bras, B Piwonka, T Sheng, P Sutherland, J Thurston, D Wolff, E TI Environmentally benign manufacturing: Observations from Japan, Europe and the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article AB A recent international panel study (Gutowski T, Murphy C, Allen D, Bauer D, Bras B, Piwonka T, Sheng P, Sutherland J, Thurston D, Wolff E. WTEC Panel Report on: Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM), 2000 on the web at; http://itri. loyola.edu/ebm/ and http://www.wtec.org/ebm/) finds Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM) emerging as a significant competitive dimension between companies. With differing views on future developments, companies, especially large international companies, are positioning themselves to take advantage of emerging environmental trends. Among Japanese companies visited, the panel observed an acute interest in using the environmental advantages of their products and processes to enhance their competitive position in the market. In the northern European countries visited, the panel saw what could be interpreted as primarily a protectionist posture; that is, the development of practices and policies to enhance the well-being of EU countries, that could act as barriers to outsiders. In the U.S., the panel found a high degree of environmental awareness among the large international companies, most recently in response to offshore initiatives, mixed with skepticism. In this article, we survey EBM practices at leading firms, rate the competitiveness of the three regions visited, and close with observations of change since the study. Based upon these results, major research questions are then posed. In sum, the study found evidence that U.S. firms may be at a disadvantage due in part to a lack of coherent national goals in such areas as waste management, global warming, energy efficiency and product take back. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Syst Realizat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Alabama, MCTC, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. McKinsey & Co Inc, Austin, TX 78701 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Bradley Univ, Coll Engn Environm Sustainabil & Innovat, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Gutowski, T (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gutowski@mit.edu NR 60 TC 133 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.10.004 PG 17 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859JV UT WOS:000224260300001 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL Hoagland, NT AF Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL Hoagland, NT TI Sustainable systems theory: ecological and other aspects SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID RESILIENCE; DIVERSITY; STABILITY AB While sustainability is generally associated with the definition of sustainable development coven by the Brundtland Commission 'Our common future (1987) Oxford University Press,' namely 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,' it is important to recognize that a mathematical theory embodying these concepts would be immensely valuable in humanity's efforts to manage the environment. The concept of sustainability applies to integrated systems comprising humans and the rest of nature. The structures and operation of (he human component (in terms of society, economy, law, etc.) must be such that these reinforce or promote the persistence of the structures and operation of the natural component (in terms of ecosystem trophic link-ages, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, etc.), and vice versa. Thus, one of the challenges of sustainability research lies in linking measures of ecosystem functioning to the structure and operation of the associated social system. We propose that indicators based on Information Theory can bridge the natural and human system elements, and make sense of the disparate state variables of the system. Thus, in this paper we explore the use of Fisher Information, which is a statistical measure of variation. as an aggregating index for dynamic systems of many variables. We have developed a novel application of Fisher Information to time-series data of dynamic systems, which (borrowing from statistical mechanics) uses an ensemble average of the system dynamics. We demonstrate this methodology using an uncalibrated 5-trophic level, 12-compartment (species) food web model with an associated basic social system for the population of omnivores at the top of the food chain. The model has five functional groups: detritus, primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. In addition to a seasonal forcing function, perturbation scenarios involving each of the parts of the system are simulated so as to explore the sustainability of the system under various types of stress, including basic human behaviors. such as agriculture. Since Fisher Information is a measure of the variation, we hypothesize that it is an indicator of system order. and thus system sustainability. This work is part of a multidisciplinary group at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 5 SI SI BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.09.011 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893SX UT WOS:000226740600002 ER PT J AU Mata, TM Smith, RL Young, DM Costa, CAV AF Mata, TM Smith, RL Young, DM Costa, CAV TI Environmental analysis of gasoline blending components through their life cycle SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE gasoline blending components; reformate; alkylate; cracked gasoline; potential environmental impacts ID SIMULATION AB The contributions of three major gasoline blending components (reformate, alkylate and cracked gasoline) to potential environmental impacts (PEI) are assessed. This study estimates losses of the gasoline blending components due to evaporation and leaks through their life cycle, from petroleum refining to vehicle refuelling. A sensitivity analysis is performed using different weighting factors for each potential environmental impact category, in order to assess the effect of each blending component on the total potential environmental impacts. The results indicate that reformate and cracked gasoline mainly contribute to photochemical oxidation followed by aquatic toxicity, terrestrial toxicity and human toxicity by ingestion. On the other hand, alkylate contributes mostly to aquatic toxicity but very little to photochemical oxidation. From the sensitivity analysis, a high weighting on the impact categories for aquatic toxicity, terrestrial toxicity and human toxicity by ingestion leads to alkylate having the largest potential impacts of the three blending components, whereas other combinations of weighting factors indicate that alkylate has the lowest potential impacts. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Lab Proc Environm & Energy Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mata, TM (reprint author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Lab Proc Environm & Energy Engn, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. EM tmata@fe.up.pt RI Mata, Teresa/I-4364-2013; OI Mata, Teresa/0000-0001-8696-8925; costa, carlos/0000-0003-3136-9049 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 5 SI SI BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.09.006 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893SX UT WOS:000226740600009 ER PT J AU Curran, MA Mann, M Norris, G AF Curran, MA Mann, M Norris, G TI The international workshop on electricity data for life cycle inventories SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE life cycle assessment; inventory; electricity; energy AB A three-day workshop was held in October 2001 to discuss life cycle inventory data for electricity production. Electricity was selected as the topic for discussion since it features very prominently in the LCA results for most product life cycles, yet there is no consistency in how these data are calculated and presented. Approximately 40 people attended all or part of the meeting to discuss issues of data modeling and collection. Attendees included recognized experts in the electricity generation and life cycle assessment fields. Five main topics of discussion were identified before the meeting began: (1) modeling the response of the energy supply system to demand (i.e. marginal versus average data); (2) defining the breadth and width of system boundaries to adequately capture environmental flows and data that are needed for impact modeling; (3) allocating environmental burdens across co-products that come from the same process; (4) modeling new and non-traditional technologies in which the data are highly uncertain; and (5) including transmission and distribution in modeling of electricity generation. Breakout groups addressed the first four topic areas in individual discussion groups and reported the results in a plenary session on the last day of the workshop (it was decided during the meeting to include "transmission and distribution" in other discussions). A key success of the workshop was the creation of the larger network of LCA and electricity production experts which will provide a good foundation for continued discussions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sylvat Inc, N Berwick, ME 03906 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 12 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2002.03.001 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910YI UT WOS:000227967700010 ER PT J AU Skone, TJ Curran, MA AF Skone, TJ Curran, MA TI LCAccess - Global Directory of LCI resources SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE life cycle assessment (LCA); life cycle inventory (LCI); web-site AB LCAccess is an EPA-sponsored web-site intended to promote the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) in business decision-making by facilitating access to data sources that are useful in developing a life cycle inventory (LCI). While LCAccess does not itself contain data, it is a searchable global directory of potential data sources. In addition to directing users to relevant data sources, LCAccess also serves as a central source for LCA information. To find the LCAccess web-site go to: http://www.epa.gov/ORD/ NRMRL/lcaccess. LCAccess is soliciting organizations that have completed LCI/LCA studies to provide their data sources for reference in LCAccess. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Skone, TJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 11251 Roger Bacon Dr, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM skonet@saic.com OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 13-14 BP 1345 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.05.016 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 954EO UT WOS:000231137100015 ER PT J AU Huang, KM AF Huang, KM TI Workforce development in public and environmental health SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Solid & Hazardous Waste Program RCRA, REHS, RS, Denver, CO USA. RP Huang, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Solid & Hazardous Waste Program RCRA, REHS, RS, Region 8, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 885ZZ UT WOS:000226197200009 PM 15690905 ER PT J AU McClenny, WA Oliver, KD Jacumin, HH Daughtrey, EH Whitaker, DA AF McClenny, WA Oliver, KD Jacumin, HH Daughtrey, EH Whitaker, DA TI 24 h diffusive sampling of toxic VOCs in air onto Carbopack X solid adsorbent followed by thermal desorption/GC/MS analysis - laboratory studies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PASSIVE SAMPLER; PERFORMANCE; ADSORPTION AB Diffusive sampling of a mixture of 42 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in humidified, purified air onto the solid adsorbent Carbopack X was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The evaluation included variations in sample air temperature, relative humidity and ozone concentration. Linearity of samples with loading was examined both for a constant concentration with time varied up to 24 h and for different concentrations over 24 h. Reverse diffusion and its increase with accumulation of sample were determined for all compounds. Tubes were examined for blank levels, change of blanks with storage time, and variability of blanks. Method detection limits were determined based on seven replicate samples. Based on this evaluation, 27 VOCs were selected for quantitative monitoring in the concentration range from approximately 0.1 to 4 ppbv. Comparison results of active and diffusive samples taken over 24 h and under the same simulated ambient conditions at a constant 2 ppbv were interpreted to estimate the effective diffusive sampling rates ( ml min(-1)) and their uncertainties and to calculate the corresponding diffusive uptake rates (ng ppmv(-1) min(-1)). C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McClenny, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1039/b412213e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901LT UT WOS:000227284700007 PM 15735783 ER PT J AU Herrington, J Zhang, L Whitaker, D Sheldon, L Zhang, J AF Herrington, J Zhang, L Whitaker, D Sheldon, L Zhang, J TI Optimizing a dansylhydrazine (DNSH) based method for measuring airborne acrolein and other unsaturated carbonyls SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLASS-FIBER FILTERS; PASSIVE SAMPLER; SOLID SORBENT; DIFFUSIVE SAMPLER; 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIR SAMPLES; AMBIENT AIR; ALDEHYDES AB The Passive Aldehydes and Ketones Sampler (PAKS) method has been developed to measure airborne carbonyls ( aldehydes and ketones) by derivatizing the carbonyls with dansylhydrazine (DNSH) on a solid sorbent.(1) The method collection efficiencies are similar to 100% for most saturated carbonyls, but are significantly lower for unsaturated carbonyls. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of DNSH reactions with unsaturated carbonyls, focusing on acrolein. With a better understanding of these mechanisms, we modified the sampling substrate conditions and HPLC analysis conditions of the original PAKS method, resulting in substantially improved collection efficiencies for acrolein and crotonaldehyde. Evaluated under a variety of conditions ( temperature, humidity, presence of ozone), the modified PAKS method had a collection efficiency of 99% +/- 5% for acrolein (N = 36) and 96% +/- 20% for crotonaldehyde (N = 6). The acrolein DNSH derivative was stable within 9.6% of the initial amount, after 14 days of storage at 4 degrees C, on the collection medium; and stable within 2.8% of the initial amount, after 16 days of storage at room temperature, in extract. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Joint Grad Program Exposure Assessment, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Herrington, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Joint Grad Program Exposure Assessment, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM jjzhang@eohsi.rutgers.edu NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 10 BP 969 EP 976 DI 10.1039/b502063h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969HO UT WOS:000232225400025 PM 16193168 ER PT J AU Creed, PA Schwegel, CA Creed, JT AF Creed, PA Schwegel, CA Creed, JT TI Investigation of arsenic speciation on drinking water treatment media utilizing automated sequential continuous flow extraction with IC-ICP-MS detection SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; SEDIMENTS; COAGULATION; DISSOLUTION; ADSORPTION; HYDROXIDE; MOBILITY; SORPTION AB Three treatment media, used for the removal of arsenic from drinking water, were sequentially extracted using 10 mM MgCl2 (pH 8), 10 mM NaH2PO4 (pH 7) followed by 10 mM (NH4)(2)C2O4 (pH 3). The media were extracted using an on-line automated continuous extraction system which allowed the arsenic in each of the extraction fluids to be speciated on-line using IC-ICP-MS. The 10 mM MgCl2 preferentially extracted As(III) from each of the media. The percentage of the arsenic extracted by the MgCl2, relative to a HNO3/H2O2 digestion of the media, ranged from 0.1-2.3% for the three solids. The next sequential extraction fluid, 10 mM NaH2PO4, extracted some of the residual As(III) remaining on each of the media but the predominant species extracted was As(V). The 10 mM NaH2PO4 extracted 15.3 to 42.8% of the total arsenic relative to a total digested concentration for each of the media. The As(III) and As(V) stability studies conducted in these two extraction fluids indicated that conversion between As(III) and As(V) was not significant for the short extraction fluid sample contact time associated with the on-line continuous flow extraction cell. Finally, the 10 mM (NH4)(2)C2O4 extraction fluid was utilized in an on-line analysis mode because the Fe and As concentrations extracted from the media were not compatible with direct ICP-MS detection. The (NH4)(2)C2O4 extracted 2.9-29% As(III) for all three media and caused an oxidation of As(III) to As(V) during the extraction period for one of the three media. The sum of the arsenic from each of the three extraction fluids represented 92%, 44% and 53% of the available total arsenic for the three media, respectively. The speciation results for each media were obtained by adding all the speciation results from all three extraction fluids together and the resulting distribution of As(III)/As(V) compared well with the speciation results obtained via XANES. C1 US EPA, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Creed.Jack@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1079 EP 1084 DI 10.1039/b507568h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978BD UT WOS:000232846300025 PM 16252057 ER PT J AU Jeong, SW Kampbell, DH An, YJ Henry, BM AF Jeong, SW Kampbell, DH An, YJ Henry, BM TI Comparison of field-observed and model-predicted plume trends at fuel-contaminated sites: Implications for natural attenuation rates SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article AB Subsequent to modeling of natural attenuation processes to predict contaminant trends and plume dynamics, monitoring data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of natural attenuation at reducing contaminant concentrations in groundwater at seven fuel- contaminated sites. Predicted and observed contaminant trends at seven sites were compared in order to empirically assess the accuracy of some fundamental model input parameters and assumptions. Most of the models developed for the study sites tended to overestimate plume migration distance, source persistence, and/ or the time required for the benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes ( BTEX) plumes to attenuate. Discrepancies between observed and predicted contaminant trends and plume behavior suggested that the influence of natural attenuation process may not have been accurately simulated. The conservatism of model simulations may be attributed to underestimation of natural source weathering rates, overestimation of the mass of contaminant present in the source area, and/ or use of overly conservative first- order solute decay rates. C1 Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Denver, CO 80290 USA. RP Jeong, SW (reprint author), Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. EM swjeong@kunsan.ac.kr NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1039/b505539c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978BD UT WOS:000232846300028 PM 16252060 ER PT J AU O'Connor, GA Elliott, HA Basta, NT Bastian, RK Pierzynski, GM Sims, RC Smith, JE AF O'Connor, GA Elliott, HA Basta, NT Bastian, RK Pierzynski, GM Sims, RC Smith, JE TI Sustainable land application: An overview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID IRON-DEFICIENT SOIL; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PHOSPHORUS; BIOSOLIDS; MUNICIPAL; MANURE; WATER; COMPOST AB Man has land-applied societal nonhazardous wastes for centuries as a means of disposal and to improve the soil via the recycling of nutrients and the addition of organic matter. Nonhazardous wastes include a vast array of materials, including manures, biosolids, composts, wastewater effluents, food-processing wastes, industrial by-products; these are collectively referred to herein as residuals. Because of economic restraints and environmental concerns about land-filling and incineration, interest in land application continues to grow. A major lesson that has been learned, however, is that the traditional definition of land application that emphasizes applying residuals to land in a manner that protects human and animal health, safeguards soil and water resources, and maintains long-term ecosystem quality is incomplete unless the earning of public trust in the practices is included. This overview provides an introduction to a subset of papers and posters presented at the conference, "Sustainable Land Application," held in Orlando, FL, in January 2004. The USEPA, USDA, and multiple national and state organizations with interest in, and/or responsibilities for, ensuring the sustainability of the practice sponsored the conference. The overriding conference objectives were to highlight significant developments in land treatment theory and practice, and to identify future research needs to address critical gaps in the knowledge base that must be addressed to ensure sustainable land application of residuals. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP O'Connor, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gao@ufl.edu NR 90 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200001 PM 15647530 ER PT J AU Gerba, CP Smith, JE AF Gerba, CP Smith, JE TI Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; DRINKING-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEPATITIS-E; INACTIVATION; GUIDELINES; TRANSPORT; BIOSOLIDS; VIRUSES; HEALTH AB The hazards associated with pathogens in land-applied animal and human wastes have long been recognized. Management of these risks requires an understanding of sources, concentrations, and removal by processes that may be used to treat the wastes; survival in the environment; and exposure to sensitive populations. The major sources are animal feeding operations, municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents, biosolids, and on-site treatment systems. More than 150 known enteric pathogens may be present in the untreated wastes, and one new enteric pathogen has been discovered every year over the past decade. There has been increasing demand that risks associated with the land treatment and application be better defined. For risks to be quantified, more data are needed on the concentrations of pathogens in wastes, the effectiveness of treatment processes, standardization of detection methodology, and better quantification of exposure. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gerba, CP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gerba@ag.arizona.edu NR 49 TC 197 Z9 199 U1 8 U2 69 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200004 PM 15647533 ER PT J AU Basta, NT Ryan, JA Chaney, RL AF Basta, NT Ryan, JA Chaney, RL TI Trace element chemistry in residual-treated soil: Key concepts and metal bioavailability SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; SLUDGE-AMENDED SOILS; SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; BIOSOLIDS MOLYBDENUM; CADMIUM AVAILABILITY; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; LAND APPLICATION AB Trace element. solubility and availability in land-applied residuals is governed by fundamental chemical reactions between metal constituents, soil, and residual components. Iron, aluminum, and manganese oxides; organic matter; and phosphates, carbonates, and sulfides are important sinks for trace elements in soil-residual systems. The pH of the soil-residual system is often the most important chemical property governing trace element sorption, precipitation, solubility, and availability. Trace element phytoavailability in residual-treated soils is often estimated using soil extraction methods. However, spectroscopic studies show that sequential extraction methods may not be accurate in perturbed soil-residual systems. Plant bioassay is the best method to measure the effect of residuals on phytoavailability. Key concepts used to describe phytoavailability are (i) the salt effect, (ii) the plateau effect, and (iii) the soil-plant barrier. Metal availability in soil from metal-salt addition is greater than availability in soil from addition of metal-containing residuals. Plant metal content displays plateaus at high residual loadings corresponding to the residual's metal concentration and sorption capacity. The soil-plant barrier limits transmission of many trace elements through the food chain, although Cd (an important human health concern) can bypass the soil-plant barrier. Results from many studies that support these key concepts provide a basis of our understanding of the relationship between trace element chemistry and phytoavailability in residual-treated soils. Research is needed to (i) determine mechanisms for trace element retention of soil-residual systems, (ii) determine the effect of residuals on ecological receptors and the ability of residuals to reduce ecotoxicity in metal-contaminated soil, and (iii) predict the long-term bioavailability of trace elements in soil-residual systems. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Basta, NT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM basta.4@osu.edu RI ishak, ismarulyusda/E-3883-2012 NR 115 TC 276 Z9 304 U1 17 U2 112 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200005 PM 15647534 ER PT J AU Bastian, RK Bachmaier, JT Schmidt, DW Salomon, SN Jones, A Chiu, WA Setlow, LW Wolbarst, AB Yu, C Goodman, J Lenhart, T AF Bastian, RK Bachmaier, JT Schmidt, DW Salomon, SN Jones, A Chiu, WA Setlow, LW Wolbarst, AB Yu, C Goodman, J Lenhart, T TI Radioactive materials in biosolids: National survey, dose modeling, and publicly owned treatment works (POTW) guidance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL AB The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) announced the availability of three new documents concerning radioactive materials in sewage sludge and ash from publicly owned treatment works (POTW). One of the documents is a report presenting the results of a volunteer survey of sewage sludge and ash samples provided by 313 POTWs. The second document is a dose modeling document, using multiple exposure pathway modeling focused on a series of generic scenarios, to track possible exposure of POTW workers and members of the general public to radioactivity from the sewage sludge or ash. The third document is a guidance report providing recommendations on the management of radioactivity in sewage sludge and ash for POTW owners and operators. This pap er explains how radioactive materials enter POTWs, provides criteria for evaluating levels of radioactive material in sludge and ash, and gives a summary of the results of the survey and dose modeling efforts. C1 US EPA, Off Wastewater Management 4204M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, NMSS, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, OSTP, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, RES, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, EA Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Radiat, Bur Environm Radiat, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NE Ohio Reg Sewer Dist, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Bastian, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wastewater Management 4204M, Room 7220B,EPA EAST,1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bastian.robert@epa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200006 PM 15647535 ER PT J AU Kester, GB Brobst, RB Carpenter, A Chaney, RL Rubin, AB Schoof, RA Taylor, DS AF Kester, GB Brobst, RB Carpenter, A Chaney, RL Rubin, AB Schoof, RA Taylor, DS TI Risk characterization, assessment, and management of organic pollutants in beneficially used residual products SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; TRACE ORGANICS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOIL; BIOSOLIDS; CONTAMINANTS; LAND; DIOXINS; FURANS; FATE AB A wide array of organic chemicals occur in biosolids and other residuals recycled to land. The extent of our knowledge about the chemicals and the impact on recycling programs varies from high to very low. Two significant challenges in regulating these materials are to accurately determine the concentrations of the organic compounds in residuals and to appropriately estimate the risk that the chemicals present from land application or public distribution. This paper examines both challenges and offers strategies for assessing the risks related to the occurrence of organic compounds in residuals used as soil amendments. Important attributes that must be understood to appropriately characterize and manage the potential risks for organic chemicals in biosolids include toxicity and dose response, transport potential, chemical structure and environmental stability, analytical capability in the matrix of interest, concentrations and persistence in waste streams, plant uptake, availability from surface application versus incorporation, solubility factors, and environmental fate. This information is complete for only a few chemicals. Questions persist about the far greater number of chemicals for which toxicity and environmental behavior are less well understood. This paper provides a synopsis of analytical issues, risk assessment methodologies, and risk management screening alternatives for organic constituents in biosolids. Examples from experience in Wisconsin are emphasized but can be extrapolated for broader application. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, State Residuals Coordinator, Madison, WI 53703 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Northern Tilth, Belfast, ME 04915 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Connecting Wing, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Integral Consulting Inc, Mercer Isl, WA 98040 USA. Madison Metropolitan Sewerage Dist, Madison, WI 53713 USA. RP Kester, GB (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, State Residuals Coordinator, 101 S Webster St,WT-2, Madison, WI 53703 USA. EM Greg.Kester@dnr.state.wi.us NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200008 PM 15647537 ER PT J AU Brown, S Sprenger, M Maxemchuk, A Compton, H AF Brown, S Sprenger, M Maxemchuk, A Compton, H TI Ecosystem function in alluvial tailings after biosolids and lime addition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; SMALL MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; FLUORSPAR TAILINGS; SOREX-ARANEUS; SOIL-NITROGEN; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; CADMIUM; LEAD; AVAILABILITY AB Municipal biosolids and agricultural limestone were incorporated into the surface of alluvial highly acidic, metal-contaminated mine tailings in Leadville, CO, in 1998. Amended sites were seeded and a plant cover was subsequently established. A range of chemical and biological parameters were measured over time to determine if treatment was sufficient to restore ecosystem function. An uncontaminated upstream control (UUC), a contaminated vegetated area (CVA), and soils collected from the tailings deposits before amendment addition were used for comparison. Standard soil extracts showed decreases in extractable Pb, Zn, and Cd in the amended soils. Increased CO(2) evolution, reduced N(2)O, and elevated NO(3)(-) in the amended tailings indicated an active microbial community. Levels Of CO(2) and NO(3)(-) were elevated in comparison with the CVA and UUC. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and earthworm (Eisenia foetida) survival and metal uptake values were similar in amended tailings to a laboratory control soil. Ryegrass and worms in unamended tailings died. Field plant diversity was lower in amended areas than in CVA or UUC, with a higher percentage of the vegetative cover consisting of grasses. Small mammal analysis showed a low potential for elevated body Cd and Pb in the amended tailings. A re-entrainment study using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) showed no danger for resuspended amended tailings, as survival of fish was similar to the laboratory control. Data suggest that ecosystem function has been restored to the amended tailings, but that these systems are not yet in equilibrium. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Environm Response Team, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. Lockheed Martin, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slb@u.washington.edu NR 63 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200014 PM 15647543 ER PT J AU Bastian, RK AF Bastian, RK TI Interpreting science in the real world for sustainable land application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Land Application CY 2004 CL Orlando, FL ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOIL; BIOSOLIDS; GRASSLAND; PLANT; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; NITROGEN; QUALITY; SPRAY AB Today's land application practices are designed to effectively treat wastes, and have evolved from earlier practices that centered on cheap disposal with less regard for environmental protection. The major objectives of this paper are to (i) review how current land application practices, and our understanding of them, have evolved over time and (ii) explore how science is used (and sometimes misused or ignored) in the development of design, regulation, and management of sustainable land application. Land treatment technologies have been used effectively for the treatment and recycling of many types of wastewaters and organic residuals for many years. Extensive research and demonstration efforts, as well as experience with pilot- and field-scale projects, have provided the information about soil reactions with contaminants in wastewater and organic residuals needed to design and operate sustainable land application projects. Still, systematic research programs are as important today as ever to support studies aimed at producing information on how soil-based treatment and recycling systems work, to address new areas of concerns as they arise, and continue to improve the overall design, performance, and reliability of land application systems as sustainable soil treatment and recycling systems. C1 US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, EPA EAST, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bastian, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, EPA EAST, 4204M,Room 7220B,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bastian.robert@epa.gov NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 174 EP 183 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889FF UT WOS:000226428200018 PM 15647547 ER PT J AU Hodge, VF Farmer, DE Diaz, T Orndorff, RL AF Hodge, VF Farmer, DE Diaz, T Orndorff, RL TI Prompt detection of alpha particles from Po-210: another clue to the origin of rock varnish? SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE rock varnish; surface activity; Po-210; Pu-239.240; Pu-238; Cs-137 ID DESERT VARNISH; PLUTONIUM; ACCUMULATION; SOIL AB Alpha particles have been measured coming from the surfaces of rocks covered with dark red-brown rock varnish. as well as rocks that appear to have little. if any. varnish. A pronounced peak at 5.3 MeV indicates the presence of Po-210, a short-lived natural-radioactive element. Surface activities for 33 samples range from 0.008 Bq/cm(2) to 0.065 Bq/cm(2). It is estimated that this nuclide is concentrated 10(11)times in these paper-thin coatings above its concentration in ground-level air. Gamma rays from the decay of Cs-137, a product of testing nuclear weapons some 50 years ago, were also detected. Analysis of samples of varnish stripped from the rock revealed traces of Pu-239.240 and Pu-238. The presence of all of these isotopes strongly supports the theory that varnish films derive their building blocks from the atmosphere and, with time, all rocks in arid environments will become coated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Hodge, VF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 S Maryl & Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM hodgev@unlv.neveda.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2005 VL 78 IS 3 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.05.009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881DS UT WOS:000225844200005 PM 15511566 ER PT J AU Zartarian, V Bahadori, T McKone, T AF Zartarian, V Bahadori, T McKone, T TI Adoption of an official ISEA glossary SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE terminology; glossary; nomenclature; IPCS; ISEA; harmonization AB The International Society for Exposure Analysis (ISEA) and its Nomenclature Committee have been involved since the mid-1990s in an intermittent but ongoing effort to develop an official ISEA glossary. Several related activities have stimulated greater interest and discussion nationally and internationally on a common exposure language. Among these activites are a 1997 Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology feature article on exposure and dose definitions and a 1999-initiated project of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (WHO/ILO/UNEP) to confront terminology issues hindering harmonization in the area of exposure assessment. Recently, the ISEA members voted in support of adopting the IPCS glossary as the official ISEA glossary, and the ISEA Executive Board agreed to accept this recommendation. In this feature article, we ( 1) describe the process through which the ISEA adopted the IPCS glossary as the official ISEA glossary, (2) present the joint IPCS/ISEA glossary of terms and their definitions, and (3) discuss plans for how the glossary can be used by ISEA and updated over time by ISEA and IPCS. The glossary is intended to be a living document that reflects the latest usage and maintains international harmonization of exposure terminology that can be practically applied to improve communication in exposure and related fields. C1 US EPA, Boston, MA USA. Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Zartarian, V (reprint author), 1 Congress St,Suite 1100,Mailcode CAP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM zartarian.valerie@epa.gov NR 7 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500411 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 884ZO UT WOS:000226125400001 PM 15562291 ER PT J AU Freeman, NCG Hore, P Black, K Jimenez, M Sheldon, L Tulve, N Lioy, PJ AF Freeman, NCG Hore, P Black, K Jimenez, M Sheldon, L Tulve, N Lioy, PJ TI Contributions of children's activities to pesticide hand loadings following residential pesticide application SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; pesticides; chlorpyrifos; exposure pathways; activity patterns ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NONDIETARY INGESTION; POTENTIAL EXPOSURE; US/MEXICO BORDER; METHODOLOGIES; CHLORPYRIFOS; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; FOOD AB The role of children's activities in leading to pesticide exposure was evaluated by comparing pesticide loadings on the hands of children with the activities of the same children observed over a 4-h period. In all, 10 children ranging in age from 24 to 55 months were videotaped on the second day following a routine professional crack and crevice chlorpyrifos application in their homes. Before and following the video session, the children's hands were rinsed in isopropyl alcohol. Thus, only the chlorpyrifos that accumulated on and remained on the child's hands during the videotaping were removed for analysis after the videotaping session. The rinsate was analyzed for chlorpyrifos. The children's behaviors were quantified using virtual tracking device and the frequency and duration of behaviors, the hourly rate of behaviors, and the locations in which behaviors occurred were compared to hand loadings of pesticides. Pesticide hand loadings obtained following the videotaping sessions were associated with pesticide levels on surfaces and toys, but not with air levels. Pesticide loadings obtained following the videotaping sessions were also associated with frequencies, durations, and hourly rates of contact with bottles, and object-to-mouth behaviors, as well as contact duration with upholstered/textured surfaces. The hand loadings were also associated with the number of locations where the children exhibited object-to-mouth behavior and with children's use of house space during the videotaping sessions. C1 EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ USA. UMDNJ, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Freeman, NCG (reprint author), 11 Cleveland Circle, Skillman, NJ 08558 USA. EM nfreeman@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500348 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 884ZO UT WOS:000226125400010 PM 15039793 ER PT J AU Scott, DB Tobin, R Williamson, M Medioli, FS Latimer, JS Boothman, WA Asioli, A Haury, V AF Scott, DB Tobin, R Williamson, M Medioli, FS Latimer, JS Boothman, WA Asioli, A Haury, V TI Pollution monitoring in two north American estuaries: Historical reconstructions using benthic foraminifera SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; HALIFAX HARBOR; NOVA-SCOTIA; SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATION; ASSEMBLAGES; HOLOCENE; IMPACT; METAL; HYDROCARBON AB Both surface and core studies from two highly impacted estuaries (New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA and Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada) were carried out to determine if benthic foraminifera could be used to detect changes through time in these areas. New Bedford Harbor is in a highly industrialized area that has undergone severe environmental stresses from a variety of sources for almost 400 years, and has been declared an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund site (i.e., a site so impacted that a special EPA fund is set up to clean it up in designated time frame). Halifax Harbour has been subjected mostly to domestic pollution (i.e., organic carbon produced by human wastes), rather than industrial (chemical) pollution since the founding of the city in 1749. Although many geochemical studies have been done in both estuaries, there are few baseline data on the biota. In this paper we use benthic foraminiferal assemblages retrieved from sediment cores to reconstruct biotic changes of the recent past. It is then possible to correlate faunal changes with already known geochemical parameters. The character of the pollution has changed in New Bedford Harbor as remediation efforts have taken hold. This change was detected with the foraminifera. One outcome is that deformities among one species, Haynesina orbiculare, appear to occur simultaneously with high polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the sediments. In Halifax Harbour, where the largest impact is due to high organic input from domestic sources, species tolerant of low-oxygen conditions are most prominent at present. Core studies show that prior to the rapid growth of Halifax (in the 1960s) the organic input was much lower than at present. The higher input of organic carbon (OC) at present is indicated by foraminiferal species tolerant of high OC in cores since 1960, generally those with agglutinated as opposed to calcareous tests. We define industrial vs. OC pollution in sediments using foraminifera as proxies, and further, the environmental history is accurately depicted without original baseline data. Data from these two estuaries can be compared to other sites where degradation may be in different stages, which can be assessed by looking at foraminiferal faunas in those areas. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Mineral & Petrol, CNR, Ctr Studio Geodinam Alpina, I-35137 Padua, Italy. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Geol, Erlangen, Germany. RP Scott, DB (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM David.Scott@Dal.Ca RI Latimer, James/C-1632-2009; OI Latimer, James/0000-0002-6722-520X; Asioli, Alessandra/0000-0002-2060-4659 NR 83 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 65 EP 82 DI 10.2113/35.1.65 PG 18 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 897GC UT WOS:000226991000006 ER PT J AU Rockwell, DC Warren, GJ Bertram, PE Salisbury, DK Burns, NM AF Rockwell, David C. Warren, Glenn J. Bertram, Paul E. Salisbury, Douglas K. Burns, Noel M. TI The US EPA Lake Erie indicators monitoring program 1983-2002: Trends in phosphorus, silica, and chlorophyll a in the central basin SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; phosphorus; chlorophyll a; silica; trends; Dreissenidae ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SAGINAW BAY; ZEBRA MUSSELS; HURON; IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEM; PHYTOPLANKTON; COLONIZATION; NITROGEN AB During the past 20 years, Lake Erie has exhibited a series of complex chemical changes resulting from changing anthropogenic influences and introductions of exotic species. Since 1990, some apparent trends in nutrient concentrations have been inconsistent with the predictions of models originally used to guide Lake Erie water quality management. We performed time trend analysis on total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and dissolved reactive silica (DRS) measurements collected during spring and summer in the central basin of Lake Erie between 1983 and 2002. Three distinct time trends in basin-specific, station-averaged open-water TP concentrations were observed over the 20-year period: 1983-1989 decreases, 1990-1997 increases, and 1997-2001 decreases. Exceptionally high levels of turbidity and TP were observed in spring 2002, possibly reflecting increasing frequency of winter storm events. Open-water concentrations of TP declined during the 1980s as annual TP loadings to Lake Erie declined below the 11,000 metric ton target level that had been expected to reduce central basin eutrophication. This was accompanied by a significant increase in available silica and in Chl a concentrations. During the period 1990-2002, when dreissenid mussels were abundant, spring TP concentrations increased but summer TP concentrations declined. Unexpected increases in spring central basin concentrations of DRS (exceeding 1 mg/L) were observed. During the same period, Chl a concentrations declined in the spring and rose slightly during summer. C1 US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Lakes Consulting, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Rockwell, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM Rockwell.David@epa.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 SU 2 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 057TS UT WOS:000238618700003 ER PT J AU Bierman, VJ Kaur, J DePinto, JV Feist, TJ Dilks, DW AF Bierman, VJ Kaur, J DePinto, JV Feist, TJ Dilks, DW TI Modeling the role of zebra mussels in the proliferation of blue-green algae in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; model; phytoplankton; zebra mussels; blue-green algae; Microcystis; Saginaw Bay ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA COLONIZATION; WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GREAT-LAKES; NEW-YORK; PHYTOPLANKTON; ERIE; IMPACTS AB Between 1991 and 1993, Saginaw Bay experienced an invasion by zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, which caused a significant perturbation to the ecosystem. Blooms of Microcystis, a toxin-producing blue-green alga, became re-established in the bay after the zebra mussel invasion. Microcystis blooms had all but been eliminated in the early 1980s with controls on external phosphorus loadings, but have re-occurred in the bay most summers since 1992. An apparent paradox is that these recent Microcystis blooms have not been accompanied by increases in external phosphorus loadings. An ecosystem model was used to investigate whether the re-occurrence of Microcystis could be due to changes caused by zebra mussels that impacted phytoplankton community structure and/or internal phosphorus dynamics. The model was first used to establish baseline conditions in Saginaw Bay for 1991, before zebra mussels significantly impacted the system. The baseline model was then used to investigate: (1) the composite impacts of zebra mussels with average 1991-1995 densities; (2) sensitivity to changes in zebra mussel densities and external phosphorus loadings; and (3) three hypotheses on potential causative factors for proliferation of blue-green algae. Under the model assumptions, selective rejection of blue-green algae by zebra mussels appears to be a necessary factor in the enhancement of blue-green production in the presence of zebra mussels. Enhancement also appears to depend on the increased sediment-water phosphorus flux associated with the presence of zebra mussels, the magnitude of zebra mussel densities, and the distribution of zebra mussel densities among different age groups. C1 Limno Tech Inc, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. Limno Tech Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. US EPA, WelSo Fed Serv, LLC, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Bierman, VJ (reprint author), Limno Tech Inc, 2109 Rolling Rd, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. EM vbierman@limno.com NR 82 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 28 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 32 EP 55 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 940LH UT WOS:000230145500004 ER PT J AU Burns, NM Rockwell, DC Bertram, PE Dolan, DM Ciborowski, JJH AF Burns, NM Rockwell, DC Bertram, PE Dolan, DM Ciborowski, JJH TI Trends in temperature, Secchi depth, and dissolved oxygen depletion rates in the central basin of Lake Erie, 1983-2002 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; phosphorus; turbidity; chlorophyll a; oxygen deficit; Dreissenidae ID GREAT-LAKES; SAGINAW BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; COLONIZATION; IMPACTS; WATERS; HURON AB We examined temperature trends in a 20-year set of monitoring records collected at multiple deep-water stations in the central basin of Lake Erie. Data collected were statistically corrected ("deseasonalized") to remove biases resulting from irregular sampling intervals within years. Depth-integrated summer temperature has increased by an average (+/- SE) of 0.037 +/- 0.01 degrees C per year. An observed reduction of Secchi depth (SD) by 7 +/- 3 cm/y seems to be unrelated to variation in either total phosphorus (TP) or chlorophyll a concentrations. Midsummer midbasin SD values varied widely between 4 and 10 m, possibly depending on whether phytoplankton were concentrated in the epilimnion (giving shallow SD), or whether phytoplankton had settled out of the epilimnion into the lower layers, giving deeper SD values. Hypolimnetic volume-corrected oxygen depletion (HVOD) rates have also been highly variable, ranging from 2.68 to 4.72 mg/L/mo. These rates are sensitive to production of oxygen in the thermocline and hypolimnion by photosynthetically active phytoplankton that have settled from the epilimnion. The HVOD rate in any year was correlated with the previous year's TP loading into Lake Erie. Since TP loading trends largely reflect the consequences of improving water treatment through the 1980s and increasing contributions from tributary run-off sediments through the 1990s, there is little direct evidence to suggest that the appearance of dreissenids has directly influenced hypolimnial oxygen depletion rates in the central basin. The observation that central-basin HVOD tracked the reductions in TP loadings through the 1980s may be the first affirmation that central basin hypolinmetic oxygen dynamics can be regulated by phosphorus inputs. This implies that TP loads must continue to be regulated if we wish to minimize oxygen depletion rates as a strategy to reduce the frequency of episodic central basin anoxia. C1 Lakes Consulting, Devonport 1309, New Zealand. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Burns, NM (reprint author), Lakes Consulting, 42 Seabreeze Rd, Devonport 1309, New Zealand. EM lakescon@xtra.co.nz NR 37 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 42 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 SU 2 BP 35 EP 49 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 057TS UT WOS:000238618700004 ER PT J AU Twiss, MR Langen, TA Bullerjahn, GS Wilhelm, SW Rockwell, DC AF Twiss, MR Langen, TA Bullerjahn, GS Wilhelm, SW Rockwell, DC TI The Lake Ontario Great Lakes science practicum: A model for training limnology students on how to conduct shipboard research in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE inquiry teaching; education; limnology; Lake Ontario AB The authors designed and led an 8-day limnology practicum conducted on the R/V Lake Guardian that focused on classical and emerging technologies in a series of four inter-dependent teaching modules. The practicum was tied together by a general research question (Are spatial patterns of Lake Ontario productivity a function of distance from the shoreline?), and a guided inquiry approach was used to help students frame testable hypotheses to address this question. Students collected a research-quality data set while participating in the practicum's teaching models, and subsequent to the cruise presented their results as oral papers at research conferences and as research papers. The design of this practicum may provide a useful model for other educators who wish to train the next generation of Great Lakes limnologists by conducting courses on a research vessel. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Clarkson Ctr Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US EPA, Monitoring & Indicators Branch, Great Lakes Nat Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Twiss, MR (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Clarkson Ctr Environm, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM mtwiss@clarkson.edu RI Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008 OI Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 943JX UT WOS:000230350800011 ER PT J AU Mason, DM Johnson, TB Harvey, CS Kitchell, JF Schram, ST Bronte, CR Hoff, MH Lozano, SJ Trebitz, AS Schreiner, DR Lamon, EC Hrabik, T AF Mason, DM Johnson, TB Harvey, CS Kitchell, JF Schram, ST Bronte, CR Hoff, MH Lozano, SJ Trebitz, AS Schreiner, DR Lamon, EC Hrabik, T TI Hydroacoustic estimates of abundance and spatial distribution of pelagic prey fishes in western Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydroacoustics; Lake Superior; lake herring; rainbow smelt; coregonines ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; TARGET-STRENGTH; RAINBOW-SMELT; MICHIGAN; TROUT; PATTERNS; PLANKTIVORES; RESTORATION; PREDATION; DEMAND AB Lake herring (Coregonus artedi) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) are a valuable prey resource for the recovering lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior. However, prey biomass may be insufficient to support the current predator demand. In August 1997, we assessed the abundance and spatial distribution of pelagic coregonines and rainbow smelt in western Lake Superior by combining a 120 kHz split beam acoustics system with midwater trawls. Coregonines comprised the majority of the midwater trawl catches and the length distributions for trawl caught fish coincided with estimated sizes of acoustic targets. Overall mean pelagic prey fish biomass was 15.56 kg ha(-1) with the greatest fish biomass occurring in the Apostle Islands region (27.98 kg ha(-1)), followed by the Duluth Minnesota region (20.22 kg ha(-1)), and with the lowest biomass occurring in the open waters of western Lake Superior (9.46 kg ha(-1)). Biomass estimates from hydroacoustics were typically 2-134 times greater than estimates derived from spring bottom trawl surveys. Prey fish biomass for Lake Superior is about order of magnitude less than acoustic estimates for Lakes Michigan and Ontario. Discrepancies observed between bioenergetics-based estimates of predator consumption of coregonines and earlier coregonine biomass estimates may be accounted for by our hydroacoustic estimates. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Fisheries Stn, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Levine Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Mason, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Doran.Mason@noaa.gov OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 426 EP 438 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 000VT UT WOS:000234491200006 ER PT J AU Kobzik, L Yang, ZP Huang, YC Koziel, H Jozefowski, S Imrich, A AF Kobzik, L Yang, ZP Huang, YC Koziel, H Jozefowski, S Imrich, A TI Increased female resistance to pneumonia via lung macrophage NOS3 SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Leukocyte-Biology CY SEP 21-24, 2005 CL Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Soc Leukocyte Biol HO Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2005 SU S MA 3 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 962PB UT WOS:000231743600004 ER PT J AU Cash, G AF Cash, G TI Coulson function and Hosoya index: extension of the relationship to polycyclic graphs and to new types of matching polynomials SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coulson function; Hosoya index ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL GRAPHS; ENUMERATION AB Gutman et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 355 (2002) 378-382] established a relationship between the Coulson function, F(G, x) = n - [ixphi' (G, ix)/phi(G, ix)], where phi is the characteristic polynomial, and the Hosoya index Z, which is the sum over all k of the counts of all k-matchings. Like the original Coulson function, this relationship was postulated only for trees. The present study shows that the relationship can be extended to ( poly) cyclic graphs by substituting the matching, or acyclic, polynomial for the characteristic polynomial. In addition, the relationship is extended to new types of matching polynomials that match cycles larger than edges (2-cycles). Finally, this presentation demonstrates a rigorous mathematical relationship between the graph adjacency matrices and the coefficients of these polynomials and describes computational algorithms for calculating them. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cash, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, 7403M,1200 Pennsylvania Av NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cash.gordon@epa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0259-9791 J9 J MATH CHEM JI J. Math. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s10910-004-1444-x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Mathematics GA 895YH UT WOS:000226900300003 ER PT J AU Espinoza, FP Minsker, BS Goldberg, DE AF Espinoza, FP Minsker, BS Goldberg, DE TI Adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm for groundwater remediation design SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SITU BIOREMEDIATION DESIGN; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; OPTIMIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SCALE; APPROXIMATIONS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; SEARCH; COSTS AB Optimal groundwater remediation design problems are often complex, nonlinear, and computationally intensive. Genetic algorithms allow solution of more complex nonlinear problems than traditional gradient-based approaches, but they are more computationally intensive. One way to improve performance is through inclusion of local search, creating a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA). This paper presents a new self-adaptive HGA (SAHGA) and compares its performance to a nonadaptive hybrid genetic algorithm (NAHGA) and the simple genetic algorithm (SGA) on a groundwater remediation problem. Of the two hybrid algorithms, SAHGA is shown to be far more robust than NAHGA, providing fast convergence across a broad range of parameter settings. For the test problem, SAHGA needs 75% fewer function evaluations than SGA, even with an inefficient local search method. These findings demonstrate that SAHGA has substantial promise for enabling solution of larger-scale problems than was previously possible. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Gen Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Espinoza, FP (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,222B-MS235, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM espinoza.felipe@epa.gov; minsker@uiuc.edu; deg@uiuc.edu NR 47 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:1(14) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 892TO UT WOS:000226673100003 ER PT J AU Vesper, SJ Wymer, LJ Meklin, T Varma, M Stott, R Richardson, M Haugland, RA AF Vesper, SJ Wymer, LJ Meklin, T Varma, M Stott, R Richardson, M Haugland, RA TI Comparison of populations of mould species in homes in the UK and USA using mould-specific quantitative PCR SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE British; indicator; indoor moulds; mould-specific quantitative PCR; population ID REAL-TIME; FUNGI; DUST AB Aims: To compare the populations of 81 mould species in homes in the USA and UK using mould-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MSQPCR) technology. Methods and Results: Dust samples were obtained from randomly selected homes in the UK (n = 11). The mould populations in British homes were compared with those found in typical homes (no visible mould) in the USA (in the state of Ohio, n = 45). Only 13 of 81 species screened showed significantly different concentrations in these two sets of home. Conclusions: Although only a small survey, the results suggest that typical mould profiles in the USA (Ohio) and British homes are very similar. Analysis of 26 mould indicator species revealed that the British homes fell into two clusters, tentatively identified as 'atypical' and 'typical' mould conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: MSQPCR analysis of dust samples can provide an objective measure of indoor moulds which could lead to better management of their health effects. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Kuopio, Finland. Fugenex & Allied Surveyors, Healthy Off, Kingston Upon Hull, E Yorkshire, England. Royal Inst Chartered Surveyors Fdn, London, England. Univ Helsinki, Haartman Inst, Dept Bacteriol & Immunol, Helsinki, Finland. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Richardson, Malcolm/0000-0001-5672-9552 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES11170] NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01764.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964FK UT WOS:000231864000013 PM 16162146 ER PT J AU Ware, MW Schaefer, FW AF Ware, MW Schaefer, FW TI The effects of time and temperature on flow cytometry enumerated live Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; flow cytometry; internal standard; live oocysts; storage ID PROTECTION-AGENCY METHOD-1623; WATER SAMPLES; INFECTIVITY; RECOVERY; PH AB Aims: Recoveries of spiked standard suspensions are used to evaluate method performance. For many applications, gamma-irradiated Cryptosporidium oocysts are appropriate. In contrast, methods that determine viability, such as Cryptosporidium cell culture, require the use of live oocysts. Oocyst standards are usually prepared at a flow cytometry laboratory for use at another laboratory, and thus the samples are shipped. The goal of this study was to evaluate the shipping and storage stability of flow cytometry enumerated live oocysts over time at three temperatures: 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C. Methods and Results: Replicate samples containing 100 live C. parvum oocysts were prepared by flow cytometry and stored at 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C. These samples were counted at various time points. Significant oocyst losses were observed after storage for 1 day at 37 degrees C, 7 days at room temperature and 21 days at 4 degrees C. Conclusions: Live C. parvum oocysts internal standards should be used within 10 days of preparation, and stored and shipped at 4 degrees C. Significance and Impact of the Study: When evaluating method performance with live oocysts, both the storage temperature and time are critical factors for obtaining reliable and accurate results. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ware, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM ware.michael@epa.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01784.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973QE UT WOS:000232536900003 PM 16238640 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Dodds, WK AF Fritz, KM Dodds, WK TI Harshness: characterisation of intermittent stream habitat over space and time SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE STREAM; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOW VARIABILITY; RIVERS; AUSTRALIA; ECOLOGY; INDEXES; PREDICTABILITY AB Frequently disturbed environments, such as intermittent streams, are ecologically useful for studying how disturbance characteristics (e.g. frequency, magnitude) affect community structure and succession. We developed a harshness index that quantifies ecologically pertinent spatial and temporal characteristics of prairie intermittent streams that may limit or reduce diversity and abundance to predict benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics. The index incorporates 11 variables that describe the hydrological regime (e.g. average flow, flow variability, drying and flooding) and distance to perennial surface water. We started with 27 variables, but removed 16 that did not increase the predictive value of the index. The relationships among index values and annual mean macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics (taxonomic richness, diversity, evenness and abundance) were tested over two years using seven sites that represent a range of flow permanence (recent and historical), flood magnitude ( recent and historical) and surface-water connectivity. Mean annual taxonomic richness was significantly related to the harshness index. Evenness and abundance were not related to harshness. Further analyses indicated that distance to the nearest permanent habitat was less important than annual or historical hydrological parameters, even though prior research had documented higher rates of colonisation at sites that were closer to nearest permanent habitat. Both annual factors that can alter abundance and colonisation immediately (e.g. floods, drought in each year) and historical factors (e.g. probability of drying, average length of dry period over decades) may influence assemblage characteristics. Historical factors may influence evolutionary adaptations of invertebrates and may predominate when relative disturbance rates are lower such as in years with less flooding. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Ecosyst Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epamail.epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 44 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1071/MF04244 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 894AK UT WOS:000226762000003 ER PT J AU Kemp, WM Boynton, WR Adolf, JE Boesch, DF Boicourt, WC Brush, G Cornwell, JC Fisher, TR Glibert, PM Hagy, JD Harding, LW Houde, ED Kimmel, DG Miller, WD Newell, RIE Roman, MR Smith, EM Stevenson, JC AF Kemp, WM Boynton, WR Adolf, JE Boesch, DF Boicourt, WC Brush, G Cornwell, JC Fisher, TR Glibert, PM Hagy, JD Harding, LW Houde, ED Kimmel, DG Miller, WD Newell, RIE Roman, MR Smith, EM Stevenson, JC TI Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE eutrophication; nutrients; Chesapeake Bay ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; DUTCH WADDEN SEA; SETO INLAND SEA AB This review provides an integrated synthesis with timelines and evaluations of ecological responses to eutrophication in Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the USA. Analyses of dated sediment cores reveal initial evidence of organic enrichment in similar to 200 yr old strata, while signs of increased phytoplankton and decreased water clarity first appeared similar to 100 yr ago. Severe, recurring deep-water hypoxia and loss of diverse submersed vascular plants were first evident in the 1950s and 1960s, respectively. The degradation of these benthic habitats has contributed to declines in benthic macro-infauna in deep mesohaline regions of the Bay and blue crabs in shallow polyhaline areas. In contrast, copepods, which are heavily consumed in pelagic food chains, are relatively unaffected by nutrient-induced changes in phytoplankton. Intense mortality associated with fisheries and disease have caused a dramatic decline in eastern oyster stocks and associated Bay water filtration, which may have exacerbated eutrophication effects on phytoplankton and water clarity. Extensive tidal marshes, which have served as effective nutrient buffers along the Bay margins, are now being lost with rising sea level. Although the Bay's overall fisheries production has probably not been affected by eutrophication, decreases in the relative contribution of demersal fish and in the efficiency with which primary production is transferred to harvest suggest fundamental shifts in trophic and habitat structures. Bay ecosystem responses to changes in nutrient loading are complicated by non-linear feedback mechanisms, including particle trapping and binding by benthic plants that increase water clarity, and by oxygen effects on benthic nutrient recycling efficiency. Observations in Bay tributaries undergoing recent reductions in nutrient input indicate relatively rapid recovery of some ecosystem functions but lags in the response of others. C1 Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Kemp, WM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM kemp@hpl.umces.edu RI Brush, Grace S./A-3288-2010; Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; roman, michael/F-9425-2013; kemp, Michael/F-9955-2013; glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013; Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012; Kimmel, David/A-9643-2012; Cornwell, Jeffrey/R-5506-2016; OI Brush, Grace S./0000-0003-1280-5933; glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674; Kimmel, David/0000-0001-7232-7801; Cornwell, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7111-2489; Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 NR 282 TC 546 Z9 559 U1 63 U2 405 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 303 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.3354/meps303001 PG 29 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 996ZJ UT WOS:000234214500001 ER PT J AU Eldridge, PM Cifuentes, LA Kaldy, JE AF Eldridge, PM Cifuentes, LA Kaldy, JE TI Development of a stable-isotope constraint system for estuarine food-web models SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE food webs; stable isotopes; estuarine processes; carbon cycling ID INVERSE ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SALT-MARSH; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; RATIOS; TEXAS; VARIABILITY; METABOLISM AB Since the mid-1970s, stable carbon isotopes have been used extensively to address diverse questions related to estuarine carbon cycling. Initially, the isotopic approach was used to identify sources of organic matter and to determine their fate in estuarine food webs. Results obtained with this technique were qualitative; however, more recent attempts to quantify sources or processes have typically relied on simple 2 or at most 3 end-member mixing models. The key assumption is that sources can be defined by a discrete value. This assumption often does not hold and, more importantly, the isotopic variation observed within sources contains significant information. In contrast, inverse-modeling of estuarine carbon cycling has the advantage that ranges of field and laboratory measurements and historical information can be utilized by this method. We used the inverse approach to revisit the issue of a headwater delta's contributions to an estuarine food-web under conditions of low freshwater inflow and after a flood-induced inundation of the delta (Rincon Delta, discharging into Nueces Bay, Texas, USA). We illustrate how isotopic constraints enhance results obtained with more traditional constraint systems. The results suggest that although benthic infauna production is stimulated by increased water flow and delta freshwater inundations, most of the allochthonous carbon is exported from Nueces Bay. C1 US EPA, WED, CEB, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Eldridge, PM (reprint author), US EPA, WED, CEB, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM eldridge.pete@epa.gov NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 303 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.3354/meps303073 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 996ZJ UT WOS:000234214500006 ER PT J AU Sherwood, OA Heikoop, JM Scott, DB Risk, MJ Guilderson, TP McKinney, RA AF Sherwood, OA Heikoop, JM Scott, DB Risk, MJ Guilderson, TP McKinney, RA TI Stable isotopic composition of deep-sea gorgonian corals Primnoa spp.: a new archive of surface processes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Primnoa; gorgonin; delta C-13; delta N-15; trophic level; paleoceanography ID LEPTOGORGIA-SARMENTOSA CNIDARIA; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; ARCTIC NORTHEAST PACIFIC; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; GEORGES BANK; PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; NITRATE UTILIZATION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SINKING PARTICLES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB The deep-sea gorgonian coral Primnoa spp. live in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at depths of 65 to 3200 m. They have an arborescent growth form with a skeletal axis composed of annual rings made from calcite and gorgonin. Lifespans may exceed several hundreds of years. It has been suggested that isotope profiles from the gorgonin fraction of the skeleton could be used to reconstruct long-term, annual-scale variations in surface productivity. We tested assumptions about the trophic level, intra- and inter-colony isotopic reproducibility, and preservation of isotopic signatures in a suite of modern and fossil specimens. Measurements of gorgonin delta N-15 indicate that Primnoa spp. feed mainly on zooplankton and/or sinking particulate organic matter (POMsink), and not on suspended POM (POMsusp) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Gorgonin delta C-13 and delta N-15 in specimens from NE Pacific shelf waters, NW Atlantic slope waters, the Sea of Japan, and a South Pacific (Southern Ocean sector) seamount were strongly correlated with surface apparent oxygen utilization (AOU; the best available measure of surface productivity), demonstrating coupling between skeletal isotopic ratios and biophysical processes in surface water. Time-series isotopic profiles from different sections along the same colony, and different colonies inhabiting the same area were identical for delta C-13, while delta N-15 profiles were less reproducible. Similarity in C:N, delta C-13 and delta(15) N between modern and fossil specimens suggest that isotopic signatures are preserved over millennial timescales. These results support the use of Primnoa spp. as historical recorders of surface water processes such as biological productivity and the isotopic composition of source nutrients. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherwood, OA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM osherwoo@dal.ca RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 65 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 301 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.3354/meps301135 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 988CT UT WOS:000233569700012 ER PT J AU Pospelova, V Chmura, GL Boothman, WS Latimer, JS AF Pospelova, V Chmura, GL Boothman, WS Latimer, JS TI Spatial distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts in polluted estuarine sediments from Buzzards Bay (Massachusetts, USA) embayments SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dinoflagellate cyst; Eutrophication; heavy metals; sewage; wastewater treatment plant; PCBs; Apponagansett Bay; New Bedford Harbor ID NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR; NEW-ENGLAND USA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; INDUSTRIAL-POLLUTION; APPONAGANSETT BAY; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; NORWEGIAN FJORD; YOKOHAMA-PORT; TOKYO-BAY; EUTROPHICATION AB Analysis of the spatial distribution of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in 19 surface sediment samples collected from 3 Buzzards Bay (Massachusetts, USA) embayments revealed the potential applicability of dinoflagellate cysts as biological indicators of environmental conditions in estuarine systems. Sites with the highest levels of toxic pollution and hypertrophic conditions are characterized by the lowest dinoflagellate cyst species-richness and concentrations. Among the abiotic factors influencing the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts, nutrients and toxic pollution are the major controls, as in these embayments salinity and temperature variability is low. Principal component analysis, based on the proportions of cyst taxa, indicated that cyst assemblages gradually change when moving away from the sources of nutrient pollution, sewage outfalls in particular. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K7, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K7, Canada. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. US Environm Protect Agcy, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Pospelova, V (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K7, Canada. EM vpospe@uvic.ca RI Latimer, James/C-1632-2009 OI Latimer, James/0000-0002-6722-520X NR 54 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 292 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.3354/meps292023 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937MJ UT WOS:000229927900003 ER PT S AU Gutierrez, SC Haught, RC Lytle, DA Rice, EW Williams, MM AF Gutierrez, SC Haught, RC Lytle, DA Rice, EW Williams, MM BE Omelchenko, A Pivovarov, AA Swindall, WJ TI Advances in drinking water treatment in the United States SO Modern Tools and Methods of Water Treatment for Improving Living Standards SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Modern Tools and Methods of Water Treatment for Improving Living Standards CY NOV 19-22, 2003 CL Dnepropetrovsk, UKRAINE SP NATO AB The United States drinking water public health protection goal is to provide water that meets all health-based standards to ninety-five percent of the population served by public drinking water supplies by 2005. In 2002, the level of compliance with some eighty-five health-based standards was ninety-four percent. This significant accomplishment has been achieved through strong regulation and technical support to drinking water supply systems. The engineering and risk management research program that supports drinking water regulation has developed the Drinking Water Contaminant Management Framework to organize research related to control of a contaminant or group of contaminants in drinking water. The recent lowering of the arsenic drinking water standard serves as a case study for application of the Framework. Emerging research areas include the use of DNA based analytical techniques to advance our understanding of microbial contaminants in drinking water and water security. Real-time monitoring techniques will require significant advancement before they can be relied upon to insure drinking water protection. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gutierrez, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3114-9 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCY20 UT WOS:000231849000001 ER PT S AU Williams, DJ Feldman, BL Williams, TJ Pilant, D Lucey, PG Worthy, LD AF Williams, DJ Feldman, BL Williams, TJ Pilant, D Lucey, PG Worthy, LD BE Larar, AM Suzuki, M Tong, Q TI Detection and identification of toxic air pollutants using airborne LWIR hyperspectral imaging SO MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Instruments and Applications II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm AB Airborne longwave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral imagery was utilized to detect and identify gaseous chemical release plumes at sites in southern Texas. The Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (AHI), developed by the University of Hawai'i, was flown over a petrochemical facility and a confined animal feeding operation on a modified DC-3 during April, 2004. Data collected by the AM system was successfully used to detect and identify numerous plumes at both sites. Preliminary results indicate the presence of benzene and ammonia and several other organic compounds. Emissions were identified using regression analysis on atmospherically compensated data. Data validation was conducted using facility emission inventories. This technology has great promise for monitoring and inventorying facility emissions, and may be used as means to assist ground inspection teams to focus on actual fugitive emission points. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.davidj@epa.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5616-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5655 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1117/12.578819 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BBT08 UT WOS:000227663600014 ER PT J AU Claxton, LD AF Claxton, LD TI Scientific authorship Part 1. A window into scientific fraud? SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE falsification; fabrication; plagiarism; fraud; misconduct; scientific publication ID BELL-LABS INQUIRY; OF-INTEREST; MISCONDUCT; SCIENCE; PUBLICATION; RETRACTION; HARVARD; ETHICS; INVESTIGATORS; ALLEGATIONS AB The examination of a single scientific manuscript seldom alerts scientists, reviewers, editors, and scientific administrators to the fabrication and falsification of data and information. This review shows that most documented cases of scientific fraud involve falsification (altering truthful information) and fabrication (inventing information where none previously existed). Plagiarism is much less frequent. The review of published accounts also shows that the publication of scientific papers containing recognizable fraudulent material is very low, probably less than 0.02% and extremely difficult to detect. Because most reported cases of fraud have involved research done at prestigious organizations with distinguished co-authors, and that is published in journals with exacting review processes, it becomes evident that some unscrupulous scientists are adept at fabricating and falsifying data. However, "significant" scientific fraud is detected when scientists repeatedly report results that cannot be independently verified, when colleagues report suspicious behaviour, or scientific audits are performed. This review documents and compares many of the better-known cases of scientific fraud. Fraudulent behaviour has served as the impetus for the scientific community to develop publication procedures and guidelines that help to guard against not only fraudulent behaviour but also against other types of unethical or undesirable behaviours. A companion paper reviews the non-fraudulent issues associated with scientific publication. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Claxton, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 101 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 589 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.07.003 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 895PD UT WOS:000226874500002 PM 15652224 ER PT J AU Claxton, LD AF Claxton, LD TI Scientific authorship Part 2. History, recurring issues, practices, and guidelines SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE author; scientific publication; authorship allocation; guidelines; ethics; interprofessional relations; publishing ID CONFLICTS-OF-INTEREST; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PUBLICATION; MISCONDUCT; RESPONSIBILITY; ETHICS; BIAS AB One challenge for most scientists is avoiding and resolving issues that center around authorship and the publishing of scientific manuscripts. While trying to place the research in proper context, impart new knowledge, follow proper guidelines, and publish in the most appropriate journal, the scientist often must deal with multi-collaborator issues like authorship allocation, trust and dependence, and resolution of publication conflicts. Most guidelines regarding publications, commentaries, and editorials have evolved from the ranks of editors in an effort to diminish the issues that faced them as editors. For example, the Ingelfinger rule attempts to prevent duplicate publications of the same study. This paper provides a historical overview of commonly encountered scientific authorship issues, a comparison of opinions on these issues, and the influence of various organizations and guidelines in regards to these issues. For example, a number of organizations provide guidelines for author allocation; however, a comparison shows that these guidelines differ on who should be an author, rules for ordering authors, and the level of responsibility for coauthors. Needs that emerge from this review are (a) a need for more controlled studies on authorship issues, (b) an increased awareness and a buy-in to consensus views by non-editor groups, e.g., managers, authors, reviewers, and scientific societies, and (c) a need for editors to express a greater understanding of authors' dilemmas and to exhibit greater flexibility. Also needed are occasions (e.g., an international congress) when editors and others (managers, authors, etc.) can directly exchange views, develop consensus approaches and solutions, and seek agreement on how to resolve authorship issues. Open dialogue is healthy, and it is essential for scientific integrity to be protected so that younger scientists can confidently follow the lead of their predecessors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Claxton, LD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 68 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 589 IS 1 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.07.002 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 895PD UT WOS:000226874500003 PM 15652225 ER PT B AU Mosley, RB AF Mosley, RB BE McLaughlin, JP Simopoulos, SE Steinhausler, F TI Preferential radon transport through highly permeable channels in soils SO Natural Radiation Environment VII SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VII) CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP US EPA ID HOUSES; GAS; RN-222; MODEL AB Indoor radon levels (that can pose a serious health risk) can be dramatically increased by air that is drawn into buildings through pipe penetrations that connect to permeable channels in soils. The channels, commonly containing gravel bedding around utility pipes, act as a collection plenum for soil radon and can draw air from distances approaching 100 m. Equations characterizing air and radon flow in such channels are developed and compared with field data in this paper. This pollutant entry mechanism has recently attracted new attention because of its relevance to entry of volatile organic compounds from contaminated groundwater, leaking storage tanks, landfills, and other sources of soil vapor contamination. Three test channels were constructed to simulate conditions associated with utility line installations. The channels were constructed in 0.3 m wide trenches at depths between 0.9 and 1.2 m. A 63 m long channel was filled with clean gravel, and two 30 m long channels were filled with native soil and sand, respectively. The trench volumes above the channels were backfilled with native soil. A suction tube was installed at one end of each channel for pumping air from it, and air-sampling tubes were installed at regular intervals along the channel to monitor air pressure distributions and radon concentrations. Site sampling characterized soil radium, emanation, moisture, particle size, density, specific gravity, permeability, and diffusion coefficient properties. Soils were relatively homogeneous in all respects except for reduced density in the recompacted soil above the channels and slightly reduced moisture in near-surface soils. The soil radon generation rate was 99.9 Bq m(-3) s(-1), compared to 7.4 Bq m(-3) s(-1) for the gravel and 29.6 Bq m(-3) s(-1) for the sand. The effective permeability of site soils was observed to increase over a 3-month period during the spring and early summer. Experiments, in which air was extracted through the suction tube, showed that pressures and air flow rates decreased exponentially with distance along each channel, as predicted. Pressure influences in the gravel channel propagated more than 30 m, while those in the soil and sand channels were limited to approximately 5 m. Pressures calculated from independent permeability measurements agreed with measured pressure profiles in the gravel channel within an average of 12%. Radon concentrations in the channels were lower than in surrounding soil because of their greater porosity and reduced radon source strengths. With constant suction from the end of the gravel channel, radon concentrations within 10 to 20 m of the suction point were diluted by infiltrating surface air despite the increased advective transport of radon from surrounding soils into the channel. The resulting radon profile had concentrations near the outlet that were about 75% of the concentrations at 60 m distance. Calculated concentrations near the outlet averaged within 14% of measured concentrations, and calculated concentrations at the opposite end were within 2% of the measured concentrations. Despite dilution by infiltrating surface air, radon produced by the gravel channel was approximately 12.7 Bq s(-1), which is sufficient to produce indoor radon concentrations above 222 Bq m(-3) in a typical single-story house with a ventilation rate of 0.5 air changes per hour. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mosley, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044137-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2005 VL 7 BP 238 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S1569-4860(04)07027-5 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCI12 UT WOS:000229424900027 ER PT B AU Rydell, S AF Rydell, S BE McLaughlin, JP Simopoulos, SE Steinhausler, F TI User-friendly computer programs that calculate radon cancer risks, progeny accumulation and gamma exposure SO Natural Radiation Environment VII SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VII) CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP US EPA AB Estimating risks from radon exposure may be inconsequential unless this information is made clear to (a) the at-risk population and/or (b) those making radon policy decisions in public health, radon education, and risk reduction programs. A decade of limited success in communicating radon risk information with tools such as nomograms, spread sheets, and perplexing computer programs has indicated the need for a different approach. In these programs, the approach is to document the risk model parameters and formulas used yet mask the technical complexity of the risk calculation engine, thus maintaining scientific rigor behind a user-friendly graphic user interface. This user interface simplifies the input of information and the display of results in easy-to-read forms such as bar graphs, which has led to greater acceptance and use of risk-estimating models. Because they combine ease of use and technical accuracy/currency, these programs are useful to a wide range of technical and non-technical users, from individual homeowners to radiation scientists and radon technologists. Using the 1999 National Academy of Sciences BEIR VI health risk estimates, the models consider up to three radon sources and three exposure pathways. Since smoking is known to enhance the effects of radon exposure, smoking history is included when calculating risk in individual households. Interest in the models outside the United States encouraged internationalization through adding SI units to these computer programs originally developed for use in the United States. Two of a number of programs developed by the author will be presented: (1) UR3M, which addresses combined source radon risk evaluations and remediation decisions based on either a single house or a group of houses, and (2) CARBDOSE, which addresses options concerning radon removal from water by GAC filters, the accumulation of progeny with their attendant gamma radiation, and the Pb-210 growth and ensuing filter disposal issues. A third program, the Bq-Ci calculator, is integrated into the other two programs and provides unit conversion to SI for international convenience. C1 US EPA, Off Ecosyst Protect, Radiat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Rydell, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ecosyst Protect, Radiat Unit, 1 Congress St,Reg 1, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044137-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2005 VL 7 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S1569-4860(04)07029-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCI12 UT WOS:000229424900029 ER PT J AU Salinas, KA Kotcon, J AF Salinas, KA Kotcon, J TI In vitro culturing of the predatory soil nematode Clarkus papillatus SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE free-living nematode; Mononchidae; population dynamics ID MONONCHIDA AB Clarkus papillatus is a widely distributed predatory soil nematode and is of interest in the study of soil ecology, yet very little information exists on its in vitro culturing. In this investigation, an artificial environment was created to maintain C. papillatus for multi-generational studies. The mean number of C. papillatus increased significantly over time when starting the cultures with three adults per plate. Clarkus papillatus had a significantly higher median fecundity at 20, 25 and 28 degrees C than at five other temperatures. Juvenile C. papillatus could not survive without adults in culture and, therefore, may require adult maceration of prey nematodes to survive in vitro. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Salinas, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM k_a_salinas@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2005 VL 7 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1163/1568541054192162 PN 1 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 945PJ UT WOS:000230514300002 ER PT J AU Kamel, F Umbach, DM Hu, H Munsat, TL Shefner, JM Taylor, JA Sandler, DP AF Kamel, F. Umbach, D. M. Hu, H. Munsat, T. L. Shefner, J. M. Taylor, J. A. Sandler, D. P. TI Lead Exposure as a Risk Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SO NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Epidemiology; Lead exposure; Environment AB Background: The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) likely involves an environmental component. We qualitatively assessed literature on ALS and lead exposure. Problems of study design make case reports and studies of lead in blood or tissues difficult to interpret. Most previous case-control studies found an association of ALS with self-reported occupational exposure to lead, with increased risks of 2- to 1 4-fold. However, these results may have been affected by recall bias. Objective: To address inconsistencies among published reports, we used both lead biomarkers and interview data to assess lead exposure, and we evaluated the role of genetic susceptibility to lead. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in New England in 1993-1996 with 109 ALS cases and 256 population-based controls. We measured blood and bone lead levels, the latter using X-ray fluorescence, and interviewed participants regarding sources of lead exposure. Results: In our study, ALS was associated with self-reported occupational lead exposure, with a dose response for cumulative days of exposure. ALS was also associated with blood and bone lead levels, with a 1.9-fold increase in risk for each mu g/dl increment in blood lead and a 2.3- to 3.6-fold increase for each doubling of bone lead. A polymorphism in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene was associated with a 1.9-fold increase in ALS risk. Conclusion: These results, together with previous studies, suggest that lead exposure plays a role in the etiology of ALS. An increase in mobilization of lead from bone into blood may play a role in the acute onset of disease. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Kamel, F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hu, H.; Sandler, D. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hu, H.; Sandler, D. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munsat, T. L.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Shefner, J. M.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Kamel, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kamel@mail.nih.gov OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; taylor, jack/0000-0001-5303-6398; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Lyle Lansdell and Karen Catoe conducted the study; Dr. Terry Lehman analyzed ALAD polymorphisms, and Dr. Michael Bohlig and Dr. Larry Park provided statistical programming support. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 57 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-2854 EI 1660-2862 J9 NEURODEGENER DIS JI Neurodegener. Dis. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1159/000089625 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V24IL UT WOS:000208404000011 PM 16909025 ER PT J AU Thompson, KL Rosenzweig, BA Pine, PS Retief, J Turpaz, Y Afshari, CA Hamadeh, HK Damore, MA Boedigheimer, M Blomme, E Ciurlionis, R Waring, JF Fuscoe, JC Paules, R Tucker, CJ Fare, T Coffey, EM He, Y Collins, PJ Jarnagin, K Fujimoto, S Ganter, B Kiser, G Kaysser-Kranich, T Sina, J Sistare, FD AF Thompson, KL Rosenzweig, BA Pine, PS Retief, J Turpaz, Y Afshari, CA Hamadeh, HK Damore, MA Boedigheimer, M Blomme, E Ciurlionis, R Waring, JF Fuscoe, JC Paules, R Tucker, CJ Fare, T Coffey, EM He, Y Collins, PJ Jarnagin, K Fujimoto, S Ganter, B Kiser, G Kaysser-Kranich, T Sina, J Sistare, FD TI Use of a mixed tissue RNA design for performance assessments on multiple microarray formats SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION MEASUREMENTS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; ARRAYS; PLATFORMS; ACCURACY; DATABASE; NOISE AB The comparability and reliability of data generated using microarray technology would be enhanced by use of a common set of standards that allow accuracy, reproducibility and dynamic range assessments on multiple formats. We designed and tested a complex biological reagent for performance measurements on three commercial oligonucleotide array formats that differ in probe design and signal measurement methodology. The reagent is a set of two mixtures with different proportions of RNA for each of four rat tissues (brain, liver, kidney and testes). The design provides four known ratio measurements of > 200 reference probes, which were chosen for their tissue-selectivity, dynamic range coverage and alignment to the same exemplar transcript sequence across all three platforms. The data generated from testing three biological replicates of the reagent at eight laboratories on three array formats provides a benchmark set for both laboratory and data processing performance assessments. Close agreement with target ratios adjusted for sample complexity was achieved on all platforms and low variance was observed among platforms, replicates and sites. The mixed tissue design produces a reagent with known gene expression changes within a complex sample and can serve as a paradigm for performance standards for microarrays that target other species. C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rosetta Inpharmat LLC, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Agilent Technol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Iconix Pharmaceut Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. GE Healthcare, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Thompson, KL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, White Oak Life Sci Bldg 64,10903 New Hampshire Av, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM karol.thompson@fda.hhs.gov RI Kiser, Gretchen/A-3228-2013 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 22 AR e187 DI 10.1093/nar/gni186 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 000BP UT WOS:000234436200002 PM 16377776 ER PT B AU Lewis, RG AF Lewis, Robert G. BE Franklin, CA Worgan, JP TI Residential Post-Application Pesticide Exposure Monitoring SO OCCUPATIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR PESTICIDES SE Wiley Series in Agrochemicals and Plant Protection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASSESSING DERMAL EXPOSURE; VIDEO IMAGING TECHNIQUE; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; HIGH-VOLUME COLLECTION; CAT FLEA SIPHONAPTERA; INDOOR FOGGER USE; HOUSE-DUST; AMBIENT AIR C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lewis, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 186 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-01221-5; 978-0-471-48989-4 J9 W S AGROCHEM PLANT PY 2005 BP 71 EP 128 DI 10.1002/0470012218.ch3 D2 10.1002/0470012218 PG 58 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BXZ51 UT WOS:000297697400006 ER PT J AU Driver, J Ross, JH Pandian, M Evans, J Lunchick, C AF Driver, Jeffrey Ross, John H. Pandian, Muhilan Evans, Jeff Lunchick, Curt BE Franklin, CA Worgan, JP TI Residential (Non-Dietary) Post-Application Exposure Assessment SO OCCUPATIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR PESTICIDES SE Wiley Series in Agrochemicals and Plant Protection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POTENTIAL DERMAL TRANSFER; INDOOR FOGGER USE; INTERIM-REPORT; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES; CHILDREN; WIPE; SKIN C1 [Driver, Jeffrey] Infosci Com Inc, Manassas, VA 20111 USA. [Ross, John H.] Infosci Com Inc, Carmichael, CA 95608 USA. [Pandian, Muhilan] Infosci Com Inc, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. [Evans, Jeff] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lunchick, Curt] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Driver, J (reprint author), Infosci Com Inc, 10009 Wisakon Trail, Manassas, VA 20111 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-01221-5 J9 W S AGROCHEM PLANT PY 2005 BP 129 EP 170 DI 10.1002/0470012218.ch4 D2 10.1002/0470012218 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BXZ51 UT WOS:000297697400007 ER PT S AU Herrmann, JG AF Herrmann, JG BE Saito, TT TI Research to protect water infrastructure: EPA's water security research program SO Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Ctr Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Ctr Florida AB As the federal lead for water infrastructure security, EPA draws upon its long history of environmental protection to develop new tools and technologies that address potential attacks on drinking water and wastewater systems. The critical research described is improving awareness, preparedness, prevention, response, and recovery from threats or attacks against water systems. C1 US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Herrmann, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5766-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5781 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.606957 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCO32 UT WOS:000230404300007 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Woodruff, TJ Basu, R Schoendorf, KC AF Parker, JD Woodruff, TJ Basu, R Schoendorf, KC TI Air pollution and birth weight among term infants in California SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE air pollution; birth weight; environmental factors; fetal growth restriction ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE PARTICLES; CHILDREN BORN; FETAL-GROWTH; MORTALITY; ASSOCIATION; HEALTH; PREGNANCY AB Objective. To examine associations between birth weight and air pollution among full-term infants in California. Methods. We matched exposure data collected from air pollution monitors for small particles (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) to California birth records for singleton births delivered at 40 weeks' gestation in 2000 using the locations of the monitors and mother's residence. Pollution measurements collected within 5 miles of the mother's residence, averaged for the time period corresponding to the duration of pregnancy and each trimester, were used as exposure variables. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between the pollution measures and 2 pregnancy outcomes: small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight. Variations of the models were used to examine the robustness of the findings. Results. The adjusted odds ratio for SGA for exposure in the highest compared with lowest quartile of PM2.5 was 1.26(95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.50). We found no association between CO and birth weight or SGA after controlling for maternal factors and PM2.5 (mean birth weight difference: 2.6 g; 95% CI: -20.6 to 25.8). The difference in mean birth weight for infants with a 9-month exposure in the highest quartile of PM2.5 compared with that of infants who were exposed in the lowest quartile was -36.1 g (95% CI: -16.5 g to -55.8 g); this difference was similar after controlling for CO. We did not find PM2.5 exposure during a particular trimester most important for assessing birth weight; trimester-level associations were similar to those found using the 9-month exposure variable. Conclusions. We found an increased odds of SGA and a small difference in mean birth weight between infants with the highest and lowest exposures to PM2.5 but not CO. These findings have important implications for infant health because of the ubiquitous exposure to fine particulate air pollution across the United States. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0889 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700038 PM 15629991 ER PT S AU Sugatani, J Sueyoshi, T Negishi, M Miwa, M AF Sugatani, J Sueyoshi, T Negishi, M Miwa, M BE Sies, H Packer, L TI Regulation of the human UGT1A1 gene by nuclear receptors constitutive active/androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor SO PHASE II CONJUGATION ENZYMES AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1A1; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENES; ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; RESPONSE ELEMENT; ENHANCER MODULE; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; CAR; FLAVONOIDS AB Human UDP-glueuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 is the enzyme that detoxifies neurotoxic bilirubin by conjugating it with glucuronic acid. In addition to bilirubin, UGT1A1 conjugates various endogenous and exogenous lipophilic compounds such as estrogens and the active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan SN-38. Thus, activation by specific inducers of the UGT1A1 gene is critical in treating patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and in preventing side effects of drug treatment such as SN-38-induced toxicity. This chapter describes the experimental processes used to identify the 290-bp distal enhancer module at -3499/-3210 of the UGT1A1 gene and to characterize its regulation by nuclear receptors: constitutive active/androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor. C1 Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacobiochem & 21 COE, Shizuoka 422, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sugatani, J (reprint author), Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacobiochem & 21 COE, 395 Yada, Shizuoka 422, Japan. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182805-0 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2005 VL 400 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)00006-6 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BDO60 UT WOS:000234565000006 PM 16399345 ER PT S AU Hempel, N Negishi, M McManus, ME AF Hempel, N Negishi, M McManus, ME BE Sies, H Packer, L TI Human SULT1A genes: Cloning and activity assays of the SULT1A promoters SO PHASE II CONJUGATION ENZYMES AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HUMAN ARYL SULFOTRANSFERASE; PHENOL SULFOTRANSFERASE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EXPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; CDNA; INHIBITION AB The three human SULT1A sulfotransferase enzymes are closely related in amino acid sequence (> 90%), yet differ in their substrate preference and tissue distribution. SULT1A1 has a broad tissue distribution and metabolizes a range of xenobiotics as well as endogenous substrates such as estrogens and iodothyronines. While the localization of SULT1A2 is poorly understood, it has been shown to metabolize a number of aromatic amines. SULT1A3 is the major catecholamine sulfonating form, which is consistent with it being expressed principally in the gastrointestinal tract. SULT1A proteins are encoded by three separate genes, located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 1.6. The presence of differential 5'-untranslated regions identified upon cloning of the SULT1A cDNAs suggested the utilization of differential transcriptional start sites and/or differential splicing. This chapter describes the methods utilized by our laboratory to clone and assay the activity of the promoters flanking these different untranslated regions found on SULT1A genes. These techniques will assist investigators in further elucidating the differential mechanisms that control regulation of the human SULT1A genes. They will also help reveal how different cellular environments and polymorphisms affect the activity of SULT1A gene promoters. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Fac Biol & Chem Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hempel, N (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Fac Biol & Chem Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RI Hempel, Nadine/F-1700-2014 OI Hempel, Nadine/0000-0002-5574-8783 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182805-0 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2005 VL 400 BP 147 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)00009-1 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BDO60 UT WOS:000234565000009 PM 16399348 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Barron, KJ AF Barron, MG Barron, KJ TI Glacial influences on solar radiation in a subarctic sea SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; GULF AB Understanding macroscale processes controlling solar radiation in marine systems will be important in interpreting the potential effects of global change from increasing ultraviolet radiation (UV) and glacial retreat. This study provides the first quantitative assessment of UV in the water column of Prince William Sound, a subarctic, semienclosed sea surrounded by mountains, glaciers, rivers, bays and fjords in south central Alaska. Glacial influences on diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd) were determined along an approximate 120 km transect running NE (61degrees07'43"N, 146degrees17'1"W) to SW (60degrees27'25"N, 148degrees05'27" W). Glacial meltwater and flour caused a 10-fold increase in Kd for visible light, UV-A and UV-B, whereas high optical clarity was present in a diversity of areas away from glacial influences. Transition areas and locations affected by calving of a tidewater glacier had intermediate Kd values. Depths at 99% attenuation ranged from less than 0.2 m near glacial streams to greater than 5 m in bays and open ocean distant from sources of glacial sediments. These results suggest that potential global change from increasing UV and glacial retreat may have heterogeneous effects on subarctic marine systems. C1 PEAK Res, Longmont, CO USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 187 EP 189 DI 10.1562/2004-05-10-RN-160.1 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 898WL UT WOS:000227106800027 PM 15496131 ER PT J AU Tran, LT Wickham, J Jarnagin, ST Knight, CG AF Tran, LT Wickham, J Jarnagin, ST Knight, CG TI Mapping spatial thematic accuracy with fuzzy sets SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION; MAPS; MISCLASSIFICATION; PROBABILITIES; IMAGES; BIAS AB Common thematic map accuracy measures (e.g., error matrix and kappa coefficient) a e inadequate for analyzing the spatial variation of thematic map accuracy This paper presents a method of mapping spatial accuracy of thematic land cover maps using fuzzy sets. First, we define a multilevel agreement between reference data and corresponding pixels on the map. Next, we formulate a discrete, multi-level agreement fuzzy set regarding a particular land-cover type for each pixel on the map. Then, we construct spatial accuracy maps based on information from the multi-level agreement fuzzy sets. We illustrate the method by constructing accuracy maps of several land cover types for the Mid-Atlantic Regionregion. Results show that thematic map accuracy is not spatially homogenous, but varies across a landscape and different land cover types having different spatial patterns of accuracy. The method provides valuable information about thematic map accuracy for both scientists and decision makers, such as in designing adaptive sampling schemes, deriving landscape indicators, or thematic map-based modeling. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Landscape Ecol Branch, EPIC, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Integrated Reg Assessment, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM ltran@fau.edu; Wickham.James@pamail.epa.gov; tjarnagin@usgs.gov; cgk@psu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 886IX UT WOS:000226221600004 ER PT J AU O'Brien, WP AF O'Brien, Wendy Pott BE Reddy, MB Yang, RSH Clewell, HJ Andersen, ME TI ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS SO PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETICS MODELING: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; CIS-DICHLORODIAMMINEPLATINUM(II) DDP; METHOTREXATE PHARMACOKINETICS; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODEL; TRIPLE-PRODRUG; BEAGLE DOG; IN-VIVO; MICE; CANCER; CAPECITABINE C1 US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP O'Brien, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-47876-8 PY 2005 BP 297 EP 317 DI 10.1002/0471478768.ch11 D2 10.1002/0471478768 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BXZ30 UT WOS:000297687000012 ER PT B AU Olszyk, DM Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Lee, EH AF Olszyk, David M. Tingey, David T. Hogsett, William E. Lee, E. Henry BE Omasa, K Nouchi, I DeKok, LJ TI Carbon dioxide and ozone affect needle nitrogen and abscission in Pinus ponderosa SO Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Change LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Changes CY OCT 19-22, 2004 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Ponderosa pine; retranslocation; resorption; CO2; O-3; N ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; GROWTH-RESPONSES; ELEVATED CO2; DECOMPOSITION; EXPOSURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENESCENCE; RESORPTION; POLLUTION; SEEDLINGS AB To determine whether CO2 (a key contributor to climate change), and O-3 (an important air pollutant), interact to affect needle N dynamics; we grew Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. seedlings for three seasons (1998-2000) in outdoor chambers with ambient or elevated CO2 combined with low or elevated O-3. Nitrogen concentration (area basis) was measured for attached and abscised needles. Nitrogen retranslocation was determined by comparing N for attached needles in July vs. October, and N resorption by comparing N for needles which abscised from July to October vs. attached needles in October. Ozone, and to a lesser extent CO2, reduced needle N depending on age class and sampling date, but there were no CO2 X O-3 interactions. There was a significant CO2 X 03 interaction for N retranslocation for 1998 needles in 1999 (O-3 reduced higher retranslocation with elevated CO2), but CO2 and O-3 had only marginal effects on N retranslocation or resorption for other needles. Abscission of year-old needles increased with elevated CO2, but not O-3. Long-term studies are needed to determine if the responses to elevated CO2 and O-3 in our seedlings persist as trees mature and have multiple age-classes of needles. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Olszyk, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-31013-4 PY 2005 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1007/4-431-31014-2_12 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEX69 UT WOS:000240025800012 ER PT J AU Grange, AH Winnik, W Ferguson, PL Sovocool, GW AF Grange, AH Winnik, W Ferguson, PL Sovocool, GW TI Using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in accurate mass mode and an ion correlation program to identify compounds SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; REFERENCE SPRAYS; SEPARATE SAMPLE; IDENTIFICATION; WATER; CONFIRMATION; CONTAMINANTS; COMPONENTS AB Atomic masses and isotopic abundances are independent and complementary properties for discriminating among ion compositions. The number of possible ion compositions is greatly reduced by accurately measuring exact masses of monoisotopic ions and the relative isotopic abundances (RIAs) of the ions greater in mass by +1 Da and +2 Da. When both properties are measured, a mass error limit of 6-10 mDa (<31 ppm at 320 Da) and an RIA error limit of 10% are generally adequate for determining unique ion compositions for precursor and fragment ions produced from small molecules (less than 320 Da in this study). 'Inherent interferences', i.e., mass peaks seen in the product ion mass spectrum of the monoisotopic [M+H](+) ion of an analyte that are -2, -1, +1, or +2 Da different in mass from monoisotopic fragment ion masses, distort measured RIAs. This problem is overcome using an ion correlation program to compare the numbers of atoms of each element in a precursor ion to the sum of those in each fragment ion and its corresponding neutral loss. Synergy occurs when accurate measurement of only one pair of +1 Da and +2 Da RIAs for the precursor ion or a fragment ion rejects all but one possible ion composition for that ion, thereby indirectly rejecting all but one fragment ion-neutral loss combination for other exact masses. A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer with accurate mass capability, using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), was used to measure masses and RIAs of precursor and fragment ions. Nine chemicals were investigated as simulated unknowns. Mass accuracy and RIA accuracy were sufficient to determine unique compositions for all precursor ions and all but two of 40 fragment ions, and the two corresponding neutral losses. Interrogation of the chemical literature provided between one and three possible compounds for each of the nine analytes. This approach for identifying compounds compensates for the lack of commercial ESI and APCI mass spectral libraries, which precludes making tentative identifications based on spectral matches. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 18 BP 2699 EP 2715 DI 10.1002/rcm.2112 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 967MR UT WOS:000232095800025 PM 16124033 ER PT S AU Chen, CW AF Chen, Chao W. BE Edler, L Kitsos, CP TI A Unified Modeling Approach: From Exposure to Disease Endpoints SO RECENT ADVANCES IN QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN CANCER AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT SE Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20046 USA. RP Chen, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Drop 8623D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20046 USA. EM chen.chao@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 1940-6517 BN 978-0-47085-770-0 J9 WILEY SER PROBAB ST PY 2005 BP 137 EP 160 D2 10.1002/0470857706 PG 24 WC Oncology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BZH99 UT WOS:000301664500014 ER PT J AU Cummings, A AF Cummings, A TI Special issue: Systems biology/computational toxicology SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cummings, A (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cunmings.audrey@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 261 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.10.002 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000001 ER PT J AU Cummings, A Kavlock, R AF Cummings, A Kavlock, R TI A systems biology approach to developmental toxicology SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE system biology; gene regulatory network; developmental toxicology ID SEA-URCHIN EMBRYO; DORSAL GRADIENT MORPHOGEN; REGULATORY GENE NETWORK; BETA-CATENIN; DROSOPHILA EMBRYO; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SPECIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; BINDING; BIOINFORMATICS AB Recent advances in developmental biology have yielded detailed models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) involved in cell specification and other processes in embryonic differentiation. Such networks form the bedrock on which a systems biology approach to developmental toxicology can be built. In this review, an introduction to GRNs in general is followed by a description of specific networks involved in sea urchin and Drosophila development. A hypothesis is presented regarding the role of GRN analysis in the determination of mechanisms of chemical toxicity during embryonic development. Potential for future directions and research approaches in this area is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cummings, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cummings.audrey@epa.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.10.001 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000003 PM 15686864 ER PT J AU Miracle, AL Ankley, GT AF Miracle, AL Ankley, GT TI Ecotoxicogenomics: linkages between exposure and effects in assessing risks of aquatic contaminants to fish SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aquatic toxicology; genomics; exposure; risk assessment ID NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; TOXICOLOGY; MICROARRAYS; PROTEOMICS; TOXICOGENOMICS; RESPONSES; ORGANISM; CANCER; HEALTH AB Understanding the biological effects of exposures to chemicals in the environment relies on classical methods and emerging technologies in the areas of genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics. Linkages between the historical and newer toxicological tools are currently being developed in order to predict and assess risk. Being able to classify chemicals and other stressors based on effects they have at the molecular, tissue, and organismal levels helps define a systems biology approach to development of streamlined, cost-effective, and comprehensive testing approaches for evaluating environmental hazards. The challenges of the individual technologies and the combinations of tools for ecotoxicogenomics are discussed in application to aquatic toxicology with a particular emphasis on fish testing. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Miracle, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM miracle.ann@epa.gov NR 30 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.06.007 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000006 PM 15686867 ER PT J AU Karoly, ED Schmid, JE Hunter, ES AF Karoly, ED Schmid, JE Hunter, ES TI Ontogeny of transcription profiles during mouse early craniofacial development SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microarray; whole embryo culture; in vivo development; glycolysis; oxidative phosphorylation; Wnt signalling; MAPK ID WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CDNA MICROARRAYS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; C-MYC; PATHWAYS; CATENIN; CELLS; BETA AB Using the CD-1 mouse conceptus, we investigated gene expression changes found in vivo from gestational day 8 (GD) through GD9 at 6h intervals, and then at 24h intervals through GD11 Data sets were analyzed for patterns in transcriptional expression over a time course as well as to compare the GD9 in vivo mouse conceptus with conceptuses cultured for 24 h from GD8 in whole embryo culture (WEC). Our results show that during development from GD8 to GD 11, a series of metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, as well as the signal transduction pathways of the MAPK cascade and Wnt signaling were changing. Previous results have shown that WEC successfully sustains morphological development comparable to that in vivo for at least 24 h. We report here that, in the absence of morphological malformations following 24h WEC, 329 genes were differentially expressed between in vivo and in vitro developing conceptuses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Dev Biol Branch,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hunter, ES (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM hunter.sid@epa.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.09.008 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000008 PM 15686869 ER PT J AU Tully, DB Luft, JC Rockett, JC Ren, HZ Schmid, JE Wood, CR Dix, DJ AF Tully, DB Luft, JC Rockett, JC Ren, HZ Schmid, JE Wood, CR Dix, DJ TI Reproductive and genomic effects in testes from mice exposed to the water disinfectant byproduct bromochloroacetic acid SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromochloroacetic acid; PCR; cDNA ID DIBROMOACETIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DRINKING-WATER; RAT; DICHLOROACETATE; SPERM; SPERMATOGENESIS; FERTILITY; APOPTOSIS AB A byproduct of drinking water disinfection, bromochloroacetic acid (BCA), acts as a reproductive toxicant in rats. To determine if BCA produces similar reproductive toxicity in mice, juvenile and adult C57BL/6 males were exposed to 0, 8, 24, 72 or 216 mg/kg of BCA once daily for 14 days. Five of 12 animals from each dose-group were sacrificed at the end of dosing, and testes, epididymes, and seminal vesicles harvested and weighed. Seven mice from each dose-group (including juvenile-exposed mice, following a 14-week maturation period) were used in a 40-day sequential breeding assay to determine if BCA targets a particular phase of spermatogenesis. No significant effects were observed in mice exposed to BCA as juveniles, and there were no effects on fertility by 14 weeks after dosing. However, effects were observed in adult-exposed mice over the first 10 days after BCA exposure: mean number of litters/male, percentage of litters/female bred, and total number of fetuses/male were all reduced by 72 and 216 mg/kg BCA. These results in adult mice indicate BCA disrupted differentiation of spermatids during dosing and the first 10 days of mating, and are consistent with the spermatid retention and atypical residual bodies observed in animals exposed to 72 and 216 mg/kg BCA. To investigate mechanisms involved, we utilized cDNA microarrays containing 950 testis-expressed genes to profile gene expression from Control and BCA-treated mice. Statistical analyses of microarray results identified 40 well-characterized genes differentially expressed in a dose responsive manner as a result of BCA exposure. Microarray results were supplemented with quantitative real-time PCR and Westerns for several genes and proteins. The 40 genes whose expression was altered by BCA are involved in numerous biological processes including: cell communication and adhesion, cell cycle and cell proliferation, metabolism, signal transduction, stress response, and spermatogenesis and male fertility. Modulated expression of these genes, particularly the 15 expressed in Sertoli cells and spermatids, offers new insights into potential mechanisms of BCA toxicity in the mouse testis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.06.009 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000009 PM 15686870 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Wilson, VS Schmid, JE Gray, LE AF Rosen, MB Wilson, VS Schmid, JE Gray, LE TI Gene expression analysis in the ventral prostate of rats exposed to vinclozolin or procymidone SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vinclozolin; procymidone; antiandrogen; gene array; gene expression; ventral prostate; rat ID APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE GENE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; CANCER CELLS; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION AB Vinclozolin and procymidone are antiandrogens that are thought to share a common androgen receptor (AR) mediated mechanism of action. This assessment is based primarily on morphological, AR binding, and in vitro transcriptional activation studies. Studies designed to evaluate the gene expression profiles induced by these compounds have the potential to provide further information to test this hypothesis. We have used targeted gene arrays to examine gene expression in the ventral prostate (VP) of 100-day old Sprague Dawley male rats exposed to either vinclozolin or procymidone. Animals were castrated and administered silastic implants with or without testosterone. A subset of testosterome treated animals was then dosed with 200 mg/kg of either fungicide in corn oil. Four treatment groups were used: castrated (C), testosterone (T), testosterone + vinclozolin (V), and testosterone + procymidone (P). Tissue from the VP was collected from six animals per group (3 animals per block x 2 blocks) at 20 h and at 4 days after the start of treatment. Total RNA was then isolated and gene expression analyzed using Clontech Atlas Rat 1.2 Toxicology arrays. When compared to group T, similar changes in gene expression were observed in groups C, P and V at both the 20 h and 4 day time points. After 20 h of treatment, 20 genes were similarly affected across these three treatment groups. Down-regulated genes included various molecular chaperones, the 11-kDa diazepam binding inhibitor, cyclin D1, and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. Genes such as the androgen receptor, PTEN, and ERK2 were up-regulated. Three of the down-regulated genes, GRP78 (BiP), Dad 1, and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase have been previously shown to be directly androgen regulated. Fifty-four genes were affected at 20 h, whereas, 311 genes were altered 4 days after the start of treatment. These observations, in part, may reflect regression of the VP at the later time point. These results support the hypothesis that procymidone and vinclozolin share a common mechanism or mode of action, a critical step in a cumulative risk assessment. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. Ail rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rosen, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosen.mitch@epa.gov NR 65 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.10.005 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000010 PM 15686871 ER PT J AU Bao, WJ Schmid, JE Goetz, AK Ren, HZ Dix, DJ AF Bao, WJ Schmid, JE Goetz, AK Ren, HZ Dix, DJ TI A database for tracking toxicogenomic samples and procedures SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicology; genomics; microarray; relational database; microsoft access ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY DATA; DATA MANAGEMENT; INFORMATION; TOXICOLOGY; GENOMICS; ACCESS; TOOLS AB Reproductive toxicogenomic studies generate large amounts of toxicological and genomic data. On the toxicology side, a substantial quantity of data accumulates from conventional endpoints such as histology, reproductive physiology and biochemistry. The largest source of genomics data is DNA microarrays, which generate enormous amounts of information in the course of profiling gene expression. Thus, data storage and management become essential and require a more sophisticated system than lab notebooks and electronic spreadsheets. We developed a database for tracking toxicogenomic samples and procedures (TSP 1.0) for our reproductive studies based on the MIAME-Tox guidelines and relational database theory. This database stores the various types of data from both toxicological and genomic assays in a hierarchical fashion. The user-friendly interface provides easy procedures for researchers to add, edit, save, delete, and navigate different records. Finally, TSP facilitates exporting microarray data into public databases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Reprod Technol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bao, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Technol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bao.wenjun@epa.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.09.005 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 900QS UT WOS:000227230000013 PM 15686874 ER PT J AU Meengs, CC Lackey, RT AF Meengs, CC Lackey, RT TI Estimating the size of historical Oregon salmon runs SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salmon; Oregon; Pacific Northwestern; endangered species; ecological restoration ID TRENDS AB Increasing the abundance of salmon in Oregon's rivers and streams is a hi high-priority, public policy objective. Salmon runs have been reduced from predevelopment conditions (typically defined as prior to 1850), but it is unclear by how much. Considerable public and private resources have been devoted to restoring salmon runs. but it is uncertain what the current recovery potential is because much of the fresh water and estuarine habitat for salmon has been altered and there is no expectation that it will be returned to a predevelopment condition. The goals of all salmon recovery efforts are based oil assumptions about the size of the runs prior to significant habitat alteration, coupled with an estimate of the amount and quality of freshwater and estuarine habitat currently available. We estimated the historical aggregate salmon run size in rivers along the Oregon coast (excluding the Columbia River) using two methods: (1) converting estimated aboriginal population levels into numbers of salmon; (2) extrapolating cannery pack into numbers of salmon. Annual aboriginal harvest of all salmon species is estimated to have been approximately 10 million pounds per year (4-500,000 kg) or 1.75-5.36 million salmon, a harvest bevel similar to that occurring during the height of commercial fishing on Oregon's coastal rivers in the late 1800s and earl v 1900s. xtrapolating cannery pack data. the estimated size of the late 1800s aggregate runs of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kistrich) was 1.5-2.5 million. The estimated size of aggregate runs of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) runs was 290,000-517,000. Compared to our estimates of mid-1800s coho salmon levels, early 2000 runs (during favorable ocean conditions). were 11-19% of the historical level. During poor ocean conditions (1990s), current coho salmon runs were 3-6% of the historical size. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Lackey.Robert@epa.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1080/10641260590921509 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 912NT UT WOS:000228086500003 ER PT S AU Stanko, JP Angus, RA AF Stanko, JP Angus, RA BE Ware, GW TI Paper manufacture and its impact on the aquatic environment SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 185 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; FUNCTION OXYGENASE ACTIVITY; BALTIC COASTAL FISH; SEX STEROID-LEVELS; PULP-MILL; WHITE SUCKER; RAINBOW-TROUT; BLEACHED PULP; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS C1 US EPA, Div Expt Toxicol, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Stanko, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Div Expt Toxicol, Pharmacokinet Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 0-387-25526-5 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 185 BP 67 EP 92 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BDF97 UT WOS:000233332400003 ER PT J AU Alexander, BH Bloemen, L Allen, RH AF Alexander, BH Bloemen, L Allen, RH TI Sessions on the epidemiology of agricultural exposure and cancer SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Epidemiol Hlth Serv Dow Benelux, Terneuzen, Netherlands. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Alexander, BH (reprint author), Div Environm Hlth Sci, MMC 807 Mayo Bldg,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM balex@umn.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 2005 VL 31 SU 1 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 966HI UT WOS:000232010300002 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Sandler, DP Lynch, CF Knott, C Lubin, JH Tarone, R Thomas, K Dosemeci, M Barker, J Hoppin, JA Blair, A AF Alavanja, MCR Sandler, DP Lynch, CF Knott, C Lubin, JH Tarone, R Thomas, K Dosemeci, M Barker, J Hoppin, JA Blair, A TI Cancer incidence in the agricultural health study SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Exposures and Cancer CY NOV 19-22, 2002 CL Oxford Univ Green Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND SP CropLife Int, CropLife Amer, European Crop Protect Assoc, Int Agcy Res Canc HO Oxford Univ Green Coll DE agricultural exposure; cancer etiology; commercial applicator; farmer; melanoma; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer; spouse of farmer; standard incidence ratio ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; PROSTATE-CANCER; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; PESTICIDE EXPOSURES; RISK-FACTORS; FARMERS; MORTALITY; DEATH; IOWA; MEN AB Objectives This large, prospective cohort study of private applicators, commercial applicators, and spouses of fanner applicators was undertaken to ascertain the etiology of cancers elevated in agriculture. Methods The participants were matched to cancer registry files in Iowa and North Carolina. Incident cases were identified from enrollment through 31 December 2002. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were used to compare the cancer incidence of the participants with that of the total population in the two states. Result The overall cancer incidence among farmers [SIR 0.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.84-0.91] and their spouses (SIR 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.90) were significantly lower than expected, particularly for respiratory and urinary cancers. Commercial pesticide applicators had an overall cancer incidence comparable with the expected (SIR 1.01, 95% CI 0.84-1.20). Smoking prevalence was significantly lower than the national average. Prostate cancer was elevated among private applicators (SIR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.18-1.33) and commercial applicators (SIR 1.37, 0.98-1.86). Excess ovarian cancer was observed for female applicators (SIR 2.97, 95% Cl 1.28-5.85), but not for female spouses (SIR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.78). Female spouses had a significant excess of melanoma (SIR 1.64, 95% Cl 1.24-2.09), which was not observed among pesticide applicators. Conclusions Low overall cancer incidence rates seem to be a result of low overall smoking prevalence and other lifestyle factors, while excess cancer of the prostate and ovaries among applicators may be occupationally related. The excess risk of melanoma observed among spouses was unexpected. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. IMS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 8000, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov NR 33 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 6 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 2005 VL 31 SU 1 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 966HI UT WOS:000232010300007 PM 16190148 ER PT J AU Grumbles, B AF Grumbles, B TI Protecting our coastal waters in the 21st century SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grumbles, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 892PI UT WOS:000226662100012 ER PT J AU Shoaf, MB Shirai, SH Kedan, G Schaum, J Kissel, JC AF Shoaf, MB Shirai, SH Kedan, G Schaum, J Kissel, JC TI Adult dermal sediment loads following clam digging in tide flats SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE adherence; exposure ID FIELD MEASUREMENT; SOIL; TRIALS AB Sediment contamination is common and assessment of potential dermal exposure to sediments is of interest to risk assessors. However few measurements of coastal sediment (as opposed to terrestrial soil) adherence to skin have been reported in the literature. Results art reported here for sediment loads on the skin of 18 adults engaged in clam digging for periods of up to 90 minutes in a tide flat in Rhode Island. Post-activity geometric mean loads were 0.02, 0.12, 0.16, 0.58 and 0.88 mg/cm(2) on faces, forearms, lower legs, feet and hands, respectively. Pre-activity loadings were less than 0.01 mg/cm(2) on all body parts except feet. These results are similar to very limited previously reported data obtained from four persons gathering reeds for basketry in a tide flat in Washington State. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kissel, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Box 354695, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jkissel@u.washington.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1080/15320830500180515 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966ZC UT WOS:000232060300006 ER PT J AU Spiegel, RJ Leadbetter, MR Chamu, F AF Spiegel, RJ Leadbetter, MR Chamu, F TI Distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power system emission offset assessment: statistical test of simulated- and measured-based data SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic systems; avoided emissions AB This study assesses the pollutant emission offset potential of distributed grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power systems. Computer-simulated performance results were utilized for 214 PV systems located across the US. The PV systems' monthly electrical energy outputs were based on a performance calculator called PVWATTS. Offset emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were determined from PV system outputs and average utility emissions data from each state. For validation, the simulated monthly results were statistically compared with measurement-based data (both production and corresponding emissions data) from 29 PV systems installed at different sites across the US. While the data shows high (geographic) variability, the substantial number of measurements allows reliable statistical analysis. The methods are found to give consistent results in spite of the necessity to employ some even quite crude input approximations-such as the use of statewide rather than specific emissions data for the systems. No significant differences between simulated and measured monthly means for any of the pollutants were noted on the basis of individual monthly analyses, though the results for NOx suggest the possible existence of some difference in that case. A more detailed statistical modeling using all monthly data in one combined analysis (allowing improved variability estimation) confirms these conclusions. Even the shorter confidence intervals for expected offsets obtained through the combined analysis show no significant differences between simulated and measured methods for SO2 and CO2. The differences for NOx are statistically significant but consistent-suggesting useful prediction by the simulations via a constant correction factor. As expected, significant differences between months are evident for both simulated and measured offsets. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM spiegel.ronald@epa.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2005 VL 78 IS 6 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2004.09.010 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 945BA UT WOS:000230474200003 ER PT B AU Mount, DR Meyer, JS Adams, WJ Brix, KV Luoma, SN Mount, DR Stubblefield, WA Wood, CM AF Mount, DR Meyer, JS Adams, WJ Brix, KV Luoma, SN Mount, DR Stubblefield, WA Wood, CM BE Meyer, JS Adams, WJ Brix, KV Luoma, SN Mount, DR Stubblefield, WA Wood, CM TI Toxicity of dietborne metals to aquatic organisms - Introduction SO TOXICITY OF DIETBORNE METALS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pellston Workshop on Role of Dietary Exposure in the Evaluation of Risk of Metals to Aquatic Organisms CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2002 CL Hot Springs, CANADA SP Eastman Kodak Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Environm Canada, Int Copper Assoc, Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Kennecott Utah Copper, Nat Resources Canada, Nickel Producers Environm Res Assoc, US Borax, US Environm Protect Agcy ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; CLARK-FORK RIVER; FISH-MEAL DIET; RAINBOW-TROUT; MINERAL REQUIREMENTS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Mount, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-70-8 PY 2005 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA BDM07 UT WOS:000234236900001 ER PT B AU Norberg-King, TJ Ausley, LW Burton, DT Goodfellow, WL Miller, JL Waller, WT AF Norberg-King, TJ Ausley, LW Burton, DT Goodfellow, WL Miller, JL Waller, WT BE NorbergKing, TJ Ausley, LW Burton, DT Goodfellow, WL Miller, JL Waller, WT TI introduction SO TOXICITY REDUCTION AND TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS FOR EFFLUENTS, AMBIENT WATERS, AND OTHER AQUEOUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Toxicity Identification Evaluation CY JUN 23-28, 2001 CL Pensacola Beach, FL C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Norberg-King, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RI Janczak, Andrzej/H-8419-2014; Schwarz, Beate/A-5357-2008; B. Randrup, Thomas/N-1650-2015; Brouwer, Roy/M-9437-2013; OI Wright, Grant/0000-0003-3241-1456; Sorensen, Bent/0000-0002-3555-3022; Wilson, Richard Ashby/0000-0002-8724-6999; Symmons, Deborah/0000-0002-8625-1200; Sperling, Michael/0000-0001-6676-2487; Laskowski, Ryszard/0000-0002-1968-3230; Howlett, Michael/0000-0003-4689-740X; Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa/0000-0002-2808-1151; Buhalis, Dimitrios/0000-0001-9148-6090; Henini, Mohamed/0000-0001-9414-8492; Dumas, Marlon/0000-0002-9247-7476; Clouston, Teena/0000-0003-0032-5473; Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768; van der Aalst, Wil/0000-0002-0955-6940; Seeberg, Jens/0000-0002-3572-2754; Schwarz, Beate/0000-0002-3230-1153; Habisch, Andre/0000-0002-7188-1357; Sigona, Ferdinando/0000-0001-7882-1851; B. Randrup, Thomas/0000-0003-1368-3915; Pritchard, Bill/0000-0001-7506-2095; Brouwer, Roy/0000-0002-0525-2050; PRENCIPE, ANDREA/0000-0002-5691-2290; Honohan, Iseult/0000-0002-6635-3445; Mandel, David/0000-0003-1036-2286; Oding, Nina/0000-0003-4520-849X; Wasmer, Etienne/0000-0002-6275-1286 NR 0 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 24 U2 52 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-64-3 PY 2005 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1039/b407306c PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BDC96 UT WOS:000232786200001 ER PT B AU Norberg-King, TJ Dawson, D Lott, K AF Norberg-King, TJ Dawson, D Lott, K BE NorbergKing, TJ Ausley, LW Burton, DT Goodfellow, WL Miller, JL Waller, WT TI Case study 6.7: Toxicity identification evaluation of a wastewater treatment plant effluent with ionic toxicants SO TOXICITY REDUCTION AND TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS FOR EFFLUENTS, AMBIENT WATERS, AND OTHER AQUEOUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Toxicity Identification Evaluation CY JUN 23-28, 2001 CL Pensacola Beach, FL DE Ceriodaphnia dubia; Daphnia magna; ion imbalance; chronic toxicity; wastewater AB A publicly owned treatment works (POTW) effluent had been shown to cause chronic toxicity with the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia duhia. We conducted a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), and the weight-of-evidence approach identified chloride as a major contributor to the effluent toxicity. Several characterization tests provided evidence of ion toxicity: Phase I TIE characterization tests did not substantially reduce the effluent toxicity. As the suite of Phase I characterization tests are not expected to reduce chloride toxicity, techniques were developed to characterize the effluent. Testing was conducted with mock effluents (prepared in a reconstituted water of similar ionic composition as the effluent). The mock effluent tests confirmed that the level of chloride found in the effluent was toxic to C dubia. Our toxicity data for the NaCl tests confirm that chloride concentrations were at effect concentrations and could be expected to impair reproduction in C. dubia. When mock effluent samples were prepared similarly to the effluent, tests with calcium additions reduced chloride toxicity in waters with an ionic composition similar to the effluent. Generally when calcium concentrations increase, toxicity decreases and when chloride concentrations increase, toxicity increases. With the addition of similar to 90 mg/L chloride added to both the mock effluent and the original effluent, the toxicity to C dubia increased. This level of chloride would not be expected to cause toxicity unless chloride concentrations in the effluent were already at a toxic level. Species sensitivity tests were conducted with the cladocerans, C. dubia and Daphnia magna to assess the cause of toxicity. D. magna is typically less sensitive to chloride than C dubia. The test results showed that D. magna was less affected by both the effluent and the mock effluent. Measured concentrations of copper and zinc in the effluent and the reductions in toxicity sometimes observed with the Phase I characterization tests (i.e., the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] addition test) suggested that one or both metals could have been contributing to effluent toxicity. However, data to correlate these effects was not definitive. If chloride concentrations were reduced, additional contributors to effluent toxicity could be characterized. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Norberg-King, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-64-3 PY 2005 BP 170 EP 180 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BDC96 UT WOS:000232786200012 ER PT B AU Ho, KT Burgess, RM AF Ho, KT Burgess, RM BE NorbergKing, TJ Ausley, LW Burton, DT Goodfellow, WL Miller, JL Waller, WT TI Case study 6.26: Unsuccessful toxicity identification and evaluation manipulations: Seawater buffers and sterilization methods SO TOXICITY REDUCTION AND TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS FOR EFFLUENTS, AMBIENT WATERS, AND OTHER AQUEOUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Toxicity Identification Evaluation CY JUN 23-28, 2001 CL Pensacola Beach, FL AB This paper summarizes several unsuccessful attempts to develop Toxicity Identification and Evaluation (TIE) manipulations for aqueous samples during the first 5 years of our research. The first part of the paper explores irradiation as a sterilization technique to discern if sample toxicity was due to a pathogen. The 2nd part of the paper summarizes our attempts to use buffers to maintain seawater pH at 7 and 9 for use in the graduated pH method. C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-64-3 PY 2005 BP 312 EP 318 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BDC96 UT WOS:000232786200031 ER PT B AU Norber-King, TJ Novak, L AF Norber-King, TJ Novak, L BE NorbergKing, TJ Ausley, LW Burton, DT Goodfellow, WL Miller, JL Waller, WT TI Case study 6.30: Toxicity identification evaluation of various resins for the removal of organic toxicants SO TOXICITY REDUCTION AND TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS FOR EFFLUENTS, AMBIENT WATERS, AND OTHER AQUEOUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Toxicity Identification Evaluation CY JUN 23-28, 2001 CL Pensacola Beach, FL DE cationic resin; anionic resin; Ambersorb; TIE AB Several ion exchange resins can be used to characterize the toxicity in efflents. Techniques for preparing resins such as divinylbenzene (DVB) cation resins, DVB anion resins, and natural zeolite resins were developed. The post column effluent can be used for toxicity testing and for chemical analyses. Cation and anion exchange resins and a natural zeolite were effective for the selective removal of inorganic compounds such as ammonia and metals from both industrial and municipal effluents. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Norber-King, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-64-3 PY 2005 BP 334 EP 338 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BDC96 UT WOS:000232786200035 ER PT J AU Regan, KS Cline, JM Creasy, D Davis, B Foley, GL Lanning, L Latendresse, JR Makris, S Morton, D Rehm, S Stebbins, K AF Regan, KS Cline, JM Creasy, D Davis, B Foley, GL Lanning, L Latendresse, JR Makris, S Morton, D Rehm, S Stebbins, K CA STP Ovary Evaluation Working Grp TI STP position paper: Ovarian follicular counting in the assessment of rodent reproductive toxicity SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OOCYTE DESTRUCTION; FOLLICLES; RATS; TUMORIGENESIS; MICE C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Otsuka Maryland Res Inst, Rockville, MD USA. NCTR, Jefferson, AR USA. US EPA, OPPTS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Regan, KS (reprint author), Care of Klaunig J, Toxicol Pathol Editorial Off, 199 Grassmur Turn, Pine Hill, NJ 08021 USA. RI Latendresse, John/A-9215-2009 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1080/01926230490515355 PG 4 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 922KE UT WOS:000228836000016 PM 15805082 ER PT J AU Hester, SD Barry, WT Zou, F Wolf, DC AF Hester, SD Barry, WT Zou, F Wolf, DC TI Transcriptomic analysis of F344 rat nasal epithelium suggests that the lack of carcinogenic response to glutaraldehyde is due to its greater toxicity compared to formaldehyde SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formaldehyde; glutaraldehyde; nasal instillation; cDNA array; cluster analysis; gene profiles; gene expression; apoptosis ID INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; CELL REPLICATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; INHALATION; APOPTOSIS; MICE; PROLIFERATION; EXPOSURE; ACTIVATION AB Formaldehyde is cytotoxic and carcinogenic to the rat nasal respiratory epithelium inducing tumors after 12 months. Glutaraldehyde is also cytotoxic but is not carcinogenic to nasal epithelium even after 24 months. Both aldehydes induce similar acute and subchronic histopathology that is characterized by inflammation, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. Because early aldehyde-induced lesions are microscopically similar, we investigated whether transcriptional patterns using cDNA technology could explain the different cancer outcomes. Treatments included 1-, 5-, or 28-day exposure by nasal instillation of formaldehyde solution ( 400 mM) or glutaraldehyde solution ( 20 mM). Animals were euthanized and the nasal respiratory epithelium removed for gene expression analysis and a subset of rats treated for 28 days was processed for microscopic examination. RNA was isolated and processed for expression assessment using Clontech(R) Atlas Toxicology II Arrays. Both aldehydes induced hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and inflammatory infiltrates with scattered apoptotic bodies in the epithelium covering luminal surfaces of the nasoturbinate, maxilloturbinate, and nasal septum. A subset of 80 genes that were the most variant between the treated and control included the functional categories of DNA repair and apoptosis. Hierarchical clustering discriminated chemical treatment effects after 5 days of exposure, with 6 clusters of genes distinguishing formaldehyde from glutaraldehyde. These data suggest that although both aldehydes induced similar short-term cellular phenotypes, gene expression could distinguish glutaraldehyde from formaldehyde. The gene expression patterns suggest that glutaraldehyde's lack of carcinogenicity may be due to its greater toxicity from lack of DNA-repair, greater mitochondrial damage, and increased apoptosis. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hester, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, MD 143-06,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hester.susan@epa.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 415 EP 424 DI 10.1080/01926230590953105 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 928EX UT WOS:000229255000001 PM 16036858 ER PT J AU Fournie, JW Wolfe, MJ Wolf, JC Courtney, LA Johnson, RD Hawkins, WE AF Fournie, JW Wolfe, MJ Wolf, JC Courtney, LA Johnson, RD Hawkins, WE TI Diagnostic criteria for proliferative thyroid lesions in bony fishes SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; neoplasia; hyperplasia; fishes ID GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; EXOCRINE PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS; JAPANESE MEDAKA; TUMOR AB Thyroid proliferative lesions are rather common in bony fishes but disagreement exists in the fish pathology community concerning diagnostic criteria for hyperplastic versus neoplastic lesions. To simplify the diagnosis of proliferative thyroid lesions and to reduce confusion regarding lesion interpretation, we propose specific criteria for distinguishing hyperplastic from neoplastic lesions. Development of these criteria was based on the examination of a large series of proliferative lesions from Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), lesions from other small fish species, and a reexamination of the 97 cases of proliferative thyroid lesions from bony fishes deposited in the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals. Specific diagnostic criteria are provided for all lesion categories including follicular cell hyperplasia (simple, nodular, or ectopic), adenoma (papillary or solid), and carcinoma (well- or poorly differentiated). These criteria should assist fish pathologists in describing and categorizing naturally occurring proliferative lesions from wild fishes, lesions that develop in laboratory fishes due to suboptimal culture practices or water quality, those in fishes used in toxicological assays, and captive aquarium fishes. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Fournie, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fournie.john@epa.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 540 EP 551 DI 10.1080/01926230500214509 PG 12 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 970HY UT WOS:000232297100001 PM 16076769 ER PT J AU Khan, MA Fenton, SE Swank, AE Hester, SD Williams, A Wolf, DC AF Khan, MA Fenton, SE Swank, AE Hester, SD Williams, A Wolf, DC TI A mixture of ammonium perchlorate and sodium chlorate enhances alterations of the pitutary-thyroid axis caused by the individual chemicals in adult male F344 rats SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonium perchlorate; sodium chlorates; thyroid gland; thyroid hormones; environmental contaminants; drinking water ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; STIMULATING HORMONE TSH; DRINKING-WATER; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; PCB CONGENERS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; EXPOSURE; GLAND; HISTOLOGY; PITUITARY AB Ammonium perchlorate (AP) and sodium chlorate (SC) have been detected in public drinking water supplies in many parts of the United States. These chemicals cause perturbations in pituitary-thyroid homeostasis in animals by competitively inhibiting iodide uptake, thus hindering the synthesis of thyroglobulin and reducing circulating T-4 (thyroxine). Little is known about the short-term exposure effects of mixtures of perchlorate and chlorate. The present study investigated the potential for the response to a mixture of these chemicals on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats to be greater than that induced by the individual chemicals. Adult male F-344 rats were exposed. via their drinking water, to the nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/L AP or 10, 100, 1000 mg/L SC and their mixtures for 7 days. Serum T-4 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in rats following exposure to the mixtures, but not after exposure to the individual chemicals. Serum T-3 (triiodothyronine) was not altered by treatment and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) was only increased after the high-dose chlorate treatment. Histological examination of the thyroid gland showed colloid depletion and hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells in high-dose single chemical and all mixture-treated rats, while hyperplasia was observed only in some of the rats treated with mixtures (AP 10 + SC 100 AP 0.1 + SC 1000, and AP 10 + SC 1000 mg/L). These data suggest that short-term exposure to the mixture of AP and SC enhances the effect of either chemical alone on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wolf.doug@epa.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 776 EP 783 DI 10.1080/01926230500449832 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 004JF UT WOS:000234748400006 PM 16392172 ER PT J AU Holsapple, MP Burns-Naas, LA Hastings, KL Ladics, GS Lavin, AL Makris, SL Yang, Y Luster, MI AF Holsapple, MP Burns-Naas, LA Hastings, KL Ladics, GS Lavin, AL Makris, SL Yang, Y Luster, MI TI A proposed testing framework for developmental immunotoxicology (DIT) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE developmental immunotoxicology; DIT; immune system; developmental and reproductive toxicology; risk assessment; roundtable; study design; testing methods ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; CRITICAL WINDOWS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; EXPOSURE; LEAD; WORKSHOP; SRBC AB A group of thirty immunotoxicology experts from the U.S. and E.U. representing government, industry, and academia met in May 2003, in Washington, D.C., to reach consensus regarding the most appropriate methods to assess developmental immunotoxicology (DIT) for hazard identification, including under what conditions such testing might be required. The following points represent the major conclusions from this roundtable discussion: (1) the rat is the preferred model; (2) any DIT protocol should be based on immune assays already validated; (3) DIT methods should be incorporated into standard developmental and reproductive toxicity protocols to the extent possible rather than a "stand-alone" protocol; (4) the approach to address DIT potential should be similar for chemicals and drugs, but the experimental design should be flexible and should reflect the specific questions to be answered; (5) it is possible to utilize a study design that assesses all critical windows in one protocol, with the results leading to further study of specific effects, as warranted; (6) animals should be exposed throughout the treatment protocol; (7) the triggers for DIT may include structure-activity-relationships, results from other toxicity studies, the intended use of a drug/chemical and/or its anticipated exposure of neonates and/or juveniles. C1 ILSI HESI, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, Newark, DE 19714 USA. ILSI Hlth Sci & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Holsapple, MP (reprint author), ILSI HESI, 1 Thomas Circle,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mholsapple@ilsi.org NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh299 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 878WJ UT WOS:000225677700003 PM 15456913 ER PT J AU Merrill, EA Clewell, RA Robinson, PJ Jarabek, AM Gearhart, JM Sterner, TR Fisher, JW AF Merrill, EA Clewell, RA Robinson, PJ Jarabek, AM Gearhart, JM Sterner, TR Fisher, JW TI PBPK model for radioactive iodide and perchlorate kinetics and perchlorate-induced inhibition of iodide uptake in humans SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; human; perchlorate; radioactive iodide; inhibition; thyroid ID PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS; DRINKING-WATER; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; THYROXINE LEVEL; NA+/I-SYMPORTER; MALE-RAT; TRANSPORT; EXPRESSION; NEWBORNS; TISSUES AB Detection of perchlorate (ClO4-) in several drinking water sources across the U.S. has lead to public concern over health effects from chronic low-level exposures. Perchlorate inhibits thyroid iodide (I-) uptake at the sodium (Na+)-iodide (I-) symporter (NIS), thereby disrupting the initial stage of thyroid hormone synthesis. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to describe the kinetics and distribution of both radioactive I- and cold ClO4- in healthy adult humans and simulates the subsequent inhibition of thyroid uptake of radioactive I- by ClO4-. The model successfully predicts the measured levels of serum and urinary ClO4- from drinking water exposures, ranging from 0.007 to 12 mg ClO4-/kg/day, as well as the subsequent inhibition of thyroid I-131(-) uptake. Thyroid iodine, as well as total, free, and protein-bound radioactive I- in serum from various tracer studies, are also successfully simulated. This model's parameters, in conjunction with corresponding model parameters established for the male, gestational, and lactating rat, can be used to estimate parameters in a pregnant or lactating human, that have not been or cannot be easily measured to extrapolate dose metrics and correlate observed effects in perchlorate toxicity studies to other human life stages. For example, by applying the adult male rat:adult human ratios of model parameters to those parameters established for the gestational and lactating rat, we can derive a reasonable estimate of corresponding parameters for a gestating or lactating human female. Although thyroid hormones and their regulatory feedback are not incorporated in the model structure, the model's successful prediction of free and bound radioactive I- and perchlorate's interaction with free radioactive I- provide a basis for extending the structure to address the complex hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback system. In this paper, bound radioactive I- refers to I- incorporated into thyroid hormones or iodinated proteins, which may or may not be bound to plasma proteins. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Operat Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merrill, EA (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 2729 St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Elaine.Merrill@wpafb.af.mil NR 91 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 25 EP 43 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi017 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 878WJ UT WOS:000225677700004 PM 15509666 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Johnson, MG Phillips, DL AF Tingey, DT Johnson, MG Phillips, DL TI Independent and contrasting effects of elevated CO2 and N-fertilization on root architecture in Pinus ponderosa SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE minirhizotron; Pinus ponderosa; fine roots; root architecture; elevated carbon dioxide ID SOIL NUTRIENT PATCHES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FINE ROOTS; PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION; MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS; FUNGAL GROWTH; LONGLEAF PINE; FIELD SOIL AB The effects of elevated CO2 and N-fertilization on the architecture of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws & C. Laws fine roots and their associated mycorrhizal symbionts were measured over a 4-year period using minirhizotron tubes. The study was conducted in open-top field-exposure chambers located near Placerville, Calif. A replicated (3 replicates), 3x3 factorial experimental design with three CO2 concentrations [ambient air (similar to354 mumol(-1)supercript stop), 525 mumol(-1), and 700 mumol mol(-1)] and three rates of N-fertilization (0, 100 and 200 kg(-1) ha(-1)) was used. Elevated CO2 and N treatment had contrasting effects on the architecture of fine roots and their associated mycorrhizae. Elevated CO2 increased both fine root extensity (degree of soil exploration) and intensity (extent that roots use explored areas) but had no effect on mycorrhizae. In contrast, N-fertilization had no effect on fine root extensity or intensity but increased mycorrhizal extensity and intensity. To better understand and model the responses of systems to increasing CO2 concentrations and N deposition/fertilization it is necessary to consider these contrasting root architectural responses. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tingey.dave@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00468-004-0361-8 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 884RW UT WOS:000226104700005 ER PT S AU Kobelski, BJ Smith, RE Whitehurst, AL AF Kobelski, B. J. Smith, R. E. Whitehurst, A. L. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI AN INTERPRETATION OF THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT'S "NON-ENDANGERMENT" STANDARD FOR THE UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL (UIC) PROGRAM SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kobelski, B. J.; Whitehurst, A. L.] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Smith, R. E.] US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Kobelski, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kobelski.bruce@epa.gov; smith.robert-eu@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900006 ER PT S AU Platt, SS Rectenwald, D AF Platt, S. Stephen Rectenwald, D. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI THE APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE USE OF A FIXED-RADIUS AREA OF REVIEW OR ZONE OF ENDANGERING INFLUENCE, WHEN CONDUCTING AN AREA-OF-REVIEW ANALYSIS FOR UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL OPERATIONS SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Platt, S. Stephen; Rectenwald, D.] US EPA, Safe Drinking Water Act Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Platt, S. Stephen; Rectenwald, D.] USA, Safe Drinking Water Act Branch, Environm Protect Agcy, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Platt, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Safe Drinking Water Act Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM rectenwald.dave@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900007 ER PT S AU Cutler, T Thurston, D AF Cutler, T. Thurston, D. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI ALASKA-SAKHALIN 2002 SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSION OF UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL IN ARCTIC OILFIELDS SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cutler, T.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Thurston, D.] Minerals Management Serv MMS, Anchorage, AK USA. [Cutler, T.] US EPA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cutler, T (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cutler.thor@epa.gov; Dennis.Thurston@mms.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900010 ER PT S AU Silin, D Tsang, CF Gerrish, H AF Silin, D. Tsang, C. -F. Gerrish, H. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI REPLACING ANNUAL SHUT-IN WELL TESTS BY ANALYSIS OF REGULAR INJECTION DATA: FIELD-CASE FEASIBILITY STUDY SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPERATIONS C1 [Silin, D.; Tsang, C. -F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gerrish, H.] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Silin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DSilin@LBL.GOV; cftsang@lbl.gov; gerrish.harlan@epa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900012 ER PT S AU Gerrish, H Nieto, A AF Gerrish, H. Nieto, A. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI EVALUATION OF RESERVOIR INFORMATION IN RELATION TO EARTHQUAKES IN ASHTABULA, OHIO SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT; INDUCED SEISMICITY; INJECTION WELLS; CLEVELAND; STRESS C1 [Gerrish, H.] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Nieto, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nieto, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Gerrish, H (reprint author), US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM gerrish.harlan@epa.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 377 EP 401 PG 25 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900028 ER PT S AU Ghose, S AF Ghose, S. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI FLUID INJECTION NEAR THE WASTE ISOLATION PILOT PLANT SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ghose, S (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 431 EP 440 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900032 ER PT S AU Cutler, T AF Cutler, T. BE Tsang, CF Apps, JA TI ALASKAN UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SO UNDERGROUND INJECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Cutler, T (reprint author), US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM cutler.thor@epa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 978-0-08-045790-1 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2005 VL 52 BP 557 EP 567 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BCR43 UT WOS:000311096900045 ER PT B AU Berry, WJ Bridges, TS Ells, SJ Gries, TH Ireland, DS Maher, EM Menzie, CA Porebski, LM Stronkhorst, J AF Berry, WJ Bridges, TS Ells, SJ Gries, TH Ireland, DS Maher, EM Menzie, CA Porebski, LM Stronkhorst, J BE Wenning, RJ Batley, GE Ingersoll, CG Moore, DW TI Use of sediment quality guidelines in existing assessment frameworks SO USE OF SEDIMENT: QUALITY GUIDELINES AND RELATED TOOLS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pellston Workshop on Use of Sediment Quality Guidelines and Related Tools for the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL Fairmont, MT SP Soc Envirnom Toxicol & Chem, Amer Chem Council, Amer Petr Inst, Autorita Portuale Venezia, CSIRO-Australia, E I duPont Nemours & Co, ENVIRON Int Corp, Environm Canada, Int Lead Zinc Res Org, Kennecott Utah Copper Corp, MEC Analyt Syst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nations Port, Port Author New York, Port Author New Jersey, Rohm & Haas Co, San Diego Unified Port District, SO Calif Coastal Water & Resource Protect Agcy, USA Corps Engineers, US Geol Survey, USN C1 US EPA, Atlant Ecol Div, ORD, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Berry, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Atlant Ecol Div, ORD, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RI BATLEY, Graeme/A-4805-2008 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-71-6 PY 2005 BP 383 EP 428 PG 46 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCU25 UT WOS:000231244100010 ER PT J AU Suidan, MT Esperanza, M Zein, M McCauley, P Brenner, RC Venosa, AD AF Suidan, MT Esperanza, M Zein, M McCauley, P Brenner, RC Venosa, AD TI Challenges in biodegradation of trace organic contaminants - Gasoline oxygenates and sex hormones SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; AMYL METHYL-ETHER; WASTE-WATER; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; MTBE BIODEGRADATION; BACTERIAL CULTURE; ESTROGENS; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER AB Advances in analytical methods have led to the identification of several classes of organic chemicals that are associated with adverse environmental effects. Two such classes of organic chemicals, gasoline oxygenates and sex hormones, are used to illustrate challenges associated with the biodegradation of trace organic contaminants. Gasoline oxygenates can be present in groundwater, alone, or commingled with xylene, at appreciable concentrations. However, target-treated water standards dictate that gasoline oxygenates be reduced to the microgram-per-liter concentration range before consumption. Sex hormones, on the other hand, are present in wastewater matrixes in the part-per-trillion concentration range, and the biggest challenge that must be met, before optimizing their removal, is facilitating their detection. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM makram.suidan@uc.edu NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.2175/106143005X41564 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 897ED UT WOS:000226985900002 PM 15765930 ER PT J AU Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Mearns, AJ Ginn, TC Buchman, M AF Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Mearns, Alan J. Ginn, Thomas C. Buchman, Michael TI Effect of pollution on marine organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHAETE SABELLA-SPALLANZANII; CETACEANS INCIDENTALLY CAUGHT; CRAB CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA AB Papers reviewed herein are limited to the biological, chemical and physical effects of environmental disturbance, natural, and anthropogenic, on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The worldwide literature is reviewed including textbooks, conference proceedings, original research reports, and reviews published in 2003. A special feature is a tabular listing of the body burden of inorganic and organic contaminants in plants and animals. The effects of pollutants on individual species and communities are included. Changes at the c cellular and subcellular level as caused by contaminants are reviewed. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Seattle, WA USA. Exponent Environm Grp, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Reish, DJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM DJReish@aol.com NR 216 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2005 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2733 EP 2819 DI 10.2175/106143005X54669 PG 87 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA V43RL UT WOS:000202952100035 ER PT J AU Burbano, AA Dionysiou, DD Suidan, MT Richardson, TL AF Burbano, AA Dionysiou, DD Suidan, MT Richardson, TL TI Oxidation kinetics and effect of pH on the degradation of MTBE with Fenton reagent SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MTBE; Fenton reagent; advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); AOTs; hydroxyl radical; hydrogen peroxide; iron; groundwater contamination; TBA; TBF ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MECHANISMS; PATHWAYS; OZONE AB The fundamentals of the Fenton reagent-based degradation of low concentrations of methyl tort-butyl ether (MTBE) in batch reactors under initially anaerobic conditions are discussed in this work. The objective of the study was to quantitatively verify the feasibility of MTBE degradation with Fenton reagent under such conditions. The conclusions may be :potentially helpful to further develop an effective in situ treatment of MTBE-contaminated groundwater. Initial MTBE concentrations ([MTBE](0)) of 11.4 and 22.7muM (approximately 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, respectively) were treated with Fenton reagent (FR) using a [FR](0):[MTBE](0) molar ratio of 10:1. FR was used in equimolar mixture of Fe2+ and H2O2 (i.e., [Fe2+](0):[H2O2](0)= 1:1). This analysis considers the hydroxyl radicals (OH.) produced by FR as the main species responsible for the degradation processes. The effects of [MTBE](0) and pH on the oxidation kinetics were investigated. Under these conditions it was observed that: (i) MTBE was degraded at high extent (90-99%) after 1 h of reaction time, (ii) MTBE mineralization was low in all cases and reached only 31.7% at the best conditions, and (iii) In all cases, most of MTBE degradation occurred during the initial 3-5 min of reaction. During this brief initial phase, MTBE transformation followed pseudo-first order kinetics, while the subsequent phase exhibited a sharp drop in degradation rate and had almost negligible contribution to the overall degradation. Experiments performed at acidic pH exhibited the best degradation results, while at neutral pH the degradation rates dropped significantly. Other parameters included in this analysis were: TOC reduction and total concentration of compounds containing the tert-butyl group in their structure (tBC). These compounds were analyzed because of the concerns related to their potential toxicity. Tert-butyl formate (TBF), Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), acetone and methyl acetate were identified and quantified as major reaction intermediates. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 35 TC 131 Z9 149 U1 7 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.09.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 894XR UT WOS:000226825400013 PM 15607170 ER PT J AU Lei, L Khodadoust, AP Suidan, MT Tabak, HH AF Lei, L Khodadoust, AP Suidan, MT Tabak, HH TI Biodegradation of sediment-bound PAHs in field contaminated sediment SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAHs; aerobic; sulfate reducing; denitrifying; sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; autotrophic denitrifier ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MARINE HARBOR SEDIMENTS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; REDOX CONDITIONS; DATED SEDIMENTS; MICELLAR PHASE; SOIL; NAPHTHALENE; PHENANTHRENE AB The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been reported to occur under aerobic, sulfate reducing, and denitrifying conditions. PAHs present in contaminated sites, however, are known for their persistence. Most published studies were conducted in systems where PAHs were freshly spiked, and biodegradation was often tested using pure cultures or enrichments. This paper investigated the degradation potentials of PAHs that were present in aged contaminated sediment by indigenous bacteria, where the limited bioavailability of PAHs due to aging played an important role. The sediment and the overlaying water were collected from a contaminated site to prepare sediment-water slurries, and the sediment served as both the media containing PAH substrates and the habitat for the indigenous microorganisms. Reduced sulfur compounds present in the sediment caused rapid oxygen depletion due to extensive activities of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and could result in a dramatic pH drop. Once oxygen depletion and acidification problems were avoided, substantial removals of two-, three-, four-, and five-ring PAHs were achieved aerobically, though the extent of degradations was smaller than what was reported for freshly spiked PAHs. The amendment of inorganic N and P, co-substrates, or surfactant Triton X-100 did not enhance the level of degradations appreciably. Under denitrifying conditions, no distinct PAH degradation was observed, while the complete denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen occurred stoichiometrically with a concomitant increase in sulfate concentration, indicating the dominance of autotrophic denitrifiers. The addition of ethanol or acetic acid did not stimulate PAH degradation. Substantial PAH degradation attributed to sulfate reduction was only observed for phenanthrene, the low-ring PAH existing in a highest initial concentration. Addition of ethanol or acetic acid did not change this finding. This is the first study to our knowledge that revealed the importance of indigenous bacteria involved in natural sulfur cycling in determining degradation behavior of PAHs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. US EPA, Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765G Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM makram.suidan@uc.edu NR 37 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.09.021 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 893NX UT WOS:000226727600009 PM 15644243 ER PT J AU Sanderson, H Stahl, CH Irwin, R Rogers, MD AF Sanderson, H Stahl, CH Irwin, R Rogers, MD TI Reflections on uncertainty in risk assessment and risk management by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) precautionary principle workgroup SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Uncertainty and Precaution in Environment Management CY JUN 07-09, 2004 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP IWA, EFIEA, EEA, SETAC, INRIC, HARMONICA, RISK REG, DTU, DNC IWA, ATV, GEUS DE ecological risk assessment; equivalence testing; MIRA; null hypothesis ID PHARMACEUTICALS; PARTICIPATION; HORMONES; ABUSE AB Quantitative uncertainty assessments and the distribution of risk are under scrutiny and significant criticism has been made of null hypothesis testing when careful consideration of Type I (false positive) and 11 (false negative) error rates have not been taken into account. An alternative method, equivalence testing, is discussed yielding more transparency and potentially more precaution in the quantifiable uncertainty assessments. With thousands of chemicals needing regulation in the near future and low public trust in the regulatory process, decision models are required with transparency and learning processes to manage this task. Adaptive, iterative, and learning decision making tools and processes can help decision makers evaluate the significance of Type I or Type II errors on decision alternatives and can reduce the risk of committing Type III errors (accurate answers to the wrong questions). Simplistic cost-benefit based decision-making tools do not incorporate the complex interconnectedness characterizing environmental risks, nor do they enhance learning, participation, or include social values and ambiguity. Hence, better decision-making tools are required, and MIRA is an attempt to include some of the critical aspects. C1 Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. US EPA, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Div Water Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Commiss European Communities, Grp Policy Advisers, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Sanderson, H (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Bovey Bldg, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM hsanderson@sdahq.org; stahl.cynthia@epa.gov; roy_irwin@nps.gov; michael.rogers@cec.eu.int NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 987ZT UT WOS:000233557300011 PM 16304937 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Bond, TC Lee, T Jang, C AF Streets, DG Bond, TC Lee, T Jang, C TI On the future of carbonaceous aerosol emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; emissions; projections; global; black carbon; organic carbon ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; BLACK CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACE-ASIA; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB This paper presents the first model-based forecasts of future emissions of the primary carbonaceous aerosols, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The forecasts build on a recent 1996 inventory of emissions that contains detailed fuel, technology, sector, and world-region specifications. The forecasts are driven by four IPCC scenarios, A1B, A2, B1, and B2, out to 2030 and 2050, incorporating not only changing patterns of fuel use but also technology development. Emissions from both energy generation and open biomass burning are included. We project that global BC emissions will decline from 8.0 Tg in 1996 to 5.3-7.3 Tg by 2030 and to 4.3-6.1 Tg by 2050, across the range of scenarios. We project that OC emissions will decline from 34 Tg in 1996 to 24-30 Tg by 2030 and to 21-28 Tg by 2050. The introduction of advanced technology with lower emission rates, as well as a shift away from the use of traditional solid fuels in the residential sector, more than offsets the increased combustion of fossil fuels worldwide. Environmental pressures and a diminishing demand for new agricultural land lead to a slow decline in the amount of open biomass burning. Although emissions of BC and OC are generally expected to decline around the world, some regions, particularly South America, northern Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, show increasing emissions in several scenarios. Particularly difficult to control are BC emissions from the transport sector, which increase under most scenarios. We expect that the BC/OC emission ratio for energy sources will rise from 0.5 to as much as 0.8, signifying a shift toward net warming of the climate system due to carbonaceous aerosols. When biomass burning is included, however, the BC/OC emission ratios are for the most part invariant across scenarios at about 0.2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 73 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24212 DI 10.1029/2004JD004902 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885CF UT WOS:000226133800001 ER PT J AU Jobson, BT Berkowitz, CM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Williams, EJ Fesenfeld, FC Apel, EC Karl, T Lonneman, WA Riemer, D AF Jobson, BT Berkowitz, CM Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Williams, EJ Fesenfeld, FC Apel, EC Karl, T Lonneman, WA Riemer, D TI Hydrocarbon source signatures in Houston, Texas: Influence of the petrochemical industry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; sources; variability ID VARIABILITY-LIFETIME RELATIONSHIP; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE RECONCILIATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; RESIDENCE TIME; GAS-PHASE AB Observations of C-1-C-10 hydrocarbon mixing ratios measured by in situ instrumentation at the La Porte super site during the TexAQS 2000 field experiment are reported. The La Porte data were compared to a roadway vehicle exhaust signature obtained from canister samples collected in the Houston Washburn tunnel during the same summer to better understand the impact of petrochemical emissions of hydrocarbons at the site. It is shown that the abundance of ethene, propene, 1-butene, C-2-C-4 alkanes, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isopropylbenzene, and styrene at La Porte were systematically affected by petrochemical industry emissions. Coherent power law relationships between frequency distribution widths of hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their local lifetimes clearly identify two major source groups, roadway vehicle emissions and industrial emissions. Distributions of most aromatics and long chain alkanes were consistent with roadway vehicle emissions as the dominant source. Air mass reactivity was generally dominated by C-1-C-3 aldehydes. Propene and ethene sometimes dominated air mass reactivity with HO loss frequencies often greater than 10 s(-1). Ozone mixing ratios near 200 ppbv were observed on two separate occasions, and these air masses appear to have been affected by industrial emissions of alkenes from the Houston Ship Channel. The La Porte data provide evidence of the importance of industrial emissions of ethene and propene on air mass reactivity and ozone formation in Houston. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80020 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tom.jobson@pnl.gov RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588 NR 44 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24305 DI 10.1029/2004JD004887 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PP UT WOS:000226026900001 ER PT J AU Jones, JJ AF Jones, JJ TI EPA not responsible for 'uninvitation' of a critic SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7019 BP 799 EP 799 DI 10.1038/432799d PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 879QY UT WOS:000225733500018 PM 15602520 ER PT J AU Kahl, JS Stoddard, JL Haeuber, R Paulsen, SG Birnbaum, R Deviney, FA Webb, JR Dewalle, DR Sharpe, W Driscoll, CT Herlihy, AT Kellogg, JH Murdoch, PS Roy, K Webster, KE Urquhart, NS AF Kahl, JS Stoddard, JL Haeuber, R Paulsen, SG Birnbaum, R Deviney, FA Webb, JR Dewalle, DR Sharpe, W Driscoll, CT Herlihy, AT Kellogg, JH Murdoch, PS Roy, K Webster, KE Urquhart, NS TI Have US surface waters responded to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADIRONDACK REGION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ACIDIFICATION; LAKES; TRENDS; RECOVERY; EUROPE C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Assessment & Commun Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 484A EP 490A DI 10.1021/es040686l PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800006 PM 15669297 ER PT J AU Tang, KM Nace, CG Lynes, CL Maddaloni, MA Laposta, D Callahan, KC AF Tang, KM Nace, CG Lynes, CL Maddaloni, MA Laposta, D Callahan, KC TI Characterization of background concentrations in Upper Manhattan, New York apartments for select contaminants identified in World Trade Center dust SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLEANING TECHNIQUES TRIAL; NEW-JERSEY ASSESSMENT; IN-HOUSE DUST; LEAD DUST; SOIL AB Residential indoor concentration of asbestos, lead, synthetic vitreous fiber (SVF), crystalline silica, calcite, gypsum, dioxin, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 25 residences and 9 building-interior common areas in upper Manhattan, NY. This was done to characterize the background levels of contaminants, identified in dust related to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers, at locations that were minimally impacted by the dust fallout. The study was initiated due to the paucity of background concentrations on building-related materials and combustion byproducts in urban residential dwellings. Asbestos, lead, SVF, crystalline silica, and dioxin were detected at very low concentration at some locations, and many samples tested below their respective analysis detection limits. Almost all of the environmental samples for PAHs, calcite, gypsum, and certain other building materials tested below their respective analysis detection limits. A comparative analysis to the limited literature data showed general agreement with the values found in this study. This study provides insight into the levels of these contaminants in lower Manhattan residential buildings prior to the attack, and these data will serve to enhance the available database for characterizing indoor environments for these contaminants. C1 US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Laposta, D (reprint author), US EPA, 290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM laposta.dore@epa.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6482 EP 6490 DI 10.1021/es035468r PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800012 PM 15669303 ER PT J AU Strynar, M Dec, J Benesi, A Jones, AD Fry, RA Bollag, JM AF Strynar, M Dec, J Benesi, A Jones, AD Fry, RA Bollag, JM TI Using F-19 NMR spectroscopy to determine trifluralin binding to soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVALENT BINDING; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ORGANIC-MATTER; FULVIC-ACID; C-13 NMR; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES; RELAXATION; CHEMICALS; ATRAZINE AB Trifluralin is a widely used herbicide for the control of broad leaf weeds in a variety of crops. Its binding to soil may result in significant losses in herbicidal activity and a delayed pollution problem. To investigate the nature of soilbound trifluralin residues, C-14-labeled herbicide was incubated for 7 weeks with four soils under anoxic conditions. As determined by radiocounting, trifluralin binding ranged between 10 and 53% of the initial C-14 depending on the soil tested. F-19 NMR analyses of the methanol extracts and different fractions of the extracted soil suggested that bound residue formation largely involved reduced metabolites of the herbicide. A 2,6-diamino product of trifluralin reduction with zero-valent iron (Fe-TR), and the standard of a 1,2-diaminotrifluralin derivative (TR6) formed covalent bonds with fulvic acid (FA), as indicated by the F-19 NMR spectra taken periodically over a 3-week contact time. At short contact times, TR6 and Fe-TR formed weak physical bonds with FA, as the respective spin-lattice relaxation times (T-l) decreased from the range 1300-1831 ms for TR6 or Fe-TR analyzed in the absence of FA to the range 150410 ms for TR6/FA or Fe-TR/FA mixtures. In general, the results indicated that trifluralin immobilization involved a variety of mechanisms (covalent binding, adsorption, sequestration), and with time it became increasingly stable. C1 Penn State Inst Env, Soil Biochem Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dec, J (reprint author), Penn State Inst Env, Soil Biochem Lab, 107 Res Bldg C, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jdec@psu.edu RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013 OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6645 EP 6655 DI 10.1021/es0403110 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800032 PM 15669323 ER PT J AU Vega, AM Lancaster, VA Roulier, MH AF Vega, AM Lancaster, VA Roulier, MH TI Comparison of two field sampling procedures (en core and field methanol extraction) for volatile organic compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In-situ Lasagna technology was recently evaluated at a contaminated site at Offutt Air Force Base. The site was contaminated with low levels (<30 mg/kg) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Originally, researchers planned to use field methanol extraction for both pre- and post-treatment sampling to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology on contaminant reduction. Precharacterization sampling, however, indicated that concentrations of some contaminants of concern were much lower than expected. Because use of methanol increases the detection limit, it was probable that post-treatment concentrations of these target contaminants would be nondetectable if methanol extraction was used. Project management, therefore, decided to use En Core samplers in addition to field methanol extraction during the pretreatment sampling event. The En Core sampling approach, while yielding a lower detection limit, uses discreet samples along the length of a core, whereas the methanol extraction approach samples the entire length of the core. The concern was that discreet samples may bias results if any "hot spots" were present. The two field sampling procedures, En Core and field methanol extraction, were performed side-by-side during the pretreatment phase of the technology evaluation in order to determine if the concern was valid for this site. Results were compared for four contaminants of concern: trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene. The two procedures produced similar results with respect to both the concentration means and the variances, and no bias was evident. This finding supports project management's decision to use only En Core samplers post-treatment due to low concentrations of target contaminants. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Neptune & Co Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Vega, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vega.ann@epa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6790 EP 6794 DI 10.1021/es049276n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800050 PM 15669340 ER PT J AU Morrison, MA Benoit, G AF Morrison, MA Benoit, G TI Investigation of conventional membrane and tangential flow ultrafiltration artifacts and their application to the characterization of freshwater colloids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE ORGANIC COLLOIDS; TRACE-METALS; AQUATIC COLLOIDS; SURFACE-WATER; RIVER; FILTRATION; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; PARTICLES; ELEMENTS AB Artifacts associated with the fractionation of colloids in a freshwater sample were investigated for conventional membrane filtration (0.45 mum cutoff), and two tangential flow ultrafiltration cartridges (0.1 mum cutoff and 3000 MW cutoff). Membrane clogging during conventional filtration removed some colloids smaller than 0.1 mum in diameter, much smaller than the nominal size of the filter. For certain constituents (e.g., Fe), filter clogging had a significant effect on filtrate concentrations, while artifacts associated with tangential flow ultrafiltration using a 0.1 mum cutoff were minimal. Artifacts occurred during tangential flow ultrafiltration with a 3000 MW cutoff, but did not deviate from predicted changes in concentration based on a standard permeation model. Comparison of filtrate concentrations for membrane filtration (at 1.0 and 0.45 mum) and tangential flow ultrafiltration (at 0.1 mum) for a large number of samples from Connecticut rivers shows that significant and consistent differences exist between their separation characteristics. Results for organic carbon, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, and Pb demonstrate the magnitude of the effects of the fractionation technique on filtrate element concentration, show variability by element and flow condition, and highlight the importance of larger colloids to freshwater metal speciation. One implication of the research is that tangential flow ultrafiltration with large size cutoff membranes (e.g., similar to0.1 mum) may be superior to conventional filtration with filters in the same size discrimination range, and potentially more appropriate for the fractionation of natural water samples. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Environm, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Morrison, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM morrison.matthew@epa.gov RI Benoit, Gaboury/O-6621-2014 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6817 EP 6823 DI 10.1021/es0497101 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800054 PM 15669344 ER PT J AU Saper, RB Kales, SN Paquin, J Burns, MJ Eisenberg, DM Davis, RB Phillips, RS AF Saper, RB Kales, SN Paquin, J Burns, MJ Eisenberg, DM Davis, RB Phillips, RS TI Heavy metal content of Ayurvedic herbal medicine products SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD LEAD; EXPOSURE AB Context Lead, mercury, and arsenic intoxication have been associated with the use of Ayurvedic herbal medicine product (HMPs). Objectives To determine the prevalence and concentration of heavy metals in Ayurvedic HMPs manufactured in South Asia and sold in Boston-area stores and to compare estimated daily metal ingestion with regulatory standards. Design and Setting Systematic search strategy to identify all stores 20 miles or less from Boston City Hall that sold Ayurvedic HMPs from South Asia by searching online Yellow Pages using the categories markets, supermarkets, and convenience stores, and business names containing the word India, Indian cities, and Indian words. An online national directory of Indian grocery stores, a South Asian community business directory, and a newspaper were also searched. We visited each store and purchased all unique Ayurvedic HMPs between April 25 and October 24, 2003. Main Outcome Measures Concentrations (mug/g) of lead, mercury, and arsenic in each HMP as measured by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Estimates of daily metal ingestion for adults and children estimated using manufacturers' dosage recommendations with comparisons to US Pharmacopeia and US Environmental Protection Agency regulatory standards. Results A total of 14 (20%) of 70 HMPs (95% confidence interval, 11%-31%) contained heavy metals: lead (n=13; median concentration, 40 mug/g; range, 5-37000), mercury (n=6; median concentration, 20225 mug/g; range, 28-104000), and/or arsenic (n=6; median concentration, 430 mug/g; range, 37-8130). If taken as recommended by the manufacturers, each of these 14 could result in heavy metal intakes above published regulatory standards. Conclusions One of 5 Ayurvedic HMPs produced in South Asia and available in Boston South Asian grocery stores contains potentially harmful levels of lead, mercury, and/or arsenic. Users of Ayurvedic medicine may be at risk for heavy metal toxicity, and testing of Ayurvedic HMPs for toxic heavy metals should be mandatory. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Osher Inst, Div Res & Educ Complementary & Integrat Med Thera, Boston, MA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Div Toxicol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, New England Reg Lab, N Chelmsford, MA USA. RP Saper, RB (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, 1 Boston Med Ctr Pl,Dowling 5 S, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM robert.saper@bmc.org FU NCCIH NIH HHS [K24 AT00589, T32 AT00051] NR 38 TC 254 Z9 260 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 23 BP 2868 EP 2873 DI 10.1001/jama.292.23.2868 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879CR UT WOS:000225694500024 PM 15598918 ER PT J AU Slikker, W Andersen, ME Bogdanffy, MS Bus, JS Cohen, SD Conolly, RB David, RM Doerrer, NG Dorman, DC Gaylor, DW Hattis, D Rogers, JM Setzer, RW Swenberg, JA Wallace, K AF Slikker, W Andersen, ME Bogdanffy, MS Bus, JS Cohen, SD Conolly, RB David, RM Doerrer, NG Dorman, DC Gaylor, DW Hattis, D Rogers, JM Setzer, RW Swenberg, JA Wallace, K TI Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dose-dependent transitions; mechanisms of toxicity; dose-response ID HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; INDUCED HEPATIC NECROSIS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; INTACT MALE RATS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INHALATION EXPOSURE; CARCINOGENIC RISK AB Scientists and decision makers from all sectors agree that risk assessments should be based on the best available science. Several years ago, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), a global branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), identified the need for better scientific understanding of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity as one avenue by which the best and latest science can be integrated into the decision making process. In July 2001, the HESI Project Committee on Dose-Dependent Transitions in Mechanisms of Toxicity established a group of academic, government, and industry scientists to engage in active technical discourse on the issue of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity. Over the next 18 months, case studies were examined. These case studies included acetaminophen, butadiene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, manganese, methylene chloride, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, progesterone/hydroxyflutamide, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and zinc (Slikker, W., Jr., Andersen, M.E., Bogdanffy, M.S., Bus, J.S., Cohen, S.D., Conolly, R.B., David, R.M., Doerrer, N.G., Dorman, D.C., Gaylor, D.W., Hattis, D., Rogers, J.M., Selzer, R.W., Swenberg, J.A., Wallace, K., 2004. Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 201(3), 226-294 (this issue)). The HESI Project Committee sponsored two technical workshops in 2003. The first of these workshops took place on February 12-13, 2003, and was co-sponsored by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.. the American Chemistry Council, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Society of Toxicology, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support was provided by Health Canada. Invited experts from government, academia, and industry provided scientific perspectives and recommendations at the workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to examine approaches to dose-response analysis, learn from the case study examples, and gather feedback from invited participants on the impact of dose-dependent transitions on the risk assessment process. The second forum consisted of a workshop in March 2003 at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, UT. This paper addresses the issues discussed at both workshops, and presents the consensus conclusions drawn by expert participants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Sci, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. Gaylor & Assoc LLC, Eureka Springs, AR 72631 USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@ilsi.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Setzer, Rhyne/0000-0002-6709-9186 NR 116 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 201 IS 3 BP 203 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.06.019 PG 23 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 882JI UT WOS:000225934800001 PM 15582645 ER PT J AU Slikker, W Andersen, ME Bogdanffy, MS Bus, JS Cohen, SD Conolly, RB David, RM Doerrer, NG Dorman, DC Gaylor, DW Hattis, D Rogers, JM Setzer, RW Swenberg, JA Wallace, K AF Slikker, W Andersen, ME Bogdanffy, MS Bus, JS Cohen, SD Conolly, RB David, RM Doerrer, NG Dorman, DC Gaylor, DW Hattis, D Rogers, JM Setzer, RW Swenberg, JA Wallace, K TI Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dose-dependent transitions; mechanisms of toxicity; dose response; acetaminophen; butadiene; ethylene glycol; formaldehyde; manganese; methylene chloride; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; progesterone/hydroxyflutamide; propylene oxide; vinyl acetate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene chloride; zinc ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; INDUCED HEPATIC-NECROSIS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY; MANGANESE OXIDE AEROSOL; PARA-BENZOQUINONE IMINE AB Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose-response curve. It is highly likely that critical, limiting steps in any given mechanistic pathway may become overwhelmed with increasing exposures, signaling the emergence of new modalities of toxic tissue injury at these higher doses. Therefore, dose-dependent transitions in principal mechanisms of toxicity may occur, and could have significant impact on the interpretation of reference data sets for risk assessment. To illustrate the existence of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity, a group of academic, government, and industry scientists, formed under the leadership of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), developed a series of case studies. These case studies included acetaminophen, butadiene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, manganese, methylene chloride, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), progesterone/hydroxyflutamide, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and zinc. The case studies formed the basis for technical discourse at two scientific workshops in 2003. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Sci, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. Gaylor & Assoc LLC, Eureka Springs, AR 72631 USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@ilsi.org OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Setzer, Rhyne/0000-0002-6709-9186 NR 576 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 201 IS 3 BP 226 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.tapp.2004.06.027 PG 69 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 882JI UT WOS:000225934800002 PM 15582646 ER PT J AU Guzzella, L Monarca, S Zani, C Feretti, D Zerbini, I Buschini, A Poli, P Rossi, C Richardson, SD AF Guzzella, L Monarca, S Zani, C Feretti, D Zerbini, I Buschini, A Poli, P Rossi, C Richardson, SD TI In vitro potential genotoxic effects of surface drinking water treated with chlorine and alternative disinfectants SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE genotoxicity; in vitro assays; disinfection; disinfection by-products; surface drinking water ID BY-PRODUCTS; PLANT-TESTS; MUTAGENICITY; EXTRACTS; YEAST; BACTERIAL; MUTATION; ACID AB A battery of in vitro short-term tests revealing different genetic end-points was set up in order to study surface-water genotoxicity after disinfection with different biocides: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and peracetic acid (PAA). The surface water both before and after disinfection was concentrated by adsorption on C-18 silica cartridges and the concentrates containing non-volatile organics were divided into different portions for chemical analyses and biological assays. The following in vitro tests were conducted on the water concentrates dissolved in DMSO: the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100; the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli, the Microtox(R) and Mutatox(R) assays with Vibrio fischeri; and gene conversion, point mutation and mitochondrial DNA mutability assays with D7 diploid Saccharomices cerevisiae strain. The results show that the SOS Chromotest and the yeast assays are highly sensitive in detecting genotoxicity. The surface-water extracts were very often toxic to most of the test organisms considered, partially masking their potential mutagenic activity. Therefore, the assays with E. coli and with S. cerevisiae are more likely to show a mutagenic effect because these organisms are generally less sensitive to most toxic compounds. Among the tested disinfectants, NaClO and ClO2 increased water genotoxicity, whereas PAA was able to slightly reduce raw water activity. However, because the organic compounds in the lake water varied with the season of the year, the disinfection processes, at times, both increased and decreased the raw water activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Water Res Inst, IRSA, CNR, I-20047 Milan, Italy. Univ Perugia, Dept Hyg & Publ Hlth, Perugia, Italy. Univ Brescia, Dept Expt & Appl Med, Hyg Sect, Brescia, Italy. Univ Parma, Dept Genet Anthropol Evolut, Parma, Italy. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Guzzella, L (reprint author), CNR, Water Res Inst, IRSA, CNR, Via Mornera 25, I-20047 Milan, Italy. EM guzzella@irsa.rm.cnr.it RI Buschini, Annamaria/A-5774-2012; OI Buschini, Annamaria/0000-0002-9877-2767; Guzzella, Licia/0000-0003-0897-0338 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD DEC 12 PY 2004 VL 564 IS 2 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.08.006 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 871WK UT WOS:000225167100008 PM 15507382 ER PT J AU Atekwana, EA Atekwana, EA Werkema, DD Allen, JP Smart, LA Duris, JW Cassidy, DP Sauck, WA Rossbach, S AF Atekwana, EA Atekwana, EA Werkema, DD Allen, JP Smart, LA Duris, JW Cassidy, DP Sauck, WA Rossbach, S TI Evidence for microbial enhanced electrical conductivity in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; ENUMERATION; AQUIFER; PLUMES AB Bulk electrical conductivity of sediments during microbial mineralization of diesel was investigated in a mesoscale laboratory experiment consisting of biotic contaminated and uncontaminated columns. Population numbers of oil degrading microorganisms increased with a clear pattern of depth zonation within the contaminated column not observed in the uncontaminated column. Microbial community structure determined from ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer analysis showed a highly specialized microbial community in the contaminated column. The contaminated column showed temporal increases in bulk conductivity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and calcium, suggesting that the high bulk conductivity is due to enhanced mineral weathering from microbial activity. The greatest change in bulk conductivity occurred in sediments above the water table saturated with diesel. Variations in electrical conductivity magnitude and microbial populations and their depth distribution in the contaminated column are similar to field observations. The results of this study suggest that geophysical methodologies may potentially be used to investigate microbial activity. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Genie Geol, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Atekwana, EA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM atekwana@umr.edu OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109; atekwana, eliot/0000-0002-4934-650X; Sauck, William/0000-0003-2911-3044 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23501 DI 10.1029/2004GL021359 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881PE UT WOS:000225879000006 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Brumley, WC Sovocool, GW AF Mottaleb, MA Brumley, WC Sovocool, GW TI Nitro musk metabolites bound to carp hemoglobin: Determination by GC with two MS detection modes: EIMS versus electron capture negative ion MS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; synthetic musks; 4-AMX; 2-AMK; metabolites; hemoglobin adducts; carp; exposure ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ENVIRONMENT; XYLENE; FRAGRANCES; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES AB Nitroaromatic compounds including synthetic nitro musks are important raw materials and intermediates in the synthesis of explosives, dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical and personal-care products (PPCPs). The nitro musks Such as musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK) are extensively used as fragrance ingredients in PPCPs and other commercial toiletries. Identification and quantification of a bound 4-amino-MX (4-AMX) metabolite as well as a 2-amino-MK (2-AMK) metabolite were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), with selected ion monitoring (SIM) in both the electron ionization (EIMS) and electron capture (EC) negative ion chemical ionization (NICIMS) modes. Detection of 4-AMX and 2-AMK occurred after the cysteine adducts in carp hemoglobin, derived from the nitroso metabolites. were released by alkaline hydrolysis. The released metabolites were extracted into n-hexane. The extract was preconcentrated by evaporation, and analyzed by GC-SIM-MS. A comparison between the El and EC approaches was made. EC NICIMS detected both metabolites whereas only 4-AMX was detected by EIMS. The EC NICIMS approach exhibited fewer matrix responses and provided a lower detection limit. Quantitation in both approaches was based on an internal standard and a calibration plot. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, POB 97348, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Mohammad_Mottaleb@Baylor.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 14-15 BP 1069 EP 1078 DI 10.1080/03067310410001729033 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888OG UT WOS:000226383500004 ER PT J AU Blanco, I Fernandez-Bustillo, E de Serres, FJ Alkassam, D Menendez, CR AF Blanco, I Fernandez-Bustillo, E de Serres, FJ Alkassam, D Menendez, CR TI PI*S and PI*Z alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: estimated prevalence and number of deficient subjects in Spain SO MEDICINA CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article DE alpha 1-antitrypsin; alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency; PI phenotypes; genetic epidemiology; Spain ID SERUM-PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS; ALPHA(1)-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLISHED SURVEYS; POPULATION; DISEASE; EUROPE; PHENOTYPES; SUBTYPES AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an hereditary disorder with increased risk of pulmonary emphysema and chronic liver diseases in children and adults. Since it is possible currently in Spain to apply alpha-1-antitrypsin replacement therapy to AATD patients, the objective of this study was to calculate the total number of subjects affected by PIS and PIZ AATD, and its phenotypic distribution. SUBJECTS, MATERIAL AND METHOD: Selection of published studies on allelic frequencies PIS and PIZ according to the following criteria: a) alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotyping performed by isoelectro-focusing; b) rejection of <>; c) statistic precision factor score of 5, and d) samples representative of the Spanish general population. RESULTS: Four out 34 cohorts were selected. Mean gene frequencies (per 1,000) were: 104 (95% confidence interval [CI], 96-113) for PI*S and 17 (95% Cl, 14-21) for PI*Z. These data indicated that it would exist in Spain 9,173,181 AATD subjects (95% Cl, 9,167,9669,178,398), with the following phenotypic distribution: 7,358,263 (95% Cl, 6,696,222-8, 072,328) for PIMS; 1,222,041 (95% Cl, 972,767-1,539,805) for PIMZ; 436,023 (95% Cl, 369,057-514,244) for PISS; 144,827 (95% Cl, 107,227-195,038) for PISZ; and 12,026 (95% Cl, 7,788-18,493) for PIZZ. The global prevalence was 1 out of 4.4 individuals, with the following distribution: PIMS 1/5; PIMZ 1/33; PISS 1/92; PISZ 1/278; and PIZZ 1/3,344. CONCLUSIONS: AATD is a frequent but underdiagnosed disease in Spain. C1 Hosp Valle Nalon, Med Interna Serv, Secc Neumol, Riano 33194, Principado Astu, Spain. Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Unidad Bioestadist, Oviedo, Principado Astu, Spain. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Mol Toxicol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Hosp Valle Nalon, Serv Anal Clin, Sama De Langreo, Principado Astu, Spain. Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Inst Nacl Silicosis, Serv Anal Clin, Oviedo, Spain. RP Blanco, I (reprint author), Hosp Valle Nalon, Med Interna Serv, Secc Neumol, Poligono Riano S-N, Riano 33194, Principado Astu, Spain. EM ignacio.blanco@sespa.princast.es NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDICIONES DOYMA S/L PI BARCELONA PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0025-7753 J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA JI Med. Clin. PD DEC 4 PY 2004 VL 123 IS 20 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1157/13069808 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 891UB UT WOS:000226605400001 PM 15607066 ER PT J AU Morgan, DL Su, YF Dill, JA Turnier, JC Westerberg, RB Smith, CS AF Morgan, DL Su, YF Dill, JA Turnier, JC Westerberg, RB Smith, CS TI Chemical and physical characteristics of cellulose insulation particulates, and evaluation of potential acute pulmonary toxicity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cellulose insulation; chemical composition; particulates; fibers; instillation; rats; respiratory toxicity ID BORIC-ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RATS; WORKERS; BORON; DUST; MICE AB Background During installation of cellulose insulation (CI) in new and older houses, significant quantities of airborne material are generated. This study characterized the chemical and physical properties, and potential acute pulmonary toxicity of CI. Methods CI from four manufacturers was analyzed for inorganic additives and trace element impurities. Aerosols were generated and size fractionated. The number and size of fibrous and nonfibrous particles in the respirable fractions were determined. Respirable CI particulates were intratracheally instilled in rats (5 mg/kg) to evaluate potential pulmonary toxicity. Results CI samples were similar in composition with small differences due primarily to fire retardants. Less than 0.1% of CI was respirable and contained few fibers. Acute exposure to CI caused transient inflammation in the lungs and increased 4-hydroxyproline. Microscopic evaluation revealed a minimal to mild, non-progressing granulomatous pneumonitis. Conclusions Low concentrations of respirable particles were found in CI aerosols. Particles consisted primarily of fire retardants with few fibers, and caused mild pulmonary toxicity in rats. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Morgan, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgand@niehs.nih.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 554 EP 569 DI 10.1002/ajim.20101 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 876XS UT WOS:000225532700002 PM 15551371 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Fayer, R Trout, JM Ryan, UA Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Fayer, R Trout, JM Ryan, UA Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH TI Genotypes of Cryptosporidium species infecting fur-bearing mammals differ from those of species infecting humans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; WILDLIFE RODENTS; HUMAN FECES; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RESERVOIR; OOCYSTS; PARVUM; GIARDIA AB Of 471 specimens examined from foxes, raccoons, muskrats, otters, and beavers living in wetlands adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay, 36 were positive for five types of Cryptosporidium, including the C. canis dog and fox genotypes, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotypes I and II, and Cryptosporidium skunk genotype. Thus, fur-bearing mammals in watersheds excreted host-adapted Cryptosporidium oocysts that are not known to be of significant public health importance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 22 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7574 EP 7577 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7574-7577.2004 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300080 PM 15574965 ER PT J AU Peterson, SA Van Sickle, J Hughes, RM Schacher, JA Echols, SF AF Peterson, SA Van Sickle, J Hughes, RM Schacher, JA Echols, SF TI A biopsy procedure for determining filet and predicting whole-fish mercury concentration SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE; CONTAMINATION; SELENIUM; MUSCLE; LEAD AB Although mercury contamination of fish is a widespread phenomenon, its regional evaluation is hindered by the reluctance of permitting agencies to grant collection permits, problems in securing adequate freezer space, and time to process whole, large fish or filets. We evaluated mercury concentrations in 210 filet biopsies from 65 sites in 12 western states relative to whole-body mercury concentration in the same fish. We found a highly significant relationship (r(2) = 0.96) between biopsy and whole-fish mercury concentrations for 13 piscivorous and nonpiscivorous fish species. We concluded that relative to conventional fish-tissue sampling and analysis procedures for whole fish or filets, the biopsy procedure for mercury in fish tissue is nonlethal, less cumbersome, more likely to be permitted by fisheries agencies, and a precise and accurate means for determining both filet and whole-fish mercury concentrations. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM peterson.spencer@epa.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0260-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 884OM UT WOS:000226094900013 ER PT J AU Gonsoulin, ME Wilson, BH Wilson, JT AF Gonsoulin, ME Wilson, BH Wilson, JT TI Biodegradation of PCE and TCE in landfill leachate predicted from concentrations of molecular hydrogen: a case study SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVELY DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ELECTRON-DONOR; MICROBIAL MINERALIZATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; CHLORINATED ETHENES; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; SULFATE REDUCTION; MIXED CULTURE AB The Refuse Hideaway Landfill (23-acre) received municipal, commercial, and industrial waste between 1974 and 1988. It was designed as a "natural attenuation" landfill and no provision was made to collect and treat contaminated water. Natural biological degradation through sequential reductive dechlorination had been an important mechanism for natural attenuation at the site. We used the concentration of hydrogen to forecast whether reductive dechlorination would continue over time at particular locations in the plume. Based on published literature, reductive dechlorination and natural attenuation of PCE, TCE, and cis-DCE can be expected in the aquifer if the concentration of molecular hydrogen in monitoring wells are adequate (>1 nanomolar). Reductive dechlorination can be expected to continue as the ground water moves down gradient. Natural attenuation through reductive dechlorination is not expected in flow paths that originate at down gradient monitoring wells with low concentrations of molecular hydrogen (<1 nanomolar). In three monitoring wells at the margin of the landfill and in five monitoring wells down gradient of the landfill, ground water maintained a molecular hydrogen concentration, ranging from 1.30 to 9.17 nanomolar, that is adequate for reductive dechlorination. In three of the monitoring wells far down gradient of the landfill, the concentration of molecular hydrogen (0.33 to 0.83 nanomolar) was not adequate to support reductive dechlorination. In wells with adequate concentrations of hydrogen, the concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds were attenuated over time, or concentrations of chlorinated volatile organics were below the detection limit. In wells with inadequate concentrations of hydrogen, the concentrations of chlorinated organic compounds attenuated at a slower rate over time. In wells with adequate hydrogen the first order rate of attenuation of PCE, TCE, cis-DCE and total chlorinated volatile organic compounds varies from 0.38 to 0.18 per year. In wells without adequate hydrogen the rate varies from 0.015 to 0.006 per year. C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Dynamac Inc, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Gonsoulin, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 475 EP 485 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 871BE UT WOS:000225103500012 PM 15563003 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Parks-Saldutti, LG Ostby, JS Lambright, C Furr, J Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, AK Parks-Saldutti, LG Ostby, JS Lambright, C Furr, J Vandenbergh, JG Gray, LE TI A mixture of the "antiandrogens" linuron and butyl benzyl phthalate alters sexual differentiation of the male rat in a cumulative fashion SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE androgen receptor; male reproductive tract; male sexual function; testosterone; toxicology ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; IN-VITRO; MALFORMATIONS; TESTOSTERONE; ANDROGEN AB Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals that interfere with the androgen signaling pathway can cause permanent adverse effects on reproductive development in male rats. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether a documented antiandrogen butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and/or linuron (an androgen receptor antagonist) would decrease fetal testosterone (T) production, 2) describe reproductive developmental effects of linuron and BBP in the male, 3) examine the potential cumulative effects of linuron and BBP, and 4) investigate whether treatment-induced changes to neonatal anogenital distance (AGD) and juvenile areola number were predictive of adult reproductive alterations. Pregnant rats were treated with either corn oil, 75 mg/kg/day of linuron, 500 mg/kg/day of BBP, or a combination of 75 mg/kg/day linuron and 500 mg/kg/day BBP from gestational Day 14 to 18. A cohort of fetuses was removed to assess male testicular T and progesterone production, testicular T concentrations, and whole-body T concentrations. Male offspring from the remaining litters were assessed for AGD and number of areolae and then examined for alterations as young adults. Prenatal exposure to either linuron or BBP or BBP + linuron decreased T production and caused alterations to androgen-organized tissues in a dose-additive manner. Furthermore, treatment-related changes to neonatal AGD and infant areolae significantly correlated with adult AGD, nipple retention, reproductive malformations, and reproductive organ and tissue weights. In general, consideration of the dose-response curves for the antiandrogenic effects suggests that these responses were dose additive rather than synergistic responses. Taken together, these data provide additional evidence of cumulative effects of antiandrogen mixtures on male reproductive development. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, RTP,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, RTP,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM louise_saldutti@merck.com; gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov NR 29 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1852 EP 1861 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.104.031674 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 873WD UT WOS:000225311300013 PM 15286035 ER PT J AU Julien, E Willhite, CC Richard, AM DeSesso, JM AF Julien, E Willhite, CC Richard, AM DeSesso, JM TI Challenges in constructing statistically based structure-activity relationship models for developmental toxicity SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAZARD IDENTIFICATION; CHEMICALS; DETERMINANTS; PREDICTION; RISK; TERATOGENICITY; HAMSTERS; PROGRAM; TESTS AB Regulatory agencies are increasingly called upon to review large numbers of environmental contaminants that have not been characterized for their potential to pose a health risk. Additionally, there is special interest in protecting potentially sensitive subpopulations and identifying developmental toxicants that may be present in the environment. Thus, there is an urgent need for efficient methods to screen large numbers of chemicals for their potential to pose a developmental hazard. One potential screening method involves the use of statistically based structure-activity relationship (SAR) tools to predict activity of untested chemicals. Such systems rely on statistical analyses to discern relationships between structure and activity for a training set of substances. Predictions can then be made for an untested substance as long as its structural features are encompassed by chemicals of the training set. In theory, such systems could assist regulatory agencies in their screening efforts; however, to date, there has been little independent evaluation of these tools for this use. To contribute to such an evaluation, the International Life Sciences Institute Risk Science Institute (ILSI RSI) convened a Working Group to examine methodology used to construct statistically based SAR systems for developmental toxicity.. This document reports on the deliberations of the Working Group, which concluded that an improved process is needed for utilizing developmental toxicity data in the construction of statistically based SAR models. The process must be objective, reproducible, rational and transparent. Moreover, it must be informed by the expertise of developmental toxicologists and biologists and must be subject to peer review. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 RSI, ILSI, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Calif Dept Tox Subst, Berkeley, CA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Julien, E (reprint author), RSI, ILSI, 9th Floor,1 Thomas Circle NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM bjulien@ilsi.org NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 902 EP 911 DI 10.1002/bdra.20087 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 884RF UT WOS:000226102900002 PM 15558547 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Diwekar, UM Tomazi, KG AF Kim, KJ Diwekar, UM Tomazi, KG TI Entrainer selection and solvent recycling in complex batch distillation SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE entrainer selection; solvent recycling; batch distillation; extractive distillation ID OPTIMAL-DESIGN; FEASIBILITY; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS; COLUMN AB This article presents a simultaneous integration of entrainer selection and solvent recycling for the batch distillation synthesis problem for the first time. The industrial case study used here is to separate acetonitrile from an aqueous acetonitrile waste mixture, a challenging problem because of the thermodynamic complexity of the mixture. Two batch distillation campaigns have been designed using coupled heuristics and optimization approaches and investigated with complex batch column configurations. The first campaign for fast removal of highly pure water identified batch stripper and middle vessel column as the optimal column configurations. In the second campaign, effective entrainer molecules were generated by a computer-aided molecular design approach, and the proposed entrainer was continuously charged at a specified fraction into the middle vessel column to obtain pure acetonitrile and water. Two candidate entrainers, propyl amine, having high relative volatility, and acetone, having low relative volatility, were proposed and compared. A multiobjective optimization programming framework and trade-off are also presented for further complete analysis. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. US EPA, Syst Anal Branch, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci & Policy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Diwekar, UM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, 810 S Clinton St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM urmila@uic.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 12 BP 1606 EP 1633 DI 10.1080/00986440490472724 PG 28 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 852NU UT WOS:000223763400005 ER PT J AU Cardona, CA Marulanda, VF Young, D AF Cardona, CA Marulanda, VF Young, D TI Analysis of the environmental impact of butylacetate process through the WAR algorithm SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reaction engineering; environment; product design; pollution control; WAR ID REACTIVE DISTILLATION; BUTYL ACETATE AB The WAR algorithm, a methodology for determining the potential environmental impact (PEI) of a chemical process, is applied to the case study of n-butyl acetate production. Two different schemes are considered: the conventional process, in which the reaction and separation are carried out in separated devices, and the reactive distillation process in which the reaction and separation are carried out in a packed column simultaneously. The WAR algorithm allows determining which process is better from the point of view of generation of PEI into the process, based on the output wastes and energetic consumption. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Colombia, Caldas, Colombia. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cardona, CA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Cra 27 64-60 F-505, Caldas, Colombia. EM ccardona@nevado.manizales.unal.edu.co OI cardona alzate, carlos ariel/0000-0002-0237-2313 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 EI 1873-4405 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 24 BP 5839 EP 5845 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2004.06.043 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 884IV UT WOS:000226079100013 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Peng, M Vane, L AF Liu, SX Peng, M Vane, L TI CFD modeling of pervaporative mass transfer in the boundary layer SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; mass transfer; numerical analysis; CFD; diffusion; simulation ID FLOW; CHANNELS AB Modeling mass transfer in the liquid boundary layer accounting for concentration polarization in pervaporation (PV) is particularly challenging since there is no practical way of experimentally determining solute concentration at the membrane surface. We have developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to describe not only velocity distribution but also concentration profile in the liquid boundary layer of a slit membrane channel. The satisfactoriness of the numerical methodology used in CFD for obtaining concentration profiles were verified using a classic diffusion problem with its known analytical solution. The overall mass transfer coefficients from the numerical study were also compared with those from the experiment. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US EPA, Div Sustainable Technol, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM liu@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 13 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 24 BP 5853 EP 5857 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 884IV UT WOS:000226079100015 ER PT J AU El-Bayoumy, K Sharma, AK Lin, JM Krzeminski, J Boyiri, T King, LC Lambert, G Padgett, W Nesnow, S Amin, S AF El-Bayoumy, K Sharma, AK Lin, JM Krzeminski, J Boyiri, T King, LC Lambert, G Padgett, W Nesnow, S Amin, S TI Identification of 5-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-aminochrysene as the major DNA lesion in the mammary gland of rats treated with the environmental pollutant 6-nitrochrysene SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS; FEMALE CD RATS; ADDUCT FORMATION; BOND FORMATION; DEOXYGUANOSINE; METABOLISM; TISSUE; CELLS; MUTATIONS; INDUCTION AB The environmental pollutant 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) is a potent carcinogen in several animal models including the rat mammary gland. 6-NC can be activated to intermediates that can damage DNA by simple nitroreduction, ring oxidation, or a combination of ring oxidation and nitroreduction. Only the first pathway (nitroreduction) has been clearly established, and DNA adducts derived from this pathway have been fully characterized in in vitro systems. We also showed previously that the second pathway, ring oxidation leading to the formation of the bay region diol epoxide of 6-NC, is not responsible for the formation of the major DNA adduct in the mammary gland of rats treated with 6-NC. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the validity of the third pathway that involves the combination of both ring oxidation and nitroreduction of 6-NC to form trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-hydroxylaminochrysene (1,2-DHD-6-NHOH-C). During the course of this study, we synthesized for the first time 1,2-DHD6-NHOH-C, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-6-aminochrysene, and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-aminochrysene. Incubation of 1,2-DHD-6-NHOH-C with calf thymus DNA resulted in the formation of three adducts. Upon LC/MS combined with H-1 NMR analyses, the first eluting adduct was identified as 5-(deoxyguanosin-N-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-aminochrysene [5-(dG-N-2-yl)-1,2-DHD-6-AC], the second eluting adduct was identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-aminochrysene, and the last was identified as N-(deoxyinosin-8-yl)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-aminochrysene. We also report here for the first time that among those adducts identified in vitro, only 5-(dG-N-2-yl)-1,2-DHD-6-AC is the major DNA lesion detected in the mammary glands of rats treated with 6-NC. C1 Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP El-Bayoumy, K (reprint author), Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM kee2@psu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [5R01 CA-35519-20, P30 CA-17613-29, N02-CB-37025-48] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1591 EP 1599 DI 10.1021/tx049849+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600006 PM 15606134 ER PT J AU Waters, SB Devesa, V Fricke, MW Creed, JT Styblo, M Thomas, DJ AF Waters, SB Devesa, V Fricke, MW Creed, JT Styblo, M Thomas, DJ TI Glutathione modulates recombinant rat arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase-catalyzed formation of trimethylarsine oxide and trimethylarsine SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; MONOMETHYLARSONIC ACID; LIVER CYTOSOL; IN-VITRO; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; URINARY-EXCRETION; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; RABBIT LIVER; METABOLISM AB Humans and other species enzymatically convert inorganic arsenic (iAs) into methylated metabolites. Although the major metabolites are mono- and dimethylated arsenicals, trimethylated arsenicals have been detected in urine following exposure to iAs. The AS3MT gene encodes an arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase, which catalyzes both the oxidative methylation of trivalent arsenicals and the reduction of pentavalent arsenicals. In reaction mixtures containing recombinant rat AS3MT (rrAS3MT) and radiolabeled arsenite, mono- and dimethylated arsenicals and a third radiolabeled product can be resolved by thin-layer chromatography. Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry identified the third reaction product as trimethylarsine oxide. The addition of glutathione to reaction mixtures containing radiolabeled arsenite and rrAS3MT increased the yield of methylated and dimethylated arsenicals but suppressed the formation of trimethylarsine oxide. Although a dimethylarsenic-glutathione complex was rapidly converted to trimethylarsine oxide, the addition of a molar excess of glutathione to dimethyl-arsenic suppressed the production of trimethylarsine oxide. The nonquantitative recovery of radioarsenic from reaction mixtures suggested that AS3MT catalyzed the formation of a volatile arsenical. This volatile species was identified as trimethylarsine. Thus, AS3MT catalyzes the formation of all products in a reaction sequence leading from an inorganic to a volatile methylated arsenical. The regulation of this pathway by intracellular glutathione may be an important determinant of the pattern and extent of formation of arsenicals. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch,Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Dept Pediat,Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch,Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009; Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES010845] NR 45 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1621 EP 1629 DI 10.1021/tx0497853 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600010 PM 15606138 ER PT J AU Clark, J Ortego, LS Fairbrother, A AF Clark, J Ortego, LS Fairbrother, A TI Sources of variability in plant toxicity testing SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE plant sensitivity; herbicide effects; endpoint sensitivity; phytotoxicity ID GROWTH; NICKEL; CHLORSULFURON; REPRODUCTION; SENSITIVITY; HERBICIDES AB Published literature is investigated regarding the response of plants to various substances to determine the sensitivity of agricultural plants versus other species, the similarity of effects seen at different taxonomic levels, sensitivity of plants growing outdoors versus in a greenhouse, and the sensitivity of different measurement endpoints. We find that agricultural species are not consistently more or less sensitive to the herbicides tested than non-crop species. Genus and family taxonomic groupings may show similar responses among species, but this similarity quickly decreases as the comparison progress between orders and classes. Results from field and greenhouse studies are less in agreement between studies than data from the other topics. Shoot length will be affected at concentrations lower than for other vegetative endpoints for most species tested for inorganic substances, but for organic substances root and shoot mass were more sensitive. Overall, there is no one species or endpoint that is consistently the most sensitive for all species or all chemicals in all soils, and differences in bioavailability among compounds may confound comparison of test results. Therefore. species sensitivity distributions, adjusted for bioavailability when possible, should be considered in order to better evaluate effects to non-target terrestrial plants. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Parametrix, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Nickel Producers Environm Res Assoc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Fairbrother, A (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM fairbrother.anne@epa.gov NR 29 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2004 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1599 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.044 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 870JM UT WOS:000225053400003 PM 15519405 ER PT J AU Sansone, SA Morrison, N Rocca-Serra, P Fostel, J AF Sansone, SA Morrison, N Rocca-Serra, P Fostel, J TI Standardization initiatives in the (eco)toxicogenomics domain: a review SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Standards and Ontologies for Functional Genomics (SOFG) CY OCT 23-26, 2004 CL Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA HO Univ Penn DE toxicogenomics; ecotoxicogenomics; toxicology; environment; functional genomics; standards; database ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS; MICROARRAY DATA; TOXICOGENOMICS; INFORMATION; REPOSITORY; DATABASE AB The purpose of this document is to provide readers with a resource of different ongoing standardization efforts within the 'omics' (genomic, proteomics, metabolomics) and related communities, with particular focus on toxicological and environmental applications. The review includes initiatives within the research community as well as in the regulatory arena. It addresses data management issues (format and reporting structures for the exchange of information) and database interoperability, highlighting key objectives, target audience and participants. A considerable amount of work still needs to be done and, ideally, collaboration should be optimized and duplication and incompatibility should be avoided where possible. The consequence of failing to deliver data standards is an escalation in the burden and cost of data management tasks. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley T Sons, Ltd. C1 EBI, EMBL, Cambridge GB10 1SD, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sansone, SA (reprint author), EBI, EMBL, Wellcome Trust Campus, Cambridge GB10 1SD, England. EM sansone@ebi.ac.uk OI Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 5 IS 8 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1002/cfg.447 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 908FE UT WOS:000227772000005 PM 18629184 ER PT J AU Mayer, PM Megard, RO Galatowitsch, SM AF Mayer, PM Megard, RO Galatowitsch, SM TI Plankton respiration and biomass as functional indicators of recovery in restored prairie wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE BOD; biomass; community respiration; ecological indicator; recovery; restored wetland ID ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; COMMUNITIES; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; INTEGRITY; HYPOTHESES; REDUNDANCY; RESPONSES; TESTS AB Reliable ecological indicators of wetland integrity are necessary for assessing recovery of restored wetlands; yet, little consensus currently exists on which indicators are most appropriate. We employed indicators derived from simple, standard measures of ecosystem function selected on the basis of ecological succession theory developed by [Science 164 (1969) 262; Bioscience 35 (1985) 419], which suggests that respiration: biomass ratios should increase in disturbed systems due to the diversion of energy from growth to maintenance. This hypothesis holds potential for the development of a simple ecological indicator and therefore was tested among prairie wetlands restored after drainage disturbance. No difference was observed in respiration: biomass ratios in restored wetlands and reference wetlands designated as controls. Plankton respiration or biomass may be poor indicators of disturbance because plankton responds quickly to re-establishment of a wetland hydrology regime and/or because different plankton species may have redundant function. We suggest employing more revealing assessment techniques that employ simultaneous examination of ecosystem structure and function to better characterize subtle or lingering effects of wetland disturbance after restoration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mayer, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov; galat0001@tc.umn.edu NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.03.005 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873UD UT WOS:000225305700002 ER PT J AU Lydy, M Belden, J Wheelock, C Hammock, B Denton, D AF Lydy, M Belden, J Wheelock, C Hammock, B Denton, D TI Challenges in regulating pesticide mixtures SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JOINT ACUTE TOXICITY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE TOXICITY; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; ACTING CHEMICALS; RISK ASSESSMENT; AMBIENT WATERS; ALGAL TOXICITY AB This paper introduces the field of mixture toxicity and the challenges in regulating pesticide mixtures. Even though pesticides are unique chemical stressors designed to have biological activity that can affect a number of nontarget species, they are intentionally placed into the environment in large quantities. Currently, methods and terminology for evaluating mixture toxicity are poorly established. The most common approach used is the assumption of additive concentration, with the concentrations adjusted for potency to a reference toxicant. Using this approach, the joint action of pesticides that have similar chemical structures and modes of toxic action can be predicted. However, this approach and other modeling techniques often provide little insight into the observed toxicity produced by mixtures of pesticides from different classes. Particularly difficult to model are mixtures that involve a secondary toxicant that changes the toxicokinetics of a primary toxicant. This may result in increased activation or a change in the persistence of the primary toxicant within the organism and may be responsible for a several-fold increase or decrease in toxicity. At present, the ecological effects caused by mixtures of pesticides are given little consideration in the regulatory process. However, mixtures are being considered in relation to human health in the pesticide registration process, setting a precedent that could be followed for ecological protection. Additionally, pesticide mixtures may be regulated through toxicity testing of surface water under the Clean Water Act. The limits of our basic knowledge of how mixtures interact are compromising both these avenues for regulating mixtures. We face many challenges to adequately protecting the environment from mixture toxicity; these challenges include understanding the interactions of toxicants within an organism, identifying the mixtures that most commonly occur and cause adverse effects, and developing a regulatory structure capable of minimizing environmental impacts. C1 So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lydy, M (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RI Belden, Jason/H-1764-2014 OI Belden, Jason/0000-0002-0432-7700 NR 73 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 AR 1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912OH UT WOS:000228088200001 ER PT J AU Riitters, K Wickham, J Coulston, J AF Riitters, K Wickham, J Coulston, J TI Use of road maps in national assessments of forest fragmentation in the United States SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; ANCILLARY DATA; SATELLITE DATA; MESSAGE CLEAR; ECOLOGY; SCALE; AMAZON AB The question of incorporating road maps into U.S. national assessments of forest fragmentation has been a contentious issue, but there has not been a comparative national analysis to inform the debate. Using data and indices from previous national assessments, we compared fragmentation as calculated from high-resolution land-cover maps alone (Method 1) and after superimposing detailed road maps (Method 2). There was more overall fragmentation with Method 2. However, because roads were often adjacent to other nonforest land cover, Method 1 typically detected > 80% of the forest edge and > 88% of the fragmentation of core, i.e., intact, forest that was detected by Method 2. Indices based on individual patch size changed much more for Method 2; for example, area-weighted average patch size was typically 50-90% smaller. The relative geographic distribution of core forest was the same for both methods. Our results emphasize that the question of incorporating road maps must consider the purpose of the assessment, the characteristics of the data, and the relative sensitivities of indices to different patterns of fragmentation. As a practical matter, unless road-caused fragmentation is of special interest, land-cover maps alone may provide an adequate representation of the geography of forest fragmentation. C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Riitters, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 AR 13 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912FE UT WOS:000228062200007 ER PT J AU Gee, GC Payne-Sturges, DC AF Gee, GC Payne-Sturges, DC TI Environmental health disparities: A framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE environmental; environmental justice; ethnicity; framework; health disparities; psychosocial; race; review; stress ID BLACK-AND-WHITE; COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NEW-YORK-CITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; AIR-POLLUTION AB Although it is often acknowledged that social and environmental factors interact to produce racial and ethnic environmental health disparities, it is still unclear how this occurs. Despite continued controversy, the environmental justice movement has provided some insight by suggesting that disadvantaged communities face greater likelihood of exposure to ambient hazards. The exposure-disease paradigm has long suggested that differential "vulnerability" may modify the effects of toxicants on biological systems. However, relatively little work has been done to specify whether racial and ethnic minorities may have greater vulnerability than do majority populations and, further, what these vulnerabilities may be. We suggest that psychosocial stress may be the vulnerability factor that links social conditions with environmental hazards. Psychosocial stress can lead to acute and chronic changes in the functioning of body systems (e.g., immune) and also lead directly to illness. In this article we present a multidisciplinary framework integrating these ideas. We also argue that residential segregation leads to differential experiences of community stress, exposure to pollutants, and access to community resources. When not counterbalanced by resources, stressors may lead to heightened vulnerability to environmental hazards. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gee, GC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, 1420 Washington Heights,Room M5224, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gilgee@umich.edu NR 214 TC 238 Z9 241 U1 9 U2 56 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP 1645 EP 1653 DI 10.1289/ehp.7074 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300038 PM 15579407 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Akland, GG Pellizzari, ED Berry, MR Melnyk, LJ AF Hu, Y Akland, GG Pellizzari, ED Berry, MR Melnyk, LJ TI Use of pharmacokinetic modeling to design studies for pathway-specific exposure model evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dietary intake; exposure; pesticide; pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling; study design ID CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; DIETARY EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; HAND; VALIDATION; BIOMARKER; DIAZINON; PRESS; LEAD; EL AB Validating an exposure pathway model is difficult because the biomarker, which is often used to evaluate the model prediction, is an integrated measure for exposures from all the exposure routes and pathways. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a method to use pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and computer simulation to guide the design of field studies to validate pathway models. The children's dietary intake model is discussed in detail as an example. Three important aspects are identified for a successful design to evaluate the children's dietary intake model: a) longitudinally designed study with significant changes in the exposure for the route/pathway of interest, b) short biologic half-life of the selected chemical, and c) surface loading of the selected chemical at sufficient levels. Using PK modeling to guide a study design allowed a path-specific exposure model to be evaluated using urinary metabolite biomarkers. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM yhu@rti.org NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP 1697 EP 1703 DI 10.1289/ehp.6367 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300047 PM 15579416 ER PT J AU McCurdy, LE Roberts, J Rogers, B Love, R Etzel, R Paulson, J Witherspoon, NO Dearry, A AF McCurdy, LE Roberts, J Rogers, B Love, R Etzel, R Paulson, J Witherspoon, NO Dearry, A TI Incorporating environmental health into pediatric medical and nursing education SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE education; environmental health; medical student; nursing; nursing student; pediatrics; resident ID CURRICULA; RESIDENTS; STUDENTS; ASTHMA AB Pediatric medical and nursing education currently lacks the environmental health content necessary to appropriately prepare pediatric health care professionals to prevent, recognize, manage, and treat environmental-exposure-related disease. Leading health institutions have recognized the need for improvements in health professionals' environmental health education. Parents are seeking answers about the impact of environmental toxicants on their children. Given the biologic, psychological, and social differences between children and adults, there is a need for environmental health education specific to children. The National Environmental Education and Training Foundation, in partnership with the Children's Environmental Health Network, created two working groups, one with expertise in medical education and one with expertise in nursing education. The working groups reviewed the transition from undergraduate student to professional to assess where in those processes pediatric environmental health could be emphasized. The medical education working group recommended increasing education about children's environmental health in the medical school curricula, in residency training, and in continuing medical education. The group also recommended the expansion of fellowship training in children's environmental health. Similarly, the nursing working group recommended increasing children's environmental health content at the undergraduate, graduate, and continuing nursing education levels. Working groups also identified the key medical and nursing organizations that would be important in leveraging these changes. A concerted effort to prioritize pediatric environmental health by governmental organizations and foundations is essential in providing the resources and expertise to set policy and provide the tools for teaching pediatric environmental health to health care providers. C1 Natl Environm Educ & Training Fdn, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. Childrens Environm Hlth Network, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP McCurdy, LE (reprint author), Natl Environm Educ & Training Fdn, 1707 H St NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM mccurdy@neetf.org NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 112 IS 17 BP 1755 EP 1760 DI 10.1289/ehp.7166 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 880ID UT WOS:000225781300054 PM 15579423 ER PT J AU Curran, MA AF Curran, MA TI The status of life-cycle assessment as an environmental management tool SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB As environmental awareness increases, industries and businesses have responded by providing 'greener" products and using ''greener" processes. Many companies have found it advantageous to explore ways of moving beyond compliance, using pollution prevention strategies and environmental management systems, to improve their environmental performance. One such way is life-cycle assessment (LCA). This concept considers the entire life cycle of a product, process, or an activity. Evaluating environmental impacts holistically from raw material acquisition, through manufacture, use, and disposal using a life-cycle perspective is gradually being viewed by environmental managers and decision makers as an important element in achieving environmental sustainability. The use of a holistic, life cycle approach can help industry and government avoid the unintended trading of one environmental problem for another. this paper addresses ongoing research in LCA methodology in the US EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Two key areas of this research include life-cycle inventory (LCI) data availability and life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) modeling. To address the issue of data availability, EPA developed a website entitled LCAccess. Although LCAccess does not itself contain data, it is a searchable global directory to potential data sources. LCAccess also serves as a central source for LCA information. In addition, EPA developed TRACI (the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts), which allows the characterization of ozone depletion, global warming, acidification, eutrophication, tropospheric ozone (smog) formation, ecotoxicity, buman Particulate effects, human health, fossil fuel depletion, and land use effects. TRACI can be used with life-cycle inventory to further analyze and understand the data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Curran, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, MS-466, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM curran.maryann@epa.gov OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1002/ep.10046 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886KV UT WOS:000226227100004 ER PT J AU Bradbury, SP Feijtel, TCJ Van Leeuwen, CJ AF Bradbury, SP Feijtel, TCJ Van Leeuwen, CJ TI Meeting the scientific needs of ecological risk assessment in a regulatory context SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXISTING CHEMICALS; GREAT-ER; SUBSTANCES; HAZARD C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Brussels, Belgium. RP Bradbury, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bradbury.steven@epa.gov RI van Leeuwen, Cornelis/S-5815-2016 OI van Leeuwen, Cornelis/0000-0003-1605-4268 NR 52 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 463A EP 470A DI 10.1021/es040675s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900010 PM 15597869 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Echols, KR Tillitt, DE Secord, AL McCarty, JP AF Nichols, JW Echols, KR Tillitt, DE Secord, AL McCarty, JP TI Bioenergetics-based modeling of individual PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows from two contaminated sites on the Upper Hudson River, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAYFLY HEXAGENIA-LIMBATA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; EMERGING INSECTS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION; ABSORPTION; ENERGETICS; USA AB A bioenergetics-based model was used to simulate the accumulation of total PCBs and 20 PCB congeners by nestling tree swallows at two contaminated sites on the Upper Hudson River, New York. PCB concentrations in birds were calculated as the sum of inherited residues and those acquired through consumption of contaminated insects. Close agreement between simulations and measured residues in 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old nestlings was obtained when PCB concentrations in the diet were set equal to those in food boli taken from adult birds. These simulations were further optimized by fitting the value of a dietary assimilation efficiency constant. Fitted constants for both sites were similar and averaged about 0.7. An evaluation of model performance for individual congeners provided no evidence of metabolic biotransformation. The results of this study are consistent with a companion effort in which principal components analysis was used to compare PCB congener patterns in insects and in tree swallow eggs, nestlings, and adults. Together, these studies establish a quantitative linkage between nestling tree swallows and the insects that they consume and provide strong support for the use of nestling swallows as a biomonitoring species for exposure assessment. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Biol Sci, Ecol & Systemat Sect, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov RI McCarty, John/E-9797-2011 OI McCarty, John/0000-0002-6278-5451 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6234 EP 6239 DI 10.1021/es0497734 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900017 PM 15597876 ER PT J AU Echols, KR Tillitt, DE Nichols, JW Secord, AL McCarty, JP AF Echols, KR Tillitt, DE Nichols, JW Secord, AL McCarty, JP TI Accumulation of PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on the Hudson River, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; EATING SEA BIRDS; IRISH COASTAL WATERS; MOLECULAR-FEATURES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GREEN BAY; FOX RIVER; FISH; USA; CONTAMINATION AB Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were used as a sentinel species to monitor the contamination and bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Hudson River watershed. Several tree swallow nest box colonies around and downstream from Hudson Falls, NY were studied. Tree swallow eggs, adults, and 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old nestlings were collected and analyzed for 103 PCB congeners. Emergent insects collected by net (primarily Odonata) or as a food bolus (primarily Diptera) taken from the mouths of adult tree swallows returning to the nest were analyzed in the same manner. Total PCB concentrations (wet weight) in eggs from two contaminated sites ranged from 9000 to 25 000 ng/g and accumulated to 32 000 and 96 000 ng/g in 15-day-old nestling at two contaminated sites. The congener patterns of PCBs in eggs, nestlings, and adults were compared to those found in emergent insects (Odonata and Diptera) using principal components analysis. The PCB patterns of the biota differed from that of Aroclor technical mixtures. PCB patterns in adult tree swallows were similar to those in eggs, while the patterns in dietary insects were similar to nestling tree swallows. Uptake rate constants were determined for tree swallow nestlings and compared between the two contaminated sites. The estimated PCB congener uptake rate constants were 0.008-0.02 d(-1) based on uptake in nestlings until day 15 post-hatch. The rate constants were comparable between the two study areas and may be used to predict nestling contamination at other locations. Our studies confirm the utility of nestling tree swallows to evaluate localized PCB contamination. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, MED Duluth, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Biol Sci, Ecol & Systemat Sect, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov RI McCarty, John/E-9797-2011 OI McCarty, John/0000-0002-6278-5451 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6240 EP 6246 DI 10.1021/es049785p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900018 PM 15597877 ER PT J AU Heinis, LJ Highland, TL Mount, DR AF Heinis, LJ Highland, TL Mount, DR TI Method for testing the aquatic toxicity of sediment extracts for use in identifying organic toxicants in sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PORE-WATER; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMICALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; HARBOR; CONTAMINANTS AB Biologically directed fractionation techniques are a fundamental tool for identifying the cause of toxicity in environmental samples, but few are available for studying mixtures of organic chemicals in aquatic sediments. This paper describes a method for extracting organic chemicals from sediments and then re-introducing them into water column toxicity tests in a way that mimics, at least in part, the partitioning processes that govern bioavailability in sediment. This involves transferring solvent extracts of sediment into triolein and then placing the mixture inside low-density polyethylene dialysis tubing in a configuration similar to semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) used for environmental monitoring. For four model compounds SPMDs were shown to effectively maintain water column exposure in static systems for 10-14 d, with partition coefficients similar to K-OW. Toxicity tests indicated that the SPMDs were compatible with four of five freshwater organisms tested and could be used to measure both lethal and sublethal end points. An example application showed good correspondence between organism responses in intact sediment and extracts in SPMDs for both field-collected and spiked sediments. The SPMD-based method offers a simple, flexible test design, amenable to several different test organisms, and the ability to work with complex mixtures of contaminants while maintaining partitioning behavior similar to that within intact sediments. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Mount, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mount.dave@epa.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6256 EP 6262 DI 10.1021/es049661c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900020 PM 15597879 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Cardon, MC Thornton, J Korte, JJ Ankley, GT Welch, J Gray, LE Hartig, PC AF Wilson, VS Cardon, MC Thornton, J Korte, JJ Ankley, GT Welch, J Gray, LE Hartig, PC TI Cloning and in vitro expression and characterization of the androgen receptor and isolation of estrogen receptor alpha from the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; FUNGICIDE VINCLOZOLIN; ANTIBODY PROBES; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; CDNA; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE AB In vitro screening assays designed to identify hormone mimics or antagonists typically use mammalian (rat, human) estrogen (ER) and androgen receptors (AR). Although we know that the amino acid sequences of steroid receptors in nonmammalian vertebrates are not identical to the mammalian receptors, a great deal of uncertainty exists as to whether these differences affect interactions of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) with the receptors. This leads to substantial uncertainty with respect to the utility of mammalian-based screening assays to predict possible effects of EDCs in nonmammalian wildlife. This paper describes preparation of a cDNA library from a small fish model commonly used in ecological risk assessments, the fathead minnow (Pimphales promelas). The cDNA library was subsequently used to isolate and sequence both AIR and Malpha. In addition, the fathead minnow (fh)AR was expressed and characterized with respect to function using saturation and competitive binding assays in COS monkey kidney cells. Saturation experiments along with subsequent Scatchard analysis determined that the K-d of the fhAR for the potent synthetic androgen R1881 was 1.8 nM, which is comparable to that for the human AIR in the same assay system. In COS whole cell competitive binding assays, potent androgens such as dihydrotestosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were also shown to be high affinity ligands for the fhAR. We also report affinity of the receptor for a number of environmental contaminants including the AR agonists androstenedione and 17alpha-and 17beta-trenbolone;AR antagonists such as p,p'-DDE, linuron, and vinclozolin; and the ER agonist 17beta-estradiol. Future plans include comparison of binding affinities of the fhAR to those of the human AR, also expressed in COS cells, using a range of EDCs. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6314 EP 6321 DI 10.1021/es049771j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900028 PM 15597887 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Defoe, DL Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Miracle, A Hartig, P Gray, LE Cardon, M Wilson, V AF Ankley, GT Defoe, DL Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Miracle, A Hartig, P Gray, LE Cardon, M Wilson, V TI Evaluation of the model anti-androgen flutamide for assessing the mechanistic basis of responses to an androgen in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; RAINBOW-TROUT; REAL-TIME; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; MALE-RAT; EXPOSURE AB In this study, we characterized the effects of flutamide, a model mammalian androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, on endocrine function in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), a small fish species that is widely used for testing endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Binding assays with whole cells transiently transfected with cloned fathead minnow AR indicated that flutamide binds competitively to the receptor. However, as is true in mammalian systems, a 2-hydroxylated metabolite of flutamide binds to the AR with a much higher affinity than the parent chemical. Mixture experiments with flutamide and the androgen 17beta-trenbolone demonstrated that the antiandrogen effectively blocked trenbolone-induced masculinization (nuptial tubercle production) of female fathead minnows, indicating antagonism of an AR receptor-mediated response in vivo. Conversely, reductions in vitellogenin in trenbolone-exposed females were not blocked by flutamide, suggesting that the vitellogenin response is not directly mediated through the AR. The results of these studies provide data demonstrating the validity of using the fathead minnow as a model species for detecting EDCs that exert toxicity through interactions with the AR. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 55 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6322 EP 6327 DI 10.1021/es040022b PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900029 PM 15597888 ER PT J AU Schmieder, PK Tapper, MA Denny, JS Kolanczyk, RC Sheedy, BR Henry, TR Veith, GD AF Schmieder, PK Tapper, MA Denny, JS Kolanczyk, RC Sheedy, BR Henry, TR Veith, GD TI Use of trout liver slices to enhance mechanistic interpretation of estrogen receptor binding for cost-effective prioritization of chemicals within large inventories SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; IN-VITRO; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ALKYLPHENOLIC CHEMICALS; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; ASSAY; AFFINITY; METABOLITES; INHIBITION; LIGANDS AB The cost of testing chemicals as reproductive toxicants precludes the possibility of evaluating large chemical inventories without a robust strategy for prioritizing chemicals to test. The use of quantitative structure-activity relationships in early hazard identification is a cost-effective prioritization tool, but in the absence of systematic collection of interpretable test data upon which models are formulated, these techniques fall short of their intended use. An approach is presented for narrowing the focus of candidate ED chemicals using two in vitro assays: one optimized to measure the potential of chemicals to bind rainbow trout estrogen receptors (rtER), and a second to enhance interpretation of receptor binding data in a relevant biological system (i.e., fish liver tissue). Results of rtER competitive binding assays for 16 chemicals yielded calculable relative binding affinities (RBA) from 179 to 0.0006% for 13 chemicals and partial or no binding for an additional 3 chemicals. Eleven lower to no affinity chemicals (RBA < 0.1%) were further tested in trout liver slices to measure induction of rtER-dependent vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA in the presence of chemical passive partitioning (from media to multiple hepatocyte layers in the slice) and liver xenobiotic metabolism. VTG induction in slices was observed in a concentration-dependent manner for eight chemicals tested that had produced complete displacement curves in binding assays, including the lowest affinity binder with an RBA of 0.0006%. Two chemicals with only partial binding curves up to their solubility limit did not induce VTG. The monohydroxy metabolite of methoxychlor was the only chemical tested that apparently bound rtER but did not induce VTG mRNA. Data are presented illustrating the utility of the two assays in combination for interpreting the role of metabolism in VTG induction, as well as the sensitivity of the assays for measuring enantiomer selective binding and ER-mediated induction. The combined approach appears particularly useful in interpreting the potential relevance of extremely low affinity chemical binding to fish receptors (RBA = 0.01-0.0001%) within a defined toxicity pathway as a basis for prioritizing within large chemical inventories of environmental concern. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Water, OST, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Int QSAR Fdn Reduce Anim Testing, Two Harbors, MN 55616 USA. RP Schmieder, PK (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM schmieder.patricia@epa.gov NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6333 EP 6342 DI 10.1021/es0495314 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900031 PM 15597890 ER PT J AU Berry, WJ Boothman, WS Serbst, JR Edwards, PA AF Berry, WJ Boothman, WS Serbst, JR Edwards, PA TI Predicting the toxicity of chromium in sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chromium; sediments; toxicity; acid-volatile sulfide; interstitial water ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; QUALITY CRITERIA; TECHNICAL BASIS; MARINE; METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHEMISTRY; AMPHIPOD; ASSIMILATION; SEAWATER AB Chromium exists in sediments in two oxidation states: Cr(III), which is relatively insoluble and nontoxic, and Cr(VI), which is much more soluble and toxic. Chromium(VI) is thermodynamically unstable in anoxic sediments, and acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) is formed only in anoxic sediments; therefore sediments with measurable AVS concentrations should not contain toxic Cr(VI). If this hypothesis holds true, measuring AVS could form the basis for a theoretically based guideline for Cr in sediments. Ten-day water-only and spiked sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Ampelisca abdita were performed with Cr(VI) and Cr(III), along with sediments collected from a site contaminated with high concentrations of Cr. In sediments where AVS exceeded analytical detection limits, Cr concentrations in interstitial water were very low (< 100 mug/L) and no significant toxicity to A. abdita was observed. In sediments in which AVS was not significantly greater than zero, Cr concentrations in interstitial waters increased significantly, with greater than 90% of the Cr present as Cr(VI), and mortality of A. abdita was elevated. These results demonstrate that measurements of AVS and interstitial water chromium can be useful in predicting the absence of acute effects from Cr contamination in sediments. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Berry, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM berry.walter@epa.gov NR 42 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 2981 EP 2992 DI 10.1897/03-599.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 878XK UT WOS:000225680500025 PM 15648774 ER PT J AU Teuschler, LK Hertzberg, RC Rice, GE Simmons, JE AF Teuschler, LK Hertzberg, RC Rice, GE Simmons, JE TI EPA project-level research strategies for chemical mixtures: targeted research for meaningful results SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE chemical mixtures; risk assessment; research strategies; disinfection by-products ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER AB Project-level research strategies at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regarding chemical mixtures are impacted by administrative priorities, public interests, expert opinions, scientific advances, regulatory needs, and legislative actions, influencing the setting of priorities and goals. Perhaps, the most significant influence on conducting chemical mixtures research is the passage of laws requiring the EPA to investigate the potential toxicity of various mixtures, specifically the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, and the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996. Scarce resources are allocated to broadly defined issues for consideration by teams of scientists, who design and implement specific projects. Because resources are limited, projects may have several goals, e.g., filling specific data gaps to support a regulation and, simultaneously, producing data to evaluate a risk assessment method. Research areas of emphasis are shaped by risk assessment needs, data gap uncertainties, and experimental design considerations. This paper discusses factors shaping EPA research strategies for chemical mixtures and presents an example of efficient research planning to investigate potential toxicity from exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Waste Management, Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teuschler, LK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM teuschler.linda@epa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.12.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600002 PM 21782749 ER PT J AU Eldridge, PM Kaldy, JE Burd, AB AF Eldridge, PM Kaldy, JE Burd, AB TI Stress response model for the tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum: The interactions of light, temperature, sedimentation, and geochemistry SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; BROWN-TIDE ALGA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; LAGUNA-MADRE; DOMINATED LAGOON; ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL LAGOON; TURTLE GRASS; BIOMASS AB Our modeling objective was to better define the relationship between subtropical seagrass and potential water column and sediment stressors (light, organic and particle sedimentation, sediment nutrients. and the porewater sulfide system). The model was developed and optimized for sediments in Thalassia testudinum seagrass beds of Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, U.S., and is composed of a plant submodel and a sediment diagenetic submodel. Simulations were developed for a natural stressor (harmful algal bloom, Aureoumbra lagunensis) and an anthropogenic stressor (dredging event). The observed harmful algal bloom (HAB) was of limited duration and the simulations of that bloom showed no effect of the algal bloom on biomass trends but did suggest that sediment sulfides could inhibit growth if the bloom duration and intensity were greater. To examine this hypothesis we ran a simulation using data collected during a sustained 4-yr bloom in Upper Laguna Madre. Simulations suggested that light attenuation by the HAB could cause a small reduction in T. testudinum biomass, while input of organic matter from the bloom could promote development of a sediment geochemical environment toxic to T testudinum leading to a major reduction in biomass. A 3-wk dredging event resulted in sedimentation of a layer of rich organic material and reduction of canopy light for a period of months. The simulations suggested that the seagrass could have recovered from the effects of temporary light reduction but residual effects of high sulfides in the sediments would make the region inhospitable for seagrasses for up to 2.5 yr. These modeling exercises illustrate that both natural and anthropogenic stressors can result in seagrass losses by radically altering the sedimentary geochemical environment. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Eldridge, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Eldridge.pete@EPA.gov OI Burd, Adrian/0000-0001-6345-8770 NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 39 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 923 EP 937 DI 10.1007/BF02803419 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 888KZ UT WOS:000226374200004 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP Cole, FA AF Ferraro, SP Cole, FA TI Optimal benthic macrofaunal sampling protocol for detecting differences among four habitats in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIAL PATTERN; CANCER-MAGISTER; ABUNDANCE; BEDS; INVERTEBRATES; MACROBENTHOS; ASSEMBLAGES AB As part of an effort to estimate estuarine habitat values with respect to ecological indicators of benthic macrofaunal community condition, an optimal (effective and least costly) sampling protocol (sample unit size [area X depth], sieve mesh size, and sample number [n]) was determined. The goal was to use four ecological indicators (number of species, abundance, biomass, and fish and crab prey abundance) to detect differences among four intertidal habitats in Willapa Bay, Washington, United States. The four habitats were eelgrass (Zostera marina), Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), mud shrimp (Upogebia pugettensis), and ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis). Four sample unit areas (0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 m(2)), two sample unit depths (0-5 and 0-10 cm), and two sieve mesh sizes (1.0 and 0.5 mm) were evaluated. The optimal sampling protocol was defined as the least costly protocol capable of reliably (statistical power, 1 - beta greater than or equal to 0.80) detecting significant (alpha = 0.05) differences among greater than or equal to 4 of the 6 pairwise habitat contrasts by ANOVA on all four ecological indicators. The relative cost of each sampling protocol was estimated as a direct function of the sample unit size and number and the cost-in-processing-time ratios of 1 (5 cm deep): 1.7 (10 cm deep) and 1 (greater than or equal to1.0 mm macrofauna size fraction); 2.5 (greater than or equal to0.5 mm macrofauna size fraction), which were taken from previous studies. The optimal sampling protocol was 15-20, 0.01-m(2) x 5-cm deep, 0.5-mm mesh samples per habitat. C1 US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ferraro.steven@epa.gov NR 65 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1025 DI 10.1007/BF02803427 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 888KZ UT WOS:000226374200012 ER PT J AU Steck-Scott, S Arab, L Craft, NE Samet, JM AF Steck-Scott, S Arab, L Craft, NE Samet, JM TI Plasma and lung macrophage responsiveness to carotenoid supplementation and ozone exposure in humans SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoid; ozone; human; biomarker; lung macrophage; plasma; antioxidant ID BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CANCER; ANTIOXIDANTS; POPULATION; LYCOPENE AB Objective: To examine the effect of ozone exposure and vegetable juice supplementation on plasma and lung macrophage concentrations of carotenoids. Design: A randomized trial. Setting: Subjects were exposed to ambient air prior to antioxidant supplementation and to ozone after antioxidant supplementation or placebo. Exposures occurred while exercising intermittently in a controlled metabolic chamber at the Human Studies Division, US EPA. Subjects: In all, 23 healthy subjects between ages of 18 and 35 y. Interventions: Subjects consumed a low fruit and vegetable diet for 3 weeks. After the first week, subjects underwent a sham exposure to filtered air with exercise, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Subjects were randomly assigned into supplement ( one can vegetable juice, vitamins C and E daily) or placebo ( orange soda, placebo pill daily) groups for 2 weeks. After the 2-week intervention, subjects were exposed to 0.4 ppm (784 mug/m(3)) ozone for 2 h with exercise followed by BAL. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after and 3 h postexposure on each exposure day. The concentrations of nine carotenoids were determined by HPLC in BAL macrophages and plasma samples. Results: Plasma concentrations of all the carotenoids that were present in the vegetable juice ( except cis-beta-carotene) increased significantly in the supplemented group. Lung macrophage alpha-carotene concentrations increased significantly, lycopene isomers increased slightly, and all other carotenoids decreased ( nonsignificantly) in the supplementation group following the intervention. Ozone exposure resulted in decreases in several carotenoids in plasma of the placebo group, but not in the supplemented group. Conclusions: Lung macrophage concentrations of carotenoids can be manipulated by diet. Ozone is a potent environmental oxidant that appears to reduce plasma carotenoids in nonsupplemented individuals. Sponsorship: US Environmental Protection Agency, Campbell's Soup Company. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Craft Technol Inc, Wilson, NC USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Steck-Scott, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM susan_scott@unc.edu RI Steck, Susan/G-5736-2013 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1571 EP 1579 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601988 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 874ML UT WOS:000225354400002 PM 15127089 ER PT J AU Elliott, L Yeatts, K Loomis, D AF Elliott, L Yeatts, K Loomis, D TI Ecological associations between asthma prevalence and potential exposure to farming SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agriculture; asthma; ecological study; farming; livestock ID ALLERGIC DISEASES; EARLY-LIFE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ENDOTOXIN; HEALTH; ATOPY; RISK AB Farming and exposure to livestock have been proposed as protective against the development of asthma in children. An ecological study was conducted to examine the support for these relationships in the USA. County-specific aggregate measures were used to examine the relationship between the prevalence of asthma and wheeze in 7th and 8th grade school children (aged 12-14 yrs) and selected measures of potential exposure to farming in the state of North Carolina. Binomial regression models were fitted to quantify these relationships, with adjustments for parental smoking, socioeconomic status, sex and race. Regression coefficients were reported for an increment of one interquartile range (IQR) in each indicator of exposure. The prevalence of asthma showed decreasing trends for most indicators of farm exposure. Regression results suggested that the largest decreases ill asthma prevalence were associated with the number of farms (-5.0% per IQR increment), acreage of hay (-7.2% per IQR increment) and beef cattle (-7.8% per IQR increment). The pattern of results was similar for wheezing. In conclusion, the findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that certain farm exposures are protective against childhood asthma. Further research with individual-level data is needed to identify the specific protective exposures. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Elliott, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM elliott1@nichs.nih.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 938 EP 941 DI 10.1183/09031936.04.0006404 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 878EX UT WOS:000225630500010 PM 15572535 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Endale, DM Samarkina, LP Chappell, KE AF Washington, JW Endale, DM Samarkina, LP Chappell, KE TI Kinetic control of oxidation state at thermodynamically buffered potentials in subsurface waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; IRON REDUCTION; NATURAL-WATERS; SEDIMENTS; GROUNDWATER; SULFIDE; OXIDE; FERROZINE; BACTERIA AB Dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic carbon (C-org) are among the highest- and lowest-potential reactants, respectively, of redox couples in natural waters. When DO and C-org are present in subsurface settings. other couples are drawn toward potentials imposed by them, generating a bimodal clustering of calculated redox potentials. Which cluster a couple is drawn toward is determined by whether the couple's oxidant or reductant is more concentrated. Generally, reactants >10(-6)M are near equilibrium with their dominant complementary reactant and in a cluster, whereas reactants <10(-6)M are relatively slow to react and diverge from the clusters. These observations suggest that reactions of higher-potential oxidants with lower-potential reductants commonly proceed simultaneously, regardless of the presence of other potential reactants. with the rates of reaction being determined more by concentration than relative potentials. As DO or C-org decreases, the potential gap separating Couples diminishes. In waters having quantifiable concentrations of higher potential oxidants O-2 and NO3-, [H-2] was not diagnostic of their presence. In the water we analyzed having no quantifiable O-2 or NO3, redox potential calculated with [H-2] was similar to potentials calculated for SO42- reduction and methanogenesis. Composite reactions, NO3- --> N-2 and O-2 --> H2O, are best characterized in multiple steps due to slow reaction of low-concentration intermediates. The [CO] data we report, among the first for groundwater, are high compared to water equilibrated with the atmosphere. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM washington.john@epa.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 68 IS 23 BP 4831 EP 4842 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.001 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879CU UT WOS:000225694800006 ER PT J AU Job, C AF Job, C TI Ground water-supplied public water systems: A 10-year comparison SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Infrastruct Branch, Drinking Water Protect Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Job, C (reprint author), US EPA, Infrastruct Branch, Drinking Water Protect Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 42 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00702.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 777ET UT WOS:000189163400003 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS James, AC Pawel, DJ AF Puskin, JS James, AC Pawel, DJ TI Response to Duport and Cavallo SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ACJ & Associates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 672 EP 672 DI 10.1097/00004032-200412000-00022 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400020 ER PT J AU Coleman, FM AF Coleman, FM TI Thomas Hobbes and the Hebraic Bible SO HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Political-Science-Association (APSA 2001) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Polit Sci Assoc ID HOBBES AB This article shows that core ideas of Hobbes's argument for civil authority have their sources in commentary on or texts of the Hebraic Bible. These ideas centre on the Hebraic idea of created nature (real, radically contingent and artifactual) and of man (an iconoclast, covenant maker and artificer). It is further shown that both the eschatological (historical-prophetic) and enlightenment (scientific-materialist) components of Hobbes's philosophy originate in these same biblical ideas. Therefore, the often stressed and accustomed division of Leviathan into a secular (Parts I and II) and a religious (Parts III and IV) teaching is mistakenly conceived. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Coleman, FM (reprint author), POB 116, Parlin, CO 81239 USA. EM fcoleman@pcrs.net NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 0143-781X J9 HIST POLIT THOUGHT JI Hist. Polit. Thought PD WIN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 642 EP 669 PG 28 WC History SC History GA 882UY UT WOS:000225965500004 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Rodier, DJ Schwenk, S Troyer, ME Tyler, PL Urban, DJ Wellman, MC Wharton, S AF Suter, GW Rodier, DJ Schwenk, S Troyer, ME Tyler, PL Urban, DJ Wellman, MC Wharton, S TI The US Environmental Protection Agency's generic ecological assessment endpoints SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; endpoints; problem formulation AB Agency determined that one of the major The U.S. Environmental Protection impediments to the advancement and application of ecological risk assessment is doubt concerning appropriate assessment endpoints. The Agency's Risk Assessment Forum determined that the best solution to this problem was to define a set of generic ecological assessment endpoints (GEAEs). They are assessment endpoints that are applicable to a wide range of ecological risk assessments; because they reflect the programmatic groats of the Agency, they are applicable to a wide array of environmental issues, and they may be estimated using existing assessment tools. They are not specifically defined for individual cases; some ad hoc elaboration by users is expected. The GEAEs are not exhaustive or mandatory. Although most of the Agency's ecological decisions have been based on organism-level effects, GEAEs are also defined for populations, ecosystems, and special places. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubernstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM suter.glenn@epa.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 967 EP 981 DI 10.1080/10807030490887104 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885DU UT WOS:000226138100003 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Sample, BE Suter, GW AF Efroymson, RA Sample, BE Suter, GW TI Bioaccumulation of inorganic chemicals from soil by plants: Spiked solis vs. field contamination or background SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; plant uptake; bioaccumulation; metals; bioavailability; soil ID BIOSOLIDS-AMENDED SOILS; CADMIUM BIOAVAILABILITY; HEAVY-METALS; COPPER; ZINC; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; LETTUCE; GROWTH AB Risk assessors are often cautioned against the use of tests of highly bioavailable salt solutions added to soil to estimate the bioaccumulation of chemicals from waste site soils by plants. In this investigation, a large number of laboratory and field studies that measured the bioaccumulation of inorganic chemicals in plants were reviewed. The objective was to discern whether or not the relationship between the concentration of the element in aboveground vegetation and that in soil was different if the contamination was aged in the field rather than freshly added to soil in salt solution. For two of the eight elements, selenium and cadmium, salt solution experiments were associated with greater soil-plant uptake ratios than field measurements. Thus, these are not reliable data for use in the derivation of plant uptake regressions for screening-level ecological risk assessments at field sites. In contrast, the plant uptake of arsenic, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc, when added in salt solutions, was generally within the 95% prediction limit of regressions derived from field data. Chemical form, plant taxon, soil type, experimental methodology, and aging may be as important as the source of the chemical in predicting plant uptake of inorganic chemicals from soil. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Sacramento, CA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1127 DI 10.1080/10807030490887177 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885DU UT WOS:000226138100009 ER PT J AU Moya, J AF Moya, J TI Overview of fish consumption rates in the United States SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE fish; consumption; recreation; subsistence ID RISK PERCEPTION; SPORT FISH; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; SAVANNA RIVER; PUERTO-RICO; ADVISORIES; FISHERMEN; PATTERNS; ANGLERS; MOBILIZATION AB Contaminants that accumulate in fish may pose health risks and have raised concerns among consumers. Contaminated finfish and shellfish are possible routes of human exposure to toxic chemicals. Fish advisories are established to protect local populations from the consumption of contaminated commercial and non-commercially caught fish. Children, women of childbearing age, and subsistence fishermen or other highly exposed individuals who for socioeconomic or cultural reasons consume more fish than the general population are among the populations of concern from the ingestion of contaminated fish. Estimating exposure to a toxic chemical among fish-consuming populations requires knowledge about intake rates of fish and shellfish. Data on fish consumption rates come from various sources, including national, state, and local government studies. Although these data have their limitations, they serve as a source for deriving fish consumption rates that may be used by exposure assessors. Data on specific populations of concern are critical. Studies presented here show that ethnicity, age, and geographical region play an important role in fishing behavior and consumption. Results from studies on Native American populations show that this ethnic group eats fish at a higher rate than recreational anglers. This article summarizes data on fish consumption for various populations and provides a framework for evaluating data from these studies for exposure assessment applications. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Moya, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 8623D,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM moya.jacqueline@epa.gov NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1211 DI 10.1080/10807030490887258 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885DU UT WOS:000226138100014 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Li, ZW Harder, SD Soukup, JM AF Huang, YCT Li, ZW Harder, SD Soukup, JM TI Apoptotic and inflammatory effects induced by different particles in human alveolar macrophages SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDANT RADICAL GENERATION; HUMAN DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE II; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ENDONUCLEASE ACTIVITY; DNA FRAGMENTATION; MORTALITY; CLONING; CALIFORNIA; EXPRESSION AB Pollutant particles induce apoptosis and inflammation, but the relationship between these two biological processes is not entirely clear. In this study, we compared the proapoptotic and proinflammatory effects of four particles: residual oil fly ash (ROFA), St. Louis particles SRM 1648 (SL), Chapel Hill PM10 (CHP), and Mount St. Helens dust (MSH). Human alveolar macrophages (AM) were incubated with these particles at 100 mug/ml. Cell death was assessed by annexin V (AV) expression, histone release, nuclear morphology, caspase 3-like activity and release of caspase 1 for apoptosis, and propidium iodide ( PI) for necrosis, and inflammation was measured by interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6. We found that particle effects on these cell death measurements varied, and ROFA affected most ( four out of five) endpoints, including nuclear morphological changes. CHP and SL also caused necrosis. For cytokine release, the potency was CHP>SL>ROFA>MSH. The proapoptotic and proinflammatory effects induced by the whole particles were unaltered after the particles were washed with water. The water-soluble fraction was relatively inactive, as were individual soluble metals (V,Ni,Fe). ROFA-induced nuclear fragmentation was associated with upregulation and mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a caspase-independent chromatin condensation factor, and upregulation of DNase II, a lysosomal acid endonuclease. These results indicate that the potential for particles to induce apoptosis does not correlate with their proinflammatory properties, although active components for both processes reside in the water-insoluble core. Both apoptosis and inflammatory endpoints should be included when the toxicity of different pollutant particles is assessed. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 14 BP 863 EP 878 DI 10.1080/08958370490519480 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 871UO UT WOS:000225159600001 PM 15764474 ER PT J AU Haught, RC AF Haught, RC TI Enhance security and operations with remote monitoring SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Qual Management Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haught, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Qual Management Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haught.roy@epa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 888QM UT WOS:000226389300011 ER PT J AU Dong, YJ Hays, MD Smith, ND Kinsey, JS AF Dong, YJ Hays, MD Smith, ND Kinsey, JS TI Inverting cascade impactor data for size-resolved characterization of fine particulate source emissions SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle size distributions; inversion; cascade impactors; fine particulate source emissions ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LOW-PRESSURE IMPACTOR; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; EVAPORATIVE LOSSES; BIOFUEL COMBUSTION; TWOMEY ALGORITHM; DISTRIBUTIONS; INVERSION; AEROSOLS; DIESEL AB In this paper, the inversion processing of cascade impactor data to construe continuous size distributions within fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is examined for residential oil furnace and fireplace appliance emissions. Impactor data from tests with these emissions sources are selected for the challenges they pose to comprehending the size distributions of aerosol mass and chemical species. In specific, the oil furnace aerosol offers an opportunity to apply data inversion to study a bimodal lognormal distribution in which much of the aerosol mass is impactor-penetrating nanoparticles (<30 nm). The fireplace emissions on the other hand cover the issue of a chemical size distribution, which is subject to particle loss and characterized by a single lognormal, accumulation mode peak. Computational steps relevant to the application of the data inversion are illustrated in detail. Evaluation of correlation coefficients (greater than or equal to0.992) indicates that the inversion model predictions fit the impactor data well. Simulations of systematic measurement error (+/-10%) at each impactor stage are shown to have a negligible impact on the inversion results for test data. It is concluded that data inversion can be effective when (i) source emissions contain a portion of particles that falls outside the measurement range of cascade impactors, (ii) a mass size distribution of an individual species is determined without the knowledge of the total mass concentration for that species, or when (iii) losses in the particle charger system are significant. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARCADIS G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dong, YJ (reprint author), ARCADIS G&M Inc, POB 13109, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ydong@arcadis-us.com RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009; Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1497 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.002 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880WX UT WOS:000225821800006 ER PT J AU Meadows-Shropshire, SL Gennings, C Carter, WH Simmons, JE AF Meadows-Shropshire, SL Gennings, C Carter, WH Simmons, JE TI Analysis of mixtures of drugs/chemicals along a fixed-ratio ray without single-chemical data to support an additivity model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE D-optimality; D-s-optimality ID COMBINATION; DEPARTURES; DESIGNS AB This article presents and illustrates an approach to designing and analyzing studies involving mixtures/combinations of drugs or chemicals along fixed-ratio rays of the drugs or chemicals for generalized linear models. When interest can be restricted to a specific ray, we consider fixed-ratio ray designs to reduce the amount of experimental effort. When a ray design is used, we have shown that the hypothesis of additivity can be rejected when higher order polynomial terms are required in the total dose-response model. Thus, it is important that we have precise parameter estimates for these higher order polynomial terms in the linear predictor. We have developed methodology for finding a D-S-optimal design based on this subset of the terms in the linear predictor. C1 Pfizer Inc, Clin Stat, New London, CT 06320 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. US EPA, Environm Effects lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Meadows-Shropshire, SL (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Clin Stat, 50 Pequot Ave MS 6025-B3211, New London, CT 06320 USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 500 EP 514 DI 10.1198/108571104X16312 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 882BI UT WOS:000225913100006 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Dunton, KH Kowalski, JL Lee, KS AF Kaldy, JE Dunton, KH Kowalski, JL Lee, KS TI Factors controlling seagrass revegetation onto dredged material deposits: A case study in Lower Laguna Madre, Texas SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Halodule wrightii; Laguna Madre; transplanting; seagrass restoration ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; HALODULE-WRIGHTII ASCHERS; SITU LIGHT REDUCTION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ZOSTERA-MARINA; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; AMMONIA TOXICITY; GROWTH DYNAMICS; SEASONAL GROWTH; EELGRASS AB Our objective was to evaluate the influence of water quality and sediment chemistry on the survival and growth of Halodule wrightii transplanted onto unconsolidated dredged materials in Lower Laguna Madre, TX. Subsequent to transplanting activities, we measured environmental conditions and seagrass parameters at transplant and natural beds over a 1-yr period. Although water quality characteristics at the transplant and comparison sites were compatible with seagrass growth, transplants failed to survive for more than a few months. Seagrasses at natural sites received high light (>6000 mols m(-2) y(-1)) and exhibited typical patterns of annual growth, biomass and density as well as sediment chemical parameters. In contrast, the estimated annual quantum flux of 2500 to 3200 mols m(-2) y(-1) at the transplant sites was near the minimum light requirements for H. wrightii. The marginal light environment was a consequence of high turbidity from wind-driven sediment resuspension. Sediment erosion at the transplant site also resulted in a 30 cm increase in water depth. Sediment NH4+ concentrations at the transplant sites were at or above the maximum values for Texas seagrasses (up to 600 muM). Although NH4+ is generally considered a nutrient, recent evidence suggests that moderate to high NH4+ concentrations can be toxic to below ground tissues. We hypothesize that substrate loss, chronic stress from elevated sediment NH4+ levels coupled with minimal light caused the demise of the H. wrightii transplants. Consequently, this work illustrates the importance of site history and sediment biogeochemistry as factors that control the success of seagrass transplanting efforts. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Div Biol Syst, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[292:FCSROD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 808DN UT WOS:000220549900020 ER PT J AU Gilman, P AF Gilman, P TI EPA CREM: Turning the Black Box into Plexiglass SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gilman, P (reprint author), US EPA, Res & Dev, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 12 BP 1411 EP 1412 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:12(1411) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871XL UT WOS:000225169800001 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM AF Yurista, PM TI Bioenergetics of a semi-tropical cladoceran, Daphnia lumholtzi SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; EXOTIC DAPHNIA; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ARCTIC DAPHNIA; ETS ACTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; ZOOPLANKTON; RESPIRATION; MODEL; POPULATION AB The bioenergetics of D. lumholtzi from Kentucky Lake U.S.A. was investigated across a wide range of temperatures (16-31 degreesC) and food concentrations. Ingestion and assimilation rates were measured using C-14 as a tracer. Growth rate was observed in the laboratory at 23 degreesC with ambient food concentration from Kentucky Lake. Respiration rate and temperature dependence of respiratory enzymes was determined. Between temperatures of 16 and 30degreesC, ingestion ranged from 0.214 to 0.316 mug C hr(-1) and assimilation rate ranged from 0.084 to 0.181 mug C hr(-1). Assimilation efficiency averaged 56% across this temperature range with a food concentration of 0.69 mg C L-1. Growth at 23 degreesC was described well by an empirical von Bertalanffy relationship and was quite rapid. Growth of neonate to first reproduction as adults was about six days. Release of offspring occurred on day 7 on the average, and clutch size ranged from 2 to 14. The magnitude of in situ respiration was in the range of that measured for other Daphnia species; however, the electron transport system measurement of cellular respiration indicated that optimal temperature for respiratory activities was several degrees higher than for both arctic and temperate Daphnia species. The energy budget of D lumholtzi as a function of temperature differed from published values for temperate region Daphnia species with the peak available energy (assimilation-respiration) for growth and reproduction occurring at the highest experimental temperature treatment (31 degreesC). This suggest a physiological adaptation to competitive ability under differing climatic conditions. C1 Murray State Univ, Hancock Biol Stn, Ctr Reservoir Res, Murray, KY 42071 USA. RP US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov NR 58 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664750 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 878OO UT WOS:000225656300020 ER PT J AU Yezza, A Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY Smith, J AF Yezza, A Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY Smith, J TI Scale-up of biopesticide production processes using wastewater sludge as a raw material SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protease; Bacillus thuringiensis; wastewater sludge; sporulation; entomotoxicity ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS FERMENTATION; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; ALKALINE PROTEASES; OXYGEN-TRANSFER; SUBSP KURSTAKI; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SPORULATION; CULTURES; MEDIA; GRUEL AB Studies were conducted on the production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based biopesticides to ascertain the performance of the process in shake flasks, and in two geometrically similar fermentors (15 and 150 l) utilizing wastewater sludge as a raw material. The results showed that it was possible to achieve better oxygen transfer in the larger capacity fermentor. Viable cell counts increased by 38-55% in the bioreactor compared to shake flasks. As for spore counts, an increase of 25% was observed when changing from shake flask to fermentor experiments. Spore counts were unchanged in bench (15 l) and pilot scale (5.3-5.5 e(+08) cfu/ml; 150 l). An improvement of 30% in the entomotoxicity potential was obtained at pilot scale. Protease activity increased by two to four times at bench and pilot scale, respectively, compared to the maximum activity obtained in shake flasks. The maximum protease activity (4.1 IU/ml) was obtained in pilot scale due to better oxygen transfer. The Bt fermentation process using sludge as raw material was successfully scaled up and resulted in high productivity for toxin protein yield and a high protease activity. C1 INRS ETE, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS ETE, 2800 Rue Einstein,CP 7500, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM tyagi@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0176-z PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 894IW UT WOS:000226785700001 PM 15662544 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Suzuki, O Bailey, GW AF Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Suzuki, O Bailey, GW TI Multiple imaging techniques demonstrate the manipulation of surfaces to reduce bacterial contamination and corrosion SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE AFM; bacteria; biofilm; corrosion; EPMA; SEM; stainless steel ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; STAINLESS-STEEL; BIOFILM FORMATION; ATTACHMENT; CLEANABILITY; ELECTRON; FINISHES AB Surface imaging techniques were combined to determine appropriate manipulation of technologically important surfaces for commercial applications. The complementarity of the microscopy methods, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and atomic force microscopy assessed and correlated form and function of the surface modifications. Stainless steel disks (1 cm in diameter) were laser-cut from the same sheets of stainless steel and treated by electropolishing or left untreated for controls. Each treatment was analysed separately using each technique. First, the disks were examined by visual inspection and electron probe microanalysis for surface characteristics and elemental composition, respectively. Aliquots of bacterial suspensions (saline rinses of poultry carcasses from a commercial broiler processing plant) were then diluted in broth and monitored for growth by spectrophotometry. Stainless steel disks (1 cm in diameter) were added and the cultures were grown to sufficient density to allow attachment of bacterial cells to test surfaces. Relative differences in the surface morphology shown by atomic force microscopy, including Z ranges, roughness and other measurements, corresponded by treatment with the differences in reduction of bacterial counts shown by scanning electron microscopy. A model of wet-processing conditions tested the effects of corrosive treatment of surfaces. Less bacterial attachment occurred after corrosive treatment on controls and electropolished samples. Electropolishing significantly reduced bacterial numbers and the effects of corrosive action compared to the controls. Thus, the multiple imaging techniques showed that engineered changes on stainless steel surfaces improved the resistance of the surface finish to bacterial attachment, biofilm formation, and corrosive action. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. JGC Corp, Div Res & Dev, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, Athens, GA USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jarnold@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 216 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01415.x PN 3 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 874NM UT WOS:000225357100003 PM 15566492 ER PT J AU Bosetti, F Langenbach, R Weerasinghe, GR AF Bosetti, F Langenbach, R Weerasinghe, GR TI Prostaglandin E-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 expression are decreased in the cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mouse brain despite compensatory induction of cyclooxygenase-1 and Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A(2) SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; cyclooxygenase; cytosolic phospholipase A(2); knockout; prostaglandin E synthase; secretory phospholipase A(2) ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID RELEASE; RAT-BRAIN; P388D(1) MACROPHAGES; MPTP-NEUROTOXICITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; E-2 BIOSYNTHESIS; NEURONAL DAMAGE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE DEFICIENT; UP-REGULATION AB We previously demonstrated that brain cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein levels, and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) level, are down-regulated in cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2))-deficient mice. To further investigate the interaction between upstream and downstream enzymes involved in brain prostaglandin synthesis, we examined expression and activity of COX-1, of different PLA(2) enzymes and of prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) enzymes in COX-2(-/-) mice. We found that the PGE2 level was decreased by 51.5% in the COX-2(-/-) mice brains, indicating a significant role of COX-2 in brain formation of PGE2. However, when we supplied exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) to brain homogenates, COX activity was increased in the COX-2(-/-) mice, suggesting a compensatory activation of COX-1 and an intracellular compartmentalization of the COX isozymes. Consistent with COX-1 increased activity, brain expression of COX-1 protein and mRNA also was increased. Activity and expression of cPLA(2) and secretory PLA(2) (sPLA(2)) enzymes, supplying AA to COX, were significantly increased. Also, the PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway downstream from COX-2 was affected in the COX-2(-/-) mice, as decreased expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2), but not mPGES-1 or cytosolic PGES, was observed. Overall, the data suggest that compensatory mechanisms exist in COX-2(-/-) mice and that mPGES-2 is functionally coupled with COX-2. C1 NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bosetti, F (reprint author), NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM frances@mail.nih.gov NR 63 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1397 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02829.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 884VX UT WOS:000226115900014 PM 15584915 ER PT J AU Dykstra, CR Hays, JL Simon, MM Holt, JB Austng, GR Daniel, FB AF Dykstra, CR Hays, JL Simon, MM Holt, JB Austng, GR Daniel, FB TI Dispersal and mortality of Red-shouldered Hawks banded in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Red-shouldered Hawk; Buteo lineatus; natal dispersal; survival; banding; urban ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTHWESTERN OHIO; TAILED HAWKS; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; BIRDS; PRODUCTIVITY; CALIFORNIA; PHILOPATRY AB We banded nestling Red-shouldered Hawks (Buteo lineatus) in southwestern Ohio and northern Kentucky (SW OHIO, hereafter) to examine movements and determine causes of mortality in this suburban population. For comparison, we examined band recovery records for nestling Red-shouldered Hawks banded in rural northern Ohio. Of 899 nestlings banded in SW OHIO from 1955-2002, 43 (4.8%) were encountered (dead or alive) some time after fledging. Mean distance from natal nest at time of encounter was 38.5 +/- 13.6 km and was not correlated with hawk age (P > 0.58). Distance from natal nest did not differ for hawks of three age classes or between those encountered in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons (P > 0. 13). Cumulative exponential distribution (CED) analysis of distance from natal nest at time of encounter indicated that 50% of SW OHIO Red-shouldered Hawks were found <15 km from their natal nest, 75% were <29 km away, and 95% were <62 km away. Mean age of hawks recovered dead was 1.9 +/- 0.4 yr (N = 31). CED analysis of age at recovery indicated that 50% of Red-shouldered Hawks were dead by age 1.2 yr, 75% by 2.4 yr, and 95% by 5.2 yr. SW OHIO hawks did not differ from hawks banded in northern Ohio in either distance from natal nest or age at recovery. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RAPTOR Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45231 USA. RP Dykstra, CR (reprint author), 7280 Susan Springs Dr, W Chester, OH 45069 USA. EM cheryldykstra@juno.com NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 304 EP 311 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 900PR UT WOS:000227227300002 ER PT J AU Winstead, JT Volety, AK Tolley, SG AF Winstead, JT Volety, AK Tolley, SG TI Parasitic and symbiotic fauna in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) collected from the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary in Florida SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oysters; parasite; symbiont; prevalence; diversity ID TURBELLARIAN URASTOMA-CYPRINAE; NORTHEASTERN GULF; AMERICAN OYSTER; EASTERN OYSTERS; WATER-QUALITY; LIFE-CYCLE; BAY; ENVIRONMENT; TREMATODE; MOLLUSKS AB Studies of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, collected from 10 sites in the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary, Florida, revealed a varied parasite and symbiotic faunae that have never been reported in this area. Organisms observed included ovacystis virus infecting gametes at four sites (prevalence <1%), ciliate protozoans Ancistrocoma sp. in the gut of a stressed oyster at one site and Sphenophrya sp. infecting the gills of animals at three sites (prevalence <1 %). The gregarine protozoan Nematopsis was found at all 10 sites (prevalence 24% to 90%) and oysters at some sites had concurrent infections of Nematopsis prytherchi and Nematopsis ostrearum in connective tissue near the stomach, mantle, and gills. Light to moderate infestations of hydrozoan polyps of a species in the genus Eutima were observed in the gills of oysters at all sites (prevalence 1% to 22%). Helminths included an unidentified turbellarian (prevalence 1% to 4%) observed at three sites and the digenetic trematodes Echinostoma sp., Proctoeces maculatus and Bucephalus sp. in oysters at five (prevalence 1% to 93%), three (prevalence >1%), and six (prevalence 1% to 3%) sites respectively. The first two trematodes were found infesting the gonoducts of their hosts while sporocysts of Bucephalus sp. infected connective tissues and gonads. Metacestodes of a species in the genus Tylocephalum were found in vesicular connective tissues near the gut, mantle, and in the gills of animals at all sites (prevalence 7% to 58%). Many sites had oysters with multiple infestations/infections of the above organisms indicating a rich biotic diversity, especially at those sites least impacted by human activity. C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. RP Winstead, JT (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM wintead.jim@epa.gov NR 67 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 831 EP 840 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 891CS UT WOS:000226559500019 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Srivastava, RK Ghorishi, SB Hastings, TW Stevens, FM AF Lee, CW Srivastava, RK Ghorishi, SB Hastings, TW Stevens, FM TI Investigation of selective catalytic reduction impact on mercury speciation under simulated NOx emission control conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology increasingly is being applied for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal-fired boilers. Some recent field and pilot studies suggest that the operation of SCR could affect the chemical form of mercury (Hg) in, coal combustion flue gases. The speciation of Hg is an important factor influencing the control and environmental fate of Hg emissions from coal combustion. The vanadium and titanium oxides, used commonly in the vanadia-titania SCR catalyst for catalytic NOx reduction, promote the formation of oxidized mercury (Hg2+). The work reported in this paper focuses on the impact of SCR on elemental mercury (Hg-0) oxidation. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate Hg-0 oxidation in the presence of simulated coal combustion flue gases and under SCR reaction conditions. Flue gas mixtures with different concentrations of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for simulating the combustion of bituminous coals and subbituminous coals were tested in these experiments. The effects of HCl and SO, in the flue gases on Hg-0 oxidation under SCR reaction conditions were studied. It was observed that HCl is the most critical flue gas component that causes conversion of Hg-0 to Hg2+ under SCR reaction conditions. The importance of HCl for Hg-0 oxidation found in the present study provides the scientific basis for the apparent coal-type dependence observed for Hg-0 oxidation occurring across the SCR reactors in the field. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Cormetech Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut & Control Div, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.chun-wai@epa.gov NR 12 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 22 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1560 EP 1566 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 878EA UT WOS:000225628100009 PM 15648394 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS AF Caruso, BS TI Modeling metals transport and sediment/water interactions in a mining impacted mountain stream SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE metals; mining waste; modeling; watershed; water quality; transport; sediment ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SORPTION; WATER AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP5) was used to model the transport and sediment/water interactions of metals under low flow, steady state conditions in Tenmile Creek, a mountain stream supplying drinking water to the City of Helena, Montana, impacted by numerous abandoned hard rock mines. The model was calibrated for base flow using data collected by USEPA and validated using data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for higher flows. It was used to assess metals loadings and losses, exceedances of Montana State water quality standards, metals interactions in stream water and bed sediment, uncertainty in fate and transport processes and model parameters, and effectiveness of remedial alternatives that include leaving contaminated sediment in the stream. Results indicated that during base flow, adits and point sources contribute significant metals loadings to the stream, but that shallow ground water and bed sediment also contribute metals in some key locations. Losses from the water column occur in some areas, primarily due to adsorption and precipitation onto bed sediments. Some uncertainty exists in the metal partition coefficients associated with sediment, significance of precipitation reactions, and in the specific locations of unidentified sources and losses of metals. Standards exceedances are widespread throughout the stream, but the model showed that remediation of point sources and mine waste near water courses can help improve water quality. Model results also indicate, however, that alteration of the water supply scheme and increasing base flow will probably be required to meet all water quality standards. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Denver, CO 80202 USA. US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 999 18th St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM caruso.brian@epa.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1603 EP 1615 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01609.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 887WI UT WOS:000226335800015 ER PT J AU Rauscher, GH Shore, D Sandler, DP AF Rauscher, GH Shore, D Sandler, DP TI Alcohol intake and incidence of de novo adult acute leukemia SO LEUKEMIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE leukemia; alcohol; case-control study; bias ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; RISK; CONSUMPTION; CANCER AB In a case-control study of adult acute leukemia we defined alcohol intake as either non-regular (<1 drink per week), light (1-5 drinks per week), moderate (6-8 drinks per week) or heavy (>8 drinks per week). An inverse association was found for light and moderate beer intake (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.76). In contrast, a positive association was found for moderate and heavy wine intake (RR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.8). Divergent results might reflect the effect of different nutrients in beer and wine, unmeasured confounding, or differing impacts of selection bias on these associations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rauscher, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, 816 SPHPI,1603 W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM garthr@uic.edu OI Rauscher, Garth/0000-0003-0374-944X; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57699-06] NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2126 J9 LEUKEMIA RES JI Leuk. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.04.004 PG 3 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 866NM UT WOS:000224780200004 PM 15475066 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Turcani, M Patoeka, J Liebhold, AM AF Raimondo, S Turcani, M Patoeka, J Liebhold, AM TI Interspecific synchrony among foliage-feeding forest Lepidoptera species and the potential role of generalist predators as synchronizing agents SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID MICROTINE POPULATION-CYCLES; NOMADIC AVIAN PREDATORS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; GEOGRAPHICAL SYNCHRONY; APPARENT COMPETITION; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; INSECT POPULATIONS; PREY COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS AB While synchrony among geographically disjunct populations of the same species has received considerable recent attention, much less is known about synchrony between sympatric populations of two or more species. We analyzed time series of the abundance of ten species of spring foliage feeding Lepidoptera sampled over a 25-year period at 20 sites in the Slovak Republic. Six species were free-feeders and four were leaf-rollers as larvae. Twenty-nine percent of interspecific pairs were significantly synchronous and correlations were highest among species exhibiting similar feeding strategies. Similar patterns of interspecific synchrony have been previously demonstrated in several other taxa, and the synchronizing effects of weather and/or specialist predators have been proposed as mechanisms. As an alternative explanation, we explored a model in which two species within the same feeding guild were synchronized by the functional response of generalist predators. In this model, species remained unsynchronized in the complete absence of predation or when predatory pressures were applied to only one species. Pairs of prey species projecting relatively similar search images to predators were more highly synchronized than species with relatively different search images. Prey handling time only influenced synchrony when it was very high relative to the total time prey was exposed to predators. Our model's prediction of greater synchrony among species that project similar search images to predators was in agreement with our field study that showed greater synchrony among species sharing similar larval feeding strategies and morphologies. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Fores Res Inst, Res Stn Banska Stiavnica, SK-96923 Banska, Stiavnica, Slovakia. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Forest Ecol, Zvolen 96053, Slovakia. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 55 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2004 VL 107 IS 3 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13449.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873FZ UT WOS:000225266600002 ER PT J AU Qiang, Z Adams, C Surampalli, R AF Qiang, Z Adams, C Surampalli, R TI Determination of ozonation rate constants for lincomycin and spectinomycin SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ozone; rate constants; antibiotics; lincomycin; spectinomycin; stopped-flow spectrophotometry ID DISSOCIATING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER CONTAMINANTS; OZONE; PHARMACEUTICALS; ANTIBIOTICS; SURFACE; SULFONAMIDE; KINETICS; REMOVAL AB Recent occurrences of pharmaceutical antibiotics in surface water, drinking water, and wastewater systems have gained significant attention due to their potential threats to human health. This study determined the absolute second-order rate constants of ozone with two amine-based antibiotics, namely, lincomycin and spectinomycin, using the stopped-flow technique under controlled ionic strength, buffer, and temperature. Results indicate that ozone reacts quickly with the selected antibiotics, and the reaction rate significantly depends on solution pH. For lincomycin, ozone attacks its free amine group and sulfur group with absolute rate constants of 2.76 x 10(6) M-1.s(-1) (for neutral form) and 3.26 x 10(5) M-1.s(-1) (for monoprotonated form), respectively. For spectinomycin, ozone attacks two free amine groups with absolute rate constants of 1.27 x 10(6) M-1.s(-1) (for neutral form) and 3.30 x 10(5) M-1.s(-1) (for monoprotonated form), respectively. These rate constants have been corrected to zero ionic strength. Protonated amine is nonreactive toward ozone. Model prediction indicates that lincomycin and spectinomycin can be effectively transformed by ozonation processes around neutral pH. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Environm Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Adams, C (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Environm Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM adams@umr.edu NR 22 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 26 IS 6 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1080/01919510490885334 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 882ZU UT WOS:000225979700002 ER PT J AU Ehman, KD Scott, ME AF Ehman, KD Scott, ME TI Microsatellite analysis reveals that female mice are indiscriminate when choosing infected or dominant males in an arena setting SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mate choice; parasites; Heligmosomoides polygyrus; dominance; mice; microsatellite DNA analysis; paternity testing ID WILD HOUSE MICE; MUS-DOMESTICUS; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; NEMATOSPIROIDES-DUBIUS; GENETIC BENEFITS; SEXUAL SELECTION; LABORATORY MICE; BEHAVIOR; MUSCULUS AB Considering that both infection and dominance status can be conveyed through urinary odours and both are thought to affect mate choice, the present study assessed the role of infection and male dominance status on female mate choice in arena enclosures. Three male CD-1 mice were simultaneously introduced into each of 4 spatially complex arenas (3.0 x 0.6 x 0.4 m high) for 24 h prior to introduction of 5 females into each arena. During the first mating sequence (i.e. Mating 1), all 3 males were uninfected. Prior to Mating 2, the dominant male in each arena was infected with 200 L-3 of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda). Prior to Mating 3, the dominant male was drug-treated to remove the parasite. Dominance was assessed by the absence of rump or tail Wounds (Freeland, 1981). Females were removed from the arena when visibly pregnant, and returned for subsequent mating 2 weeks following parturition. Paternity was determined by microsatellite analysis of each pup. Multi-male mating (i.e. mating with 2 or all 3 males) was a common strategy among females as littermates were sired by 2 or all 3 males in 64% of the litters. Contrary to expectation, the dominant male did not sire the majority of offspring in any of the mating sequences, and infection and subsequent drug treatment of the dominant male did not have a significant impact on female mate choice. In addition to methodological differences in paternity determination (i.e. DNA analysis versus behavioural observations and/or phenotypic traits), these findings may be further explained by the spatial complexity of the experimental arenas. C1 McGill Univ, Inst Parasitol, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Ehman, KD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Mail Drop B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ehman.kimberly@epa.gov RI Scott, Marilyn/L-5347-2015 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 129 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1017/S0031182004006195 PN 6 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 884CR UT WOS:000226062700008 PM 15648695 ER PT J AU Krieger, E Darden, T Nabuurs, SB Finkelstein, A Vriend, G AF Krieger, E Darden, T Nabuurs, SB Finkelstein, A Vriend, G TI Making optimal use of empirical energy functions: Force-field parameterization in crystal space SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; DATABASE; MODELS; BOND AB Today's energy functions are not able yet to distinguish reliably between correct and almost correct protein models. Improving these near-native models is currently a major bottle-neck in homology modeling or experimental structure determination at low resolution. Increasingly accurate energy functions are required to complete the "last mile of the protein folding problem," for example during a molecular dynamics simulation. We present a new approach to reach this goal. For 50 high resolution X-ray structures, the complete unit cell was reconstructed, including disordered water molecules, counter ions, and hydrogen atoms. Simulations were then run at the pH at which the crystal was solved, while force-field parameters were iteratively adjusted so that the damage done to the structures was minimal. Starting with initial parameters from the AMBER force field, the optimization procedure converged at a new force field called YAMBER (Yet Another Model Building and Energy Refinement force field), which is shown to do significantly less damage to X-ray structures, often move homology models in the right direction, and occasionally make them look like experimental structures. Application of YAMBER during the CASP5 structure prediction experiment yielded a model for target 176 that was ranked first among 150 submissions. Due to its compatibility with the well-established AMBER format, YAMBER can be used by almost any molecular dynamics program. The parameters are freely available from www.yasara.org/ yamber. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Nijmegen, CMBI, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Prot Res, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Krieger, E (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, CMBI, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM elmar.krieger@yasara.org RI Vriend, Gert/D-6730-2011; Vriend, G./H-8112-2014; OI Finkelstein, Alexey/0000-0002-2138-4803 NR 31 TC 383 Z9 386 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 678 EP 683 DI 10.1002/prot.20251 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 874LE UT WOS:000225351100004 PM 15390263 ER PT J AU Ju, YH Li, CJ Varma, RS AF Ju, YH Li, CJ Varma, RS TI Microwave-assisted Cu(I) catalyzed solvent-free three component coupling of aldehyde, alkyne and amine SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE three-component coupling; propargylamine; solventless; microwave ID C-H ACTIVATION; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUID; WATER; SILVER AB Direct Grignard type addition of terminal alkynes to in situ generated imines, from aldehydes and amines, occurs under microwave irradiation using CuBr alone in a one-pot operation. This solventless approach provides ready access to propargylamines and is applicable both to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Managmenet Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managmenet Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1002/qsar.200420034 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 885XV UT WOS:000226191600010 ER PT J AU Tsuji, JS Benson, R Schoof, RA Hook, GC AF Tsuji, JS Benson, R Schoof, RA Hook, GC TI Response to additional support for derivation of an acute subchronic reference level for arsenic SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; TRIOXIDE C1 Exponent, Bellevue, WA USA. US EPA, Denver, CO USA. Integral Consulting, Mercer Isl, WA USA. Denver Dept Environm Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Tsuji, JS (reprint author), Exponent, Bellevue, WA USA. EM tsujij@exponent.com; benson.bob@epamail.epa.gov; rschoof@integral-corp.com; gene.hook@ci.denver.co.us NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 372 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.06.003 PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 877BC UT WOS:000225541800017 ER PT J AU Schoof, RA Tsuji, JS Benson, R Hook, GC AF Schoof, RA Tsuji, JS Benson, R Hook, GC TI Response to Byrd et al. (2004) comment on health effect levels for risk assessment of childhood exposure to arsenic SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Integral Consulting, Mercer Isl, WA USA. Exponent, Bellevue, WA USA. US EPA, Denver, CO USA. Denver Dept Environm Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Schoof, RA (reprint author), Integral Consulting, Mercer Isl, WA USA. EM rschoof@integral-corp.com; tsujij@exponent.com; benson.bob@epamail.epa.gov; gene.hook@ci.denver.co.us NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 374 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.07.010 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 877BC UT WOS:000225541800019 ER PT J AU Stiber, NA Small, MJ Pantazidou, M AF Stiber, NA Small, MJ Pantazidou, M TI Site-specific updating and aggregation of Bayesian belief network models for multiple experts SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian networks; combining multiple expert beliefs; environmental decision making; expert systems; reductive dechlorination ID COMBINING PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS AB A method for combining multiple expert opinions that are encoded in a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model is presented and applied to a problem involving the cleanup of hazardous chemicals at a site with contaminated groundwater. The method uses Bayes Rule to update each expert model with the observed evidence, then uses it again to compute posterior probability weights for each model. The weights reflect the consistency of each model with the observed evidence, allowing the aggregate model to be tailored to the particular conditions observed in the site-specific application of the risk model. The Bayesian update is easy to implement, since the likelihood for the set of evidence (observations for selected nodes of the BBN model) is readily computed by sequential execution of the BBN model. The method is demonstrated using a simple pedagogical example and subsequently applied to a groundwater contamination problem using an expert-knowledge BBN model. The BBN model in this application predicts the probability that reductive dechlorination of the contaminant trichlorethene (TCE) is occurring at a site-a critical step in the demonstration of the feasibility of monitored natural attenuation for site cleanup-given information on 14 measurable antecedent and descendant conditions. The predictions for the BBN models for 21 experts are weighted and aggregated using examples of hypothetical and actual site data. The method allows more weight for those expert models that are more reflective of the site conditions, and is shown to yield an aggregate prediction that differs from that of simple model averaging in a potentially significant manner. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Civil Engn, Zografos, Greece. RP Stiber, NA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 8104R,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stiber.neil@epa.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1538 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00547.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 886NO UT WOS:000226235800011 PM 15660609 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM AF Crofton, KM TI Developmental disruption of thyroid hormone: Correlations with hearing dysfunction in rats SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE developmental thyroid disruption; endocrine disruptors; hearing loss ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MATERNAL HYPOTHYROXINEMIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; ENDEMIC CRETINISM; AROCLOR 1254 AB A wide variety of environmental contaminants adversely affect thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. Hypothyroidism and/or hypothyroxinemia during the early postnatal period in the rat leads to permanent structural damage and loss of function in the cochlea. A major uncertainty in assessing the risks of developmental exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) is the lack of a clear characterization of the dose-response relationship, especially in the lower region, between disruption of hormones and adverse consequences. The current work correlated early postnatal hypothyroxinemia with hearing loss in the adult rat. Linear regression was performed on the log transform for total serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations on postnatal day 14 or 21 versus dB(SPL) of hearing loss in adult animals developmentally exposed to TDCs. Regression analyses revealed a highly significant correlation between T4 concentration and hearing loss. In the rat, a 50-60% decrease in circulating T4 was needed to significantly impact hearing function. This correlation suggests that T4 serum concentrations at 14 or 21 days of postnatal age may be a good predictive biomarker in rodents of the adverse consequence of developmental exposure to TDCs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 74 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1665 EP 1671 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00557.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 886NO UT WOS:000226235800021 PM 15660619 ER PT J AU Clark, LH Setzer, RW Barton, HA AF Clark, LH Setzer, RW Barton, HA TI Framework for evaluation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for use in safety or risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE model evaluation; PBPK models; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment ID MULTICOMPARTMENT GEOMETRIC MODEL; ENDOCRINE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; GAS UPTAKE; INHALATION PHARMACOKINETICS; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION TOXICOKINETICS; ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS AB Proposed applications of increasingly sophisticated biologically-based computational models, such as physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models, raise the issue of how to evaluate whether the models are adequate for proposed uses, including safety or risk assessment. A six-step process for model evaluation is described. It relies on multidisciplinary expertise to address the biological, toxicological, mathematical, statistical, and risk assessment aspects of the modeling and its application. The first step is to have a clear definition of the purpose(s) of the model in the particular assessment; this provides critical perspectives on all subsequent steps. The second step is to evaluate the biological characterization described by the model structure based on the intended uses of the model and available information on the compound being modeled or related compounds. The next two steps review the mathematical equations used to describe the biology and their implementation in an appropriate computer program. At this point, the values selected for the model parameters (i.e., model calibration) must be evaluated. Thus, the fifth step is a combination of evaluating the model parameterization and calibration against data and evaluating the uncertainty in the model outputs. The final step is to evaluate specialized analyses that were done using the model, such as modeling of population distributions of parameters leading to population estimates for model outcomes or inclusion of early pharmacodynamic events. The process also helps to define the kinds of documentation that would be needed for a model to facilitate its evaluation and implementation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 97 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1697 EP 1717 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00561.x PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 886NO UT WOS:000226235800025 PM 15660623 ER PT J AU Meade, J Patnode, K Davis, C AF Meade, J Patnode, K Davis, C TI Handbook of ecotoxicology SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Meade, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1755 EP 1756 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 886NO UT WOS:000226235800028 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR Schweiger, EW Bolgrien, DW Ismert, P Selle, T AF Angradi, TR Schweiger, EW Bolgrien, DW Ismert, P Selle, T TI Bank stabilization, riparian land use and the distribution of large woody debris in a regulated reach of the upper Missouri River, North Dakota, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; snags; Missouri River ecosystem; flow regulation; bank stabilization; riparian; riprap ID FLUVIAL PROCESSES; HABITAT; VEGETATION; DOWNSTREAM; FLOODPLAIN; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; STREAMS; FRANCE; DAMS AB Large woody debris (LWD) is an important component of ecosystem structure and function in large floodplain rivers. We examined associations between LWD distribution and riparian land use, bank stabilization (e.g. riprap revetment), local channel geomorphology, and distance downriver from the dam in the Garrison Reach, a regulated reach of the upper Missouri River in North Dakota, USA. We conducted a survey of shoreline-associated LWD in the reach during typical summer flow conditions. Reach-wide LWD density was 21.3 pieces km(-1) of shoreline, of which most pieces (39%) were 'beached' between the waterline and the bankfull level, 31% of pieces had evidence of originating at their current location (anchored), 18% of pieces were in deep water (>1 m), and 13% were in shallow water. LWD density along unstabilized alluvial (sand/silt) shorelines (27.3 pieces km(-1)) was much higher than along stabilized shorelines (7.2 pieces km(-1)). LWD density along forested shorelines (40.1 pieces km-1) was higher than along open (e.g. rangeland, crop land; 9.2 pieces km(-1)) or developed (e.g. residential, industrial; 7.8 pieces km(-1)) shorelines, LWD density was highest overall along unstabilized, forested shorelines (45 pieces km(-1)) and lowest along open or developed shorelines stabilized With a blanket-rock revetment (5.5 pieces km(-1)). Bank stabilization nearly eliminated the positive effect of riparian forest on LWD density. A predicted longitudinal increase in LWD density with distance from the dam was detected only for deep LWD (including snags) along unstabilized alluvial shorelines. Partial resurvey in the summer following the initial survey revealed a reduction in total LWD density in the reach that we attribute to an increase in summer flow between years. Changes in riparian management and land use could slow the loss of LWD-related ecosystem services. However, restoration of a natural LWD regime in the Missouri River would require naturalization of the hydrograph and modification of existing bank stabilization and channel engineering structures. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Denver, CO 80202 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 999 18th St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM arkgradi.theodore@epa.gov NR 58 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7 BP 829 EP 846 DI 10.1002/rra.797 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 880HW UT WOS:000225780600006 ER PT J AU Drobna, Z Waters, SB Walton, FS LeCluyse, EL Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Drobna, Z Waters, SB Walton, FS LeCluyse, EL Thomas, DJ Styblo, M TI Interindividual variation in the metabolism of arsenic in cultured primary human hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; metabolism; methylation; variation; human; hepatocyte; cyt19 ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; IN-VITRO METHYLATION; CYTOCHROME-P450 EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; RABBIT LIVER; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; RAT HEPATOCYTES; METHYLTRANSFERASE AB Liver is a prime site for conversion of inorganic arsenic (iAs) to methylated metabolites, including methylarsenicals (MAs) and dimethylarsenicals (DMAs). To assess interindividual variation in the capacity of liver to metabolize iAs, we examined the metabolic fate of arsenite (iAs(III)) in normal primary human hepatocytes obtained from eight donors and cultured under standard conditions. Methylation rates, yields, and distribution of arsenicals were determined for hepatocytes exposed to 0.3-30 nmol of iAs(III)/mg of protein for 24 h. Although the accumulation of arsenic (As) by cells was a linear function of the initial concentration of iAs(III) in culture, the concentration of As retained in cells varied several fold among donors. DMAs was the major methylated metabolite found in cultures exposed to low concentrations of iAs l; at higher concentrations, MAs was always predominant. Maximal rates for methylation of iAs(III) were usually attained at 3 or 9 nmol of iA(III)/mg of protein and varied about 7-fold among donors. For most donors, the methylation rate decreased at the highest iAs(III) concentrations. MAs was the major methylated metabolite retained in cells regardless of exposure level. DMAs was the major methylated metabolite found in medium. The interindividual differences in rates for iAs(III) methylation were not strictly associated with variations in basal mRNA levels for cyt19, an As-methyltransferase. Analysis of the coding sequence of cytl9 identified one heterozygote with Met287Thr mutation in a single allele. Thus, genetic polymorphism of cyt19 along with other cellular factors is likely responsible for interindividual differences in the capacity of primary human hepatocytes to retain and metabolize iAs (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Drug Delivery & Disposit, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Branch,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 3312B MBRB,CB 7224, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu OI LeCluyse, Edward/0000-0002-2149-8990 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09941] NR 50 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 201 IS 2 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.004 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 874GD UT WOS:000225338000009 PM 15541756 ER PT J AU Kentula, ME Gwin, SE Pierson, SM AF Kentula, ME Gwin, SE Pierson, SM TI Tracking changes in wetlands with urbanization: Sixteen years of experience in Portland, Oregon, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Urban Wetlands CY MAY 20-21, 2002 CL Portland, OR DE urban wetlands; mitigation; Portland; Oregon ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; SAN-DIEGO BAY; HYDROGEOMORPHIC CLASSIFICATION; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; WATER WETLANDS; SALT MARSHES; AREA; WASHINGTON; INVASION; URBAN AB Long-term studies are essential to understanding the effects of urbanization on wetlands and the effectiveness of management actions. Using data from the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) in combination with GIS analyses and field surveys, we tracked changes over 16 years (1982-1998) in small (less than or equal to2 ha), palustrine emergent/open water wetlands (PEM/POW) in Portland, Oregon, USA. Wetlands identified on NWI maps and that had not been converted to other land uses at the time of the 1992 survey were surveyed in 1998. Data were collected on 164 of the 171 wetlands in the target population. Despite development pressure throughout the 1990s, loss of small PEM/POW wetlands slowed between 1992 and 1998, with only 6% of the sites being destroyed as compared to 40% between 1982 and 1992. Of 11 sites that were not identifiable due to drought in 1992, eight had recovered with the return of typical rainfall; three had been destroyed. Most of the wetlands existing in 1998 were in hydrogeomorphic (HGM) classes atypical to the region due to human manipulation. Hydrologic modifications were observed on 60% of the sites, but on-site disturbances like mowing, dumping, and trail building had decreased since the 1992 survey. Over the time period studied, land uses adjacent to the study sites shifted from undeveloped and agricultural to urban and residential use. Reflecting the common occurrence of on- and off-site stressors and modifications, we rated the condition of only 11 % of the sites as good, with 46% fair and 43 % poor. Our results demonstrate the utility of combining field surveys with GIS analyses to track the status of wetland resources over time. The next challenge is to use such data to develop strategies to manage urban wetlands in ways that maintain and ultimately improve the condition of the resource. C1 US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Environm Serv Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Indus Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kentula, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kentula.mary@epa.gov RI Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 NR 48 TC 34 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 44 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 734 EP 743 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0734:TCIWWU]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886WW UT WOS:000226264700003 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Nowicki, B Wigand, C AF Davis, JL Nowicki, B Wigand, C TI Denitrification in fringing salt marshes of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED NITRIFICATION-DENITRIFICATION; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; POTAMOGETON-PERFOLIATUS; NATURAL-WATERS; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; ENHANCEMENT; ENRICHMENT; OXIDATION AB In the past century, loading of terrestrial inorganic nitrogen to coastal receiving waters has increased dramatically. Salt marshes, because of their location between upland regions and coastal waters and their recognized role as nutrient transformers, have the potential to ameliorate some of this loading. In the current study, we used core incubations in the laboratory to investigate denitrification rates in high marsh soils from five fringing salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. The marshes showed a wide variety of terrestrial N loading, with rates ranging from 2 to 6037 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Field-collected cores were selected to include both vegetated and bare soils at each marsh, and the six-hour incubations were designed to approximate natural tidal rhythms. Total dissolved nitrogen flux in these marshes ranged between + 1255 and -710 mumol N m(-2) hr(-1), with N-2 gas accounting for the majority of the total N flux (average 76%). Nitrogen gas flux ranged between -375 (nitrogen fixation) and +420 (denitrification) mumol N-2 m(-2) hr(-1). While N-2 gas fluxes were significantly correlated (r = +0.64, p < 0.05) with marsh organic carbon content, we also detected a significant inverse relationship (r = -0.91, P < 0.05) between average N-2 gas fluxes and terrestrial nitrogen loads. Comparison of N-2 gas fluxes in vegetated vs. bare soils indicated a significant (p < 0.05) but variable effect of vegetation on N-2 flux. This field survey shows the potential of New England fringe salt marshes to intercept and transform land-derived nitrogen loads; however, sediment characteristics (e.g., percent of labile organic matter) and plant community structure can significantly affect the capacity of the marsh to process inorganic nitrogen loads. In order to understand the role of salt marshes in buffering coastal N loading, we need a better understanding of the natural and anthropogenic factors controlling denitrification and net N losses. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29028 USA. EM jenny.davis@msci.sc.edu NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 870 EP 878 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0870:DIFSMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886WW UT WOS:000226264700016 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Glatt, SM Williams, SR AF McKinney, RA Glatt, SM Williams, SR TI Allometric length-weight relationships for benthic prey of aquatic wildlife in coastal marine habitats SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometric scaling; aquatic wildlife; energy-based carrying capacity; marine invertebrates ID MORPHOLOGICAL TRADE-OFFS; SCOTTISH SEA LOCHS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; SHELL ALLOMETRY; CONDITION INDEX; FORAGING THEORY; CARBON BUDGET; GROWTH-RATES; BODY-WEIGHT AB We developed models to estimate the soft tissue content of benthic marine invertebrates that are prey for aquatic wildlife. Allometric regression models of tissue wet weight with shell length for 10 species of benthic invertebrates had r(2) values ranging from 0.29 for hermit crabs Pagurus longicarpus to 0.98 for green crabs Carcinus maenas. As a class, bivalves had the highest r(2) values (0.84) and crustaceans the lowest (0.48). Energy and nutrient content of soft tissue is also presented for the 10 benthic species. The energy content was lowest in crabs, and ranged within 2.20-4.71 kcal g(-1) dry weight. Fat content was highly variable (range: 3.5-16.0%), and protein content ranged within 43.1-68.1% and was highest for shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. Comparison between classes of organisms of the amount of soft tissue per unit shell length showed that crustaceans yield five times more soft tissue per unit shell length than bivalves. and four times more than gastropods. The models we present use simple measures, such as the length of shell or wet weight of the entire animal, to quantitatively estimate the amount of available soft tissue in benthic prey that are usually consumed in total (with shell and soft tissue intact) but for which only the soft tissue is used for nutritional gain. This information can be combined with energy and nutrient content data to calculate energy or nutrient based carrying capacities that can help assess available resources for shorebirds. waterfowl and marine mammals. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Life Sci, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM smcwilliams@uri.edu NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 883DX UT WOS:000225991700001 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Selective oxidation of alcohols over vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst using hydrogen peroxide SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE alcohol oxidation; vanadium phosphorus oxide; hydrogen peroxide; acetonitrile; aldehydes; ketones; redox oxidation cycle ID HIGHLY EFFICIENT OXIDATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; VPO CATALYSTS; MIXED OXIDES; ALDEHYDES; KETONES; MONTMORILLONITE; HYDROTALCITE AB Oxidation of various alcohols is studied in the liquid phase under nitrogen atmosphere over vanadium phosphorus oxide catalyst in an environmental friendly protocol using hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst and the method are found to be suitable for the selective oxidation of a variety of secondary aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic alcohols to the corresponding ketones. The catalyst is soluble in the reaction mixture; however, it could be re-used by the addition of new batch of substrate along with the solvent and oxidant to the previous reaction mixture. The reaction mechanism is expected to involve a redox cycle in which V(4+) in combination with dynamic V(5+) sites are acting as the active centers. The active V(4+) phase is expected to be a vanadium complex with oxo and phospho ligands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS-443,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.07.052 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871EI UT WOS:000225111700017 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Park, RJ Jacob, DJ Li, QB Kilaru, V Sarnat, JA AF Liu, Y Park, RJ Jacob, DJ Li, QB Kilaru, V Sarnat, JA TI Mapping annual mean ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical thickness over the contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE MISR AOT; GEOS-CHEM; PM2.5 ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SATELLITE DATA; GOCART MODEL; DUST; QUALITY; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT; DEPTH; OCEAN; MASS AB [1] We present a simple approach to estimating ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles smaller than 2.5 mm in diameter) concentrations by applying local scaling factors from a global atmospheric chemistry model (GEOS-CHEM with GOCART dust and sea salt data) to aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved by the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR). The resulting MISR PM2.5 concentrations are compared with measurements from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) PM2.5 compliance network for the year 2001. Regression analyses show that the annual mean MISR PM2.5 concentration is strongly correlated with EPA PM2.5 concentration ( correlation coefficient r = 0.81), with an estimated slope of 1.00 and an insignificant intercept, when three potential outliers from Southern California are excluded. The MISR PM2.5 concentrations have a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.20 mug/m(3), which corresponds to a relative error (RMSE over mean EPA PM2.5 concentration) of approximately 20%. Using simulated aerosol vertical profiles generated by the global models helps to reduce the uncertainty in estimated PM2.5 concentrations due to the changing correlation between lower and upper tropospheric aerosols and therefore to improve the capability of MISR AOT in estimating surface-level PM2.5 concentrations. The estimated seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations exhibited substantial uncertainty, particularly in the west. With improved MISR cloud screening algorithms and the dust simulation of global models, as well as a higher model spatial resolution, we expect that this approach will be able to make reliable estimation of seasonal average surface- level PM2.5 concentration at higher temporal and spatial resolution. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP ENVIRON, 4350 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM yliu@environcorp.com RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012 OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234 NR 37 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D22 AR D22206 DI 10.1029/2004JD005025 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 875OL UT WOS:000225430000005 ER PT J AU Miki, K Qu, WD Goulding, EH Willis, WD Bunch, DO Strader, LF Perreault, SD Eddy, EM O'Brien, DA AF Miki, K Qu, WD Goulding, EH Willis, WD Bunch, DO Strader, LF Perreault, SD Eddy, EM O'Brien, DA TI Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-S, a sperm-specific glycolytic enzyme, is required for sperm motility and male fertility SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glycolysis; gene targeting; infertility ID MOUSE SPERMATOGENIC CELLS; HYPERACTIVATED MOTILITY; MAMMALIAN SPERMATOZOA; TARGETED DISRUPTION; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; ACROSOME REACTION; ZONA-PELLUCIDA; GENE; TESTIS; GLUCOSE AB Although glycolysis is highly conserved, it is remarkable that several unique isozymes in this central metabolic pathway are found in mammalian sperm. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-S (GAPDS) is the product of a mouse gene expressed only during spermatogenesis and, like its human ortholog (GAPD2), is the sole GAPDH isozyme in sperm. It is tightly bound to the fibrous sheath, a cytoskeletal structure that extends most of the length of the sperm flagellum. We disrupted Gapds expression by gene targeting to selectively block sperm glycolysis and assess its relative importance for in vivo sperm function. Gapds(-/-) males were infertile and had profound defects in sperm motility, exhibiting sluggish movement without forward progression. Although mitochondrial oxygen consumption was unchanged, sperm from Gapds(-/-) mice had ATP levels that were only 10.4% of those in sperm from WT mice. These results imply that most of the energy required for sperm motility is generated by glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the critical role of glycolysis in sperm and its dependence on this sperm-specific enzyme suggest that GAPDS is a potential contraceptive target, and that mutations or environmental agents that disrupt its activity could lead to male infertility. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Reprod Biol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIEHS, Gamete Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP O'Brien, DA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Reprod Biol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dao@med.unc.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [TW/HD00627]; NICHD NIH HHS [U54 HD35041, U54 HD035041] NR 41 TC 308 Z9 322 U1 1 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 47 BP 16501 EP 16506 DI 10.1073/pnas.0407708101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 874JT UT WOS:000225347400024 PM 15546993 ER PT J AU Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Korte, JJ Leino, RL Butterworth, BC Ankley, GT AF Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Korte, JJ Leino, RL Butterworth, BC Ankley, GT TI Characterization of responses to the antiandrogen flutamide in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flutamide; fathead minnow; antiandrogen; endocrine disruption; reproduction ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; MALE RATS; VINCLOZOLIN; EXPOSURE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; DIFFERENTIATION; ENDOCRINOLOGY; VITELLOGENIN; RETICULATA AB A short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) has been developed to detect chemicals with the potential to disrupt reproductive endocrine function controlled by estrogen- and androgen-mediated pathways. The objective of this study was to use the assay to characterize responses of fathead minnow reproductive endocrinology and physiology to the mammalian antiandrogen, flutamide. Male and female fish were exposed to nominal (target) concentrations of 50 and 500 mug flutamide/l for 21-days, following which plasma steroid and vitellogenin concentrations were determined and gonadal morphology assessed. Fecundity of the fish was significantly reduced by exposure to a measured test concentration of 651 mug flutamide/l. In addition, embryo hatch was significantly reduced at this concentration. Qualitative histological assessment of ovaries from females exposed to flutamide indicated a decrease in mature oocytes and an increase in atretic follicles. Testes of males exposed to flutamide exhibited spermatocyte degeneration and necrosis. Concentration-dependent increases in plasma testosterone and vitellogenin concentrations were observed in the females. Flutamide also altered reproductive endocrinology of male fathead minnows. Males exposed to 651 mug flutamide/l exhibited elevated concentrations of beta-estradiol and vitellogenin. In summary, the results of this study with the fathead minnow demonstrate that flutamide affects reproductive endocrine function in fish and that the type of hormonal pattern and histopathology effects observed are consistent with an antiandrogenic mode-of-action. Consequently, our findings suggest that the 21-day reproduction assay utilizing fathead minnows is a sensitive short-term screening method for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including antiandrogens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Jensen, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM jensen.kathleen@epa.gov NR 38 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV 18 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.06.012 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 872JQ UT WOS:000225203900001 PM 15522428 ER PT J AU Arcasoy, MO Hanlon, P Fu, P Steenbergen, C Murphy, E AF Arcasoy, MO Hanlon, P Fu, P Steenbergen, C Murphy, E TI Mechanisms of erythropoietin-mediated cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury: Role of protein kinase C signaling. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 2907 BP 794A EP 795A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127502908 ER PT J AU Banasiewicz, M Nelson, G Swank, A Grubor, N Ross, J Nesnow, S Kofeler, H Small, GJ Jankowiak, R AF Banasiewicz, M Nelson, G Swank, A Grubor, N Ross, J Nesnow, S Kofeler, H Small, GJ Jankowiak, R TI Identification and quantitation of benzo[a]pyrene-derived DNA adducts formed at low adduction level in mice lung tissue SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzo[a]pyrene; benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide; fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy; DNA adducts ID DIASTEREOMERIC BENZOPYRENE 7,8-DIOL-9,10-EPOXIDES; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CARCINOGENESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RAS ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; DIOL-EPOXIDE; OPTICAL ENANTIOMERS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; MARKED DIFFERENCES AB The two major metabolic pathways of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) that lead to DNA lesions are monooxygenation that results in diolepoxides (BPDE) and one-electron oxidation that yields a BP radical cation. These pathways result in formation of stable and depurinating DNA adducts, respectively. Most in vivo animal studies with BP, however, have employed dosage/DNA adduct levels several orders of magnitude higher than the DNA damage level expected from environmentally relevant exposures. Presented are results of experiments in which A/J strain mice were intraperitoneally exposed to 50-mug/g doses of BP. It is shown that non-line-narrowed fluorescence and fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopies possess the selectivity and sensitivity to distinguish between helix-external, base-stacked, and intercalated conformations of DNA-BPDE adducts formed in lung tissue. Concentrations measured by P-32 post- labeling 2 and 3 days after intraperitoneal injection were 420-430 and 600-830 amol BPDE-type adducts per mug DNA. The external and base-stacked conformations are attributed mainly to (+)-trans-anti-BPDE-N(2)dG and the intercalated conformations to (+)-cis-anti adducts. A stable adduct derived from 9-OH-BP-4,5-epoxide was also detected at a concentration about a factor of 10 lower than the above concentrations. The DNA supernatants were analyzed for the presence of depurinating BP-derived adducts by capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Jankowiak, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jankowiak@ameslab.gov RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 FU NCI NIH HHS [2PO1 CA49210-12] NR 62 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 334 IS 2 BP 390 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.006 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 866ZK UT WOS:000224811700022 PM 15494147 ER PT J AU Bostwick, DG Burke, HB Djakiew, D Euling, S Ho, SM Landolph, J Morrison, H Sonawane, B Shifflett, T Waters, DJ Timms, B AF Bostwick, DG Burke, HB Djakiew, D Euling, S Ho, SM Landolph, J Morrison, H Sonawane, B Shifflett, T Waters, DJ Timms, B TI Human prostate cancer risk factors SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE prostate cancer; risk; diet; genetics; environment; epidemiology; animal models; cell culture; pathology; prostatic neoplasms ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR GENE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CARCINOMA-CELL-LINES; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; LOBUND-WISTAR RATS; MALIGNANT HUMAN-PROSTATE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION AB Prostate cancer has the highest prevalence of any nonskin cancer in the human body, with similar likelihood of neoplastic foci found within the prostates of men around the world regardless of diet, occupation, lifestyle, or other factors. Essentially all men with circulating androgens will develop microscopic prostate cancer if they live long enough. This review is a contemporary and comprehensive, literature-based analysis of the putative risk factors for human prostate cancer, and the results were presented at a multidisciplinary consensus conference held in Crystal City, Virginia, in the fall of 2002. The objectives were to evaluate known environmental factors and mechanisms of prostatic carcinogenesis and to identify existing data gaps and future research needs. The review is divided into four sections, including 1) epidemiology (endogenous factors [family history, hormones, race, aging and oxidative stress] and exogenous factors [diet, environmental agents, occupation and other factors, including lifestyle factors]); 2) animal and cell culture models for prediction of human risk (rodent models, transgenic models, mouse reconstitution models, severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome mouse models, canine models, xenograft models, and cell culture models); 3) biomarkers in prostate cancer, most of which have been tested only as predictive factors for patient outcome after treatment rather than as risk factors; and 4) genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The authors conclude that most of the data regarding risk relies, of necessity, on epidemiologic studies, but animal and cell culture models offer promise in confirming some important findings. The current understanding of biomarkers of disease and risk factors is limited. An understanding of the risk factors for prostate cancer has practical importance for public health research and policy, genetic and nutritional education and chemoprevention, and prevention strategies. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Bostwick Labs, Richmond, VA 23294 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Cell Biol, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Urol, Dept Surg, Worcester, MA USA. Keck Sch Med, Canc Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Radford Univ, Dept English, Radford, VA USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Gerald P Murphy Canc Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Vermillion, SD USA. RP Bostwick, DG (reprint author), Bostwick Labs, 2807 N Parham Rd, Richmond, VA 23294 USA. EM bostwick@bostwicklaboratories.com NR 1544 TC 263 Z9 267 U1 6 U2 67 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 10 SU S BP 2371 EP 2490 DI 10.1002/cncr.20408 PG 120 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 871TM UT WOS:000225156500001 PM 15495199 ER PT J AU Brown, P Rau, EH Lemieux, P Johnson, BK Bacote, AE Gajdusek, DC AF Brown, P Rau, EH Lemieux, P Johnson, BK Bacote, AE Gajdusek, DC TI Infectivity studies of both ash and air emissions from simulated incineration of scrapie-contaminated tissues SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRION PROTEIN ACCUMULATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; BRAIN-TISSUE; AGENTS; BSE; INACTIVATION; SURVIVAL AB We investigated the effectiveness of 15 min exposures to 600 and 1000 degreesC in continuous flow normal and starved-air incineration-like conditionsto inactivate samples of pooled brain macerates from hamsters infected with the 263K strain of hamster-adapted scrapie with an infectivity titer in excess of 109 mean lethal doses (LD50) per g. Bioassays of the ash, outflow tubing residues, and vented emissions from heating 1 g of tissue samples yielded a total of two transmissions among 21 inoculated animals from the ash of a single specimen burned in normal air at 600 degreesC. No other ash, residue, or emission from samples heated at either 600 or 1000 degreesC, under either normal or starved-air conditions, transmitted disease. We conclude that at temperatures approaching 1000 degreesC under the air conditions and combustion times used in these experiments, contaminated tissues can be completely inactivated, with no release of infectivity into the environment from emissions. The extent to which this result can be realized in actual incinerators and other combustion devices will depend on equipment design and operating conditions during the heating process. C1 NINDS, Lab Cent Nervous Syst Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Environm Protect, Off Res Facil Dev & Operat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNRS, Inst Alfred Fessard, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NINDS, Lab Cent Nervous Syst Studies, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM paulwbrown@comcast.net FU PHS HHS [RW75938614] NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 22 BP 6155 EP 6160 DI 10.1021/es040301z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873IC UT WOS:000225272100046 PM 15575075 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Phenanthroline-stabilized palladium nanoparticles in polyethylene glycol - an active and recyclable catalyst system for the selective hydrogenation of olefins using molecular hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE palladium nanoparticles; phenanthroline; polyethylene glycol; olefin hydrogenation ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; NANOCLUSTERS; SIZE; GOLD AB 1,10-Phenanthroline-stabilized palladium nanoparticles dispersed in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix is synthesized which is found to be a stable and active catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of olefins using molecular hydrogen under mild reaction conditions. A variety of olefins are hydrogenated to their corresponding alkanes with good to excellent yield at room temperature. The catalyst is easily separable and recyclable. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, Clean Proc Branch, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sahle-Demessie.Endalkachew@epa.gov NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.07.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865RH UT WOS:000224719900016 ER PT J AU Smith, AC Kostka, JE Devereux, R Yates, DF AF Smith, AC Kostka, JE Devereux, R Yates, DF TI Seasonal composition and activity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotic communities in seagrass bed sediments SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dsr gene; seagrass; sulfate reduction; sediment geochemistry; sulfate-reducing bacteria ID FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; MULTIPLE LATERAL TRANSFERS; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ZOSTERA-NOLTII; SULFIDE CONCENTRATIONS; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM AB Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) play a key role in the carbon and nutrient cycles of coastal marine, vegetated ecosystems; however, the interactions of SRP communities with aquatic plants remain little studied. The abundance, activity, and community composition of SRP were studied in relation to sediment geochemical gradients and plant growth state in a Thalassia testudinum seagrass bed and in adjacent unvegetated areas. Geochemical analyses indicated significantly higher concentrations of microbial respiration products in vegetated sediments during summer than during winter. Depth-integrated sulfate reduction rates were 3 to 5 times higher in vegetated (52.5 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in summer and 20.4 to 26.5 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in winter) compared to unvegetated sediments (10.7 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in summer and 3.6 to 7.6 unnol m(-2) d(-1) in winter), and depth-integrated activities further showed a strong correlation with seagrass biomass. Most probable number (MPN) counts of SRP were 10 times higher in vegetated compared to unvegetated sites in the summer during the period of maximum growth for seagrasses, whereas no difference was observed for counts between sites during the winter. The community composition of SRP was determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening and amino acid sequence comparisons inferred from partial dissimilatory bisulfite reductase (dsrA and B) genes that were PCR-amplified and cloned from DNA extracted from sediment samples. The majority of unique DSR sequences were not affiliated with any known SRP group, and clustered at levels indicative of new SRP. Some DSR sequences grouped on the basis of originating from vegetated or unvegetated sediments, although the relationship did not appear to be strong. The diversity of SRP in seagrass bed sediments, as indicated by dsr analysis, was high and did not appear to covary with the other environmental parameters tested. Our results indicate that seagrass growth state enhances the abundance and activity of SRP, while SRP community composition remains relatively stable across the environmental parameters tested. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Kostka, JE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jkostka@ocean.fsu.edu NR 61 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.3354/ame037183 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 876NL UT WOS:000225503700007 ER PT J AU Gillette, DA Pitchford, AM AF Gillette, DA Pitchford, AM TI Sand flux in the northern Chihuahuan desert, New Mexico, USA, and the influence of mesquite-dominated landscapes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE dust emissions; desert vegetation; sand transport; Chihuahuan desert; mesquite ID UNITED-STATES; DUST; VEGETATION; SALTATION; TRANSPORT; WIND AB [ 1] Measurements of sand flux over areas with different vegetation in the Chihuahuan desert show that mean, height-integrated, horizontal flux values for mesquite-dominated sites were higher than those for other kinds of vegetation. Sand transport over mesquite areas displayed seasonal variability for most years. This seasonal variability roughly followed the variability of strong winds. Sand transport rates for collectors within a short distance downwind of mesquite bushes were small compared to those for collectors at the end of streets ( elongated patches of bare soil) aligned with wind direction. The increased rate of sand transport ( wind erosion) associated with mesquite is important because mesquite-dominated areas are increasing in the northern Chihuahuan desert and are therefore responsible for increasing land degradation ( desertification). C1 NOAA, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Gillette, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Air Surface Proc Modeling Branch, Air Resources Lab, Page Rd,1-40,79 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gillette.dale@epa.gov; pitchford.ann@epa.gov NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD NOV 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS F4 AR F04003 DI 10.1029/2003JF000031 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 870CN UT WOS:000225031700001 ER PT J AU Cao, HP AF Cao, HP TI Expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of the antiinflammatory tristetraprolin: A zinc-dependent mRNA binding protein affected by posttranslational modifications SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint World Congress of the 2nd Human Proteomics Organization/19th International-Union-of-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology CY OCT 08-11, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol ID AU-RICH ELEMENT; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; KINASE P38; DOMAIN; GENE; PHOSPHORYLATION; DEADENYLATION AB Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a hyperphosphorylated protein that destabilizes mRNA by binding to an AU-rich element (ARE). Mice deficient in TTP develop a severe inflammatory syndrome. The biochemical properties of TTP have not been adequately characterized, due to the difficulties in protein purification and lack of a high-titer antiserum. Full-length human TTP was expressed in human HEK293 cells and purified to at least 70% homogeneity. The purified protein was free of endogenous ARE binding activity, and was used for investigating its size, zinc dependency, and binding kinetics for tumor necrosis factor of mRNA ARE. A high-titer rabbit antiserum was raised against the MBP-hTTP fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Cellular localization studies of the transfected cells indicated that approximately 80% of the expressed TTP was in the cytosol, with 20% in the nuclei. TTP from both locations bound to the ARE and formed similar complexes. The purified TTP was shown to be intact by N-terminal His-tag purification, C-terminal peptide sequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis. Results from size exclusion chromatography are consistent with the predominant form of active TTP being a tetramer. TTP's ARE binding activity was increased by 10 muM Zn2+. The half-maximal binding of TTP from HEK293 cells was approximately 30 nM in assays containing 10 nM ARE. This value was about twice that of TTP from E. coli. TTP from HEK293 cells was highly phosphorylated, and its electrophoretic mobility was increased by alkaline phosphatase treatment and somewhat by T271A mutation, but not by PNGase F or S186A mutation. The gel mobility of TTP from E. coli was decreased by in vitro phosphorylation with p42/ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest that TTP's zinc-dependent ARE binding affinity is reduced by half by posttranslational modifications, mainly by phosphorylation but not by glycosylation, in mammalian cells. The results support a model in which each subunit of the TTP tetramer binds to one of the five overlapping UUAUUUAUU sequences of the ARE, resulting in a stable TTP-ARE complex. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Neurobiol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Neurobiol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Mail Drop F3-04,111 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cao2@niehs.nih.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Z01 ES090080-08]; PHS HHS [TAXP003505] NR 59 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 2 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 43 BP 13724 EP 13738 DI 10.1021/bi049014y PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 866TG UT WOS:000224795500012 PM 15504035 ER PT J AU Moffet, RC Shields, LG Berntsen, J Devlin, RB Prather, KA AF Moffet, RC Shields, LG Berntsen, J Devlin, RB Prather, KA TI Characterization of an ambient coarse particle concentrator used for human exposure studies: Aerosol size distributions, chemical composition, and concentration enrichment SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES; SINGLE PARTICLES; NORTH-CAROLINA; ACID AEROSOLS; TIME; MORTALITY; AMMONIUM; ATOFMS AB The goals of the experiments described herein involve determining in real time the size, concentration enrichment, and chemical composition of coarse-mode (> 2.5 mu m) and fine-mode (< 2.5 mu m) particles within the nonconcentrated and concentrated flows of a coarse particle concentrator used for human exposure studies. The coarse particle concentrator was intended to concentrate ambient particles in the PM10-2.5 size range before sending them into a human exposure chamber. The aerodynamic size and chemical composition of particles in the upstream and downstream flows of the concentrator were monitored with an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) for fixed time intervals over the course of three days. Based on the ATOFMS results, it was found that there was no change in the composition of the ten major particle types observed in the upstream and downstream flows of the concentrator under normal operating conditions. Furthermore, no new particle types were detected downstream that were not detected upstream of the concentrator. A characterization of the aerosol chemical composition and its dependence on sampling conditions is also discussed. Aerosol size distributions were measured with three aerodynamic particle-sizing (APS) instruments sampling simultaneously from different regions of the concentrator. The APS size distributions were used to scale ATOFMS data and measure the ambient concentration factors for the coarse particle concentrator and the exposure chamber. The average concentration factor (ratio of inlet number concentration to the outlet number concentration) for the particle concentrator was 60 +/- 17 for the 2.5-7.2 mu m size range before dilution and transport to the exposure chamber. It was observed that not only were coarse particles being concentrated but fine (< 2.5 mu m) particles were being concentrated as well, with concentration factors ranging from 2-46 for aerodynamic particle sizes from 0.54-2.5 mu m. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. TRC Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1123 EP 1137 DI 10.1080/027868290890344 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 869NP UT WOS:000224991600009 ER PT J AU Alavanja, MCR Dosemeci, M Samanic, C Lubin, J Lynch, CF Knott, C Barker, J Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Coble, J Thomas, K Blair, A AF Alavanja, MCR Dosemeci, M Samanic, C Lubin, J Lynch, CF Knott, C Barker, J Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP Coble, J Thomas, K Blair, A TI Pesticides and lung cancer risk in the agricultural health study cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung neoplasms; pesticides ID PHENOXY HERBICIDES; NONSMOKING WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; WORKERS; APPLICATORS; EXPOSURE; DIOXINS; IOWA; ACID AB The authors examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284 pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of lung cancer. Self-administered questionnaires were completed at enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 2001. A lung cancer standardized incidence ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.49) was observed overall, due in large part to a low cigarette smoking prevalence. Two widely used herbicides, metolachlor and pendimethalin (for low-exposed groups to four higher exposure categories: odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, 1.6, 1.2, 5.0; p(trend) = 0.0002; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.1, 4.4; p(trend) = 0.003, respectively), and two widely used insecticides, chlorpyrifos and diazinon (OR = 1.0, 1.1, 1.7, 1.9; p(trend) = 0.03; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.7, 3.7; p(trend) = 0.04, respectively), showed some evidence of exposure response for lung cancer. These excesses could not be explained by previously identified lung cancer risk factors. The usage levels in this cohort are considerably higher than those typically experienced by the general population. An excess risk among spouses directly exposed to pesticides could not be evaluated at this time. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. IMS Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 8000, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 NR 31 TC 77 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 9 BP 876 EP 885 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh290 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 865LC UT WOS:000224703600006 PM 15496540 ER PT J AU Geer, LA Cardello, N Dellarco, MJ Leighton, TJ Zendzian, RP Roberts, JD Buckley, TJ AF Geer, LA Cardello, N Dellarco, MJ Leighton, TJ Zendzian, RP Roberts, JD Buckley, TJ TI Comparative analysis of passive dosimetry and biomonitoring for assessing chlorpyrifos exposure in pesticide workers SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; dermal; exposure assessment; whole body dosimetry; biological monitoring; inhalation; pesticides ID DERMAL ABSORPTION; APPLICATORS AB Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the authority to regulate the use of pesticides to prevent unreasonable adverse human health effects associated with pesticide exposure. Accordingly, the EPA requires pesticide registrants to perform studies evaluating the potential for pesticide handler exposure. Data from five such studies that included exposure measurements based on both external measurements and biological monitoring were used to examine methods of assessment, routes and determinants of exposure and dose to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. Eighty workers across four job classes were included: mixer/loaders (M/L, n = 24), mixer/loader/applicators (M/L/A, n 37), applicators (A, n = 9) and re-entry scouts (RS, n = 10). Results showed that doses were highly variable and differed by job class (P<0.05) with median total (inhalation and dermal combined) exposure-derived absorbed doses (EDAD(tot)) of 129, 88, 85 and 45 mug/application for A, M/L/A, M/L and RS, respectively. Doses derived from the measurement of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP) in urine were similar in magnitude but differed in rank with median values of 275, 189, 122 and 97 mug/application for A, M/L, RS, and M/L/A, respectively. The relative contribution of dermal to inhalation exposure was examined by their ratio. The median ratios of exposure-derived absorbed dermal dose (EDAD(derm)) (assuming 3% absorption) to exposure-derived absorbed inhalation dose (EDAD(inh)) (assuming 100% absorption) across job classes were 1.7, 1.5, 0.44 and 0.18 for RS, M/L, A and M/L/A, respectively, with an overall median of 0.6. For 34 of 77 workers (44%), this ratio exceeded 1.0, indicating the significance of the dermal exposure pathway. Different dermal absorption factor (DAF) assumptions were examined by comparing EDAD(tot) to the biomarker-derived absorbed dose (BDAD) as a ratio where EDAD(tot) was calculated assuming a DAF of 1, 3 and 10%. Median ratios of 0.45, 0.71 and 1.28, respectively, were determined suggesting the DAF is within the range of 3-10%. A simple linear regression of urinary 3,5,6-TCP against EDAD(tot) indicates a positive association explaining 29% of the variability in the 3,5,6-TCP derived estimate of dose. A multiple linear regression model including the variables EDAD(derm), EDAD(inh) and application type explained 46% of the variability (R-2 = 0.46) in the urinary dose estimate. EDAD(derm), was marginally significant (P = 0.066) while EDAD(inh) was not (P = 0.57). The EDAD(derm) regression coefficient (0.0007) exceeded the coefficient for EDAD(inh) (0.00002) by a factor of 35. This study demonstrates the value of the pesticide registrant database for the purpose of evaluating pesticide worker exposure. It highlights the significance of the dermal exposure pathway and identifies the need for methods and research to close the gap between external and internal exposure measures. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Buckley, TJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tbuckley@jhsph.edu NR 44 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 8 BP 683 EP 695 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meh056 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 873HI UT WOS:000225270100004 PM 15516344 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Kornfeld, M Ream, W AF Shanks, OC Kornfeld, M Ream, W TI DNA and protein recovery from washed experimental stone tools SO ARCHAEOMETRY LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; ancient DNA; blood residues; protein analysis; lithics; stone tool function ID BLOOD RESIDUES; SEQUENCES; ARTIFACTS; EXTRACTION; ORIGIN; BONES AB Traces of protein and DNA are preserved on stone tools used to process animals. Previous research documents the identification of protein residues from tools sonicated in 5% ammonium hydroxide, but it remains untested whether the same treatment yields useable DNA. In this study we report both DNA and protein recovery using 5% ammonium hydroxide from residues on stone tools. We extracted 13-year-old residues from experimentally manufactured stone tools used to butcher a single animal. We also show that surface washing procedures typically used to curate stone tools remove only a small fraction of the DNA and protein deposited during animal butchery. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oregon State Univ, Genet Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Anthropol, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-813X J9 ARCHAEOMETRY JI Archaeometry PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 BP 663 EP 672 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2004.00181.x PN 4 PG 10 WC Archaeology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Chemistry; Geology GA 876JR UT WOS:000225493200012 ER PT J AU Lewis, CW Klouda, GA Ellenson, WD AF Lewis, CW Klouda, GA Ellenson, WD TI Radiocarbon measurement of the biogenic contribution to summertime PM-2.5 ambient aerosol in Nashville, TN SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE radiocarbon; PM-2.5; biogenic; source apportionment ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; PM2.5; TENNESSEE; TRACERS; OZONE; TEXAS; C-14 AB Radiocarbon (C-14) measurements performed on PM-2.5 samples collected near Nashville, TN from June 21 to July 133 1999, showed high levels of modern carbon, ranging from 56% to 80% of the total carbon in the samples. Radiocarbon measurements performed on dichloromethane extracts of a subset of the samples showed modern carbon levels that were on average only 9% smaller than those for total carbon. A new approach based on the Chapman-Richards model of tree growth was used to define the quantitative relationship between measurements of 'percent modern carbon' and inferred 'percent biogenic carbon'. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of evidence (including measurements of radiocarbon, organic carbon to elemental carbon ratios and organic tracer species, as well as results from chemical mass balance and air quality simulation modeling) in support of the importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in the Southeastern US during summer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lewis, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewis.charlesw@epa.gov NR 26 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 38 IS 35 BP 6053 EP 6061 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864SV UT WOS:000224654100016 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Rietkerk, M AF Mayer, AL Rietkerk, M TI The dynamic regime concept for ecosystem management and restoration SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dynamic regimes; ecosystem management; scale; alternative stable state; nonlinear ID SEMIARID GRAZING SYSTEMS; ALTERNATE STABLE STATES; SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHALLOW LAKES; CORAL-REEF; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; SHIFTS; THRESHOLDS AB Because the response of ecosystem patterns and processes to disturbance is rarely linear, the dynamic regime concept offers a more realistic construct than linear models for understanding ecosystems. Dynamic regimes, and shifts between them, have been reported for a diversity of ecosystem types (e.g., terrestrial, marine, aquatic) at a variety of scales (e.g., from small lakes to the global climate). Ecosystem regimes that are obvious at one scale may not be at another. Regimes are maintained by internal relationships and feedbacks between species, and these internal dynamics can interact with large-scale external forces (such as global weather patterns) and trigger shifts to alternative regimes. The dynamic regime concept is commonly used in ecosystem management, restoration, and sustainability efforts, in what are known as "state-and-transition," "threshold," or "alternative stable state" models. Here we review the application of this concept to ecosystem management and restoration, and discuss how dynamic processes at multiple scales can affect this application. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Environm Sci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mayer.audrey@epa.gov; m.rietkerk@geog.uu.nl RI Rietkerk, Max/H-6235-2011; OI Rietkerk, Max/0000-0002-2698-3848; Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 57 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1013 EP 1020 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[1013:TDRCFE]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 869GB UT WOS:000224970300010 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP Tuchman, ML AF Barbiero, RP Tuchman, ML TI Changes in the crustacean communities of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie following the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GREAT-LAKES; HARP LAKE; INVERTEBRATE PREDATION; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; LEPTODORA-KINDTII; SPECIES INVASION; MESOCYCLOPS-EDAX; PREY CONSUMPTION AB The crustacean zooplankton communities in Lakes Michigan and Huron and the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie have shown substantial, persistent changes since the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes in the mid-1980s. A number of cladoceran species have declined dramatically since the invasion, including Eubosmina coregoni, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia retrocurva, Daphnia pulicaria, and Leptodora kindti, and overall species richness has decreased as a result. Copepods have been relatively unaffected, with the notable exception of Meso cyclops edax, which has virtually disappeared from the lakes. These species shifts have for the most part been consistent and equally pronounced across all three lakes. Responses of crustacean species to the Bythotrephes invasion do not appear to be solely a consequence of size, and it is likely that other factors, e.g., morphology, vertical distribution, or escape responses, are important determinants of vulnerability to predation. Our results indicate that invertebrate predators in general, and invasive ones in particular, can have pronounced, lasting effects on zooplankton community structure. C1 DynCorp Sci & Engn Grp, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), DynCorp Sci & Engn Grp, 1359 W Elmdale Ave,Suite 2, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM gloeotri@sbcglobal.net NR 66 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 50 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 61 IS 11 BP 2111 EP 2125 DI 10.1139/f04-149 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898JO UT WOS:000227073300007 ER PT J AU Lan, Q Mumford, JL Shen, M DeMarini, DM Bonner, MR He, XZ Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Tian, LW Chapman, RS Zheng, TZ Keohavong, P Caporaso, N Rothman, N AF Lan, Q Mumford, JL Shen, M DeMarini, DM Bonner, MR He, XZ Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Tian, LW Chapman, RS Zheng, TZ Keohavong, P Caporaso, N Rothman, N TI Oxidative damage-related genes AKR1C3 and OGG1 modulate risks for lung cancer due to exposure to PAH-rich coal combustion emissions SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HOGG1 SER326CYS POLYMORPHISM; HYDROCARBON O-QUINONES; XUAN-WEI; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; DNA; CHINA; REPAIR; 8-HYDROXYGUANINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Lung cancer rates among men and particularly among women, almost all of whom are non-smokers, in Xuan Wei County, China are among the highest in China and have been causally associated with exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions that contain very high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). As such, this population provides a unique opportunity to study the pathogenesis of PAH-induced lung cancer that is not substantially influenced by the large number of other carcinogenic constituents of tobacco smoke. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) activate PAH dihydrodiols to yield their corresponding reactive and redox-active o-quinones, which can then generate reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative DNA damage. We therefore examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genes (AKR1C3-Gln5His, NQO1-Pro187Ser, MnSOD-Val16Ala and OGG1-Ser326Cys) that play a role in the generation, prevention or repair of oxidative damage and lung cancer risk in a population-based, case-control study of 119 cases and 113 controls in Xuan Wei, China. The AKR1C3-Gln/Gln genotype was associated with a 1.84-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-3.45] increased risk and the combined OGG1-Cys/Cys and Ser/Cys genotypes were associated with a 1.93-fold (95% CI = 1.12-3.34) increased risk of lung cancer. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effects were particularly elevated among women who had relatively high cumulative exposure to smoky coal. SNPs in MnSOD and NQO1 were not associated with lung cancer risk. These results suggest that SNPs in the oxidative stress related-genes AKR1C3 and OGG1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer in this population, particularly among heavily exposed women. However, due to the small sample size, additional studies are needed to evaluate these associations within Xuan Wei and other populations with substantial exposure to PAHs. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Lan, Q (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM qingl@mail.nih.gov RI Tian, Linwei/A-9736-2009 OI Tian, Linwei/0000-0002-4739-1534 NR 36 TC 104 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2177 EP 2181 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgh240 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 873AO UT WOS:000225251200019 PM 15284179 ER PT J AU Guo, Q Gao, GH Qian, SY Mason, RP AF Guo, Q Gao, GH Qian, SY Mason, RP TI Novel identification of a sulfur-centered, radical-derived 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide nitrone adduct formed from the oxidation of DTT by LC/ELISA, LC/electrospray ionization-MS, and LC/tandem MS SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINOLEIC-ACID HYDROPEROXIDE; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDES; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYTOCHROME-C; ONE-ELECTRON AB The detection of highly reactive free radicals generated in biological systems by an ESR spin-trapping technique is always difficult and limited due to the short lifetimes of ESR active spin-trapping radical adducts and poor structural information provided by ESR spectra. In this investigation, we have for the first time employed anti-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) polyclonal antiserum that specifically recognizes stable, ESR silent end products of DMPO radical adducts and combined HPLC with ELISA, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to separate and characterize DMPO nitrone adducts derived from free radical metabolites. When mireoperoxidase-11 (MP-11) reacted with DTT in the presence of DMPO with or without H2O2, we detected radical-derived DMPO nitrone adducts by ELISA. Similar results were obtained when MP-11 was replaced by hemin. To identify the DMPO nitrone adducts formed in both reaction systems, LC separation was carried out, and the fractions eluted from the LC column were collected and analyzed by ELISA. In both reaction mixtures, we found that only one peak with the same retention time showed a strong positive ELISA signal, suggesting that this peak was from radical-derived DMPO nitrone adducts and that both systems produced the same free radical metabolites. Using online LC/ESI-MS, LC/MS/MS, and H-1 NMR, we demonstrated that the DMPO nitrone adducts formed are from the DMPO adducts of the sulfur-centered radical of DTT. The successful application of LC/ELISA, LC/MS, and LC/MS/MS in this study makes it possible to separate and identify the stable DMPO nitrone adducts derived from free radical metabolites generated in biological systems. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Guo, Q (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM guo1@niehs.nih.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1481 EP 1490 DI 10.1021/tx049837o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 873ME UT WOS:000225283600010 PM 15540946 ER PT J AU Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M Moreno-Macias, H Reyes-Ruiz, NI Del Rio-Navarro, BE Ruiz-Navarro, MX Hatch, G Crissman, K Slade, R Devlin, RB Romieu, I AF Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M Moreno-Macias, H Reyes-Ruiz, NI Del Rio-Navarro, BE Ruiz-Navarro, MX Hatch, G Crissman, K Slade, R Devlin, RB Romieu, I TI Antioxidant supplementation and nasal inflammatory responses among young asthmatics exposed to high levels of ozone SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; childhood asthma; cytokines/interleukins; ozone ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; AIR-POLLUTION; VITAMIN-E; POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; GLUTATHIONE; BIOMARKERS; DEPLETION; INJURY; TOOL AB The inflammatory response to ozone in atopic asthma suggests that soluble mediators of inflammation are released in response to oxidant stress. Antioxidants may alleviate additional oxidative stress associated with photochemical oxidant pollution. This study investigates the impact of antioxidant supplementation on the nasal inflammatory response to ozone exposure in atopic asthmatic children. We conducted a randomized trial using a double-blinded design. Children with asthma (n = 117), residents of Mexico City, were given randomly a daily supplement of vitamins (50 mg/day of vitamin E and 250 mg/day of vitamin C) or placebo. Nasal lavages were performed three times during the 4-month follow-up and analysed for content of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, uric acid and glutathione (GSx). IL-6 levels in the nasal lavage were increased significantly in the placebo group after ozone exposure while no increase was observed in the supplement group. The difference in response to ozone exposure between the two groups was significant (P = 0.02). Results were similar for IL-8, but with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.12). GSx decreased significantly in both groups. Uric acid decreased slightly in the placebo group. Our data suggest that vitamin C and E supplementation above the minimum dietary requirement in asthmatic children with a low intake of vitamin E might provide some protection against the nasal acute inflammatory response to ozone. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ave Univ 655,Col Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. EM iromieu@correo.insp.mx RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 138 IS 2 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02606.x PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 863VY UT WOS:000224592700018 PM 15498043 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ O'Connor, RJ AF Lawler, JJ O'Connor, RJ TI How well do consistently monitored breeding bird survey routes represent the environments of the conterminous United States? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; elevation; northeastern deciduous forests; precipitation; predictive models; sampling; species abundance ID POPULATION DECLINES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; SONGBIRDS AB We investigated the degree to which consistently monitored Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) routes represented environmental conditions across the United States. Using 388 models of individual species distributions, we identified eight environmental variables to which birds were particularly sensitive. The nonproportional sampling of these variables would therefore have relatively large impacts on large-scale studies using BBS data. We then used a sampling grid to compare the distribution of these variables in grid cells with and without consistently surveyed BBS routes. We made comparisons nationally, within BBS-defined physiographic regions, and within U.S. states. Not surprisingly, given the geographic variation in the intensity of route coverage, areas with BBS routes differed from those without at a national scale. In general, higher elevations and drier climates were poorly represented by BBS routes, and northeastern deciduous forests were overrepresented. In contrast, we found few large differences within most BBS-defined physiographic regions and within most states. However, there were a few large differences in a small number of regions and states, many of which had relatively few BBS routes. We conclude that the weighting factors supplied by the BBS will likely address most differences in sampling densities at a national scale. However, for studies not using these weights, studies investigating specific subsets of the BBS data, and studies that include states with relatively few BBS routes, we strongly suggest resampling analyses to determine any bias incurred by uneven sampling and, if necessary, the subsequent development of study-specific weighting factors. C1 Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Ctr Publ Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2004 VL 106 IS 4 BP 801 EP 814 DI 10.1650/7472 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 869VS UT WOS:000225013200009 ER PT J AU Cummings, AM Kavlock, RJ AF Cummings, AM Kavlock, RJ TI Gene-environment interactions: A review of effects on reproduction and development SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR GENE; GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; NONSYNDROMIC CLEFT-LIP; EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS; CAG REPEAT-LENGTH; PESTICIDE FACTORY-WORKERS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME AB Polymorphisms in genes can lead to differences in the level of susceptibility of individuals to potentially adverse effects of environmental influences, such as chemical exposure, on prenatal development or male or female reproductive function. We have reviewed the literature in this area, with the caveat that papers involving straight gene knock-outs in experimental animals, without a clear human relevance, were largely excluded. This review represents current knowledge in this rapidly moving field, presenting both human epidemiological and animal data, where available. Among the polymorphic genes and environmental interactions discussed with respect to prenatal development are those for P-glycoprotein (multidrug resistance protein) and the avermectins; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme in folate metabolism, and dietary folic acid; transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and cigarette smoke; and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2EI in association with alcohol consumption. Effects on male reproduction attributable to gene-environment interaction involve infertility seen as a result of either organophosphorous (OP) pesticide interaction with the polymorphic paraoxonase (PON 1) gene or antiandrogenic agent interaction with the androgen receptor (AR). MTHFR, folate metabolism, and dietary folic acid are also considered in conjunction with preeclampsia and early pregnancy loss, and the effect of the interaction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) with exposure to benzene or cigarette smoke on pregnancy maintenance is explored. As a conclusion, we offer a discussion of lessons learned and suggested research needs. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cummings, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cummings.audrey@epa.gov NR 176 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 461 EP 485 DI 10.1080/10408440490519786 PG 25 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 869CN UT WOS:000224961100001 PM 15609483 ER PT J AU Lerner, JM Zucker, RM AF Lerner, JM Zucker, RM TI Calibration and validation of confocal spectral imaging systems SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Review DE confocal microscope; wavelength calibration; spectral calibration; spectral imaging; Zeiss; Leica; SKY; PARISS; quality assurance; validation; photomultiplier tube ID MICROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE AB Background: Confocal spectral imaging (CSI) microscopic systems currently on the market delineate multiple fluorescent proteins, labels, or dyes within biological specimens by performing spectral characterizations. However, some CSI systems have been found to present inconsistent spectral profiles of reference spectra within a particular system and between related and unrelated instruments. This variability confirms that there is a need for a standardized, objective calibration and validation protocol. Methods: Our protocol uses an inexpensive multi-ion discharge lamp (MIDL) that contains Hg+, Ar+, and inorganic fluorophores that emit distinct, stable, spectral features in place of a sample. We derived reference spectra from the MIDL data to accurately predict the spectral resolution, ratio of wavelength to wavelength, contrast, and aliasing parameters of any CSI system. We were also able to predict and confirm the influence of pinhole diameter on spectral profiles. Results: Using this simulation, we determined that there was good agreement between observed and theoretical expectations, thus enabling us to identify malfunctioning subsystems. We examined eight CSI systems and one non-confocal spectral system, all of which displayed spectral inconsistencies. No instrument met its optimal performance expectations. In two systems, we established the need for factory realignment that had not been otherwise recognized. Conclusions: We found that using a primary light source that emits an absolute standard "reference spectrum" enabled us to diagnose instrumental errors and measure accuracy and reproducibility under normalized conditions. With this information, a CSI operator can determine whether a CSI system is working optimally and make objective comparisons with the performance of other CSI systems. We determined that, if CSI systems were standardized to produce the same spectral profile of a MIDL lamp, researchers could be confident that the same experimental findings would be obtained on any CSI system. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 LightForm Inc, Hillsborough, NJ 08844 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lerner, JM (reprint author), LightForm Inc, 601 Route 206,Suite 26-479, Hillsborough, NJ 08844 USA. EM jlerner@lightforminc.com NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD NOV PY 2004 VL 62A IS 1 BP 8 EP 34 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20087 PG 27 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 870TG UT WOS:000225080500002 PM 15468110 ER PT J AU Gulson, BL Mizon, KJ Palmer, JM Korsch, MJ Taylor, AJ Mahaffey, KR AF Gulson, BL Mizon, KJ Palmer, JM Korsch, MJ Taylor, AJ Mahaffey, KR TI Blood lead changes during pregnancy and postpartum with calcium supplementation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; bone remodeling; calcium supplementation; lead; lead isotopes; postpartum; pregnancy ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SOCIOECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED POPULATION; MATERNAL SKELETON; LACTATING WOMEN; BREAST-MILK; MEXICO-CITY; DIETARY; MOBILIZATION; HOMEOSTASIS; ISOTOPE AB Pregnancy and lactation are times of physiologic stress during which bone turnover is accelerated. Previous studies have demonstrated that there is increased mobilization of lead from the maternal skeleton at this time and that calcium supplementation may have a protective effect. Ten immigrants to Australia were provided with either calcium carbonate or a complex calcium supplement (similar to 1 g/day) during pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum. Two immigrant subjects who did not conceive acted as controls. Sampling involved monthly venous blood samples throughout pregnancy and every 2 months postpartum, and quarterly environmental samples and 6-day duplicate diets. The geometric mean blood lead at the time of first sampling was 2.4 mug/dL (range, 1.4-6.5). Increases in blood lead during the third trimester, corrected for hematocrit, compared with the minimum value observed, varied from 10 to 50%, with a geometric mean of 25%. The increases generally occurred at 6-8 months gestation, in contrast with that found for a previous cohort, characterized by very low calcium intakes, where the increases occurred at 3-6 months. Large increases in blood lead concentration were found during the postpartum period compared with those during pregnancy; blood lead concentrations increased by between 30 and 95% (geometric mean 65%; n = 8) from the minimum value observed during late pregnancy. From late pregnancy through postpartum, there were significant increases in the lead isotopic ratios from the minimum value observed during late pregnancy for 3 of 8 subjects (p < 0.01). The observed changes are considered to reflect increases in mobilization of lead from the skeleton despite calcium supplementation. The identical isotopic ratios in maternal and cord blood provide further confirmation of placental transfer of lead. The extra flux released from bone during late pregnancy and postpartum varies from 50 to 380 mug lead (geometric mean, 145 mug lead) compared with 330 mug lead in the previous cohort. For subjects replete in calcium, the delay in increase in blood lead and halving of the extra flux released from bone during late pregnancy and postpartum may provide less lead exposure to the developing fetus and newly born infant. Nevertheless, as shown in several other studies on calcium relationships with bone turnover, calcium supplementation appears to provide limited benefit for lead toxicity during lactation. C1 Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. CSIRO, Div Explorat & Min, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Gulson, BL (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM bgulson@gse.mq.edu.au FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES0252] NR 73 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 112 IS 15 BP 1499 EP 1507 DI 10.1289/ehp.6548 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 869GX UT WOS:000224972500037 PM 15531434 ER PT J AU Vezina, CM Walker, NJ Olson, JR AF Vezina, CM Walker, NJ Olson, JR TI Subchronic exposure to TCDD, PeCDF, PCB126, and PCB153: Effect on hepatic gene expression SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE AhR; HAH; liver; microarray; PCB; TCDD ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; CYCLASE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; LIVER DEVELOPMENT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; CANCER-MORTALITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB We employed DNA microarray to identify unique hepatic gene expression patterns associated with subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs). Female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 13 weeks to toxicologically equivalent doses of four different HAHs based on the toxic equivalency factor of each chemical: TCDD (100 ng/kg/day), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF; 200 ng/kg/day), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126; 1,000 ng/kg/day), or 2,2',4,4',5,5'hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153; 1,000 mug/kg/day). Global gene expression profiles for each exposure, which account for 8,799 gene probe sets contained on Affymetrix RGU34A GeneChips, were compared by principal components analysis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands TCDD, PeCDF, and PCB126 produced very similar global gene expression profiles that were unique from the nonAhR ligand PCB153, underscoring the extensive impact of AhR activation and/or the resulting hepatic injury on global gene expression in female rat liver. Many genes were co-expressed during the 13-week TCDD, PeCDF, or PCB126 exposures, including classical AhR-regulated genes and some genes not previously characterized as being AhR regulated, such as carcinoembryonic-cell adhesion molecule 4 (C-CAM4) and adenylate cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2). Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed the increased expression of these genes in TCDD-, PeCDF-, and PCB126-exposed rats as well as the up- or down-regulation of several other novel dioxin-responsive genes. In summary, DNA microarray successfully identified dioxin-responsive genes expressed after exposure to AhR ligands (TCDD, PeCDF, PCB126) but not after exposure to the non-AhR ligand PCB153. Together, these findings may help to elucidate some of the fundamental features of dioxin toxicity and may further clarify the biologic role of the AhR signaling pathway. C1 Univ Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Olson, JR (reprint author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 102 Farber Hall,3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM jolson@buffalo.edu RI Walker, Nigel/D-6583-2012; OI Walker, Nigel/0000-0002-9111-6855; Vezina, Chad/0000-0001-7058-5399 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 09440] NR 62 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 112 IS 16 BP 1636 EP 1644 DI 10.1289/txg.7253 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 878WT UT WOS:000225678800016 PM 15598615 ER PT J AU Hudnell, HK Schreiber, JS AF Hudnell, HK Schreiber, JS TI Residential tetrachloroethylene exposure: Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID VISUAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; MICROELECTRONICS WORKERS; DEFICITS; DYSFUNCTION; STYRENE C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Washington, DC USA. State New York Off Attorney Gen, Div Publ Advocacy, Environm Protect Bur, New York, NY USA. RP Hudnell, HK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Washington, DC USA. EM hudnell.ken@epa.gov; judith.schreiber@oag.state.ny.us NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 112 IS 15 BP A864 EP A865 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 869GX UT WOS:000224972500005 ER PT J AU Wainger, LA King, DM Cantrell, JA Bird, SL AF Wainger, LA King, DM Cantrell, JA Bird, SL TI Development of indicators to assess economic vulnerabilities to changes in ecosystem services: Case study of counties in Maryland, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental economic indicators; vulnerability assessment; life-cycle analysis; resource consumption; pollution emissions ID ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION AB We develop indicators showing the relative environmental burdens that human activities place on locales for a given level of economic benefits. The main purpose is to develop tools that allow us to examine the potential vulnerabilities within economies to changes in resource conditions. The indicators of pollution emission or resource consumption per job can be used to identify potential challenges to resource and industry managers and to compare areas in terms of their ability to adapt to change. For example, if a large number of area jobs are dependent on abundant water, this indicates a vulnerability to a reduction in water availability for industrial use. We develop a case study for 23 counties and 1 city in Maryland to examine the usefulness and limitations of the indicators. Our case study demonstrates that the indicators provide an informative view into patterns of local economic activity and use of an area's environmental goods and services. In contrast to patterns for total environmental burdens (e.g., total SO(2) emissions) that are typically reported, the rates of environmental burden per job are not simply correlated with high or low economic output. Thus, the indicators represent distinct patterns of environmental burdens per job that reflect reliance on environmental services. The indicators have some limitations when used at this fine scale because they can misrepresent conditions in counties in which economic sectors are dominated by one or a few businesses. For this reason, the indicators are best used as a regional screening tool. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Wainger, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM wainger@cbl.umces.edu RI Wainger, Lisa/H-7640-2012 OI Wainger, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-8850 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 730 EP 747 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0188-x PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 891LO UT WOS:000226582800012 PM 15696303 ER PT J AU Kincaid, TM Larsen, DP Urquhart, NS AF Kincaid, TM Larsen, DP Urquhart, NS TI The structure of variation and its influence on the estimation of status: Indicators of condition of lakes in the Northeast, U. S. A. SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE components of variance; lake condition indicators; status estimation ID UNITED-STATES; ZOOPLANKTON; RESOURCES; PROGRAM; DESIGNS; TRENDS AB One goal of regional-scale sample surveys is to estimate the status of a resource of interest from a statistically drawn representative sample of that resource. An expression of status is the frequency distribution of indicator scores capturing variability of attributes of interest. However, extraneous variability interferes with the status description by introducing bias into the frequency distributions. To examine this issue, we used data from a regional survey of lakes in the Northeast U. S. collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). We employ a components of variance model to identify sources of extraneous variance pertinent to status descriptions of physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the population of lakes in the NE. We summarize the relative magnitude of four components of variance (lake-to-lake, year, interaction, and residual) for each indicator and illustrate how extraneous variance biases the status descriptions. We describe a procedure that removes this bias from the status descriptions to produce unbiased estimates and introduce a novel method for estimating the 'cost' of removing the bias (expressed as either increased sampling uncertainty or additional samples needed to achieve the target precision in the absence of bias). We compare the relative magnitude of the four variance components across the array of indicators, finding in general that conservative chemical indicators are least affected by extraneous variance, followed by some nonconservative indicators, with nutrient indicators most affected by extraneous variance. Intermediate were trophic condition indicators (including sediment diatoms), fish species richness and individuals indicators, and zooplankton taxa richness and individuals indicators. We found no clear patterns in the relative magnitude of variance components as a function of several methods of aggregating fish and zooplankton indicators (e.g., level of taxonomy, or species richness vs. numbers of individuals). C1 Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kincaid, TM (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. EM kincaid.tom@epa.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000038176.68766.71 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847AM UT WOS:000223361000001 PM 15473526 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL Norton, SB AF Yuan, LL Norton, SB TI Assessing the relative severity of stressors at a watershed scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; generalized additive models; stressor distribution ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; VARIABLE SELECTION; MACROINVERTEBRATES; ENVIRONMENT; HABITATS; STOCK AB Water quality monitoring data are usually used independently to report on the condition of streams and watersheds. For example, watersheds are often rated as good, fair, or poor with regard to a single stressor or with regard to an index of biotic integrity. The utility of monitoring data may be enhanced by integrating stressor-response information with the observed stressor data, and reporting stressor levels in terms of their relative effects upon valued ecological resources. We estimated stressor-response relationships at the regional scale using data collected in the Eastern Cornbelt Plains Ecoregion of Ohio. Generalized additive models were used to visualize stressor-response relationships. Piecewise linear functions and simple linear functions were then used to parameterize the observed responses. Parameters derived from the regional models were used to scale observations of stressors in the Big Darby Creek watershed, OH. After scaling, stressors were compared in terms of their spatial distribution and in terms of the severity with which they influenced the biological endpoint of interest. Stressors most strongly associated with the current ecological condition of the watershed were identified. In the Big Darby Creek watershed, decreases in substrate quality were associated with the most severe decrements in biological condition. At smaller decrements in biological condition, three stressors were important: substrate quality, riparian quality, and increased concentrations of NOx. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 323 EP 349 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000038194.30236.ad PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847AM UT WOS:000223361000019 PM 15473544 ER PT J AU Cherry, TL Frykblom, P Shogren, JF List, JA Sullivan, MB AF Cherry, TL Frykblom, P Shogren, JF List, JA Sullivan, MB TI Laboratory testbeds and non-market valuation: The case of bidding behavior in a second-price auction with an outside option SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE bidding behavior; experiments; outside option; valuation ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; HYPOTHETICAL SURVEYS; DISCOUNT RATES; SOMATOTROPIN; VALUES AB Researchers now use the lab to examine the behavioral underpinnings of valuation before the field application which some argue has less experimental control. But lab valuation work raises its own set of concerns when it uses private goods to explore non-market valuation behavior because private goods have substitutes often unaccounted for in the lab. Therefore, the lab as a tool to testbed field valuation work may be limited. Herein we design an induced valuation experiment to explore bidding behavior in a second-price auction with an outside option that is a perfect substitute for the auction commodity. Theory predicts that rational bidders will consider the prices of outside options when formulating bidding strategies, and will reduce their bids whenever their resale value exceeds the price of the outside option. Our results suggest that bidders account for outside options when formulating bids with behavior following comparative static predictions. In addition, we provide evidence concerning hypothetical versus actual behavior with induced values - the data suggesting a hypothetical bias in the level of bids but not in bid shaving. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cherry, TL (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM cherrytl@appstate.edu RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017 OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10640-004-5264-z PG 10 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880CX UT WOS:000225767700002 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Lohmann, R AF Burgess, RM Lohmann, R TI Role of black carbon in the partitioning and bioavailability of organic pollutants SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; SORPTION; CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICALS; SEDIMENTS; SEQUESTRATION; COEFFICIENTS; COLLOIDS; MATTER; SOIL C1 US EPA, NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008; OI Lohmann, Rainer/0000-0001-8796-3229 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2531 EP 2533 DI 10.1897/03-34 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000002 PM 15559265 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Ryba, SA Perron, MM Tien, R Thibodeau, LM Cantwell, MG AF Burgess, RM Ryba, SA Perron, MM Tien, R Thibodeau, LM Cantwell, MG TI Sorption of 2,4 '-dichlorobiphenyl and fluoranthene to a marine sediment amended with different types of black carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorption; black carbon; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polychlorinated biphenyls; planar ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NONIONIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TECHNICAL BASIS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PREFERENTIAL SORPTION; NARCOTIC CHEMICALS; ACTIVATED CARBON; WATER; SOOT AB Recent studies demonstrate that sedimentary black carbon (BC) affects the sorption of some hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to a greater extent than sedimentary organic carbon (OC). Among HOC, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to interact extensively with BC. Currently, data on the sorption of various kinds of HOCs to different types of BC are limited. In this study, we amended a marine sediment with BC from several different sources, humic acid, and inert sand. Equilibration studies with (14)C fluoranthene and the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) (3)H 2,4'-dichlorinated biphenyl were performed to determine the magnitude of sorption as a function of contaminant and BC type. The magnitude of sorption to the BC-amended sediments was greater for the PAH than the PCB as compared to the sediment alone, humic acid, and sand. For example, differences between the log partition coefficient (K(p)) for the PAH and PCB ranged from 0.41 to 0.69 log units for humic acid and sand treatments, while differences ranged from 0.88 to 1.57 log units for the BC-amended sediments. As a result, BC-normalized partition coefficients (log K(BC)) for the PAH averaged 6.41, whereas the PCB log K(BC) values averaged 5.33. These results demonstrate that PAH sorption and most likely bioavailability are influenced strongly by the presence of BC of different types, while sorption of a nonplanar PCB was affected to a lesser degree. C1 US EPA, NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD, 27 Tarwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2534 EP 2544 DI 10.1897/03-349 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000003 PM 15559266 ER PT J AU Lohmann, R Burgess, RM Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA MacFarlane, JK Gschwend, PM AF Lohmann, R Burgess, RM Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA MacFarlane, JK Gschwend, PM TI Dependency of polychlorinated biphenyl and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation in Mya arenaria on both water column and sediment bed chemical activities SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol DE equilibrium partitioning; black carbon; chemical activity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polychlorinated biphenyls ID SOFT-SHELL CLAMS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PREFERENTIAL SORPTION; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES; PAH SPECIATION; BOSTON HARBOR; BLACK CARBON; IN-SITU AB The bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the filter-feeding soft-shell clam Mya arenaria was evaluated at three sites near Boston (MA, USA) by assessing the chemical activities of those hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the sediment bed, water column, and organisms. Polyethylene samplers were deployed to measure the activities of HOCs in the water column. Sediment activities were assessed by normalizing concentrations with sediment-water sorption coefficient values, including adsorption to black carbon in addition to absorption by organic carbon. Likewise, both lipids and proteins were considered in biota-water partition coefficients used to estimate chemical activities in the animals. Chemical activities of PAHs in M. arenaria were substantially less than those of the corresponding bed sediments in which they lived. In contrast, chemical activities of PCBs in M. arenaria often were greater than or equal to activities in the corresponding bed sediments. Activities of PAHs, such those of pyrene, in the water column were undersaturated relative to the sediment. However, some PCBs, such as congener 52, had higher activities in the water column than in the sediment. Tissue activities of pyrene generally were in between the sediment and water column activities, whereas activity of PCB congener 52 was nearest to water column activities. These results suggest that attempts to estimate bioaccumulation by benthic organisms should include interactions with both the bed sediment and the water column. C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Bremen, Res Ctr Ocean Margins, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Lohmann, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lohmann@alum.mit.edu RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008; OI Lohmann, Rainer/0000-0001-8796-3229 NR 47 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2551 EP 2562 DI 10.1897/03-400 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000005 PM 15559268 ER PT J AU Vinturella, AE Burgess, RM Coull, BA Thompson, KM Shine, JP AF Vinturella, AE Burgess, RM Coull, BA Thompson, KM Shine, JP TI Importance of black carbon in distribution and bioaccumulation models of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated marine sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 16-20, 2002 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE equilibrium partitioning; polychaetes; black carbon; partition coefficients ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; ALUMINUM SMELTER; SORPTION; WATER; BIOAVAILABILITY; MASSACHUSETTS; POLLUTANTS; BIOCONCENTRATION AB The roles and relative importance of nonpyrogenic organic carbon (NPOC) and black carbon (BC) as binding phases of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed by their ability to estimate pore water concentrations and biological uptake in various marine sediments. Sediment bioaccumulation tests were performed with the marine polychaete Nereis virens, using a polyethylene device to estimate pore water concentrations of PAHs. Using existing partitioning data for pyrene and phenanthrene, it was found that the traditional Equilibrium Partitioning model, which assumes all organic carbon is NPOC (EqP(OC)), overestimated the measured pore water concentrations in the test sediments by one to three orders of magnitude. Instead, the measured pore water concentrations were better predicted from a distribution scenario that uses both BC and NPOC (EqP(NPOC,BC)). When comparing actual worm body burdens of pyrene and phenanthrene with the two model estimates of worm tissue concentrations, the EqP(OC) model tended to overestimate actual body burdens by three orders of magnitude, while the EqP(NPOC,BC) model came much closer to the true body burden values. The observed distribution of PAHs in the test sediments was used to calculate BC partition coefficients for five PAHs, which were one to two orders of magnitude higher than their corresponding organic carbon-normalized distribution coefficients, or K(OC)s. Together, these results suggest that, in certain situations, adding black carbon to distribution models may be necessary to predict accurately the bioavailability of PAHs. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, ORD, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Vinturella, AE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1440 Canal St,Suite 800, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM avinture@tulane.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P42 ES05947, ES00002] NR 38 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2578 EP 2586 DI 10.1897/03-358 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000008 PM 15559271 ER PT J AU Rust, AJ Burgess, RM Brownawell, BJ McElroy, AE AF Rust, AJ Burgess, RM Brownawell, BJ McElroy, AE TI Relationship between metabolism and bioaccumulation of benzo[a]pyrene in benthic invertebrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 16-20, 2002 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; metabolism; bioaccumulation; benzo[a]pyrene; benthic invertebrates ID SPINY LOBSTER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHAETE WORMS; PANULIRUS-ARGUS; SEDIMENT; BENZOPYRENE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; BENZO(A)PYRENE; FLUORANTHENE AB The potential influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolism on bioaccumulation is well accepted, but rarely has been examined in many species of benthic invertebrates that commonly are found in contaminated sediments, or used in bioaccumulation or toxicity tests. In this study, the relative ability of I I species of near-shore benthic invertebrates to metabolize and bioaccumulate a model PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), was evaluated. Species examined included six polychaetes (Clymenella torquata, Nereis virens, Nereis succinea, Nephtys incisa, Spio setosa and Cirriformia grandis), three bivalves, (Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, and Mulinia lateralis), and two amphipods (Ampelisca abdita and Leptocheirus plumulosus). After 7 d of exposure to sediments spiked with radiolabeled B[a]P metabolites comprised between 6.1% (Clymenella torquata) to 85.7% (Nereis succinea) of total accumulated B[a]P, with individual species from the same phylogenetic groups showing large differences in their ability to metabolize this PAH. Bioaccumulation factors (B[a]P in tissue/B[a]P in sediment) were inversely related to the species' ability to metabolize PAH, highlighting the importance of considering metabolism when interpreting bioaccumulation across several species. These data argue strongly against the continued use of the large polychaete Nereis virens, one of the species showing the greatest ability to metabolize B[a]P, for bioaccumulation testing when PAHs are being considered. Other commonly used test species had relatively low levels of metabolism (Ampelisca abdita, Leptocheirus plumulosus, and Macoma balthica), supporting their use in evaluation of potential PAH impact on the environment. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McElroy, AE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM anne.meelroy@stonybrook.edu NR 47 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 33 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2587 EP 2593 DI 10.1897/03-354 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000009 PM 15559272 ER PT J AU Rust, AJ Burgess, RM McElroy, AE Cantwell, MG Brownawell, BJ AF Rust, AJ Burgess, RM McElroy, AE Cantwell, MG Brownawell, BJ TI Influence of soot carbon on the bioaccumulation of sediment-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine benthic invertebrates: An interspecies comparison SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 16-20, 2002 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; bioavailability; soot; gut fluid; metabolism ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BLACK CARBON; DIGESTIVE FLUIDS; MYA-ARENARIA; CRUDE-OIL; IN-VIVO; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; BIVALVES; PARTICLES AB The sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to soot carbon in marine sediments has been hypothesized to reduce PAH bioavailability. This hypothesis was tested for eight species of marine benthic invertebrates (four polychaete worms, Clymenella torquata, Nereis virens, Cirriformia grandis, and Pectinaria gouldii, and four bivalve mollusks, Macoma balthica, Mulinia lateralis, Yoldia limatula, and Mya arenaria) that span a wide range of feeding behavior, ability to metabolize PAHs, and gut chemistry. Organisms were exposed for 20 d to two PAH-spiked sediments, one with soot and one without soot. The soot treatment generally resulted in lower bioaccumulation than the no soot treatment, though the differences between treatments were not significant for all species. All but one species accumulated significant PAH concentrations in their tissues from the soot treatment, indicating that soot-bound PAH cannot be dismissed as unavailable to infaunal benthic biota. Bioaccumulation factors were correlated negatively to both the organisms' ability to metabolize PAHs and the gut fluid contact angle, supporting the hypotheses that high PAH metabolism results in lower bioaccumulation factors and bioavailability of PAHs may be limited partially by PAH solubilization in the gut lumen. The variability in bioaccumulation due to the soot treatment was much less than the variability between species and between PAH analytes. Comparatively low bioaccumulation was observed in Nereis virens, a species commonly used in bioaccumulation tests. These results suggest that more effort is needed in understanding the salient characteristics of species present in a threatened environment, rather than focusing solely on the sediment geochemistry (e.g., soot and organic carbon content) and contaminant characteristics when predicting ecological risk of PAH-contaminated sediments. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Eco Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Brownawell, BJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM bbrownawell@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 44 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2594 EP 2603 DI 10.1897/03-355 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000010 PM 15559273 ER PT J AU Rust, AJ Burgess, RM McElroy, AE Cantwell, MG Brownawell, BJ AF Rust, AJ Burgess, RM McElroy, AE Cantwell, MG Brownawell, BJ TI Role of source matrix in the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to deposit-feeding benthic invertebrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 16-20, 2002 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; black carbon; soot coal; bioavailability ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BLACK CARBON; ALUMINUM SMELTER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PAHS; AVAILABILITY; SOOT; BIOACCUMULATION; QUANTIFICATION; SEQUESTRATION AB The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to benthic organisms is complicated by the variety of ways that they are introduced to coastal waters (dissolved, as nonaqueous phase liquids, and tightly bound to soot, coal, tire rubber, and eroded shale). In order to better understand the controlling variables that affect chemical and biological availability of PAHs, a study was conducted in which three deposit-feeding infaunal benthic invertebrate species (Cirriformia grandis, Clymenella torquata, and Macoma balthica) were exposed to sediments amended with PAH-rich materials (coal dust, tire rubber, diesel soot, creosote, crude oil, and fuel oil). Lipid and organic carbon normalized bioaccumulation factors (BAF(loc)s) were calculated after 20 d of exposure and PAH bioavailability from the different treatments was assessed. Bioaccumulation of coal-derived PAHs usually was too low to be measured, though PAHs associated with soot and tire rubber showed significant accumulation in organism tissues. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the fuel oil, creosote, and crude oil treatments were more bioavailable than PAHs bound in solid carbonaceous matrices (soot, coal, and tire rubber). Desorption of PAHs from the amended sediments into seawater also was measured using XAD resin. As was observed with bioaccumulation, PAHs in coal were desorbed the least; tire rubber and diesel soot were intermediate; and creosote, fuel oil, and crude oil desorbed to the greatest extent. In only one out of the three species evaluated was PAH bioaccumulation related to extent of desorption after 20 d. Decompling between biological and chemical availability may be due to species-specific factors such as surfactant-mediated solubilization in the guts of some deposit-feeding organisms. A significant finding of this work was the demonstration that PAHs associated with soot and tire rubber in their native state (rather than experimentally added) are available to some benthic biota. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Eco Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Brownawell, BJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM bbrownawell@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2604 EP 2610 DI 10.1897/03-353 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000011 PM 15559274 ER PT J AU Voparil, IM Burgess, RM Mayer, LM Tien, R Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA AF Voparil, IM Burgess, RM Mayer, LM Tien, R Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA TI Digestive bioavailability to a deposit feeder (Arenicola marina) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with anthropogenic particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 16-20, 2002 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE gut fluid; solubilization; bioaccumulation ID FLY-ASH; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; FLUID EXTRACTION; ALUMINUM SMELTER; ACTIVATED CARBON; ROAD DUST; WATER; COAL AB Marine sediments around urban areas serve as catch basins for anthropogenic particles containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Using incubations with gut fluids extracted from a deposit-feeding polychaete (Arenicola marina), we determined the digestive bioavailability of PAHs from fly ashes, coal dusts, diesel soots, tire tread materials, and urban particulates. We found that gut fluids solubilize significant concentrations of PAHs from two tire treads, two diesel soots, and the urban particulates. However, PAHs in fly ashes and coal dusts were not available to the digestive agents in gut fluid. Potential digestive exposure to PAHs is much greater than that predicted to be available from these materials using equilibrium partitioning theory (EqP). Amending an already-contaminated sediment with fly ash decreased phenanthrene solubilization by gut fluid. In contrast, addition of tire tread to the sediment resulted in increased solubilization of four PAHs by gut fluid. Therefore, addition of certain types of anthropogenic particles to sediments may result in an increase in bioavailable PAHs rather than a net decrease, as predicted by EqP. Difficulty in predicting the amount of change due to amendment may be due to interactions occurring among the mixture of compounds solubilized by gut fluid. C1 Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Voparil, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM voparil@sbcglobal.net RI Mayer, Lawrence/A-1337-2009 NR 51 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 27 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2618 EP 2626 DI 10.1897/03-357 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000013 PM 15559276 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Kuehl, DW Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Butterworth, BC Nichols, JW AF Ankley, GT Kuehl, DW Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Butterworth, BC Nichols, JW TI Partial life-cycle toxicity and bioconcentration modeling of perfluorooctanesulfonate in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanesulfonate; toxicity; bioconcentration; amphibian ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; THYROID-HORMONE; MARINE MAMMALS; SERUM-PROTEINS; SULFONATE AB A number of recent monitoring studies have demonstrated elevated concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in humans and wildlife throughout the world. Although no longer manufactured in the United States, the global distribution and relative persistence of PFOS indicates a need to understand its potential ecological effects. Presently, little is known concerning toxicity of PFOS in chronic exposures with aquatic species. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of PFOS on survival and development of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) from early embryogenesis through complete metamorphosis. Exposures were conducted via water at measured PFOS concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 10 mg/L. Animals exposed to 10 mg/L began dying within approximately two weeks of test initiation. Survival was not affected by PFOS at lower concentrations; however, time to metamorphosis was delayed and growth reduced in the 3-mg/L treatment group. Tadpoles readily accumulated PFOS directly from water. Using a one-compartment bioaccumulation model, growth was shown to have a modest impact on steady-state PFOS concentrations. Variability in observed growth rates and the possible contribution of a size-dependent decrease in PFOS elimination rate contributed uncertainty to modeling efforts. Nevertheless, fitted uptake and elimination rate constants were comparable to those determined in earlier studies with juvenile rainbow trout. Overall, our studies suggest that R. pipiens is not exceptionally sensitive to PFOS in terms of either direct toxicity or bioconcentration potential of the chemical. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 24 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2745 EP 2755 DI 10.1897/03-667 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000028 PM 15559291 ER PT J AU Gennings, C Carter, WH Casey, M Moser, V Carchman, R Simmons, JE AF Gennings, C Carter, WH Casey, M Moser, V Carchman, R Simmons, JE TI Analysis of functional effects of a mixture of five pesticides using a ray design SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE additivity; interaction; dose addition ID TOXICOLOGY; CHEMICALS; RATS AB The protection of human health from the adverse effects of cumulative environmental exposure to chemical mixtures is an important issue. Of particular interest is the detection and characterization of interaction among chemicals in complex mixtures. Response surface methodology, often supported by factorial designs, is the classical statistical experimental approach. Fixed-ratio ray designs, which may include the use of single chemical data in addition to data along mixture ray(s), have been proposed as an alternative approach. Such designs permit a reduction in the amount of experimental effort when the region of interest can be restricted to exposure-relevant mixing ratios. A,single chemicals required' (SCR) approach and a 'single chemicals not required' (SCNR) approach are both described. The methods are illustrated with a five-chemical mixture of organophosphorus pesticides-acephate (ACE), diazinon (DIA), chlorpyrifos (CPF), malathion (MAL) and dimethoate (DIM). Their relative proportions in the mixture were based on the relative dietary human exposure estimates of each chemical as projected by the U.S. EPA Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM). Use of the SCR and SCNR methods for binary endpoints are demonstrated using a dichotomized gait score as an indication of toxicity. For both methods, the overall hypothesis of additivity was rejected, indicating significant departure from additivity when the five pesticides were combined at the specified mixing ratio. By comparison of the predicted response under additivity to the modeled response of the experimental mixture data this departure from additivity was characterized as synergy (greater than additive toxicity). To examine the influence of malathion in the mixture, it was removed from the five-pesticide mixture (full ray) and the remaining four chemicals (reduced ray) were combined at the same relative proportions used in the full fixed-ratio ray There was not a significant departure from additivity along the ray with the four remaining pesticides omitting malathion. Thus, although malathion was not dose-responsive alone, it significantly interacted with the other pesticides. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.03.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 875VL UT WOS:000225450100006 PM 21782740 ER PT J AU Royland, J AF Royland, J TI The genomics of the aged brain: does gene expression suggest enhanced sensitivity to environmental chemical exposure? SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Symposium on the Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology of Aging CY JUL 18-23, 2004 CL Bregenz, AUSTRIA C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11-12 MA 14 BP 1769 EP 1769 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 880WM UT WOS:000225820700038 ER PT J AU Atekwana, EA Atekwana, EA Rowe, RS Werkema, DD Legall, FD AF Atekwana, EA Atekwana, EA Rowe, RS Werkema, DD Legall, FD TI The relationship of total dissolved solids measurements to bulk electrical conductivity in an aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; bulk conductivity; contamination; hydrocarbon; total dissolved solids ID GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SITE; GROUNDWATER AB A recent conceptual model links higher bulk conductivities at hydrocarbon impacted sites to higher total dissolved solids (TDS) resulting from enhanced mineral weathering due to acids produced during biodegradation. In this study, we evaluated the above model by investigating the vertical distribution of bulk conductivity, TDS, and specific conductance in groundwater. The results showed higher TDS at contaminated locations consistent with the above model. Further, steep vertical gradients in bulk conductivity and TDS suggest vertical and spatial heterogeneity at the site. We observed that at fluid conductivities <40 mS/m, bulk conductivity was inversely related to fluid conductivity, but at fluid conductivities >40 mS/m, bulk conductivity increased with increasing fluid conductivity. However, at fluid conductivities >80 mS/m, bulk conductivities increased without a corresponding increase in fluid conductivity, resulting in a poor correlation between bulk conductivity and fluid conductivity for the contaminated samples. This suggests that electrolytic conductivity was not completely responsible for the observed variability in bulk conductivity. We suggest two possible reasons for the inverse relationship at low fluid conductivity and poor positive correlation at high fluid conductivity: (1) geochemical heterogeneity due to biological processes not captured at a scale comparable to the bulk conductivity measurement and (2) variability in the surface conductivity, consistent with a simple petrophysical model that suggests higher surface conductivity for contaminated sediments. We conclude that biodegradation processes can impact both electrolytic and surface conduction properties of contaminated sediments and these two factors can account for the higher bulk conductivities observed in sediments impacted by hydrocarbon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Characterizat & Monitoring Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Gillette Co, Environm Affairs, Needham, MA 02492 USA. RP Atekwana, EA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM atekwana@umr.edu OI atekwana, eliot/0000-0002-4934-650X NR 32 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 EI 1879-1859 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 56 IS 4 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.08.003 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 872YC UT WOS:000225244400004 ER PT J AU Otte, TL Lacser, A Dupont, S Ching, JKS AF Otte, TL Lacser, A Dupont, S Ching, JKS TI Implementation of an urban canopy parameterization in a mesoscale meteorological model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; HEAT-STORAGE; SURFACE; CITIES; DISPERSION; TURBULENCE; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB An urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is implemented into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University - National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) to improve meteorological fields in the urban boundary layer for finescale (similar to1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations. The UCP uses the drag-force approach for dynamics and a simple treatment of the urban thermodynamics to account for the effects of the urban environment. The UCP is evaluated using a real-data application for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The simulations show that the UCP produces profiles of wind speed, friction velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and potential temperature that are more consistent with the observations taken in urban areas and data from idealized wind tunnel studies of urban areas than do simulations that use the roughness approach. In addition, comparisons with meteorological measurements show that the UCP simulations are superior to those that use the roughness approach. This improvement of the treatment of the urban areas in the meteorological model could have implications for simulating air chemistry processes at this scale. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. RP US EPA, NERL, AMD, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM otte.tanya@epa.gov OI Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1648 EP 1665 DI 10.1175/JAM2164.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880RJ UT WOS:000225806600008 ER PT J AU Nagy, LR Holmes, RT AF Nagy, LR Holmes, RT TI Factors influencing fecundity in migratory songbirds: is nest predation the most important? SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; GREAT TITS; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; SUCCESS; FOREST; REPRODUCTION; RESPONSES; BIRDS AB Nest predation often is reported to be the major cause of nest failure in birds and by extension the predominant influence on annual fecundity. However, other factors such as the ability of some individuals to renest after a failed nest or to lay additional clutches after successful ones, both of which may in turn be influenced by food availability, can also contribute to individual fecundity. We evaluated the relative importance of nest predation, multiple brooding, renesting, and food availability on mean annual fecundity of a migratory songbird population, using AIC(c) from Multiple regression models. In a 16-yr study of black-throated blue warblers Dendroica caerulescens, these four variables combined explained 87% of the annual variance in fecundity. Individually, however, food abundance explained more of the variability (35%) than did predation (29%), double-brooding (19%), or renesting (15%). These results suggest that measuring food availability may be essential to understanding annual differences in reproductive output. They also demonstrate that failing to account for the contribution of food availability, renesting, and multiple brooding in studies of avian demography can result in serious underestimates of mean annual fecundity,. potentially biasing calculations of population growth rate, source-sink dynamics, habitat quality, or population viability. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nagy, LR (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM nagy.laura@epa.gov NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03429.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 872QY UT WOS:000225224600006 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Smith, JA AF Tillman, FD Smith, JA TI Design and laboratory testing of a chamber device to measure total flux of volatile organic compounds from the unsaturated zone under natural conditions SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; barometric pumping; flux measurement; unsaturated zone; volatile organic compounds; soil gas ID SOLID-WASTE LANDFILL; SOIL-GAS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; FIELD MEASUREMENT; NITROUS-OXIDE; VADOSE-ZONE; NEW-JERSEY; TRANSPORT; TRICHLOROETHENE; VAPOR AB To determine if an aquifer contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has potential for natural remediation, all natural processes affecting the fate and transport of VOCs in the subsurface must be identified and quantified. This research addresses the quantification of air-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leaving the unsaturated zone soil gas and entering the atmosphere-including the additional flux provided by advective soil-gas movement induced by barometric pumping. A simple and easy-to-use device for measuring VOC flux under natural conditions is presented. The vertical flux chamber (VFC) was designed using numerical simulations and evaluated in the laboratory. Mass-balance numerical simulations based on continuously stirred tank reactor equations (CSTR) provided information on flux measurement performance of several sampling configurations with the final chamber configuration measuring greater than 96% of model-simulated fluxes. A laboratory device was constructed to evaluate the flux chamber under both diffusion-only and advection-plus-diffusion transport conditions. The flux chamber measured an average of 82% of 15 diffusion-only fluxes and an average of 95% of 15 additional advection-plus-diffusion flux experiments. The vertical flux chamber has the capability of providing reliable measurement of VOC flux from the unsaturated zone under both diffusion and advection transport conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Program Interdisciplinary Res Contaminant Hydroge, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Program Interdisciplinary Res Contaminant Hydroge, POB 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM Tillman.Fred@epa.gov; jsmith@virginia.edu RI Smith, James/B-4617-2011; OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.04.005 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 865AE UT WOS:000224673800004 PM 15385099 ER PT J AU Nalle, DJ Montgomery, CA Arthur, JL Polasky, S Schumaker, NH AF Nalle, DJ Montgomery, CA Arthur, JL Polasky, S Schumaker, NH TI Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE natural resource economics; production possibilities frontier; operations research; landscape ecology; conservation; forestry; resource policy ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; TABU SEARCH; CONSERVATION; OREGON; COST; HABITAT; OPTIMIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT AB Production of marketed commodities and protection of natural systems often conflict. A focus on only one goal can result in large losses in other goals and may result in inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a method that combines economic and ecological models in a dynamic and spatial analysis to evaluate land use decisions and find cost-effective alternatives for which it is not possible to do better on one objective without harming another objective. The method is demonstrated using timber production and species conservation on a forested landscape over a 100-year planning horizon. Current land use strategies are simulated and compared with cost-effective alternatives. The approach is compared to a static reserve approach.. similar to previous studies, and found to produce substantially more efficient management strategies for the case study landscape. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Nalle, DJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Mail Stop 204, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM nalle@cabnr.unr.edu; claire.montgomery@oregonstate.edu; arthur@stat.orst.edu; spolasky@apec.umn.edu; schumaker.nathan@epa.gov NR 48 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2004.01.001 PG 21 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 869PK UT WOS:000224996300001 ER PT J AU Albright, WH Benson, CH Gee, GW Roesler, AC Abichou, T Apiwantragoon, P Lyles, BF Rock, SA AF Albright, WH Benson, CH Gee, GW Roesler, AC Abichou, T Apiwantragoon, P Lyles, BF Rock, SA TI Field water balance of landfill final covers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEMIARID REGIONS; RECHARGE; BARRIER AB Landfill covers are critical to waste containment, yet field performance of specific cover designs has not been well documented and seldom been compared in side-by-side testing. A study was conducted to assess the ability of landfill final covers to control percolation into underlying waste. Conventional covers employing resistive barriers as well as alternative covers relying on water-storage principles were monitored in large (10 X 20 in), instrumented drainage lysimeters over a range of climates at 11 field sites in the United States. Surface runoff was a small fraction of the water balance (0-10%, 4% on average) and was nearly insensitive to the cover slope, cover design, or climate. Lateral drainage from internal drainage layers was also a small fraction of the water balance (0-5.0%, 2.0% on average). Average percolation rates for the conventional covers with composite barriers (geomembrane over fine soil) typically were less than 12 mm/yr (1.4% of precipitation) at humid locations and 1.5 mm/yr (0.4% of precipitation) at arid, semiarid, and subhumid locations. Average percolation rates for conventional covers with soil barriers in humid climates were between 52 and 195 mm/yr (6-17% of precipitation), probably due to preferential flow through defects in the soil harrier. Average percolation rates for alternative covers ranged between 33 and 160 mm/yr (6 and 18% of precipitation) in humid climates and generally less than 2.2 mm/yr (0.4% of precipitation) in arid, semiarid, and subhumid climates. One-half (five) of the alternative covers in arid, semiarid, and subhumid climates transmitted less than 0.1 mm of percolation, but two transmitted much more percolation (26.8 and 52 mm) than anticipated during design. The data collected support conclusions from other studies that detailed, site-specific design procedures are very important for successful performance of alternative landfill covers. C1 Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Geo Engn Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Langan Engn & Environm Serv Inc, Elmwood Pk, NJ 07407 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Albright, WH (reprint author), Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM bill@dri.edu NR 36 TC 87 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2317 EP 2332 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900038 PM 15537955 ER PT J AU Mage, DT Allen, RH Gondy, G Smith, W Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Mage, DT Allen, RH Gondy, G Smith, W Barr, DB Needham, LL TI Estimating pesticide dose from urinary pesticide concentration data by creatinine correction in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creatinine correction; S-B model; reference dose; transport maximum; NHANES-III ID GRAVITY ADJUSTMENT; SPOT SAMPLES; EXCRETION; VARIABILITY; CHILDREN; CHLORPYRIFOS; SUBSTANCES; PREDICTION; CLEARANCE; EXPOSURE AB The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES-III) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) recorded data on the urinary concentrations of 12 chemicals ( analytes), which were either pesticides or their metabolites, that represent exposure to certain pesticides, in urine samples collected from 1988 to 1994 from a cohort of 978 volunteer subjects, aged 20-59 years. We have used each subject's urinary creatinine concentration and their individual daily creatinine excretion rate ( g/day) computed from their age, gender, height and weight, to estimate their daily excretionrate in mug analyte/kg/day. We discuss the mechanisms of excretion of the analytes and certain assumptions needed to compute the equivalent daily dietary intake ( mug/kg/day) of the most likely parent pesticide compounds for each excreted analyte. We used literature data on the average amount of parent compound ingested per unit amount of the analyte excreted in the urine, and compared these estimated daily intakes to the US EPA's reference dose ( RfD) values for each of those parent pesticides. A Johnson S-B distribution ( four-parameter lognormal) was fit to these data to estimate the national distribution of exclusive exposures to these 12 parent compounds. Only three such pesticides had a few predicted values above their RfD ( lindane 1.6%; 2,4-dichlorophenol 1.3%; chlorpyrifos 0.02%). Given the possibility of a subject's dietary intake of a pesticide's metabolites incorporated into treated food, our results show that few, if any, individuals in the general US population aged 20-59 years and not employed in pesticide application were likely to have exceeded the USEPA RfD for these parent compounds during the years studied. C1 Temple Univ, Inst Survey Res, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mage, DT (reprint author), Temple Univ, Inst Survey Res, 1601 N Broad St,Rm 502, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM david.mage@temple.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Mage, David/0000-0002-3880-566X NR 27 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500343 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 869ZC UT WOS:000225022800004 PM 15367927 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JS Linna, KJ Squier, WC Muleski, GE Cowherd, C AF Kinsey, JS Linna, KJ Squier, WC Muleski, GE Cowherd, C TI Characterization of the fugitive particulate emissions from construction mud/dirt carryout SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MOTOR-VEHICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE; AEROSOL; MATTER; ROAD; GASOLINE AB Although the fugitive dust associated with construction mud/dirt carryout can represent a substantial portion of the particulate matter (PM) emissions inventory in non-attainment areas, it has not been well characterized by direct sampling methods. In this paper, a research program is described that directly determined both PM10 and PM2.5 (particles less than or equal to10 and 2.5 mum in classical aerodynamic diameter, respectively) emission factors for mud/dirt carryout from a major construction project located in metropolitan Kansas City, MO. The program also assessed the contribution of automotive emissions to the total PM2.5 burden and determined the baseline emissions from the test road. As part of the study, both time-integrated and continuous exposure-profiling methods were used to assess the PM emissions, including particle size and elemental composition. This research resulted in overall PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors of 6 and 0.2 g/vehicle, respectively. Although PM,, is within the range of prior U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance, the PM2.5 emission factor is far lower than previous estimates published by EPA. In addition, based on both the particle size and chemical data obtained in the study, a major portion of the PM2.5 emissions appears to be attributable to automotive exhaust from light-duty, gasoline-powered vehicles and not to the fugitive dust associated with reentrained mud/dirt carryout. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Kinsey, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, MD E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kinsey.john@epa.gov RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1394 EP 1404 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 869GW UT WOS:000224972400006 PM 15587553 ER PT J AU Mobley, JD Cadle, SH AF Mobley, JD Cadle, SH TI Innovative methods for emission inventory development and evaluation: Workshop summary SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Emission inventories are an essential tool for evaluating, managing, and regulating air pollution. Refinements and innovations in instruments that measure air pollutants, models that calculate emissions, and techniques for data management and uncertainty assessment are needed to enhance emission inventories. This workshop provided recommendations for improving emission factors, improving emission models, and reducing inventory uncertainty. Communication that increases cooperation between developers and users of inventories is essential. Emission inventories that incorporate these improvements will meet the challenges of the future. C1 Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cadle, SH (reprint author), Gen Motors R&D Ctr, 30500 Mound Rd, Warren, MI 48090 USA. EM steven.h.cadle@gm.com NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1422 EP 1439 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 869GW UT WOS:000224972400008 PM 15587555 ER PT J AU Jerkins, RR Maguire, KB Morgan, CL AF Jerkins, RR Maguire, KB Morgan, CL TI Host community compensation and municipal slid waste landfills SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNDESIRABLE LAND USES; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; NOXIOUS FACILITIES; MARKETS; RISKS AB Payments to communities from landfill developers in exchange for permission to construct, expand, or operate a landfill have become popular. The value of this host compensation varies widely, yet the factors that influence it are unexplored. We construct a unique data set of host fees paid by the 104 largest privately owned solid waste landfills in 1996. We find that citizen participation in host fee negotiations, experience hosting a landfill, state mandates for minimum host compensation, and firms with greater resources all lead to greater host compensation. We find limited evidence that neither the racial makeup or income level of the community nor the negative externalities associated with a landfill are important. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jerkins, RR (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 4 BP 513 EP 528 PG 16 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872BV UT WOS:000225181800004 ER PT J AU Sunderland, EM Gobas, FAPC Heyes, A Branfireun, BA Bayer, AK Cranston, RE Parsons, MB AF Sunderland, EM Gobas, FAPC Heyes, A Branfireun, BA Bayer, AK Cranston, RE Parsons, MB TI Speciation and bioavailability of mercury in well-mixed estuarine sediments SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methylmercury; estuaries; enrichment factor; sediment burial; Bay of Fundy ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; METHYLATION RATES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; EARLY DIAGENESIS; METHYLMERCURY; BAY; DEPOSITION; HARBOR AB Despite regulations controlling anthropogenic mercury sources in North America, high levels of mercury in coastal fish and shellfish are an ongoing problem in Maritime Canada and the Northeastern United States. This study presents sediment core data from a macrotidal estuary located at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy showing stratigraphic profiles of total and methylmercury concentrations and potential methylation rates measured using stable mercury isotopes. The results show that in contrast to the expected methylmercury profile typically observed in unmixed sediments, methylmercury production occurs throughout the estimated 15-cm-thick active surface layer of these well-mixed sediments. The resulting large reservoir of methylmercury in these sediments helps to explain why mercury concentrations in organisms in this system remain high despite emissions reductions. Current management policies should take into account the expected delay in the response time of well-mixed estuarine systems to declines in mercury loading, considering the greater reservoir of historic mercury available in these sediments that can potentially be converted to methylmercury and biomagnify in coastal food chains. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Univ Syst Maryland, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Geol Survey Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM sunderland.elsie@epa.gov RI Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014; OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548; Parsons, Michael/0000-0001-9158-5283 NR 43 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.021 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 873VL UT WOS:000225309100007 ER PT J AU White, PA Claxton, LD AF White, PA Claxton, LD TI Mutagens in contaminated soil: a review SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Salmonella; tradescantia; allium; mutagen; clastogen; soil pollution ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TRADESCANTIA-STAMEN HAIR; WOOD-PRESERVING WASTE; HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL-WASTE; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; HEAVY-METAL GENOTOXICITY; PEST-MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AB The intentional and accidental discharges of toxic pollutants into the lithosphere results in soil contamination. In some cases (e.g., wood preserving wastes, coal-tar, airborne combustion by-products), the contaminated soil constitutes a genotoxic hazard. This work is a comprehensive review of published information on soil mutagenicity. In total, 1312 assessments of genotoxic activity from 118 works were examined. The majority of the assessments (37.6%) employed the Salmonella mutagenicity test with strains TA98 and/or TA100. An additional 37.6% of the assessments employed a variety of plant species (e.g., Tradescantia clone 4430, Vicia faba, Zea mays, Allium cepa) to assess mutagenic activity. The compiled data on Salmonella mutagenicity indicates significant differences (p < 0.0001) in mean potency (revertents per gram dry weight) between industrial, urban, and rural/agricultural sites. Additional analyses showed significant empirical relationships between S9-activated TA98 mutagenicity and soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration (r(2) = 0.19 to 0.25, p < 0.0001), and between direct-acting TA98 mutagenicity and soil dinitropyrene (DNP) concentration (r(2) = 0.87, p < 0.0001). The plant assay data revealed excellent response ranges and significant differences between heavily contaminated, industrial, rural/agricultural, and reference sites, for the anaphase aberration in Allium cepa (direct soil contact) and the waxy locus mutation assay in Zea mays (direct soil contact). The Tradescantia assays appeared to be less responsive, particularly for exposures to aqueous soil leachates. Additional data analyses showed empirical relationships between anaphase aberrations in Allium, or mutations in Arabidopsis, and the (CS)-C-137 contamination of soils. Induction of micronuclei in Tradescantia is significantly related to the soil concentration of several metals (e.g., Sb, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn). Review of published remediation exercises showed effective removal of genotoxic petrochemical wastes within one year. Remediation of more refractory genotoxic material (e.g., explosives, creosote) frequently showed increases in mutagenic hazard that remained for extended periods. Despite substantial contamination and mutagenic hazards, the risk of adverse effect (e.g., mutation, cancer) in humans or terrestrial biota is difficult to quantify. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hlth Canada, Mutagenesis Sect, Safe Environm Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP White, PA (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Mutagenesis Sect, Safe Environm Program, Tunneys Pasture 0803A, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM paul_white@hc-sc.gc.ca OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583; white, paul/0000-0001-5853-4759 NR 465 TC 152 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 EI 1388-2139 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 567 IS 2-3 BP 227 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.09.03 PG 119 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 882NZ UT WOS:000225946900005 PM 15572286 ER PT J AU Claxton, LD Matthews, PP Warren, SH AF Claxton, LD Matthews, PP Warren, SH TI The genotoxicity of ambient outdoor air, a review: Salmonella mutagenicity SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE air toxics; air pollutants; emission sources; chemical characterization; source apportionment; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); polycyclic organic material (POM); atmospheric transport; atmospheric chemistry; complex mixtures; short-term bioassays; risk; Salmonella; mutagenicity; genotoxicity; carcinogens ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY; BIOASSAY-DIRECTED FRACTIONATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; MAMMALIAN-MICROSOME TEST; IN-VIVO GENOTOXICITY; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS AB Mutagens in urban air pollution come from anthropogenic sources (especially combustion sources) and are products of airborne chemical reactions. Bacterial mutation tests have been used for large, multi-site, and/or time series studies, for bioassay-directed fractionation studies, for identifying the presence of specific classes of mutagens, and for doing site- or source-comparisons for relative levels of airborne mutagens. Early research recognized that although carcinogenic PAHs were present in air samples they could not account for the majority of the mutagenic activity detected. The mutagenicity of airborne particulate organics is due to at least 500 identified compounds from varying chemical classes. Bioassay-directed fractionation studies for identifying toxicants are difficult to compare because they do not identify all of the mutagens present, and both the analytical and bioassay protocols vary from study to study. However, these studies show that the majority of mutagenicity is usually associated with moderately polar/highly polar classes of compounds that tend to contain nitroaromatic compounds, aromatic amines, and aromatic ketones. Smog chamber studies have shown that mutagenic aliphatic and aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds are produced in the atmosphere when organic compounds (even non-mutagenic compounds) are exposed to nitrogen oxides and sunlight. Reactions that occur in the atmosphere, therefore, can have a profound effect on the genotoxic burden of ambient air. This review illustrates that the mutagenesis protocol and tester strains should be selected based on the design and purpose of the study and that the correlation with animal cancer bioassay results depends upon chemical class. Future emphasis needs to be placed on volatile and semi-volatile genotoxicants, and on multi-national studies that identify, quantify, and apportion mutagenicity. Initial efforts at replacing the Salmonella assay for ambient air studies with some emerging technology should be initiated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM claxton.larry@epa.gov OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 407 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 EI 1388-2139 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 567 IS 2-3 BP 347 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.08.002 PG 53 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 882NZ UT WOS:000225946900006 PM 15572287 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM AF DeMarini, DM TI Genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke condensate: a review SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE cigarette smoke; mutagenicity; lung cancer; complex mixture; tobacco smoke ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; OXIDATIVE-DNA-DAMAGE; LUNG-CANCER PATIENTS; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; S-TRANSFERASE M1; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; HPRT MUTANT LYMPHOCYTES; PRIMARILY HEATS TOBACCO; K-RAS MUTATIONS AB This report reviews the literature on the genotoxicity of mainstream tobacco smoke and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) published since 1985. CSC is genotoxic in nearly all systems in which it has been tested, with the base/neutral fractions being the most mutagenic. In rodents, cigarette smoke induces sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei in bone marrow and lung cells. In humans, newborns of smoking mothers have elevated frequencies of HPRT mutants, translocations, and DNA strand breaks. Sperm of smokers have elevated frequencies of aneuploidy, DNA adducts, strand breaks, and oxidative damage. Smoking also produces mutagenic cervical mucus, micronuclei in cervical epithelial cells, and genotoxic amniotic fluid. These data suggest that tobacco smoke may be a human germ-cell mutagen. Tobacco smoke produces mutagenic urine, and it is a human somatic-cell mutagen, producing HPRT mutations, SCEs, microsatellite instability, and DNA damage in a variety of tissues. Of the 11 organ sites at which smoking causes cancer in humans, smoking-associated genotoxic effects have been found in all eight that have been examined thus far: oral/nasal, esophagus, pharynx/larynx, lung, pancreas, myeoloid organs, bladder/ureter, uterine cervix. Lung tumors of smokers contain a high frequency and unique spectrum of TP53 and KPAS mutations, reflective of the PAH (and possibly other) compounds in the smoke. Further studies are needed to clarify the modulation of the genotoxicity of tobacco smoke by various genetic polymorphisms. These data support a model of tobacco smoke carcinogenesis in which the components of tobacco smoke induce mutations that accumulate in a field of tissue that, through selection, drive the carcinogenic process. Most of the data reviewed here are from studies of human smokers. Thus, their relevance to humans cannot be denied, and their explanatory powers not easily dismissed. Tobacco smoke is now the most extreme example of a systemic human mutagen. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 385 TC 274 Z9 287 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 567 IS 2-3 BP 447 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.02.001 PG 28 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 882NZ UT WOS:000225946900009 PM 15572290 ER PT J AU Trudell, SA Rygiewicz, PT Edmonds, RL AF Trudell, SA Rygiewicz, PT Edmonds, RL TI Patterns of nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios in macrofungi, plants and soils in two old-growth conifer forests SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE N-15; C-13; ectomycorrhizal fungi; macrofungi; nutrient cycling; saprotrophic fungi; stable isotopes ID VERTICAL NICHE DIFFERENTIATION; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL TAXA; NATURAL N-15 ABUNDANCE; FIELD-COLLECTED FUNGI; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ORGANIC NITROGEN; BOREAL FORESTS; BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGI; VEGETATIVE MYCELIUM; NATIONAL-PARK AB To further assess the usefulness of stable isotope ratios for understanding elemental cycling and fungal ecology, we measured delta(15)N and delta(13)C in ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic macrofungi, plants, woody debris and soils from two old-growth conifer forests in Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. Ecosystem isotope patterns were similar at the two forests, but differences existed that appear to reflect soil nitrogen availability and C allocation within the ectomycorrhizal symbioses. delta(15)N and delta(13)C of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi differed in both forests, and a dual delta(15)N/delta(13)C plot provided the best means of distinguishing them. Within both groups, delta(15)N and delta(13)C differed among genera and species, and the difference in species composition was an important determinant of the different overall delta(15)N of the ectomycorrhizal fungi at the two forests. Variation in multiple ecophysiological traits such as organic N use, mycelial morphology and transfer of N to phytobionts appears to underlie the variation in the isotope signatures of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The varied isotope signatures of ectomycorrhizal fungi suggest considerable functional diversity among them. Life-history strategies could provide a framework for interpreting these patterns. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Div Ecosyst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Edmonds, RL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Div Ecosyst Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bobe@u.washington.edu NR 67 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 164 IS 2 BP 317 EP 335 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01162.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 860ME UT WOS:000224346900010 ER PT J AU He, YY Chignell, CF Miller, DS Andley, UP Roberts, JE AF He, YY Chignell, CF Miller, DS Andley, UP Roberts, JE TI Phototoxicity in human lens epithelial cells promoted by St. John's Wort SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; OCULAR PHOTOTOXICITY; LIGHT; DAMAGE; CAROTENOIDS; INHIBITION; MEMBRANE; CATARACT; EXPOSURE AB St. John's Wort (SJW), an over-the-counter antidepressant, contains hypericin, which absorbs light in the UV and visible ranges and is phototoxic to skin. To determine if it also could be phototoxic to the eye, we exposed human lens epithelial cells to 0.1-10 muM hypericin and irradiated them with 4 J/cm(2) UV-A or 0.9 J/cm(2) visible light. Neither hypericin exposure alone nor light exposure alone reduced cell viability. In contrast, cells exposed to hypericin in combination with UV-A or visible light underwent necrosis and apoptosis. The ocular antioxidants lutein and N-acetyl cysteine did not prevent damage. Thus, ingested SJW is potentially phototoxic to the eye and could contribute to early cataractogenesis. Precautions should be taken to protect the eye from intense sunlight while taking SJW. C1 Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Chem & Pharmacol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 113 W 60th St,Room 813, New York, NY 10023 USA. EM jroberts@fordha-m.edu NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 583 EP 586 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0583:PIHLEC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 890PX UT WOS:000226524400033 PM 15623347 ER PT J AU Jennings, DB Jarnagin, ST Ebert, DW AF Jennings, DB Jarnagin, ST Ebert, DW TI A modeling approach for estimating watershed impervious surface area from national land cover data 92 SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COVER; PROGRAM AB We used National Land Cover Data 92 (NLCD 92), vector impervious surface data, and roster GIS overlay methods to derive impervious surface coefficients per NLCD 92 class in portions of the Mid-Atlantic physiographic region. Sample areas for the study were thirty-six subwatersheds ranging in size from 2 km(2) to 150 km(2). A three-category rural-to-urban gradient design was utilized due to the changing sub-pixel relationship of impervious surface areas within developed/non-developed areas. A gradient rule based on the NLCD 92 DEVELOPED%. defined the sample areas as "rural" (<18 percent 'developed'), "intermediate" (18 percent-40 percent 'developed') and "dense suburban" (40.01 percent-80 percent 'developed'). The gradient scheme produced three separate sets of coefficients per NLCD 92 Level 1 and Level 2 class. Results show distinct per-class coefficient groupings across the rural-to-urban gradient with coefficients directly related to the increasing level of development in a subwatershed. We also developed a linear equation between the NLCD 92 DEVELOPED% and truth percent impervious area. Results show a relative accuracy of approximately 80 percent and a mean absolute TIA% estimate error of approximately 2.0 percent +/- 1.0 percent for both the Level 1 coefficients and the Level 2 coefficients. Results derived from the linear regression model show a relative accuracy of 70 percent with a mean absolute TIA% estimate error of approximately 2.0 percent +/- 1.0 percent. This suggests that a linear model can be used as a rapid assessment tool to approximate TIA% from NLCD 92 data. Results are based on a spatial aggregation of pixels to the subwatershed or "whole-area" scale and are most applicable to "pour-point" models utilizing a single percent impervious surface area parameter. The models reported here have been tested only in the Mid-Atlantic region (USEPA Federal Region 3). C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reston, VA USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Jennings, DB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reston, VA USA. EM jennings.david@epa.gov NR 42 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1295 EP 1307 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 868BP UT WOS:000224887600013 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Karickhoff, SW Carreira, LA AF Hilal, SH Karickhoff, SW Carreira, LA TI Prediction of the solubility, activity coefficient and liquid/liquid partition coefficient of organic compounds SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE physical properties; dispersion; induction; H-bonding; dipole-dipole; SPARC; SAR; activity coefficient; solubility and distribution coefficient ID CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; WATER; PARAMETERS AB Solvation models, based on fundamental chemical structure theory, were developed in the SPARC mechanistic tool box to predict a large array of physical properties of organic compounds in water and in non-aqueous solvents strictly from molecular structure. The SPARC self-interaction solvation models that describe the intermolecular interaction between like molecules (solute-solute or solvent-solvent) were extended to quantify solute-solvent interaction energy in order to estimate the activity coefficient in almost any solvent. Solvation models that include dispersion, induction, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions are used to describe the intermolecular interaction upon placing an organic solute molecule in any single or mixed solvent system. In addition to estimation of the activity coefficient for 2674 organic compounds, these solvation models were validated on solubility and liquid/liquid distribution coefficient in more than 163 solvents including water. The RMS deviations of the calculated versus observed activity coefficients, solubilities and liquid/liquid distribution coefficients were 0.272 log mole fraction, 0.487 log mole fraction and 0.44 log units, respectively. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hilal, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hilal.said@epa.gov NR 42 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 709 EP 720 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430866 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 875MZ UT WOS:000225425800001 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Gerner, I Hulzebos, E Schlegel, K AF Walker, JD Gerner, I Hulzebos, E Schlegel, K TI (Q)SARs for predicting skin irritation and corrosion: Mechanisms, transparency and applicability of predictions SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE skin irritation; corrosion; (Q)SARs; mechanisms ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; TESTING STRATEGIES; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; CHEMICAL-SUBSTANCES; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MAKING FRAMEWORKS; STRATUM-CORNEUM; QSARS AB This paper describes previously-developed (quantitative) structure-activity relationships [(Q)SARs]for predicting skin irritation and corrosion, proposes mechanisms of skin irritation and corrosion, and discusses the transparency and applicability of predictions. This paper was written to set the tone for companion papers that describe three applications of skin irritation and corrosion (Q)SARs. The first companion paper describes physicochemical property limits that can be used to develop rules for identifying chemical substances with no skin irritation or corrosion potential. The second companion paper describes structural alerts that can be used to develop rules for identifying chemical substances with skin irritation or corrosion potential. The third companion paper describes the Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET), a user-friendly tool that allows non-(Q)SAR experts to identify chemical substances with skin irritation or corrosion potential based on physicochemical property limits and structural alerts. C1 US EPA, TSCA ITC, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Fed Inst Risk Assessment BfR, Dept Assessment Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Risk, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, TSCA ITC, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM walker.johnd@epa.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430879 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 875MZ UT WOS:000225425800002 ER PT J AU Gerner, I Schlegel, K Walker, JD Hulzebos, E AF Gerner, I Schlegel, K Walker, JD Hulzebos, E TI Use of physicochemical property limits to develop rules for identifying chemical substances with no skin irritation or corrosion potential SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE skin irritation/corrosion (Q)SARs; physicochemical limit values; testing and assessment strategies; regulatory classification of chemical lesions after acute skin contact ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; TESTING STRATEGIES; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; EFFICIENT USE; QSARS; OPPORTUNITIES; UNCERTAINTY; TOXICOLOGY; RESOURCES; PROMOTE AB This is believed to be the first paper to promote the use of rules based on (quantitative) structure-activity relationship [(Q)SAR] models for identifying chemicals that are not likely to cause a specific adverse health effect, viz., skin irritation or corrosion. The purpose of this paper is to describe limit values for specific physicochemical properties that are appropriate for identifying chemical substances that have no skin irritation or corrosion potential. These physicochemical properties include melting point, molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient, surface tension, vapour pressure, aqueous solubility and lipid solubility. Based on analyses of 1833 chemicals, physicochemical properties for limits were defined to determine that when a chemical's physicochemical properties were either greater or less than these limits that these chemicals would have no skin irritation or corrosion potential. To facilitate classification and labeling, the application domains of these limits were constructed to correspond with the European Union's risk phrases for chemicals classified for skin irritation/corrosion, viz., R 34, R35 or R38. This is the second paper of four companion papers. The first paper discussed mechanisms that can lead to significant skin irritation or corrosion after acute exposures to chemicals. The third paper described the application of structural alerts to identify chemical substances with skin irritation or corrosion potential. The fourth paper described the Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET), a user-friendly tool that allows non-(Q)SAR experts to identify chemical substances with skin irritation or corrosion potential based on physicochemical property limits and structural alerts. In this second paper, rules were developed that can be used to predict the lack of any relevant skin irritation or corrosion potential within clearly defined chemical groups that can be compiled automatically by a computer without any chemical expert knowledge. These rules make available "physicochemical limit values" that can be used for computer-based identification of chemical substances that have no skin irritation or corrosion potential. C1 Fed Inst Risk Assessment BfR, Dept Assessment Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, TSCA ITC, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RIVM, Ctr Subst & Risk, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Gerner, I (reprint author), Fed Inst Risk Assessment BfR, Dept Assessment Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM i.gerner@bfr.bund.de NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 726 EP 733 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430880 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 875MZ UT WOS:000225425800003 ER PT J AU Andrews, JE Nichols, HP Schmid, JE Mole, LM Hunter, ES Klinefelter, GR AF Andrews, JE Nichols, HP Schmid, JE Mole, LM Hunter, ES Klinefelter, GR TI Developmental toxicity of mixtures: the water disinfection by-products dichloro-, dibromo- and bromochloro acetic acid in rat embryo culture SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; mixtures; developmental toxicity; rat embryo culture ID METHANOL AB The chlorination of drinking water results in production of numerous disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the important classes of DBPs is the haloacetic acids. We have previously shown that the haloacetic acids (HAs), dichloro (DCA), dibromo (DBA) and bromochloro (BCA) acetic acid are developmentally toxic in mouse whole embryo culture. Human exposure to these contaminants in drinking water would involve simultaneous exposure to all three HAs. This study explores the question of developmental toxicity interactions between these compounds. Gestational day (GD) 9.5 rat embryos were exposed to various concentrations of the three HAs (singly or in combination) for 48 h and then evaluated for dysmorphology. The embryonic effects from exposure to the single compounds and mixtures were evaluated using developmental score (DEVSC) as the parameter of comparison. Concentrations of individual compounds and mixtures were chosen (based on a dose-additivity model) which were predicted to produce scores 10 or 20% lower than control levels. Evaluations were performed on all possible combinations of the three HAs. The HAs were dysmorphogenic and resulted in primarily rotation and heart defects and to a lesser extent prosencephalic, visceral arch, and eye defects. The percent anomalies in the rat were comparable to those previously published for the mouse at comparable toxicant concentration. There was a low incidence of neural tube defects in the rat following exposure to the HAs. The rat neural tube appeared less sensitive to the HAs than did the mouse resulting in a higher rate of neural tube dysmorphology in the mouse. Following exposures to BCA and DBA, alone and in combination, there was a significant incidence of delayed embryonic caudal development with apparent normal development anterior to the second visceral arch. The developmental scores for embryos exposed to combinations of the three compounds, when compared to scores for embryos exposed to the single compounds, indicated that the dose-additivity model adequately predicted the observed toxicity and that the developmental toxicity of these water disinfection by-products appears to be additive in whole embryo culture (WEC). (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Andrews, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM andrews.james@epamail.epa.gov NR 19 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.06.005 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 856CJ UT WOS:000224020900014 PM 15336719 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Churg, A Roggli, VL AF Ghio, AJ Churg, A Roggli, VL TI Ferruginous bodies: Implications in the mechanism of fiber and particle toxicity SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE iron; lung diseases; oxidants; ferritin; asbestos ID MOUSE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; ASBESTOS BODIES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TRACHEAL EXPLANTS; INHALATION MODEL; LUNG INJURY; RAT LUNG; IN-VIVO; IRON; ACCUMULATION AB Exposures to fibers and particles can be associated with several different lung injuries including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, pleuritis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pneumoconiosis, mesotheliomas, and lung cancers. The mechanism of biological effect exerted by fibers and particles has not been exactly defined. Exposures to all fibers and particles introduce a solid-liquid interface into the lower respiratory tract. These surfaces all have some concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups that demonstrate a capacity to coordinate iron. Radical generation is catalyzed by this metal resulting in a cascade of cell signaling, transcription factor activation, and mediator release. We propose that the ferruginous body (i.e., a fiber or particle with a coating of both protein and iron) provides direct evidence of a participation of iron in the biological effect of both fibers and particles. It is recommended that an identification of ferruginous bodies in the lung be regarded as support for a metal-catalyzed oxidative stress in the mechanism of cell and tissue injury. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Vancouver, Vancouver, BC VGT 1Z4, Canada. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 49 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1080/01926230490885733 PG 7 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 887GJ UT WOS:000226293500003 PM 15513907 ER PT J AU Mundy, WR Freudenrich, TM Crofton, KM DeVito, MJ AF Mundy, WR Freudenrich, TM Crofton, KM DeVito, MJ TI Accumulation of PBDE-47 in primary cultures of rat neocortical cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polybrominated diphenyl ethers; cell culture; accumulation; in vitro ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; EXPOSURE; NEURONS; TRANSTHYRETIN; TRANSPORT; DE-71; MICE AB A number of recent studies have examined the neurotoxic actions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using in vitro cell culture models. However, there are few data reporting the final concentration of PBDEs in cells after in vitro exposure to these compounds. To address this issue, the present study examined the concentration-dependent and time-dependent accumulation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) in primary cultures of rat neocortex. Mixed cultures of neuronal and glial cells were prepared from the neocortex of newborn rats and grown for 7 days in vitro. The cells were then exposed to freshly prepared serum-free culture medium containing C-14-PBDE-47. Radiolabel associated with the cells or remaining in the medium was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Exposure to 0.01-3.0 muM PBDE-47 for 60 min resulted in a concentration-dependent accumulation in cells. At each concentration, approximately 15% of the applied PBDE-47 was associated with the cells, resulting in a 100-fold magnification of the applied concentration (e.g., a 60-min exposure to 1 muM resulted in an approximate 100 muM concentration in the cells); 55% of the PBDE remained in the medium and 30% was associated with the plastic culture dish. Exposure to 1 muM PBDE-47 resulted in a linear increase in PBDE-47 in cells with time for the first 60 min, which began to saturate at 120 min. Addition of serum proteins to the medium decreased accumulation; at 10% serum in the medium, only 3% of the applied PBDE-47 was associated with the cells and 96% remained in the media after 60 min. The total volume of exposure also influenced accumulation of PBDE-47. Doubling the volume of serum-free exposure medium (from 2 ml to 4 ml) but leaving the concentration constant (1 muM) resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in PBDE-47 concentration in the cells. These data show that a number of factors, including duration of exposure, volume of exposure, and concentration of serum proteins in the medium, can influence the accumulation of PBDE-47 in cells in vitro. For this highly lipophilic compound, use of medium concentration underestimates tissue concentration by up to two orders of magnitude. Thus, accurate information on the tissue concentration for in vitro experiments should be determined empirically. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 32 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh239 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 865LL UT WOS:000224704500018 PM 15282408 ER PT J AU Herr, DW Chanda, SM Graff, JE Barone, SS Beliles, RP Morgan, DL AF Herr, DW Chanda, SM Graff, JE Barone, SS Beliles, RP Morgan, DL TI Evaluation of sensory evoked potentials in Long Evans rats gestationally exposed to mercury (Hg-0) vapor SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mercury vapor; evoked potentials; sensory toxicity ID NERVE-CONDUCTION VELOCITY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; INORGANIC MERCURY; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; PERIPHERAL NEUROTOXICITY; CHLORALKALI WORKERS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; HOODED RATS; WATER MAZE; FLASH AB Mercury is known to alter neuronal function and has been shown to cross the placental barrier. These experiments were undertaken to examine if gestational exposure to mercury vapor (Hg-0) would result in alterations in sensory neuronal function in adult offspring. Dams were exposed to 0 or 4 mg/m(3) Hg-0 for 2 h/day from gestational days 6-15. This exposure paradigm has been shown to approximate a maximal tolerated dose of Hg-0 for the dams. Between postnatal days 140-168, male and female offspring (one of each gender/dam) were examined using a battery of sensory evoked potentials. Peripheral nerve action potentials, nerve conduction velocity, somatosensory evoked responses (cortical and cerebellar), brainstem auditory evoked responses, pattern evoked potentials, and flash evoked potentials were quantified. Gestational exposure to 4 mg/m(3) Hg-0 did not significantly alter any of the evoked responses, although there was a suggestion of a decrease in compound nerve action potential (CNAP) amplitudes in male animals for the 3 mA stimulus condition. However, this possible change in CNAP amplitudes was not replicated in a second experiment. All evoked potentials exhibited predictable changes as the stimulus was modified. This shows conclusively that the evoked responses were under stimulus control, and that the study had sufficient statistical power to detect changes of these magnitudes. These results indicate that gestational exposure to 4 mg/m(3) Hg-0 did not result in changes in responses evoked from peripheral nerves, or the somatosensory, auditory, or visual modalities. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, NTD, NPTB,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Roche Palo Alto LLC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Herr, DW (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, NTD, NPTB,ORD, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Herr.david@epamail.epa.gov NR 75 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh246 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 865LL UT WOS:000224704500021 PM 15310857 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Rogers, JM Grey, BE Barbee, BD Richards, JH Butenhoff, JL Stevenson, LA Lau, C AF Thibodeaux, JR Hanson, RG Rogers, JM Grey, BE Barbee, BD Richards, JH Butenhoff, JL Stevenson, LA Lau, C TI Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse: Maternal and prenatal evaluations (vol 74, pg 369, 2003) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Correction DE dibromoacetic acid; DNA hypomethylation; insulin-like growth factor 2; liver; c-myc; peroxisome proliferation C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 359 EP 359 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh280 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 865LL UT WOS:000224704500035 ER PT J AU Hughes, RM Howlin, S Kaufmann, PR AF Hughes, RM Howlin, S Kaufmann, PR TI A biointegrity index (IBI) for coldwater streams of Western Oregon and Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; FISH COMMUNITIES; WATER-QUALITY; COHO SALMON; BODY-SIZE; ASSEMBLAGES AB We developed, tested, and applied an index of biological integrity (IBI) for fish and amphibian assemblages in coldwater streams of the Oregon and Washington Coast Range. A probability sample of 104 wadeable sites was quantitatively sampled for fish and amphibian assemblages as well as physical and chemical habitat from 1994 to 1996. Natural gradients and anthropogenic disturbances were assessed by examining digital data for catchment-scale road density and vegetation cover, along with site-scale physical and chemical habitat data. A set of 109 candidate metrics was evaluated for variance properties, redundancy, and responsiveness to multiple measures of disturbance, resulting in the selection of eight metrics for the index. The IBI itself was subsequently evaluated for variance and responsiveness to disturbance, then compared against an independently selected set of 101 reference sites that had minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Our IBI was fairly precise, with an among-stream variance-residual variance (sampling time, measurement error, and crew error) ratio of 4.0 (indicating a theoretical maximum correlation of 0.80 between the IBI and a predictor variable with a similar ratio). The IBI was significantly correlated with multiple estimates of anthropogenic disturbance, and reference sites had significantly higher IBI scores than the nonreference sites. Low IBI scores were associated with low bed stability, instream cover, and riparian cover and structural complexity but high percent fine substrate, road density, and human disturbances of riparian areas. Applying this IBI we assessed fish assemblage condition in the Coast Range, inferring our results to all mapped (1:100,000-scale) wadeable streams in this region. Using 2 SDs from the reference sites mean as a biological criterion, 45% of stream kilometers (10,646 km) were classified as impaired. High IBI scores clustered near national parks and wilderness areas. Our results indicate that minimally disturbed regional reference sites and probability survey designs, which produce statistically representative sites and inferences with known confidence bounds, offer considerable advantages over least disturbed reference sites and hand-picked survey sites for making regional ecological assessments. C1 Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. W Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hughes, RM (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM hughes.bob@epa.gov NR 74 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1497 EP 1515 DI 10.1577/T03-146.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 869FZ UT WOS:000224970100014 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Gilmour, PS McGee, JK Watkinson, WP Jaskot, RH Richards, JR Ledbetter, AD Costa, DL Graff, DW Cascio, WE Rowan, WH Nyska, A AF Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Gilmour, PS McGee, JK Watkinson, WP Jaskot, RH Richards, JR Ledbetter, AD Costa, DL Graff, DW Cascio, WE Rowan, WH Nyska, A TI Paradoxical role of zinc in cardiac injury: A potential link environmental zinc exposure and cardiovascular morbidity SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Astra Zeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Greenville, NC USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 1917 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783500262 ER PT J AU Xie, A Wang, T Huang, YCT Wang, DS AF Xie, A Wang, T Huang, YCT Wang, DS TI Water-leachable components of ambient particulate matter alters regulation of cardiac electrical activity by adrenergic and cholinergic agonists SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Coll Pharm, Columbia, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 1914 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783500259 ER PT J AU El-Bizri, N Wang, LL Merklinger, SL Desai, K Rountree, RB Mishina, Y Rabinovitch, M AF El-Bizri, N Wang, LL Merklinger, SL Desai, K Rountree, RB Mishina, Y Rabinovitch, M TI Transgenic mice with arterial smooth muscle cell-specific conditional deletion of the bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor (BMPRIA/ALK3) are hyporesponsive to hypoxia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 624 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783500624 ER PT J AU Imahashi, K Schneider, MD Steenbergen, C Murphy, E AF Imahashi, K Schneider, MD Steenbergen, C Murphy, E TI Modulation of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) by Bcl-2 reduces mitochondrial ATP uptake and hydrolysis and mimics protective effects of diazoxide during ischemia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 971 BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783501130 ER PT J AU Yountz, M Caron, KM Yamada, KA Muller-Borer, BJ Graff, DW Johnson, TA Smithies, O Cascio, WE AF Yountz, M Caron, KM Yamada, KA Muller-Borer, BJ Graff, DW Johnson, TA Smithies, O Cascio, WE TI Early cellular responses in a transgenic mouse over-expressing renin increase ischemia-induced arrhythmia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 1399 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783501555 ER PT J AU Wong, JW Webster, MG Bezabeh, DW Hengel, MJ Ngim, KK Krynitsky, AJ Ebeler, SE AF Wong, JW Webster, MG Bezabeh, DW Hengel, MJ Ngim, KK Krynitsky, AJ Ebeler, SE TI Multiresidue determination of pesticides in malt beverages by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beer; malt beverages; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); selected ion monitoring (SIM); solid phase extraction; pesticides ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESPONSE ENHANCEMENT; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; RESIDUES; FATE; METABOLITES; VEGETABLES; CARBAMATE; HOPS AB A method was developed to determine pesticides in malt beverages using solid phase extraction on a polymeric cartridge and sample cleanup with a MgSO4-topped aminopropyl cartridge, followed by capillary gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode [GC-MS(SIM)]. Three GC injections were required to analyze and identify organophosphate, organohalogen, and organonitrogen pesticides. The pesticides were identified by the retention times of peaks of the target ion and qualifier-to-target ion ratios. GC detection limits for most of the pesticides were 5-10 ng/mL, and linearity was determined from 50 to 5000 ng/mL. Fortification studies were performed at 10 ng/mL for three malt beverages that differ in properties such as alcohol content, solids, and appearance. The recoveries from the three malt beverages were greater than 70% for 85 of the 142 pesticides (including isomers) studied. The data showed that the different malt beverage matrixes had no significant effect on the recoveries. This method was then applied to the screening and analysis of malt beverages for pesticides, resulting in the detection of the insectide carbaryl and the fungicide dimethomorph in real samples. The study indicates that pesticide levels in malt beverages are significantly lower than the tolerance levels set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for malt beverage starting ingredients. The use, of the extraction/cleanup procedure and analysis by GC-MS(SIM) proved effective in screening malt beverages for a wide variety of pesticides. C1 Alcohol & Tobacco Tax & Trade Bur, Alcohol & Tobacco Lab, Natl Lab Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Reg Lab, IR 4, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Drug Enforcement Adm, Western Lab, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Wong, JW (reprint author), Alcohol & Tobacco Tax & Trade Bur, Alcohol & Tobacco Lab, Natl Lab Ctr, 6000 Ammendale Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jon.wong@cfsan.fda.gov; seebeler@ucdavis.edu OI Ebeler, Susan/0000-0002-8394-6736 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 21 BP 6361 EP 6372 DI 10.1021/jf040109g PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 862RU UT WOS:000224509400001 PM 15478993 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Speakman, SA Payzant, EA AF Hutson, ND Speakman, SA Payzant, EA TI Structural effects on the high temperature adsorption of CO2 on a synthetic hydrotalcite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SWING ADSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUE-GAS; RECOVERY; HYDROXIDE AB Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) are solid sorbents that may potentially be used for high-temperature separation and capture of CO2. The high-temperature adsorption of CO2 on Mg-Al-CO3 HTlc is affected by structural changes that take place upon heating of the material. The structural changes of a synthetic HTlc upon heating to 200 and 400 degreesC in a vacuum were characterized using various analytical techniques. These structural changes were then related to observed behavior with respect to the physisorption and chemisorption of CO2 at 200 degreesC. Upon heating to 200 degreesC, the material retains its layered structure, though the interlayer spacing is decreased by similar to0.6 Angstrom due to loss of interlayer water. Chemisorption of CO2 at 200 degreesC represents more than half of the total adsorption capacity (at 107 kPa) due to increased availability of the framework Mg2+ cation and the subsequent formation of MgCO3. There is no significant increase of surface area or pore volume after heating to 200 degreesC. Upon heating to 400 degreesC the CO32- in the interlayer is decomposed and the material is completely dehydrated and partially dehydroxylated. The resulting amorphous 3-D structure with increased surface area and pore volume and decreased availability of the Mg2+ cation favors physisorption over chemisorption for these samples. An increased understanding of structure-property relationships will help in the further development of HTlcs as viable CO2 solid sorbents. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr E-305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 30 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 21 BP 4135 EP 4143 DI 10.1021/cm040060u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 863DT UT WOS:000224541600026 ER PT J AU Randall, P Chattopadhyay, S AF Randall, P Chattopadhyay, S TI Advances in encapsulation technologies for the management of mercury-contaminated hazardous wastes SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mercury; encapsulation; stabilization; solidification; hazardous wastes AB Although industrial and commercial uses of mercury have been curtailed in recent times, there is a demonstrated need for the development of reliable hazardous waste management techniques because of historic operations that have led to significant contamination and ongoing hazardous waste generation. This study was performed to evaluate whether the U.S. EPA could propose treatment and disposal alternatives to the current land disposal restriction (LDR) treatment standards for mercury. The focus of this article is on the current state of encapsulation technologies that can be used to immobilize elemental mercury, mercury-contaminated debris, and other mercury-contaminated wastes, soils, sediments, or sludges. The range of encapsulation materials used in bench-scale, pilot-scale, and full-scale applications for mercury-contaminated wastes are summarized. Several studies have been completed regarding the application of sulfur polymer stabilization/solidification, chemically bonded phosphate ceramic encapsulation, and polyethylene encapsulation. Other materials reported in the literature as under development for encapsulation use include asphalt, polyester resins, synthetic elastomers, polysiloxane, sol-gels, Dolocrete(TM), and carbon/cement mixtures. The primary objective of these encapsulation methods is to physically immobilize the wastes to prevent contact with leaching agents such as water. However, when used for mercury -contaminated wastes, several of these methods require a pretreatment or stabilization step to chemically fix mercury into a highly insoluble form prior to encapsulation. Performance data is summarized from the testing and evaluation of various encapsulated, mercury-contaminated wastes. Future technology development and research needs are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Environm Restorat Dept, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Randall, P (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM randall.paul@epa.gov RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014 NR 36 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871QL UT WOS:000225148200025 PM 15511593 ER PT J AU Cai, TT Olsen, TW Campbell, DE AF Cai, TT Olsen, TW Campbell, DE TI Maximum (em)power: a foundational principle linking man and nature SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE maximum power principle; empower; self-organizing systems; multilevel selection ID ENERGY-SYSTEMS CONCEPTS; REAL HEAT ENGINES; MUSCLE-CONTRACTION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; POWER OUTPUT; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION AB Hypothesized as a universal principle of system self-organization, selection for maximum power provided the basis for H.T. Odum's systems-based understanding of energy transformation dynamics, which ultimately resulted in his emergy-based methods of ecosystem and environmental policy analysis. Odum's formulation of the principle emphasized the selective advantage potentially available to systems that acquire useful energy at the maximum rate possible within their environments, with energy deemed useful if it reinforces production through increased available energy acquisition. Based on this principle, Odum postulated a correspondence of the maintenance requirements of energy fluxes with their contributions to system power acquisition. A quantitative correlate with usefulness is thus provided by emergy, i.e., by the available energy of one kind used directly or indirectly to maintain storages and flows. A more explicit and precise understanding of the energetics of self-organization was thus suggested, and Odum accordingly reformulated the principle as selection for maximum rate of emergy acquisition (i.e., empower), which provides the standard for assessment of system adaptedness in current methods of emergy analysis. The many corollary hypotheses derived from the principle include the selective prevalence of intermediate efficiencies and process rates and of pulsing dynamics, emergy hierarchies, and territoriality under appropriate energy-influx regimes. Assessments of socioeconomic and environmental alternatives might be further improved by integrating this principle with modem theories of multilevel selection. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Atlantic Ecol Div, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Cai, TT (reprint author), Atlantic Ecol Div, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.12.009 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846FU UT WOS:000223301800019 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP Cook, PM Lukasewycz, MT AF Burkhard, LP Cook, PM Lukasewycz, MT TI Biota-sediment accumulation factors for polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in southern Lake Michigan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; PCB CONGENERS; WATER DISTRIBUTION; DIETARY UPTAKE; DETROIT RIVER; BIOACCUMULATION; FISH; TOXICITY; MODEL AB A set of high-quality, age-specific biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have been determined from concentrations measured with high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, by use of the C-13 isotopic dilution technique, in lake trout and surficial (0-2 cm) sediment samples from southern Lake Michigan. BSAFs ranged from <0.1 to 18 for PCBs and from <0.001 to 0.32 for PCDDs and PCDFs detected in the fish. PCBs with zero or one chlorine in an ortho position had smaller BSAFs than other PCBs. PCDDs and PCDFs with chlorines at the 2,3,7,8-positions had larger BSAFs than most other PCDDs and PCDFs. The fidelity of the relative bioaccumulation potential data between independent lake trout samples, within and among age classes, suggests that differences in slight rates of net metabolism in the food chain are important and contribute to the apparent differences in BSAFs, not only for PCDDs and PCDFs but also possibly for some PCBs. A complicating factor for non-ortho- and mono-ortho-PCBs is the uncertain contribution of enhanced affinity for black carbon (and possibly volatility) acting in concert with metabolism to reduce measured BSAFs for lake trout. On the basis of the association between chemicals with apparent slight rates of metabolism and measured dioxin-like toxicity, several PCDFs with similar measured BSAFs but unknown toxicity may be candidates for toxicity testing. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM burkhard.lawrence@epa.gov NR 64 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 5297 EP 5305 DI 10.1021/es035215y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862VO UT WOS:000224519500012 PM 15543729 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Papke, O Tung, KC Staskal, D Birnbaum, L AF Schecter, A Papke, O Tung, KC Staskal, D Birnbaum, L TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination of United States food SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLAME RETARDANTS; NORTH-AMERICA; HUMAN-MILK; PBDES; EXPOSURE; FISH; BDE-47; TRENDS; WOMEN AB Elevated levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a type of brominated flame retardant, were recently detected in U.S. nursing mothers' milk. These halogenated compounds chemically and toxicologically resemble others such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), whose route of intake is almost exclusively through food of animal origin. This study is the first to report the levels of PBDEs in U.S. foods in a market basket survey of 30 food types (total of 32 food samples) from three major supermarket chains in Dallas, TX. Food samples were almost exclusively foods of animal origin: meat, fish, and dairy products. Thirteen PBDE congeners were measured for each sample. Levels were then compared to existing PBDE food studies from other countries where available. In this study, levels of PBDEs are highest in fish, then meat, and lowest in dairy products; median levels were 1725 (range 8.5-3078), 283 (range 0.9-679), and 31.5 (0.2-1373), parts per trillion (ppt), or pg/g, wet weight, respectively. Nonfat milk did not have any detectable PBDE levels. In fish, PBDE congener 47 (2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE) contributes up to 70% of the total PBDEs, followed by congeners 100 (2,2',4,4',6) and 99 (2,2',4,4',5). In meat congener 99 predominates, followed by 47. In dairy, BDE 47 predominates followed by 99. U.S. food PBDE levels measured in this study are higher than reported in two other published market based studies from Spain and Japan. Although these findings are preliminary and will be updated with analyses of new samples, they suggest that food is a major route of intake for PBDEs. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. ERGO Res, D-22305 Hamburg, Germany. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas Reg Campus,5323 Harry Hines Blvd,V8-112, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu NR 43 TC 148 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 5306 EP 5311 DI 10.1021/es0490830 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862VO UT WOS:000224519500013 PM 15543730 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Sorg, TJ Frietch, C AF Lytle, DA Sorg, TJ Frietch, C TI Accumulation of arsenic in drinking water distribution systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; FERRIHYDRITE; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; COAGULATION; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; GOETHITE; RELEASE AB The tendency for iron solid surfaces to adsorb arsenic is well-known and has become the basis for several drinking water treatment approaches that remove arsenic. It is reasonable to assume that iron-based solids,such as corrosion deposits present in drinking water distribution systems, have similar adsorptive properties and could therefore concentrate arsenic and potentially re-release it into the distribution system. The arsenic composition of solids collected from drinking water distribution systems (pipe sections and hydrant flush solids), where the waters had measurable amounts of arsenic in their treated water, were determined. The elemental composition and mineralogy of 67 solid samples collected from 15 drinking water utilities located in Ohio (7), Michigan (7), and Indiana (1) were also determined. The arsenic content of these solids ranged from 10 to 13 650 mug of As/g of solid (as high as 1.37 wt %), and the major element of most solids was iron. Significant amounts of arsenic were even found in solids from systems that were exposed to relatively low concentrations of arsenic (<10 mug/L) in the water. C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 5365 EP 5372 DI 10.1021/es049850v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862VO UT WOS:000224519500021 PM 15543738 ER PT J AU Morgan, DL Little, PB Herr, DW Moser, VC Collins, B Herbert, R Johnson, GA Maronpot, RR Harry, GJ Sills, RC AF Morgan, DL Little, PB Herr, DW Moser, VC Collins, B Herbert, R Johnson, GA Maronpot, RR Harry, GJ Sills, RC TI Neurotoxicity of carbonyl sulfide in F344 rats following inhalation exposure for up to 12 weeks SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbonyl sulfide; neurotoxicity; magnetic resonance microscopy; auditory system; brainstem auditory evoked responses; cytochrome oxidase ID AUDITORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; ENERGY DEPRIVATION SYNDROMES; NERVE-CONDUCTION VELOCITY; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; BRAIN-STEM; SELECTIVE VULNERABILITY; INFERIOR COLLICULUS; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; FLASH; RESPONSES AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS), a high-priority Clean Air Act chemical, was evaluated for neurotoxicity in short-term studies. F344 rats were exposed to 75-600 ppm COS 6 h per day, 5 days per week for up to 12 weeks. In rats exposed to 500 or 600 ppm for up to 4 days, malacia and microgliosis were detected in numerous neuroanatomical regions of the brain by conventional optical microscopy and magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM). After a 2-week exposure to 400 ppm, rats were evaluated using a functional observational battery. Slight gait abnormality was detected in 50% of the rats and hypotonia was present in all rats exposed to COS. Decreases in motor activity, and forelimb and hindlimb grip strength were also detected. In rats exposed to 400 ppm for 12 weeks, predominant lesions were in the parietal cortex area 1 (necrosis) and posterior colliculus (neuronal loss, microgliosis, hemorrhage), and occasional necrosis was present in the putamen, thalamus, and anterior olivary nucleus. Carbonyl sulfide specifically targeted the auditory system including the olivary nucleus, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and posterior colliculus. Consistent with these findings were alterations in the amplitude of the brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) for peaks N3, P4, N4, and N5 that represented changes in auditory transmission between the anterior olivary nucleus to the medial geniculate nucleus in animals after exposure for 2 weeks to 400 ppm COS. A concentration-related decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity was detected in the posterior colliculus and parietal cortex of exposed rats as early as 3 weeks. Cytochrome oxidase activity was significantly decreased at COS concentrations that did not cause detectable lesions, suggesting that disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain may precede these brain lesions. Our studies demonstrate that this environmental air contaminant has the potential to cause a wide spectrum of brain lesions that are dependent on the degree and duration of exposure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Chalk River Labs, Pathol Associates Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27511 USA. NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Sills, RC (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, 111 Alexander Dr,South Campus,MD B3-07,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sills@niehs.nih.gov OI Johnson, G.Allan/0000-0002-7606-5447 NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.04.013 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 865PM UT WOS:000224715000006 PM 15476866 ER PT J AU West, JJ Zavala, MA Molina, LT Molina, MJ San Martini, F McRae, GJ Sosa-Iglesias, G Arriaga-Colina, JL AF West, JJ Zavala, MA Molina, LT Molina, MJ San Martini, F McRae, GJ Sosa-Iglesias, G Arriaga-Colina, JL TI Modeling ozone photochemistry and evaluation of hydrocarbon emissions in the Mexico City metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone photochemistry; Mexico City; nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions; air quality modeling; urban air pollution ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; QUALITY; BASIN; CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERE; INVENTORY AB [1] Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and of CO are often underestimated, and correcting this underestimate is important for modeling ozone formation and sensitivity. The California Institute of Technology three-dimensional photochemical model is used to test the official emissions inventory for the Mexico City metropolitan area through a direct comparison of measured and modeled total nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and CO. The model is applied to six 2-day periods during the IMADA measurement campaign of March 1997. When using emissions based on the official emissions inventory, the model significantly underestimates measurements of total NMHCs and of CO. A best fit to the measurements ( with lowest bias) is found when increasing emissions of CO and VOCs by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. Adjusting total emissions accordingly, the model produces good estimates of ozone and NOx, with average normalized biases over 6 days of 3% and 32%, respectively, and with better agreement during daytime hours. This agreement for ozone and NOx supports the suggestion that VOC and CO emissions are underestimated. Other uncertainties are analyzed, finding that while some uncertainties are important, none is individually significant enough to account for the discrepancy. Correcting the total emissions, the overall model performance is found to be adequate, particularly on 3 days, for the model to be used for analysis of control strategies. Using the results of a chemical mass balance identification of NMHC sources highlights sources that are more likely underestimated, but confidence in the appropriate correction to emissions from different sources is low and should be investigated further. C1 Inst Mexicano Petr, Eje Cent Lazaro, Cardenas 152,Col San Bartolo, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, OAR OPAR, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 6103A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ltmolina@mit.edu RI West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Sosa, Gustavo/F-3912-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Sosa, Gustavo/0000-0002-4980-3491 NR 72 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19312 DI 10.1029/2004JD004614 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863RD UT WOS:000224578500004 ER PT J AU Watrud, LS Lee, EH Fairbrother, A Burdick, C Reichman, JR Bollman, M Storm, M King, G Van de Water, PK AF Watrud, LS Lee, EH Fairbrother, A Burdick, C Reichman, JR Bollman, M Storm, M King, G Van de Water, PK TI Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIES; DISPERSAL; TRAITS AB Sampling methods and results of a gene flow study are described that will be of interest to plant scientists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, and stakeholders assessing the environmental safety of transgenic crops. This study documents gene flow on a landscape level from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), one of the first wind-pollinated, perennial, and highly outcrossing transgenic crops being developed for commercial use. Most of the gene flow occurred within 2 km in the direction of prevailing winds. The maximal gene flow distances observed were 21 km and 14 km in sentinel and resident plants, respectively, that were located in primarily nonagronomic habitats. The selectable marker used in these studies was the CP4 EPSPS gene derived from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4 that encodes 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and confers resistance to glyphosate herbicide. Evidence for gene flow to 75 of 138 sentinel plants of A. stolonifera and to 29 of 69 resident Agrostis plants was based on seedling progeny survival after spraying with glyphosate in greenhouse assays and positive TraitChek, PCR, and sequencing results. Additional studies are needed to determine whether introgression will occur and whether it will affect the ecological fitness of progeny or the structure of plant communities in which transgenic progeny may become established. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Watrud, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM watrud.lidia@epa.gov NR 41 TC 159 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 40 BP 14533 EP 14538 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405154101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 860UR UT WOS:000224369600041 PM 15448206 ER PT J AU Wakeman, TP Kim, WJ Callens, S Chiu, A Brown, KD Xu, B AF Wakeman, TP Kim, WJ Callens, S Chiu, A Brown, KD Xu, B TI The ATM-SMC1 pathway is essential for activation of the chromium[VI]-induced S-phase checkpoint SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE ATM; SMCI; chromium; S-phase arrest; DNA double-strand breaks ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; CELL-CYCLE; DNA-DAMAGE; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; ATM; PROTEIN; CHROMIUM(VI); INVOLVEMENT; RESPONSES AB Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a common industrial waste product, an environmental pollutant, and a recognized human carcinogen. Following cellular uptake, Cr[VI] can cause DNA damage, however, the mechanisms by which mammalian cells respond to Cr-induced DNA damage remain to be elucidated. Using single cell gel electrophoresis (e.g., Comet Assay) and immunofluoresence microscopy to detect the presence of gamma-H2AX foci, we find that Cr[VI] induces DNA double-strand breaks similar to ionizing radiation (IR). We also demonstrated that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is activated in response to Cr[VI] and exposure to Cr[VI] triggers a dose and ATM-dependent S-phase arrest. Further, we document that ATM is required for phosphorylation of the structural maintenance of chromosome protein 1 (SMC1). Finally, we find that ATM-dependent phosphorylation of SMC1 is required to facilitate S-phase cell-cycle arrest in response to Cr[VI] exposure. Collectively, these results indicate that the ATM-SMC1 pathway plays a critical role in cellular response to Cr[VI]. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LSU Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. LSU Hlth Sci Ctr, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, Dept Genet, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assess, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Xu, B (reprint author), LSU Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, 533 Bolivar St,Room 406 CSRB, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM bxu@lsuhsc.edu NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 554 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.05.006 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 853IY UT WOS:000223821800025 PM 15450422 ER PT J AU Kundu, B Richardson, SD Granville, CA Shaughnessy, DT Hanley, NM Swartz, PD Richard, AM DeMarini, DM AF Kundu, B Richardson, SD Granville, CA Shaughnessy, DT Hanley, NM Swartz, PD Richard, AM DeMarini, DM TI Comparative mutagenicity of halomethanes and halonitromethanes in Salmonella TA100: structure-activity analysis and mutation spectra SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE halonitromethanes; halomethanes; mutagenicity; Salmonella; drinking water; mutation spectra ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; TYPHIMURIUM; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTOXICITY AB Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a recently identified class of disinfection by-products (DPBs) in drinking water that are mutagenic in Salmonella and potent inducers of DNA strand breaks in mammalian cells. Here we compared the mutagenic potencies of the HNMs to those of their halomethane (HM) homologues by testing all nine HNMs and seven of the nine HMs (minus bromomethane and chloromethane) under the same conditions (the pre-incubation assay) in Salmonella TA 100 +/- S9. We also determined the mutation spectra for several DBPs. In the presence of S9, all nine HNMs, but only three HMs, dibromomethane (DBM), dichloromethane (DCM), and bromochloromethane (BCM), were mutagenic. Only two DBPs of each class were mutagenic in the absence of S9. The HNMs were generally more potent mutagens than their HM homologues, and the brominated forms of both classes of DBPs were more mutagenic and cytotoxic than their chlorinated homologues. The HNMs were at least 10 times more cytotoxic than the HMs, and the cytotoxicity rankings in the presence of S9 were similar for the HNMs and the HMs. The addition of a nitro-group to BCM did not change the mutation spectra significantly, with both homologues inducing primarily (55-58%) GC --> AT transitions. The greater cytotoxic and mutagenic activities of the HNMs relative to the HMs are likely due to the greater intrinsic reactivity conferred by the nitro-group. Energy calculations predicted increased reactivity with increasing bromination and greater reactivity of the HNMs versus the HMs (E-lumo values were similar to20 kcal/mol lower for the HNMs compared to their HM homologues). Given that the HNMs also are potent genotoxins in mammalian cells [Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 62] and are more mutagenic and 10 x more cytotoxic in Salmonella than the HMs. whose levels are regulated in drinking water, further study of their occurrence and potential health effects is warranted. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 29 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 554 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.05.015 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 853IY UT WOS:000223821800033 PM 15450430 ER PT J AU Horncastle, VJ Hellgren, EC Mayer, PM Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Horncastle, VJ Hellgren, EC Mayer, PM Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Differential consumption of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: Implications for tree invasion SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POSTDISPERSAL SEED PREDATION; OLD-FIELDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BLUESTEM PRAIRIE; DISPERSAL; FOREST; VEGETATION; RODENTS; MICROHABITAT; COMMUNITIES AB Increased abundance and distribution of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginianus), a native species in the Great Plains, has been associated with changes in ecosystem functioning and landscape cover. Knowledge of the main consumers and dispersal agents of eastern red cedar cones is essential to understanding the invasive spread of the species. We examined animal removal of cedar cones in three habitats (tallgrass prairie, eastern red cedar and woodland-prairie margins) in the Cross Timbers ecoregion using three exclosure treatments during autumn and winter. Exclosure treatments excluded study trees from ungulates, from terrestrial rodents and ungulates or from neither (control). Loss of cones from branches varied by a habitat-time interaction, but was not affected by exclosure type. Loss of cones from containers located under experimental trees varied by a habitat-treatment-time interaction. In December and January, Cone Consumption from containers in no-exclosure treatments was highest in margins, followed by tallgrass prairie and eastern red cedar habitats. We Conclude birds consumed the majority of cones from branches and small and medium-sized mammals Consumed cones on the ground. Both birds and mammals likely contribute to the spread of eastern red cedar but at different scales. Limiting invasion of eastern red cedar in forests may require early detection and selective removal of pioneer seedlings in cross timbers and other habitats that attract a high diversity or density of frugivores. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, ORD, NRMRI, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ehellgr@okstate.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 152 IS 2 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0255:DCOERC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861FW UT WOS:000224402500006 ER PT J AU Bell, HE Liber, K Call, DJ Ankley, GT AF Bell, HE Liber, K Call, DJ Ankley, GT TI Evaluation of bioaccumulation and photo-induced toxicity of fluoranthene in larval and adult life-stages of Chironomus tentans SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; SEDIMENT PORE-WATER; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; SUNFISH LEPOMIS; LIGHT-INTENSITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; LAKE-MICHIGAN; ANTHRACENE; PHOTOTOXICITY AB Laboratory sediment tests were conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation and photo-induced toxicity of fluoranthene in larval and adult life-stages of the midge, Chironomus tentans. In the first of 2 experiments, fourth-instar and adult C. tentans exposed to spiked sediments (204 mug fluoranthene/g dry weight) were collected for determination of fluoranthene tissue concentrations and toxicity after ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment in the absence of sediment (water-only). Fluoranthene tissue concentrations in larvae collected after a 72-hour exposure period were 7 times greater than concentrations in adults collected on emergence from the same spiked sediments. Fluoranthene-exposed adults were tolerant of UV exposure (100% survival after 7 hours), whereas larvae were sensitive (0% survival after I hour). In the second experiment, C. tentans larvae were exposed for 96 hours to 2 sediment treatments (170 and 54 mug fluoranthene/g dry weight), after which fluoranthene tissue concentrations were determined and UV exposures conducted under water-only versus sediment conditions. Exposure to UV radiation, in conjunction with sediment, provided larvae with significant protection from photo-induced toxicity compared with the water-only exposure. Adults that emerged from the 2 sediment treatments were also analyzed for fluoranthene tissue residues and exposed to UV radiation. Fluoranthene tissue residues were higher in adult female than in adult male midges, but exuviae from both sexes contained higher fluoranthene concentrations than whole-body tissue, thus demonstrating that the molting process is a possible detoxification mechanism. Consistent with the greater tissue residue concentrations, female midges demonstrated a significant decrease in survival under UV exposure compared with male midges. These studies indicated that both the burrowing behavior of the larvae and the elimination of fluoranthene in molted exuviae are protective mechanisms against photo-enhanced PAH toxicity in this species. C1 US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. Univ Dubuque, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Dubuque, IA 52001 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Bell, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, MC4304T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bell.heidi@epa.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-3183-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 856OL UT WOS:000224054400003 PM 15386123 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL Alvarez, DA Petty, JD Huckins, JN AF Jones-Lepp, TL Alvarez, DA Petty, JD Huckins, JN TI Polar organic chemical integrative sampling and liquid chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry for assessing selected prescription and illicit drugs in treated sewage effluents SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA; WASTE-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CONTAMINANTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; METABOLITES AB The purpose of the research presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to demonstrate the coupling of two state-of-the-art techniques: a time-weighted polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and microliquid chromatography-electrospray/ion-trap mass spectrometry and (2) to assess the ability of these methodologies to detect six drugs (azithromycin, fluoxetine, omeprazole, levothyroxine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in a real-world environment, e.g., waste water effluent. In the effluent from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), azithromycin was detected at concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 ng/L, which is equivalent to a total annual release of 1 to 4 kg into receiving waters. Detected and confirmed in the effluent from two WWTPs were two illicit drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA, at 2 and 0.5 ng/L, respectively. Although the ecotoxicologic significance of drugs in environmental matrices, particularly water, has not been closely examined, it can only be surmised that these substances have the potential to adversely affect biota that are continuously exposed to them even at very low levels. The potential for chronic effects on human health is also unknown but of increasing concern because of the multiuse character of water, particularly in densely populated, arid areas. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov NR 26 TC 134 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-3146-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 866DK UT WOS:000224753800001 PM 15499492 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Perron, MM Cantwell, MG Ho, KT Serbst, JR Pelletier, MC AF Burgess, RM Perron, MM Cantwell, MG Ho, KT Serbst, JR Pelletier, MC TI Use of zeolite for removing ammonia and ammonia-caused toxicity in marine toxicity identification evaluations SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULVA-LACTUCA; SEDIMENTS; WATERS; TOXICANTS; TIES AB Ammonia occurs in marine waters including effluents, receiving waters, and sediment interstitial waters. At sufficiently high concentrations, ammonia can be toxic to aquatic species. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods provide researchers with tools for identifying aquatic toxicants. For identifying ammonia toxicity, there are several possible methods including pH alteration and volatilization, Ulva lactuca addition, microbial degradation, and zeolite addition. Zeolite addition has been used successfully in freshwater systems to decrease ammonia concentrations and toxicity for several decades. However, zeolite in marine systems has been used less because ions in the seawater interfere with zeolite's ability to adsorb ammonia. The objective of this study was to develop a zeolite method for removing ammonia from marine waters. To accomplish this objective, we performed a series of zeolite slurry and column chromatography studies to determine uptake rate and capacity and to evaluate the effects of salinity and pH on ammonia removal. We also assessed the interaction of zeolite with several toxic metals. Success of the methods was also evaluated by measuring toxicity to two marine species: the mysid Americamysis bahia and the amphipod Ampelisca abdita. Column chromatography proved to be effective at removing a wide range of ammonia concentrations under several experimental conditions. Conversely, the slurry method was inconsistent and variable in its overall performance in removing ammonia and cannot be recommended. The metals copper, lead, and zinc were removed by zeolite in both the slurry and column treatments. The zeolite column was successful in removing ammonia toxicity for both the mysid and the amphipod, whereas the slurry was less effective. This study demonstrated that zeolite column chromatography is a useful tool for conducting marine water TIEs to decrease ammonia concentrations and characterize toxicity. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-4003-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 866DK UT WOS:000224753800002 PM 15499493 ER PT J AU McKenney, CL Cripe, GM Foss, SS Tuberty, SR Hoglund, M AF McKenney, CL Cripe, GM Foss, SS Tuberty, SR Hoglund, M TI Comparative embryonic and larval developmental responses of estuarine shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) to the juvenile hormone agonist fenoxycarb SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; CRAB RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; GRASS SHRIMP; CYCLIC TEMPERATURES; CHRONIC TOXICITY; METAMORPHOSIS; REPRODUCTION; METHOPRENE AB Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were reared separately through both embryonic and total larval development during exposure to fenoxycarb at measured concentrations of <2.2 to 888 mu g L(-1). A fenoxycarb concentration of 888 mu g L(-1) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited embryonic development to larval hatching and extended the embryonic developmental period from 11.9 to 12.7 days. Exposure to fenoxycarb concentrations less than or equal to502 mug L(-1) had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on complete embryonic development. Significantly fewer shrimp successfully metamorphosed to postlarvae when exposed through complete larval development to fenoxycarb concentrations greater than or equal to4 mug L(-1). Larval development of grass shrimp was therefore >2 orders of magnitude more sensitive to this juvenile hormone agonist than was embryonic development. Viability of larvae developing in fenoxycarb was concentration dependent. Development beyond third zoeal stage was significantly inhibited at fenoxycarb concentrations greater than or equal to190 mug L(-1), whereas development beyond fourth zoeal stage was inhibited by a concentration of greater than or equal to45 mug L(-1). Fenoxycarb exposure of developing larvae did not alter either the duration of total larval development or the total number of larval stages before metamorphosis. Rearing of fenoxycarb-exposed embryos through larval development without further exposure had no significant effect on number of larval stages, larval development rate, or metamorphic success of larvae. Similarities in the sensitivity of grass shrimp larvae and mosquito larvae to fenoxycarb suggests that the use of a bioassay protocol measuring the metamorphic success of crustacean larvae would be a valuable adjunct to the hazard assessment of newly developed pesticides that target endocrine control of metamorphosis in insects and possibly other endocrine-disrupting xenobiotics as well. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP McKenney, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM mckenney.chuck@epa.gov NR 63 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-0294-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 866DK UT WOS:000224753800005 PM 15499496 ER PT J AU Gennari, A van den Berghe, C Casati, S Castell, J Clemedson, C Coecke, S Colombo, A Curren, R Dal Negro, G Goldberg, A Gosmore, C Hartung, T Langezaal, L Lessigiarska, L Maas, W Mangelsdorf, L Parchment, R Prieto, P Sintes, JR Ryan, M Schmuck, G Stitzel, K Stokes, W Vericat, JA Gribaldo, L AF Gennari, A van den Berghe, C Casati, S Castell, J Clemedson, C Coecke, S Colombo, A Curren, R Dal Negro, G Goldberg, A Gosmore, C Hartung, T Langezaal, L Lessigiarska, L Maas, W Mangelsdorf, L Parchment, R Prieto, P Sintes, JR Ryan, M Schmuck, G Stitzel, K Stokes, W Vericat, JA Gribaldo, L CA Report Recommendation ECVAM Work TI Strategies to replace in vivo acute systemic toxicity testing SO ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Workshop on In Vito Toxicology CY SEP 19-21, 2003 CL Tampere, FINLAND SP Scandinavian Soc Cell Toxicol ID 30 REFERENCE CHEMICALS; COMPARATIVE CYTOTOXICITY ANALYSIS; TOXICOLOGICAL RISK-EVALUATION; ACUTE LETHAL POTENCY; UP-AND-DOWN; MEIC EVALUATION; INTERNATIONAL VALIDATION; INVITRO CYTOTOXICITY; VITRO METHODS; CELL-LINE AB This is the report of the fiftieth of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importaace to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures that would enable it to become well informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test development and validation, and the potential for the possible incorporation of alternative tests into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this priority would be best achieved by the organisation of ECVAM workshops on specific topics, at which small groups of invited experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward (1). This ECVAM workshop on strategies to replace in vivo acute systemic toxicity testing was held at ECVAM on 15-18 September 2003, under the chairmanship of Laura Gribaldo. The participants represented academia, national organisations, international regulatory bodies and industry. The aim of the workshop was to review the state-of-the-art of in vitro methods for estimating acute systemic toxicity, and to develop research, development, and validation strategies necessary for the replacement of in vivo testing, with a focus on oral acute toxicity. The report describes the strategy proposed by the participants for using in vitro methods, and provides recommendations for the test method development and validation activities necessary to support such a strategy that might replace the use of animals for the acute toxicity testing of chemicals. C1 European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, ECVAM, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. LOreal Res, Aulnay Sous Bois, France. Hosp Univ La Fe, Ctr Invest, Dept Bioquim, Fac Med, Valencia, Spain. Expertradet AB, Sundbyberg, Sweden. Sicurezza Prod Polimeri Europa, Sicurezza & Ambiente, San Donato Milanese, Italy. Inst Vitro Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Med Res Ctr, DVM Med Safety Evaluat, Verona, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD USA. Hlth & Safety Execut, Bootle, Merseyside, England. European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, European Chem Bur, Ispra, Italy. TNO Chem, Physiol Sci Dept, Zeist, Netherlands. Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Dept Chem Risk Assessment, Hannover, Germany. SciTech Dev, Grosse Pointe, MI USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Pharmacol, Conway Inst Biomol & Biomed Res, Dublin 2, Ireland. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NeuroPharma, Madrid, Spain. RP Gribaldo, L (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, ECVAM, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM laura.gribaldo@jrc.it NR 60 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU FRAME PI NOTTINGHAM PA RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM NG1 4EE, NOTTS, ENGLAND SN 0261-1929 J9 ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM JI ATLA-Altern. Lab. Anim. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 437 EP 459 PG 23 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 876OC UT WOS:000225505600018 PM 15651930 ER PT J AU Middlebrook, A Turner, J Solomon, PA AF Middlebrook, A Turner, J Solomon, PA TI Special issue of Atmospheric environment for particulate matter: Atmospheric sciences, exposure, and the fourth colloquium on PM and human health SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Middlebrook, A (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304 NR 2 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 38 IS 31 SI SI BP 5179 EP 5181 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.007 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 856HS UT WOS:000224036900001 ER PT J AU Chu, SH AF Chu, SH TI PM2.5 episodes as observed in the speciation trends network SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Colloquium on PM and Human Health CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE meteorological influences on regional PM2.5 episodes; sulfate; nitrate; secondary organic aerosols; ammonium availability and aerosol acidity; episode selection; seasonality ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; PM(2.5); NITRATE; GROWTH; PM(10) AB Urban PM2.5 speciation data from the 2000-2002 Speciation Trends Network were analyzed to gain an understanding of the various species contributing to regional PM2.5 episodes. The seasonal differences of these episodes and their relationship to meteorology were also studied. The results of this analysis revealed that summertime PM2.5 episodes are dominated by high concentration of acidic sulfate particles and some elevated organic aerosols. There is clear evidence that simultaneously elevated organics coincide with high concentration of acidic sulfate particles in many areas in the summer PM2.5 episode and they peaked on a day. when solar radiation was obviously not very strong. This suggests that in summer, in addition to the conventional explanation of SOA formation through photochemical oxidation and partitioning, some other mechanism such as the presence of acidic particles could also play a role in enhancing the SOA production under heterogeneous reactions. In the cold seasons, however, nitrate and organic particles are the major contributors to the observed PM2.5 episodes with organic particles peaking in the fall and nitrates peaking in the winter. Given the weak solar radiations, cold temperatures, and an obvious decoupling of high organic aerosol concentrations with acidic particles in the winter, it suggests that the observed wintertime organic aerosols are essentially primary in nature. Meteorologically, regional PM2.5 episodes are predominantly triggered by stagnant high pressure systems with most of the high values occurred on the backside of the high pressure system or ahead of a quasi-stationary front where temperatures and relative humidity are high. The fact that the regional PM2.5 episodes can occur in almost any season and their major components are essentially secondary aerosols suggests that meteorology and aerosol thermodynamics are at least as important as the photochemistry in determining the high airborne PM2.5 concentrations. The dominance of nitrate episodes in the cold seasons reflects the fact that the wintertime ammonia emissions are generally high enough to neutralize most of the acids produced in the major industrial source regions. This is supported by the ammonium availability calculations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 OAQPS, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chu, SH (reprint author), OAQPS, US EPA, C504-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chu.shao-hang@epa.gov NR 24 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 38 IS 31 SI SI BP 5237 EP 5246 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.055 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 856HS UT WOS:000224036900007 ER PT J AU Conner, TL Williams, RW AF Conner, TL Williams, RW TI Identification of possible sources of particulate matter in the personal cloud using SEM/EDX SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Colloquium on PM and Human Health CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE scanning electron microscopy; particles; indoor; exposure; elderly ID EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; OUTDOOR; INDOOR AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) conducted the Baltimore Particulate Matter (PM) Epidemiology-Exposure Study of the Elderly during the summer of 1998. The study design included PM2.5 samples obtained from elderly (65 + years of age) retirement facility residents using personal exposure sampling devices. These sampling devices were also used to obtain PM2.5 samples at fixed locations within the personal monitoring subjects' apartments. Selected personal and apartment samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy with individual-particle X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), providing a qualitative assessment of the chemical and physical characteristics of geological and trace element particles collected within these micro-environments at the retirement facility. This information was used to identify possible indoor source particles. The manual surveys of the personal samples revealed that some particles larger than 2.5 mum reached the filter surface. Using SEM/EDX, several particle types with possible indoor origins were identified. The Al-Zr-Cl particle is likely to have originated from a personal antiperspirant product. Particles with a talc or alumino-silicate composition point to cosmetics as a possible source. Large cadmium-containing particles were also found, which may indicate the use of art pigments or ceramic glazes, or emissions from television screen phosphors. A greater variety of particles was observed in a personal sample compared with its corresponding fixed-location apartment sample. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Conner, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM conner.teri@epamail.epa.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 38 IS 31 SI SI BP 5305 EP 5310 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 856HS UT WOS:000224036900013 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA Simmons, RW Welch, RM Angle, JS AF Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA Simmons, RW Welch, RM Angle, JS TI An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; subsistence rice diets; nutritional interactions with Cd absorption ID SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL; CADMIUM INTAKE; ABSORPTION; HEALTH; BIOAVAILABILITY; DYSFUNCTION; TISSUES; WOMEN; IRON AB We believe greater consideration should be given the agronomic and nutritional/bioavailability factors that influence risk from Cd-contaminated soils. We have argued that the ability of rice to accumulate soil Cd in grain while excluding Fe, Zn and Ca (even though the soil contains 100-times more Zn than Cd) was important in adverse effects of soil Cd is farm families in Asia. Further, polished rice grain is deficient in Fe, Zn and Ca for humans, which promotes Cd absorption into duodenal cells. New kinetic studies clarified that dietary Cd is absorbed into duodenum enterocytes; Cd-109 from a single meal remained in the duodenum for up to 16 days; part of the turnover pool 109Cd moved to the liver and kidneys by the end of the 64-day 'chase' period. Thus malnutrition induced by subsistence rice diets caused a higher absorption of dietary Cd and much higher potential risk from soil Cd than other crops. Because rice-induced Fe-Zn-Ca-malnutrition is so important in soil Cd risk, it seems evident that providing nutritional supplements to populations of exposed subsistence rice farmers could protect them against soil Cd during a period of soil remediation. In the long term, high Cd rice soils need to be remediated. Remediation by removal and replacement of contaminated soil is very expensive ( on the order of $3 million/ha); while phytoextraction using the high Cd accumulating ecotypes of the Zn-Cd hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, should provide low cost soil Cd remediation. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks, ND USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. IWMI SEA, Bangkok, Thailand. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Simmons, Robert/0000-0002-9594-9934 NR 24 TC 75 Z9 139 U1 6 U2 47 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1023/B:BIOM.0000045737.85738.cf PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865KM UT WOS:000224701600015 PM 15688862 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Tingey, DT Beedlow, PA Johnson, MG McKane, RB AF Lee, EH Tingey, DT Beedlow, PA Johnson, MG McKane, RB TI A spatial analysis of fine-root biomass from stand data in the Pacific Northwest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; FORESTS; PATTERNS; TREES AB High spatial variability of fine roots in natural forest stands makes accurate estimates of stand-level fine-root biomass difficult and expensive to obtain by standard coring methods. This study uses aboveground tree metrics and spatial relationships to improve core-based estimates of stand-level fine-root biomass. Using the multiple-tree Ribbens model for pure stands, the approach assumes that the total fine-root biomass at a given point is the additive contribution of the nearest dominant trees and that fine-root biomass for a single tree depends on the distance to the trunk and its size. A Monte Carlo random sampling technique, or sampling on a regular grid, is used to estimate the average fine-root biomass across the stand. We illustrate the applicability of this approach by using it on root-core data from a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand and a western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) stand in the Pacific Northwest. We conclude that stand-level fine-root biomass is adequately estimated using the Ribbens model. Unlike the model-based estimate for stand-level fine-root biomass, the accuracy and precision of the arithmetic mean of the coring samples depends on the spatial heterogeneity of root distributions and the representativeness of the root coring samples. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Lee.EHenry@epa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2169 EP 2180 DI 10.1139/X04-098 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 870LF UT WOS:000225057900017 ER PT J AU Mao, DM Edwards, JR Kuznetsov, AV Srivastava, RK AF Mao, DM Edwards, JR Kuznetsov, AV Srivastava, RK TI Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a circulating fluidized bed reactor for multi-pollutant control SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modelling; simulation; fluidization; adsorption; coagulation; multiphase flow ID COMBUSTION; MODEL; COAL; FLOW AB Circulating fluidized bed adsorber (CFBA) technology is regarded as a potentially effective method for simultaneously controlling emissions of sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter, and trace heavy metals, such as mercury vapor. In order to analyze CFBA systems in detail, a gas mixture/solids mixture model based on the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is developed for particle flow, agglomeration, physical and chemical adsorption in a circulating fluidized bed. The solids mixture consists of two solids, one with components of CaO and CaSO4, and the other being an activated carbon. The gas mixture is composed of fine particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide, mercury vapor, oxygen and inert gas. Source terms representing fine particulate matter agglomeration onto sorbent particles, sulfur dioxide removal through chemical adsorption onto calcined lime, and mercury vapor removal through physical adsorption onto activated carbon are formulated and included into the model. The governing equations are solved using high-resolution upwind-differencing methods, combined with a time-derivative preconditioning method for efficient time-integration. Numerical simulations of bench-scale operation of a prototype CFBA reactor for multi-pollutant control are described. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Edwards, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 20 BP 4279 EP 4289 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2004.06.004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 859TZ UT WOS:000224292100009 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, MJ Pane, EF Wood, CM AF Chowdhury, MJ Pane, EF Wood, CM TI Physiological effects of dietary cadmium acclimation and waterborne cadmium challenge in rainbow trout: respiratory, ionoregulatory, and stress parameters SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; acid-base; cadmium; chronic; diet; hematology; plasma ions; respiration; stress; trout ID TELEOST OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ACID ALUMINUM STRESS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; CALCIUM LEVELS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; PERCA-FLAVESCENS AB A suite of respiratory, acid-base, ionoregulatory, hematological, and stress parameters were examined in adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after chronic exposure to a sublethal level of dietary Cd (500 mg/kg diet) for 45 days and during a subsequent challenge to waterborne Cd (10 mug/L) for 72 h. Blood sampling via an indwelling arterial catheter revealed that dietary Cd had no major effects on blood gases, acid-base balance, and plasma ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, and Cl-) in trout. The most notable effects were an increase in hematocrit (49%) and hemoglobin (74%), and a decrease in the plasma total ammonia (43%) and glucose (49%) of the dietary Cd-exposed fish relative to the nonexposed controls. Dietary Cd resulted in a 26-fold increase of plasma Cd level over 45 days (similar to24 ng/mL). The fish exposed to dietary Cd showed acclimation with increased protection against the effects of waterborne Cd on arterial blood P-aCO2 and pH, plasma ions, and stress indices. After waterborne Cd challenge, nonacclimated fish, but not Cd-acclimated fish, exhibited respiratory acidosis. Plasma Ca2+ levels declined from the prechallenge level, but the effect was more pronounced in nonacclimated fish (44%) than in Cd-acclimated fish (14%) by 72 h. Plasma K+ was elevated only in the nonacclimated fish. Similarly, waterborne Cd caused an elevation of all four traditional stress parameters (plasma total ammonia, cortisol, glucose, and lactate) only in the nonacclimated fish. Thus, chronic exposure to dietary Cd protects rainbow trout against physiological stress caused by waterborne Cd and both dietary and waterborne Cd should be considered in determining the extent of Cd toxicity to fish. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Chowdhury, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, MED, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM chowdhury.jasim@epa.gov NR 66 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2004.10.006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 882AV UT WOS:000225911700021 PM 15556079 ER PT J AU Newbold, S Eadie, JM AF Newbold, S Eadie, JM TI Using species-habitat models to target conservation: A case study with breeding mallards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; count regression; edge effects; GIS; habitat selection; Mallards; optimization; reserve site selection; species-habitat models; systematic conservation; wetlands ID RESERVE SELECTION ALGORITHMS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; WILDLIFE HABITAT; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; BIRDS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; WATERFOWL AB To make effective conservation decisions, managers must understand the ecology of species targeted for conservation and be able to apply that knowledge in decision-making. Most conservation research to date has focused on the first of these requirements, but lately ecologists and others have begun to address more systematically the decision-making component of conservation. In this paper, we develop an explicit model of species-habitat relations and incorporate it into an optimization framework for prioritizing sites for management. We then present a case study that applies these concepts to choosing sites for wetlands restoration to benefit breeding Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Central Valley of California, USA. First, a model of habitat selection by Mallards was estimated using count regression techniques. Our results indicate that breeding Mallard abundances depend not only on the amount of each land use type present, but also on the interspersion of particular land use types in the vicinity of each survey location. We then used the estimated parameters in an optimization model to predict the differences in the,expected total Mallard abundance under three generalized strategies for wetlands restoration. Our results suggest that using the spatial habitat preferences of Mallards to target restoration can lead to a greater-than-proportional increase in Mallard abundances: a simulated 50% increase in the total area of wetlands resulted in a nearly 80% increase in the total abundance of breeding Mallards. In contrast, simulated strategies for choosing restoration sites that did not account for the spatial habitat preferences of Mallards resulted in 13-33% increases in total abundance. Accounting for the spatial arrangement of preferred habitats when setting restoration priorities can enhance conservation effectiveness considerably. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, EPA W, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Newbold, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, EPA W, 4316T,Mc1809T,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM newbold.steve@epa.gov RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1393 DI 10.1890/03-5193 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863NN UT WOS:000224568800008 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Rose, LJ Johnson, CH Boczek, LA Arduino, MJ Reasoner, DJ AF Rice, EW Rose, LJ Johnson, CH Boczek, LA Arduino, MJ Reasoner, DJ TI Boiling and Bacillus spores SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID WATER C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1887 EP 1888 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 860XB UT WOS:000224376200038 PM 15515252 ER PT J AU Lewis, TE Wolfinger, TF Barta, ML AF Lewis, TE Wolfinger, TF Barta, ML TI The ecological effects of trichloroacetic acid in the environment SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethylene; 1,1,1-trichloroethane; aquatic ecosystem; terrestrial ecosystem; natural formation; ecological risk assessment; risk quotient ID NORWAY SPRUCE/SOIL-SYSTEM; VOLATILE CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; MULTIPLICATION INHIBITION TEST; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SCOTS PINE-SEEDLINGS; WATER POLLUTANTS; CHLOROACETIC ACIDS; HALOACETIC ACIDS; DRINKING-WATER; TRIFLUOROACETIC-ACID AB Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is a member of the family of compounds known as chloroacetic acids, which includes mono-, di- and trichloroacetic acid. The significant property these compounds share is that they are all phytotoxic. TCAA once was widely used as a potent herbicide. However, long after TCAA's use as a herbicide was discontinued, its presence is still detected in the environment in various compartments. Methods for quantifying TCAA in aqueous and solid samples are summarized. Concentrations in various environmental compartments are presented, with a discussion of the possible formation of TCAA through natural processes. Concentrations of TCAA found to be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms in laboratory and field studies were compiled and used to estimate risk quotients for soil and surface waters. TCAA levels in most water bodies not directly affected by point sources appear to be well below toxicity levels for the most sensitive aquatic organisms. Given the phytotoxicity of TCAA, aquatic plants and phytoplankton would be the aquatic species to monitor for potential effects. Given the concentrations of TCAA measured in various soils, there appears to be a risk to terrestrial organisms. Soil uptake of TCAA by plants has been shown to be rapid. Also, combined uptake of TCAA from soil and directly from the atmosphere has been shown. Therefore, risk quotients derived from soil exposure may underestimate the risk TCAA poses to plants. Moreover, TCE and TCA have been shown to be taken up by plants and converted to TCAA, thus leading to an additional exposure route. Mono- and di-chloroacetic acids can co-occur with TCAA in the atmosphere and soil and are more phytotoxic than TCAA. The cumulative effects of TCAA and compounds with similar toxic effects found in air and soil must be considered in subsequent terrestrial ecosystem risk assessments. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SAIC, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. SAIC, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewis.timothy@epa.gov; wolfingert@saic.com; bartam@saic.com NR 162 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1119 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2004.04.003 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854BF UT WOS:000223874300013 PM 15337357 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, CG TI Non-regulated water contaminants: emerging research SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE emerging pollutants; water pollution; water reuse/recycling; analytical chemistry; exposure; risk perception; PPCPs ID PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; ENVIRONMENTAL DISPOSITION; PHARMACEUTICALS; DRUGS AB Those chemical pollutants that are regulated under various international, federal, and state programs represent but a small fraction of the universe of chemicals that occur in the environment as a result of both natural processes and human influence. Although the number of these targeted chemicals might be minuscule compared with the universe of both known and yet-to-be identified chemicals, an implicit assumption is that these selective lists of chemicals are responsible for the most significant share of risk with respect to environmental or economic impairment or to human health. This paper examines some of the less-discussed aspects of the background and assumptions that underlie society's relationship with chemical pollutants in water, particularly with respect to the need for a more holistic understanding of exposure and risk. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Environm Chem Branch, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 NR 37 TC 190 Z9 205 U1 10 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0195-9255 J9 ENVIRON IMPACT ASSES JI Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 711 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.eiar.2004.06.003 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 858YD UT WOS:000224227700004 ER PT J AU Yiin, LM Lu, SE Sannoh, S Lim, BS Rhoads, GG AF Yiin, LM Lu, SE Sannoh, S Lim, BS Rhoads, GG TI Evaluation of cleaning methods applied in home environments after renovation and remodeling activities SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lead; dust; cleaning; renovation; remodeling; abatement AB We conducted a cleaning trial in 40 northern New Jersey homes where home renovation and remodeling (R&R) activities were undertaken. Two cleaning protocols were used in the study: a specific method recommended by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), in the 1995 "Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing," using a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered vacuum cleaner and a tri-sodium phosphate solution (TSP); and an alternative method using a household vacuum cleaner and a household detergent. Eligible homes were built before the 1970s with potential lead-based paint and had recent R&R activities without thorough cleaning. The two cleaning protocols were randomly assigned to the participants' homes and followed the HUD-recommended three-step procedure: vacuuming, wet washing, and repeat vacuuming. Wipe sampling was conducted on floor surfaces or windowsills before and after cleaning to evaluate the efficacy. All floor and windowsill data indicated that both methods (TSP/HEPA and non-TSP/non-HEPA) were effective in reducing lead loading on the surfaces (P<0.001). When cleaning was applied to surfaces with initial lead loading above the clearance standards, the reductions were even greater, above 95% for either cleaning method. The mixed-effect model analysis showed no significant difference between the two methods. Baseline lead loading was found to be associated with lead loading reduction significantly on floors (P<0.001) and marginally on windowsills (P = 0.077). Such relations were different between the two cleaning methods significantly on floors (P<0.001) and marginally on windowsills (P = 0.066), with the TSP/HEPA method being favored for higher baseline levels and the non-TSP/non-HEPA method for lower baseline levels. For the 10 homes with lead abatement, almost all post-cleaning lead loadings were below the standards using either cleaning method. Based on our results, we recommend that contractors or homeowners can use a household vacuum cleaner and a household detergent to clean lead-contaminated environments after R&R activities when HUD-recommended equipment is not available. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yiin, LM (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, 683 Hoes Lane W, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM lih-ming.yiin@umdnj.edu OI Yiin, Lih-Ming/0000-0001-7732-9291 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 2 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854ZZ UT WOS:000223943900006 PM 15325876 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Lombi, E Rock, SA McLaughlin, MJ AF Scheckel, KG Lombi, E Rock, SA McLaughlin, MJ TI In vivo synchrotron study of thallium speciation and compartmentation in lberis intermedia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRENCH AGROSYSTEMS; NATURAL-WATERS; PTERIS-VITTATA; TOXICITY; NICKEL; METALS AB Thallium (TI) is a metal of great toxicological concern and its prevalence in the natural environment has steadily increased as a result of manufacturing and combustion practices. Due to its low natural abundance and increasing demand, TI is the fourth most expensive metal, thus, recovery and reuse could be a profitable endeavor. The hyperaccumulator lberis intermedia was examined via in vivo micro-X-ray absorption near edge (mu-XANES) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) spectroscopies to determine the speciation and distribution of TI within leaves of the plant. I. intermedia plants were cultivated under controlled conditions in 0, 10, and 20 mg TI kg(-1) soil leading to a shoot concentration of up to 13 430 mg TI kg(-1) dry weight plant mass during 10 weeks of growth. Live plant leaves were examined by mu-XANES and mu-XRF which determined aqueous TI(I) to be the model species distributed primarily throughout the vascular network. A direct relationship of vein size to TI concentration was observed. The high uptake of TI and high potential biomass of L intermedia, combined with knowledge of TI speciation and compartmentation within the plant, are discussed in terms of accumulation/tolerance mechanisms, consequences for potential food chain contamination, and phytomining strategies to reclaim TI-contaminated soils, sediments, and waters. C1 US EPA, LRPCD, NRML, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. CSIRO Land & Water, Ctr Environm Contaminant Res, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Scheckel, KG (reprint author), US EPA, LRPCD, NRML, ORD, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013 OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5095 EP 5100 DI 10.1021/es049569g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100034 PM 15506204 ER PT J AU Ryu, JY Mulholland, JA Dunn, JE Iino, F Gullett, BK AF Ryu, JY Mulholland, JA Dunn, JE Iino, F Gullett, BK TI Potential role of chlorination on pathways in PCDD/F formation in a municipal waste incinerator SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DE-NOVO-SYNTHESIS; FLY-ASH; POLYCHLORO-DIBENZOFURANS; COMBUSTION; PRECURSORS; PHENOLS; MODEL; PCDF; CONDENSATION AB The role of chlorination reactions in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in a municipal waste incinerator was assessed by comparing predicted chlorination isomer patterns with incinerator flue gas measurements. Complete distributions of PCDD and PCDF congeners were obtained from a stoker-type municipal waste incinerator operated under 13 test conditions. Samples were collected from the flue gas prior to the gas cleaning system. While total PCDD/F yields varied by a factor of 5 to 6, the distributions of congeners were similar. A conditional probability model, dependent only on the observed distribution of monochlorinated isomers, was developed to predict the distributions of polychlorinated isomers formed by chlorination of dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) and dibenzofuran (DF). Agreement between predicted and measured PCDF isomer distributions was high for all homologues, supporting the hypothesis that DF chlorination can play an important role in the formation of PCDF byproducts. The PCDD isomer distributions, on the other hand, did not agree well with model predictions, suggesting that DD chlorination was not a dominant PCDD formation mechanism at this incinerator. This work demonstrates the use of PCDD/F isomer patterns for testing formation mechanism hypotheses, and the findings are consistent with those from other municipal waste combustion studies. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Math Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mulholland, JA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM james.mulholland@ce.gatech.edu NR 37 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5112 EP 5119 DI 10.1021/es0497227 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100036 PM 15506206 ER PT J AU Su, CM Puls, RW AF Su, CM Puls, RW TI Significance of iron(II,III) hydroxycarbonate green rust in arsenic remediation using zerovalent him in laboratory column tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; IN-SITU; CORROSION PRODUCTS; SIMULATING GROUNDWATER; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROMORPHIC SOILS; SILICA SORPTION; REMOVAL AB We examined the corrosion products of zerovalent iron used in three column tests for removing arsenic from water under dynamic flow conditions. Each column test lasted 3-4 months using columns consisting of a 10.3-cm depth of 50:50 (w:w, Peerless iron:sand) in the middle and a 10.3-cm depth of a sediment from Elizabeth City, NC, in both upper and lower portions of the 31-cm-long glass column (2.5 cm in diameter). The feeding solutions were 1 mg of As(V) L-1 + 1 mg of As(III) L-1 in 7 mM NaCl + 0.86 mM CaSO4 with or without added phosphate (0.5 or 1 mg of P L-1) and silicate (10 or 20 mg of Si L-1) at pH 6.5. Iron(II,III) hydroxycarbonate green rust (or simply, carbonate green rust) and magnetite were the major iron corrosion products identified with X-ray diffraction for the separated fractions (5 and 1 min sedimentation and residual). The presence of carbonate green rust was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (hexagonal morphology) and FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy (interlayer carbonate stretching mode at 1352-1365 cm(-1)). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation revealed the presence of predominantly As(V) at the surface of corroded iron particles despite the fact that the feeding solution in contact with Peerless iron contained more As(III) than As(V) as a result of a preferential uptake of As(V) over As(III) by the Elizabeth City sediment Extraction of separated corrosion products with 1.0 M HCl showed that from 86 to 96% of the total extractable As (6.9-14.6 g kg(-1)) was in the form of As(V) in agreement with the XPS results. Combined microscopic and macroscopic wet chemistry results suggest that sorbed As(III) was partially oxidized by the carbonate green rust at the early stage of iron corrosion. The column experiments suggest that either carbonate green rust is kinetically favored or is thermodynamically more stable than sulfate green rust in the studied Peerless iron corrosion systems. C1 US EPA, Ground Water Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM su.chunming@epa.gov NR 60 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5224 EP 5231 DI 10.1021/es0495462 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100051 PM 15506221 ER PT J AU Boethling, RS Howard, PH Meylan, WM AF Boethling, RS Howard, PH Meylan, WM TI Finding and estimating chemical property data for environmental assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE chemical properties; estimation methods; environmental fate; databases ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY INDEXES; FRAGMENT CONTRIBUTION METHOD; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; SOIL SORPTION COEFFICIENTS; NORMAL BOILING POINTS; 3 SOLUBILITY APPROACH; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY AB The ability to predict the behavior of a chemical substance in a biological or environmental system largely depends on knowledge of the physicochemical properties and reactivity of that substance. We focus here on properties, with the objective of providing practical guidance for finding measured values and using estimation methods when necessary. Because currently available computer software often makes it more convenient to estimate than to retrieve measured values, we try to discourage irrational exuberance for these tools by including comprehensive lists of Internet and hard-copy data resources. Guidance for assessors is presented in the form of a process to obtain data that includes establishment of chemical identity, identification of data sources, assessment of accuracy and reliability, substructure searching for analogs when experimental data are unavailable, and estimation from chemical structure. Regarding property estimation, we cover estimation from close structural analogs in addition to broadly applicable methods requiring only the chemical structure. For the latter, we list and briefly discuss the most widely used methods. Concluding thoughts are offered concerning appropriate directions for future work on estimation methods, again with an emphasis on practical applications. C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Syracuse Res, Environm Sci Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Boethling, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM boethling.bob@epa.gov NR 115 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2290 EP 2308 DI 10.1897/03-532 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 854XV UT WOS:000223938100004 PM 15511092 ER PT J AU Wang, AG Xia, T Yuan, J Yu, RA Yang, KD Chen, XM Qu, W Waalkes, MP AF Wang, AG Xia, T Yuan, J Yu, RA Yang, KD Chen, XM Qu, W Waalkes, MP TI Effects of phenobarbital on metabolism and toxicity of diclofenac sodium in rat hepatocytes in vitro SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diclofenac sodium; phenobarbital; sandwich culture; enzyme leakage; cytochrome P450 3A ID LIVER; 7-ETHOXYCOUMARIN; CULTURES; HUMANS; DRUG; PHARMACOKINETICS; HEPATOTOXICITY; IDENTIFICATION; BIOACTIVATION; CELLS AB Diclofenac sodium (DF-Na) was a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in various aspects of inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of phenobarbital (PB) on metabolism and toxicity of DF-Na in vitro and explore the potential mechanism of DF-Na induced hepatotoxicity. Rat hepatocytes were isolated by a modification of the two-step in situ collagenase perfusion technique and the harvested rat hepatocytes were cultured with sandwich method. Control or PB (2 mM) pre-treated hepatocytes were incubated with DF-Na (0.1, 0.05 or 0.01 mM) in vitro and cytosolic enzyme leakage levels, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity, and metabolite content of DF-Na in cell culture medium were measured. The results showed that without any treatment hepatocyte CYP 3A activity gradually decreased with culture time. On day four, CYP 3A activity was 53% of the initial value. The decline of CYP 3A was partially reversed by CYP inducer PB, and the maximum induction of CYP 3A was 2.2-fold over control after continuous exposure of hepatocytes to 2 mM PB for 48 h. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transamine (ALT) activity and the contents of the DF-Na metabolites 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (4'-OH-DF) and 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DF) in media appeared to increase with increasing DF-Na concentrations, though there were no significant differences between DF-Na exposed and control hepatocytes. However, if the hepatocytes first were pre-treated with 2 mM PB for 2 days and then exposed to DF-Na, the concentrations of DF-Na metabolites and the activity of LDH in the media were significantly higher than that of control group. These findings suggest that the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of DF-Na in rat hepatocytes are increased when hepatic CYP 3A activity is increased. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Environm Hlth, Wuhan 430034, Peoples R China. NCI, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wang, AG (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Environm Hlth, Wuhan 430034, Peoples R China. EM wangaiguo@mails.tjmu.edu.cn NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1647 EP 1653 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2004.05.010 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 850WA UT WOS:000223643900011 PM 15304311 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Thurston, HW Pawlowski, CW AF Mayer, AL Thurston, HW Pawlowski, CW TI The multidisciplinary influence of common sustainability indices SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CARRYING-CAPACITY; NATIONAL PRODUCT; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; RESILIENCE; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SCIENCE; IMPACT; IPAT AB Sustainability is often poorly defined and difficult to measure. We describe several concepts from ecology, economics, and physics, that have contributed to sustainability indices, and discuss their positive and negative aspects. Indices range from mostly ecological (such as ecosystem resilience and global human carrying capacity), to those inspired by both economics and ecology (green income and maximum sustainable yield), to a mix of ecology and physics (exergy and emergy). Economic concepts such as substitutability of natural and human capital (the "weak" versus "strong" sustainability debate), and throughput of natural resources through an economic system, are the basis for several strictly economic indices. The second law of thermodynamics, which dictates the decrease in usable energy, has also had an increasing influence on sustainability discussions. The indices described here address different aspects of the interactions between human societies and ecosystems, and are therefore probably most effective when used in combination. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mayer.audrey@epa.gov NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 2 IS 8 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0419:TMIOCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860OD UT WOS:000224352000016 ER PT J AU Pfeifer, HR Gueye-Girardet, A Reymond, D Schlegel, C Temgoua, E Hesterberg, DL Chou, JWQ AF Pfeifer, HR Gueye-Girardet, A Reymond, D Schlegel, C Temgoua, E Hesterberg, DL Chou, JWQ TI Dispersion of natural arsenic in the Malcantone watershed, Southern Switzerland: field evidence for repeated sorption-desorption and oxidation-reduction processes SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE arsenic; groundwater; soil; sorption; weathering; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CLAY-MINERALS; ADSORBED ARSENATE; ADSORPTION; SOILS; SPECIATION; FERRIHYDRITE; MOBILIZATION; GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENT AB In recent years, elevated arsenic concentrations have been found in waters and soils of many, countries, often resulting in a health threat for the local population. Switzerland is not an exception and this paper deals with the release and subsequent fate of arsenic in a 200-km(2) mountainous watershed, characterized by crystalline silicate rocks (gneisses, schists, amphibolites) that contain abundant As-bearing sulfide ore deposits, some of which have been mined for iron and gold in the past. Using analytical methods common for mineralogical, ground water and soil studies (XRD, XRF, XAS-XANES and -EXAFS, electron microprobe, extraction, ICP, AAS with hydride generator, ion chromatography), seven different field situations and related dispersion processes of natural arsenic have been studied: (1) release by rock weathering, (2) transport and deposition by water and ice; (3) release of As to the ground and surface water due to increasing pH; (4) accumulation in humic soil horizons; (5) remobilization by reduction in water-saturated soils and stagnant ground waters; (6) remobilization by using P-rich fertilizers or dung and (7) oxidation, precipitation and dilution in surface waters. Comparison of the results with experimental adsorption studies and speciation diagrams from the literature allows us to reconstruct and identify the typical behavior of arsenic in a natural environment under temperate climatic conditions. The main parameters identified are: (a) once liberated from the primary minerals, sorption processes on Fe-oxy-hydroxides dominate over Al-phases, such as Al-hydroxides or clay minerals and limit the As concentrations in the spring and well waters between 20 and 300 mug/l. (b) Precipitation as secondary minerals is limited to the weathering domain, where the As concentrations are still high and not yet too diluted by rain and soils waters. (c) Although neutral and alkaline pH conditions clearly increase the mobility of As, the main factor to mobilize As is a low redox potential (Eh close or below 0 mV), which favors the dissolution of the Fe-oxy-hydroxides on which the As is sorbed. (d) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of As in water-logged humic forest soils indicates that the reduction to As III only occurs at the solid-water interface and that the solid contains As as As V (e) A and Bh horizons of humic cambisols can effectively capture As when As-rich waters flow through them. Complex spatial and temporal variation of the various parameters in a watershed results in repeated mobilization and immobilization of As, which continuously transports As from the upper to the lower part of a watershed and ultimately to the ocean. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lausanne, Ctr Anal Minerale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pfeifer, HR (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Ctr Anal Minerale, BFSH 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM Hans-Rudolf.Pfeifer@cam.unil.ch NR 102 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT PY 2004 VL 122 IS 2-4 BP 205 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.009 PG 30 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 855ZL UT WOS:000224013300009 ER PT J AU Wright, S Van Akkeren, B Sykes, K AF Wright, S Van Akkeren, B Sykes, K TI Environmental and smart growth initiatives in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Implications for an aging population SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Gerontol Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 579 EP 580 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458802414 ER PT J AU Molinero, J Pozo, J AF Molinero, J Pozo, J TI Impact of a eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) plantation on the nutrient content and dynamics of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) in a small dytrsm SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE organic matter; Eucalyptus globulus; eucalyptus plantations; forest streams; litterfall; Aguera a watershed ID GRADIENT HEADWATER STREAMS; LEAF-LITTER; ALLOCHTHONOUS INPUT; CENTRAL PORTUGAL; RESOURCE LIMITATION; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; WOODLAND STREAM; FOREST STREAM; DEBRIS DAMS; STAND AGE AB Litterfall inputs, benthic storage and the transport of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were studied in two headwater streams, one. owing through a mixed deciduous forest and one through a plantation of Eucalyptus globulus. Vertical and lateral traps, transported CPOM and benthic CPOM were sampled monthly to biweekly and sorted into four categories: leaves, twigs and bark, fruits and flowers and debris. The litterfall inputs were about 20% lower at the eucalyptus site but this reduction was unevenly distributed among the litter categories. The reduction of the nitrogen and phosphorus inputs was larger (50%) than that of CPOM because of the low nutrient concentration of the CPOM at the eucalyptus site. Transported CPOM was also lower at the eucalyptus site. Although total CPOM inputs to the stream were reduced in the eucalyptus plantation, benthic storage of CPOM was 50% higher due to (1) high inputs of CPOM and low discharge during summer, ( 2) more twig and bark inputs, ( 3) eucalyptus leaves being retained more efficiently in the stream than deciduous leaves ( 4) a lower discharge, which may in part be attributable to eucalyptus-induced changes in the hydrological cycle. Increased retention balanced lower nitrogen and phosphorus content of CPOM, so benthic storage of nitrogen and phosphorus was similar at both sites. This work demonstrates that the timing, quality and quantity of inputs and benthic storage of CPOM in streams changes substantially because of the substitution of natural deciduous forest with eucalyptus plantation. Maintenance of buffer strips of natural vegetation may be the best way to protect ecological functioning of small, forested streams. C1 Univ Basque Country, Ecol Lab, Fac Ciencias, Bilbao 48080, Spain. ERD NERL, US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pozo, J (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, Ecol Lab, Fac Ciencias, Apdo 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain. EM gvppomaj@ehe.esu RI Pozo, Jesus/B-4719-2013 OI Pozo, Jesus/0000-0003-3104-5423 NR 83 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 528 IS 1-3 BP 143 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-2338-4 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 865SR UT WOS:000224723600011 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Dodds, WK AF Fritz, KM Dodds, WK TI Resistance and resilience of macroinvertebrate assemblages to drying and flood in a tallgrass prairie stream system SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE intermittent streams; prairie streams; macroinvertebrates; disturbance floods; drying ID 2 INTERMITTENT STREAMS; HEADWATER STREAM; DESERT STREAM; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; FAUNAL COMPOSITION; FLASH FLOODS; GREAT-PLAINS; TEMPORARY; PATTERNS AB Intermittent streams are common worldwide, and the ability of invertebrates to recover from floods and drought is a key feature of communities from these highly disturbed ecosystems. The macroinvertebrate assemblages of Kings Creek in northeastern Kansas were sampled regularly from four intermittent and two perennial sites over 2 years (1995-1996) to investigate the response and recovery to seasonal drying and floods. A similar to 9 mo drying period reduced taxa richness and density to 14% and 3% of pre-drying assemblages, respectively, in 1995-1996, whereas a 2 mo drying period reduced richness by half and density to 4% of pre-drying assemblages in 1996. Floods at intermittent sites reduced densities and richness by 95% and similar to50%, respectively. A > 50 y-flood reduced macroinvertebrate richness by 97% and density by > 99% at a downstream perennial site. Resistance and resilience of total macroinvertebrate density was typically greater to floods than to drying, whereas resilience of taxa richness did not differ between disturbance types. The time required for recovery to pre-flood conditions ( richness and density) was half as long ( 27 vs. 76 day) for intermittent sites compared to perennial sites. Colonization of intermittent sites was a function of distance from upstream refugia. Floods were a more important disturbance on assemblages in a downstream reach as compared to upstream reaches. In contrast, upstream reaches were more likely to dry. Recovery following flood and drought was dominated by colonization as opposed to tolerance, thus resilience is more important than resistance in regulating macroinvertebrate communities in these streams, and relative position in the landscape affects disturbance type, intensity, and ability of communities to recover from disturbance. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 62 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 37 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000043188.53497.9b PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 857PK UT WOS:000224130600011 ER PT J AU Mottaleb, MA Brumley, WC Pyle, SM Sovocool, GW AF Mottaleb, MA Brumley, WC Pyle, SM Sovocool, GW TI Determination of a bound musk xylene metabolite in carp hemoglobin as a biomarker of exposure by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; AMINO METABOLITES; SEWAGE SLUDGES; NITRO MUSKS; FRESH-WATER; FRAGRANCES; SAMPLES; KETONE; RATS C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Mottaleb, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM mmottaleb@yahoo.com NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 28 IS 7 BP 581 EP 586 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 858US UT WOS:000224218100006 PM 15516317 ER PT J AU de Soyza, AG Killingbeck, KT Whitford, WG AF de Soyza, AG Killingbeck, KT Whitford, WG TI Plant water relations and photosynthesis during and after drought in a Chihuahuan desert arroyo SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE phreatophytic; riparian; gas-exchange; channel-flow; rainfall; plant water potential ID GAS-EXCHANGE; CO2 AB In order to understand the physiology and ecology of perennial shrub species occupying the banks of ephemeral streams we studied the plant water relations and gas-exchange characteristics of six perennial shrub species growing along an ephemeral stream (arroyo) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Two of the species are restricted to riparian habitats (Brickellia laciniata and Chilopsis linearis), three are classified as semi-riparian (Fallugia paractoxa, Prosopis glandulosa, and Rhus microphylla) and one is considered to be non-riparian (Flourensia cernua). Differences in gas-exchange patterns and water relations emerged among these six species, yet differences among obligate, semi-riparian, and non-riparian classes of species were evident, but not universal. Chilopsis and Brickellia did not develop the low plant water potentials that characterized some semi-riparian (Rhus) and non-riparian species (Flourensia) during periods of drought. Rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were highest in Prosopis throughout the study, and were relatively constant in Chilopsis during and after drought. Whether water became available as channel flow or direct rainfall appeared to play a role in the physiology of these arroyo shrubs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP de Soyza, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM ag_desoyza@msn.com OI Killingbeck, Keith/0000-0002-4971-3592 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.01.011 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838MS UT WOS:000222718000003 ER PT J AU Harada, S Kasparcova, V Kamiya, N Starbuck, MW Gentile, MA Fukuda, T Behringer, RR Mishina, Y AF Harada, S Kasparcova, V Kamiya, N Starbuck, MW Gentile, MA Fukuda, T Behringer, RR Mishina, Y TI BMP type IA receptor signaling in osteoblasts regulates bone resorption and osteoclast functions. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326800040 ER PT J AU Sorial, GA Venosa, AD Koran, KM Holder, E King, DW AF Sorial, GA Venosa, AD Koran, KM Holder, E King, DW TI Oil spill dispersant effectiveness protocol. I: Impact of operational variables SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE oil spills; crude oil; dispersion; screening; sea water; protocols AB The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency protocol for testing the effectiveness of dispersants, the swirling flask test, has been found to give widely varying results in the hands of different testing laboratories. The sources of the ambiguities in the test were determined by considering several options in a rigorous systematic fashion. Options considered were variability among three operators and the variability and limitations of three analytical instruments in establishing a calibration curve for oil/dispersant mixtures. Other options included flask type, impact of operational variables (rotational speed, mixing time, settling time, and oil:dispersant ratio), development of a revised procedure for dispersant effectiveness, reproducibility and repeatability of the revised procedure, and development of selection criteria for screening of dispersants. A redesign of the test flask, which is characterized by having baffles with a stopcock at the bottom for sample collection, was deemed necessary to accomplish reproducibility within operator and between operators. The results indicated that the baffled flask provided a total coefficient of variation (variations within operator and between operators) less than 11% compared to above 100% in some cases for the swirling flask. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Statking Consulting Inc, Fairfield, OH 45014 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM george.sorial@uc.edu NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2004 VL 130 IS 10 BP 1073 EP 1084 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:10(1073) PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 865BN UT WOS:000224677600002 ER PT J AU Sorial, GA Venosa, AD Koran, KM Holder, E King, DW AF Sorial, GA Venosa, AD Koran, KM Holder, E King, DW TI Oil spill dispersant effectiveness protocol. II: Performance of revised protocol SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE oil spills; crude oil; dispersion; screening; sea water; protocols AB The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocol for testing the effectiveness of dispersants for use in treating oil spills on the open water, the swirling flask test (SFT), has been found to give widely varying results in the hands of different testing laboratories. Part I addressed the sources of the ambiguities in the EPA SFT and the development of a new test referred to as the baffled flask test (BFT). In this part of the series, further experiments were conducted for estimating the repeatability of three operators in determining the effectiveness of 18 dispersants by both the EPA SFT and the BFT methods. Overall statistical analysis of the results indicated that the coefficient of variation by the BFT was only 7.8% compared to 21.9% for the EPA SFT. The mean percent effectiveness of the EPA SIFT was only 19.7% as compared to 64.6% for the BFT. Proposed selection criteria for screening of dispersants for listing on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule have been developed. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Statking Consulting, Fairfield, OH 45014 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM george.sorial@uc.edu NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2004 VL 130 IS 10 BP 1085 EP 1093 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:10(1085) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 865BN UT WOS:000224677600003 ER PT J AU Tang, KM Nace, CG Maddaloni, MA Harkay, JD Graham, DR Koustas, RN Rotola, JD LaPosta, D Callahan, KC AF Tang, KM Nace, CG Maddaloni, MA Harkay, JD Graham, DR Koustas, RN Rotola, JD LaPosta, D Callahan, KC TI Evaluation of vacuum and wet-wipe methods for removal of world trade center dust from indoor environments SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOWER MANHATTAN AB The destruction of the buildings at the World Trade Center (WTC) complex dispersed dust and debris into the surrounding area. Pulverized building material made up most of the fallout and was intermixed with combustion byproducts of the aircraft and building contents. A study was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of several cleaning procedures in removing WTC-related contamination from lower Manhattan residences. The contaminants included asbestos, lead, dioxin/furans, synthetic vitreous fibers (fibrous glass), and crystalline silica. All cleaning procedures included the common elements of vacuuming and wet wiping with soap and water. This cleaning procedure combination is effective in reducing WTC-related contamination to below health-based benchmarks. Post-cleaning environmental test results suggested that airborne asbestos measurements can be used as a surrogate parameter in clearance determinations. C1 US EPA, Edison, NJ USA. US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Tang, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Edison, NJ USA. EM laposta.dore@epa.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1293 EP 1298 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859SP UT WOS:000224288500007 PM 15540581 ER PT J AU Parshionikar, SU Cashdollar, J Fout, GS AF Parshionikar, SU Cashdollar, J Fout, GS TI Development of homologous viral internal controls for use in RT-PCR assays of waterborne enteric viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE internal controls; enteric viruses; RT-PCR; environmental water ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; MESSENGER-RNA; COMPETITIVE PCR; STANDARD RNA; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; ENTEROVIRUSES AB Enteric viruses often contaminate water sources causing frequent outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are commonly used for detection of human enteric viruses in environmental and drinking water samples. RT-PCR provides a means to rapidly detect low levels of these viruses, but it is sensitive to inhibitors that are present in water samples. Inhibitors of RT-PCR are concentrated along with viruses during sample processing. While procedures have been developed to remove inhibitors, none of them completely remove all inhibitors from all types of water matrices. This problem requires that adequate controls be used to distinguish true from potentially false-negative results. To address this problem, we have developed homologous viral internal controls for hepatitis A virus (HAV), poliovirus. Norwalk virus and rotavirus. These internal controls can be used in RT-PCR assays for the detection of the above viruses by competitive amplification, thereby allowing the detection of false negatives in processed water samples. The internal controls developed in this study were successfully tested with virus-seeded environmental water sample concentrates. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fout, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fout.shay@epa.gov NR 31 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2004 VL 121 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.05.015 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 856JY UT WOS:000224042700006 PM 15350731 ER PT J AU Zepp, RG Sheldon, WM Moran, MA AF Zepp, RG Sheldon, WM Moran, MA TI Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeastern US coastal waters: correction method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitation-emission matrices SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Sciences Meeting 2002 CY FEB 11-15, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI DE fluorometry; EEMs; CDOM; FDOM; Raman; estuary; salinity ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; RIVER WATER; NATURAL FLUORESCENCE; INORGANIC CARBON; UNITED-STATES; MATTER; DOC; ABSORPTION; SEAWATER AB Fluorescence-based observations provide useful, sensitive information concerning the nature and distribution of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in coastal and freshwater environments. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) technique has become widely used for evaluating sources and sinks of CDOM. Water scattering peaks, however, can create problems for quantitative analysis and display of the EEMs, especially for samples with low CDOM concentrations. Here we report a new method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scatter peaks from EEMs during post-processing of the data in MATLAB(R). An algorithm was developed to excise scatter peaks (i.e. peak emission +/-10 - 15 nm at each excitation wavelength) from the scan data and replace the excised values using three-dimensional interpolation of the remaining data (Delaunay triangulation method). The interpolated surface was constrained to pass through the non-excised values so that only data in excised portions were replaced. Tests of the algorithm in non-scatter regions indicate expected deviations of 0-4% for interpolated regions of DOM fluorescence peaks (i.e. difference between measured and interpolated intensity after removal/interpolation), which is within machine error for the primary observations. This new scattering correction method is shown to provide much improved results in the quantitative analysis of EEMs compared to the conventional blank-subtraction procedure. The method is used to process EEMs and fluorescence quantum yields for water samples obtained along a salinity transect in a river located on the coast of the southeastern United States. Results of this analysis demonstrate observed shifts in EEM peak positions along most of the transect cannot be accounted for by a simple model that computes EEMs as a function of salinity assuming that the dominant driver of EEM spectral change is mixing between riverine and marine waters within the estuary. Other results show that fluorescence apparent quantum yields (AQYs) increased with increasing salinity and pH in the estuary and that the highest quantum yields are observed on excitation by 350-380-nm light. Modeling results and the observed EEM spectral changes indicate that photoreactions had an important effect on the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) optical properties in the estuary. The increase in fluorescence quantum yields with increasing salinity and pH in the estuary likely were caused by reactions involving magnesium or hydroxide ions that reduced fluorescence quenching by chelated iron and possibly other paramagnetic ions. The results of the study indicate that EEM analysis with careful scatter correction can provide a powerful tool for evaluating pathways for carbon cycling in estuaries. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zepp, RG (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM zepp.richard@epamail.epa.gov OI Moran, Mary Ann/0000-0002-0702-8167 NR 59 TC 148 Z9 168 U1 10 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.006 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 842OM UT WOS:000223013700003 ER PT J AU Chen, RF Bissett, P Coble, P Conmy, R Gardner, GB Moran, MA Wang, XC Wells, ML Whelan, P Zepp, RG AF Chen, RF Bissett, P Coble, P Conmy, R Gardner, GB Moran, MA Wang, XC Wells, ML Whelan, P Zepp, RG TI Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) source characterization in the Louisiana Bight SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Sciences Meeting 2002 CY FEB 11-15, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI DE chromophoric dissolved organic matter; source characterization; Louisiana Bight ID MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SOLAR-RADIATION; NATURAL-WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; IN-SITU; CARBON; FLUORESCENCE AB Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Mississippi plume region may have several distinct sources: riverine (terrestrial soils), wetland (terrestrial plants), biological production (phytoplankton, zooplankton, microbial), and sediments. Complex mixing, photodegradation, and biological processes make differentiation of the specific sources of CDOM difficult. Using a combination of high resolution in situ observations on an undulating vehicle, the ECOShuttle, a pumping system mounted on the vehicle, and detailed chemical and biological analyses of discrete samples allowed us to characterize two specific sources of CDOM in the Louisiana Bight: the river water constrained in the upper 12 m of the Mississippi River plume and several subsurface layers of CDOM below the plume. The subsurface CDOM maxima were coincident with steep pycnoclines and sometimes with maxima in chlorophyll a fluorescence. Both sources were actively supplying CDOM to the same location by entirely different processes. The subsurface CDOM was more biologically labile and photochemically refractory than the surface CDOM. Optical properties were also different with a relatively higher protein fluorescence and a lower spectral slope coefficient in the subsurface CDOM. The geographical extent of the two sources was determined by three-dimensional mapping of the area, and due to the relatively calm conditions in the summer of 2000, thin layers of CDOM produced in the subsurface were observed throughout the region. While riverine inputs dominated the distribution of CDOM in surface waters <12 m in depth, biological production of CDOM, probably due to the bacterial degradation of phytoplankton produced DOM dominated the subsurface waters. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Florida Environm Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33611 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Chen, RF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM bob.chem@umb.edu OI Moran, Mary Ann/0000-0002-0702-8167 NR 49 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.03.017 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 842OM UT WOS:000223013700016 ER PT J AU Deterding, LJ Bunger, MK Archer, TK Merrick, BA Bruno, ME Madenspacher, JE Dubin, JR Tomer, KB AF Deterding, L. J. Bunger, M. K. Archer, T. K. Merrick, B. A. Bruno, M. E. Madenspacher, J. E. Dubin, J. R. Tomer, K. B. TI Mass spectrometry in targeted and differential proteomics SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Deterding, L. J.; Bunger, M. K.; Archer, T. K.; Merrick, B. A.; Bruno, M. E.; Madenspacher, J. E.; Dubin, J. R.; Tomer, K. B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 10 SU S BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V44IA UT WOS:000202995200313 ER PT J AU Park, RM Bena, JF Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Gibb, HJ Lees, PSJ AF Park, RM Bena, JF Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Gibb, HJ Lees, PSJ TI Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: A quantitative risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE excess lifetime risk; hexavalent chromium exposure-response; race interaction ID CHEMICAL PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION WORKERS; MORTALITY AB The purpose of this investigation was to estimate excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death resulting from occupational exposure to hexavalent-chromium-containing dusts and mists. The mortality experience in a previously studied cohort of 2,357 chromate chemical production workers with 122 lung cancer deaths was analyzed with Poisson regression methods. Extensive records of air samples evaluated for water-soluble total hexavalent chromium were available for the entire employment history of this cohort. Six different models of exposure-response for hexavalent chromium were evaluated by comparing deviances and inspection of cubic splines. Smoking (pack-years) imputed from cigarette use at hire was included in the model. Lifetime risks of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium (assuming up to 45 years of exposure) were estimated using an actuarial calculation that accounts for competing causes of death. A linear relative rate model gave a good and readily interpretable fit to the data. The estimated rate ratio for 1 mg/m(3)-yr of cumulative exposure to hexavalent chromium (as CrO3) with a lag of five years, was RR = 2.44 (95% CI = 1.54-3.83). The excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium at the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (0.10 mg/m(3)) was estimated to be 255 per 1,000 (95% CI : 109-416). This estimate is comparable to previous estimates by U.S. EPA, California EPA, and OSHA using different occupational data. Our analysis predicts that current occupational standards for hexavalent chromium permit a lifetime excess risk of dying of lung cancer that exceeds 1 in 10, which is consistent with previous risk assessments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00512.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 875ML UT WOS:000225424400005 PM 15563281 ER PT J AU Yue, S Wang, CY AF Yue, S Wang, CY TI Scaling of Canadian low flows SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE low flow; scaling; regional hydrology; regression analysis ID DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPONENTS; RAINFALL AB Scaling properties of Canadian low flows, namely annual minimum mean 1-, 5- and 7-day flows, are evaluated across Canada and in its sub-climatic regions. Across the entire country, the log relationship between the kth product moments (PMs, E[Q(i)(k)]) Of low flows and drainage area (A(i)) can be represented by: ln(E[Q(i)(k)]) = a(k) + b(k) ln(A(i)) and b(k) = k0, with 0 = 0.86, 0.94 and 0.93 for annual minimum mean 1-, 5- and 7-day flows, respectively. The log linear relationships between the kth probability weighted moments (PWMs, (beta(Ai)(k) ) and A(i) are ln (beta(Ai)(k)) = c(k) + Hln(A(i)), in which H is constant and is independent of k. The values of H are 0.87, 0.97, and 0.96 for annual minimum mean 1-, 5- and 7-day flows, respectively, which are almost the same as the theta values. The coefficients of variation (Cv) are almost independent of drainage area. These results demonstrate that Canadian low flows generally exhibit simple scaling and drainage area alone describes most of the variability in the moments of the low flows. Low flows in each of the sub-climatic regions also obey a simple scaling law. The values of theta, H and Cv are different in each region, which may stem from physiographical and climatological differences among these regions. The finding lays a basis for applying the index flood method to conduct regional low flow frequency analysis as simple scaling is equivalent to the index flood method. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. China Dev Bank, Water Resources & Hydropower Sect, Evaluat Dept 1, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Yue, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yue.sheng@epa.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s00477-004-0176-6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 868GM UT WOS:000224902100001 ER PT J AU Klinefelter, GR Strader, LF Suarez, JD Roberts, NL Goldman, JM Murr, AS AF Klinefelter, GR Strader, LF Suarez, JD Roberts, NL Goldman, JM Murr, AS TI Continuous exposure to dibromoacetic acid delays pubertal development and compromises sperm quality in the rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; puberty; fertility; sperm biomarker ID DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION; WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; BY-PRODUCT; IN-VITRO; HALOACETIC ACIDS; PROTEIN SP22; TOXICITY; TESTES; VIVO AB Previously our work on the haloacid by-products of drinking water disinfection focused on adult exposures. Herein we evaluate the consequence of continuous exposure to dibromoacetic acid (DBA) via drinking water through reproductive development into adulthood. An initial study in which offspring were exposed from gestation day (GD) 15 through adulthood revealed significant delays in preputial separation and vaginal opening, dose-related decreases in the fertility of cauda epididymal sperm, and dose-related diminutions in the sperm membrane protein SP22. Subsequent studies consisted of groups in which exposure ceased on postnatal day 21 (PND 21) versus adulthood. For each exposure, animals were evaluated after puberty (PND 56) as well as at adulthood (PND 120). Exposure to 4, 40, or 400 ppm DBA from GD 15 through PND 21 failed to result in any significant reproductive alterations. By contrast, continuous exposure until adulthood resulted in dose-related alterations consistent with those observed in the dose-finding study. Preputial separation and vaginal opening were delayed 4 and 3 days in males and females exposed to 400 ppm (76.3 mg/kg) DBA. This was associated with increased responsiveness of both the testis and ovary to hCG ex vivo; hCG-stimulated testosterone production by testicular parenchyma on PND 56 was increased at 4 ppm (0.6 mg/kg) DBA and higher. Finally, the quality of proximal cauda epididymal sperm was compromised by continuous exposure to DBA. The sperm membrane proteome was altered in a dose-related manner with SP22, and one of its charged variants, diminished at 40 ppm (3.6 mg/kg) DBA and higher. As more sensitive endpoints are evaluated, lower effect levels can be attributed to haloacid exposure. We are now extending our evaluations to epidemiology studies designed to evaluate sperm quality in men exposed to varying levels of disinfection by-products. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM klinefelter.gary@epa.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 2 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh217 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 855BW UT WOS:000223948900020 PM 15254335 ER PT J AU Kaydos, EH Suarez, JD Roberts, NL Bobseine, K Zucker, R Laskey, J Klinefelter, GR AF Kaydos, EH Suarez, JD Roberts, NL Bobseine, K Zucker, R Laskey, J Klinefelter, GR TI Haloacid induced alterations in fertility and the sperm biomarker SP22 in the rat are additive: Validation of an ELISA SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; additivity; fertility; sperm biomarker ID DRINKING-WATER DISINFECTION; DIBROMOACETIC ACID; BY-PRODUCTS; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURES; PROTEIN; QUALITY; VIVO AB Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) and bromochloroacetic acid (BCA) are prevalent disinfection by-products of drinking water that produce defects in spermatogenesis and fertility in adult rats. Previously we demonstrated that BCA compromises the fertility of cauda epididymal rat sperm and SP22, a sperm membrane protein that is highly correlated with the fertility of these sperm. Herein, we administered DBA and BCA, individually and in combination, to determine whether fertility and levels of SP22 on sperm were diminished in an additive fashion. Moreover, we wished to validate an immunoassay for quantitation of SP22. In a dose finding study, animals were exposed by oral gavage daily for 14 days to: BCA alone at 1.6, 4, and 8 mg/kg; DBA at equimolar levels of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg; and two binary mixtures of 1.6 mg/kg BCA + 2 mg/kg DBA and 4 mg/kg BCA + 5 mg/kg DBA. The ED(50)s for the decrease in SP22 quantified by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE were 7.2 and 4.6 mg/kg for DBA and BCA. The ED(50)s for the decrease in SP22 quantified by ELISA were 8.1 and 5.9 mg/kg for DBA and BCA. The definitive study consisted of 2 and 4 mg/kg DBA, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/kg BCA, and a 2 mg/kg DBA + 1.6 mg/kg BCA mixture. The ED(50)s for decreases in fertility assessed by intrauterine insemination were 3.5 mg/kg and 2.7 mg/kg for DBA and BCA. Immunolocalization of SP22 in spermatocytes and spermatids, as well as on the cytoplasmic droplet and the equatorial segment of luminal sperm, was decreased by the DBA + BCA mixture. The decrease in SP22 in testicular parenchyma was comparable to that observed for sperm extracts. Based on 2D SDS-PAGE, ELISA, or fertility the haloacid-induced decreases in SP22 or fertility were additive or synergistic. The correlation between SP22 levels by ELISA and fertility was r(2) = 0.72 compared to 0.82 for SP22 levels by 2D SDS-PAGE and fertility, validating SP22 quantitation by ELISA. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM klinefelter.gary@epa.gov NR 24 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 2 BP 430 EP 442 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh218 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 855BW UT WOS:000223948900021 PM 15254336 ER PT J AU Zavaleta, JO Rossignol, PA AF Zavaleta, JO Rossignol, PA TI Community-level analysis of risk of vector-borne disease SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE vector-borne disease; zoonotic disease; lyme disease; modeling; community interaction; press perturbation ID LYME-DISEASE; QUALITATIVE PREDICTIONS; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSMISSION; ECOLOGY; BORRELIOSIS; MANAGEMENT; EPIDEMIC; SYSTEMS AB Ecological community structure is particularly important in vector-borne zoonotic diseases with complex life cycles. Qualitative community model analysis may provide a meaningful alternative to standard population-based models of vector-borne disease. We built on recent mathematical developments in qualitative community modeling coupled with conventional biomathematical models of vector-borne disease transmission, to provide a procedure to analyze risk. Using this procedure, we can hypothesize changes in risk of vector-borne disease from disturbances, such as control measures, habitat alteration, or global warming. We demonstrate the application of this procedure to an oak forest community to predict the risk of Lyme disease. Our predictions of Lyme disease risk in an oak forest community confirm reports of positive associations between deer abundance and risk of disease and are consistent with published observations. (C) 2004 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zavaleta, JO (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM orme-zavaleta.jennifer@epa.gov; Phil.Rossignol@orst.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 98 IS 10 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2003.12.014 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 848IY UT WOS:000223462100006 PM 15289098 ER PT J AU Utgikar, VP Chaudhary, N Koeniger, A Tabak, HH Haines, JR Govind, R AF Utgikar, VP Chaudhary, N Koeniger, A Tabak, HH Haines, JR Govind, R TI Toxicity of metals and metal mixtures: analysis of concentration and time dependence for zinc and copper SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microtox (R); acute toxicity; metal mixtures; synergism; time dependence; toxicity models ID MICROTOX(R) BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY; ION CHARACTERISTICS; RELATIVE TOXICITY; WATER; BIOASSAY AB The toxic effects of heavy metals, zinc and copper, in unary and binary solutions were studied using the Microtox(R) acute toxicity test which relies upon the attenuation of light intensity emitted by Vibrio fischeri. The toxic effect F (ratio of the light intensity lost at time t to the light intensity remaining at time t) of zinc could be related to its concentration [X] by a two-parameter equation Gamma=a(1-exp(-b[X])), where parameter a was a function of time and b equal to 0.88 L/mg. The toxic effect of zinc asymptotically approached a maximum with respect of to concentration at all times. The toxic effect of copper was fundamentally different from that of zinc, and increased exponentially with concentration without any limiting maximum value. It could also be described by a two-parameter equation, however, the equation had the form Gamma=aexp(b[X]), where parameter a was a constant and b a function of time. The different functional dependencies (of the toxic effect on the metal concentration) of zinc and copper indicate that different toxicity/inhibition mechanisms were possibly responsible for the attenuation of light intensity for the two metals. The toxic effects of binary mixtures were substantially higher than those expected on the basis of additivity of individual metals. No simple correlations were obtained that could relate the toxic effect of binary mixture to those of individual metals. A better understanding of metal microbe interactions is needed for achieving predictive capability for toxic effect of mixtures. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Treatment & Destruct Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Utgikar, VP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM vutgikar@if.uidaho.edu NR 33 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 3651 EP 3658 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.05.022 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 856AB UT WOS:000224014900002 PM 15350416 ER PT J AU Monarca, S Zani, C Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Moretti, M Feretti, D Villarini, M AF Monarca, S Zani, C Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Moretti, M Feretti, D Villarini, M TI A new approach to evaluating the toxicity of genotoxicity of disinfected drinking water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disinfected surface water; disinfection by-products; genotoxicity; sodium hypochlorite; chlorine dioxide; peracetic acid ID MICRONUCLEUS TEST; PERACETIC-ACID; TIBER RIVER; PLANT-TESTS; WASTE-WATER; URBAN AREA; MUTAGENICITY; EXTRACTS; CANCER; ASSAY AB The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of toxic and genotoxic compounds in surface drinking waters treated with two widely used disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and a new disinfectant, peracetic acid (PAA). For this purpose a pilot plant was set up to add these biocides continuously to prefiltered lake water flowing into three different basins. During three seasonal experiments, short-term in vivo tests (with plant, fish and molluscs) and in vitro tests (with bacteria, yeast and human cells) were carried out to evaluate the formation of genotoxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify DBPs produced during the different treatments, microbiological analyses were performed to test the biocidal activity of the disinfectants, and chemical analyses were carried out to evaluate the quality of the water. The pilot drinking water plant under study was useful in studying the toxicity and genotoxicity of disinfected drinking water with this combined chemical/biotoxicological approach. This paper describes the setting up of the pilot plant and sets out/reports the results of the microbiological and chemical analyses. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Perugia, Dept Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-06126 Perugia, Italy. Univ Brescia, Dept Appl & Expt Med, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Monarca, S (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dept Hyg & Publ Hlth, Via Giochetto, I-06126 Perugia, Italy. EM monarca@unipg.it OI Villarini, Milena/0000-0002-8769-883X; Moretti, Massimo/0000-0002-5038-8619 NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 3809 EP 3819 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 856AB UT WOS:000224014900019 PM 15350433 ER PT J AU Yue, S Wang, CY AF Yue, S Wang, CY TI Possible regional probability distribution type of Canadian annual streamflow by L-moments SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual streamflow; discordancy; L-moments; regional frequency analysis; regional hydrology; statistical hydrology ID FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; SERIES AB For effective planning, design, and management of water resources engineering, the probability distribution of annual streamflow is necessary. The method of L-moments is applied to identify the probability distribution type of annual streamflow in different climatic regions of Canada. In the Pacific and southern British Columbia mountains ( regions 1 and 2), the generalized extreme value ( GEV) distribution fits the observations best with the 3-parameter lognormal ( LN3) and log Pearson type III ( LP3) as potential candidates. In Yukon and northern British Columbia ( region 3), the LN3 distribution corresponds to observations best with the LP3 and P3 as potential candidates. In the northwestern forest ( region 5), the LP3 distribution matches observations best with the P3 and GEV as potential candidates. In Arctic Tundra ( region 10), the 3-parameter Weibull ( W3) is the best one with the LN3 and P3 as potential candidates. The P3 distribution provides a best-fit to observations in the Prairies ( region 4), northeastern forest ( region 6), great Lakes and St. Lawrence ( region 7), Atlantic ( region 8), and Mackenzie ( region 9) with the LN3, LP3, and GEV as potential candidates. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. China Dev Bank, Water Resources & Hydropower Sect, Evaluat Dept 2, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yue, S (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yue.sheng@epa.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.1023/B:WARM.0000049145.37577.87 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 873SE UT WOS:000225300400002 ER PT J AU Sierra-Santoyo, A Barton, HA Hughes, MR AF Sierra-Santoyo, A Barton, HA Hughes, MR TI Liquid chromatography determination of the anti-androgen vinclozolin and its metabolites in rat serum SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vinclozolin ID FUNGICIDE VINCLOZOLIN; DIFFERENTIATION; PERSISTENCE; EXPOSURE AB The objective of this study was to develop a chromatographic method for the analysis of the anti-androgen vinclozolin (V) and its metabolites 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (M1), 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (M2) and 3,5-dichloroaniline (M3) in rat serum. V, M1-M3 were resolved using an HPLC gradient program with a mobile phase consisting of 60-75% methanol: acetonitrile (70:30) and 0.05 M monobasic sodium phosphate buffer pH 3.3 at 1 ml/min, a C18 column, and monitored at 212 nm. Incubates of 0.01 M monobasic potassium phosphate buffer (PB) pH 7.4 and rat serum were spiked with V and its metabolites and processed by diluting samples (1:4) with 0.1 M PB pH 3.3, to limit methodological hydrolysis of analytes, followed by addition of acetonitrile. Recoveries of V, M1 and M2 ranged from 85 to 105%, whereas recovery of M3 was <25%. V was hydrolyzed to M1 and M2 after incubation in PB pH 7.4 and rat serum, with M1 the predominant metabolite. This method was successfully applied in the analysis of V and its metabolites in the serum of a male rat after oral administration of V (100 mg/kg). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. IPN, CINVESTAV, Toxicol Sect, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Hughes, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD SEP 25 PY 2004 VL 809 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.002 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 845KE UT WOS:000223240500015 PM 15282099 ER PT J AU Padilla, S Sung, HJ Moser, VC AF Padilla, S Sung, HJ Moser, VC TI Further assessment of an in vitro screen that may help identify organophosphorus pesticides that are more acutely toxic to the young SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; GULF-WAR VETERANS; PARAOXONASE PON1; ESTERASE-ACTIVITIES; MALATHION CARBOXYLESTERASE; CHLORPYRIFOS TOXICITY; SERUM PARAOXONASE; DEVELOPING RAT; AGE; SENSITIVITY AB Some, but not all, organophosphorus pesticides are more acutely toxic to the young as compared to adults. We have developed an in vitro assay that measures the detoxification potential (via carboxylesterase and A-esterases) of tissues. Previous results using this in vitro screen correlated with the marked in vivo sensitivity of the young to chlorpyrifos and also correlated with the equal sensitivity of the young and adult to methamidophos (Padilla et al., 2000). We have now extended these observations to two other pesticides that have already been shown in the literature to be more toxic to the young: parathion (paraoxon) and malathion (malaoxon). In our in vitro assay, liver or plasma from 7-d-old rats were much less efficacious than adult tissues at detoxification of the active metabolites of these two pesticides. Using our in vitro assay we also tested the active metabolite of diazinon, diazoxon, and again found that young liver or plasma possessed much less detoxification capability than adult tissues. From these results, we predicted that young animals would be more sensitive to diazinon, which, in fact, was the case: When postnatal day (PND) 17 or adult rats were given a dosage of 75 mg/kg diazinon, adult brain cholinesterase (ChE) was only inhibited 38%, while the brain ChE in the PND 17 animals showed much more inhibition (75%). We conclude that our in vitro screen may prove to be a useful, quick, convenient test for identifying which organophosphorus pesticides may be more acutely toxic to the young as compared to adults. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Korea Testing & Res Inst Chem Ind, Safety Assessment Ctr, Hazard Evaluat Headquarters, Gimpo, South Korea. US EPA, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Padilla, S (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM padilla.stephanie@epa.gov NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD SEP 24 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 18 BP 1477 EP 1489 DI 10.1080/15287390490483836 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 851WW UT WOS:000223718200005 PM 15371233 ER PT J AU Karl, T Potosnak, M Guenther, A Clark, D Walker, J Herrick, JD Geron, C AF Karl, T Potosnak, M Guenther, A Clark, D Walker, J Herrick, JD Geron, C TI Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: Implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE VOC; flux; PTRMS ID REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; QUERCUS-ILEX L; GAS-PHASE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SULFURIC-ACID; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS AB Disjunct eddy covariance in conjunction with continuous in-canopy gradient measurements allowed for the first time to quantify the fine-scale source and sink distribution of some of the most abundant biogenic (isoprene, monoterpenes, methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone) and photooxidized (MVK+MAC, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic, and formic acid) VOCs in an old growth tropical rain forest. Our measurements revealed substantial isoprene emissions (up to 2.50 mg m(-2) h(-1)) and light-dependent monoterpene emissions (up to 0.33 mg m(-2) h(-1)) at the peak of the dry season (April and May 2003). Oxygenated species such as methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were typically emitted during daytime with net fluxes up to 0.50, 0.36, and 0.20 mg m(-2) h(-1), respectively. When generalized for tropical rain forests, these fluxes would add up to a total emission of 36, 16, 19, 106, and 7.2 Tg/yr for methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, isoprene, and monoterpenes, respectively. During nighttime we observed strong sinks for oxygenated and nitrogen-containing compounds such as methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, MVK+MAC, and acetonitrile with deposition velocities close to the aerodynamic limit. This suggests that the canopy resistance (R-c) is very small and not the rate-limiting step for the nighttime deposition of many VOCs. Our measured mean dry deposition velocities of methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, MVK+MAC, and acetonitrile were a factor 10-20 higher than estimated from traditional deposition models. If our measurements are generalized, this could have important implications for the redistribution of VOCs in atmospheric chemistry models. Our observations indicate that the current understanding of reactive carbon exchange can only be seen as a first-order approximation. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Karl, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tomkarl@ucar.edu RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Walker, John/I-8880-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 97 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 23 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D18 AR D18306 DI 10.1029/2004JD004738 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857OG UT WOS:000224126500008 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC Allen, D AF Sidle, WC Allen, D TI Importance of groundwater sulfate to acidification in the Goose River watershed, Maine SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acidification; Maine; O-18; S-34; sulfate; watershed ID WALDOBORO PLUTON COMPLEX; SULFUR; BASIN; OXIDATION; DELTA-O-18; INDICATORS; COLORADO; ISOTOPES AB The role of groundwater sulfate discharge to ponds and streams within the Goose River basin (33.3 km(2)) is examined. While airborne sulfate deposition has declined, acidity in surface waters locally remains elevated. Monthly SO42- analyses (1999-2002) of wet deposition and surface waters are reported, and a sulfate budget for six catchments of the Goose River watershed, Maine is calculated. Groundwater delta(34)S(SO 4) values from different bedrock types are beneficial in identifying groundwater source(s) of sulfate in surface waters and discriminating them from atmospheric sulfate deposition. The variability of proposed sulfide oxidation among certain local chalcophile rocks and the depth of aeration in these sheared granitoids are elucidated from delta(18)O(SO 4) and delta(18)O(H 2 O) data. Cosmogenic S-35(SO 4) residence times estimate new atmospheric SO42- deposition in the catchments and production of SO42- from water-rock interactions among some fractured granitoids. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk & Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources, Isotope Hydrol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk & Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Waste Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk & Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources, Isotope Hydrol Lab, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 9 AR W09402 DI 10.1029/2004WR003101 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 857OT UT WOS:000224128000001 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Varma, RS AF Kim, YJ Varma, RS TI Microwave-assisted preparation of cyclic ureas from diamines in the presence of ZnO SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave-assisted synthesis; diamine; cyclic urea; urethane; ZnO ID CHEMISTRY; IRRADIATION AB A microwave-assisted facile method for the preparation of various ureas, cyclic ureas, and urethanes has been developed that affords nearly quantitative yield of products at 120 degreesC (150W), 71 kPa within 10 min using ZnO as a catalyst. The enhanced selectivity in this reaction is attributed to the deployment of ZnO whose absence results in poor yield and the generation of byproducts. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 19 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 39 BP 7205 EP 7208 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.08.042 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 856AY UT WOS:000224017200006 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Woo, YT McKague, AB AF Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Richardson, SD Thruston, AD Woo, YT McKague, AB TI Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered lodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELL CYTOTOXICITY; WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; IN-VITRO; HALOACETIC ACIDS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; METHYL-IODIDE; TOXICITY; RAT; MUTAGENICITY; GENOTOXICITY AB lodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were recently uncovered in drinking water samples from source water with a high bromide/iodide concentration that was disinfected with chloramines. The purpose of this paper is to report the analytical chemical identification of iodoacetic acid (IA) and other iodoacids in drinking water samples, to address the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of IA in Salmonella typhimurium and mammalian cells, and to report a structure-function analysis of IA with its chlorinated and brominated monohalogenated analogues. The iodoacid DBPs were identified as iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)- and (E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid, and (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid. IA represents a new class (iodoacid DBPs) of highly toxic drinking water contaminants. The cytotoxicity of IA in S. typhimurium was 2.9x and 53.5x higher than bromoacetic acid (BA) and chloroacetic acid (CA), respectively. A similar trend was found with cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; IA was 3.2x and 287.5x more potent than BA and CA, respectively. This rank order was also expressed in its genotoxicity with]A being 2.6x and 523.3x more mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA100 than BA and CA, respectively.]A was 2.0x more genotoxic than BA and 47.2x more genotoxic than CA in CHO cells. The rank order of the toxicity of these monohalogenated acetic acids is correlated with the electrophilic reactivity of the DBPs. IA is the most toxic and genotoxic DBP in mammalian cells reported in the literature. These data suggest that chloraminated drinking waters that have high bromide and iodide source waters may contain these iodoacids and most likely other iodo-DBPs. Ultimately, it will be important to know the levels at which these iodoacids occur in drinking water in order to assess the potential for adverse environmental and human health risks. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mplewa@uiuc.edu NR 54 TC 203 Z9 218 U1 25 U2 143 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 18 BP 4713 EP 4722 DI 10.1021/es049971v PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854XZ UT WOS:000223938500007 PM 15487777 ER PT J AU Avery, GB Kieber, RJ Willey, JD Shank, GC Whitehead, RF AF Avery, GB Kieber, RJ Willey, JD Shank, GC Whitehead, RF TI Impact of hurricanes on the flux of rainwater and Cape Fear River water dissolved organic carbon to Long Bay, southeastern United States SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; DOC; dissolved organic carbon; oceans; rainwater DOC ID TRANSPORT; ESTUARY AB The hurricane flux of rain and river water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to Long Bay located on the southeastern coast of the United States was determined for four hurricanes that made landfall in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina. Riverine flux of DOC following hurricanes Fran (1996) and Floyd (1999) represented one third and one half of the entire annual river flux of DOC to Long Bay, respectively. The majority of this DOC was recalcitrant and not available for biological consumption. The high flux of DOC from hurricane Floyd resulted from extremely high precipitation amounts (in excess of 50 cm) associated with the hurricane and subsequent flooding. High riverine DOC fluxes were observed following hurricane Fran but not hurricanes Bertha (1996) and Bonnie (1998). The westerly path of Fran deposited rain inland along the Cape Fear River watershed, causing high river flow conditions, while Bonnie and Bertha took an eastern path, resulting in a minimal effect to the Cape Fear River flow rates. The rainwater flux of total DOC to Long Bay from the four hurricanes was not as dramatic as that observed for riverine fluxes. However, unlike river water DOC that is refractory, rainwater DOC is highly labile. Rainwater from the four hurricanes in this study deposited 2-5 times the DOC deposited in an average storm. This represented a flux of 3-9% of the entire annual budget of bioavailable DOC to Long Bay being deposited over a 1 or 2 day period, likely spurring short-term secondary productivity following the hurricanes. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Avery, GB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM averyg@uncw.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 AR GB3015 DI 10.1029/2004GB002229 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854HC UT WOS:000223892000001 ER PT J AU Mumford, JL Zhang, TC Mo, JY AF Mumford, Judy L. Zhang, Tong-Cun Mo, Jinyao TI ALTERATIONS IN TELOMERES AND TELOMERASE ACTIVITY BY A HUMAN CARCINOGEN, ARSENIC SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Tong-Cun; Mo, Jinyao] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Mumford, Judy L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5D MA 339 BP 3572 EP 3573 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V80CV UT WOS:000205415300339 ER PT J AU Lytle, D Frietch, C Covert, T AF Lytle, D Frietch, C Covert, T TI Electrophoretic mobility of Mycobacterium avium complex organisms SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS; SURFACE-CHARGE; BCG; INFECTION; WATER; CELLS AB The electrophoretic mobilities (EPMs) of 30 Mycobacterium avium complex organisms were measured. The EPMs of 15 clinical isolates ranged from -1.9 to -5.0 mum cm V-1 s(-1), and the EPMs of 15 environmental isolates ranged from -1.9 to -4.6 mum cm V-1 s(-1) at pH 7. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 5667 EP 5671 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5667-5671.2004 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 854KI UT WOS:000223901100076 PM 15345456 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Padilla, S AF Hilborn, ED Padilla, S TI A dried blood spot method to evaluate cholinesterase activity in young children SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE children; cholinesterase; field study methods; pesticide exposure ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; EXPOSURE; TISSUES; WORKERS AB Field methods are needed to detect and monitor the organophosphate pesticide exposure of young children. Twenty children, aged 11 to 18 mo, living in an agricultural community along the United States/Mexico border were enrolled in a pilot study investigating methods to detect pesticide exposure. Healthy children were recruited at pediatric clinics with the informed consent of their parents. Venous blood samples were collected from children twice, 4 wk apart. Ch'alinesterase activity was compared in whole heparinized venous blood with venous blood samples dried on filter paper. Although the amount of activity in the dried blood was consistently less than in the heparinized blood, the activity was significantly correlated: Spearman r =.6 (p = 0.01). This dried blood method may be used during field studies to evaluate changes in cholinesterase values in children over time. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 59 IS 9 BP 467 EP 470 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 993UF UT WOS:000233979900005 PM 16381488 ER PT J AU Bouali, H Cooper, GS Dooley, MA Nietert, PJ Gilkeson, G AF Bouali, H Cooper, GS Dooley, MA Nietert, PJ Gilkeson, G TI -463 myeloperoxidase promoter polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S204 EP S204 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000486 ER PT J AU Calvo-Alen, J Alarcon, GS Campbell, R Cooper, GS AF Calvo-Alen, J Alarcon, GS Campbell, R Cooper, GS TI In one third of deceased lupus patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not recorded in the death certificate: Implications for epidemiological studies. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S297 EP S298 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000757 ER PT J AU Kamen, DL Cooper, GS Bouali, H Shaftman, SR Hollis, BW Gilkeson, GS AF Kamen, DL Cooper, GS Bouali, H Shaftman, SR Hollis, BW Gilkeson, GS TI Vitamin D deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S411 EP S411 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799001087 ER PT J AU Kang, DW Aneja, VP Mathur, R Ray, JD AF Kang, DW Aneja, VP Mathur, R Ray, JD TI Observed and modeled VOC chemistry under high VOC/NOx conditions in the Southeast United States national parks SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VOCs; ozone; atmospheric chemistry; air quality modeling ID NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; OZONE; MECHANISM; ISOPRENE; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; IMPACT; URBAN AB In airsheds that contain high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and low NOx ( = NO + NO2) concentrations, ozone (O-3) production may be significantly suppressed by NOx reactions that lead to the formation of organic nitrates. O-3 and its precursors (VOCs and NOx) ambient levels simulated using a regional-scale photochemical model, called Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform, are analyzed and compared to observed data from three southeast United States national parks. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kang, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Mail Drop E243-01,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kang.daiwen@epamail.epa.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 29 BP 4969 EP 4974 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.054 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850WY UT WOS:000223646300016 ER PT J AU Simmonds, AC Reilly, CA Baldwin, RM Ghanayem, BI Lanza, DL Yost, GS Collins, KS Forkert, PG AF Simmonds, AC Reilly, CA Baldwin, RM Ghanayem, BI Lanza, DL Yost, GS Collins, KS Forkert, PG TI Bioactivation of 1,1-dichloroethylene to its epoxide by CYP2E1 and CYP2F enzymes SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID CDNA-DIRECTED EXPRESSION; VINYLIDENE-CHLORIDE; MURINE LUNG; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATE; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; LIVER-MICROSOMES; REACTIVE EPOXIDE; MOUSE LUNG; NAPHTHALENE; CYTOCHROME-P-450 AB 1,1-Dichloroethylene (DCE) exposure to mice elicits lung toxicity that selectively targets bronchiolar Clara cells. The toxicity is mediated by DCE metabolites formed via cytochrome P450 metabolism. The primary metabolites formed are DCE epoxide, 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde, and 2-chloroacetyl chloride. The major metabolite detected is 2-S-glutathionyl acetate [C], a putative conjugate of DCE epoxide with glutathione. In this investigation, studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 are involved in bioactivation of DCE to the epoxide in murine lung. We have developed a method using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to evaluate the kinetics of the rates of production of conjugate [C] by recombinant CYP2E1 and CYP2F enzymes and lung microsomes. Concentration-dependent formation of conjugate [C] was found in incubations of DCE with recombinant CYP2E1 and CYP2F enzymes and lung microsomes from CD-1, wild-type (mixed 129/Sv and C57BL), and CYP2E1-null mice. Recombinant rat CYP2E1 exhibited greater affinity and catalytic efficiency for DCE metabolism than did recombinant human CYP2E1, mouse CYP2F2, goat CYP2F3 or rat CYP2F4. In the lung microsomal incubations, the rates of conjugate [ C] production were higher in CD-1 mice than in either wild-type or CYP2E1-null mice; the level of [ C] in CYP2E1-null mice was about 66% of that in wild-type mice. These results demonstrated that LC/MS analysis is a suitable method for detection and quantitation of conjugate [C], and that CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 catalyze the bioactivation of DCE to the epoxide in murine lung. The results also demonstrated that CYP2E1 is the high-affinity enzyme involved in DCE bioactivation. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Forkert, PG (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM forkertp@post.queensu.ca RI Baldwin, Mike/E-8601-2015 OI Baldwin, Mike/0000-0002-6236-5000 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL60143, R01 HL060143, R01 HL013645, HL13645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 08408] NR 39 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1032 EP 1039 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 847EM UT WOS:000223375500021 PM 15319346 ER PT J AU Nash, MS Bradford, DF Franson, SE Neale, AC Whitford, WG Heggem, DT AF Nash, MS Bradford, DF Franson, SE Neale, AC Whitford, WG Heggem, DT TI Livestock grazing effects on ant communities in the eastern Mojave Desert, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE ant; ant community; bare patches; bioindicator; indicator; livestock grazing; Mojave desert; rangeland condition; vegetation ID AUSTRALIAN ARID ZONE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS; VEGETATION CHANGE; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; RECOLONIZATION; BIOINDICATORS; ORGANIZATION AB The effects of livestock grazing on composition and structure of ant communities were examined in the eastern Mojave Desert, USA for the purpose of evaluating ant communities as potential indicators of rangeland condition. Metrics for ant communities, vegetation, and other ground-cover elements were evaluated as a function of distance from livestock water tanks, which represents a gradient in level of livestock activity in desert settings. Data were collected at six isolated water tanks used by cattle during early summer, with seven plots (90 m x 90 m; 100 pitfall traps) per tank. Thirty-eight species of ants were recorded, with an average of 14 ant species per plot. Ant species richness did not differ as a function of distance from the water tank. Also, overall species composition, as measured by a similarity index for species presence/absence for paired-comparisons of plots, did not show differences attributable to the gradient in grazing impact. In contrast, the relative abundance of several taxa and functional groups was significantly related to distance from the water tank. The predominant pattern was for the greatest abundance to occur at the water tank, with little difference in ant abundance among plots away from the water tank. This pattern was shown by the abundant ants species, Conomyrma bicolor and Pheidole tucsonica, and the groups Conomyrma spp., Pheidole spp., homopteran tenders, and plant foragers. However, two species, Aphaenogaster megommata and Monomorium wheelerorum showed the greatest relative abundance at a distance away from the water tank. A number of ant metrics were significantly related to ground-cover metrics (R(2) > 0.5). Organic debris was the variable most frequently related significantly to ant abundance metrics, always in a positive direction, followed by cover for perennial grasses, annual forbs, and shrubs, and bare patch size. Ant community metrics in the study region appear to have little potential to serve as indicators of rangeland condition because differences were evident primarily in severely degraded localized conditions rather than in intermediate widespread conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Nash, MS (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM nash.maliha@epa.gov OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.03.004 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 857CM UT WOS:000224093600005 ER PT J AU Miller, DH Ankley, GT AF Miller, DH Ankley, GT TI Modeling impacts on populations: fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposure to the endocrine disruptor 17 beta-trenbolone as a case study SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-trenbolone; endocrine disruptor; fathead minnow; Leslie matrix; logistic equation; population projection ID FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; MATRIX MODEL; GROWTH; LAKES; 17-ALPHA-ETHINYLESTRADIOL; FLUCTUATIONS; TRIBUTYLTIN; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB Evaluation of population-level impacts is critical to credible ecological risk assessments. In this study, a predictive model was developed to translate changes in fecundity of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in a short-term laboratory toxicity test to alterations in population growth rate. The model uniquely combines a Leslie population projection matrix and the logistic equation. Application of the model requires only a life table for the organism of interest, a measure of carrying capacity for the given population. and an estimation of the effect of a stressor on vital rates. The model was applied to investigate population dynamics for fathead minnow exposed to the androgen receptor agonist 17beta-trenbolone. Organismal-level responses for fathead minnows exposed to varying levels of 17beta-trenbolone were used to determine projected alterations in a population existing in a small body of water containing varying concentrations of the androgen. Fathead minnow populations occurring at carrying capacity and subsequently exposed to 0.027 mug/L of 17beta-trenbolone exhibited a 51% projected decrease in average population size after 2 years of exposure. Populations at carrying capacity exposed to concentrations of 17beta-trenbolone greater than or equal to0.266 mug/L exhibited a 93% projected decrease in average population size after 2 years of exposure. Overall, fathead minnow populations exposed to continued concentrations of 17beta-trenbolone equal to or greater than 0.027 mug/L were projected to have average equilibrium population sizes that approached zero. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Miller, DH (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM miller.davidh@epa.gov NR 46 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.05.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 842DW UT WOS:000222984400001 PM 15261716 ER PT J AU Tuo, JC Qian, YR AF Tuo, JC Qian, YR TI Formation of alkanes during hydrous pyrolysis of an oil and n-C-24 at high temperatures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM FORMATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; LIGHT-HYDROCARBONS; THERMAL ALTERATION; HEXANE PYROLYSIS; HIGH-PRESSURES; CRUDE-OIL; CRACKING; STABILITY AB A crude oil and pure tetracosane (n-C-24) were separately heated with kaolin, diatomite, and graphite at temperatures of 350-550 degreesC in closed hydrous pyrolysis systems for 72 h. Recoverable chloroform extractable organic matter (EOM) accounted for 20-40% of the initial amount of oil and 50-95% of the initial amount of n-C-24 for different mineral matrixes at 350 degreesC. The amount of EOM decreased to less than 1% of the initial material with an increase of temperature. Mass balance calculation suggests that the initial organic material was nearly quantitatively converted to gaseous compounds at high temperatures. Composition analysis showed that the alkane composition at 350 and 400 degreesC was similar to the composition of the oil, whereas only a minor amount of short-chain alkanes was detected in the pyrolysate of n-C-24. At 450-500 degreesC, the alkane products from both the oil-mineral and n-C-24-mineral pyrolysates were shifted from light hydrocarbons to bimodal distribution of both light and heavy alkanes, with light hydrocarbons being more abundant than long-chain hydrocarbons. At 550 degreesC, n-alkane compositions were dominated by long-chain hydrocarbons of n-C21+ with only a minor amount of n-C20-. The systematic changes of the alkane composition with an increase of temperature suggest that the thermal cracking of alkanes from long-chain hydrocarbons to light compounds was the dominant process at temperatures of 350-400 degreesC, whereas the formation or preferential preservation of long-chain alkanes became the dominant processes at 450-550 degreesC. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Geol, Key Lab Gas Geochem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. US EPA, Analyt Chem Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Tuo, JC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Geol, Key Lab Gas Geochem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM jctuo@ns.lzb.ac.cn NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1493 DI 10.1021/ef049935h PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 855MG UT WOS:000223976800034 ER PT J AU Callahan, KC AF Callahan, KC TI Monitoring for asbestos: US EPA methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, New York, NY USA. RP Callahan, KC (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 2, New York, NY USA. EM callahan.kathy@epa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 112 IS 13 BP A728 EP A728 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 863FS UT WOS:000224547000010 PM 15345360 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Nicolette, JP Suter, GW AF Efroymson, RA Nicolette, JP Suter, GW TI A framework for net environmental benefit analysis for remediation or restoration of contaminated sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID OIL-SPILL; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; BIOREMEDIATION; EQUIVALENCE; VALUATION; TOXICITY; RECOVERY; SOILS; GAIN; USA AB Net environmental benefits are gains in value of environmental services or other ecological properties attained by remediation or ecological restoration minus the value of adverse environmental effects caused by those actions. Net environmental benefit analysis (NEBA) is a methodology for comparing and ranking net environmental benefits associated with multiple management alternatives. A NEBA for chemically contaminated sites typically involves comparison of several management alternatives: (1) leaving contamination in place; (2) physically, chemically, or biologically remediating the site through traditional means; (3) improving ecological value through onsite and offsite restoration alternatives that do not directly focus on removal of chemical contamination; or (4) a combination of those alternatives. NEBA involves activities that are common to remedial alternatives analysis for state regulations and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, post-closure and corrective action permits under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, evaluation of generic types of response actions pertinent to the Oil Pollution Act, and land management actions that are negotiated with regulatory agencies in flexible regulatory environments (i.e., valuing environmental services or other ecological properties, assessing adverse impacts, and evaluating remediation or restoration options). This article presents a high-level framework for NEBA at contaminated sites with subframeworks for natural attenuation (the contaminated reference state), remediation, and ecological restoration alternatives. Primary information gaps related to NEBA include nonmonetary valuation methods, exposure-response models for all stressors, the temporal dynamics of ecological recovery, and optimal strategies for ecological restoration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Efroymson@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 51 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 315 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0089-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861WA UT WOS:000224448100001 PM 15520889 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Lee, EH Laurence, JA AF Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Lee, EH Laurence, JA TI Stricter ozone ambient air quality standard has beneficial effect on ponderosa pine in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; ponderosa pine; TREGRO; air quality; San Bernardino Mountains ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOLAR-RADIATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; O-3 UPTAKE; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; DROUGHT; INJURY; DEPOSITION AB Ambient air quality standards and control strategies are implemented to protect humans and vegetation from adverse effects. We used a process-based tree-growth model (TREGRO) to show that over the past 37 years, changes in O-3 exposure, with accompanying variation in climate, are reflected in changes in the growth of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California, USA. Despite variation in temperature and precipitation over the study period (1963-1999), O-3 exposure consistently reduced simulated tree growth. Simulated growth reductions increased concurrent with increasing O-3 exposure. The maximum growth reduction occurred in 1979. As O-3 exposures decreased during the 1980s and 1990s, effects on growth also decreased. This implies that emission control strategies taken to reduce exposures to attain O-3 standards benefited P. ponderosa growth in the San Bernardino Mountains. This modeling approach provides a powerful tool for solving the difficult problem of evaluating regulatory effectiveness by simulating plant response using long-term climate and air pollution exposure records for a given region. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tingey.dave@epa.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0319-z PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861WA UT WOS:000224448100008 PM 15520896 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, PL Davison, AW Neufeld, HS Meyers, TP Chappelka, AH AF Finkelstein, PL Davison, AW Neufeld, HS Meyers, TP Chappelka, AH TI Sub-canopy deposition of ozone in a stand of cutleaf coneflower SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone deposition; flux; sub-canopy; Rudbeckia laciniata ID PLANT CANOPIES; MODEL AB Although there has been a great deal of research on ozone, interest in exposure of native, herbaceous species is relatively recent and it is still not clear what role the pollutant has in their ecological fitness. The ozone exposure of a plant is usually expressed in terms of the concentration above the canopy or as a time-weighted index. However, to understand the physiological effects of ozone it is necessary to quantify the ozone flux to individual leaves as they develop, which requires knowing the deposition velocity and concentration of the pollutant as a function of height throughout the plant canopy. We used a high-order closure model of subcanopy turbulence to estimate ozone profiles in stands of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. The model was run for periods coinciding with a short field study, during which we measured vertical concentration profiles of ozone along with measurements of atmospheric turbulence and other meteorological and plant variables. Predictions of ozone profiles by the model are compared with observations throughout the canopy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Finkelstein, PL (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM finkelstein.peter@epa.gov RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 131 IS 2 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.029 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839XI UT WOS:000222817800013 PM 15234096 ER PT J AU Wang, QR Kim, D Dionysiou, DD Sorial, GA Timberlake, D AF Wang, QR Kim, D Dionysiou, DD Sorial, GA Timberlake, D TI Sources and remediation for mercury contamination in aquatic systems - a literature review SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE mercury; aquatic systems; remedial; sources; contamination; sediment; capping; dredging; natural attentuation; modeling ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; GULF-OF-TRIESTE; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DREDGING OPERATIONS; TRACE-METALS; CARSON RIVER; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; NATURAL ATTENUATION AB Sources of mercury contamination in aquatic systems were studied in a comprehensive literature review. The results show that the most important anthropogenic sources of mercury pollution in aquatic systems are: (1) atmospheric deposition, (2) erosion, (3) urban discharges. (4) agricultural materials, (5) mining, and (6) combustion and industrial discharges. Capping and dredging are two possible remedial approaches to mercury contamination in aquatic systems, and natural attenuation is a passive decontamination alternative. Capping seems to be an economical and effective remedial approach to mercury-contaminated aquatic systems. Dredging is an expensive remedial approach. However, for heavily polluted systems, dredging may be more effective. Natural attenuation, involving little or no cost, is a possible and very economical choice for less contaminated sites. Proper risk assessment is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial and passive decontamination methods as well as their potential adverse environmental effects. Modeling tools have a bright future in the remediation and passive decontamination of mercury contamination in aquatic systems. Existing mercury transport and transformation models were reviewed and compared. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 765 Baldwin Hall,Mail Stop 0071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu; george.sorial@uc.edu OI Kim, Daekeun/0000-0003-1919-8099 NR 125 TC 305 Z9 317 U1 17 U2 138 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 131 IS 2 BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.01.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839XI UT WOS:000222817800016 PM 15234099 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Norris, GA Landis, M Vette, AF AF Olson, DA Norris, GA Landis, M Vette, AF TI Chemical characterization of ambient particulate matter near the world trade center: Elemental carbon, organic carbon, and mass reconstruction SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; LOWER MANHATTAN; PM2.5 MASS; AEROSOLS; FIREFIGHTERS; COLLAPSE; QUALITY; OCTOBER; SITE AB Concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon matter (OM), particulate matter less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5), reconstructed soil, trace element oxides, and sulfate are reported from four locations near the World Trade Center (WTC) complex for airborne particulate matter (PM) samples collected from September 2001 through January 2002. Across the four sampling sites, daily mean concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 6.8 mug/m(3) for EC, from 10.2 to 31.4 mug/m(3) for OM, and from 22.6 to 66.2 mug/m(3) for PM2.5. Highest concentrations of PM species were generally measured north and west of the WTC complex. Total carbon matter and sulfate constituted the largest fraction of reconstructed PM2.5 concentrations. Concentrations of PM species across all sites decreased from the period when fires were present at the WTC complex (before December 19, 2001) to the period after the fires. Averaged overall sites, concentrations decreased by 25.6 mug/m(3) for PM2.5, 2.7 mug/m(3) for EC, and 9.2 mug/m(3) for OM from the fire period to after fire period. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Landis, Matthew/P-5149-2014 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Landis, Matthew/0000-0002-8742-496X NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 4465 EP 4473 DI 10.1021/es030689i PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851IN UT WOS:000223678900010 PM 15461151 ER PT J AU Oh, JE Touati, A Gullett, BK Mulholland, JA AF Oh, JE Touati, A Gullett, BK Mulholland, JA TI PCDD/F TEQ indicators and their mechanistic implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS; CHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; COMBUSTION; CHLOROPHENOLS; DIBENZOFURAN; CHLOROBENZENES; PRECURSORS; EMISSIONS; PATTERNS; DIOXINS AB Stack gas samples from two incinerator facilities with different operating conditions were investigated to understand how indicators of toxic equivalency (TEQ) from among the 210 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan (PCDD/F) isomers varied. This effort was motivated by the need to find more easily monitored indicator compound(s) of TEQ and to reconcile the varying indicator compounds reported in the literature. The measured isomer patterns were compared with those expected from known formation mechanisms to identify the dominant mechanism(s) and explain why certain compounds are relevant TEQ indicators. Despite differences in the facility types and operating conditions, a common pattern was found for the highly chlorinated (4Cl and higher) PCDDs/Fs. A combination of chlorination/dechlorination reactions as the dominant formation mechanism for PCDF was consistent with the observed isomer patterns, whereas condensation reactions of phenolic precursors appeared to be responsible for PCDD formation. PCDF isomers, rather than the PCDD isomers, were more closely related to the TEQ measure, likely because the chlorination mechanism favors 2,3,7,8-Cl-substitution more than the phenol condensation mechanism. Unlike highly chlorinated PCDD/F isomer patterns, less chlorinated PCDD/F patterns (especially, mono- and di-CDF) were sensitive to operating conditions and facility type. Competing formation mechanisms were inferred from the variation of observed isomer distribution patterns; this sensitivity resulted in relatively low correlations of these isomers with PCDD/F TEQ values. This suggests that any use of the low-chlorinated compounds as TEQ indicators for online monitoring processes are likely best suited for plant-specific, rather than universal, applications. In addition to many of the highly chlorinated (penta-CDF, hexa-, and hepta-CDD/F) isomers being identified as strong TEQ indicators, 1 of 12 (8%), 5 of 17 (29%), and 5 of 28 (18%) of the separable tri-CDD, tri-CDF, and tetra-CDF isomers, respectively, were identified as strong (R-2 > 0.7) TEQ. indicators in both incinerators. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS G&M, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 17 BP 4694 EP 4700 DI 10.1021/es034997s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851IN UT WOS:000223678900040 PM 15461181 ER PT J AU Ho, KT Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Serbst, JR Cook, H Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA Perron, MM Lebo, J Huckins, J Petty, J AF Ho, KT Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Serbst, JR Cook, H Cantwell, MG Ryba, SA Perron, MM Lebo, J Huckins, J Petty, J TI Use of powdered coconut charcoal as a toxicity identification and evaluation manipulation for organic toxicants in marine sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity identification/evaluation; organic toxicants; coconut charcoal; sediments ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ULVA-LACTUCA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; AMMONIA TOXICITY; REMOVAL; METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATION; ZEOLITE; RESIN AB We report on a procedure using powdered coconut charcoal to sequester organic contaminants and reduce toxicity in sediments as part of a series of toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods. Powdered coconut charcoal (PCC) was effective in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan-spiked sediments by 100%. Powdered coconut charcoal also was effective in removing almost 100% of the toxicity from two field sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Powdered coconut charcoal did not change the toxicity of ammonia or metal-spiked sediments; however, there was some quantitative reduction in the concentrations of free metals (element specific) in metal-spiked sediments. Powdered coconut charcoal is an effective, relatively specific method to sequester and remove toxicity from sediments contaminated with organic contaminants. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Geol Survey, Midwest Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ho.kay@epa.gov NR 41 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2124 EP 2131 DI 10.1897/03-407 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 845JV UT WOS:000223239600011 PM 15378988 ER PT J AU Barbehenn, RV Chen, Z Karowe, DN Spickard, A AF Barbehenn, RV Chen, Z Karowe, DN Spickard, A TI C-3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C-4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; C-3 grasses; C-4 grasses; elevated CO2; nutrient; Poaceae; protein ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; PLANT-SAMPLES; NITROGEN; LEAVES; FIBER; C4; DIGESTIBILITY; HYPOTHESIS AB Grasses with the C-3 photosynthetic pathway are commonly considered to be more nutritious host plants than C-4 grasses, but the nutritional quality of C-3 grasses is also more greatly impacted by elevated atmospheric CO2 than is that of C-4 grasses; C-3 grasses produce greater amounts of nonstructural carbohydrates and have greater declines in their nitrogen content than do C-4 grasses under elevated CO2. Will C-3 grasses remain nutritionally superior to C-4 grasses under elevated CO2 levels? We addressed this question by determining whether levels of protein in C-3 grasses decline to similar levels as in C-4 grasses, and whether total carbohydrate : protein ratios become similar in C-3 and C-4 grasses under elevated CO2. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that, among the nonstructural carbohydrates in C-3 grasses, levels of fructan respond most strongly to elevated CO2. Five C-3 and five C-4 grass species were grown from seed in outdoor open-top chambers at ambient (370 ppm) or elevated (740 ppm) CO2 for 2 months. As expected, a significant increase in sugars, starch and fructan in the C-3 grasses under elevated CO2 was associated with a significant reduction in their protein levels, while protein levels in most C-4 grasses were little affected by elevated CO2. However, this differential response of the two types of grasses was insufficient to reduce protein in C-3 grasses to the levels in C-4 grasses. Although levels of fructan in the C-3 grasses tripled under elevated CO2, the amounts produced remained relatively low, both in absolute terms and as a fraction of the total nonstructural carbohydrates in the C-3 grasses. We conclude that C-3 grasses will generally remain more nutritious than C-4 grasses at elevated CO2 concentrations, having higher levels of protein, nonstructural carbohydrates, and water, but lower levels of fiber and toughness, and lower total carbohydrate : protein ratios than C-4 grasses. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Barbehenn, RV (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rvb@umich.edu NR 61 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1565 EP 1575 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853HD UT WOS:000223817000012 ER PT J AU McLoughlin, PW Pirkle, RJ Fine, D Wilson, JT AF McLoughlin, PW Pirkle, RJ Fine, D Wilson, JT TI TBA production by acid hydrolysis of MTBE during heated headspace analysis and evaluation of a base as a preservative SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TERT.-BUTYL ETHER; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; GROUNDWATER; WATER; SAMPLES AB At room temperature (20degrees +/- 3degreesC), purge and trap samplers provide poor sensitivity for analysis of the fuel oxygenates that are alcohols, such as tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA). Because alcohols are miscible or highly soluble in water, they are not efficiently transferred to a gas chromatograph for analysis. To improve the efficiency of transfer, the water in a purge and trap sampler can be heated. Alternatively, the sensitivity for TBA can be improved by preparing the sample in a heated static headspace sampler. In a heated water sample, the acid used as a preservative may cause chemical hydrolysis of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to produce TBA. This effect is well illustrated in this paper using data collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development on a plume of MTBE in California. Samples were analyzed using a static headspace sampler heated to 80degreesC. The ground water samples were preserved in the field with HCl to a pH less than or equal to 2. The extent of MTBE hydrolysis to TBA during sample analysis varied from 19% to 87%; the average extent of hydrolysis was 59%. To confirm and document the importance of acid hydrolysis of MTBE at higher temperatures during sample preparation, the rate of hydrolysis of MTBE was measured at 80degreesC. At pH = 1, the rate of hydrolysis was 1.22/h, while the rate at pH = 2 was 0.15/h. Acid hydrolysis of MTBE during sample preparation in a heated headspace sampler can be avoided by preserving the sample with 1% (w/w) trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (TSP) instead of using HCl, or by neutralizing the acid before analysis. In the presence of an acclimated microbial Culture, TSP prevented biodegradation of MTBE, as well as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds, in ground water at room temperature for 66 d. However, in a spike recovery experiment, TSP caused based catalyzed hydrolysis of bromomethane. It is not appropriate as a universal preservative. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Appl Res Ctr, Microseeps, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. Shaw Environm, RS Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, RS Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP McLoughlin, PW (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Appl Res Ctr, Microseeps, 220 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. EM pmcloughlin@microseeps.com RI FIne, Dennis/A-9612-2009 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01302.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 873VJ UT WOS:000225308900004 ER PT J AU Switzer, C Slagle, T Hunter, D Kosson, DS AF Switzer, C Slagle, T Hunter, D Kosson, DS TI Use of rebound testing for evaluation of soil vapor extraction performance at the Savannah River Site SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; EXPERIMENTAL SETUP; PRACTICAL APPROACH; VACUUM EXTRACTION; UNSATURATED SOILS; PERMEABILITY; REMOVAL; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB In 1999, a pilot soil vapor extraction (SVE) system was installed at a waste area within the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site located near Aiken, South Carolina, to remediate trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination and to evaluate monitoring and operational strategies for SVE application in layered heterogeneous materials. The specific objectives of the results reported here were (1) to evaluate the use of rebound analysis of soil gas concentrations as the basis for operational strategies, and (2) establish the endpoint criteria for active remedial action. Three soil gas TCE concentration rebound tests were conducted over a period of 18 months to assess system performance and progress. For each rebound test, the system was shut down and allowed to equilibrate for two to four weeks. Soil gas TCE concentrations were measured several times during this equilibration period. Comparison of these rebound test results has been used for evaluating SVE system performance. A transient two-dimensional diffusion model has been used to convert soil gas TCE rebound concentrations to estimates from distance to source, and the model predictions correspond with observed dense nonaqueous phase liquid at the site. Also, these rebound tests can provide sufficient information about contaminant distribution and SVE mass transfer limitations to select a reasonable and appropriate endpoint for active remedial operations. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. US EPA, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Environm Invest Branch, Athens, GA USA. RP Kosson, DS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM david.kosson@vanderbilt.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01308.x PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 873VJ UT WOS:000225308900010 ER PT J AU Clark, ME AF Clark, ME TI Summary of panel discussion SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, US EPA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20160 USA. RP Clark, ME (reprint author), US EPA, US EPA Headquarters, 6601J,Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20160 USA. EM clark.marye@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 318 EP 319 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000130401.42500.7e PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847GO UT WOS:000223380900015 ER PT J AU Grumbles, BH AF Grumbles, BH TI Better watershed management SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grumbles, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 860GI UT WOS:000224330100013 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Bennett, WD AF Brown, JS Bennett, WD TI Deposition of coarse particles in cystic fibrosis: Model predictions versus experimental results SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE aerosol deposition; cystic fibrosis; ventilation distribution ID VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; LUNG INFLAMMATION; AEROSOL; CHILDREN; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; MECHANICS; AIRWAYS; DAMAGE AB In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the lung regions most affected by infection are presumed to be poorly ventilated and, hence, difficult to treat with inhaled therapeutic aerosols. Current dosimetric models do not adequately describe regional particle deposition in CF. We have developed a multiple-path particle deposition model and compared model predictions with the observed pattern of coarse particle (5 mum, mass median aerodynamic diameter) deposition in ten CF patients and eight healthy volunteers. Our model divides the lung into quadrants, separated at lobar bronchi, representing apical and basal lung regions. The volume and ventilation of quadrants were experimentally determined from a xenon equilibrium and multi-breath washout, respectively. Regional ventilation in the healthy lung was assumed to be determined largely by regional compliance. In CF patients, the deviations in regional ventilation from that observed in the healthy subjects were assumed to be due to regional resistance. A "custom" lung morphology was calculated for each subject based on their lung volume (functional residual capacity plus one-half tidal volume) and ventilation to each quadrant. Input parameters for particle deposition calculations were "custom" lung morphology, breathing pattern, and inhaled particle size. Relative to healthy subjects, the CF patients had reduced ventilation to the apices and increased ventilation to the bases of the lung. In healthy subjects, the general pattern of particle deposition followed ventilation. However, in the CF patients, the model predicted increased particle deposition in the large airways of the apices (an obstructed and poorly ventilated region) and to a lesser extent in the basal lung (relatively healthier and better-ventilated region), whereas particle deposition in the parenchyma was only increased in the basal lung and was decreased or absent in the apical lung. Our modeling strategy improves estimates of regional aerosol deposition and may be useful for predicting breathing conditions and particle size for optimal drug delivery in a given CF patient. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00046] NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1089/jam.2004.17.239 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 858TR UT WOS:000224215300005 PM 15625816 ER PT J AU Fleming, JS Sauret, V Conway, JH Martonen, TB AF Fleming, JS Sauret, V Conway, JH Martonen, TB TI Validation of the conceptual anatomical model of the lung airway SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE airway models; aerosol depositic in measurements ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; SPECT; MORPHOLOGY; QUANTIFICATION; GENERATION; IMAGES; CT AB The conceptual anatomical model of the lung airway considers each lung volume divided into ten concentric shells. It specifies the volume of each airway generation in each shell, using Weibel morphometry. This study updates and validates the model and evaluates the errors obtained when using it to estimate inhaled aerosol deposition per generation from spatial imaging data. A comparison of different airway models describing the volume per generation, including data from CT images of a lung cast and a human subject, was performed. A revised version of the conceptual model was created, using the average volume per generation from these data. The new model was applied to derive the aerosol deposition per generation from 24 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies. Analysis errors were assessed by applying the same calculations but using airway models based on the minimum and maximum volumes per generation. The mean shell position of each generation in the average model was not significantly different from either CT model. However there were differences between the volumes per generation of the different models. The root mean square differences between bronchial airways deposition fraction (generations 2-8) obtained from the maximum and minimum models compared to the new average model was 0.66 percentage points (14%). For the conducting airways deposition fraction (generations 2-15) this was 1.66 percentage points (12%). The conceptual model is consistent with CT measurements of airway geometry. The errors resulting from using a generic airway model to interpret 3D radionuclide image data have been defined. C1 Southampton Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Med Phys & Bioengn, Southampton, Hants, England. UCL Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Med Phys & Bioengn, London, England. Southampton Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Southampton, Hants, England. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fleming, JS (reprint author), Southampton Gen Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. EM john.fleming@suht.swest.nhs.uk OI Conway, Joy/0000-0001-6464-1526 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD FAL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 260 EP 269 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 858TR UT WOS:000224215300007 PM 15625818 ER PT J AU Casey, M Gennings, C Carter, WH Moser, VC Simmons, JE AF Casey, M Gennings, C Carter, WH Moser, VC Simmons, JE TI Detecting interaction(s) and assessing the impact of component subsets in a chemical mixture using fixed-ratio mixture ray designs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE departure from additivity; dose-response data; ray designs; threshold models ID QUASI-LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; COMBINATION; AGENTS; MODELS AB An important environmental and regulatory issue is the protection of human health from potential adverse effects of cumulative exposure to multiple chemicals. Earlier literature suggested restricting inference to specific fixed-ratio rays of interest. Based on appropriate definitions of additivity, single chemical data are used to predict the relationship among the chemicals under the zero-interaction case. Parametric comparisons between the additivity model and the model fit along the fixed-ratio ray(s) are used to detect departure from additivity. Collection of data along reduced fixed-ratio rays, where subsets of chemicals of interest are removed from the mixture and the remaining compounds are at the same relative ratios as considered in the full ray, allow researchers to make inference about the effect of the removed chemicals. Methods for fitting simultaneous confidence bands about the difference between the best fitting model and the model predicted under additivity are developed to identify regions along the rays where significant interactions occur. This general approach is termed the "single chemicals required" (SCR) method of analysis. A second approach, termed "single chemicals not required" (SCNR) method of analysis, is based on underlying assumptions about the parameterization of the response surface. Under general assumptions, polynomial terms for models fit along fixed-ratio rays are associated with interaction terms. Consideration is given to the case where only data along the mixture rays are available. Tests of hypotheses, which consider interactions due to subsets of chemicals, are also developed. C1 GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Casey, M (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 339 EP 361 DI 10.1198/108571104X3406 PG 23 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 856HN UT WOS:000224036400006 ER PT J AU Podhorniak, LV Schenck, FJ Krynitsky, A Griffith, F AF Podhorniak, LV Schenck, FJ Krynitsky, A Griffith, F TI Multiresidue method for N-methyl carbamates and metabolite pesticide residues at the parts-per-billion level in selected representative commodities of fruit and vegetable crop groups SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CLEANUP AB A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method with both fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection is presented for the determination of 13 parent N-methyl carbamate pesticides and their metabolites, as well as piperonyl butoxide, for a total of 24 compounds in selected fruits and vegetables. The commodities chosen were of special concern to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because they had the least amount of monitoring data for dietary exposure estimates used in risk assessment. The method is based on a judicious selection of procedures from U.S. Food and Drug Administration sources such as the Pesticide Analytical Manual (Volume I), and Laboratory Information Bulletins, plus additional material from the chemical literature combined in a manner to recover the N-methyl carbamates and their metabolites at the 1 mu/kg or 1 part-per-billion level. The method uses an acetone extraction, followed by an aminopropyl solid-phase extraction cleanup. Determination of residues is by RP-LC, in which the liquid chromatograph is interfaced with either a fluorescence or a mass spectrometric detector. The method is designed so that a set of 6 samples can be prepared in 1 working day for overnight instrumental analysis. Recovery data are presented from analyses of selected commodities in some of EPA's fruit and vegetable crop groupings. A table listing relative retention times is presented for the N-methyl carbamates and their metabolites. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Branch,Environm Sci Ctr, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. US FDA, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Podhorniak, LV (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Analyt Chem Branch,Environm Sci Ctr, 701 Mapes Rd,Mail Code 7503C,Rm C209, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM Podhomiak.Lynda@epa.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1251 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853YO UT WOS:000223867100028 PM 15493683 ER PT J AU Getsfrid, W Thiyagarajah, A Hartley, WR Conerly, O AF Getsfrid, W Thiyagarajah, A Hartley, WR Conerly, O TI Ovotestis in a Japanese medaka SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; TRIHALOMETHANES; HERMAPHRODITISM; PREGNANCY; INDUCTION; DEFECTS; FISH; SEX; RAT AB We observed ovotestis in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes used to study the effects of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) on gonadal differentiation.. Bromodichloromethane, a trihalomethane, is a drinking water disinfection byproduct. Seven-day-old Japanese medaka (n = 30 fish per treatment) were exposed for 10 d to nominal concentrations of BDCM (10 or 25 mg/L) in dimethyl sulfoxide, a carrier solvent control, or a springwater control, then transferred to springwater and reared for 6 months. Ovotestis was present in one female of the 13 Japanese medaka that survived for 6 months after exposure to 10 mg/L BDCM. This is the first report of an intersex condition in a BDCM exposure study. There are no known reports of spontaneous occurrences of ovotestis in Japanese medaka; however, we cannot eliminate the possibility that this single case was spontaneous rather than induced by BDCM. Therefore, further studies with a wide range of concentrations of BDCM are needed to confirm the ovotestis induction potential of BDCM. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thiyagarajah, A (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM rthiyag@tulane.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1577/H03-037.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 860FL UT WOS:000224327800008 ER PT J AU Venkatapathy, R Moudgal, CJ Bruce, RM AF Venkatapathy, R Moudgal, CJ Bruce, RM TI Assessment of the oral rat chronic lowest observed adverse effect level model in TOPKAT, a QSAR software package for toxicity prediction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR GRAPHS; CARCINOGENICITY; MUTAGENICITY; INFORMATION; VALIDATION; CHEMICALS AB The performance of the rat chronic lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL, the lowest exposure level at which there are biologically significant increases in the severity of adverse effects) model in Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology (TOPKAT), a commercial quantitative structure-activity relationship software package, was tested on a database of chemicals that are of interest to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs. The testing was repeated on a database of chemicals from three U.S. EPA sources that report peer-reviewed LOAELs. The results of this study were also contrasted with the results of the testing performed during TOPKAT's model-building process. C1 US EPA, NCEA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assesment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Venkatapathy, R (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM venkatapathy.raghuraman@epa.gov NR 26 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1623 EP 1629 DI 10.1021/ci049903s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 858IQ UT WOS:000224185900012 PM 15446819 ER PT J AU Wigand, C Thursby, GB McKinney, RA Santos, AF AF Wigand, C Thursby, GB McKinney, RA Santos, AF TI Response of Spartina patens to dissolved inorganic nutrient additions in the field SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; endemycorrhizae; photosynthesis; fluorescence; performance index ID SALT-MARSH GRASS; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; FRINGING MARSH; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ALTERNIFLORA; NITROGEN; VEGETATION AB Salt marshes provide a buffer between the terrestrial landscape and estuaries and may be important in preventing the movement of land-derived nutrients into coastal waters. We examined the response of S. patens in the field to additions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and found significant (p < 0.05) positive N effects on aboveground biomass, leaf chlorophyll, tissue nutrient concentrations, and induction of fluorescence kinetics of chlorophyll a. Mean endomycorrhizal colonization among treatments was 22%, and fungal colonization ranged from 2% to 61% in the plots. We found no significant effect of N or P on endomycorrhizal colonization, but there was a significant inverse relationship (r = -0.66, p = 0.005) between the belowground biomass and fungal colonization. This study showed that S. patens could sequester 44-100% ofthe added N and 82-100% ofthe added P in its leaves, roots, and rhizomes. However, it is unclear how long-term nutrient overenrichment and the resulting changes in the S. patens-microbesediment system might alter the marsh buffering capacity. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wigand, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM wigand.cathleen@epamail.epa.gou NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2004 SI 45 BP 134 EP 149 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 882NC UT WOS:000225944600010 ER PT J AU Basu, R Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Saulnier, L Schoendorf, KC AF Basu, R Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Saulnier, L Schoendorf, KC TI Comparing exposure metrics in the relationship between PM2.5 and birth weight in California SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; birth outcomes; birth weight; fine particulate matter; perinatal epidemiology; PM2.5 metrics ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PARTICULATE MATTER; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN BORN; MORTALITY; RISK; ASSOCIATION AB Although studies suggest that air pollution is linked to perinatal outcomes, the geographic characterization of exposure to pollution differs between the studies. We compared neighborhood- and county-level measures of air pollution exposure, while examining the association between particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and birth weight among full-term births in California in 2000. To reduce the effects of demographic variability, our analysis was limited to two populations of 8579 non-Hispanic white and 8114 Hispanic mothers who were married, between 20 and 30 years of age, completed at least a high school education, and gave birth for the first time. Measurements from the nearest monitor, and average and distance-weighted average of monitors within a 5-mile radius from each mother's residence ( constituting neighborhood metrics) and the mean of monitors within each mother's county of residence were considered. PM2.5 measurements, provided by the California Air Resources Board, were calculated to correspond to each mother's 9-month gestation period. Although metrics within the 5-mile radii and the county were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.78), the county-level metric provided a stronger association between PM2.5 and birth weight (beta = - 4.04, 95% confidence interval = - 6.71, - 1.37) than the metric for the average of all monitors within 5-miles ( beta= - 1.38, 95% confidence interval = - 3.36, 0.60) among non-Hispanic white mothers; similar results were observed among the Hispanic sample of mothers. Consequently, inferences from studies using different definitions of air pollution exposure may not be comparable. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Basu, R (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rbasu@jhsph.edu NR 22 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500336 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 853LZ UT WOS:000223830400005 PM 15361898 ER PT J AU Wong, DW Yuan, L Perlin, SA AF Wong, DW Yuan, L Perlin, SA TI Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIRS monitors; ozone; particulate matter; respiratory health; NHANES; spatial interpolation; kriging ID MEAN OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; LUNG-FUNCTION; POLLUTION; CHILDREN; COMMUNITIES; ASSOCIATION; PARTICLES AB We recognized that many health outcomes are associated with air pollution, but in this project launched by the US EPA, the intent was to assess the role of exposure to ambient air pollutants as risk factors only for respiratory effects in children. The NHANES-III database is a valuable resource for assessing children's respiratory health and certain risk factors, but lacks monitoring data to estimate subjects' exposures to ambient air pollutants. Since the 1970s, EPA has regularly monitored levels of several ambient air pollutants across the country and these data may be used to estimate NHANES subject's exposure to ambient air pollutants. The first stage of the project eventually evolved into assessing different estimation methods before adopting the estimates to evaluate respiratory health. Specifically, this paper describes an effort using EPA's AIRS monitoring data to estimate ozone and PM10 levels at census block groups. We limited those block groups to counties visited by NHANES-III to make the project more manageable and apply four different interpolation methods to the monitoring data to derive air concentration levels. Then we examine method-specific differences in concentration levels and determine conditions under which different methods produce significantly different concentration values. We find that different interpolation methods do not produce dramatically different estimations in most parts of the US where monitor density was relatively low. However, in areas where monitor density was relatively high (i.e., California), we find substantial differences in exposure estimates across the interpolation methods. Our results offer some insights into terms of using the EPA monitoring data for the chosen spatial interpolation methods. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wong, DW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dwong2@gmu.edu OI /0000-0002-0525-0071 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 404 EP 415 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500338 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 853LZ UT WOS:000223830400007 PM 15361900 ER PT J AU Douglas, G Reilly, C Dooley, MA Page, G Cooper, G Gilkeson, G AF Douglas, G Reilly, C Dooley, MA Page, G Cooper, G Gilkeson, G TI Angiotensin-converting enzyme (insertion/deletion) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE systemic lupus erythematosus; nitric oxide; genetics; predisposition; angiotensin-converting enzyme; African American; polymorphism ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; GENE POLYMORPHISM; DELETION POLYMORPHISM; DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; 5'-FLANKING REGION; HEART-DISEASE; ACE GENE; ASSOCIATION AB Objective. Genetic polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are linked with expression and/or progression of renal disease. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the genes coding for ACE and eNOS may influence the development and/or progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis given their linkage with other renal diseases. Methods. DNA from patients with SLE (n = 227) and their age and sex matched controls (n = 275) from the Carolina Lupus (CLU) Study cohort was assessed for ACE and eNOS polymorphisms. Seventy patients had biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Two different eNOS polymorphisms (eNOS promoter T-786-->C nucleotide substitution and eNOS 27 base pair tandem repeat in intron 4) and the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 16 were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction. Results. Allele frequency of the eNOS polymorphisms varied significantly between SLE patients and controls. There was no association of these polymorphisms with lupus within ethnic groups. We found no association of the polymorphism with the development of renal disease. No association was observed for the ACE I/D polymorphism with SLE or nephritis, or with ethnicity or sex. Conclusion. eNOS genetic polymorphisms differed significantly across ethnic groups. There was no significant increased risk of SLE and/or lupus nephritis associated with eNOS or ACE polymorphisms in either the African American or Caucasian groups compared to ethnically matched controls. These studies emphasize the need to control for ethnicity when investigating genetic polymorphisms and disease. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ralph H Johnson Vet Adm Med Ctr, Med Res Serv, Charleston, SC USA. Edward Via Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Physiol, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ N Carolina, Affiliated Hosp, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gilkeson, G (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, 96 Jonathan Lucas St,Suite 912,POB 250623, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM gilkeson@musc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41764]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR39162, AR45476] NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1756 EP 1762 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 852ZS UT WOS:000223796200016 PM 15338496 ER PT J AU Larson, T Gould, T Simpson, C Liu, LJS Claiborn, C Lewtas, J AF Larson, T Gould, T Simpson, C Liu, LJS Claiborn, C Lewtas, J TI Source apportionment of indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 in Seattle, Washington, using positive matrix factorization SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Colloquium on PM and Human Health CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID PARTICULATE MATTER; DAILY MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; IDENTIFICATION; PHOENIX; ASSOCIATION; CITIES AB As part of a large exposure assessment and health-effects panel study, 33 trace elements and light-absorbing carbon were measured on 24-hr fixed-site filter samples for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum (PM2.5) collected between September 26, 2000, and May 25, 2001, at a central outdoor site, immediately outside each subject's residence, inside each residence, and on each subject (personal sample). Both two-way (PMF2) and three-way (PMF3) positive matrix factorization were used to deduce the sources contributing to PM2.5. Five sources contributing to the indoor and outdoor samples were identified: vegetative burning, mobile emissions, secondary sulfate, a source rich in chlorine, and a source of crustal-derived material. Vegetative burning contributed more PM2.5 mass on average than any other source in all microenvironments, with average values estimated by PMF2 and PMF3, respectively, of 7.6 and 8.7 mug/m(3) for the outdoor samples, 4 and 5.3 mug/m(3) for the indoor samples, and 3.8 and 3.4 mug/m(3) for the personal samples. Personal exposure to the combustion-related particles was correlated with outdoor sources, whereas exposure to the crustal and chlorine-rich particles was not. Personal exposures to crustal sources were strongly associated with personal activities, especially time spent at school among the child subjects. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Port Orchard, WA USA. RP Larson, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tlarson@u.washington.edu NR 43 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 34 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1187 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851RB UT WOS:000223701500015 PM 15468670 ER PT J AU Allen, R Wallace, L Larson, T Sheppard, L Liu, LJS AF Allen, R Wallace, L Larson, T Sheppard, L Liu, LJS TI Estimated hourly personal exposures to ambient and nonambient particulate matter among sensitive populations in Seattle, Washington SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Colloquium on PM and Human Health CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID FINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; OUTDOOR FINE; INDOOR; TIME; BALTIMORE; MODELS; PANEL; MASS; MD AB Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) routinely use concentrations measured with stationary outdoor monitors as surrogates for personal exposure. Despite the frequently reported poor correlations between ambient concentrations and total personal exposure, the epidemiologic associations between ambient concentrations and health effects depend on the correlation between ambient concentrations and personal exposure to ambient-generated PM. This paper separates personal PM exposure into ambient and nonambient components and estimates the outdoor contribution to personal PM exposures with continuous light scattering data collected from 38 subjects in. Seattle, WA. Across all subjects, the average exposure encountered indoors at home was lower than in all other microenvironments. Cooking and being at school were associated with elevated levels of exposure. Previously published estimates of particle infiltration (F-inf) were combined with time-location data to estimate an ambient contribution fraction (alpha, mean = 0.66 +/- 0.21) for each subject. The mean a was significantly lower for subjects monitored during the heating season (0.55 +/- 0.16) than for those monitored during the nonheating season (0.80 +/- 0.17). Our modeled alpha estimates agreed well with those estimated with the sulfur-tracer method (slope = 1.08; R-2 = 0.67). We modeled exposure to ambient and nonambient PM with both continuous light scattering and 24-hr gravimetric data and found good agreement between the two methods. On average, ambient particles accounted for 48% of total personal exposure (range = 21-80%). The personal activity exposure was highly influenced by time spent away from monitored microenvironments. The median hourly longitudinal correlation between central site concentrations and personal exposures was 0.30. Although both a and the nonambient sources influence the personal-central relationship, the latter seems to dominate. Thus, total personal exposure may be poorly predicted by stationary outdoor monitors, particularly among persons whose PM exposure is dominated by nonambient exposures, for example, those living in tightly sealed homes, those who cook, and children. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, NW Res Ctr Particulate Air Pollut & Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Liu, LJS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Box 354695, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sliu@u.washington.edu OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES07033] NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1197 EP 1211 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851RB UT WOS:000223701500017 PM 15468672 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Tomer, KB AF Williams, JG Tomer, KB TI Disposable chromatography for a high-throughput nano-ESI/MS and nano-ESI/MS-MS platform SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE PREPARATION; PROTEOMICS; IDENTIFICATION; IONIZATION; DIGESTION; PROTEINS AB High-throughput proteomics has typically relied on protein identification based on MALDI-MS peptide maps of proteolytic digests of 2D-gel-separated proteins. This technique, however, requires significant sequence coverage in order to achieve a high level of confidence in the identification. Tandem MS data have the advantage of requiring fewer peptides (2) for high confidence identification, assuming adequate MS/MS sequence coverage. MALDI-MS/MS techniques are becoming available, but can still be problematic because of the difficulty of inducing fragment ions of a singly charged parent ion. Electrospray ionization, however, has the advantage of generating multiply charged species that are more readily fragmented during MS/MS analysis. Two electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry-based approaches, nanovial-ESI-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, are used for high throughput proteomics, but much less often than MALDI-MS and peptide mass fingerprinting. Nanovial introduction entails extensive manual manipulation and often shows significant chemical background from the in-gel digest. LC-MS has the advantages that the chemical background can be removed prior to analysis and the analytes are concentrated during the separation, resulting in more abundant analyte signals. On the other hand, LC-MS can often be time intensive. Here, we report the incorporation of on-line sample clean-up and analyte concentration with a high-throughput, chip-based, robotic nano-ESI-MS platform for proteomics studies. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tomer, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD-F0-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tomer@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.06.007 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 853RD UT WOS:000223844200009 PM 15337514 ER PT J AU Cohn, LA Norris, CR Hawkins, EC Dye, JA Johnson, CA Williams, KJ AF Cohn, LA Norris, CR Hawkins, EC Dye, JA Johnson, CA Williams, KJ TI Identification and characterization of an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-like condition in cats SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Forum of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Internal-Medicine CY JUN 04-08, 2003 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Coll Vet Internal Med DE cough; dyspnea; interstitial lung disease; usual interstitial pneumonia ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY; LUNG-CANCER; DOGS; DISEASE; ALVEOLITIS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; CYTOPATHOLOGY; FEATURES AB Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders with a variety of causes. In veterinary medicine, such lung diseases with a prominent fibrotic component of unknown etiology are often called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In human medicine, this term is reserved for a distinct disease entity with specific histologic findings labeled as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We identified 23 cats displaying histologic criteria of UIP The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe the presentation and response to therapy of these cats to better define this disease entity. All but 2 cats were middle aged to older (median 8.7 years), with no apparent sex or breed predisposition. Complaints included respiratory distress (n = 18) and cough (13). Duration of signs was less than 6 months in 17 cats. Physical-examination abnormalities included tachypnea, inspiratory or mixed inspiratory and expiratory effort, and adventitial lung sounds. No consistent hematologic or biochemical abnormalities, parasites, or positive serologic results for feline retroviruses, heartworms, or toxoplasmosis were present. Radiographic changes included dense patchy or diffuse interstitial, bronchiolar, and alveolar infiltrates. Analysis of bronchial lavage fluid revealed mild neutrophilic inflammation (n = 6) with no consistent pathogen growth. Clinical condition of 5 cats worsened after lavage. Coincident pulmonary neoplasia was identified in 6 cats. Response to therapy (corticosteroids, antibiotics, bronchodilators, and diuretics) was poor, and most cats died within days to months. Cats with histologic changes compatible with UIP had signs that mimicked many of the clinical findings of human IPF, and treatment response was similarly unrewarding. C1 Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Surg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cohn, LA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Med & Surg, 379 E Campus Dr,Clydesdale Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM cohnl@missouri.edu NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 632 EP 641 DI 10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<632:IACOAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 861TL UT WOS:000224441400007 PM 15515577 ER PT J AU Mills, MA Bonner, JS Page, CA Autenrieth, RL AF Mills, MA Bonner, JS Page, CA Autenrieth, RL TI Evaluation of bioremediation strategies of a controlled oil release in a wetland SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE petroleum; bioremediation; wetland; biostimulation; nutrients ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ESTUARINE WETLAND; SALT-MARSH; CRUDE-OIL; PETROLEUM; BIODEGRADATION; TOXICITY; SPILL; SEDIMENTS; DEGRADATION AB A controlled petroleum release was conducted to evaluate bioremediation in a wetland near Houston, Texas. The 140-day study was conducted using a randomized, complete block design to test three treatments with six replicates per treatment. The three treatment strategies were inorganic nutrients, inorganic nutrients with an alternative electron acceptor, and a no-action oiled control. Samples were analyzed for petroleum chemistry and inorganic nutrients. These results are discussed in the context of our related research involving toxicology and microbiology at the site during the experiment. To evaluate biodegradation, the targeted compounds were normalized to the conservative compound C(30)17alpha, 21beta[H]hopane, thus reducing the effects of spatial heterogeneity and physical transport.The two biostimulation treatments demonstrated statistically-higher rates of biodegradation than the oiled no-action control. For the majority of the experiment, target nutrient levels were maintained. Further research may be warranted to optimize these bioremediation strategies as well as evaluating additional treatment strategies for wetlands and other shoreline systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Conrad Blucher Inst Surveying & Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Risk Management Res Lab, US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Conrad Blucher Inst Surveying & Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mills.marc@epa.gov; bonner@cbi.tamucc.edu; cpage@envcs00.tamu.edu; r-autenrieth@tamu.edu RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.027 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 853HF UT WOS:000223817200020 PM 15325210 ER PT J AU Brar, SS Grigg, C Wilson, KS Holder, WD Dreau, D Austin, C Foster, M Ghio, AJ Whorton, AR Stowell, GW Whittall, LB Whittle, RR White, DP Kennedy, TP AF Brar, SS Grigg, C Wilson, KS Holder, WD Dreau, D Austin, C Foster, M Ghio, AJ Whorton, AR Stowell, GW Whittall, LB Whittle, RR White, DP Kennedy, TP TI Disulfiram inhibits activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein and human melanoma growth in a metal-dependent manner in vitro, in mice and in a patient with metastatic disease SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE PLAYS; DNA-BINDING; INTRACELLULAR LEVEL; S-GLUTATHIONYLATION; CYSTEINE RESIDUES; GENE-EXPRESSION; CANCER-CELLS; CREB; APOPTOSIS AB The thiocarbamate alcoholism drug disulfiram blocks the P-glycoprotein extrusion pump, inhibits the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB, sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy, reduces angiogenesis, and inhibits tumor growth in mice. Thiocarbamates react with critical thiols and also complex metal ions. Using melanoma as the paradigm, we tested whether disulfiram might inhibit growth by forming mixed disulfides with critical thiols in a mechanism facilitated by metal ions. Disulfiram given to melanoma cells in combination with Cu2+ or Zn2+ decreased expression of cyclin A and reduced proliferation in vitro at lower concentrations than disulfiram alone. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, disulfiram decreased transcription factor binding to the cyclic AMP-responsive element in a manner potentiated by Cu2+ ions and by the presence of glutathione, suggesting that thiocarbamates might disrupt transcription factor binding by inducing S-glutathionylation of the transcription factor DNA binding region. Disulfiram inhibited growth and angiogenesis in melanomas transplanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice, and these effects were potentiated by Zn2+ supplementation. The combination of oral zinc gluconate and disulfiram at currently approved doses for alcoholism also induced >50% reduction in hepatic metastases and produced clinical remission in a patient with stage IV metastatic ocular melanoma, who has continued on oral zinc gluconate and disulfiram therapy for 53 continuous months with negligible side effects. These findings present a novel strategy for treating metastatic melanoma by employing an old drug toward a new therapeutic use. C1 Carolinas Med Ctr, Canon Res Ctr, Charlotte, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC USA. AAI Res, Wilmington, NC USA. RP Kennedy, TP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Wintrobe 743A,50 N Med Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM Thomas.Kennedy@hsc.utah.edu NR 55 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1049 EP 1060 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 854MM UT WOS:000223907300002 PM 15367699 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Hoffman, HJ Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Needham, L Adera, T Guo, XG Gray, KA AF Longnecker, MP Hoffman, HJ Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Needham, L Adera, T Guo, XG Gray, KA TI In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and sensorineural hearing loss in 8-year-old children SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in utero exposure; polychlorinated biphenyls; sensorineural hearing loss ID HUMAN-MILK; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; PCB; SERUM; RATS; DEFICITS; ORGANOCHLORINES; DIBENZOFURANS; AROCLOR-1254; PESTICIDES AB Early-life exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, increases the hearing threshold at selected frequencies in rats. Among humans from the Faroe Islands with unusually high early-life PCB exposure, exposure was directly associated with increased hearing thresholds at two frequencies, although the deficits were present in the left ear but not the right. We examined PCB levels in maternal pregnancy serum in relation with audiometrically determined hearing thresholds among offspring when they were of school age. Complete data were available for 195 children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 615 children selected at random, all of whom were born in 1959-1966 in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) U.S. cohort. The median exposure among those selected at random, as reflected by the mother's third trimester serum total PCB concentration, was 2.8 mug/l, about twofold higher than recent background levels in the United States. Based on the average hearing threshold across the frequencies essential for speech recognition in the "worst ear," the maternal serum PCB level was unrelated to the adjusted odds of SNHL or to adjusted mean hearing threshold. Overall, an adverse effect of early-life, background-level PCB exposure on SNHL was not supported by these data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bethesda, MD USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Richmond, VA USA. Constella Grp Inc, Durham, NC USA. NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnecker@niehs.nih.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 26 IS 5 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2004.04.007 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 852LF UT WOS:000223756100002 PM 15315812 ER PT J AU Angeles, G Bond, B Boyer, JS Brodribb, T Brooks, JR Burns, MJ Cavender-Bares, J Clearwater, M Cochard, H Comstock, J Davis, SD Domec, JC Donovan, L Ewers, F Gartner, B Hacke, U Hinckley, T Holbrook, NM Jones, HG Kavanagh, K Law, B Lopez-Portillo, J Lovisolo, C Martin, T Martinez-Vilalta, J Mayr, S Meinzer, FC Melcher, P Mencuccini, M Mulkey, S Nardini, A Neufeld, HS Passioura, J Pockman, WT Pratt, RB Rambal, S Richter, H Sack, L Salleo, S Schubert, A Schulte, P Sparks, JP Sperry, J Teskey, R Tyree, M AF Angeles, G Bond, B Boyer, JS Brodribb, T Brooks, JR Burns, MJ Cavender-Bares, J Clearwater, M Cochard, H Comstock, J Davis, SD Domec, JC Donovan, L Ewers, F Gartner, B Hacke, U Hinckley, T Holbrook, NM Jones, HG Kavanagh, K Law, B Lopez-Portillo, J Lovisolo, C Martin, T Martinez-Vilalta, J Mayr, S Meinzer, FC Melcher, P Mencuccini, M Mulkey, S Nardini, A Neufeld, HS Passioura, J Pockman, WT Pratt, RB Rambal, S Richter, H Sack, L Salleo, S Schubert, A Schulte, P Sparks, JP Sperry, J Teskey, R Tyree, M TI The Cohesion-Tension theory SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Letter DE cohesion-tension theory; Tansley reviews; long-distance transport; water transport; xylem ID NEGATIVE XYLEM PRESSURES; SCHOLANDER ASSUMPTION; WATER ASCENT; SAP ASCENT; PLANTS; CHAMBER; LEAVES; CONTROVERSIES; TREES C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. HortRes, Auckland, New Zealand. INRA, Clermont Ferrand, France. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Pepperdine Univ, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. US Forest Serv, Portland, OR USA. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. CNRS, Montpellier, France. Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Burlington, VT USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov RI Hacke, Uwe/M-7719-2015; Lovisolo, Claudio/A-6610-2010; Donovan, Lisa/H-4754-2016; Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Lopez Portillo, Jorge/L-2492-2014; Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008; Mencuccini, Maurizio/B-9052-2011; Jones, Hamlyn/F-8014-2011; Nardini, Andrea/C-6525-2009; Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010; Brodribb, Tim/C-6797-2013; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine/K-5716-2013; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi/D-3385-2014; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Burns, Michael/D-2939-2011; Passioura, John/B-6908-2011; Pockman, William/D-4086-2014 OI Hacke, Uwe/0000-0001-5983-3582; Lovisolo, Claudio/0000-0001-8825-2904; Donovan, Lisa/0000-0001-9814-0666; Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Lopez Portillo, Jorge/0000-0002-6827-3297; Clearwater, Michael/0000-0002-8563-0671; rambal, serge/0000-0001-5869-8382; Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202; Mencuccini, Maurizio/0000-0003-0840-1477; Jones, Hamlyn/0000-0002-3049-3163; Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044; Brodribb, Tim/0000-0002-4964-6107; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi/0000-0002-2332-7298; Burns, Michael/0000-0001-9804-405X; Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 11 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 163 IS 3 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 843DS UT WOS:000223056600003 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Coulombe, R AF Domec, JC Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Coulombe, R TI Native root xylem embolism and stomatal closure in stands of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine: mitigation by hydraulic redistribution SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cavitation; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic lift; stomatal regulation; water stress ID SOIL-WATER; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PREDAWN PLANT; GAS-EXCHANGE; OLD-GROWTH; CONDUCTANCE; TREES AB Hydraulic redistribution (HR), the passive movement of water via roots from moist to drier portions of the soil, occurs in many ecosystems, influencing both plant and ecosystem-water use. We examined the effects of HR on root hydraulic functioning during drought in young and old-growth Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Laws) trees growing in four sites. During the 2002 growing season, in situ xylem embolism, water deficit and xylem vulnerability to embolism were measured on medium roots (2-4-mm diameter) collected at 20-30 cm depth. Soil water content and water potentials were monitored concurrently to determine the extent of HR. Additionally, the water potential and stomatal conductance (g(s)) of upper canopy leaves were measured throughout the growing season. In the site with young Douglas-fir trees, root embolism increased from 20 to 55 percent loss of conductivity (PLC) as the dry season progressed. In young ponderosa pine, root embolism increased from 45 to 75 PLC. In contrast, roots of old-growth Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine trees never experienced more than 30 and 40 PLC, respectively. HR kept soil water potential at 20-30 cm depth above -0.5 MPa in the old-growth Douglas-fir site and -1.8 MPa in the old-growth ponderosa pine site, which significantly reduced loss of shallow root function. In the young ponderosa pine stand, where little HR occurred, the water potential in the upper soil layers fell to about -2.8 MPa, which severely impaired root functioning and limited recovery when the fall rains returned. In both species, daily maximum g(s) decreased linearly with increasing root PLC, suggesting that root xylem embolism acted in concert with stomata to limit water loss, thereby maintaining minimum leaf water potential above critical values. HR appears to be an important mechanism for maintaining shallow root function during drought and preventing total stomatal closure. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jc.domec@oregonstate.edu RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 46 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 141 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1621-4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849SC UT WOS:000223560000002 PM 15338263 ER PT J AU de Wolf, W Lieder, PH Walker, JD AF de Wolf, W Lieder, PH Walker, JD TI Application of QSARs: Correlation of acute toxicity in the rat following oral or inhalation exposure SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLLUTANTS AB Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) based upon a lethal narcosis mechanism represent baseline or minimum toxicity, i.e. unless a chemical acts by a more specific mechanism, its toxicity will be predicted by such models. Baseline toxicity should be independent of exposure route. A toxicity ratio (TR) is defined as the ratio of the calculated baseline toxicity over the experimentally determined value. A TR-value of approx. 1 indicates baseline toxicity. A TR-value greater than 1 indicates excess toxicity due to the existence of a more specific mechanism of action. We investigated the possibility of extrapolation from the inhalation route to the oral route by applying the above concepts. We report the TR-values for a set of chemicals with measured LD50 and LC50-values obtained from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) and calculated toxicity values based on a previously developed oral and inhalation baseline-toxicity models. For part of the compounds the reliability of the TR-values may be questionable either due to errors in the measured toxicity values, or due to extrapolation of the baseline-toxicity models outside their range of proven validity. For 47% of the remaining compounds, the TR-value for both exposure routes was approx. 1. For 22% of the remaining compounds a specific mechanism of toxicity was indicated by a TR-value greater than 1, and another 22% appeared to have a specific mechanism of action for only one of the exposure routes. It is concluded that after establishing a lethal narcosis mechanism through inhalation exposure the compound's oral toxicity can be reliably estimated. In case of more specific toxicities, the calculated oral baseline toxicity can be used to determine the upper limits in the toxicity experiment. C1 DuPont Co Inc, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium. 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP de Wolf, W (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Antoon Spinoystr 6, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium. EM Watze.de-Wolf@bel.dupont.com; phlieder1@mmm.com NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430861 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 859YV UT WOS:000224305200004 ER PT J AU Sills, RC Morgan, DL Herr, DW Little, PB George, NM Ton, TV Love, NE Maronpot, RR Johnson, GA AF Sills, RC Morgan, DL Herr, DW Little, PB George, NM Ton, TV Love, NE Maronpot, RR Johnson, GA TI Contribution of magnetic resonance microscopy in the 12-week neurotoxicity evaluation of carbonyl sulfide in Fischer 344 rats SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbonyl sulfide; brain; neurotoxicity; magnetic resonance microscopy; auditory system ID METABOLISM; ANIMALS AB In this carbonyl sulfide (COS) study, magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) and detailed light microscopic evaluation effectively functioned in parallel to assure that the distribution and degree of pathology in the brain was accurately represented. MRM is a powerful imaging modality that allows for excellent identification of neuroanatomical structures coupled with the ability to acquire 200 or more cross-sectional images of the brain, and the ability to display them in multiple planes. F344 rats were exposed to 200-600 ppm COS for up to 12 weeks. Prior to MRM, rats were anesthetized and cardiac perfused with McDowell Trump's fixative containing a gadolinium MR contrast medium. Fixed specimens were scanned at the Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy on a 9.4 Tesla magnetic resonance system adapted explicitly for microscopic imaging. An advantage of MRM in this study was the ability to identify lesions in rats that appeared clinically normal prior to sacrifice and the opportunity to identify lesions in areas of the brain which would not be included in conventional studies. Other advantages include the ability to examine the brain in multiple planes (transverse, dorsal, sagittal) and obtain and save the MRM images in a digital format that allows for postexperimental data processing and manipulation. MRM images were correlated with neuroanatomical and neuropathological findings. All suspected MRM images were compared to corresponding H&E slides. An important aspect of this study was that MRM was critical in defining our strategy for sectioning the brain, and for designing mechanistic studies (cytochrome oxidase evaluations) and functional assessments (electrophysiology studies) on specifically targeted anatomical sites following COS exposure. C1 NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Vet Ctr Amer, Durham, NC 27701 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr In Vivo Microscopy, Durham, NC 27701 USA. RP Sills, RC (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, MD B3-08,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sills@niehs.nih.gov OI Johnson, G.Allan/0000-0002-7606-5447 FU NCI NIH HHS [5R24-CA92656]; PHS HHS [P41 05959] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1080/01926230490493918 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 887GF UT WOS:000226293000001 PM 15603534 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Bobseine, K Gray, LE AF Wilson, VS Bobseine, K Gray, LE TI Development and characterization of a cell line that stably expresses an estrogen-responsive luciferase reporter for the detection of estrogen receptor agonist and antagonists SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE estrogenicity; in vitro screening assay; estrogen-responsive luciferase reporter ID BREAST-CANCER; ASSAY; BIOASSAYS; CHEMICALS; CADMIUM; ALPHA; T47D AB Recently several advisory committees (EDSTAC, ICCVAM) have recommended that stable estrogen-dependent gene expression assays be developed for screening chemicals for estrogenic activity because of the high degree of specificity of the response and potential for use in a high-throughput mode. In this paper we describe a specific, sensitive assay developed for screening chemicals for estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. T47D human breast cancer cells, which naturally express estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta, were stably transfected with a triplet ERE (estrogen-responsive elements)-promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct. The transformed cells were named T47D-KBluc. These cells are sensitive to the potent estrogens, 17beta-estradiol, ethynyl estradiol, and diethylstibesterol, and well-characterized weaker environmental estrogens like genistein, HPTE (an estrogenic pesticide metabolite), and 4-nonylphenol. The EC50 for estradiol was about 0.01 nM, reaching maximal induction at 0.1 nM. The antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, was able to completely inhibit the induction of luciferase expression by 0.1 nM estradiol at 10 nM, with an IC50 of 1 nM. In addition, we were able to replicate, in this in vitro assay, the observation that low concentrations of cadmium were able to induce estrogen-dependent gene expression, an effect that was completely inhibited by the potent antiestrogen ICI 182,780. The potent glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone, was without effect as an ER agonist at concentrations up to 10 nM, whereas the potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), showed no induction at concentration of 50 muM, but was a partial agonist at high concentrations of 0.2 mM and above. In summary, we have developed a specific, sensitive estrogen-responsive gene expression assay in a stable cell line that could possibly be adapted for high throughput screening of large numbers of chemicals for estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity. In addition, herein we also provide key protocol recommendations necessary to identify and eliminate common problems encountered in in vitro screening for estrogenicity. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 17 TC 158 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh180 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 850CP UT WOS:000223589100010 PM 15166400 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Children as a sensitive subpopulation for the risk assessment process SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cancer risk assessment; radiation; environmental chemicals; early-life exposures; risk adjustment; sensitivity factor ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; CANCER-RISKS; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; RADIATION; MORTALITY; IRRADIATION; PATTERNS; DISEASE; TUMORS; TRENDS AB For cancer risk assessment purposes, it is necessary to consider how to incorporate sensitive subpopulations into the process to ensure that they are appropriately protected. Children represent one such potentially sensitive subpopulation that is of quite considerable magnitude. The data needs include sensitivity to the induction of childhood cancers compared to adult cancers and relative sensitivity of early-life exposures for the formation of tumors in adults. These needs as far as human data are concerned are best met for ionizing radiations, for which it has been shown in the atomic bomb survivors that early-life exposures are more effective at inducing cancers later in life. The risk assessment approach for ionizing radiations, however, is based on tumor data itself for total population exposures so that there is no requirement to consider specifically the impact of early-life exposures. In the case of environmental chemicals, the majority of the tumor data used for risk assessments are from rodent bioassays. There is a paucity of data that allow for a comparison of the response to early-life exposures compared to that for adult-only exposures. This presents a fairly difficult challenge to the identification of a general sensitivity factor or a chemical-specific sensitivity factor for early-life exposures. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not, until recently, incorporated a general adjustment for early-life exposure to carcinogens into its risk assessment guidelines. The Agency has relied on the fact that, in the absence of specific data to the contrary, the linear extrapolation for rodent tumor data provided appropriate protection. When specific data are available, then an adjustment can be calculated. In its most recent draft guidelines, however, a general adjustment has been proposed for mutagenic chemicals. A 10-fold risk adjustment is recommended for the first 2 years of life, a 3-fold adjustment for years 3-15, and no adjustment for exposures after age 15. For chemicals that do not have a mutagenic mode of action, no adjustment is recommended because the data for deriving such an adjustment are simply not available. Clearly, this is an interim position that is dependent on more pertinent data being collected. A significant component of this is to conduct cancer bioassays that include early-life exposures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.030 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 849YF UT WOS:000223576900005 PM 15313585 ER PT J AU Spiegel, RJ AF Spiegel, RJ TI Platinum and fuel cells SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Platinum requirements for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have been identified as a possible problem with FCV market penetration. Platinum is a necessary component of the electrodes of fuel cell engines. It is deposited on porous electrodes, where it serves as the electrocatalyst to promote the rate of electrochemical reactions required to encourage H-2 to release electrons and become H-2 ions. Because there could be potentially millions of FCVs added to the US fleet in the next 30 or so years, the availability of platinum as a limited global commodity could be an issue. Using projected US market penetration of fuel cell vehicles out to the years 2030 and 2035, as based on US Department of Energy's Office of Transportation Technologies Vehicle Size/Consumer Choice (VSCC) model and Argonne National Laboratory's All Modular Industry Growth Assessment (AMIGA) model, respectively, the yearly platinum requirements for different scenarios were estimated. Sales of FCVs for the various scenarios yielded peak US platinum consumed at levels ranging from 60 to 200 Mg/year. Except for the most aggressive market penetration cases (those with the fastest and largest ramp-up of FCV sales), estimated yearly platinum demand does not appear to be a limiting factor for long-term sales of FCVs. In all cases yearly demand was small in regard to total world reserves. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Spiegel, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM spiegel.ronald@epa.gov NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.trd.2004.07.001 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 861WN UT WOS:000224449400002 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Fang, YX AF Al-Abed, SR Fang, YX TI Dechlorination of trichloroethylene using electrochemical methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 081-ENVR BP U603 EP U603 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802358 ER PT J AU Canter, D AF Canter, D TI Remediating anthrax-contaminated sites: Learning from the past to protect the future. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC USA. EM Canter.Dorothy@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 011-CHAS BP U303 EP U303 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801166 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA AF Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA TI Risk assessment for cadmium in phosphate fertilizers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 114-AGRO BP U101 EP U101 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800441 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG AF Daughton, CG TI Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Overview of significance, concerns and solutions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Div Environm Sci, ORD,NERL, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 159-ENVR BP U616 EP U616 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802436 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, AM AF Ehrlich, AM TI Careers in technology transfer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM ehrlich.alan@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 031-CHAL BP U398 EP U398 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801732 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR TI Electrochemical degradation of polychlorobiphenyls. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Fang.James@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 247-ENVR BP U631 EP U631 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802524 ER PT J AU Jarahek, AM AF Jarahek, AM TI Epa perspective on the appropriate action level for perchlorate anion concentrations in drinking water. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 059-AGRO BP U92 EP U92 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800387 ER PT J AU Kelly, J AF Kelly, J TI Re-occupying facilities contaminated by WMDS: The role of the environmental clearance committee. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Washington, DC USA. EM Kelly.Jack@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 014-CHAS BP U303 EP U304 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801169 ER PT J AU Mathew, J Gandhi, J Zweigenbaum, J Hedrick, J AF Mathew, J Gandhi, J Zweigenbaum, J Hedrick, J TI Production method for the analysis of perchlorate by ion chromatography/mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Houston Lab, Houston, TX 77099 USA. Agilent Technol Inc, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. EM mathew.johnson@epa.gov; joe_hedrick@agilent.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 046-AGRO BP U90 EP U90 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800375 ER PT J AU Osemwengie, LI Gerstenberger, SL AF Osemwengie, LI Gerstenberger, SL TI Levels of synthetic musk compounds in municipal wastewater for estimating biota exposure in the receiving waters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Osemwengie.Lantis@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 283-ENVR BP U637 EP U637 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802560 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, JR Little, SB Fan, HJ AF Rabinowitz, JR Little, SB Fan, HJ TI Application of computational methods to understand the health effects of chemicals in the environment: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Toxicol Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Greensburg, PA USA. EM rabinowitz.james@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 003-GEOC BP U690 EP U690 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802857 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E AF Sahle-Demessie, E TI Corona-induced ozonation coupled with photoxidation: An environmentally friendly and cost-effective method. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 030-ENVR BP U546 EP U546 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802308 ER PT J AU Sikdar, S AF Sikdar, S TI Research in sustainability: An EPA perspective. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sikdar.subhas@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 034-IEC BP U764 EP U765 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803014 ER PT J AU Sridara, CS Rao, KSR AF Sridara, CS Rao, KSR TI Hydrodechlorination of CCl2F2 using pd supported on g-Al2O3 catalysts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Catalysis Div, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. EM shaker.sridara@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 017-IEC BP U762 EP U762 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802998 ER PT J AU Thurman, NC Costello, K AF Thurman, NC Costello, K TI Modeling the drinking water exposure component for the organophosphate pesticide cumulative risk assessment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM thurman.nelson@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 142-AGRO BP U106 EP U106 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800468 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Kim, YJ AF Varma, RS Kim, YJ TI Microwave-assisted preparation of cyclic ureas from diamines. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; Kim.Yong-jin@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 057-IEC BP U769 EP U769 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803037 ER PT J AU Williamson, TC AF Williamson, TC TI Allowing serendipity in your career planning. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Polut Prevent & Toxics, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 12-CINF BP U356 EP U356 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801484 ER PT J AU Workie, B Obale, A Pillai, UR Demessie, ES AF Workie, B Obale, A Pillai, UR Demessie, ES TI Hydrogenation of olefins using palladium nanoparticles prepared with pulse electrochemical deposition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Chem, Dover, DE 19901 USA. US EPA, Dev Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM bworkie@desu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 018-IEC BP U762 EP U762 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802999 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Edney, EO AF Jaoui, M Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Edney, EO TI Identification and quantification of aerosol polar oxygenated compounds bearing carboxylic or hydroxyl groups. 1. Method development SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRODUCTS; ACID; MORTALITY; OXIDATION; CLIMATE; SAMPLES; ESTERS; PM2.5 AB In this study, a new analytical technique was developed for the identification and quantification of multifunctional compounds containing simultaneously at least one hydroxyl or one carboxylic group, or both. This technique is based on derivatizing first the carboxylic group(s) of the multifunctional compound using an alcohol (e.g., methanol, 1-butanol) in the presence of a relatively strong Lewis acid (BF3) as a catalyst. This esterification reaction quickly and quantitatively converts carboxylic acids to their ester forms. The second step is based on silylation of the ester compounds using bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) as the derivatizing agent. For compounds bearing ketone groups in addition to carboxylic and hydroxyl groups, a third step was used based on PFBHA derivatization of the carbonyls. Different parameters including temperature, reaction time, and effect due to artifacts were optimized. A GC/MS in El and in methane-CI mode was used for the analysis of these compounds. The new approach was tested on a number of multifunctional compounds. The interpretation of their El (70 eV) and CI mass spectra shows that critical information is gained leading to unambiguous identification of unknown compounds. For example, when derivatized only with BF3-methanol, their mass spectra comprise primary ions at m/z M.+ + 1, M.+ + 29, and M.+ - 31 for compounds bearing only carboxylic groups and M.+ + 1, M.+ + 29, M.+ - 31, and M+. - 17 for those bearing hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. However, when a second derivatization (BSTFA) was used, compounds bearing hydroxyl and carboxylic groups simultaneously show, in addition to the ions observed before, ions at m/z M.+ + 73, M.+ - 15, M.+ - 59, M.+ - 75, M.+ - 89, and 73. To the best of our knowledge, this technique describes systematically for the first time a method for identifying multifunctional oxygenated compounds containing simultaneously one or more hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov NR 26 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 16 BP 4765 EP 4778 DI 10.1021/ac049919h PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 846BS UT WOS:000223290300021 PM 15307788 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Eatough, D Solomon, PA AF Brock, CA Eatough, D Solomon, PA TI Preface to special section on particulate matter: Atmospheric sciences, exposure, and the Fourth Colloquium on Particulate Matter and Human Health SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE American Association for Aerosol Research Particulate Matter Meeting C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D16 AR D16S01 DI 10.1029/2004JD005040 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846UW UT WOS:000223343800001 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, MJ McDonald, DG Wood, CM AF Chowdhury, MJ McDonald, DG Wood, CM TI Gastrointestinal uptake and fate of cadmium in rainbow trout acclimated to sublethal dietary cadmium SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dietary; cadmium; acclimation; chronic; kinetics; trout; plasma; RBC; clearance ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; METAL ACCUMULATION; AQUEOUS CADMIUM; CD EXPOSURE; COPPER; ZINC; INVERTEBRATES; EFFICIENCY AB Adult rainbow trout were pre-exposed to a sublethal concentration of dietary Cd (500 mg/kg dry wt.) for 30 days to induce acclimation. A gastrointestinal dose of radiolabeled Cd (276 mug/kg wet wt.) was infused into the stomach of non-acclimated and Cd-acclimated trout through a stomach catheter. Repetitive blood samples over 24 It and terminal tissue samples were taken to investigate the gastrointestinal uptake, plasma clearance kinetics, and tissue distribution of Cd. Only a small fraction of the infused dose (non-acclimated: 2.4%; Cd-acclimated: 6.6%) was internalized across the gut wall, while most was bound in the gut tissues (10-24%) or remained in the lumen (16-33%) or lost from the fish (similar to50%) over 24h. Cadmium loading during pre-exposure produced a profound increase of total Cd in the blood plasma (similar to28-fold) and red blood cells (RBC; similar to20-fold). The plasma Cd-time profiles consisted of an apparent rising (uptake) phase and a declining (clearance) phase with a maximum value of uptake in 4 h, suggesting that uptake of gastrointestinally infused Cd was very rapid. Acclimation to dietary Cd did not affect plasma Cd clearance (similar to0.5 ml/min), but enhanced new Cd levels in the plasma (but not in the RBC), and resulted in a longer half-life for plasma Cd. Tissue total and new Cd levels varied in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, and overall levels in gut tissues were much greater than in non-gut tissues, reflecting the Cd exposure route. Dietary Cd, but not the infused Cd, greatly increased total Cd levels of all gut tissues in the order posterior-intestine (640-fold) > cecae (180-fold) > mid-intestine (94-fold) > stomach (53-fold) in Cd-acclimated fish relative to naive fish. Among non-gut tissues in the Cd-acclimated fish, the great increases of total Cd levels were observed in the liver (73-fold), kidney (39-fold), carcass (35-fold), and gills (30-fold). The results provide some clear conclusions that may be useful for environmental risk assessment of dietary Cd exposure in fish. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Chowdhury, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, MED, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM chowdhury.mohammed@epamail.epa.gov; gomcdona@uoguelph.ca NR 39 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.05.002 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 842RH UT WOS:000223021200004 PM 15261451 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Vette, AF Johnson, BA Rappaport, SM AF Pleil, JD Vette, AF Johnson, BA Rappaport, SM TI Air levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after the World Trade Center disaster SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; LOWER MANHATTAN; DNA-DAMAGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION; SEPTEMBER-11; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; ADDUCTS; CANCER; DUSTS AB The catastrophic collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, created an immense dust cloud followed by fires that emitted soot into the air of New York City (NYC) well into December. The subsequent cleanup used diesel equipment that further polluted the air until the following June. The particulate air pollutants contained mutagenic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). By using an assay developed for archived samples of fine particles, we measured nine PAHs in 243 samples collected at or near Ground Zero from September 23, 2001, to March 27, 2002. Based on temporal trends of individual PAH levels, we differentiated between fire and diesel sources and predicted PAH levels between 3 and 200 d after the disaster. Predicted PAH air concentrations on September 14, 2001, ranged from 1.3 to 15 ng/m(3); these values are among the highest reported from outdoor sources. We infer that these high initial air concentrations resulted from fires that rapidly diminished over 100 d. Diesel sources predominated for the next 100 cl, during which time PAH levels declined slowly to background values. Because elevated PAH levels were transient, any elevation in cancer risk from PAH exposure should be very small among nonoccupationally exposed residents of NYC. However, the high initial levels of PAHs may be associated with reproductive effects observed in the offspring of women who were (or became) pregnant shortly after September 11, 2001. Because no PAH-specific air sampling was conducted, this work provides the only systematic measurements, to our knowledge, of ambient PAHs after the WTC disaster. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab,Methods Dev & Applicat Bran, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div,Exposure Measu, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rappaport, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM smr@unc.edu RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES010126, P30ES10126, P42 ES005948, P42ES05948] NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 32 BP 11685 EP 11688 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404499101 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845WT UT WOS:000223276700030 PM 15280534 ER PT J AU Kundu, B Richardson, SD Swartz, PD Matthews, PP Richard, AM DeMarini, DM AF Kundu, B Richardson, SD Swartz, PD Matthews, PP Richard, AM DeMarini, DM TI Mutagenicity in Salmonella of halonitromethanes: a recently recognized class of disinfection by-products in drinking water SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE halonitromethanes; mutagenicity; Salmonella; drinking water ID IDENTIFICATION; GENOTOXICITY; SPECIFICITY AB Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a recently identified class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. They include chloronitromethane (CHN), dichloronitromethane (DCNM), trichloronitromethane (TCNM), bromonitromethane (BNM), dibromonitromethane (DBNM), tribromonitromethane (TBNM), bromochloronitromethane (BCNM),dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM), and bromodichloronitromethane (BDCNM). Previous studies of TCNM, DCNM, CNM, and TBNM found that all four were mutagenic in bacteria, and a recent study showed that all nine induced DNA damage in CHO cells. Here, all nine HNMs were evaluated in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay +/- S9 using strains TA98, TA100, TA 104, TPT100, and the glutathione transferase theta (GSTT1-1)-expressing strain RSJ100. All were mutagenic, most with and without S9. In the absence of S9, six were mutagenic in TA98, six in TA100, and three in TA104; in the presence of S9, these numbers were five, seven, and three, respectively. Thus, the HNMs-induced base substitutions primarily at GC sites as well as frameshifts. Although five HNMs were activated to mutagens in RSJ100 -S9, they produced less than or equal to 2-fold increases in revertants and potencies < 506 rev/mumol. The rank order of the HNMs by mutagenic potency in TA100 +S9 was (BCNM DBNM) > (TBNM CNM > BNM DCNM BDCNM) > (TCNM = DBCNM). The mean rev/mumol for the three groupings, respectively, were 1423, 498, and 0, which classifies the HNMs as weak mutagens in Salmonella. Reaction of the dihalo and monohalo HNMs with GSH, possibly GSTT1-1, is a possible mechanism for formation of ultimate mutagenic products. Because the HNMs are mutagenic in Salmonella (present study) and potent clastogens in mammalian cells [Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 62], their presence in drinking water war-rants further research on their potential health effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 562 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.05.007 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 848BT UT WOS:000223442800005 PM 15279829 ER PT J AU Nichkova, M Park, EK Koivunen, ME Kamita, SG Gee, SJ Chuang, J Van Emon, JM Hammock, BD AF Nichkova, M Park, EK Koivunen, ME Kamita, SG Gee, SJ Chuang, J Van Emon, JM Hammock, BD TI Immunochemical determination of dioxins in sediment and serum samples SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE dioxin; microwave extraction; immunoassay; sediment; serum ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLORINATED DIOXINS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HUMAN-MILK; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPOSURE; PCDDS; PCDFS AB Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are considered highly toxic contaminants and the environmental and biological monitoring of these compounds is of great concern. Immunoassays may be used as screening methods to satisfy the growing demand for rapid and low cost analysis. In this work, we describe the application of an immunoassay that uses 2,3,7-trichloro-8-methyldibenzo-p-dioxin (TMDD) as a surrogate standard for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to sediment and human serum samples. Sample extraction and preparation methods were developed with the aim to establish the simplest, cost-effective and efficient removal of the matrix interferences in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall method for sediments is based on a hexane extraction; clean up by a multilayered silica gel column and an activated carbon column; an organic solvent exchange with DMSO-Triton X-100 and ELISA measurement. The gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) validation studies (n = 13) revealed that the method is suitable for the toxic equivalents (TEQ) screening of dioxin in sediments with a method detection limit of about 100 pg g(-1) dry sediment with a precision of 13-33% R.S.D. The analysis of a large number of samples originating from different sources would be required to establish more precisely the screening level, as well as the number of false positives and negatives of dioxin TEQ by the immunoassay for sediments. The immunoassay method for sediment analysis offers improvement in speed, sample throughput, and cost in comparison to GC-HRMS. Dioxins were determined in serum samples after a simple liquid-liquid extraction and solvent exchange into DMSO-Triton X-100 without further dilution. The current method (approximate method LOQ of 200 pg ml(-1) serum) is not sufficiently sensitive for the determination of dioxins in serum to measure acceptable exposure limit. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus Operat, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Hammock, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, 303 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bdhammock@ucdavis.edu NR 60 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.05.030 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 847TB UT WOS:000223416700012 PM 18969550 ER PT J AU Yue, S Wang, CY AF Yue, S Wang, CY TI Reply to comment by Mehmetcik Bayazit and Bihrat Onoz on "Applicability of prewhitening to eliminate the influence of serial correlation on the Mann-Kendall test" SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE statistical hydrology; time series; trend analysis ID HYDROLOGICAL SERIES; CANADIAN STREAMFLOW; TRENDS; JAPAN C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. China Dev Bank, Evaluat Dept 2, Water Resources & Hydropower Sect, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Yue, S (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yue.sheng@epa.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 AR W08802 DI 10.1029/2003WR002555 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 846UB UT WOS:000223340900002 ER PT J AU Hakim, RB Benedict, MB Merrick, NJ AF Hakim, RB Benedict, MB Merrick, NJ TI Quality of care for women undergoing a hysterectomy: Effects of insurance and race/ethnicity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL PATIENTS; HEALTH-INSURANCE; MEDICAL-CARE; RISK; SERVICES; APPROPRIATENESS; MASSACHUSETTS; COVERAGE; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN AB Objective. We assessed the quality of hospital care for women who underwent a hysterectomy to compare Medicaid-covered women with privately insured women and minority women with White women. Methods. We evaluated medical decisions, inpatient care, quality of inpatient care, and outcomes. Results. Quality of hospital care was equivalent for Medicaid-covered women compared with privately insured women and for non-Hispanic Black women compared with White women. Medicaid-covered women (40%) and Black women (68%) were more likely to have a complication compared with privately insured women and White women, respectively. Conclusions. Increased complications after hysterectomy may result in increased economic burdens to Medicaid. Further studies of the racial/ethnic and sociodemographic issues are needed so that disparities may be adequately addressed. C1 METSTAT Grp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hakim, RB (reprint author), US EPA, IRIS 8601D,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM hakim.rosemarie@epa.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 8 BP 1399 EP 1405 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.8.1399 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 843AT UT WOS:000223047600033 PM 15284050 ER PT J AU Frost, FJ Muller, TB Calderon, RL Craun, GF AF Frost, FJ Muller, TB Calderon, RL Craun, GF TI Analysis of serological responses to Cryptosporidium antigen among NHANES III participants SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; seroepidemiologic studies; water microbiology; waterborne disease; infectious disease; NHANES III ID COAST-GUARD CUTTER; ANTIBODY; WATER; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAKS; USA AB PURPOSE: Sera from 1356 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III participants from seven primary sampling units were tested for serological responses to two Cryptosporidium antigen groups. Intensity of responses was compared by geographic area, age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and hepatitis A seropositivity. METHODS: Cryptosporidium seropositivity for the 15/17-kDa and the 27-kDa antigen groups were defined by the intensity of the responses. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors. RESULTS: Hispanics, blacks, and females had a higher seropositivity. Younger participants and those with higher income had a lower seropositivity. Being hepatitis A seropositive was strongly related to a weak serological response to the 27-kDa antigen group. Family size was unrelated to Cryptosporidium seropositivity. Significantly higher Cryptosporidium seropositivity was observed for three of the seven primary sampling units. CONCLUSIONS: This study found significant geographical differences in the occurrence and the intensity of serological response. Strong serological responses to the 15/17-kDa antigen occurred more commonly in blacks and Hispanics, individuals not having high incomes, and in older age groups. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Gunther F Craun & Associates, Staunton, VA USA. RP Frost, FJ (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM ffrost@lrri.org NR 25 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.06.002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 847PR UT WOS:000223407900005 PM 15310525 ER PT J AU Ivancic, WA Nishioka, MG Barnes, RH Hubal, EC Morara, M Bortnick, SM AF Ivancic, WA Nishioka, MG Barnes, RH Hubal, EC Morara, M Bortnick, SM TI Development and evaluation of a quantitative video-fluorescence imaging system and fluorescent tracer for measuring transfer of pesticide residues from surfaces to hands with repeated contacts SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dermal exposure; pesticide exposure assessment; video-fluorescence imaging ID ASSESSING DERMAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS; APPLICATORS; WASH; WIPE AB A video imaging system and the associated quantification methods have been developed for measurement of the transfer of a fluorescent tracer from surfaces to hands. The highly fluorescent compound riboflavin (vitamin B2), which is also water soluble and non-toxic, was chosen as the tracer compound to simulate the transfer from surfaces to hands of pesticide residues deposited on carpeted and laminate surfaces of a residence. The system was designed around the unique properties of riboflavin. Excitation energy was centered near 440 nm (in the blue region of the visible spectrum); emitted energy was measured at 600 nm (in the red/orange region), well beyond the significant fluorescence peak maximum of natural skin. A video camera system with an image intensifier was interfaced to an image processing analysis software system. Quantification utilized chemometric techniques to account for the non-linearity of pixel detectivity and non-linear excitation strength. Method quantification and detection limits were approximately 0.1 and 0.02 mug/cm(2), respectively. The relative error was similar to100% at the quantification limit, but <20 % at higher levels. Transfer of riboflavin to hands, resulting in dermal loadings in the range 0.1-2.0mug/cm(2), were measured with this system from surfaces whose loadings approximated the pesticide levels that occur in homes after broadcast application. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nishioka, MG (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM nishiomg@battelle.org NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 48 IS 6 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meh049 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 851OU UT WOS:000223695200003 PM 15298849 ER PT J AU Lehman, J Swinton, K Bortnick, S Hamilton, C Baldridge, E Eder, B Cox, B AF Lehman, J Swinton, K Bortnick, S Hamilton, C Baldridge, E Eder, B Cox, B TI Spatio-temporal characterization of tropospheric ozone across the eastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE principal component analysis; influence regimes; time series analysis; persistence; seasonality; spatial modeling; 8-h ozone; homogenous concentrations ID EXPOSURE; VARIABILITY; POLLUTION; ASTHMA; TREE AB This paper utilizes a rotated principal components approach first used by Eder, Davis, and Bloomfield (Atmos. Environ. 27a (16) (1993) 2645) to characterize non-urban daily 8-h maximum ozone (O-3) concentrations within the eastern United States for the O-3 seasons of 1993-2002. The analysis proceeds by selecting a spatially representative O-3 database, imputing missing O-3 concentrations using a spatial interpolation scheme, applying a rotated principal components analysis to delineate spatial regions of homogeneous concentrations, and investigating the temporal patterns exhibited by concentrations in each of the regions. Spatially, the analysis divides the eastern United States into five regions: a Northeast region, a Great Lakes Region, a Mid-Atlantic region, a Southwest region, and a Florida region. Concentrations are near the domain average for the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Southwest regions, are highest in the Mid-Atlantic region, and are lowest in the Florida region. Within each region the temporal patterns (e.g., seasonal trends, persistency; and annual trends) Of O-3 concentrations were quite different. The Northeast, Great Lakes, and Mid-Atlantic regions display a moderate amount of seasonal variability with peak concentrations occurring in late July, late June, and late July time periods, respectively. Conversely, the Southwest region exhibits a small amount of seasonal variability with peak concentrations occurring in late August, and the Florida region exhibits a relatively large amount of seasonal variability with peak concentrations occurring during the months of April and May. Ozone concentrations are most persistent in the Florida and Southwest regions (3-4 days of persistence), less persistent in the Mid Atlantic region (2-3 days of persistence), and least persistent in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions (I or 2 days persistence). These results demonstrate the spatial and temporal variability Of O-3 concentrations in the eastern United States and indicate that regional characterization (e.g., through aggregation Of Clusters of monitors) Of O-3 air quality may be a powerful yet simplifying air quality metric for determining seasonal trends, annual trends, and a variety of other O-3 concentration characteristics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 38 IS 26 BP 4357 EP 4369 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.069 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842QQ UT WOS:000223019500009 ER PT J AU Hurtt, ME Daston, G Davis-Bruno, K Feuston, M Lima, BS Makris, S McNerney, ME Sandler, JD Whitby, K Weir, P Cappon, GD AF Hurtt, ME Daston, G Davis-Bruno, K Feuston, M Lima, BS Makris, S McNerney, ME Sandler, JD Whitby, K Weir, P Cappon, GD TI Juvenile animal studies: Testing strategies and design SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM C1 Pifzer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Sanofi Synthelabo, Malvern, PA USA. Inst Nacl Farm & Medicamento, Lisbon, Portugal. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Kalamazoo, MI USA. ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. GlaxoSmithKline, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Hurtt, ME (reprint author), Pfizer Global Res & Dev Safety Sci, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM mark_e_hurtt@groton.pfizer.com RI iMed.ULisboa, iMed.ULisboa/C-6292-2014; iMed.ULisboa, PharmRegSci /B-5723-2014 OI iMed.ULisboa, PharmRegSci /0000-0003-0910-7245 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20017 PG 8 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852JV UT WOS:000223752500002 PM 15334525 ER PT J AU Korte, JJ Mylchreest, E Ankley, GT AF Korte, JJ Mylchreest, E Ankley, GT TI Comparative evaluation of ELISAs for detecting vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) - a response to Tyler et al. SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MESSENGER-RNA; EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINOLOGY; EXPRESSION; FISH C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Korte, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM korte.joe@epa.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 138 IS 4 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2004.09.001 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 874RF UT WOS:000225366800014 ER PT J AU Carroll, C Noss, RE Paquet, PC Schumaker, NH AF Carroll, C Noss, RE Paquet, PC Schumaker, NH TI Extinction debt of protected areas in developing landscapes SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; conservation planning; island biogeography; metapopulation; population viability analysis; Rocky Mountains; SEPM ID EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS; URSUS-ARCTOS; LAND-USE; CONSERVATION; DEMOGRAPHY; MOUNTAINS; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; IRREPLACEABILITY AB To conserve biological diversity, protected-area networks must be based not only on current species distributions but also on the landscape's long-term capacity to support populations. We used spatially explicit population models requiring detailed habitat and demographic data to evaluate the ability of existing park systems in the Rocky Mountain region (U.S.A. and Canada) to sustain populations of mammalian carnivores. Predicted patterns of extirpation agreed with those from logistic-regression models based only on park size and connectedness (or isolation) for the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) in developed landscapes (northern US. Rocky Mountains) and semideveloped landscapes (southern Canadian Rocky Mountains). The area-isolation model performed poorly where the landscape matrix contained large amounts of suitable habitat (northern Canadian Rocky Mountains). Park area and connectedness were poor predictors of gray wolf (Canis lupus) occurrence because of this species' broader-scale range dynamics and greater ability to inhabit the landscape matrix. A doubling of park area corresponded to a 47% and 57% increase in projected grizzly bear population persistence in developed and semideveloped landscapes, respectively. A doubling of a park's connectedness index corresponded to a 81% and 350% increase in population persistence in developed and semideveloped landscapes, respectively, suggesting that conservation planning to enhance connectivity may be most effective in the earliest stages of landscape degradation. The park area and connectivity required for population persistence increased as the landscape matrix became more hostile, implying that the relatively small combined area of parks in the boreal forest and other undeveloped regions may fall below the threshold for species persistence if parks become habitat islands. Loss of carnivores from boreal landscapes could further reduce the viability of temperate populations occupying refugia at the southern range margin. Spatially realistic population models may be more informative than simplerpatch-matrix models in predicting the effects of landscape change on population viability across a continuum of landscape degradation. C1 Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. EM carlos@sisqtel.net NR 63 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1110 EP 1120 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00083.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400031 ER PT J AU Ross, MK Tomero-Velez, R Granville, C Gold, A Evans, MV DeMarini, DM AF Ross, MK Tomero-Velez, R Granville, C Gold, A Evans, MV DeMarini, DM TI Metabolism and bioactivation of 1,1-and 1,3-dichloropropene SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 339 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200337 ER PT J AU Freidig, AP Heijne, WH Stierum, RH Wortelboer, HM Schut, MW Salmon, FG Cnubben, NH El-Masri, HA Moffett, D Groten, JP AF Freidig, AP Heijne, WH Stierum, RH Wortelboer, HM Schut, MW Salmon, FG Cnubben, NH El-Masri, HA Moffett, D Groten, JP TI Comparison of empirical and mechanistic models to identify relevant toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic interactions between chemicals in a mixture SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 TNO Chem, NL-3600 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 590 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200586 ER PT J AU Godin, SJ Tornero-Velez, R Hughes, MF DeVito, MJ AF Godin, SJ Tornero-Velez, R Hughes, MF DeVito, MJ TI In vitro estimates of clearance and its use in predictive physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling (PBPK) of pyrethroid pesticides SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 666 BP 333 EP 333 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200662 ER PT J AU Varella, RF Bustamante, MMC Pinto, AS Kisselle, KW Santos, RV Burke, RA Zepp, RG Viana, LT AF Varella, RF Bustamante, MMC Pinto, AS Kisselle, KW Santos, RV Burke, RA Zepp, RG Viana, LT TI Soil fluxes of CO(2), CO, NO, And N(2)O from an old pasture and from native Savanna in Brazil SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cerrado; land use; microbial biomass; N availability; old pasture; soil carbon; trace gases ID TROPICAL SAVANNA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; PLANT MATTER; COSTA-RICA; EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE; VEGETATION; FOREST; SUCCESSION AB We compared fluxes Of CO(2), CO, NO, and N(2)O, soil microbial biomass,and N availability in a 20-yr-old Brachiaria pasture and a native cerrado area (savanna in central Brazil). Availability of N and NO fluxes were lower in the pasture than in the cerrado. N(2)O fluxes were below detection limit at both sites. The CO fluxes showed weak seasonal variation with slightly higher positive fluxes in the dry season and lower fluxes, including net consumption, during the wet season. The cerrado CO fluxes were higher and more variable than the fluxes in the pasture. Both sites showed a seasonal pattern in CO(2) emissions with lower fluxes (similar to2 mumol CO(2)(.)m(-2.)s(-2) 1) during the dry season. There were no significant differences in annual CO(2) soil emissions between the cerrado and the pasture, but the temporal trends differed, with higher fluxes in the pasture during the transition from the wet to the dry season. Artificial water addition in the pasture during the dry season resulted in short-lived pulses of NO and CO(2). C1 Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. UNEMAT, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-78690000 Nova Xavantina, Brazil. US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Geoquim, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Bustamante, MMC (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Campus Univ Darcy Ribeiro,ICC Sul, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mercedes@unb.br RI Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 SU S BP S221 EP S231 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TU UT WOS:000223269000019 ER PT J AU Hattis, D Goble, R Russ, A Chu, M Ericson, J AF Hattis, D Goble, R Russ, A Chu, M Ericson, J TI Age-related differences in susceptibility to carcinogenesis: A quantitative analysis of empirical animal bioassay data SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; fetal; ionizing radiation; mutagenic chemicals; risk assessment; statistical analysis; susceptibility ID DOSE-RESPONSE; RATS; PHARMACOKINETICS; VARIABILITY; MICE; UNCERTAINTY; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; ENZYMES; LIVER AB In revising cancer risk assessment guidelines, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) analyzed animal cancer bioassay data over different periods of life. In this article, we report an improved analysis of these data (supplemented with some chemical carcinogenesis observations not included in the U.S. EPA's original analysis) and animal bioassay studies of ionizing radiation. We use likelihood methods to avoid excluding cases where no tumors were observed in specific groups. We express dosage for animals of different weights on a metabolically consistent basis (concentration in air or food, or per unit body weight to the three-quarters power). Finally, we use a system of dummy variables to represent exposures during fetal, preweaning, and weaning-60-day postnatal periods, yielding separate estimates of relative sensitivity per day of dosing in these intervals. Central estimate results indicate a 5- to 60-fold increased carcinogenic sensitivity in the birth-weaning period per dose divided by (body weight(0.75)-day) for mutagenic carcinogens and a somewhat smaller increase-centered about 5-fold-for radiation carcinogenesis per gray. Effects were greater in males than in females. We found a similar increased sensitivity in the fetal period for direct-acting nitrosoureas, but no such increased fetal sensitivity was detected for carcinogens requiring metabolic activation. For the birth-weaning period, we found an increased sensitivity for direct administration to the pups similar to that found for indirect exposure via lactation. Radiation experiments indicated that carcinogenic sensitivity is not constant through the "adult" period, but the dosage delivered in 12- to 21-month-old animals appears a few-fold less effective than the comparable dosage delivered in young adults (90-105 days of age). C1 Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Hattis, D (reprint author), Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM dhattis@aol.com NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1152 EP 1158 DI 10.1289/ehp.6871 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 852GN UT WOS:000223743700033 PM 15289159 ER PT J AU McDowell, MA Dillon, CF Osterloh, J Bolger, PM Pellizzari, E Fernando, R de Oca, RM Schober, SE Sinks, T Jones, RL Mahaffey, KR AF McDowell, MA Dillon, CF Osterloh, J Bolger, PM Pellizzari, E Fernando, R de Oca, RM Schober, SE Sinks, T Jones, RL Mahaffey, KR TI Hair mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age: Reference range data from NHANES 1999-2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; child; diet; female; hair; mercury; NHANES; preschool ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; MATERNAL HAIR; BLOOD; POPULATION; NEUROTOXICITY; INTRAUTERINE; AMERICAN; JAPANESE; EPA AB Exposure to methyl mercury, a risk factor for neurodevelopmental toxicity, was assessed in U.S. children 1-5 years of age (n = 838) and women 16-49 years of age (n = 1,726) using hair mercury analysis during the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The data are nationally representative and are based on analysis of cross-sectional data for the noninstitutionalized, U.S. household population. The survey consisted of interviews conducted in participants' homes and standardized health examinations conducted in mobile examination centers. Distributions of total hair mercury levels expressed as micrograms per gram hair Hg and the association of hair Hg levels with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption are reported. Geometric mean (standard error of the geometric mean) hair mercury was 0.12 mug/g (0.01 mug/g) in children, and 0.20 mug/g (0.02 mug/g) in women. Among frequent fish consumers, geometric mean hair mercury levels were 3-fold higher for women (0.38 vs. 0.11 mug/g) and 2-fold higher for children (0.16 vs. 0.08 mug/g) compared with nonconsumers. The NHANES 1999-2000 data provide population-based data on hair mercury concentrations for women and children in the United States. Hair mercury levels were associated with age and fish consumption frequency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stn, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Prevent Pesticides & Toxic Subst, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC USA. RP McDowell, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stn, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4335, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MMcDowell@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 186 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1165 EP 1171 DI 10.1289/ehp.7046 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 852GN UT WOS:000223743700035 PM 15289161 ER PT J AU Xie, YX Trouba, KJ Liu, J Waalkes, MP Germolec, DR AF Xie, YX Trouba, KJ Liu, J Waalkes, MP Germolec, DR TI Biokinetics and subchronic toxic effects of ora arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid in v-Ha-ras transgenic (Tg.AC) mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; ABERRANT GENE-EXPRESSION; FORM POSITIVE FOCI; CELL-PROLIFERATION; REACTIVE OXYGEN; DNA METHYLATION; TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE; CHRONIC STIMULATION; URINARY-EXCRETION AB Previous research demonstrated that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment increased the number of skin papillomas in v-Ha-ras transgenic (Tg.AC) mice that had received sodium arsenite [(As(Ill)] in drinking water, indicating that this model is useful for studying the toxic effects of arsenic in vivo. Because the liver is a known target of arsenic, we examined the pathophysiologic and molecular effects of inorganic and organic arsenical exposure on Tg.AC mouse liver in this study. Tg.AC mice were provided drinking water containing As(III), sodium arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid [(MMA(V)], and 1,000 ppm dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] at dosages of 150, 200, 1,500, or 1,000 ppm as arsenic, respectively, for 17 weeks. Control mice received unaltered water. Four weeks after initiation of arsenic treatment, TPA at a dose of 1.25 mug/200 muL acetone was applied twice a week for 2 weeks to the shaved dorsal skin of all mice, including the controls not receiving arsenic. In some cases arsenic exposure reduced body weight gain and caused mortality (including moribundity). Arsenical exposure resulted in a dose-dependent accumulation of arsenic in the liver that was unexpectedly independent of chemical species and produced hepatic global DNA hypomethylation. cDNA microarray and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that all arsenicals altered the expression of numerous genes associated with toxicity and cancer. However, organic arsenicals [MMA(V) and DMA(V)] induced a pattern of gene expression dissimilar to that of inorganic arsenicals. In summary, subchronic exposure of Tg.AC mice to inorganic or organic arsenicals resulted in toxic manife-stations, hepatic arsenic accumulation, global DNA hypomethylation, and numerous gene expression changes. These effects may play a role in arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and carcinogenesis and may be of particular toxicologic relevance. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Germolec, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Comparat Carcinogenesis, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, NCI, POB 12233,Mail Drop C1-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM germolec@niehs.nih.gov NR 61 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 12 BP 1255 EP 1263 DI 10.1289/txg.7152 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 849GM UT WOS:000223526700019 PM 15345372 ER PT J AU Moo-Young, H Johnson, B Johnson, A Carson, D Lew, C Liu, S Hancock, K AF Moo-Young, H Johnson, B Johnson, A Carson, D Lew, C Liu, S Hancock, K TI Characterization of infiltration rates from landfills: Supporting groundwater modeling efforts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; COMPACTED CLAY; LINERS; LEAKAGE; GEOMEMBRANES; PERFORMANCE; DEFECTS AB The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to characterize infiltration rates from landfill liners to support groundwater modeling efforts. The focus of this investigation was on collecting studies that describe the performance of liners 'as installed' or 'as operated'. This document reviews the state of the science and practice on the infiltration rate through compacted clay liner (CCL) for 149 sites and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) for 1 site. In addition, it reviews the leakage rate through geomembrane ( GM) liners and composite liners for 259 sites. For compacted clay liners ( CCL), there was limited information on infiltration rates (i.e., only 9 sites reported infiltration rates.), thus, it was difficult to develop a national distribution. The field hydraulic conductivities for natural clay liners range from 1 x 10(-9) cm s(-1) to 1 x 10(-4) cm s(-1), with an average of 6.5 x 10(-8) cm s(-1). There was limited information on geosynthetic clay liner. For composite lined and geomembrane systems, the leak detection system flow rates were utilized. The average monthly flow rate for composite liners ranged from 0-32 lphd for geomembrane and GCL systems to 0 to 1410 lphd for geomembrane and CCL systems. The increased infiltration for the geomembrane and CCL system may be attributed to consolidation water from the clay. C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Lafayette, CA USA. RP Moo-Young, H (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM moo-young.horace@epa.gov NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 311 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000031734.67778.d7 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829BI UT WOS:000222017600020 PM 15327165 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH Weaver, JW Wilson, JT Jeong, SW AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH Weaver, JW Wilson, JT Jeong, SW TI Natural attenuation of trichloroethene and its degradation products at a lake-shore site SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE trichloroethene (TCE); dichloroethene (DCE); vinyl chloride (VC); natural attenuation; plume ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION AB Subsurface contamination by trichloroethene (TCE) was detected at a Michigan National Priorities List (NPL) site in 1982. The TCE plume resulted from the disposal of spent solvent and other chemicals at an industrial facility located in the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. TCE degradation products of three dichloroethcne (DCE) isomers, vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene were present. The plume was depleted of oxygen and methanogenic at certain depths. Transects of the plume were sampled by slotted auger borings the year after the TCE plume was first discovered. Water samples were also taken from lake sediments to a depth of 12 m about 100 m offshore. Later samples were taken along the shoreline of the lake with a hand-driven probe. Later in 1998 water was taken from sediments about 3-m from the shoreline. The average concentration of each chemical and net apparent base coefficient between appropriate pairs of transects between the lower site and lakeshore were calculated. Loss rates were then calculated from an analytical solution of the two-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive transport equation. Net apparent rate coefficients and a set of coupled reaction rate equations were used to extract the apparent loss coefficients. This study showed the field evidence for natural attenuation of TCE. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Korea Environm Inst, Seoul 122706, South Korea. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, BK21, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM anyjoo@snu.ac.kr NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.01.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831YV UT WOS:000222233700004 PM 15182966 ER PT J AU Landmeyer, JE Tanner, TL Watt, BE AF Landmeyer, JE Tanner, TL Watt, BE TI Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; FATE; ACCUMULATION; BUTYLTINS; ESTUARINE AB The largest documented release of organotin compounds to a freshwater river system in the United States occurred in early 2000 in central South Carolina. The release consisted of an unknown volume of various organotin compounds such tetrabutyltin (TTBT), tributyltin (TBT), tetraoctyltin (TTOT), and trioctyl tin (TOT) and resulted in a massive fish kill and the permanent closures of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a local city's only drinking-water intake. Initial sampling events in 2000 and 2001 indicated that concentrations of the ecologically toxic TTBT and TBT were each greater than 10000 mug/kg in surface-water bed sediments in depositional areas, such as lakes and beaver ponds downstream of the release. Bed-sediment samples collected between 2001 and 2003, however, revealed a substantial decrease in bed-sediment organotin concentrations and an increase in concentrations of degradation intermediate compounds. For example, in bed sediments of a representative beaver pond located about 1.6 km downstream of the release, total organotin concentrations [the sum of TTBT, TBT, and the TBT degradation intermediates dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT)] decreased from 38670 to 298 mug/kg. In Crystal Lake, a large lake about 0.4 km downstream from the beaver pond, total organotin concentrations decreased from 28 300 to less than 5 mug/kg during the same time period. Moreover, bed-sediment inorganic tin concentrations increased from pre-release levels of less than 800 to 32700 mug/kg during this time. These field data suggest that the released organotin compounds, such as TBT, are being transformed into inorganic tin by bed-sediment microbial processes. Microcosms were created in the laboratory that contained bed sediment from the two sites and were amended with tributyltin (as tributyltin chloride) under an ambient air headspace and sacrificially analyzed periodically for TBT, the biodegradation intermediates DBT and MBT, and tin. TBT concentrations decreased faster [half-life (t(1/2)) = 28 d] in the organic-rich sediments (21.5%) that characterized the beaver pond as compared to the slower (t(1/2) = 78 d) degradation rate in the sandy, organic-poor, sediments (0.43%) of Crystal Lake. Moreover, the concentration of inorganic tin increased in microcosms containing bed sediments from both locations. These field and laboratory results suggest that biotransformation of the released organotins, in particular the ecologically detrimental TBT, does occur in this fresh surface-water system impacted with high concentrations of neat organotin compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Data Resources Inc, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 15 BP 4106 EP 4112 DI 10.1021/es030697z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842WO UT WOS:000223035400017 PM 15352448 ER PT J AU Xie, HX Zafiriou, OC Cai, WJ Zepp, RG Wang, YC AF Xie, HX Zafiriou, OC Cai, WJ Zepp, RG Wang, YC TI Photooxidation and its effects on the carboxyl content of dissolved organic matter in two coastal rivers in the Southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; FULVIC-ACID; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID; SURFACE WATERS; SUWANNEE RIVER; DEGRADATION; COMPLEXES; GEORGIA AB Photodecarboxylation (often stoichiometrically expressed as RCOOH + 1/2O(2) --> ROH + CO(2)) has long been postulated to be principally responsible for generating CO(2) from photooxidation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, the quantitative relationships were investigated among O(2) consumption, CO(2) production, and variation of carboxyl content resulting from photooxidation of DOM in natural water samples obtained from the freshwater reaches of the Satilla River and Altamaha River in the southeastern United States. In terms of loss of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), loss of optical absorbance, and production of CO(2), the rate of photooxidation of DOM was increased in the presence of Fe redox chemistry and with increasing O(2) content. The ratio of photochemical O(2) consumption to CO(2) photoproduction ranged from similar to0.8 to 2.5, depending on the O(2) content,the extent of involvement of Fe, and probably the initial oxidation state of DOM as well. The absolute concentration of carboxyl groups ([-COOH]) on DOM only slightly decreased or increased over the course of irradiation, possibly depending on the stages of photooxidation, while the DOC-normalized carboxyl content substantially increased in the presence of Fe redox chemistry and sufficient O(2). Both the initial [-COOH] and the apparent loss of this quantity over the course of irradiation was too small to account for the much larger production of CO(2), suggesting that carboxyl groups were photochemically regenerated or that the major production pathway for CO(2) did not involve photodecarboxylation. The results from this study can be chemically rationalized by a reaction scheme of (a) photodecarboxylation/regeneration of carboxyl: C(x)H(y)O(z)(COOH)(m) + aO(2) + (metals, hv) --> bCO(2) + cH(2)O(2) + C(x-b)H(y)O(z')(COOH)(m-b)(COOH)(b) or of (b) nondecarboxylation photooxidation: C(x)H(y)O(z)(COOH)(m) + aO(2)+ (metals, hv) --> bCO(2) + cH(2)O(2) + C(x-b)H(y)O(z')(COOH)(m). C1 Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Xie, HX (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. EM huixiang_xie@uqar.qc.ca RI Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 NR 41 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 15 BP 4113 EP 4119 DI 10.1021/es035407t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842WO UT WOS:000223035400018 PM 15352449 ER PT J AU Andrewes, P Demarini, DM Funasaka, K Wallace, K Lai, VWM Sun, HS Cullen, WR Kitchin, KT AF Andrewes, P Demarini, DM Funasaka, K Wallace, K Lai, VWM Sun, HS Cullen, WR Kitchin, KT TI Do arsenosugars pose a risk to human health? The comparative toxicities of a trivalent and pentavalent arsenosugar SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); ORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS; DNA-DAMAGE; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; IN-VITRO; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; INORGANIC ARSENICS; HUMAN-CELLS; METABOLISM; SEAWEED AB Seafood frequently contains high concentrations of arsenic (similar to10-100 mg/kg dry weight). In marine algae (seaweed), this arsenic occurs predominantly as ribose derivatives known collectively as arsenosugars. Although it is clear that arsenosugars are not acutely toxic, there is a possibility of arsenosugars having slight chronic toxicity. In general, trivalent arsenicals are more toxic than their pentavalent counterparts, so in this work we examine the hypothesis that trivalent arsenosugars might be significantly more toxic than pentavalent arsenosugars in vitro. We compared the in vitro toxicity of (R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsinoyl-beta-D-riboside, a pentavalent arsenosugar, to that of its trivalent counterpart, (R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsino-beta-D- riboside. The trivalent arsenosugar nicked plasmid DNA, whereas the pentavalent arsenosugar did not. The trivalent arsenosugar was more cytotoxic (IC50 = 200 muM, 48 h exposure) than its pentavalent counterpart (IC50 > 6000 muM, 48 h exposure) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro as determined via the neutral red uptake assay. However, both the trivalent and the pentavalent arsenosugars were significantly less toxic than MMA(III), DMA(III), and arsenate. Neither the pentavalent arsenosugar nor the trivalent arsenosugar were mutagenic in Salmonella TA104. The trivalent arsenosugar was readily formed by reaction of the pentavalent arsenosugar with thiol compounds, including, cysteine, glutathione, and dithioerythritol. This work suggests that the reduction of pentavalent arsenosugars to trivalent arsenosugars in biology might have environmental consequences, especially because seaweed consumption is a significant environmental source for human exposure to arsenicals. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Osaka City Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Dept Atmospher Environm, Osaka 543, Japan. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 54 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 15 BP 4140 EP 4148 DI 10.1021/es035440f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842WO UT WOS:000223035400022 PM 15352453 ER PT J AU Hagy, JD Boynton, WR Keefe, CW Wood, KV AF Hagy, JD Boynton, WR Keefe, CW Wood, KV TI Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay, 1950-2001: Long-term change in relation to nutrient loading and river flow SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Review ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; ANOXIA; WATER; EUTROPHICATION; BALANCE; SEDIMENTS AB A 52-yr record of dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay (1950-2001) and a record of nitrate (NO3-) loading by the Susquehanna River spanning a longer period (1903, 1945-2001) were assembled to describe the long-term pattern of hypoxia and anoxia in Chesapeake Bay and its relationship to NO3- loading. The effect of freshwater inflow on NO3- loading and hypoxia was also examined to characterize its effect at interannual and longer time scales. Year to year variability in river flow accounted for some of the observed changes in hypoxic volume, but the long-term increase was not due to increased river flow. From 1950-2001, the volume of hypoxic water in mid summer increased substantially and at an accelerating rate. Predicted anoxic volume (DO < 0.2 mg l(-1)) at average river flow increased from zero in 1950 to 3.6 x 10(9) m(3) in 2001. Severe hypoxia (DO < 1.0 mg l(-1)) increased from 1.6 x 10(9) to 6.5 x 10(9) m(3) over the same period, while mild hypoxia (DO < 2.0 mg l(-1)) increased from 3.4 x 10(9) to 9.2 x 10(9) m(3). NO3- concentrations in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, increased up to 3-fold from 1945 to a 1989 maximum and declined through 2001. On a decadal average basis, the superposition of changes in river flow on the long-term increase in NO3- resulted in a 2-fold increase in NO3- loading from the Susquehanna River during the 1960s to 1970s. Decadal average loads were subsequently stable through the 1990s. Hypoxia was positively correlated with NO3- loading, but more extensive hypoxia was observed in recent years than would be expected from the observed relationship. The results suggested that the Bay may have become more susceptible to NO3- loading. To eliminate or greatly reduce anoxia will require reducing average annual total nitrogen loading to the Maryland mainstem Bay to 50 x 10(6) kg yr(-1), a reduction of 40% from recent levels. C1 Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Hagy, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM hagy.jim@epa.gov RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012 NR 117 TC 238 Z9 248 U1 7 U2 81 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 634 EP 658 DI 10.1007/BF02907650 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 849HC UT WOS:000223528300007 ER PT J AU Meng, L Cicchetti, G Chintala, M AF Meng, L Cicchetti, G Chintala, M TI Nekton habitat quality at shallow water sites in two Rhode island coastal systems SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; TAUTOG TAUTOGA-ONITIS; NARRAGANSETT BAY; GROWTH-RATES; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ESTUARINE HABITATS; JUVENILE FISHES; TEXAS USA; MARSH; PATTERNS AB We evaluated nekton habitat quality at 5 shallow-water sites in 2 Rhode Island systems by comparing nekton densities and biomass, number of species, prey availability and feeding, and abundance of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Nekton density and biomass were compared with a 1.75-m(2) drop ring at 3 sites (marsh, intertidal, and subtidal) in Coggeshall Cove in Narragansett Bay and two subtidal sites (eelgrass and macroalgae) in Ninigret Pond, a coastal lagoon. We collected benthic core samples and examined nekton stomach contents in Coggeshall Cove. We identified 16 species of fish, 16 species of crabs, and 3 species of shrimp in our drop ring samples. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated differences in total nekton, invertebrates, fish, and winter flounder across the five sites. Relative abundance of benthic invertebrate taxa did not match relative abundance of prey taxa identified in the stomachs. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots showed groupings in nekton and benthic invertebrate prey assemblages among subtidal, intertidal, and marsh sites in Coggeshall Cove. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that biomass of macroalgae was the most important variable predicting abundance of nekton in Coggeshall Cove, followed by elevation and depth. In Rhode Island systems that do not experience chronic hypoxia, macroalgae adds structure to unvegetated areas and provides refuge for small nekton. All sites sampled were characterized by high abundance and diversity of nekton pointing to the importance of shallow inshore areas for production of fishes and decapods. Measurements of habitat quality should include assessment of the functional significance of a habitat (this can be done by comparing nekton numbers and biomass), some measure of habitat diversity, and a consideration of how habitat quality varies in time and space. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Meng, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM meng.lesa@epa.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 740 EP 751 DI 10.1007/BF02907657 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 849HC UT WOS:000223528300014 ER PT J AU Kotani, M Kotani, T Li, Z Silbajoris, R Piantadosi, CA Huang, YCT AF Kotani, M Kotani, T Li, Z Silbajoris, R Piantadosi, CA Huang, YCT TI Reduced inspiratory flow attenuates IL-8 release and MAPK activation of lung overstretch SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acute lung injury; inspiratory flow; interleukin-8; mechanical ventilation; mitogen-activated; protein kinase ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE PATHWAY; FLUID SHEAR-STRESS; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; CYCLIC STRETCH AB Lung overstretch involves mechanical factors, including large tidal volumes (VT), which induce inflammatory responses. The current authors hypothesised that inspiratory flow contributes to ventilator-induced inflammation. Buffer-perfused rabbit lungs were ventilated for 2 h with 21% O(2)+5% CO(2), positive end-expiratory pressure of 2-3 cmH(2)O and randomly assigned to either: 1) normal VT (6 mL(.)kg(-1)) at respiratory rate (RR) 30, inspiration:expiration time ratio (I:E) 1:1, low inspiratory flow 6 mL(.)kg(-1.) s(-1); 2) large VT (12 mL(.)kg(-1)) at RR 30, I:E 1:1, high inspiratory flow 12 mL(.)kg(-1 .) s(-1) (HRHF); 3) large VT at RR 15, I:E 1:1, low inspiratory flow 6 mL (.) kg(-1 .) s(-1) (LRLF); or 4) large VT at RR 15, I:E 1:2.3, high inspiratory fl 10 mL (.) kg(-1) (.) s(-1) (LRHF). Physiological parameters, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-8 and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)) were measured. HRHF increased weight gain, perfusate IL-8 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK. These responses were absent during LRLF but present during LRHF. Changes in TNF-alpha were small. Tissue IL-8 and phospho-ERK1/2 staining was localised primarily to smooth muscle, adventitia and bronchial epithelium within larger bronchioles and arterioles. These results indicate that mild overstretch of perfused lungs during high inspiratory flow enhances inflammatory signalling by cells in lung regions most affected by strong turbulent airflow. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Med, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL073997] NR 60 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 442 GLOSSOP RD, SHEFFIELD S10 2PX, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1183/09031936.04.00128703 PG 9 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 842WG UT WOS:000223034600010 PM 15332391 ER PT J AU Block, ML Wu, X Pei, Z Li, G Wang, T Qin, L Wilson, B Yang, J Hong, JS Veronesi, B AF Block, ML Wu, X Pei, Z Li, G Wang, T Qin, L Wilson, B Yang, J Hong, JS Veronesi, B TI Nanometer size diesel exhaust particles are selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons: the role of microglia, phagocytosis, and NADPH oxidase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dopaminergic neurotoxicity; oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; ROTENONE-INDUCED DEGENERATION; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; IN-VITRO; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; TETRAZOLIUM SALT; RAT; DAMAGE AB The contributing role of environmental factors to the development of Parkinson's disease has become increasingly evident. We report that mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures treated with diesel exhaust particles (DEP; 0.22 muM) ( 5 - 50 mug/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, as determined by DA-uptake assay and tyrosine-hydroxylase immunocytochemistry (ICC). The selective toxicity of DEP for DA neurons was demonstrated by the lack of DEP effect on both GABA uptake and Neu-N immunoreactive cell number. The critical role of microglia was demonstrated by the failure of neuron-enriched cultures to exhibit DEP-induced DA neurotoxicity, where DEP-induced DA neuron death was reinstated with the addition of microglia to neuron-enriched cultures. OX-42 ICC staining of DEP treated neuronglia cultures revealed changes in microglia morphology indicative of activation. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and superoxide were produced from enriched-microglia cultures in response to DEP. Neuron-glia cultures from NADPH oxidase deficient (PHOX-/-) mice were insensitive to DEP neurotoxicity when compared with control mice (PHOX+/+). Cytochalasin D inhibited DEP-induced superoxide production in enriched-microglia cultures, implying that DEP must be phagocytized by microglia to produce superoxide. Together, these in vitro data indicate that DEP selectively damages DA neurons through the phagocytic activation of microglial NADPH oxidase and consequent oxidative insult. C1 NIEHS, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Div Neurotoxicol, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dalian Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Dalian, Peoples R China. RP NIEHS, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, MD F1-01,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Block@niehs.nih.gov NR 46 TC 158 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 14 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1618 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.04-1945fje PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 849QN UT WOS:000223554900004 PM 15319363 ER PT J AU Beedlow, PA Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Hogsett, WE Olszyk, DM AF Beedlow, PA Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Hogsett, WE Olszyk, DM TI Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon sequestration in forests SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-USE HISTORY; ELEVATED CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; HARDWOOD FORESTS; LITTER QUALITY AB Rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere could alter Earth's climate system, but it is thought that higher concentrations may improve plant growth through a process known as the "fertilization effect". Forests are an important part of the planet's carbon cycle, and sequester a substantial amount of the CO2 released into the atmosphere by human activities. Many people believe that the amount of carbon sequestered by forests will increase as CO2 concentrations rise. However, an increasing body of research suggests that the fertilization effect is limited by nutrients and air pollution, in addition to the well documented limitations posed by temperature and precipitation. This review suggests that existing forests are not likely to increase sequestration as atmospheric CO2 increases. It is imperative, therefore, that we manage forests to maximize carbon retention in above- and belowground biomass and conserve soil carbon. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Beedlow, PA (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 53 TC 57 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 2 IS 6 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0315:RACACS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GJ UT WOS:000223960900017 ER PT J AU Kavaliers, M Agmo, A Choleris, E Gustafsson, JA Korach, KS Muglia, LJ Pfaff, DW Ogawa, S AF Kavaliers, M Agmo, A Choleris, E Gustafsson, JA Korach, KS Muglia, LJ Pfaff, DW Ogawa, S TI Oxytocin and estrogen receptor alpha and beta knockout mice provide SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE analgesia; avoidance; mate choice; odor choice; social behavior; social recognition ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; SOCIAL RECOGNITION; FEMALE MICE; URINARY PROTEINS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; GENE DISRUPTION; STRESS; MOUSE; DISCRIMINATION AB Social behavior involves both the recognition and production of social cues. Mice with selective deletion (knockout) of either the gene for oxytocin (OT) or genes for the estrogen receptor (ER) -alpha or -beta display impaired social recognition. In this study we demonstrate that these gene knockout mice also provide discriminably different social stimuli in behavioral assays. In an odor choice test, which is a measure of social interest and discrimination, outbred female Swiss-Webster mice discriminated the urine odors of male knockouts (KO: OTKO, alphaERKO, betaERKO) from the odors of their wildtype littermates (WT: OTWT, alphaERWT, betaERWT). Females showed marked initial choices of the urine odors of OTWT and betaERWT males over those of OTKO and betaERKO males, and alphaERKO males over aERWT males. The odors of OTKO and betaERKO males also induced aversive, analgesic responses, with the odors of WTs having no significant effects. Odors of both the alphaERWT and alphaERKO males induced aversive, analgesic responses, with the odors of the WT inducing significantly greater analgesia. The odors of restraint stressed WT and KO males also elicited analgesia with, again, females displaying significantly greater responses to the odors of stressed OTKO and betaERKO males than their WTs, and significantly lower analgesia to the odors of stressed alphaERKO than alphaERWT males. These findings show that the KO mice are discriminated from their WTs on the basis of odor and that the various KOs differ in the relative attractiveness/aversiveness of their odors. Therefore, in behavioral assays one causal route by which gene inactivation alters the social behavior of knockout mice may be mediated through the partners' modified responses to their odors. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Rockefeller Univ, Neurobiol & Behav Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Tromso, Dept Psychol, Tromso, Norway. Univ Guelph, Dept Psychol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Nutr, Huddinge, Sweden. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO USA. RP Kavaliers, M (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. EM kavalier@uwo.ca FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH36273, MH62147] NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1601-1848 J9 GENES BRAIN BEHAV JI Genes Brain Behav. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2004.00068.x PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843OI UT WOS:000223092800001 PM 15307217 ER PT J AU Maddaloni, MA AF Maddaloni, MA TI Bioavailability of soil-borne chemicals: A regulatory perspective SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE metals; soil; bioavailability; risk assessment; regulatory decisions AB U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk assessment guidance documents dating back to 1989 have articulated the principles for incorporating information on bioavailability into the risk assessment process. However, in the interim period both the methods for obtaining media or route specific measures of bioavailability and the corresponding guidance to incorporate these data have languished. Presently, USEPA is developing guidance to address both of these concerns. This article outlines the broad framework for systematically evaluating the role of bioavailability in site-specific risk assessment from a regulatory perspective. At the same time, in appreciation of the vast horizon of uncharted territory ahead, the focus of USEPA's draft guidance, and consequently this report, is on bioavailability adjustments for soil-borne metals. The article describes a two-stage process. The first stage outlines a paradigm for screening sites to determine if generating site-specific data on the bioavailability of a metal in soil is of technical utility and economically justifiable. The second stage focuses on the collection, analysis, and incorporation of these data into the risk assessment for decision-making purposes. C1 US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. RP Maddaloni, MA (reprint author), US EPA, 290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM maddaloni.mark@epa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1080/10807030490484246 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851WX UT WOS:000223718300006 ER PT J AU Rhodin, NR Cutalo, JM Tomer, KB McArthur, WP Brady, LJ AF Rhodin, NR Cutalo, JM Tomer, KB McArthur, WP Brady, LJ TI Characterization of the Streptococcus mutans P1 epitope recognized by immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody 6-11A SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES; SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN; TETANUS TOXIN ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; DENTAL-CARIES; T-CELLS; IMMUNE-COMPLEX; CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPE AB Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6-11A directed against Streptococcus mutans surface adhesin P1 was shown previously to influence the mucosal immunogenicity of this organism in BALB/c mice. The specificity of anti-P1 serum inummoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory IgA antibodies and the subclass distribution of anti-P1 serum IgG antibodies were altered, and the ability of elicited serum antibodies to inhibit S. mutans adherence in vitro was in certain cases increased. MAb 6-11A is known to recognize an epitope dependent on the presence of the proline-rich region of the protein, although it does not bind directly to the isolated P-region domain. In this report, we show that MAb 6-11A recognizes a complex discontinuous epitope that requires the simultaneous presence of the alanine-rich repeat domain (A-region) and the P-region. Formation of the core epitope requires the interaction of these segments of P1. Residues amino terminal to the A-region also contributed to recognition by MAb 6-11A but were not essential for binding. Characterization of the MAb 6-11A epitope will enable insight into potential mechanisms of immuno-modulation and broaden our understanding of the tertiary structure of P1. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Oral Biol, Coll Dent, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Struct Biol, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dent Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Brady, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Oral Biol, Coll Dent, POB 100424, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jbrady@dental.ufl.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [T32-DE07200, R01 DE013882, T32 DE007200, DE13882] NR 70 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 72 IS 8 BP 4680 EP 4688 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.8.4680-4688.2004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 841LW UT WOS:000222932600043 PM 15271929 ER PT J AU Sarangapani, R Teeguarden, JG Gentry, PR Clewell, HJ Barton, HA Bogdanffy, MS AF Sarangapani, R Teeguarden, JG Gentry, PR Clewell, HJ Barton, HA Bogdanffy, MS TI Interspecies dose extrapolation for inhaled dimethyl sulfate: A PBPK model-based analysis using nasal cavity N-7-methylguanine adducts SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; DNA-ADDUCTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; EXCISION-REPAIR AB Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a volatile sulfuric acid ester used principally as a methylating agent in a wide variety of industrial applications. DMS reacts with organic macromolecules by a S(N)2 mechanism. The weight of experimental evidence suggests that DMS possesses genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. Inhalation studies have shown that repeated exposure to DMS leads to tumors in the nasal cavity and lower respiratory tract in both rats and mice. Here we present a quantitative assessment for cross-species dose extrapolation for inhaled DMS using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The model is designed to simulate N-7-methylguanine (N(7)mG) DNA adduct levels in the nasal mucosa following DMS exposure in rats and humans. This model was parameterized and predictions were tested by comparison against experimentally measured N(7)mG DNA adduct levels in rat nasal mucosa following inhalation exposure to DMS. The model-based interspecies dose comparison, using N(7)mG adduct levels in the nasal respiratory tissue as the appropriate dose metrics, predicts a dose rate seven times higher in rats compared to humans. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. ICF Consulting, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. ENVIRON Corp, Collegeville, PA USA. ENVIRON Corp, Ruston, LA USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bogdanffy, MS (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, POB 50,Elkton Rd, Newark, DE 19714 USA. EM matthew.s.bogdanffy@usa.dupont.com OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 16 IS 9 BP 593 EP 605 DI 10.1080/08958370490464562 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 842GN UT WOS:000222991800002 PM 16036752 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Magnuson, ML Snoeyink, VL AF Lytle, DA Magnuson, ML Snoeyink, VL TI Effect of oxidants on the properties of Fe(III) particles and suspensions formed from the oxidation of Fe(II) SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IRON REMOVAL; MELAMINE RESINS; NATURAL-WATERS; FERROUS IRON; GREEN RUST; OXYGENATION; OXIDES; PRECIPITATION; FERRIHYDRITE AB Oxidation of ferrous iron, Fe(II), to ferric iron, Fe(III), is an important reaction in drinking water treatment and distribution systems, and the ferric particles that form are a major source of consumer complaints about colored water. Ferrous iron is found naturally in many groundwaters and can be released from distribution system materials. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH; oxidant type (oxygen, chlorine, and chlorine dioxide); and oxidant concentration on the properties of Fe(III) particles and suspensions formed from Fe(II) oxidation. The color and turbidity per unit mass of iron of suspensions formed from oxygen were more than twice those of suspensions formed from chlorine and chlorine dioxide at all pH values. Similar observations were made during tests with oxygen and chlorine using natural groundwaters at two field locations. Particles formed from chlorine and chlorine dioxide were less dense and had a greater capacity to adsorb orthophosphate. Experimental observations were explained using a model that considers differences in Fe(III) particle formation and growth pathways. These research findings have practical implications related to both water treatment (iron removal) and distribution system issues. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 112 EP 124 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 850IJ UT WOS:000223604200022 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Phillips, DL Culleton, BJ Guilderson, TP Koch, PL AF Newsome, SD Phillips, DL Culleton, BJ Guilderson, TP Koch, PL TI Dietary reconstruction of an early to middle Holocene human population from the central California coast: insights from advanced stable isotope mixing models SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE human paleodiets; stable isotopes; isotope mixing models; California coast; Early Holocene ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; TERRESTRIAL PROTEIN; BONE-COLLAGEN; MARINE; RATIOS; ISLAND; SUBSISTENCE; SHELLFISH; NITROGEN; AMERICA AB The inherent sampling and preservational biases of the archaeological record make it difficult to quantify prehistoric human diets, especially in coastal settings, where populations had access to a wide range of marine and terrestrial food sources. In certain cases, geochemical proxies such as stable isotope ratios may be utilized to provide robust estimates on the relative proportions of various food resources consumed by prehistoric populations. The Harkins Slough archaeological site (SCR-60/130) is an early to middle Holocene coastal assemblage located on Monterey Bay in central CA. The carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotope composition of human burials and associated archaeofauna excavated from the site were measured for input into a concentration-dependent isotope mixing model that is able to statistically discriminate among multiple (>3) food sources. The human burials segregate into two distinct groups, an early (similar to7000 bp) and middle (similar to4500 bp) Holocene population with significant dietary differences. Stable isotope analyses indicate a 70-84% marine food source contribution for the early Holocene group (EHG), but only a 48-58% marine dietary contribution for the middle Holocene group (MHG). Results also suggest that pinnipeds were an important marine food source for both groups. Modeling results are in agreement with archaeological evidence from southern CA, suggesting that early Holocene coastal populations were highly dependent on marine resources, with the ability to procure both littoral and pelagic species. Further, the use of terrestrial plant sources likely increased over time, with the feasible contribution range doubling from the EHG (4-30%, mean 19%) to MHG (10-52%, mean 38%). This trend is supported by regional archaeological evidence for the advent of technological innovations linked to intensive terrestrial plant processing beginning in the middle Holocene. Methodologically, this work demonstrated the utility of a concentration-dependent stable isotope mixing model in an iterative framework to provide feasible ranges of dietary contribution when the number of food sources is too high to allow a unique solution. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Pacific Legacy Inc, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM snewsome@es.ucsc.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 75 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2004.02.001 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 836DM UT WOS:000222535600006 ER PT J AU Choi, BCK Orlova, A Marsh, M Issa, N Morrison, H AF Choi, BCK Orlova, A Marsh, M Issa, N Morrison, H TI Two information dissemination approaches for public health decision makers: encyclopaedia and fire alarm SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Environm Hlth Sci Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, BCK (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, AL 6701A,120 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. EM Bernard_Choi@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 8 BP 634 EP 634 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 837JM UT WOS:000222625400004 PM 15252063 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PR AF Kodavanti, PR TI Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on intracellular calcium buffering in rat cerebellum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Transactions-of-the-American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Transact Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 SU 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852NB UT WOS:000223760900063 ER PT J AU Royland, JE AF Royland, JE TI Differential gene expression in the murine brain: brain area vs. age SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Transactions-of-the-American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Transact Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 SU 1 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852NB UT WOS:000223760900122 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS AF Fisher, WS TI Antimicrobial activity of copper and zinc accumulated in eastern oyster amebocytes SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE oysters; Crassostrea virginica; marine bivalves; copper; zinc; metals; contaminants; amebocytes; leucocytes; hemocytes; internal defense; immunomodulation; immunosuppression; metal toxicity; sentinel species ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA HEMOCYTES; PROPHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVATING SYSTEM; PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTIONS; CELLULAR DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; AMERICAN OYSTER; HEAVY-METALS; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; PACIFIC OYSTER; IN-VITRO; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS AB The distribution of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica near terrestrial watersheds has led to a general impression that low or variable salinity is imperative for survival. However, freshwater runoff contains numerous mineral elements from geologic deposits that could play significant roles in oyster physiology. Two metals of terrestrial origin, copper and zinc, are accumulated to extremely high concentrations in eastern oysters, even in the absence of anthropogenic sources. As yet, there has been no defendable demonstration of a physiologic function for such high concentrations. Both copper and zinc, however, are accumulated almost exclusively in the amebocytes and calcareous shell of oysters, a unique distribution that implicates a role in the functions of amebocytes. Amebocytes are migratory, diapedetic cells generally recognized to provide nutriment and defense through phagocytosis, killing, and digestion of invading or ingested microorganisms. There is sufficient evidence in existing literature to suggest that copper and zinc directly contribute to these antimicrobial activities. This review presents historical and recent findings that demonstrate a strong affinity of oyster amebocytes for copper and zinc (even in low ambient concentrations), prolonged retention of the metals despite a potential route of elimination, and strong circumstantial evidence of antimicrobial activity by accumulated copper and zinc. It is proposed that oysters actively concentrate copper and zinc as antimicrobial agents to be used in intracellular and extracellular killing (direct toxicity) as well as extracellular clot formation (precipitation of hemolymph). This potential, combined with evidence of amebocyte involvement in deposition of oyster shell, provides an alternative framework for understanding amebocyte functions, defense activities, and coastal distributions of oyster populations. It also affords some resolution to the apparent contradiction of eastern oysters thriving at seemingly polluted locations. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov NR 250 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 351 PG 31 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 854TB UT WOS:000223925100001 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS AF Fisher, WS TI Relationship of amebocytes and terrestrial elements to adult shell deposition in eastern oysters SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE oysters; Crassostrea virginica; marine bivalves; copper; metals; contaminants; amebocytes; leucocytes; hemocytes; larval setting; larval metamorphosis; shell deposition; metal toxicity; oyster management; oyster reef restoration ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ORGANIC MATRIX; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; AMERICAN OYSTER; TRACE-METALS; GIGAS; COPPER; MINERALIZATION; CALCIFICATION; HEMOCYTES AB Freshwater runoff contains terrestrial elements from geologic deposits that may be vital to survival of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, a factor that could account for their distribution near terrestrial watersheds. Some of these elements are accumulated in granules of oyster amebocytes, which are highly mobile, diapedetic cells with widely-recognized roles in oyster defense and nutrition. Amebocytes are known to discharge antimicrobial substances from membrane-lined cytoplasmic granules into extracellular spaces, a process referred to as degranulation. A similar, if not identical, process has been described for discharge of copper and zinc from cytoplasmic granules to precipitate hemolymph proteins and initiate clotting. This review examines evidence that supports amebocyte involvement in eastern oyster shell deposition and a potential role for accumulated terrestrial elements in crystallization. It is proposed that metal-bearing amebocytes discharge inorganic elements that precipitate proteins and initiate or facilitate shell crystallization. Support for this conjecture derives partly from high concentrations of terrestrial elements in adult shell, changes in shell morphology at metamorphosis, hypothesized mechanisms for shell repair and pearl formation, and the absence of other known mechanisms for shell crystallization. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov NR 121 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 353 EP 367 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 854TB UT WOS:000223925100002 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Yi, JY Hong, KS AF Lee, JK Yi, JY Hong, KS TI Structural and electrical properties (1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 solid solution SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sodium bismuth titanate; phase transition; piezoelectricity ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SUBSTITUTED (NA1/2BI1/2)TIO3; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CERAMICS; SYSTEM AB Structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1 - x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (NBT-xPMN) solid solution have been investigated. An addition of PMN into NBT transformed the structure of sintered samples from rhombohedral to pseudocubic phase where x is larger than 0.1. In calcined powders, however, the intermediate structure were observed between rhombohedral and cubic phases near x = 0.1. The formation of solid solution between NBT and PMN modified the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of NBT to be suitable for high temperature dielectric and piezoelectric material. With increasing the content of PMN, the temperature-stability of epsilon(r)(T) increased and the high temperature dielectric loss decreased. In addition, the piezoelectric property of NBT-xPMN was enhanced, for the decrease of coercive field and conductivity promoted the domain reversal under the high electric field of the poling process. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ESA, US EPA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div,ESA Energy & Proc Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), ESA, US EPA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div,ESA Energy & Proc Engn, MS J580, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 177 IS 8 BP 2850 EP 2854 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.04.046 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 844GH UT WOS:000223145500029 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AE Bakshi, KS Kimmel, CA Buck, GM Feuston, MH Foster, PMD Friedman, JM Holson, JF Hughes, CL Moore, JA Schwetz, BA Scialli, AR Scott, WJ Vorhees, CV Zirkin, BR AF Mitchell, AE Bakshi, KS Kimmel, CA Buck, GM Feuston, MH Foster, PMD Friedman, JM Holson, JF Hughes, CL Moore, JA Schwetz, BA Scialli, AR Scott, WJ Vorhees, CV Zirkin, BR TI Evaluating chemical and other agent exposures for reproductive and developmental toxicity SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Reprint ID JP-8 JET FUEL; DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT; ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVELS; NONCANCER RISK-ASSESSMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ORGAN WEIGHT DATA; BORIC-ACID; SAFETY FACTORS; BLOOD-LEVELS; CD-1 MICE C1 CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sanofi Pharmaceut, Malvern, PA USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. WIL Res Lab, Ashland, OH USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Inst Evaluating Hlth Risks, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bakshi, KS (reprint author), Natl Acad, Board Environm Studies & Toxicol, Keck Bldg,500 5th St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM Kbakshi@nas.edu OI Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 267 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 15-16 BP 1159 EP 1314 DI 10.1080/15287390490460994 PG 156 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 837LW UT WOS:000222637900001 PM 15205023 ER PT J AU Shank, GC Skrabal, SA Whitehead, RF Kieber, RJ AF Shank, GC Skrabal, SA Whitehead, RF Kieber, RJ TI Strong copper complexation in an organic-rich estuary: the importance of allochthonous dissolved organic matter SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper speciation; trace metals; organic ligands; humics; Southeast US; North Carolina ID CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CU-COMPLEXING LIGANDS; CAPE-FEAR RIVER; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; NATURAL-WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; METAL SPECIATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE WATERS AB River input of allochthonous organic matter dominates the strong complexation capacity of dissolved copper in the organic-rich Cape Fear River (CFR) estuary, North Carolina. This slightly stratified estuary is characterized by conservatively mixed dissolved organic carbon (DOC= 200 - 1200 muM C), high river flow, and low biological productivity. Copper speciation data measured using competitive ligand equilibration-cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-CSV with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ)) for seven Cape Fear estuarine transects revealed that strong (mean detection window alpha(Cu8HQ) = 10(5.2)) Cu-complexing ligands range in concentration from 7 to >200 nM (at fixed K-CuL' = 1013,5), are conservatively mixed below the turbidity maximum zone (S similar to 5), and exist in substantial excess of dissolved Cu levels (3-25 nM). Strong ligand and DOC concentrations exhibited strong linear correlations among transect samples at DOC concentrations < 1000 muM C (r(2) = 0. 93, pmuch less than0.01) and among all size fractions of ultrafiltered estuarine samples (r(2)=0.94, pmuch less than0.01). A 300 muM C solution of Cape Fear River humic substances isolated using C-18 extraction exhibited a strong Cu ligand concentration of 143 nM (at fixed K-CuL' 10(13.5)). Comparison with speciation data from estuarine transects indicates C-18 isolated humics could account for 100% of the typical strong Cu-complexation capacity in the Cape Fear estuary. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Shank, GC (reprint author), US EPA, ERD, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM shank.chris@epamail.epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 51 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.03.001 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 827QH UT WOS:000221915000002 ER PT J AU Shank, GC Skrabal, SA Whitehead, RF Avery, GB Kieber, RJ AF Shank, GC Skrabal, SA Whitehead, RF Avery, GB Kieber, RJ TI River discharge of strong Cu-complexing ligands to south Atlantic bight waters SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper speciation; trace metals; organic ligands; cape fear river; South Atlantic bight ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CAPE-FEAR RIVER; COPPER COMPLEXATION; SARGASSO-SEA; SPECIATION; CHELATORS; MATTER; BEHAVIOR; SEAWATER AB Discharge of dissolved organic matter (DOM) provides an important source of strong Cu-complexing ligands to the coastal ocean waters of Long Bay off the southeast coast of North Carolina. Concentrations of strong Cu ligands (SigmaL(i) at fixed K'(CuL) = 10(13.5)), measured using competitive ligand equilibration-cathodic stripping voltammetry with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as the competing ligand, were linearly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (SigmaL(i)=0.23DOC-14, r(2)=0.81, pmuch less than0.01, n=9) in Long Bay transect samples. The relationship between SigmaL(i) and DOC measured in this study was very similar to that measured in a previous study for Cape Fear estuarine sites. The Cape Fear provides 1.8 x 10(6) Mol of Strong Cu ligands annually to Long Bay with a ratio of ligand/DOC of 1.7 x 10(-5) mol g(-1) C. For South Atlantic Bight (SAB) shelf waters, yearly discharge from organic-rich rivers may provide up to 1.7 x 10(7) Mol of strong Cu ligands. A river flux of this magnitude could support 1.6 nM strong Cu-complexation capacity throughout the SAB water column, or up to 50% of the total pool of strong Cu-complexing ligands. Estimates for the worldwide river discharge of terrestrial DOM indicate this source could support 0.03-0.2 nM strong Cu complexation capacity, or a maximum of 20% of the global ocean reservoir of strong Cu ligands. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Shank, GC (reprint author), US EPA, ERD, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM shank.chris@epamail.epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.01.007 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 827QH UT WOS:000221915000003 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Heintz, R Rice, SD AF Barron, MG Heintz, R Rice, SD TI Relative potency of PAHs and heterocycles as aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in fish SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12) CY MAY 09, 2002-MAY 13, 2003 CL Safety Harbor, FL SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Int Soc Study Xenobiot, Univ Florida, Coll Pharmacy, Biosense Labs, Mol Light Technol Res, Hamilton Thorne Biosci, Elsevier Publishers, United States Geol Survey, BRD FL Integrated Sci Ctr DE PAHs; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; embryo; fish ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HEPATOMA-CELL LINE; 7-ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE ACTIVITY; INDUCTION POTENCIES; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; PRIMARY CULTURES; CYP1A; AZAARENES; EXPOSURE; INDUCERS AB The relative potency of polycyclic aromatic compounds as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in fish was determined using data on CYP1A induction or AhR binding for 74 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocycles in teleost, avian, or mammalian systems from 18 published papers. Each PAH was assigned a fish potency factor relative to the potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an AhR agonist. Two and three ring unsubstituted PAHs were generally inactive in fish, avian, and mammalian systems. Benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were consistently the most potent PAHs, with fish potency factors of 0.001-0.002. Common structural features associated with higher potency PAHs included 4-6 rings containing fluoranthene or phenanthrene structures with an exposed bay region. These results show that PAHs can have similar potency as many dioxin-like PCBs, and AhR mediated toxicity should be considered in assessing the risks of PAHs in fish. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 PEAK Res, Longmont, CO USA. NMFS, NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 21 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2-5 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 831MS UT WOS:000222199100002 PM 15178019 ER PT J AU Knoebl, I Hemmer, MJ Denslow, ND AF Knoebl, I Hemmer, MJ Denslow, ND TI Induction of zona radiata and vitellogenin genes in estradiol and nonylphenol exposed male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 12) CY MAY 09, 2002-MAY 13, 2003 CL Safety Harbor, FL SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Int Soc Study Xenobiot, Univ Florida, Coll Pharmacy, Biosense Labs, Mol Light Technol Res, Hamilton Thorne Biosci, Elsevier Publishers, United States Geol Survey, BRD FL Integrated Sci Ctr DE vitellogenin; zona radiata protein; estradiol; nonylphenol; real time PCR ID IN-VIVO AB Several genes normally induced by estradiol (E-2) in female fish, those for vitellogenins (VTGs) and zona radiata proteins (ZRPs), are also inducible in males exposed to estrogenic chemicals. Male sheepshead minnows (SHM) were exposed to both E-2 and para-nonylphenol (NP), at several doses and times to determine a dose-response. Quantitative real time PCR was used to measure mRNA for VTG1, VTG2, ZRP2 and ZRP3. Both E-2 and NP elicited a dose-response increase in all of the mRNAs tested. Exposure to both chemicals resulted in VTG2 expression at about a 10-fold lower level than VTG1, and ZRP2 expression at a lower level than ZRP3. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM denslow@biotech.ufl.edu NR 7 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2-5 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.043 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 831MS UT WOS:000222199100064 PM 15178080 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Gangloff, MM Feminella, JW AF Fritz, KM Gangloff, MM Feminella, JW TI Habitat modification by the stream macrophyte Justicia americana and its effects on biota SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE habitat modification; stream macrophyte; substrate stability; Justicia americana; disturbance ID NEW-ZEALAND STREAM; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HEADWATER STREAMS; MATTER RETENTION; UPLAND STREAMS; ROCK MOVEMENT; DISTURBANCE; FACILITATION AB We conducted an in-stream experiment to determine if and by what mechanisms the emergent macrophyte, Justicia americiana, enhances streambed stability and influences associated benthic organisms. Treatments included removal of aboveground stems, removal of stems and rhizomes, and a control. Stone stability and embeddedness were higher within intact patches of Justicia compared with areas where stems and rhizomes were removed. Presence of belowground structures binding stones and higher embeddedness were responsible for differences in stone stability among treatments. Sediment deposition was highly variable among treatments; however, silt and clay deposition was highest in the control when Justicia stems reached maximum biomass. Response of neighboring benthic organisms to Justicia treatments varied with organism mobility and trophic level. Sedentary unionid mussels were more abundant in the control than in the stem and rhizome-removal treatment, whereas abundance of mobile snails (Elimia ucheensis) and sessile plants (Podostemon ceratophyllum and mosses) did not differ among treatments. Justicia appears to modify the stream environment by: (1) increasing stability of streambed sediments, and (2) reducing current velocity, thereby enhancing deposition of fine sediments and organic matter. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King,Mailstop 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 65 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2004 VL 140 IS 3 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1594-3 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842MP UT WOS:000223008700002 PM 15221435 ER PT J AU Thomas, DJ Waters, SB Styblo, M AF Thomas, DJ Waters, SB Styblo, M TI Elucidating the pathway for arsenic methylation SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; methylated arsenicals; methylation; arsenic methyltransferase; rat; methyltransferase; cyt19; reductants; thioredoxin ID MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; RABBIT LIVER; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; INVITRO METHYLATION; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; MMA(V) REDUCTASE AB Although biomethylation of arsenic has been studied for more than a century, unequivocal demonstration of the methylation of inorganic arsenic by humans occurred only about 30 years ago. Because methylation of inorganic arsenic activates it to more reactive and toxic forms, elucidating the pathway for the methylation of this metalloid is a topic of considerable importance. Understanding arsenic metabolism is of public health concern as millions of people chronically consume drinking water that contains high concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Hence, the focus of our research has been to elucidate the molecular basis of the steps in the pathway that leads from inorganic arsenic to methylated and dimethylated arsenicals. Here we describe a new S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferase from rat liver cytosol that catalyzes the conversion of arsenite to methylated and dimethylated species. This 42-kDa protein has sequence motifs common to many nonnucleic acid methyltransferases and is closely related to methyltransferases of previously unknown function that have been identified by conceptual translations of cyt19 genes of mouse and human genomes. Hence, we designate rat liver arsenic methyltransferase as cyt19 and suggest that orthologous cyt19 genes encode an arsenic methyltransferase in the mouse and human genomes. Our studies with recombinant rat cyt19 find that, in the presence of an exogenous or a physiological reductant, this protein can catalyze the entire sequence of reactions that convert arsenite to methylated metabolites. A scheme linking cyt19 and thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase in the methylation and reduction of arsenicals is proposed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B143-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09941] NR 51 TC 163 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.020 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 844GR UT WOS:000223146600009 PM 15276411 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Bucci, S Goldstein, G Scholz, FG Warren, JM AF Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Bucci, S Goldstein, G Scholz, FG Warren, JM TI Converging patterns of uptake and hydraulic redistribution of soil water in contrasting woody vegetation types SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Water Uptake and Transport in Trees held at the 3rd International Canopy Conference CY JUN 23-28, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Queensland Govt, Smithsonian Inst DE coniferous forest; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; rhizosphere; roots; soil water potential; tropical savanna. ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PREDAWN PLANT; REVERSE FLOW; SAP FLOW; ROOTS; TREES; LIFT AB We used concurrent measurements of soil water content and soil water potential (Psi(soil)) to assess the effects of Psi(soil) on uptake and hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water by roots during seasonal drought cycles at six sites characterized by differences in the types and amounts of woody vegetation and in climate. The six sites included a semi-arid old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws & C. Laws) forest, a moist old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forest, a 24-year-old Douglas-fir forest and three Brazilian savanna sites differing in tree density. At all of the sites, HR was confined largely to the upper 60 cm of soil. There was a common threshold relationship between the relative magnitude of HR and Psi(soil) among the six study sites. Below a threshold Psi(soil) of about -0.4 MPa, overnight recharge of soil water storage increased sharply, and reached a maximum value of 80-90% over a range of Psi(soil) from similar to -1.2 to -1.5 MPa. Although amounts of water hydraulically redistributed to the upper 60 cm of soil were relatively small (0 to 0.4 min day(-1)), they greatly reduced the rates of seasonal decline in Psi(soil). The effectiveness of HR in delaying soil drying diminished with increasing sapwood area per ground area. The relationship between soil water utilization and Psi(soil) in the 20-60-cm layer was nearly identical for all six sites. Soil water utilization varied with a surrogate measure of rhizosphere conductance in a similar manner at all six sites. The similarities in relationships between Psi(soil) and HR, soil water utilization and relative rhizosphere conductance among the six sites, suggests that, despite probable differences in maximum rooting depth and density, there was a convergence in biophysical controls on soil water utilization and redistribution in the upper soil layers where the density of finer roots is greatest. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NHEERL, US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277; Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 43 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 27 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 8 BP 919 EP 928 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 842NG UT WOS:000223010500007 PM 15172842 ER PT J AU Shevade, S Ford, RG AF Shevade, S Ford, RG TI Use of synthetic zeolites for arsenate removal from pollutant water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arsenic; synthetic zeolites; sorption; pH buffering ID ADSORPTION AB Arsenic is known to be a hazardous contaminant in drinking water that causes arsenical dermatitis and skin cancer. In the present work, the potential use of a variety of synthetic zeolites for removal of arsenic from water below the current and proposed EPA MCL has been examined at room temperature. Experiments have been conducted to examine the extent of arsenic removal as a function of pH. The effect of initial arsenic concentration and liquid to solid ratio in the batch reactions has also been studied. Zeolite NH4+/Y (NY6) showed significant arsenate removal capacity over a wide initial pH range of 2-12. Zeolite NY6 achieved this performance by buffering the initial pH to within a range of 3.5 < pH < 7 where uptake of arsenate onto aluminol surface groups is at a maximum. The high aluminum content of NY6 (i.e. low Si/Al ratio) was an important factor governing the improved performance of this zeolite relative to other tested zeolites with higher Si/Al ratio. The pH buffering capacity of NY6 could lead to savings in cost and process time for industrial effluent treatment due to avoidance of a pH pre-conditioning step prior to arsenate removal. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Shevade, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM siddhesh-shevade@yahoo.com RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 25 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 14-15 BP 3197 EP 3204 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 847SA UT WOS:000223414000007 PM 15276735 ER PT J AU Jordan, DJ Rombough, CJ Pearl, CA McCreary, B AF Jordan, DJ Rombough, CJ Pearl, CA McCreary, B TI Cannibalism and predation by western toad (Bufo boreas boreas) larvae in Oregon, USA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE anuran; Bufo boreas boreas; cannibalism; Pseudacris regilla; larvae; predation; Rima cascadae ID AMPHIBIAN LARVAE; GROWTH; TADPOLES; METAMORPHOSIS; COMPETITION C1 US EPA, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 403 EP 405 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852ZU UT WOS:000223796400015 ER PT J AU Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Reed, AW Junod, N AF Chuang, JC Van Emon, JM Reed, AW Junod, N TI Comparison of immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for measuring 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in multiple sample media SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; 3,5,6-TCP; soil; dust; food; urine; GC/MS; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA; immurroassay; 96-microwell; RaPID assay ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN URINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES; CHILDREN; ELISA; SOIL AB Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were evaluated for the determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP) in multiple sample media (dust, soil, food, and urine). The dust and soil samples were analyzed by a commercial RaPID immunoassay testing kit. The food and urine samples were analyzed by a laboratory-based 96-microwell plate immunoassay format. Methanol was used as the extraction solvent for the preparation of the dust and soil samples for analysis by both the ELISA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GOMS) procedures. Chlorobutane was used for extraction of the urine samples for each method. The food samples were extracted with methanol for GC/MS and with acidic methanol for ELISA. The percent difference of the duplicate RaPID assays ranged from 0 to 43.4% for dust and from 0 to 47.9% for soil. The percent relative standard deviation of the 96-microwell plate triplicate assays was 15% or less for food and urine samples. Quantitative recoveries of 3,5,6-TCP were obtained for the spiked dust, soil, food and urine samples by ELISA ranging from 71 to 102%. Quantitative recoveries (>90%) of 3,5,6-TCP were also obtained for these samples by the GC/MS procedure. The overall method precision of these samples was within +/- 10% using the GOMS procedure. The immunoassay and GC/MS data were highly correlated, with correlation coefficients of 0.98 for dust, 0.98 for soil, 0.93 for food, and 0.98 for urine. Both ELISA methods can be used as quantitative monitoring tools for 3,5,6-TCP concentrations in dust, soil, food, and urine samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, NAHE, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM chuangj@battelle.org NR 27 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 517 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.034 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 835OX UT WOS:000222494200023 ER PT J AU Kirchgessner, DA Richards, RG Heath, F Smith, RD AF Kirchgessner, DA Richards, RG Heath, F Smith, RD TI Advanced dehydrator design recovers gas, reduces emissions SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. So Res Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Engn Concepts LLC, Houston, TX USA. Kerr McGee Corp, Brighton, CO USA. RP Kirchgessner, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kirchgessner.david@epa.gov; bob-richards@sri-rtp.com; rdsmith@kmg.com NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 28 BP 52 EP 60 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 842AN UT WOS:000222974700014 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SM Ehman, K Barone, S AF Jenkins, SM Ehman, K Barone, S TI Structure-activity comparison of organotin species: dibutyltin is a developmental neurotoxicant in vitro and in vivo SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; nervous system; TUNEL; programmed cell death; neuritogenesis ID DI-NORMAL-OCTYLTINDICHLORIDE; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; RAT-BRAIN; PC12 CELLS; TRIMETHYLTIN; APOPTOSIS; DILAURATE; TOXICITY; RESIDUES; STANNIN AB Human exposure to the organotins can occur due to their use as polyvinyl chloride heat stabilizers and as marine biocides. The consequences of this exposure for human health are unknown. We initially compared the toxicity of monomethyltin, dimethyltin, and dibutyltin to the known neurotoxicant trimethyltin using an in vitro model of neuronal development in PC 12 cells. Dibutyltin, a compound traditionally thought to target the immune system, was the most potent neurotoxicant. Dibutyltin significantly inhibited neurite outgrowth and caused cell death at concentrations approximately 40-fold lower than the lowest toxic concentrations of trimethyltin. Dimethyltin was less potent than trimethyltin and monomethyltin was not toxic at any concentration examined. These results suggested the importance of prioritizing in vivo neurotoxicity testing with dibutyltin. To accomplish this, pregnant rats were dosed orally with low levels of dibutyltin from gestational day 6 through weaning. In response to developmental dibutyltin exposure, the incidence of apoptotic cell death, measured by DNA fragmentation and TUNEL staining, was increased in the neocortex and hippocampus of postnatal day 38 offspring. No effect was observed at other ages examined. (C) 2004 Elsevier RV All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. US EPA, REAG, ESD,OAQPS,Neurotoxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jenkins.scott@epa.gov NR 30 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD JUL 19 PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.03.015 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 841VQ UT WOS:000222960200001 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Sonawane, B AF Ginsberg, G Hattis, D Sonawane, B TI Incorporating pharmacokinetic differences between children and adults in assessing children's risks to environmental toxicants SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE children; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; HUMAN CYTOCHROMES P-450; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; HUMAN-FETAL LIVERS; BLADDER-CANCER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; THEOPHYLLINE METABOLISM; NEWBORN-INFANTS; RAT-LIVER AB Children's risks from environmental toxicant exposure can be affected by pharmacokinetic factors that affect the internal dose of parent chemical or active metabolite. There are numerous physiologic differences between neonates and adults that affect pharmacokinetics including size of lipid, and tissue compartments, organ blood flows, protein binding capacity, and immature function of renal and hepatic systems. These factors combine to decrease the clearance of many therapeutic drugs, which can also be expected to occur with environmental toxicants in neonates. The net effect may be greater or lesser internal dose of active toxicant depending upon how the agent is distributed, metabolized, and eliminated. Child/adult pharmacokinetic differences decrease with increasing postnatal age, but these factors should still be considered in any children's age group, birth through adolescence, for which there is toxicant exposure. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can simulate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics in both children and adults, allowing for a direct comparison of internal dose and risk across age groups. This review provides special focus on the development of hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes (CYPs) in early life and how this information, along with many factors unique to children, can be applied to PBPK models for this receptor population. This review describes a case study involving the development of neonatal PBPK models for the CYP1A2 substrates caffeine and theophylline. These models were calibrated with pharmacokinetic data in neonates and used to help understand key metabolic differences between neonates and adults across these two drugs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Clark Univ, Ctr Technol Environm & Dev, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, G (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Mail Stop 11CHA,POB 340308, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us NR 175 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 2 BP 164 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.010 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 838LD UT WOS:000222713900007 PM 15236952 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Wilkins, AA Berlin, CM AF LaKind, JS Wilkins, AA Berlin, CM TI Environmental chemicals in human milk: a review of levels, infant exposures and health, and guidance for future research SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE human milk; persistent bioaccumulative chemicals; pharmaceuticals; drugs; models; endogenous chemicals; trends; health effects; technical workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research for Environmental Chemicals in the United States ID HUMAN BREAST-MILK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; SWEDISH HUMAN-MILK; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; THYROID-HORMONE STATUS; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; CHLORINATED DIOXINS AB The aim of this review is to introduce the reader to various science and policy aspects of the topic of environmental chemicals in human milk. Although information on environmental chemicals in human milk has been available since the 1950s, it is only relatively recently that public awareness of the issue has grown. This review on environmental chemicals in human milk provides a resource summarizing what is currently known about levels and trends of environmental chemicals in human milk, potential infant exposures, and benefits of breast-feeding relative to the risks of exposures to environmental chemicals. The term "environmental chemicals," as it pertains to human milk, refers to many classes of exogenous chemicals that may be detected in human milk. For example, pharmaceutical agents and alcohol are environmental chemicals that have been found in human milk. Other chemicals, such as heavy metals and volatile organic compounds, have also been detected in human milk. Most research on environmental chemicals in human milk has concentrated on persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals. In this review, a description of human milk is provided, including a brief review of endogenous substances in human milk. Determinants of levels of PBTs are discussed, as are models that have been developed to predict levels of PBTs in human milk and associated body burdens in breast-feeding infants. Methodologies for human milk sampling and analysis, and concepts for consideration in interpretation and communication of study results, as developed by the Technical Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research for Environmental Chemicals in the United States are described. Studies which have compared the health risks and benefits associated with breast-feeding and formula-feeding are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 LaKind Associates, LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. Penn State Univ, Childrens Hosp, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr,Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP LaKind, JS (reprint author), LaKind Associates, LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. EM lakindassoc@worldnet.att.net NR 132 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 2 BP 184 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.021 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 838LD UT WOS:000222713900008 PM 15236953 ER PT J AU Lau, C Butenhoff, JL Rogers, JM AF Lau, C Butenhoff, JL Rogers, JM TI The developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PFOS; PFOA; PFBS; PFDA; developmental toxicity; rodents; review ID NORMAL-DECANOIC ACID; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONIC-ACID; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; N-OCTANOIC ACID; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; FATTY-ACID; RAT-LIVER; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS AB Perfluoroalkyl acids such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have applications in numerous industrial and consumer products. Although the toxicology of some of these compounds has been investigated in the past, the widespread prevalence of PFOS and PFOA in humans, as demonstrated in recent bio-monitoring studies, has drawn considerable interest from the public and regulatory agencies as well as renewed efforts to better understand the hazards that may be inherent in these compounds. This review provides a brief overview of the perfluoroalkyl chemicals and a summary of the available information on the developmental toxicity of the eight-carbon compounds, PFOS and PFOA. Although the teratological potentials of some of these chemicals had been studied in the past and the findings were generally unremarkable, results from recent postnatal studies on developmental and reproductive indices have prompted consideration of their relevance to human health risk. Based on current understanding of the developmental effects of PFOS and PFOA in rodents, several avenues of research are suggested that would further support the risk assessment of these perfluorinated organic chemicals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 118 TC 452 Z9 477 U1 25 U2 169 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.031 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 838LD UT WOS:000222713900010 PM 15236955 ER PT J AU Compton, JE Watrud, LS Porteous, LA DeGrood, S AF Compton, JE Watrud, LS Porteous, LA DeGrood, S TI Response of soil microbial biomass and community composition to chronic nitrogen additions at Harvard forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass; fungi; bacteria; colony-forming units; chloroform fumigation-extraction; substrate utilization; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; nitrite-oxidizing bacteria; nitrogen-fixing bacteria; amoA; NOR; nifH; community DNA profiles ID AMMONIA-OXIDIZING POPULATIONS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NIFH GENE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DIVERSITY; FERTILIZATION; BACTERIA; DEPOSITION; LITTER; DECOMPOSITION AB Soil microbial communities may respond to anthropogenic increase, in ecosystem nitogen (N) availability, and the microbial response may ultimately feed back on ecosystem carbon and N dynamics. We examined the long-term effects of chronic N additions on soil microbes by measuring soil microbial biomass, composition and substrate utilization patterns in pine and hardwood forests at the Harvard Forest Chronic N Amendment Study. Functional and structural genes for important N cycling processes were studied using DNA community profiles. In the 0 horizon soil of both stands, N additions decreased microbial biomass C as determined by chloroform fumigation-extraction. Utilization of N-containing substrates was lower in N-treated pine soils than in the controls, suggesting that N additions reduced potential microbial activity in the pine stand. Counts of fungi and bacteria as determined by direct microscopy and culture techniques did not show a clear response to N additions. Nitrogen additions, however, strongly influenced microbial community DNA profiles. The ammonia monooxygenase gene (am()A) generally was found in high N-treated soils, but not in control soils. The nifH gene for N(2)-fixation was generally found in all soils, but was more difficult to amplify in the pine N-treated soil than the controls, suggesting that the population of N(2)-fixers was altered by N additions. The 16S rDNA gene for Nitrobacter was found in all samples, but distinct differences among DNA profiles were observed in the pine B horizon in the control, low N, and high N-treated plots. Our findings indicate that chronic N additions decreased chloroform microbial carbon and altered microbial community profiles. These changes in microbial community structure may be an important component of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to human-accelerated N supply. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Inst & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Compton, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Inst & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM compton.jana@epa.gov NR 55 TC 104 Z9 164 U1 22 U2 129 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.017 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 837JX UT WOS:000222626900010 ER PT J AU Fernandez, R Lieberman, D Robinson, D AF Fernandez, R Lieberman, D Robinson, D TI US Natural Gas STAR program success points to global opportunities to cut methane emissions cost-effectively SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ICF Consulting Grp Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Fernandez, R (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 26 BP 18 EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 838II UT WOS:000222706500003 ER PT J AU Smith, K Conley, N Hondrogiannis, G Glover, L Green, JF Mamantov, A Pagni, RM AF Smith, K Conley, N Hondrogiannis, G Glover, L Green, JF Mamantov, A Pagni, RM TI Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 2,2-dichloronorbornane to 1-chloronorbornane SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRIDGEHEAD CARBOCATIONS; STABILITY AB The mechanism for the unusual AlCl3-catalyzed rearrangement of 2,2-dichloronorbornane to 1-chloronorbornane in pentane has been elucidated; the reaction, which also yields four isomeric dichloronorbornanes, occurs in three steps: (1) ionization to form the 2-chloro-2-norbornyl cation, which was fully characterized by two-dimensional H-1 and C-13 NMR in SbF5/SO(2)C1F; (2) Wagner-Meerwein shift to yield the 1-chloro-2-norbornyl cation, which was partially characterized by H-1 NMR; and (3) hydride abstraction. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pagni, RM (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rpagni@utk.edu OI Murphy, Nicie Conley/0000-0002-8176-9481 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 14 BP 4843 EP 4844 DI 10.1021/jo030350e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 834ZK UT WOS:000222449200038 PM 15230613 ER PT J AU Cho, E Smith-Warner, SA Spiegelman, D Beeson, WL van den Brandt, PA Colditz, GA Folsom, AR Fraser, GE Freudenheim, JL Giovannucci, E Goldbohm, RA Graham, S Miller, AB Pietinen, P Potter, JD Rohan, TE Terry, P Toniolo, P Virtanen, MJ Willett, WC Wolk, A Wu, K Yaun, SS Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A Hunter, DJ AF Cho, E Smith-Warner, SA Spiegelman, D Beeson, WL van den Brandt, PA Colditz, GA Folsom, AR Fraser, GE Freudenheim, JL Giovannucci, E Goldbohm, RA Graham, S Miller, AB Pietinen, P Potter, JD Rohan, TE Terry, P Toniolo, P Virtanen, MJ Willett, WC Wolk, A Wu, K Yaun, SS Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A Hunter, DJ TI Dairy foods, calcium, and colorectal cancer: A pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COLON-CANCER; VITAMIN-D; DIETARY CALCIUM; BREAST-CANCER; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; SPORADIC ADENOMA; WOMENS HEALTH; OLDER WOMEN AB Background. Studies in animals have suggested that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies of intake of calcium or dairy foods and colorectal cancer risk have been inconclusive. Methods: We pooled the primary data from 10 cohort studies in five countries that assessed usual dietary intake by using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. For most studies, follow-up was extended beyond that in the original publication. The studies included 534 536 individuals, among whom 4992 incident cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed between 6 and 16 years of follow-up. Pooled multivariable relative risks for categories of milk intake and quintiles of calcium intake and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Milk intake was related to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Compared with the lowest category of intake (<70 g/day), relative risks of colorectal cancer for increasing categories (70-174, 175-249, and greater than or equal to250 g/day) of milk intake were 0.94 (95% CI = 0.86 to 1.02), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.96), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.94), respectively (P(trend)<.001). Calcium intake was also inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. The relative risk for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.95; P(trend) = .02) for dietary calcium and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.88; P(trend)<.001) for total calcium (combining dietary and supplemental sources). These results were consistent across studies and sex. The inverse association for milk was limited to cancers of the distal colon (P(trend)<.001) and rectum (P(trend) = .02). Conclusion: Higher consumption of milk and calcium is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sch Med, Loma Linda, CA USA. Maastricht Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Maastricht, Netherlands. Harvard Ctr Canc Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY USA. TNO, Nutr & Food Res Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Zeist, Netherlands. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Helsinki, Finland. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Res Program, Seattle, WA USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NYU, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med & Kaplan Canc Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Cho, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM eunyoung.cho@channing.harvard.edu RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009; OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291; Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55075, CA78548] NR 60 TC 265 Z9 281 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 13 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1093/jnci/djh185 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 835QO UT WOS:000222500800012 PM 15240785 ER PT J AU Stiber, NA Pantazidou, M Small, MJ AF Stiber, NA Pantazidou, M Small, MJ TI Embedding expert knowledge in a decision model: evaluating natural attenuation at TCE sites SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics CY AUG, 2002 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE environmental decision making; expert knowledge decision models; remedial technology screening tools; TCE site remediation; TCE biotransformation AB This paper describes a generalized methodology that enables the translation of expert knowledge about any complex process involved in a remedial decision into easy-to-use decision tools. The methodology is applied to evaluate reductive dechlorination as a remedial possibility at sites contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE), building on an existing protocol/scoring system put forth by the US Air Force and the US EPA. An alternate scoring system is proposed, which has two major advantages, namely that it: (i) attributes relative weights to findings based on expert beliefs; and (ii) systematically includes negative weights for negative findings. The ability of the proposed scoring system to assess the bioattenuation potential of TCE is demonstrated using data from extensively studied sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, Fac Civil Engn, Zografos 15780, Greece. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Pantazidou, M (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Fac Civil Engn, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografos 15780, Greece. EM mpanta@central.ntua.gr NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.048 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833DC UT WOS:000222315600016 PM 15177736 ER EF