FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chang, W Small, DA Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Chang, W Small, DA Toghrol, F Bentley, WE TI Microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of peracetic acid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COFACTORED SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FERRIC UPTAKE REGULATOR; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUR MUTANTS; WASTE-WATER; DNA-DAMAGE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTECTIVE ROLE; RESISTANCE AB Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection (HAI) represents a serious threat to public health, both in terms of human casualty and in terms of economic impact. On an annual basis, 2 million individuals require prolonged hospitalization, and an estimated 90 000 patients die due to HAI. Economic damages are reported to exceed $4.5 billion, annually. While many disinfectants, including peracetic acid, have been employed to eradicate infectious bacteria, a lack of understanding their mode of action and the corresponding defense mechanisms hinders successful antimicrobial application. We report here the first transcriptome analysis of the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen infecting those with cystic fibrosis, upon 20 min exposure to a sublethal concentration (1 mM) of peracetic acid. As a result, we identified that 570 out of a total of 5570 P, aeruginosa genes showed statistically significant transcript level changes. Our findings indicate that (i) many genes associated with cellular protective processes were induced, (ii) the transcription of genes involved in primary metabolic pathways was repressed, and (iii) the transcription of genes encoding membrane proteins and small molecule transporters was altered. We also observed that genes within operons were highly cotranscribed in this study. Finally, this global transcriptional profile can help identify signature genes that are also activated with other oxidative disinfectants, which may be used to design new more effective treatments or more efficaciously apply existing compounds. C1 US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5893 EP 5899 DI 10.1021/es0503534 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800062 PM 16124331 ER PT J AU Beckvar, N Dillon, TM Read, LB AF Beckvar, N Dillon, TM Read, LB TI Approaches for linking whole-body fish tissue residues of mercury or DDT to biological effects thresholds SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; DDT; residue effects; critical body burden; threshold effects ID SPECIES-SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; NOEC TOXICITY DATA; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MATERNAL TRANSFER; EGGS AB A variety of methods have been used by numerous investigators attempting to link tissue concentrations with observed adverse biological effects. This paper is the first to evaluate in a systematic way different approaches for deriving protective (i.e., unlikely to have adverse effects) tissue residue-effect concentrations in fish using the same datasets. Guidelines for screening papers and a set of decision rules were formulated to provide guidance on selecting studies and obtaining data in a consistent manner. Paired no-effect (NER) and low-effect (LER) whole-body residue concentrations in fish were identified for mercury and DDT from the published literature. Four analytical approaches of increasing complexity were evaluated for deriving protective tissue residues. The four methods were: Simple ranking, empirical percentile, tissue threshold-effect level (t-TEL), and cumulative distribution function (CDF). The CDF approach did not yield reasonable tissue residue thresholds based on comparisons to synoptic control concentrations. Of the four methods evaluated, the t-TEL approach best represented the underlying data. A whole-body mercury t-TEL of 0.2 mg/kg wet weight, based largely on sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction, development, behavior), was calculated to be protective of juvenile and adult fish. For DDT, protective whole-body concentrations of 0.6 mg/kg wet weight in juvenile and adult fish, and 0.7 mg/kg wet weight for early life-stage fish were calculated. However, these DDT concentrations are considered provisional for reasons discussed in this paper (e.g., paucity of sublethal studies). C1 NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US EPA, NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. TerraStat, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Beckvar, N (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nancy.beckvar@noaa.gov NR 67 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 36 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2094 EP 2105 DI 10.1897/04-284R.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 950QX UT WOS:000230873400033 PM 16152984 ER PT J AU Sigleo, AC Mordy, CW Stabeno, P Frick, WE AF Sigleo, AC Mordy, CW Stabeno, P Frick, WE TI Nitrate variability along the Oregon coast: Estuarine-coastal exchange SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrate; coastal upwelling; tidal plume; Yaquina Bay; NE Pacific Ocean ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; CAPE BLANCO; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; CADMIUM; PROGRAM; BAY AB Coastal upwelling along the Eastern Pacific provides a major source of nutrients to nearby bays and estuaries during the summer months. To quantify the coastal ocean nitrogen input to Yaquina Bay, Oregon, nitrate concentrations were measured hourly from a moored sensor during summer upwelling in August 2000 outside the jetties to the estuary. Nitrate concentrations associated with coastal upwelling were generally high (up to 34 mu mol 1(-1)). The high-temporal resolution of the nitrate data clearly showed variations with a period of similar to 12 h. The nitrate variations were tightly coupled with temperature variations, with warmer water corresponding to lower nitrate values (5-20 mu mol 1(-1)). Discretely-collected samples defined the estuarine conditions during the same period. The estuarine samples also varied from 5 to 20 mu mol 1(-1) dissolved nitrate, suggesting that the lower nitrate values were associated with water ebbing from Yaquina estuary. Model calculations, used to estimate the amount of nitrate received by the estuary, indicate that the flux of nitrate into the bay averaged 12,900 kg day(-1) during upwelling. The water chemistry at the nitrate sensor was a complex product of tidal forcing, wind-induced currents and biological utilization of nutrients. A discharge model was used to examine the ebbing tide entrainment hypothesis when ocean currents were steady. Where ocean currents change rapidly in a few hours, the plume trajectories, however, will meander horizontally, fractionate or become patchy. The model analysis supports the tidal Yaquina Bay outflow premise as a cause for nitrate and water property variations near the Yaquina Bay entrance jetties. High-temporal resolution nitrate analyses indicate that near shore coastal waters were influenced by nearby estuarine outflow as well as by coastal upwelling. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US EPA, Environm Effects Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sigleo, AC (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM sigleo.anne@epa.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 64 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.018 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 950QV UT WOS:000230873200007 ER PT J AU Pawel, DJ AF Pawel, DJ TI Can confounding by smoking explain the ecologic correlation between lung cancer and radon? SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE; RISK C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pawel, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1097/00004032-200508000-00010 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 946OV UT WOS:000230582700010 PM 16010131 ER PT J AU Reynolds, SK Benke, AC AF Reynolds, SK Benke, AC TI Temperature-dependent growth rates of larval midges (Diptera : Chironomidae) from a southeastern US stream SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE growth rates; Chironomidae; lotic ID SONORAN DESERT STREAM; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; BLACKWATER RIVER; AQUATIC INSECTS; RAPID GROWTH; WATER; BIOMASS; LIFE AB Daily instantaneous growth curves were calculated for larvae within the dipteran family Chironomidae at the tribe (Chironomini and Tanytarsini), subfamily (Chironominae and Orthocladinae), and family levels within along a temperature gradient (15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C) from egg masses isolated and cultured from gravid adult females. Individual genera were separated and 50 larvae per genus were grown in Petri dishes and in recirculating microcosms, 25 larvae per temperature/container treatment. Growth rates were not significantly different between the Petri dish and microcosm treatments. This overall similarity allowed data from both treatments to be grouped by genus and regressed against temperature to develop growth rate curves for application in secondary production analyses. Growth rates were a function of temperature at all taxonomic levels and fit 2nd-order polynomials with maximum growth rates (0.21-0.26 d(-1)) occurring near 20 degrees C. Growth rates found in this experiment were equal to or slightly higher than those previously found in similar streams. The similarity of growth rates of genera within the Chironomidae representing 3 different subfamilies suggests that higher taxonomic-level growth rate regressions could potentially be used to simplify the estimation of larval chironomid secondary production. Further, the similarity between growth rates observed from the Petri dishes and those in the recirculating streams suggests that only relatively simple experimental conditions are necessary. The shapes of the curves suggest that chironomid communities differing in relative abundance of dominant taxa (i.e., Chironomini vs. Tanytarsini) could have significantly different growth rates, and consequently secondary production, depending on stream temperature/season. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Aquat Biol Program, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Reynolds, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, 919 Ker Res Dr,POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM calopsectra@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 544 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-8334-x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NX UT WOS:000231958500008 ER PT J AU Craun, GF Calderon, RL Craun, MF AF Craun, GF Calderon, RL Craun, MF TI Outbreaks associated with recreational water in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE waterborne disease; waterborne pathogens; swimming and bathing; water quality ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM AB In this article, we review the causes of outbreaks associated with recreational water during 1971 - 2000. A bacterial or protozoan etiology was identified in three-quarters of the outbreaks; 23% of the outbreaks were of undetermined etiology. The most frequently identified agents were Cryptosporidium (15%), Pseudomonas (14%), Shigella (13%), Naegleria (11%), Giardia (6%), and toxigenic E. coli ( 6%). Outbreaks attributed to Shigella, E. coli O157: H7, and Naegleria were primarily associated with swimming in fresh waters such as lakes, ponds, and rivers. In contrast, outbreaks caused by Cryptosporidium and Giardia were primarily associated with treated water in swimming and wading pools. Important sources of contamination for both treated and untreated recreational waters were the bathers themselves. Contamination from sewage discharges and wild or domestic animals were also important sources for untreated waters. Contributing factors in swimming-pool outbreaks were inadequate attention to maintenance, operation, disinfection, and filtration. Although not all waterborne outbreaks are recognized nor reported, the national surveillance of these outbreaks has helped identify important sources of contamination of recreational waters and the etiologic agents. This information can affect prevention recommendations and research priorities that may lead to improved water quality guidelines. C1 Gunther F Craun & Associates, Staunton, VA 24401 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Craun, GF (reprint author), Gunther F Craun & Associates, 101 W Frederick St,Suite 205, Staunton, VA 24401 USA. EM gfcraun@verizon.net NR 45 TC 102 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 243 EP 262 DI 10.1080/09603120500155716 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 942SP UT WOS:000230303000001 PM 16175741 ER PT J AU Dudi, A Schock, M Murray, N Edwards, M AF Dudi, A Schock, M Murray, N Edwards, M TI Lead leaching from inline brass devices: A critical evaluation of the existing standard SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BY-PRODUCT RELEASE; CORROSION CONTROL; DRINKING-WATER; SOLUBILITY; CARBONATE; PH AB The American National Standards Institute/NSF Standard 61, Section 8, is intended to protect the public from inline brass plumbing products that might leach excessive levels of lead to potable water. Experiments were conducted to examine the practical rigor of this test. Contrary to expectations, the test was not highly protective of public health. In fact, results indicated that small devices made of pure lead-which pose an obvious public hazard-can easily pass the leaching protocol. Reforms are needed to help prevent such unacceptable outcomes in the future. Brass devices passing the test can contribute to lead levels at the tap in residences, schools, and other buildings. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 407 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM edwardsm@vt.edu RI Edwards, Marc/J-3557-2012 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 8 BP 66 EP 78 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 955GN UT WOS:000231213800019 ER PT J AU Chikova, AK Schaaper, RM AF Chikova, AK Schaaper, RM TI The bacteriophage P1 hot gene product can substitute for the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III theta subunit SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSILON-SUBUNIT; MISMATCH REPAIR; GENOME SEQUENCE; PROCESSIVE REPLICATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; MUTATOR MUTD5; HOLOENZYME; PURIFICATION; EXONUCLEASE AB The 0 subunit (holE gene product) of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase (Pol) III holoenzyme is a tightly bound component of the polymerase core. Within the core (alpha-epsilon-theta), the alpha, and epsilon subunits carry the DNA polymerase and 3' proofreading functions, respectively, while the precise function of theta is unclear. holE homologs are present in genomes of other enterobacteriae, suggestive of a conserved function. Putative homologs have also been found in the genomes of bacteriophage P1 and of certain conjugative plasmids. The presence of these homologs is of interest, because these genomes are fully dependent on the host replication machinery and contribute few, if any, replication factors themselves. To study the role of these theta homologs, we have constructed an E. coli strain in which holE is replaced by the P1 homolog, hot. We show that hot is capable of substituting for holE when it is assayed for its antimutagenic action on the proofreading-impaired dnaQ49 mutator, which carries a temperature-sensitive F subunit. The ability of hot to substitute for holE was also observed with other, although not all, dnaQ mutator alleles tested. The data suggest that the P1 hot gene product can substitute for the theta subunit and is likely incorporated in the Pol III complex. We also show that overexpression of either theta or Hot further suppresses the dnaQ49 mutator phenotype. This suggests that the complexing of dnaQ49-epsilon with theta is rate limiting for its ability to proofread DNA replication errors. The possible role of hot for bacteriophage P1 is discussed. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. RP Schaaper, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schaaper@niehs.nih.gov NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 187 IS 16 BP 5528 EP 5536 DI 10.1128/JB.187.16.5528-5536.2005 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 952SQ UT WOS:000231026200003 PM 16077097 ER PT J AU Christman, MC Culver, DC Madden, MK White, D AF Christman, MC Culver, DC Madden, MK White, D TI Patterns of endemism of the eastern North American cave fauna SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Caves; disjunction; dispersal; endemism; karst; localized endemics; spatial statistics; troglobionts; USA ID BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY AB Aim Over 250 species of obligate terrestrial cave-dwelling animals (troglobionts) are known from single caves in the eastern United States. We investigate their geographical distribution, especially in relation to other troglobionts. We relate these patterns to taxonomic group, opportunities for dispersal and geographical location. Location Caves of the United States east of the Mississippi River. Methods We associated over 3000 records of more than 450 troglobiotic species and subspecies with hexagons of 1000, 5000 and 10,000 km(2) in size. We calculated Moran's I, black-white joins and cubic regression of endemics on non-endemics at all three spatial scales. For 5000 km(2) hexagons, we modelled the spatial autocorrelation of the residuals of the cubic regression of endemics on non-endemics. Results Differences among orders in percentage single-cave endemism were not significant, except for Pseudoscorpionida, which was higher (69%) than any other order. At all three scales, Moran's I and black-white joins were significant, indicating a clumped distribution of both single-cave endemics and other troglobionts. Spatial patterns were similar at all three scales and Moran's I was highest at 5000 km(2). The cubic fit of endemics to non-endemics was consistently better, with less systematic error or residuals, than were linear or quadratic models. Residuals showed a significant geographical pattern with excess endemics in more southerly locations. Main conclusions There was both a non-spatial and spatial component to the pattern of single-cave endemism. The non-spatial component was the association of high levels of single-cave endemism with areas of high diversity of non-endemics. It may be that both are high because of high secondary productivity. Spatially, single-cave endemism is high in central rather than peripheral areas and in the southern part of the range. It is not higher in areas of more dissected limestone, which would reduce migration rates; if anything endemism is lower. Regional spatial effects are important, indicating that cave communities cannot be understood (or protected) in isolation. C1 American Univ, Dept Biol, Environm Studies Program, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Culver, DC (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Biol, Environm Studies Program, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dculver@american.edu NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1441 EP 1452 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01263.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 948OX UT WOS:000230726700013 ER PT J AU Yuan, LL AF Yuan, LL TI Sources of bias in weighted average inferences of environmental conditions SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias; environmental inference; macroinvertebrates; stream temperature; weighted averaging ID DIATOMS; CALIBRATION; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; REGRESSION; MODEL; PH AB Weighted averaging is widely used for inferring environmental conditions from an observed species assemblage. However, weighted average inferences are known to be systematically biased, and linear corrections (i.e., deshrinking functions) are commonly applied to adjust for this bias. In this analysis, the magnitude of the biases in weighted average inferences (and therefore the values of the deshrinking coefficients) are shown to depend upon the range of conditions sampled in the calibration data set and the true optima and niche breadths of the species observed in the calibration data set. Since the range of conditions and the observed species can differ between the calibration data set and the new data set for which environmental conditions are inferred, the coefficients for the deshrinking function derived using the calibration data may not be applicable to inferences computed using a new data set. Thus, environmental inferences may still exhibit systematic errors even after application of the linear correction. The findings from the theoretical analysis are demonstrated using stream temperature and macroinvertebrate data collected from wadeable streams in the western United States. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW 8623-N, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM yuan.lester@epa.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s10933-005-3045-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 938AR UT WOS:000229972800008 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Sarin, P Snoeyink, VL AF Lytle, DA Sarin, P Snoeyink, VL TI The effect of chloride and orthophosphate on the release of iron from a cast iron pipe section SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE iron; chloride; red water; orthophosphate ID TIDAL FRESH-WATER; PHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS; STAINLESS-STEEL; CORROSION; PRECIPITATION; OXYGENATION; ION; DISSOLUTION; SUSPENSIONS; PROTECTION AB "Colored water" resulting from suspended iron particles is a common drinking water consumer complaint which is largely impacted by water chemistry A bench scale study performed on a 90-year-old corroded cast-iron pipe section removed from a drinking water distribution system, was used to evaluate the effects of orthophosphate and chloride on iron release color and turbidity., Experiments showed that an increase in chloride concentration of 100mg/L significantly increased the concentration of iron released from the pipe section while the presence of orthophosphate at 3 mg/L decreased iron release. Chloride increased and orthophosphate decreased the water color and turbidity caused by the release of iron, but there was not a linear relationship with respect to the concentration of iron released. The control of chloride and orthophosphate concentrations is important in controlling the problem of colored water. C1 US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 267 EP 281 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 960II UT WOS:000231583400001 ER PT J AU McDaniels, AE Talley, RA Wymer, LJ AF McDaniels, AE Talley, RA Wymer, LJ TI Comparison of rapid methods to evaluate chlorine inactivation of the biological agent E-coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE ChemChrome V6; CTC; E. coli O157 : H7; fluorescent; viability ID BACTERIAL VIABILITY; RESPIRING BACTERIA; DIRECT ENUMERATION; WATER; CTC AB Rapid viability tests of the Category B agent Escherichia coli 01157:H7 were evaluated after disinfection with chlorine. The metabolic activity dyes ChemChrome V6, a modified fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) were compared to standard plate counts. ChemChrome V6 results were obtained using a solid phase cytometer and CTC results by microscopic analysis. The water-borne bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium were also tested as positive and negative controls. Under the conditions tested, CTC provided more consistency with plate count estimates of viability than did ChemChrome V6. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP McDaniels, AE (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W MLK Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rncdaniels.audrey@epa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 960II UT WOS:000231583400004 ER PT J AU Wintermyer, M Skaidas, A Roy, A Yang, YC Georgapoulos, P Burger, J Cooper, K AF Wintermyer, M Skaidas, A Roy, A Yang, YC Georgapoulos, P Burger, J Cooper, K TI The development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model using the distribution of 2 317 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the tissues of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; PBPK model; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; bioaccumulation ID HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; BINDING-PROTEINS; NEWARK BAY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; TOXICITY; SEDIMENTS; FISH; IDENTIFICATION AB A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) was developed to describe the kinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). The estimated t(1/2) of elimination for a bolus dose of TCDD in C. virginica is approximate to 14-24 days based on both the experimental data and the PBPK model. The highest dioxin concentration reached during 28-days was in the digestive gland followed by the mantle, gonad, hemolymph, gill, adductor muscle, and the kidney/heart. A binding protein for 2,3,7,8-TCDD had been reported in the literature for both the digestive gland and gonad. Incorporating a binding component in the model resulted in a better fit for the data. The PBPK model predicted the distribution and the elimination concentrations for 2,3,7,8-TCDD within each of the tissue compartments. This model will serve as a useful tool for predicting the kinetics of other persistent organic pollutants as well as, allow for a more refined ecological risk assessment by estimating dioxin concentrations in sensitive tissues such as the gonad. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Wintermyer, M (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM takacs.margy@epa.gov; cooper@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 133 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.08.004 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 930LL UT WOS:000229417300001 PM 15757746 ER PT J AU Cash, GG Anderson, B Mayo, K Bogaczyk, S Tunkel, J AF Cash, GG Anderson, B Mayo, K Bogaczyk, S Tunkel, J TI Predicting genotoxicity of aromatic and heteroaromatic amines using electrotopological state indices SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE aromatic amines; quantitative structure-activity relationships; QSAR; electrotopological state index; E-state ID ALKYL SUBSTITUENTS; MUTAGENICITY; TRANSFORMATION; INFORMATION; CHEMICALS; RULES AB A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model relating electrotopological state (E-state) indices and mutagenic potency was previously described by Cash [Mutat. Res. 491 (2001) 31-37] using a data set of 95 aromatic amines published by Debnath et al. [Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 19 (1992) 37-52]. Mutagenic potency was expressed as the number of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 revertants per nmol (LogR). Earlier work on the development of QSARs for the prediction of genotoxicity indicated that numerous methods could be effectively employed to model the same aromatic amines data set, namely, Debnath et al.; Maran et al. [Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. 18 (1999) 3-10]; Basak et al. [J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 41 (2001) 671-678]; Gramatica et al. [SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 14 (2003) 237-250]. However, results obtained from external validations of those models revealed that the effective predictivity of the QSARs was well below the potential indicated by internal validation statistics (Debnath et al., Gramatica et al.). The purpose of the current research is to externally validate the model published by Cash using a data set of 29 aromatic amines reported by Glende et al. [Mutat. Res. 498 (2001) 19-37; Mutat. Res. 515 (2002) 15-38] and to further explore the potential utility of using E-state sums for the prediction of mutagenic potency of aromatic amines. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. Syracuse Res Corp, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, 7403M,1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cash.gordon@epa.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 585 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.05.001 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 951SV UT WOS:000230952100019 PM 15961341 ER PT J AU Chave, J Andalo, C Brown, S Cairns, MA Chambers, JQ Eamus, D Folster, H Fromard, F Higuchi, N Kira, T Lescure, JP Nelson, BW Ogawa, H Puig, H Riera, B Yamakura, T AF Chave, J Andalo, C Brown, S Cairns, MA Chambers, JQ Eamus, D Folster, H Fromard, F Higuchi, N Kira, T Lescure, JP Nelson, BW Ogawa, H Puig, H Riera, B Yamakura, T TI Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biomass; carbon; plant allometry; tropical forest ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; RAIN-FOREST; WEIGHTED REGRESSION; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; CENTRAL AMAZON; WOODY BIOMASS; SIZE; STANDS; MODEL AB Tropical forests hold large stores of carbon, yet uncertainty remains regarding their quantitative contribution to the global carbon cycle. One approach to quantifying carbon biomass stores consists in inferring changes from long-term forest inventory plots. Regression models are used to convert inventory data into an estimate of aboveground biomass (AGB). We provide a critical reassessment of the quality and the robustness of these models across tropical forest types, using a large dataset of 2,410 trees ! 5 cm. diameter, directly harvested in 27 study sites across the tropics. Proportional relationships between aboveground biomass and the product of wood density, trunk cross-sectional area, and total height are constructed. We also develop a regression model involving wood density and stem diameter only. Our models were tested for secondary and old-growth forests, for dry, moist and wet forests, for lowland and montane forests, and for mangrove forests. The most important predictors of AGB of a tree were, in decreasing order of importance, its trunk diameter, wood specific gravity, total height, and forest type (dry, moist, or wet). Overestimates prevailed, giving a bias of 0.5-6.5% when errors were averaged across all stands. Our regression models can be used reliably to predict aboveground tree biomass across a broad range of tropical forests. Because they are based on an unprecedented dataset, these models should improve the quality of tropical biomass estimates, and bring consensus about the contribution of the tropical forest biome and tropical deforestation to the global carbon cycle. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Ecosyst Serv Unit, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Technol, Inst Water & Environm Resource Management, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Gottingen, Inst Bodenkunde & Waldernahrung, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. CNRS, UPS, Lab Dynam Biodivers, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Inst Nacl Pequisas Amazonia, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. ILEC Fdn, Kusatsu, Shiga 5250001, Japan. IRD, F-45072 Orleans, France. Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Plant Ecol Lab, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. CNRS, MNHN, URA 1183, Lab Ecol Gen, F-91800 Brunoy, France. RP Chave, J (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, Batiment IVR3,118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM chave@cict.fr RI Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014 OI Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847 NR 56 TC 881 Z9 926 U1 46 U2 382 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963CC UT WOS:000231779500009 PM 15971085 ER PT J AU Malmstrom, CM McCullough, AJ Johnson, HA Newton, LA Borer, ET AF Malmstrom, CM McCullough, AJ Johnson, HA Newton, LA Borer, ET TI Invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in California native perennial bunchgrasses SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE invasive species; aphids; barley yellow dwarf virus; apparent competition; Avena ID BARLEY YELLOW DWARF; WHEAT APHID HOMOPTERA; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; MEDIATED APPARENT COMPETITION; CHERRY-OAT APHID; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SITOBION-AVENAE; PEST STATUS; RESISTANCE; HEMIPTERA AB In California valley grasslands, Avenafatua L. and other exotic annual grasses have largely displaced native perennial bunchgrasses such as Elymus glaucus Buckley and Nassella pulchra (A. Hitchc.) Barkworth. The invasion success and continued dominance of the exotics has been generally attributed to changes in disturbance regimes and the outcome of direct competition between species. Here, we report that exotic grasses can also indirectly increase disease incidence in nearby native grasses. We found that the presence of A. fatua more than doubled incidence of infection by barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs) in E. glaucus. Because B/CYDV infection can stunt E. glaucus and other native bunchgrasses, the indirect effects of A. fatua on virus incidence in natives suggests that apparent competition may be an additional mechanism influencing interactions among exotic and native grasses in California. A. fatua's influence on virus incidence is likely mediated by its effects on populations of aphids that vector B/CYDVs. In our study, aphids consistently preferred exotic annuals as hosts and experienced higher fecundity on them, suggesting that the exotics can attract and amplify vector populations. To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first demonstration that exotic plants can indirectly influence virus incidence in natives. We suggest that invasion success may be influenced by the capacity of exotic plant species to increase the pathogen loads of native species with which they compete. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US EPA, Registrat Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Malmstrom, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM carolynm@msu.edu OI Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853 NR 72 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0099-z PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963CC UT WOS:000231779500015 PM 15875144 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Newsome, SD Gregg, JW AF Phillips, DL Newsome, SD Gregg, JW TI Combining sources in stable isotope mixing models: alternative methods SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; mixing model ID NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ECOLOGY; SALMON; CARBON; DIETS; BEARS; FISH AB Stable isotope mixing models are often used to quantify source contributions to a mixture. Examples include pollution source identification; trophic web studies; analysis of water sources for soils, plants; or water bodies, and many others. A common problem is having too many sources to allow a unique solution. We discuss two alternative procedures for addressing this problem. One option is a priori to combine sources with similar signatures so the number of sources is small enough to provide a unique solution. Aggregation should be considered only when isotopic signatures of clustered sources are not significantly different, and sources are related so the combined source group has some functional significance. For example, in a food web analysis, lumping several species within a trophic guild allows more interpretable results than lumping disparate food sources, even if they have similar isotopic signatures. One result of combining mixing model sources is increased uncertainty of the combined end-member isotopic signatures and consequently the source contribution estimates; this effect can be quantified using the IsoError model (http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/models/isotopes/isoerror1_04.htm). As an alternative to lumping sources before a mixing analysis, the IsoSource mixing model (http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/models/ isosource/isosource.htm) can be used to find all feasible solutions of source contributions consistent with isotopic mass balance. While ranges of feasible contributions for each individual source can often be quite broad, contributions from functionally related groups of sources can be summed a posteriori, producing a range of solutions for the aggregate source that may be considerably narrower. A paleohuman dietary analysis example illustrates this method, which involves a terrestrial meat food source, a combination of three terrestrial plant foods, and a combination of three marine foods. In this case, a posteriori aggregation of sources allowed strong conclusions about temporal shifts in marine versus terrestrial diets that would not have otherwise been discerned. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. US EPA, Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Phillips.Donald@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 25 TC 323 Z9 355 U1 21 U2 183 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 144 IS 4 BP 520 EP 527 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1816-8 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959SG UT WOS:000231539000002 PM 15711995 ER PT J AU Parsons, JL Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM AF Parsons, JL Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM TI Neonatal growth and survival of rodents in response to variation in maternal dietary nitrogen: life history strategy vs dietary niche SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID RATS SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; COTTON RATS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; REPRODUCTION; FOOD; REQUIREMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; PRAIRIE AB Nitrogen (N) enrichment of terrestrial ecosystems dramatically changes ecosystem diversity and structure of plant communities. Research designed to elucidate effects of nitrogen addition on mammalian assemblages is rare. We investigated nitrogen requirements of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and fulvous harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens), small mammals native to the tallgrass prairie of the southern Great Plains, USA, to better understand population responses of these species to nitrogen enrichment. We studied reproductive requirements by measuring growth of offspring under varying levels of dietary nitrogen. We predicted that dietary niche would dictate nitrogen requirements, such that the larger herbivore (S. hispidus) would have a lower dietary need for nitrogen per unit mass than the small omnivore/granivore (R. fulvescens). Reproductive output (measured as mass gain of litters and offspring) was responsive to varying nitrogen in cotton rats but not in harvest mice. Nitrogen intake that supported 50% survival of juvenile harvest mice (1.34% dietary nitrogen) also was adequate for maximum growth (1.29%). Cotton rats potentially drew on maternal nutrient stores to support litter growth at low levels of dietary nitrogen (as low as 1.08%). Overall, nitrogen requirements for maximum reproduction were greater (2.31% dietary nitrogen) for cotton rats. We conclude that life history characteristics and body size constraints rather than dietary niche explain the differential species response to variation in dietary nitrogen. Our results imply that nitrogen enrichment in old-field succession in the southern Great Plains may lead to dominance by cotton rats and a reduction in diversity of the small-mammal assemblage. Consumers with similar abilities to take advantage of increased environmental nitrogen may likewise dominate other ecosystems. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Parsons, JL (reprint author), Memphis Zoo, Conservat & Res Dept, 2000 Prentiss Pl, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM jlp418@msstate.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13610.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925VL UT WOS:000229081300009 ER PT J AU Sayre, P Seidler, RJ AF Sayre, P Seidler, RJ TI Application of GMOs in the US: EPA research & regulatory considerations related to soil systems SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Burkholderia cepacia; genetically modified organism (GMO); regulation of GMOs; risk assessment; transgenes; transgenic crops ID GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS; THURINGIENSIS SUBSP KURSTAKI; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; TRANSGENIC PLANT DNA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BT CORN; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; INSECTICIDAL TOXIN; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN AB \During the last 20 years recombinant biotechnology has resulted in the development of organisms with unique genetic compositions, some of which are for intentional release to the environment. While concerns have been raised that such organisms may be capable of inducing transient unintended environmental effects, longer-term perturbations to soil processes and non-target species effects have yet to be demonstrated. In parallel with the growth of the commercial biotechnology industry has come a significant growth in regulatory review processes intended to evaluate the risks of these GMO products. Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), certain new microbial products that undergo pre-manufacture review are examined for human and environmental risks using data and other information received in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) "Points to Consider" guidance document. In the risk assessment process, carried out under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) authorities, EPA evaluates both microbial pesticide products and plants with pesticidal properties to determine if Federal safety standards are met. For all pesticide products, including genetically engineered pesticides, EPA receives testing of product composition and chemical properties, human health effects, environmental effects on non-target pests, and the fate of the pesticide in the environment. The EPA's Office of Research and Development supports risk assessment research related to such GMO products. This paper focuses on relevant EPA research and regulatory examples related to soil effects considerations for GMOs. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Seidler, RJ (reprint author), 18600 Plainview Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM rayseidler@msn.com NR 71 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2005 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-6652-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 985MJ UT WOS:000233381600008 ER PT J AU Batra, VK Beard, WA Shock, DD Pedersen, LC Wilson, SH AF Batra, VK Beard, WA Shock, DD Pedersen, LC Wilson, SH TI Nucleotide-induced DNA polymerase active site motions accommodating a mutagenic DNA intermediate SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; INDUCED-FIT MECHANISM; CENTER-DOT-T; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; HIGH-FIDELITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; LARGE FRAGMENT; ERROR-PRONE; BETA; REPLICATION AB DNA polymerases occasionally insert the wrong nucleotide. For this error to become a mutation, the mispair must be extended. We report a structure of DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) with a DNA mismatch at the boundary of the polymerase active site. The structure of this complex indicates that the templating adenine of the mispair stacks with the primer terminus adenine while the templating (coding) cytosine is flipped out of the DNA helix. Soaking the crystals of the binary complex with dGTP resulted in crystals of a ternary substrate complex. In this case, the templating cytosine is observed within the DNA helix and forms Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds with the incoming dGTP. The adenine at the primer terminus has rotated into a syn-conformation to interact with the opposite adenine in a planar configuration. Yet, the X-hydroxyl on the primer terminus is out of position for efficient nucleotide insertion. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilson, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilson5@niehs.nih.gov NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD AUG PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.str.2005.05.010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 959MW UT WOS:000231523000017 PM 16084394 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Jensen, KM Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Butterworth, BC Kahl, MD Villeneuve, DL Linnum, A Gray, LE Cardon, M Wilson, VS AF Ankley, GT Jensen, KM Durhan, EJ Makynen, EA Butterworth, BC Kahl, MD Villeneuve, DL Linnum, A Gray, LE Cardon, M Wilson, VS TI Effects of two fungicides with multiple modes of action on reproductive endocrine function in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fathead minnow; prochloraz; fenarimol; reproductive toxicity ID ACTIVITY IN-VITRO; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; AROMATASE; PESTICIDES; EXPRESSION; FISH; INHIBITION; ASSAY; MASCULINIZATION; AROMATIZATION AB Many chemicals that adversely affect reproduction and/or development do so through multiple pathways within the reproductive tract and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Notable in this regard are fungicides, such as prochloraz or fenarimol, which in mammals have the potential to impact endocrine function through inhibition of CYP enzymes involved in steroid metabolism, as well as through antagonism of the androgen receptor(s). The objective of our studies was to assess the effects of prochloraz and fenarimol on reproductive endocrine function in a model small fish species, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The two fungicides inhibited in vitro CYP19 aromatase activity in brain and ovarian homogenates from the fish, with prochloraz exhibiting a greater potency than fenarimol. Prochloraz and fenarimol also bound competitively to the cloned fathead minnow androgen receptor expressed in COS-1 cells. The two fungicides significantly reduced fecundity of the fish in a 21-day reproduction assay at water concentrations of 0.1 (prochloraz) and 1.0 (fenarimol) mg/l. The in vivo effects of prochloraz on plasma steroid (17 beta-estradiol, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone) and vitellogenin (an estrogen-responsive protein) concentrations, as well as on gonadal histopathology, were consistent with inhibition of steroidogenesis. Fenarimol also affected several aspects of endocrine function in vivo; however, the suite of observed effects did not reflect either aromatase inhibition or androgen receptor antagonism. These studies contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of the extrapolation of effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals across vertebrate classes. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 40 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi202 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 943HW UT WOS:000230345100012 PM 15901916 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Kelly, ME Samsam, TE Goodman, JH AF Gilbert, ME Kelly, ME Samsam, TE Goodman, JH TI Chronic developmental lead exposure reduces neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus but does not impair spatial learning SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dentate gyrus; adult neurogenesis; lead; Pb; in vivo, hippocampus; rat; neurotoxicity; learning and memory; spatial learning; Morris water maze ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GYRUS IN-VIVO; GRANULE CELL NEUROGENESIS; DENTATE GYRUS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; GABA RELEASE; NEURONS; EXPRESSION AB The dentate granule cell (DG) layer of the hippocampal formation has the distinctive property of ongoing neurogenesis that continues throughout adult life. Although the function of these newly generated neurons and the mechanisms that control their birth are unknown, age, activity, diet and psychosocial stress have all been demonstrated to regulate this type of neurogenesis. Little information on the impact of environmental insults on this process has appeared to date. Developmental lead (Pb) exposure has been well documented to impair cognitive function in children and animals and reduce activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of rodents. Therefore, we examined the effects of this classic environmental neurotoxicant on hippocampal-dependent learning and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Pregnant rats were exposed to a low level of Pb-acetate (0.2%) via the drinking water from late gestation (GD 16) until weaning on postnatal day 21 (PN 21). At weaning, half of the Pb-exposed animals were weaned to control drinking water and the remainder were maintained on Pb water until termination of the study. Animals were paired- housed and on PN 75 were administered a series of injections of a thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of DNA synthesis that labels proliferating cells and their progeny. At 12-h intervals for 12 days, rats received an ip injection of BrdU (50 mg/kg). Subjects were sacrificed and perfused 24 h and 28 days after the last injection. Spatial learning was assessed in an independent group of animals beginning on PN 110 using a Morris water maze. No Pb-induced impairments were evident in water maze learning. Immunohistochemistry for the detection of BrdU-labeled cells was performed on 40-mu m coronal sections throughout the hippocampus. Continuous exposure to Pb (Life) reduced the total number of BrdU-positive cells at 28 days without affecting the total number of labeled cells evident 24 h after the last injection. No differences in the number of progenitor cells labeled or surviving were seen between control and treated animals whose Pb exposure was terminated at weaning. Double labeling with BrdU and the glial specific marker, glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) indicated that the bulk of the surviving cells were of a neuronal rather than a glial phenotype. These data reveal that chronic low-level Pb exposure reduces the capacity for neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Despite deficits in synaptic plasticity previously reported from our laboratory (e.g., Gilbert, M. E., Mack, C. M., and Lusley, S. M. Brain Res. 1996; 736, 118-124), and now structural plasticity, no significant impact on spatial learning was detected. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Helen Hayes Hosp, Ctr Neural Recovery & Rehabil Res, W Haverstraw, NY USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 65 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi156 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 943HW UT WOS:000230345100019 PM 15788721 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Phillips, PM McDaniel, KL Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Padilla, S AF Moser, VC Phillips, PM McDaniel, KL Marshall, RS Hunter, DL Padilla, S TI Neurobehavioral effects of chronic dietary and repeated high-level spike exposure to chlorpyrifos in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; behavior; functional observational battery; Morris water maze; chronic ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; SCREENING BATTERY; WATER MAZE; NEUROTOXICITY; THIGMOTAXIS; IMPAIRMENT; PESTICIDES; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE AB This study aimed to model long-term subtoxic human exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos, and to examine the influence of that exposure on the response to intermittent high-dose acute challenges. Adult Long-Evans male rats were maintained at 350 g body weight by limited access to a chlorpyrifos-containing diet to produce an intake of 0, 1, or 5 mg/kg/day chlorpyrifos. During the year-long exposure, half of the rats in each dose group received bi-monthly challenges (spikes) of chlorpyrifos, and the other half received vehicle. Rats were periodically tested using a neurological battery of evaluations and motor activity to evaluate the magnitude of the acute response (spike days) as well as recovery and ongoing chronic effects (non-spike days). Effects of the spikes differed as a function of dietary level for several endpoints (e.g., tremor, lacrimation), and in general, the high-dose feed groups showed greater effects of the spike doses. Animals receiving the spikes also showed some neurobehavioral differences among treatment groups (e.g., hypothermia, sensory and neuromotor differences) in the intervening months. During the eleventh month, rats were tested in a Morris water maze. There were some cognitive deficits observed, demonstrated by slightly longer latency during spatial training, and decreased preference for the correct quadrant on probe trials. A consistent finding in the water maze was one of altered swim patterning, or search strategy. The high-dose feed groups showed more tendency to swim in the outer annulus or to swim very close to the walls of the tank (thigmotaxic behavior). Overall, dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos produced long-lasting neurobehavioral changes and also altered the response to acute challenges. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,NTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,NTD, Mail Code B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 47 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi199 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 943HW UT WOS:000230345100020 PM 15901919 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K AF Kitchin, KT Wallace, K TI Arsenite binding to synthetic peptides based on the Zn finger region and the estrogen binding region of the human estrogen receptor-alpha SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; arsenite; binding; K-d; B-max; sulfhydryl; dithiol; zinc finger; estrogen receptor ID MICE; GLUTATHIONE; SPECIATION; INDUCTION; ARSENATE; LIVER AB We selected the estrogen receptor protein for study because of prior results indicating that arsenite is a "potential nonsteroidal environmental estrogen". We utilized radioactive 73 As-labeled arsenite and vacuum filtration methodology to determine the binding affinity of arsenite to synthetic peptides. A zinc finger region containing four free sulfhydryls and the hormone binding region containing three free sulfhydryls based on the human estrogen receptor-a were studied. Peptide 15 (RYCAVCNDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKA) bound arsenite with a K-d of 2.2 mu M and B-max (maximal binding capacity) of 89 nmol/mg protein. Peptide 10 (LECAWQGKCVEGTEHLYSMKCKNV) had a K-d of 1.3 mu M and B-max of 59 nmol/mg protein. In contrast, the monothiol peptide 19 (LEGAWQGKGVEGTEHLYSMKCKNV) bound arsenite with a higher K-d of 124 mu M and a B-max of 26 nmol/mg protein. In our studies, amino acids other than cysteine (including methionine and histidine) did not bind arsenite at all. Peptides modeled on the estrogen receptor with two or more nearby free sulfhydryls (two or five intervening amino acids) had low K-d values in the 1-4 mu M range. Peptides containing single sulfhydryls or two sulthydryls spaced 17 amino acids apart had higher K-d values in the 100-200 mu M range, demonstrating lower affinity. With the exception of peptide 24 which had an unusually high B-max value of 234 nmol/mg, the binding capacity of the studied peptides was proportional to the number of free cysteines. Binding of trivalent arsenicals to peptides and proteins can contribute to arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity via altered peptide/protein structure and enzyme function. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 25 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.010 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 940CB UT WOS:000230120200007 PM 15963345 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Carmichael, WW Yuan, M Azevedo, SMFO AF Hilborn, ED Carmichael, WW Yuan, M Azevedo, SMFO TI A simple colorimetric method to detect biological evidence of human exposure to microcystins SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE microcystins; human exposure; immunoassay; ELISA ID CYANOBACTERIA; BRAZIL AB Toxic cyanobacteria are contaminants of surface waters worldwide. Microcystins are some of the most commonly detected cyanotoxins. Biological evidence of human exposure may be difficult to obtain due to limitations associated with cost, laboratory capacity, analytic support, and expertise. We investigated the application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) to detect microcystins in human serum. We analyzed ten serum samples collected from dialysis patients who were known to be exposed to a mixture of microcystins during a 1996 outbreak in Brazil. We applied a commercially available ELISA method to detect microcystins in serum, and we compared the ELISA results to a more specific method, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LCIMS) that was also used to detect microcystins in serum. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated using serum microcystin concentrations in split samples obtained by the two methods. Serum microcystin concentrations were similar, and we found good correlation of microcystin concentrations between the two methods. The ELISA detected total microcystins, median = 19.9 ng/ml; LC/MS detected microcystin-LR equivalents, median = 21.2 ng/ml; Spearman r = 0.96, p < 0.0001. We found that ELISA is a simple, accessible method to screen human serum for evidence of microcystin exposure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Lab Ecofisiol & Toxicol Cianobacterias, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58 C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov NR 11 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD AUG PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.04.009 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 952RF UT WOS:000231022500012 PM 15963544 ER PT J AU Zaas, AK Schwartz, DA AF Zaas, AK Schwartz, DA TI Innate immunity and the lung: Defense at the interface between host and environment SO TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; SURFACTANT PROTEIN-A; MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; DEFICIENT MICE; CUTTING EDGE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS AB The lung serves as a major interface between the host and the external environment. As such, numerous lines of defense protect the host from inhaled potential pathogens. A breach in pulmonary innate immunity can lead to deleterious outcomes, such as pneumonia and disseminated infection. Pulmonary innate immunity, the first line of defense, is mediated by airway and alveolar epithelial cells as well as resident and recruited leukocytes. This article will discuss the key cellular and secreted components of the pulmonary innate immune system. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Burnham, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zaas, AK (reprint author), USA, MD Box 3355,Duke S Blue Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM aimee.zaas@duke.edu NR 96 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1050-1738 J9 TRENDS CARDIOVAS MED JI Trends Cardiovasc. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 195 EP 202 AR PII S1050-1738(05)00117-9 DI 10.1016/j.tcm.2005.07.001 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 974TS UT WOS:000232614900001 PM 16182128 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Sludge based Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides: Viscosity impacts SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; biopesticide; fermentation; hydrolysis; viscosity; wastewater sludge ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; BROTH RHEOLOGY; RAW-MATERIAL; HYDROLYSIS AB Viscosity studies were performed on raw, pre-treated (sterilised and thermal alkaline hydrolysed or both types of treatment) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) fermented sludges at different solids concentration (10-40 g/L) for production of biopesticides. Correlations were established among rheological parameter (viscosity), solids (total and dissolved) concentration and entomotoxicity (Tx) of Bt fermented sludges. Exponential and power laws were preferentially followed by hydrolysed fermented compared to raw fermented sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand variation corroborated with increase in dissolved solids concentration on pre-treatments, contributing to changes in viscosity. Moreover, Tx was higher for hydrolysed fermented sludge in comparison to raw fermented sludge owing to increased availability of nutrients and lower viscosity that improved oxygen transfer. The shake flask results were reproducible in fermenter. This study will have major impact on selecting fermentation, harvesting and formulation techniques of Bt fermented sludges for biopesticide production. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 INRS ETE, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Serv Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS ETE, 28000 Rue Einstein,CP 7500, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 3001 EP 3011 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.072 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 956YH UT WOS:000231335500023 PM 15979118 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Wrenn, BA Venosa, AD AF Li, ZK Wrenn, BA Venosa, AD TI Effect of iron on the sensitivity of hydrogen, acetate, and butyrate metabolism to inhibition by long-chain fatty acids in vegetable-oil-enriched freshwater sediments SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; inhibition; methanogens; acetogens; iron-reducing bacteria; sediments ID ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; OLEIC-ACID; TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; LIPIDS; BIODEGRADATION; METHANOGENESIS; KINETICS AB Freshwater sediment microbial communities enriched by growth on vegetable oil in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of ferric hydroxide (sufficient to accept about 12% of the vegetable-oil-derived electrons) degrade vegetable oil to methane faster than similar microbial communities that develop when sediments are enriched by growth on vegetable oil in the absence of ferric hydroxide. This study examined the effects of enrichment in the presence of Fe(III) on the fatty-acid sensitivity of several important members of anaerobic triglyceride-degrading microbial communities in freshwater sediments. The fatty-acid sensitivity of three groups of microorganisms - hydrogenotrophic methanogens, acetate consumers, and hydrogen-producing acetogens - were investigated by comparing the rates of hydrogen, acetate, or butyrate consumption in the presence and absence of oleic acid. Methanogenesis from hydrogen was not affected by sediment enrichment conditions or by the presence of oleic acid, suggesting that hydrogenotrophic methanogens were insensitive to fatty acid inhibition in these sediments. Oleic acid inhibited the anaerobic degradation rates of acetate and butyrate by 38% and 63%, respectively, but enrichment in the presence of Fe(III) eliminated the fatty-acid sensitivity of acetate degradation and reduced the sensitivity of butyrate degradation by about half. These results suggest that iron-reducing bacteria may provide an alternative pathway through which vegetable oil can be converted to methane in anaerobic freshwater sediments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Wrenn, BA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Sci Program, Campus Box 1180,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM bawrenn@seas.wustl.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 3109 EP 3119 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.021 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 956YH UT WOS:000231335500035 PM 16000206 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Riordan, AJ Holley, TA AF Appel, KW Riordan, AJ Holley, TA TI An objective climatology of Carolina coastal fronts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SCALE; FRONTOGENESIS; CYCLOGENESIS; WEATHER AB This study describes a simple objective method to identify cases of coastal frontogenesis offshore of the Carolinas and to characterize the sensible weather associated with frontal passage at measurement sites near the coast. The identification method, based on surface hourly data from offshore and adjacent land stations, was applied to an 11-yr dataset (1984-94). A total of 379 coastal fronts was found, 70 of which eventually made landfall along the North Carolina coast; 112 that remained offshore, and 197 were termed diurnal since they remained offshore but disappeared during daylight hours. Results show that most coastal and offshore sites experience a wind shift of about 40 degrees-70 degrees and a warming of about 2 degrees-3 degrees C during the hour of frontal passage. Exceptions include sites near colder waters where the rates are markedly reduced and frontal passage is often less discernible. Excluding diurnal fronts, just over half the cases were associated with cold-air damming (CAD) during the cold season of 16 October-15 April. Most of these winter cases linked with CAD were onshore fronts. During the warm season, most fronts were diurnal, but the association with CAD was still significant. To explore the synoptic-scale environment, composite maps for the cold season were generated for all three frontal subtypes from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. Results show a strong surface anticyclone centered north of the region of frontogenesis for all three composites. However, several features in the synoptic-scale regimes appear to differentiate the three frontal types. For example, cyclogenesis in the Gulf of Mexico and onshore southeasterly low-level flow along the southeast Atlantic coast accompanied by warm advection distinguish onshore fronts from the other two types. The offshore fronts are accompanied by more nearly zonal flow aloft and a surface anticyclone that stalls near the New England coastline. Finally, the diurnal type is associated with much weaker pressure and height fields and an east-west elongated surface anticyclone centered much farther south than in the other cases. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmopher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Weathernews Amer Inc, Norman, OK USA. RP Riordan, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmopher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM al_riordan@ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 439 EP 455 DI 10.1175/WAF869.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200003 ER PT J AU Alarcon, WA Calvert, GM Blondell, JM Mehler, LN Sievert, J Propeck, M Tibbetts, DS Becker, A Lackovic, M Soileau, SB Das, R Beckman, J Male, DP Thomsen, CL Stanbury, M AF Alarcon, WA Calvert, GM Blondell, JM Mehler, LN Sievert, J Propeck, M Tibbetts, DS Becker, A Lackovic, M Soileau, SB Das, R Beckman, J Male, DP Thomsen, CL Stanbury, M TI Acute illnesses associated with pesticide exposure at schools SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES AB Context Pesticides continue to be used on school property, and some schools are at risk of pesticide drift exposure from neighboring farms, which leads to pesticide exposure among students and school employees. However, information on the magnitude of illnesses and risk factors associated with these pesticide exposures is not available. Objective To estimate the magnitude of and associated risk factors for pesticide-related illnesses at schools. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of surveillance data from 1998 to 2002 of 2593 persons with acute pesticide- related illnesses associated with exposure at schools. Nationwide information on pesticide- related illnesses is routinely collected by 3 national pesticide surveillance systems: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks pesticides program, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, and the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Main Outcome Measures Incidence rates and severity of acute pesticide- related illnesses. Results Incidence rates for 1998-2002 were 7.4 cases per million children and 27.3 cases per million school employee full-time equivalents. The incidence rates among children increased significantly from 1998 to 2002. Illness of high severity was found in 3 cases (0.1 %), moderate severity in 275 cases (11 %), and low severity in 2315 cases (89%). Most illnesses were associated with insecticides (n=895, 35%), disinfectants (n=830, 32%), repellents (n=335,13%), or herbicides (n=279, 11 %). Among 406 cases with detailed information on the source of pesticide exposure, 281 (69%) were associated with pesticides used at schools and 125 (31 %) were associated with pesticide drift exposure from farmland. Conclusions Pesticide exposure at schools produces acute illnesses among school employees and students. To prevent pesticide- related illnesses at schools, implementation of integrated pest management programs in schools, practices to reduce pesticide drift, and adoption of pesticide spray buffer zones around schools are recommended. C1 NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Environm & Injury Epidemiol & Toxicol Branch, Austin, TX USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Pesticides & Surveillance Sect, Olympia, WA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Community Environm Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Sect Environm Epidemiol & Toxicol, New Orleans, LA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Occupat Hlth, Troy, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. RP Alarcon, WA (reprint author), NIOSH, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM walarcon@cdc.gov RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 4 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1001/jama.294.4.455 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 948RM UT WOS:000230733400020 PM 16046652 ER PT J AU Nikolic, I Steenbergen, C Murphy, E AF Nikolic, I Steenbergen, C Murphy, E TI Cardioprotective effects of a selective beta estrogen receptor agonist in a mouse ischemia-reperfusion injury model SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual Symposium of the American-Heart-Association-Council-on-Basic-Cardiovascular-Sciences CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Keystone, CO SP Amer Heart Assoc Council Basic Cardiovasc Sci, Amer Heart Assoc Interdisciplinary Working Grp Functional Geonom & Translat Biol, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 MA 157 BP E39 EP E39 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 947TH UT WOS:000230668900162 ER PT J AU Cisneros, GA Piquemal, JP Darden, TA AF Cisneros, GA Piquemal, JP Darden, TA TI Intermolecular electrostatic energies using density fitting SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; POLARIZATION ENERGIES; FUNCTIONAL METHODS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; WATER DIMER; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION AB A method is presented to calculate the electron-electron and nuclear-electron intermolecular Coulomb interaction energy between two molecules by separately fitting the unperturbed molecular electron density of each monomer. This method is based on the variational Coulomb fitting method which relies on the expansion of the ab initio molecular electron density in site-centered auxiliary basis sets. By expanding the electron density of each monomer in this way the integral expressions for the intermolecular electrostatic calculations are simplified, lowering the operation count as well as the memory usage. Furthermore, this method allows the calculation of intermolecular Coulomb interactions with any level of theory from which a one-electron density matrix can be obtained. Our implementation is initially tested by calculating molecular properties with the density fitting method using three different auxiliary basis sets and comparing them to results obtained from ab initio calculations. These properties include dipoles for a series of molecules, as well as the molecular electrostatic potential and electric field for water. Subsequently, the intermolecular electrostatic energy is tested by calculating ten stationary points on the water dimer potential-energy surface. Results are presented for electron densities obtained at four different levels of theory using two different basis sets, fitted with three auxiliary basis sets. Additionally, a one-dimensional electrostatic energy surface scan is performed for four different systems (H2O dimer, Mg2+-H2O, Cu+-H2O, and n-methyl-formamide dimer). Our results show a very good agreement with ab initio calculations for all properties as well as interaction energies. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27707 USA. RP Cisneros, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27707 USA. EM cisnero1@niehs.nih.gov RI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/B-9901-2009; Cisneros, Gerardo/B-3128-2010 OI Piquemal, Jean-Philip/0000-0001-6615-9426; FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011757912]; PHS HHS [NIH0011757912] NR 66 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 AR 044109 DI 10.1063/1.1947192 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 952GK UT WOS:000230991800011 PM 16095348 ER PT J AU Detenbeck, NE Brady, VJ Taylor, DL Snarski, VM Batterman, SL AF Detenbeck, NE Brady, VJ Taylor, DL Snarski, VM Batterman, SL TI Relationship of stream flow regime in the western Lake Superior basin to watershed type characteristics SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow regime; classification; Lake Superior; streams ID VARIABILITY; LANDSCAPE; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; PREDICTION; PERIPHYTON; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; IMPACTS AB To test a conceptual model of non-linear response of hydrologic regimes to watershed characteristics, we selected 48 second- and third-order study sites on the North and South Shores of western Lake Superior, MN(USA) using a random-stratified design based on hydrogeomorphic region, fraction mature forest, and fraction watershed storage (lake+wetland area/watershed area). We calculated several commonly used hydrologic indices froth discharge and velocity estimates, including daily flow indices, overall flood indices, low flow variables, and ratios or ranges of flow percentiles reflecting the nature of cumulative frequency distributions. Four principal components (PCs) explained 85.9 and 88.6% of the variation of flow metrics among second- and third-order stream sites, respectively. Axes of variation corresponded to a runoff vs. baseflow axis, flow variability, mean flow, and contrasts between flood duration and frequency, Analysis of velocity metrics for third-order streams yielded four PCs corresponding to mean or maximum velocity, Froude number, and inferred shear velocity, as well;is spate frequencies vs. intervals associated with different velocity ranges. Using discriminant function analysis, we could discriminate among watershed classes based on region. mature forest, or watershed storage as a function of flow metrics. For second-order streams, median flow (Qs(S0)) increased as watershed storage increased. North Shore streams showed a more skewed distribution and greater spread of discharge values than did South Shore streams for both stream orders, while third-order North Shore streams exhibited a higher frequency of spates. Independent of regional differences, loss of mature forest increased the range of variation between baseflow and peak flows, and depressed baseflow. Consistent with our initial model for watershed classification, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis confirmed significant thresholds of change in flow metrics averaging between 0,506 and 0.036 for fraction mature forest and between 0.180 and 0.258 for fraction watershed storage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Detenbeck, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov NR 64 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 258 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.024 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938SR UT WOS:000230023700018 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Cahill, JD Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Meyer, MT Kryak, DD AF Glassmeyer, ST Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Cahill, JD Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Meyer, MT Kryak, DD TI Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: Potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE WATERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ANTHROPOGENIC MARKER AB The quality of drinking and recreational water is currently (2005) determined using indicator bacteria. However, the culture tests used to analyze for these bacteria require a long time to complete and do not discriminate between human and animal fecal material sources. One complementary approach is to use chemicals found in human wastewater, which would have the advantages of (1) potentially shorter analysis times than the bacterial culture tests and (2) being selected for human-source specificity. At 10 locations, water samples were collected upstream and at two successive points downstream from a wastewaster treatment plant (WWTP); a treated effluent sample was also collected at each WWTP. This sampling plan was used to determine the persistence of a chemically diverse suite of emerging contaminants in streams. Samples were also collected at two reference locations assumed to have minimal human impacts. Of the 110 chemical analytes investigated in this project, 78 were detected at least once. The number of compounds in a given sample ranged from 3 at a reference location to 50 in a WWTP effluent sample. The total analyte load at each location varied from 0.018 mu g/L at the reference location to 97.7 mu g/L in a separate WWTP effluent sample. Although most of the compound concentrations were in the range of 0.01-1.0 mu g/ L, in some samples, individual concentrations were in the range of 5-38 mu g/L. The concentrations of the majority of the chemicals present in the samples generally followed the expected trend: they were either nonexistent or at trace levels in the upstream samples, had their maximum concentrations in the WWTP effluent samples, and then declined in the two downstream samples. This research suggests that selected chemicals are useful as tracers of human wastewater discharge. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 75 TC 312 Z9 329 U1 9 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5157 EP 5169 DI 10.1021/es048120k PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200011 PM 16082943 ER PT J AU Johnson-Restrepo, B Kannan, K Rapaport, DP Rodan, BD AF Johnson-Restrepo, B Kannan, K Rapaport, DP Rodan, BD TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in human adipose tissue from New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOCHLORINE; SERUM; CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE; BLOOD AB Human adipose tissue samples (n = 52) collected in New York City during 2003-2004 were analyzed for the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of PBDEs in adipose tissues ranged from 17 to 9630 ng/g, lipid wt (median: 77; mean: 399 ng/g, lipid wt; sum all di- through hexa-BDE congeners). Average PBDE concentrations in human adipose tissues from New York City were 10- to 100-times greater than those reported for European countries. A concentration of 9630 ng/g, lipid wt, found in a sample of adipose tissue, is one of the highest concentrations reported to date. PBDE 47 (2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE) was the major congener detected in human tissues, followed by PBDE congeners #99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentalBDE), 100 (2,2',4,4',6-pentaBDE), and 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE). A few individuals contained PBDE 153 as the predominant congener in total PBDE concentrations, suggesting alternative exposure sources, possibly occupational. Principal component analysis of PBDE congener composition in human adipose tissues revealed the presence of five clusters, each characterized by varying composition. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of PBDEs between gender. Concentrations of PBDEs were, on average, similar to those for PCBs in human adipose tissues, and substantially higher when PBDE outliers were retained. PBDE and PCB concentrations were not correlated. PBDE concentrations did not increase with increasing age of the subjects, whereas concentrations of PCBs increased with increasing age in males but not in females in this study. These results suggest differences between PBDEs and PCBs in their sources or time course of exposure and disposition. The presence of comparable or greater concentrations of PBDEs, relative to PCBs, highlights the importance of recent voluntary and regulatory efforts to cease production of commercial penta- and octa-BDE in North America, although these efforts do not address continuing emissions from existing sources, such as polyurethane foams. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Lipoworks, Plast Surg, New York, NY USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org NR 30 TC 174 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5177 EP 5182 DI 10.1021/es050399x PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200013 PM 16082945 ER PT J AU Ackerman, AH Creed, PA Parks, AN Fricke, MW Schwegel, CA Creed, JT Heitkemper, DT Vela, NP AF Ackerman, AH Creed, PA Parks, AN Fricke, MW Schwegel, CA Creed, JT Heitkemper, DT Vela, NP TI Comparison of a chemical and enzymatic extraction of arsenic from rice and an assessment of the arsenic absorption from contaminated water by cooked rice SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURE MODEL; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOOD; BANGLADESH; METABOLISM AB Rice is a target food for arsenic speciation based analyses because of its relatively high arsenic concentration and per capita consumption rates. Improved speciation data for rice can be helpful in estimating inorganic arsenic exposures in the U.S. and in endemic populations. The inorganic arsenic exposure for cooked rice should include both the arsenic in raw rice plus the arsenic absorbed from the water used to prepare it. The amount of arsenic absorbed from water by rice during preparation was assessed using five different types of rice cooked in both contaminated drinking water and arsenic-free reagent water. The rice samples were extracted using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and speciated using IC-ICP-MS. The TFA procedure was able to extract 84-104% of the arsenic (As) from the five different cooked rice samples. Chromatographic recoveries ranged from 99% to 116%. The dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and inorganic arsenic concentration ranged from 22 to 270 ng of As/g of rice and from 31 to 108 ng of As/g of rice, respectively, for samples cooked in reagent water. The overall recoveries, which relate the sum of the chromatographic species back to the total digested concentration, ranged from 89% to 117%. The absorption of arsenic by rice from the total volume of water [1:1 to 4:1 (water:rice)] used in cooking was between 89% and 105% for two different contaminated drinking water samples. A comparison of the TFA extraction to an enzymatic extraction was made using the five rice samples and NIST 1568a rice flour. The two extraction procedures produced good agreement for inorganic arsenic DMAI and the overall recovery. Through the use of IC - ESI-MS/ MS with a parent ion of m/z 153 and fragment ions of m/z 138, 123, and 105, the structure dimethylthioarsinic acid was tentatively identified in two of the rice samples using the enzymatic extraction. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45249 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Creed.Jack@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 FU PHS HHS [DW-75-93936101] NR 13 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5241 EP 5246 DI 10.1021/es048150n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200022 PM 16082952 ER PT J AU Mathur, R Shankar, U Hanna, AF Odman, MT McHenry, JN Coats, CJ Alapaty, K Xiu, AJ Arunachalam, S Olerud, DT Byun, DW Schere, KL Binkowski, FS Ching, JKS Dennis, RL Pierce, TE Pleim, JE Roselle, SJ Young, JO AF Mathur, R Shankar, U Hanna, AF Odman, MT McHenry, JN Coats, CJ Alapaty, K Xiu, AJ Arunachalam, S Olerud, DT Byun, DW Schere, KL Binkowski, FS Ching, JKS Dennis, RL Pierce, TE Pleim, JE Roselle, SJ Young, JO TI Multiscale air quality simulation platform (MAQSIP): Initial applications and performance for tropospheric ozone and particulate matter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; MIDDLE TENNESSEE OZONE; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; NONLINEAR RENORMALIZATION; SUBGRID REPRESENTATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL; SULFATE PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; ADVECTIVE FLUXES AB The performance of the Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform (MAQSIP) in simulating the regional distributions of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM) is evaluated through comparisons of model results from three-dimensional simulations against available surface and aircraft measurements. These applications indicate that the model captures the dynamic range of observations and the spatial trends represented in measurements. Some discrepancies also exist, however, and they are discussed in the context of model formulation, input data specification and assumptions, and variability and bias in measurements. The daily normalized bias (within +/- 20%) and normalized gross errors (< 25%) for predicted surface level O-3 over an entire summer season are within the suggested performance criteria for management evaluation studies and are comparable to, if not smaller than, those reported previously for other regional O-3 models. Comparisons of modeled PM composition with speciated fine particle concentration measurements show that the model is able to capture the spatial variability in fine PM mass as well as in the inorganic component fractions. Both measurements and model results show that in the summertime in the eastern U. S., SO42- is a relatively large component of fine PM mass; in contrast, NO3- is a significant fraction in the western U. S. in the wintertime case studied. The ability of the model to simulate the observed visibility indices (extinction coefficient and deciview) are evaluated through comparisons of model estimates using both a detailed Mie theory-based calculation (based on predicted aerosol size and number distributions) and an empirical mass reconstruction algorithm. Both modeled and observed data show that among the various aerosol components, in the eastern U. S. SO42- contributes the largest fraction to the aerosol extinction (35 - 85%), while organic mass contributes up to 20 - 25%. In contrast, in the western U. S., SO42- and NO3- have comparable contributions (20 - 50%) to the observed aerosol extinction. Comparisons with limited observational aircraft data, however, show moderate to poor correlation with measurements in the free troposphere. While these discrepancies can be attributed in part to model initialization and lateral boundary conditions specification, there is a need for further evaluation of the representation of boundary layer-free troposphere exchange mechanisms as well as the chemical mechanisms currently used in the model for representing chemistry in the free troposphere. C1 Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Raleigh, NC USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mathur, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM rohit.mahur@noaa.gov RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 98 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D13 AR D13308 DI 10.1018/2004JD004918 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950CW UT WOS:000230836200001 ER PT J AU Krzyzanowski, M Vandenberg, J Stieb, D AF Krzyzanowski, M Vandenberg, J Stieb, D TI Perspectives on air quality policy issues in Europe and North America SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article AB This article presents an overview of progress and future directions in air quality management in Europe, the United States, and Canada. The article describes the role of the European Commission, the Clean Air for Europe program, and the World Health Organization (WHO) in devising policies to reduce health risks due to air pollution in Europe. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for particulate matter (PM), air quality monitoring programs, and research efforts to support air quality management strategies are discussed. The unique aspects of air quality management in Canada are identified, including the need for a better understanding of the true burden of health effects and improved communication strategies to inform the public and stakeholders. C1 WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hlth Canada, Air Qual Hlth Effects Res Sect, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Krzyzanowski, M (reprint author), WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Goerresstr 15, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. EM mkr@ecehbonn.euro.who.int OI Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUL 9 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 13-14 BP 1057 EP 1061 DI 10.1080/15287390590935897 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OT UT WOS:000230582500002 PM 16024487 ER PT J AU Rogers, KR Harper, SL Robertson, G AF Rogers, KR Harper, SL Robertson, G TI Screening for toxic industrial chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices with rapid toxicity assays SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE toxic industrial chemicals; acute toxicity; Daphnia magna; Vibrio fischeri ID POLLUTANTS; SPMDS; AIR; GENOTOXICITY; BIOASSAYS; PAHS AB A time-integrated sampling device interfaced with two toxicity-based assays is reported for monitoring volatile toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the fill solvent accumulated each of 17 TICs from the vapor phase. Uptake kinetics experiments for one of these compounds (acrolein) indicated that it was significantly concentrated (i.e., 10% of the 24 h maximum) in as little as 10 trim and was concentrated by a factor of over 200 for a 24 h exposure time as measured using both mass and toxicity assays. The effect of each of the TICs on the Microtox bacterial luminescence assay and IQ-Tox Daphnia magna fluorescence assay was determined both from a direct assay and a vapor accumulation assay using SPMDs. Microtox EC50 values (concentrations yielding 50% inhibition) were determined for each of the TICs analyzed. The rank order of the Microtox EC50 values for each of the compounds measured by direct dilution of the TICs into assay buffer was similar but not identical to the Apparent (App) EC50 values determined from the vapor accumulation assay. The ratios of the EC50 to the AppEC(50) values were used to calculate apparent toxicity-derived concentration factors (i.e., the toxicity equivalents of compound that concentrate from vapor into the SPMD). EC50 values for the IQ-Tox assay as measured using a 90 min fluorescence assay were, in most cases, similar but not identical to the Microtox EC50 values for individual compounds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Exposure Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Exposure Lab LV, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 543 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.016 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 937VF UT WOS:000229953300031 ER PT J AU Kaul, M Hill, RL Walthall, C AF Kaul, M Hill, RL Walthall, C TI Artificial neural networks for corn and soybean yield prediction SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; yield prediction models; soil fertility; multiple regression ID WATER-RETENTION; SOIL; MODELS; MAIZE AB The Maryland Water Quality Improvement Act of 1998 requires mandatory nutrient management planning on all agricultural land in Maryland. Nutrient management specialists need simple and accurate estimation techniques to relate crop yields and nutrient utilization in the planning process. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate if artificial neural network (ANN) models could effectively predict Maryland corn and soybean yields for typical climatic conditions; (2) compare the prediction capabilities of models at state, regional, and local levels; (3) evaluate ANN model performance relative to variations of developmental parameters; and (4) compare the effectiveness of multiple linear regression models to ANN models. Models were developed using historical yield data at multiple locations throughout Maryland. Field-specific rainfall data and the USDA-NRCS Soil Rating for Plant Growth (SRPG) values were used for each location. SRPG and weekly rainfall means were necessary for effective corn and soybean yield predictions. Adjusting ANN parameters such as learning rate and number of hidden nodes affected the accuracy of crop yield predictions. Optimal learning rates fell between 0.77 and 0.90. Smaller data sets required fewer hidden nodes and lower learning rates in model optimization. ANN models consistently produced more accurate yield predictions than regression models. ANN corn yield models for Maryland resulted in r(2) and RMSEs of 0.77 and 1036 versus 0.42 and 1356 for linear regression, respectively. ANN soybean yield models for Maryland resulted in r(2) and RMSEs of 0.81 and 214 versus 0.46 and 312 for linear regression, respectively. Although more time consuming to develop than linear regression models, ANN models proved to be a superior methodology for accurately predicting corn and soybean yields under typical Maryland climatic conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kaul, M (reprint author), US EPA, ARIEL RIOS Bldg,1200 Pennsylvania Ave,Mailcode 75, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kaul.monisha@epamail.epa.gov NR 26 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.07.009 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 937UN UT WOS:000229951400001 ER PT J AU Wang, XC Garrick, MD Yang, FM Dailey, LA Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ AF Wang, XC Garrick, MD Yang, FM Dailey, LA Piantadosi, CA Ghio, AJ TI TNF, IFN-gamma, and endotoxin increase expression of DMT1 in bronchial epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane transporters; tumor necrosis factor; interferon; divalent metal transporter-1; lipopolysaccharide ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN MONOCYTIC CELLS; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; NF-KAPPA-B; IRON-METABOLISM; FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FERRITIN-H; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSFERRIN UPTAKE AB Wang, Xinchao, Michael D. Garrick, Funmei Yang, Lisa A. Dailey, Claude A. Piantadosi, and Andrew J. Ghio. TNF, IFN-gamma, and endotoxin increase expression of DMT1 in bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289: L24-L33, 2005. First published March 4, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00428.2003. - Regulation of the metal transport protein divalent metal transporter-1 ( DMT1) may contribute to the uptake and detoxification of iron by cells resident in the respiratory tract. Inflammation has been associated with an increased availability of this metal resulting in an oxidative stress. Because proinflammatory cytokines and LPS have been demonstrated to affect an elevated expression of DMT1 in a macrophage cell line, we tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-alpha, interferon ( IFN)-gamma, and LPS increase DMT1 expression in airway epithelial cells. We used RT-PCR to detect mRNA for both -IRE DMT1 and +IRE DMT1 in BEAS-2B cells. Treatment with TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, or LPS increased both forms. Western blot analysis also demonstrated an increase in the expression of both isoforms of DMT1 after these treatments. Twenty-four hours after exposure of an animal model to TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, or LPS, a significant increase in pulmonary expression of -IRE DMT1 was seen by immunohistochemistry; the level of +IRE DMT1 was too low in the lung to be visualized using this methodology. Finally, iron transport into BEAS-2B cells was increased after inclusion of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, or LPS in the media. We conclude that proinflammatory cytokines and LPS increase mRNA and protein expression of DMT1 in airway cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, both -IRE and +IRE isoforms are elevated after exposures. Increased expression of this protein appears to be included in a coordinated response of the cell and tissue where the function might be to diminish availability of metal. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 52 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 289 IS 1 BP L24 EP L33 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00428.2003 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 935HV UT WOS:000229772200004 PM 15749739 ER PT J AU Yang, FM Haile, DJ Wang, XC Dailey, LA Stonehuerner, JG Ghio, AJ AF Yang, FM Haile, DJ Wang, XC Dailey, LA Stonehuerner, JG Ghio, AJ TI Apical location of ferroportin 1 in airway epithelia and its role in iron detoxification in the lung SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron metabolism; divalent metal transporter-1; ferritin; transferrin ID AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT HEMOCHROMATOSIS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; OXIDANT ACTIVITY; DIETARY IRON; TRANSPORTER; EXPRESSION; CELLS; NRAMP2; MUTATION AB Yang, Funmei, David J. Haile, Xinchao Wang, Lisa A. Dailey, Jacqueline G. Stonehuerner, and Andrew J. Ghio. Apical location of ferroportin 1 in airway epithelia and its role in iron detoxification in the lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289: L14-L23, 2005. First published March 4, 2005; doi: 10.1152/ ajplung.00456.2004. Ferroportin 1 (FPN1; aka MTP1, IREG1, and SLC40A1), which was originally identified as a basolateral iron transporter crucial for nutritional iron absorption in the intestine, is expressed in airway epithelia and upregulated when these cells are exposed to iron. Using immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopic imaging techniques, we demonstrate that in human and rodent lungs, FPN1 localizes subcellularly to the apical but not basolateral membrane of the airway epithelial cells. The role of airway epithelial cells in iron mobilization in the lung was studied in an in vitro model of the polarized airway epithelium. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells, grown on membrane supports until differentiated, were exposed to iron, and the efficiency and direction of iron transportation were studied. We found that these cells can efficiently take up iron across the apical but not basolateral surface in a concentration-dependent manner. Most of the iron taken up by the cells is then released into the medium within 8 h in the form of less reactive protein-bound complexes including ferritin and transferrin. Interestingly, iron release also occurred across the apical but not basolateral membrane. Our findings indicate that FPN1, depending on its subcellular location, could have distinct functions in iron homeostasis in different cells and tissues. Although it is responsible for exporting nutrient iron from enterocytes to the circulation in the intestine, it could play a role in iron detoxification in airway epithelial cells in the lung. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yang, FM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM yangf@uthscsa.edu; ghio.andy@epa.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL-68842]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK-53079] NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 289 IS 1 BP L14 EP L23 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00456.2004 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 935HV UT WOS:000229772200003 PM 15749737 ER PT J AU Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM AF Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM TI Population dynamics of harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens and R. montanus) across a nitrogen-amended old field SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VOLE MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; SPECIES REMOVAL; COMMUNITIES; RODENTS; CONSEQUENCES; GRASSLANDS; SUCCESSION; GRADIENTS; ECOSYSTEM AB We conducted a mark-recapture experiment to examine population dynamics of the fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) and plains harvest mouse (R. montanus) in response to low-level nitrogen amendments (16.4 kg N/ha/y) in an old-field grassland. The experimental design consisted of 16, 0.16-ha plots with four replicates of each treatment combination (fenced, nitrogen amendment; unfenced, nitrogen amendment; fenced, control; unfenced, control). We predicted that densities, survival, and transition probabilities would be greater for both species on nitrogen-amended plots because of greater aboveground biomass (i.e., enhanced concealment from predators). We observed no distinct patterns in survival or transition probabilities of R fulvescens or R. montanus with regard to treatments. Although population densities of R. fulvescens did not exhibit any distinct patterns with regard to treatments, densities of R. montanus tended to be highest on nitrogen plots, but lowest on nitrogen-fenced plots during winter 1999-2000. As low-level nitrogen amendments continue to be applied, we predict survival and densities of R. montanus and R. fulvescens on control plots, especially fenced plots with no nitrogen amendment, will eventually exceed those on nitrogen-amended plots as a result of higher plant species diversity, food availability and better quality cover. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Clark, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark43@utk.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0240:PDOHMR]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944EB UT WOS:000230407600022 ER PT J AU Nagy, LR Holmes, RT AF Nagy, LR Holmes, RT TI To double-brood or not? Individual variation in the reproductive effort in Black-Throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Black-Throated Blue Warbler; Dendroica caerulescens; female quality; multiple brooding; population dynamics; renesting; territory quality ID TIT PARUS-MAJOR; GREAT TIT; MIGRATORY SONGBIRD; FOREST BIRDS; CLUTCH SIZE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NEST PREDATION; TRADE-OFF AB Individuals within a population vary in important fitness components, such as reproductive success. In general, females can maximize the number of young they produce by altering either the number of young per breeding attempt or the number of breeding attempts per season. In short-lived species, and especially in small passerine birds, number of breeding attempts per season varies markedly among individuals. Here, we evaluated factors influencing whether female Blackthroated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) initiated additional nests after a successful breeding attempt (i.e. double-brooded). The percentage of females that laid a second clutch after successfully fledging a first brood ranged from 0 to 87% and averaged 53% (n = 7 years). Multiple logistic regression and AIC(c) model selection indicated that double-brooded females bred in territories with greater food availability and produced heavier nestlings than single-brooded females. Female age, male age, date of first breeding attempt, and number of young in the first clutch were not included in the best-fit model. Older females, however, produced heavier fledglings, and females mated to older males occurred on territories with greater food availability, indicating that age contributed to individual variation in reproductive output. Because the proportion of females that produce multiple broods within a season can have a substantial effect on the annual fecundity of a population, variation among females and among the territories they occupy (i.e. habitat quality) are key factors influencing population dynamics in this and other multibrooded, short-lived species. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nagy, LR (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nagy.laura@epa.gov NR 71 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2005 VL 122 IS 3 BP 902 EP 914 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0902:TDONIV]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 952EG UT WOS:000230984600015 ER PT J AU Jones, J Doran, PJ Nagy, LR Holmes, RT AF Jones, J Doran, PJ Nagy, LR Holmes, RT TI Mayfield nest-survival estimates and seasonal fecundity: Reply to Farnsworth and Simons SO AUK LA English DT Letter C1 Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. Wildlands Project, Richmond, VT 05477 USA. Environm Protect Agcy, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. EM jajones@vassar.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2005 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1001 EP 1003 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1001:MNEASF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 952EG UT WOS:000230984600028 ER PT J AU Gunn, LH Dunson, DB AF Gunn, LH Dunson, DB TI A transformation approach for incorporating monotone or unimodal constraints SO BIOSTATISTICS LA English DT Article DE changepoint; Gibbs sampler; hormone measurements; menstrual cycle; nested data; order-restricted inference; progesterone; shape constraint ID NONPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN BIOASSAY; ISOTONIC REGRESSION; MENSTRUAL CYCLES; MODELS; RESTRICTIONS; CONCEPTION; WOMEN; SHAPE AB Samples of curves are collected in many applications, including studies of reproductive hormone levels in the menstrual cycle. Many approaches have been proposed for correlated functional data of this type, including smoothing spline methods and other flexible parametric modeling strategies. In many cases, the underlying biological processes involved restrict the curve to follow a particular shape. For example, progesterone levels in healthy women increase during the menstrual cycle to a peak achieved at random location with decreases thereafter. Reproductive epidemiologists are interested in studying the distribution of the peak and the trajectory for women in different groups. Motivated by this application, we propose a simple approach for restricting each woman's mean trajectory to follow an umbrella shape. An unconstrained hierarchical Bayesian model is used to characterize the data, and draws from the posterior distribution obtained using a Gibbs sampler are then mapped to the constrained space. Inferences are based on the resulting quasi-posterior distribution for the peak and individual woman trajectories. The methods are applied to a study comparing progesterone trajectories for conception and nonconception cycles. C1 Georgia So Univ, Jiann Hsu Sch Publ Hlth, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gunn, LH (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Jiann Hsu Sch Publ Hlth, POB 8076, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM Igunn@georgiasouthern.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1465-4644 J9 BIOSTATISTICS JI Biostatistics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 434 EP 449 DI 10.1093/biostatistics/kci020 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 948KV UT WOS:000230715600006 PM 15831579 ER PT J AU Titus, MA Schell, MJ Lih, FB Tomer, KB Mohler, JL AF Titus, MA Schell, MJ Lih, FB Tomer, KB Mohler, JL TI Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone tissue levels in recurrent prostate cancer SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; RECEPTOR GENE; ENDOCRINE-THERAPY; AMPLIFICATION; BICALUTAMIDE; PROGRESSION; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; METASTASES; PROTEIN AB Purpose: Prostate cancer eventually recurs during androgen deprivation therapy despite castrate levels of serum androgens. Expression of androgen receptor and androgen receptor-regulated proteins suggests androgen receptor activation in recurrent prostate cancer. Many groups have pursued mechanisms of ligand-independent androgen receptor activation but we found high levels of testicular androgens in recurrent prostate cancer tissue using RIA. Experimental Designs: Prostate specimens from 36 men were procured preserving blood flow to prevent ischemia and cyropreserved immediately. Recurrent prostate cancer specimens from 18 men whose cancer recurred locally during androgen deprivation therapy and androgen-stimulated benign prostate specimens from 18 men receiving no hormonal treatments were studied. Tissue levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured in each specimen using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were compared with clinical variables and treatment received. Results: Testosterone levels were similar in recurrent prostate cancer (3.75 pmol/g tissue) and androgen-stimulated benign prostate (2.75 pmol/g tissue, Wilcoxon two-sided, P = 0.30). Dihydrotestosterone levels decreased 91 % in recurrent prostate cancer (1.25 pmol/g tissue) compared with androgen-stimulated benign prostate (13.7 pmol/g tissue; Wilcoxon two-sided, P < 0.0001) although dihydrotestosterone levels in most specimens of recurrent prostate cancer were sufficient for androgen receptor activation. Testosterone or dihydrotestosterone levels were not related to metastatic status, antiandrogen treatment, or survival (Wilcoxon rank sum, all P > 0.2). Conclusions: Recurrent prostate cancer may develop the capacity to biosynthesize testicular androgens from adrenal androgens or cholesterol. This surprising finding suggests intracrine production of dihydrotestosterone and should be exploited for novel treatment of recurrent prostate cancer. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Urol Oncol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biotechnol, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Titus, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM matitus@med.unc.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-77739] NR 31 TC 322 Z9 327 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 13 BP 4653 EP 4657 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0525 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 944BQ UT WOS:000230400300005 PM 16000557 ER PT J AU Williamson-Natesan, EG AF Williamson-Natesan, EG TI Comparison of methods for detecting bottlenecks from microsatellite loci SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE allele frequency distribution; population size reduction; effective population size; extinction risk ID RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; SIZE; GENETICS; LIKELIHOOD AB This paper describes simulation tests to compare methods for detecting recent bottlenecks using microsatellite data. This study considers both type I error (detecting a bottleneck when there wasn't one) and type II error (failing to detect a bottleneck when there was one) under a variety of scenarios. The two most promising methods were the range in allele size conditioned on the number of alleles, M (k) , and heterozygosity given the number of alleles, H (k) , under a two-phase mutation model; in most of the simulations one of these two methods had the lowest type I and type II error relative to other methods. M (k) was the method most likely to correctly identify a bottleneck when a bottleneck lasted several generations, the population had made a demographic recovery, and mutation rates were high or pre-bottleneck population sizes were large. On the other hand H (k) was most likely to correctly identify a bottleneck when a bottleneck was more recent and less severe and when mutation rates were low or pre-bottleneck population sizes were small. Both methods were prone to type I errors when assumptions of the model were violated, but it may be easier to design a conservative heterozygosity test than a conservative ratio test. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Williamson-Natesan, EG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM natesan.ellen@epa.gov NR 16 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-9009-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 000FH UT WOS:000234445800006 ER PT J AU Cho, J Lee, C Kang, S Lee, J Lee, H Bok, J Woo, J Moon, Y Choi, Y AF Cho, J Lee, C Kang, S Lee, J Lee, H Bok, J Woo, J Moon, Y Choi, Y TI Molecular cloning of a phytase gene (phy M) from Pseudomonas syringae MOK1 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; EXPRESSION; OVEREXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; FUNGI; SP. AB A phytase gene (phy M) was cloned from Pseudomonas syringae MOK1 by two steps of degenerate PCR and inverse PCR. This gene consists of 1,287 nucleotides and encodes a polypeptide of 428 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 46,652 kDa. Based on its amino acid sequence, the Phy M shares the active site RHGXRXP and HD sequence motifs, typically characterized by histidine acid phosphatases familly. Each phy M gene fragment encoding mature Phy M with its own signal sequence (pEPSS) and without (pEPSM) was subcloned into the E. coli BL21 (DE3) expression vector, pET22b (+). The enzyme activity in crude extracts of clone pEPSM was 2.514 Umg(-1) of protein, and about 10-fold higher than that of clone pEPSS. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, DHSS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Jinju Natl Univ, Jinju 660758, South Korea. RP Cho, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, DHSS, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cho3@niehs.nih.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4482-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 949WE UT WOS:000230818800003 PM 15971093 ER PT J AU Koh, CH Khim, JS Villeneuve, DL Kannan, K Johnson, BG Giesy, JP AF Koh, CH Khim, JS Villeneuve, DL Kannan, K Johnson, BG Giesy, JP TI Instrumental and bioanalytical measures of dioxin-like and estrogenic compounds and activities associated with sediment from the Korean coast SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE PCBs; pesticides; PAHs; alkylphenols; dioxin; estrogen; in vitro bioassay; sediment; Korea ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; BIPHENYLS PCBS; LAKE CALUMET; MASAN BAY; PAHS; ALKYLPHENOLS; RESPONSES AB Sediments from inland areas and open bays along the Korean coast were analyzed to examine the distribution of dioxin-like and estrogenic compounds. Concentrations of target chemicals varied considerably among locations (Lake Shihwa, Masan Bay, and Kwangyang Bay) and between inland and coastal areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) of contaminants measured in sediments showed that all of the inland locations from Lake Shihwa were highly contaminated, and the variations among locations were explained predominantly by the distribution of alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PCA of PAH congener profiles among locations indicated that automobiles were a major source of PAH contamination. Dioxin-like and estrogenic activities associated with sediment from inland sites were approximately three- and six-fold, respectively, greater than those associated with open bay locations. The target dioxin-like and estrogenic compounds measured in raw extracts of sediments accounted for approximately 20% and 40% of the activities measured in the sediment extracts. The results suggest that a combination of instrumental and bioanalytical measurements of dioxin-like and estrogenic compounds is a valuable approach to screen, identify, and prioritize the risks posed by contaminants in complex environmental matrices. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth & Toxicol, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Cartagena, Environm & Comp Chem Grp, Cartagena, Colombia. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Khim, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jskocean@snu.ac.kr RI Khim, Jong Seong/B-5008-2012; OI Khim, Jong Seong/0000-0001-7977-0929 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 366 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 936IT UT WOS:000229849400008 PM 15922803 ER PT J AU Serveiss, VB Butcher, JB Diamond, J Jones, KC AF Serveiss, VB Butcher, JB Diamond, J Jones, KC TI Improving the TMDL process using watershed risk assessment principles SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE TMDL; ecological risk assessment; watershed; beneficial uses; conceptual model ID ECOLOGICAL RISK; USA AB Ecological risk assessment (ERA) evaluates potential causal relationships between multiple sources and stressors and impacts on valued ecosystem components. ERAs applied at the watershed scale have many similarities to the place-based analyses that are undertaken to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), in which linkages are established between stressors, sources, and water quality standards, including support of designated uses. TMDLs focus on achieving water quality standards associated with attainment of designated uses. In attempting to attain the water quality standard, many TMDLs focus on the stressor of concern rather than the ecological endpoint or indicators of the designated use that the standard is meant to protect, A watershed ecological risk assessment (WERA), at least in theory, examines effects of most likely stressors, as well as their probable sources in the watershed, to prioritize management options that will most likely result in meeting environmental goals or uses. Useful WERA principles that can be applied to TMDL development include: development and use of comprehensive conceptual models in the Problem Identification step of TMDLs; use of a transparent process for selecting Numeric Targets for TMDLs based on assessment endpoints derived from the management goal or designated use under consideration; analysis of co-occurring stressors likely to cause beneficial use impairment based on the conceptual model; use of explicit uncertainty analyses in the Linkage Analysis step of TMDL development; and frequent stakeholder interactions throughout the process. WERA principles are currently most applicable to those TMDLs in which there is no numeric standard and, therefore, indicators and targets need to be developed, such as many nutrient or sediment TMDLs. WERA methods can also be useful in determining TMDL targets in situations where simply targeting the water quality standard may re-attain the numeric criterion but not the broader designated use. Better incorporation of problem formulation principles from WERA into the TMDL development process would be helpful in improving the scientific rigor of TMDLs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. Green Mt Inst Environm Democracy, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Serveiss, VB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM serveiss.victor@epa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0258-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953QB UT WOS:000231093100011 PM 16132454 ER PT J AU Srivastava, RK Nueffer, W Grano, D Khan, S Staudt, JE Jozewicz, W AF Srivastava, RK Nueffer, W Grano, D Khan, S Staudt, JE Jozewicz, W TI Controlling NOx emission from industrial sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Review AB A number of regulatory actions focused on reducing NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources have been taken in the United States in the last decade. These actions include the Acid Rain NOx regulations, the Ozone Transport Commission's NOx Budget Program, and the NOx SIP Call rulemakings. In addition to these regulations, the recent Interstate Air Quality Rulemaking proposal and other bills in the Congress are focusing on additional reductions of NOx Industrial combustion sources accounted for about 18016 of NOx emissions in the United States in 2000 and constituted the second largest emitting source category within stationary sources, only behind electric utility sources. Based on these data, reduction of NOx emissions from industrial combustion sources is an important consideration in efforts undertaken to address the environmental concerns associated with NOx. This paper discusses primary and secondary NOx control technologies applicable to various major categories of industrial sources. The sources considered in this paper include large boilers, furnaces and fired beaters, combustion turbines, large IC engines, and cement kilns. For each source category considered in this paper, primary NOx controls are discussed first, followed by a discussion of secondary NOx controls. (c) 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Andover Technol Partners, N Andover, MA 01845 USA. ARCADIS G&M Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Srivastava, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM srivastava.ravi@epa.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 181 EP 197 DI 10.1002/ep.10063 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941YC UT WOS:000230249100009 ER PT J AU Srivastava, RK Staudt, JE Jozewicz, W AF Srivastava, RK Staudt, JE Jozewicz, W TI Preliminary estimates of performance and cost of mercury emission control technology applications on electric utility boilers: An update SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB The Environmental Protection Agency has recently proposed a reduction in mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants. There are two broad approaches under development to controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired electric utility boilers. (1) powdered activated carbon (PAC) injection; and (2) multipollutant control, in which Hg capture is enhanced in existing and new sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO,), and particulate matter (PM) control devices. To help inform the recent EPA rulemaking proposal, estimates of performance levels and related costs associated with the above mercury control approaches were developed. This work presents these estimates. Estimates of cost for PAC injection range from 0.003 to 3.096 mills/kWb. In general, the higher costs are associated with the plants using spray dryers and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) or plants using hot-side ESPs, which represent a minority of power plants. Excluding these plants, cost estimates range between 0.003 and 1.903 mills/kWh. At the low end of the cost ranges, 0.003 mills/kWb, it is assumed that no additional control technologies are needed, but mercury monitoring will be necessary. In these cases, high mercury removal may be the result of the type of NO, and SO2 control measures currently used, such as combinations of selective catalytic reduction and wet flue gas desulfurization or spray drier absorbers with fabric filters on bituminous coal-fired boilers. Because mercury control approaches are under development at present, cost and performance estimates are preliminary and are expected to be refined as mercury control technologies are matured to commercial status. Factors that may affect the performance of these technologies include speciation of mercury in flue gas, the characteristics of the sorbent, and the type(s) of PM, NOx, and SO, controls used. The effect of these factors may not be entirely accounted for in the data points that form the basis for this work. Ongoing research is expected to address these issues. (c) 2005 American Institute of Chemical. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Andover Technol Partners, N Andover, MA 01845 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Srivastava, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 198 EP 213 DI 10.1002/ep.10057 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941YC UT WOS:000230249100010 ER PT J AU West, JJ Fiore, AM AF West, JJ Fiore, AM TI Management of tropospheric ozone by reducing methane emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; KYOTO PROTOCOL; AIR; STRATOSPHERE; POLLUTION; IMPACT; POLICY; SERIES AB Background concentrations of tropospheric ozone are increasing and are sensitive to methane emissions, yet methane mitigation is currently considered only for climate change. Methane control is shown here to be viable for ozone management. Identified global abatement measures can reduce similar to 10% of anthropogenic methane emissions at a cost-savings, decreasing surface ozone by 0.4-0.7 ppb. Methane controls produce ozone reductions that are widespread globally and are realized gradually (similar to 12 yr). In contrast, controls on nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) target high-ozone episodes in polluted regions and affect ozone rapidly but have a smaller climate benefit. A coarse estimate of the monetized global benefits of ozone reductions for agriculture, forestry, and human health (neglecting ozone mortality) justifies reducing similar to 17% of global anthropogenic methane emissions. If implemented, these controls would decrease ozone by similar to 1 ppb and radiative forcing by similar to 0.12 W m(-2). We also find that climate-motivated methane reductions have air quality-related ancillary benefits comparable to those for CO(2). Air quality planning should consider reducing methane emissions alongside NOx and NMVOCs, and because the benefits of methane controls are shared internationally, industrialized nations should consider emphasizing methane in the further development of climate change or ozone policies. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Amer Assoc Adv Sci Environm Fellow, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 411A Robertson Hall,Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jwest@princeton.edu RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4685 EP 4691 DI 10.1021/es048629f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500014 PM 16053064 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Zhang, GF Luke, WT Mcclenny, WA Stutz, J Fried, A AF Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Zhang, GF Luke, WT Mcclenny, WA Stutz, J Fried, A TI Summertime ambient formaldehyde in five US metropolitan areas: Nashville, Atlanta, Houston, Philadelphia, and Tampa SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; DIFFUSION SCRUBBER; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; TENNESSEE OZONE; WAVE-GUIDE; PART 2 AB First, we briefly review the atmospheric chemistry and previous intercomparison measurements for HCHO, with special reference to the diffusion scrubber Hantzsch reaction based fluorescence instrument used in the field studies reported herein. Then we discuss summertime HCHO levels in five major U.S. cities measured over 1999-2002, primarily from ground-based measurements. Land-sea breeze circulations play a major role in observed concentrations in coastal cities. Very high HCHO peak mixing ratios were observed in Houston (> 47 ppb) where the overall median mixing ratio was 3.3 ppb; the corresponding values in Atlanta were similar to > 18 and 7.9 ppb, respectively. The peak and median mixing ratios (9.3 and 2.3 ppb) were the lowest for Tampa, where the land-sea breeze also played an important role. In several cities, replicate HCHO measurements were made by direct spectroscopic instruments; the instruments were located kilometers from each other and addressed very different heights (e.g., 106 vs 10 IT). Even under these conditions, there was remarkable qualitative and often quantitative agreement between the different instruments, when they were all sampling the same air mass within a short period of each other. Local chemistry dominates how HCHO is formed and dissipated. The high concentrations in Houston resulted from emissions near the ship channel; the same formaldehyde plume was measured at two sites and clearly ranged over tens of kilometers. Local micrometeorology is another factor. HCHO patterns measured at a high-rise site in downtown Nashville were very much in synchrony with other ground sites 12 km away until July 4 celebrations whence HCHO concentrations at the downtown site remained elevated for several days and nights. The formation and dissipation of HCHO in the different cities are discussed in terms of other concurrently measured species and meteorological vectors. The vertical profiles of HCHO in and around Tampa under several different atmospheric conditions are presented. The extensive data set represented in this paper underscores that urban HCHO measurements can now be made easily; the agreement between disparate instruments (that are independently calibrated or rely on the absolute absorption cross section) further indicates that such measurements can be done reliably and accurately for this very important atmospheric species. The data set presented here can be used as a benchmark for future measurements if the use of formaldehyde precursors such as methanol or methyl tert-butyl ether (IVITBE) as oxygenated fuel additives increases in the future. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Dasgupta, PK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Sandyd@ttu.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 76 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4767 EP 4783 DI 10.1021/es048327d PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500024 PM 16053074 ER PT J AU Pepich, BV Prakash, B Domino, MM Dattilio, TA Munch, DJ Price, EK AF Pepich, BV Prakash, B Domino, MM Dattilio, TA Munch, DJ Price, EK TI Development of US EPA method 527 for the analysis of selected pesticides and flame retardants in the UCMR survey SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; RIVER; ENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENTS; PBDES; FISH AB Method 527 was developed to address the occurrence monitoring needs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under its second unregulated contaminant monitoring rule (UCMR 2). This method includes a wide range of semivolatile organic contaminants, including pesticides that were deferred during the first UCMR, flame retardants, and pyrethroid pesticides. This paper discusses the rationale for selection and inclusion of the various contaminants included in Method 527 and describes the challenges associated with developing analytical methods that will be used for the occurrence monitoring of such a diverse group of organic molecules. Method 527 employs solid-phase extraction with analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The final method preservation scheme requires the storage of samples in amber bottles buffered at pH 3.8 using citric acid to prevent degradation from acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and from UV light. Citric acid is also an effective antimicrobial reagent, preventing this mode of loss during storage. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is added to remove transition metals such as copper, which was determined to degrade target analytes upon storage. Finally, free available chlorine (FAC), which is present in many finished waters and found to degrade a number of the targets, is removed using ascorbic acid. The final method meets all of the EPA UCMR survey requirements for sample storage, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity and will be proposed for use under the UCMR 2. C1 Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Teledyne Tekmar, Mason, OH 45040 USA. RP Pepich, BV (reprint author), Shaw Environm Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pepich.barry@epa.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4996 EP 5004 DI 10.1021/es050374y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500052 PM 16053102 ER PT J AU Yoo, JI Shinagawa, T Wood, JP Linak, WP Santoianni, DA King, CJ Seo, YC Wendt, JOL AF Yoo, JI Shinagawa, T Wood, JP Linak, WP Santoianni, DA King, CJ Seo, YC Wendt, JOL TI High-temperature sorption of cesium and strontium on dispersed kaolinite powders SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWIRL FLAME INCINERATOR; LEAD CAPTURE; METALS; SORBENTS; CADMIUM; AEROSOL; VITRIFICATION; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; FURNACE AB Sorption of cesium and strontium on kaolinite powders was investigated as a means to minimize the emissions of these metals during certain high-temperature processes currently being developed to isolate and dispose of radiological and mixed wastes. In this work, nonradioactive aqueous cesium acetate or strontium acetate was atomized down the center of a natural gas flame supported on a variable-swirl burner in a refractory-lined laboratory-scale combustion facility. Kaolinite powder was injected at a postflame location in the combustor. Cesium readily vaporized in the high-temperature regions of the combustor, but was reactively scavenged onto dispersed kaolinite. Global sorption mechanisms of cesium vapor on kaolinite were quantified, and are related to those available in the literature for sodium and lead. Both metal adsorption and substrate deactivation steps are important, so there is an optimum temperature, between 1400 and 1500 K, at which maximum sorption occurs. The presence of chlorine inhibits cesium sorption. In contrast to cesium, and in the absence of chlorine, strontium was only partially vaporized and was, therefore, only partially scavengeable. The strontium data did not allow quantification of global kinetic mechanisms of interaction, although equilibrium arguments provided insight into the effects of chlorine on strontium sorption. These results have implications for the use of sorbents to control cesium and strontium emissions during high-temperature waste processing including incineration and vitrification. C1 US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Mangement Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. ARCADIS G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Wonju 220710, South Korea. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Linak, WP (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Mangement Protect Agcy, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. EM linak.bill@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 5087 EP 5094 DI 10.1021/es048064n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941WS UT WOS:000230245500064 PM 16053114 ER PT J AU Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Gundersen, JL Perron, MM Ryba, SA AF Burgess, RM Pelletier, MC Gundersen, JL Perron, MM Ryba, SA TI Effects of different forms of organic carbon on the partitioning and bioavailability of nonylphenol SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nonylphenol; organic carbon; partitioning; polarity; bioavailability ID SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATES; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; SORPTION; 4-NONYLPHENOL; ETHOXYLATES; MATTER; CONTAMINANTS; PERSISTENCE AB Oxygenated nonpolar organic contaminants (NOCs) are Underrepresented in studies of the partitioning and bioavailability of NOCs. including nonylphenol. In this investigation, we evaluated the toxicity, partitioning, and bioavailability of nonylphenol as affected by different forms of organic carbon. Along with organic carbon content, the role of organic carbon polarity was assessed. Toxicity of nonylphenol to a mysid and amphipod was comparable to results reported in the literature for marine organisms with median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 82.3 and 236 mu g/L, respectively. The presence of the different forms of organic carbon in every instance altered, often statistically significantly, the toxicity and bioavailability of the nonylphenol and increased the LC50 by approximately a factor of two. Partition coefficients (K(p)s) for nonylphenol ranged from 21.3 for cellulose to 9,770 for humic acid: log organic carbon-normalized partition coefficients (K(OC)s) ranged from 1.71 for cellulose to 4.71 for sediment. An exercise to predict nonylphenol effects using our toxicity data and normalized partition coefficients indicated organic carbon content was most protective and also highlighted the need for further research to better understand nonylphenol bioavailability. These data suggested that with regard to partitioning and bioavailability, the oxygenated NOC nonylphenol behaves like conventional NOCs. The data also suggest that. with refinements, polarity may have some advantages in predicting nonylphenol bioavailability. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, Analyt Serv & Qual Assurance Branch, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM burgess.robert@epa.gov NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1609 EP 1617 DI 10.1897/04-445R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 937XU UT WOS:000229960700005 PM 16050576 ER PT J AU Brown, CA Jackson, GA Holt, SA Holt, GJ AF Brown, CA Jackson, GA Holt, SA Holt, GJ TI Spatial and temporal patterns in modeled particle transport to estuarine habitat with comparisons to larval fish settlement patterns SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sciaenops ocellatus; red drum; fish larvae; larval transport; estuary; Texas; nursery habitat; modeling ID DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; SUBTROPICAL SEAGRASS MEADOWS; RED DRUM; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; NURSERY AREAS; DEMERSAL FISH; ARANSAS PASS; RECRUITMENT; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Larval fish settlement in estuarine nursery areas is the end result of numerous biological and physical processes. We used a numerical circulation model coupled to a particle transport model to examine the role that physics play in determining settlement patterns of red drum larvae (Sciaenops ocellatus) in nursery habitat along the Texas coast. We examined supply at various spatial scales (supply to inlet, bays, and individual settlement sites). Temporal patterns in larval settlement in Aransas Bay, Texas, are correlated with several indices of modeled particle supply (number of particles inside the bays, integrated particle input to Lydia Ann Channel, and cumulative number of competent particles in Lydia Ann Channel). High abundances of recently settled red drum in Aransas Bay result from a combination of high larval input, limited habitat for settlement, and proximity of habitat to the inlet. In contrast, larval settlement in Corpus Christi and Redfish Bays does not appear to be related to modeled measures of larval supply. Modeled particle supply at the bay-scale suggests that difference in the abundance of recently settled red drum between the bays may be related to larval supply normalized by the amount available settlement habitat within the bay. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin Marine Sci Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Brown, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM brown.cheryl@epa.gov NR 37 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 64 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.004 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 942QN UT WOS:000230297000004 ER PT J AU Kleeberger, SR AF Kleeberger, SR TI Genetic aspects of pulmonary responses to inhaled pollutants SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Experimental Assessment of the Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Complex Mixtures on the Respiratory Systems CY APR 23-25, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Univ Valencia, Fac Med, European Soc Pathol, Catalunya Canc AECC DE air pollution; susceptibility factors; genetic factors; quantitative analysis; mapping technologies; human and mouse genomes ID OZONE-INDUCED INFLAMMATION; INDUCED LUNG INFLAMMATION; AIR-POLLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; RECEPTOR 4; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPOSURE; MICE AB Air pollution continues to be a major public health concern in industrialized cities throughout the world. Recent population and epidemiological studies that have associated ozone and particulate exposures with morbidity and mortality outcomes underscore the important detrimental effects of these pollutants on the lung. Inter-individual variation in human responses to air pollutants suggests that some subpopulations are at increased risk to the detrimental effects of pollutant exposure, and it has become clear that genetic background is an important susceptibility factor. Environmental exposures to inhaled pollutants and genetic factors associated with disease risk likely interact in a complex fashion that varies from one population to another. The relationships between the genetic background and disease risk and severity is often evaluated through traditional family-based linkage studies and positional cloning techniques. Case-control studies based on association of disease or disease subphenotypes with candidate genes may have certain advantages over family pedigree studies, and have become useful for understanding complex disease phenotypes. This is based in part on continued development of quantitative analysis and development of mapping technologies. Linkage analyses with genetically standardized animal models are useful to identify genetic determinants of host responses to environmental stimuli. For example, linkage analyses using inbred mice have identified chromosomal segments (quantitative trait loci, QTL) that contain genes that control susceptibility to the lung inflammatory and immune dysfunction responses to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, zinc oxide, and sulfate-associated particles. Candidate genes within the pollutant susceptibility QTLs have been tested for proof-of-concept using gene-targeting and overexpression models. Importantly, significant homology exists between the human and mouse genomes. Therefore, comparative mapping between the human and mouse genomes should yield candid ate susceptibility genes that may be tested by association studies in humans. The combined human studies and mouse modeling will provide important insight to understanding genetic factors that contribute to differential susceptibility to pollutants in human populations. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kleeberger, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,Rm D240, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kleeber1@niehs.nih.gov NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 57 SU 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2005.05.017 PG 7 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 954KL UT WOS:000231153900011 PM 16092722 ER PT J AU Devlin, RB Frampton, ML Ghio, AJ AF Devlin, RB Frampton, ML Ghio, AJ TI In vitro studies: What is their role in toxicology? SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Experimental Assessment of the Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Complex Mixtures on the Respiratory Systems CY APR 23-25, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Univ Valencia, Fac Med, European Soc Pathol, Catalunya Canc AECC DE inhaled environmental pollutants; particles; in vitro toxicology; advantages; limitations; mechanisms ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; UTAH VALLEY; POLLUTION AB Many epidemiology studies have reported associations between inhaled environmental pollutants, especially particles, and mortality or morbidity. Despite these impressive associations, fundamental uncertainties exist as to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for mortality or morbidity following exposure to air pollutants. In vitro toxicology provides a powerful approach to describe these mechanisms at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular level. This manuscript will describe some advantages and limitations of in vitro toxicology studies in comparison with epidemiology studies, and human and animal exposure studies. A recent example will also be presented which demonstrates that the response of cultured cells to air pollution particles is similar to the response seen following in vivo exposure to the same particles. This coherence between an in vivo and in vitro response provides relevance to additional in vitro studies that characterize the mechanisms by which these particles cause adverse health effects. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med & Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Devlin, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devlin.robert@epa.gov NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 57 SU 1 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2005.05.018 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 954KL UT WOS:000231153900015 PM 16092726 ER PT J AU Salazar, MK Keifer, M Negrete, M Estrada, F Synder, K AF Salazar, MK Keifer, M Negrete, M Estrada, F Synder, K TI Occupational risk among orchard workers - A descriptive study SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hispanic farmworkers; occupational injury; orchard workers ID PATTERNS; INJURY AB Orchard workers are exposed to an array of occupational health and safety hazards that result in injury, illness, and, in some cases, death. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and explore factors that contribute to occupational risks related to orchard work. Twenty-five Hispanic orchard workers were interviewed. They reported that the most common type of accident was falls, usually from a ladder; and the most common injuries were strains and sprains. Three broad categories of factors that contributed to the occurrence of such injuries were Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors; Work-Related Factors; and Factors External to Work. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Psychosocial & Community Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Pacific NW Agr Safety & Hlth Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US EPA, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Salazar, MK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Psychosocial & Community Hlth, POB 357263, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM msalazar@u.washington.edu FU PHS HHS [0H-01-004] NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 936VH UT WOS:000229883000005 PM 15958882 ER PT J AU Jensen, LW Ibeanusi, VM Grab, DA AF Jensen, LW Ibeanusi, VM Grab, DA TI Radionuclide biological remediation resource guide SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S1 EP S2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900002 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS AF Puskin, JS TI BEIR VII impact on EPA risk estimates and radiation protection standards and guidelines SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900124 ER PT J AU Shroff, B Wood, R Williams, D AF Shroff, B Wood, R Williams, D TI CAP88-PC Version 3 update SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, HQ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900101 ER PT J AU Walker, SA AF Walker, SA TI Superfund program radiation lead. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Boyds, MD 20841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900227 ER PT J AU Stram, DL Kincaid, CR Campbell, DE AF Stram, DL Kincaid, CR Campbell, DE TI Water quality modeling in the Rio Chone estuary SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Regional Estuarine and Coastal Systems of the Americas (RECSA) CY 2001 CL Mar del Plata, ARGENTINA SP Int Assoc Phys Sci Oceans, Int Assoc Biol Oceanog DE estuarine modeling; shrimp mariculture; biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN); inverse estuary; mangrove conversion; Latin America; Ecuador; Rio Chone ID DISCHARGE CONCENTRATION; MANGROVE SEDIMENTS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; LAGOON; EFFLUENTS; TRANSPORT; AMMONIA; DENITRIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PREDICTIONS AB Water quality within the Rio Chone estuary, a seasonally inverse, tropical estuary, in Ecuador was characterized by modeling the distribution of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) within the water column. These two variables are modeled using modified advection-diffusion equations within a two-dimensional, laterally-averaged hydrodynamic model. The model includes sources of salt, BOD and DIN from shrimp mariculture ponds in the region surrounding the estuary. The model was successful in simulating seasonal concentrations in DIN and BOD over a range in source concentrations. Seasonal BOD measurements along the length of the estuary were coincident with dissolved oxygen concentrations in the estuary (high BOD generally corresponding to low dissolved oxygen). Results suggest that the citing of shrimp ponds near the head of the estuary should be avoided in order maintain estuarine water quality and to maximize production. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Stram, DL (reprint author), N Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave,Suite 306, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM Diana.Stram@noaa.gov NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 797 EP 810 DI 10.2112/011-NIS.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 950HS UT WOS:000230848800016 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Sheldon, LS Croghan, CW Jones, PA Robertson, GL Chuang, JC Wilson, NK Lyu, CW AF Morgan, MK Sheldon, LS Croghan, CW Jones, PA Robertson, GL Chuang, JC Wilson, NK Lyu, CW TI Exposures of preschool children to chlorpyrifos and its degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in their everyday environments SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preschool children; homes; day care centers; chlorpyrifos; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; media ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; METABOLITE; RISKS AB As part of the Children's Total Exposure to Persistent Pesticides and Other Persistent Organic Pollutants (CTEPP) study, we investigated the exposures of preschool children to chlorpyrifos and its degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in their everyday environments. During this study, the participants were still able to purchase and apply chlorpyrifos at their homes or day care centers. Participants were recruited randomly from 129 homes and 13 day care centers in six North Carolina counties. Monitoring was performed over a 48-h period at the children's homes and/or day care centers. Samples that were collected included duplicate plate, indoor and outdoor air, urine, indoor floor dust, play area soil, transferable residues (PUF roller), and surface wipes (hand, food preparation, and hard floor). The samples were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chlorpyrifos was detected in 100% of the indoor air and indoor floor dust samples from homes and day care centers. TCP was detected at homes and day care centers in 100% of the indoor floor dust and hard floor surface wipe, in > 97% of the solid food, and in > 95% of the indoor air samples. Generally, median levels of chlorpyrifos were higher than those of TCP in all media, except for solid food samples. For these samples, the median TCP concentrations were 12 and 29 times higher than the chlorpyrifos concentrations at homes and day care centers, respectively. The median urinary TCP concentration for the preschool children was 5.3 ng/ml and the maximum value was 104 ng/ml. The median potential aggregate absorbed dose (ng/kg/day) of chlorpyrifos for these preschool children was estimated to be 3 ng/kg/day. The primary route of exposure to chlorpyrifos was through dietary intake, followed by inhalation. The median potential aggregate absorbed dose of TCP for these children was estimated to be 38 ng/kg/day, and dietary intake was the primary route of exposure. The median excreted amount of urinary TCP for these children was estimated to be 117 ng/kg/day. A full regression model of the relationships among chlorpyrifos and TCP for the children in the home group explained 23% of the variability of the urinary TCP concentrations by the three routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption) to chlorpyrifos and TCP. However, a final reduced model via step- wise regression retained only chlorpyrifos through the inhalation route and explained 22% of the variability of TCP in the children's urine. The estimated potential aggregate absorbed doses of chlorpyrifos through the inhalation route were low (median value, 0.8 ng/kg/day) and could not explain most of the excreted amounts of urinary TCP. This suggested that there were other possible sources and pathways of exposure that contributed to the estimated potential aggregate absorbed doses of these children to chlorpyrifos and TCP. One possible pathway of exposure that was not accounted for fully is through the children's potential contacts with contaminated surfaces at homes and day care centers. In addition, other pesticides such as chlorpyrifos-methyl may have also contributed to the levels of TCP in the urine. Future studies should include additional surface measurements in their estimation of potential absorbed doses of preschool children to environmental pollutants. In conclusion, the results showed that the preschool children were exposed to chlorpyrifos and TCP from several sources, through several pathways and routes. C1 US EPA, NERL, HEASD, EMAB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, HEASD, EMAB, MDE205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov NR 35 TC 136 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500406 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 953KZ UT WOS:000231076500002 PM 15367928 ER PT J AU Belke, JC Dietrich, DY AF Belke, JC Dietrich, DY TI The post-Bhopal and post-9/11 transformations in chemical emergency prevention and response policy in the United States SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Bhopal Gas Tragedy and Its Effect on Process Safety CY DEC 01-03, 2004 CL Indian Inst Technol, Kanpur, INDIA HO Indian Inst Technol DE chemical accidents; prevention; response; terrorism; regulation AB The United States' approach to incident prevention and response to hazardous chemical facilities has undergone two major transformations in the last 20 years. The first was triggered by the Bhopal tragedy in 1984, which led to major changes within the US chemical industry and a series of Federal laws and regulations intended to prevent major chemical accidents. A more recent transformation is currently underway in the wake of the 9/11 attacks on New York and Washington. It involves the advent of various security-related requirements affecting many of the same facilities covered under the existing accident prevention rules. This paper provides an overview of these transformations and their impacts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Belke, JC (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,Mail Code 5104A, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM belke.jim@epa.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD JUL-NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4-6 SI SI BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.jlp.2005.06.020 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 972IT UT WOS:000232448200025 ER PT J AU Freeman, J Modarres, R AF Freeman, J Modarres, R TI Efficiency of test for independence after Box-Cox transformation SO JOURNAL OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE bivariate non-normal variables; Box-Cox transformation; Pitman's efficiency; power; independence ID NORMALITY AB We consider the efficiency and the power of the normal theory test for independence after a Box-Cox transformation. We obtain an expression for the correlation between the variates after a Box-Cox transformation in terms of the correlation on the normal scale. We discuss the efficiency of test of independence after a Box-Cox transformation and show that for the family considered it is always more efficient to conduct the test of independence based on Pearson correlation coefficient after transformation to normality. Power of test of independence before and after a Box-Cox transformation is studied for a finite sample size using Monte Carlo simulation. Our results show that we can increase the power of the normal-theory test for independence after estimating the transformation parameter from the data. The procedure has application for generating non-negative random variables with prescribed correlation. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Modarres, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, 2201 G St,NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM reza@gwu.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495, UNITED STATES SN 0047-259X J9 J MULTIVARIATE ANAL JI J. Multivar. Anal. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jmva.2004.08.005 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 934ID UT WOS:000229701600007 ER PT J AU Lee, JG Heaney, JP Lai, FH AF Lee, JG Heaney, JP Lai, FH TI Optimization of integrated urban wet-weather control strategies SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID STORM-WATER MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB An optimization method for urban wet-weather control (WWC) strategies is presented. The developed optimization model can be used to determine the most cost-effective strategies for the combination of centralized storage-release systems and distributed on-site WWC alternatives. The two major components of the model are an objective function that evaluates the cost of a given option and a process simulator that describes the production function. The data for developing the production function are generated by running process simulation models that provide estimates of performance for specified values of the inputs. In earlier research, a prespecified number of simulations were run and then an analytical function was fitted to the database. Typically, the fitted function did not approximate the data well, and manual graphical procedures or numerical analysis software had to be used to approximate the response surface. This paper presents a much improved version of this approach wherein an optimizer is used to direct the simulation process toward the optimal solution. Even more important, the results can be extended from three-dimensional problems to n-dimensional problems. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Lee, JG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Joong.Lee@Colorado.edu; heaney@ufl.edu; lai.dennis@epa.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 4 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:4(307) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 940DK UT WOS:000230123700007 ER PT J AU Jayachandran, M Karnicki, K Miller, RS Owen, WG Korach, KS Miller, VM AF Jayachandran, M Karnicki, K Miller, RS Owen, WG Korach, KS Miller, VM TI Platelet characteristics change with aging: role of estrogen receptor beta SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; EXPRESSION; AGGREGATION; POPULATION; DISORDERS; GENE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; MEGAKARYOCYTES; ASSOCIATION AB Estrogen receptor beta (PER) is the predominant estrogen receptor in platelets. Experiments were designed to define phenotypic changes in platelets with aging following deletion of beta ER (beta ERKO). Blood was collected from wild-type and beta ERKO female mice at 4-7 (young) and 24-25 (aged) months of age. In young animals, total number of platelets, number of platelets containing RNA (reticulated platelets), aggregation, dense body adenosine triphosphate secretion, and alpha granular secretion were the same in both groups. With aging, total number of platelets decreased but reticulated platelets increased in beta ERKO mice; aggregation and dense granule adenosine triphosphate secretion decreased whereas basal expression of fibrinogen receptors increased with age in wild-type and beta ERKO mice. Basal expression of P-selectin and annexin V binding increased with aging only in beta ERKO mice; thrombin did not increase expression in these mice. Therefore, deletion of beta ER is associated with specific platelet functions, which are expressed only with age-associated reproductive senescence. C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Hematol Res Sect, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Miller, VM (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Surg, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM miller.virginia@mayo.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL51736] NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 60 IS 7 BP 815 EP 819 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 951TC UT WOS:000230952900001 PM 16079202 ER PT J AU Lim, SY Loewke, J Doherty, JD Salem, N AF Lim, SY Loewke, J Doherty, JD Salem, N TI Preferential effect of lead exposure during lactation on non-essential fatty acids in maternal organs SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; DIETARY LEAD; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; LIVER; PEROXIDATION; MEMBRANE; RODENTS; LIPIDS AB This study determined the effects of lead exposure during the lactational period on maternal organ FA compositions in rat dams that were fed either an n-3 adequate (n-3 Adq) or deficient (n-3 Def) diet prior to conception. On giving birth, dams were subdivided into four groups in a 2 x 2 design with n-3 FA supply and Pb exposure as the dependent variables. Pb acetate (0.2 wt%) was administered in the drinking water from the time they gave birth to weaning 3 wk later. Following weaning, the dams were decapitated. and the liver, plasma, kidney, brain, and retina analyzed for FA composition. The n-3 deficient diets markedly decreased the percentages of total n-3 FA, including docosahexaenoic acid (DNA), and increased total n-6 FA including both arachidonic (AA) and n-6 docosapentaenoic acids in all tissues (P < 0.05). The principal effects of Pb occurred in the liver and plasma, where 20-32% losses in total FA concentration concurrent with increased relative percentages of AA (P < 0.05) were observed. In kidney, the percentages of AA and DHA also increased after Pb exposure (P < 0.05) with lesser effects in the nervous system. There was a diet x Pb interaction for liver, plasma, and retinal 20-C n-6 PUFA (P < 0.05). Generally, shorter-chain saturated and monounsaturated FA concentrations were decreased after Pb exposure. An analysis of the changes in the tissue concentrations induced by Pb indicated that the increases in the percentages of PUFA likely reflected a preferential loss of non-EFA. The mechanisms by which Pb affects saturated and monounsaturated FA concentration are unknown. C1 NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Korea Maritime Univ, Div Marine Environm & Biosci, Pusan, South Korea. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP 5625 Fishers Ln,Room 3N-07,MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nsalem@niaaa.nih.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 EI 1558-9307 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 685 EP 693 DI 10.1007/s11745-005-1431-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 960OS UT WOS:000231603600005 PM 16196419 ER PT J AU Genthner, FJ James, JB Yates, DF Friedman, SD AF Genthner, FJ James, JB Yates, DF Friedman, SD TI Use of composite data sets for source-tracking enterococci in the water column and shoreline interstitial waters on Pensacola Beach, Florida SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Enterococcus faecalis; bacterial source-tracking; swash zone; fecal indicator bacteria; Florida ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDICATOR BACTERIA; FECAL INDICATOR; IDENTIFICATION; ENUMERATION; SANITARY; QUALITY; PCR AB Sources of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Pensacola Beach, FL. were identified using a library-based approach by applying the statistical method of average similarity to single and composite data sets generated from separate analyses. Data sets included antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA), rep-fingerprints, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Use of a composite data set composed of ARA and rep-fingerprints, added to the confidence of the identifications. The addition of FAME data to composite data sets did not add to the confidence of identifications. Source identification was performed to better understand risk associated with higher densities of enterococci found in swash zone interstitial water (SZIW) as compared to adjacent bathing water on Pensacola Beach, FL. The "swash zone" is that area of the beach continually washed over by waves. As the potential sources of enterococci were limited in this environment, only two library units, sea gull and human, were constructed. Identification of the beach isolates using a composite data set indicated a sea gull origin. The clonality of the beach isolates suggested that the beach environment selects certain subspecies of E. faecalis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM genthner.fred@epa.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 50 IS 7 BP 724 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.026 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 947EO UT WOS:000230626400013 PM 15993139 ER PT J AU Olden, K White, SL AF Olden, K White, SL TI Health-related disparities: Influence of environmental factors SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CANCER INCIDENCE; POLYMORPHISMS; GENE; DISEASE; SEQUENCE; GENOME; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION; AMERICANS; FINLAND AB There is substantial evidence showing differences in frequency in various environmental response genes, which play a role in susceptibility for disease or adverse health outcomes from exposure to drugs or environmental xenobiotics. The prediction is that disparities in health in the United States grow because of two converging phenomena: growth of minority populations and expansion of the ranks of poverty. Tinkering with genes either to cure a disease or to correct predispositions will likely be less successful and more costly than primary prevention efforts that emphasize environmental protection and remediation. C1 US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Olden, K (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM olden@niehs.nih.gov NR 42 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0025-7125 EI 1557-9859 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 4 BP 721 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mcna.2005.02.001 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 938WU UT WOS:000230034900002 PM 15925646 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TL Monzavi-Karbassi, B Kieber-Emmons, T AF Whitehead, Tracy L. Monzavi-Karbassi, Behjatolah Kieber-Emmons, Thomas TI H-1-NMR metabonomics analysis of sera differentiates between mammary tumor-bearing mice and healthy controls SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; metabonomics; H-1-NMR spectroscopy AB Global analysis of H-1-NMR spectra of serum is an appealing approach for the rapid detection of cancer. To evaluate the usefulness of this method in distinguishing between mammary tumor-bearing mice and healthy controls, we conducted H-1-NMR metabonomic analyses on serum samples obtained from the following: 10 mice inoculated with a highly-metastatic mammary carcinoma cell line, 10 mice inoculated with a "normally" metastatic mammary carcinoma cell line, and 10 healthy controls. Following standard spectral processing and subsequent data reduction, we applied unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine if unique metabolic fingerprints for different categories of metastatic breast cancer in serum exist. The PCA method correctly separated sera of tumor-bearing mice from that of normal healthy controls, as shown using the scores plot which indicated that sera classes from tumor-bearing mice did not share multivariate space with that from healthy controls. In addition, this technique was capable of distinguishing between classes of varying metastatic ability in this system. Metabolites apparently responsible for separation between diseased and healthy mice include lactate, taurine, choline, and sugar moieties. Results of this study suggest that H-1-NMR spectra of mouse serum analyzed using PCA statistical methods indicate separation of tumor-bearing mice from healthy normal controls, justifying further study of the use of H-1-NMR metabonomics for cancer detection using serum. C1 [Whitehead, Tracy L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Monzavi-Karbassi, Behjatolah; Kieber-Emmons, Thomas] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Canc Res Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Monzavi-Karbassi, Behjatolah; Kieber-Emmons, Thomas] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pathol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Whitehead, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM whitehead.tracy@epa.gov FU American Cancer Society [271/G1-11262-01E]; NIH [CA089480]; Department of Defense Breast Cancer Initiative [DAMD17-01-1-0366] FX This work was supported in part by an American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant (271/G1-11262-01E) (TLW), by CA089480 from NIH (TKE) and Department of Defense Breast Cancer Initiative-DAMD17-01-1-0366 (TKE). NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s11306-005-0006-y PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA V63QO UT WOS:000204301800006 ER PT J AU Moser, VC AF Moser, VC TI Response to open commentary, "validity and utility of geotaxis" by Motz and Alberts SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; DEVELOPING RATS; NEUROTOXICITY; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div MD B105 04, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Neurotoxicol Div MD B105 04, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 539 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.06.004 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 958XT UT WOS:000231482200003 PM 16033707 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC Farmer, JD Jarema, KA Chernoff, N AF MacPhail, RC Farmer, JD Jarema, KA Chernoff, N TI Nicotine effects on the activity of mice exposed prenatally to the nicotinic agonist anatoxin-a SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity; antitoxin-a; cyanobacteria; mice; nicotine ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; ADULT MICE; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; PERMANENT CHANGES; POTENT AGONIST; FETAL NICOTINE; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; (+)-ANATOXIN-A; MOUSE AB Antitoxin-a is a nicotinic agonist produced by several genera of cyanobacteria, and has caused numerous deaths of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals world-wide. Several studies in the literature have shown that exposure of mice and rats to nicotine early in development alters its effects when the rodents are subsequently challenged with nicotine. We therefore determined the effect of nicotine on the motor activity of adult mice that had been exposed prenatally to antitoxin-a. Pregnant CD-I mice received either saline vehicle or one of two doses of (+/-) antitoxin-a (125, 200 ug/kg), i.p., on GD13-17. As adults (8 months), control mice of both genders were used to determine the effect of nicotine (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) on motor activity measured for 30-min in a photocell device. Under these conditions, nicotine produced dose-related decreases in both horizontal and vertical activity, with an ED50 estimated to be 0.65 mg/kg. Next, additional control mice and mice exposed prenatally to antitoxin-a received the nicotine ED50 and saline vehicle, in a counterbalanced fashion, with one week separating treatments. Nicotine decreased both horizontal and vertical activity in all mice, regardless of prenatal antitoxin-a treatment. Thus, no enduring effects of prenatal antitoxin-a were obtained in adult mice following nicotine challenge. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP MacPhail, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM macphail.robert@epa.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.05.004 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 958XT UT WOS:000231482200011 PM 15975764 ER PT J AU Foster, TE Brooks, JR AF Foster, TE Brooks, JR TI Functional groups based on leaf physiology: are they spatially and temporally robust? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Florida scrub; carbon; nitrogen; gas exchange measurements; mechanical treatment ID CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; GAS-EXCHANGE; QUERCUS-GEMINATA; GLOBAL CHANGE; LIFE-SPAN; ECOSYSTEM; VEGETATION; PLANTS; FORESTS; SCRUB AB The functional grouping concept, which suggests that complexity in ecosystem function can be simplified by grouping species with similar responses, was tested in the Florida scrub habitat. Functional groups were identified based on how species regulate exchange of carbon and water with the atmosphere as indicated by both instantaneous gas exchange measurements and integrated measures of function (%N, delta(13)C, delta(15)N, C:N ratio) in fire-maintained Florida scrub, which was considered the natural state for scrub habitat. Using cluster analysis, five distinct physiologically based functional groups were identified in the fire-maintained scrub and were determined to be distinct clusters and not just arbitrary divisions in a continuous distribution by the non-parametric multivariate analysis of similarities (ANOSIM; R=0.649, P=0.005). These functional groups were tested for robustness spatially, temporally, and with management regime using ANOSIM. The physiological functional groups remained distinct clusters in this broader array of sites (R=0.794, P=0.001) and were not altered by plot differences, primarily, water table depth (R=-0.115, P=0.893) or by the three different management regimes: prescribed burn, mechanically treated and burned, and fire-suppressed (R=0.0 18, P=0.349). The physiological groupings also remained robust between the two climatically different years, with 1999 being a much wetter year than 2000 (R=-0.027, P=0.725). Easy-to-measure morphological characteristics, if they indicate the same functional groups, would be more practical for scaling and modeling ecosystem processes than detailed gas exchange measurements; therefore, we tested a variety of morphological characteristics as functional indicators. A combination of non-parametric multivariate techniques were used to compare the ability of life form, leaf thickness (LT), and specific leaf area (SLA) classifications to identify the physiologically based functional groups. Life form classifications (ANOSIM; R=0.629, P=0.001) were able to depict the physiological groupings more adequately than either SLA (ANOSIM; R=0.426, P=0.001) or LT (ANOSIM; R=0.344, P=0.001). The ability of life forms to depict the physiological groupings was improved by separating the parasitic Ximenia americana from the shrub category (ANOSIM; R=0.794, P=0.001). Therefore, a life form classification including parasites was determined to be a good indicator of the physiological processes of scrub species and would be a useful method of grouping species for scaling physiological processes to the ecosystem level. C1 Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Foster, TE (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Mailcode DYN-2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM fostete@kscems.ksc.nasa.gov OI Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 NR 60 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 144 IS 3 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0043-2 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955SL UT WOS:000231247800001 PM 15959817 ER PT J AU Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Parsons, JL Jorgensen, EE Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Parsons, JL Jorgensen, EE Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Nitrogen outputs from fecal and urine deposition of small mammals: implications for nitrogen cycling SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE dietary nitrogen; fecal nitrogen; nitrogen flux; urinary nitrogen ID RATS SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; SMALL-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLAND; ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; PEROMYSCUS RODENTIA; BOREAL FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; PLANT-GROWTH; DYNAMICS; HERBIVORES AB The contribution of small mammals to nitrogen cycling could have repercussions for the producer community in the maintaining or perhaps magnifying of nitrogen availability. Our objective was to model nitrogen outputs (deposition of feces and urine) of small mammals in an old-field ecosystem and estimate the amount of fecal and urinary nitrogen deposited annually. To address this objective, we used models from laboratory studies and combined these with data from field studies to estimate dietary nitrogen and monthly and annual nitrogen outputs from fecal and urine deposition of five rodent species. The models accounted for monthly fluctuations in density and biomass of small-mammal populations. We estimated that the minimal amount, of nitrogen deposited by rodents was 1.0 (0.9-1.1) and 2.7 (2.6-2.9) kg Nha(-1) year(-1) from feces and urine, respectively, for a total contribution of 3.7 (3.5-4.0) kg Nha(-1) year(-1). Hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) accounted for >75% of the total nitrogen output by small mammals. Our estimates of annual fecal and urinary nitrogen deposited by rodents were comparable to nitrogen deposits by larger herbivores and other nitrogen fluxes in grassland ecosystems and should be considered when assessing the potential effects of herbivory on terrestrial nitrogen cycles. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Clark, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries Ellington Plan, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 58 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 144 IS 3 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0004-9 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955SL UT WOS:000231247800012 PM 15942760 ER PT J AU Brat, SK Verma, M Barnabe, S Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, R AF Brat, SK Verma, M Barnabe, S Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, R TI Impact of Tween 80 during Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of wastewater sludges SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; bioreactor; particle size; tween 80; viscosity; wastewater sludges ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; MASS-TRANSFER; SUBSP KURSTAKI; RAW-MATERIAL; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BIOPESTICIDES; TOXICITY; CRYSTAL; REACTOR; BATCH AB The effect of a surface active agent, Tween 80 (0.2%, v/v) on production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides using secondary wastewater sludge (non-hydrolysed (NH) and hydrolysed (TH)) as a raw material was studied in bioreactors. Hydrolysed sludge exhibited higher entomotoxicity (Tx) (49% increase) and cell/spore concentration vis-a-vis non-hydrolysed sludge. Amending the non-hydrolysed sludge with Tween 80 resulted in increase in cell and spore count by 1.67 and 4 times respectively, maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) increased from 0.19 to 0.24 h(-1) and Tx increased by 26.6%. However, addition of Tween 80 to hydrolysed sludge increased cell and spore count only by 2- and 2.4-folds, respectively and mu(max) increased from 0.28 to 0.3 h(-1) with no change in Tx. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient varied significantly during fermentation and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) also increased 5 and 3.5 times for Tween 80 fortified non-hydrolysed and hydrolysed sludge, respectively. There were variations in viscosity during fermentation due to concerted effects of increase in viable cell and spores, cell lysis, agitation, aeration and anti-foam addition. The particle size decreased markedly in all cases at the end of fermentation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Couronne, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Serv Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, 490,Rue Couronne, Couronne, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@etc.inrs.ca NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2695 EP 2705 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 925IU UT WOS:000229047600018 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Bornander, LL Carreira, LA AF Hilal, SH Bornander, LL Carreira, LA TI Hydration equilibrium constants of aldehydes, ketones and quinazolines SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemical reactivity; physical properties; hydration equilibrium constants; aldehyde; ketone; quinazoline; SPARC; SAR; QSAR ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REVERSIBLE HYDRATION; IONIZATION-CONSTANTS; ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES; TRIAZANAPHTHALENES; COEFFICIENT; PREDICTION; POINT AB SPARC chemical reactivity and physical processes models were coupled and extended to calculate hydration equilibrium constants for aldehydes, ketones, quinazoline and substituted quinazolines compounds from molecular structure. The energy differences between the initial (anhydrible) and the final (hydrated) states in the gas phase for a molecule of interest were calculated using SPARC mechanistic perturbation models. These perturbations models quantify the interactions of the appended perturber (P) with the carbonyl reaction center of the aldehydes or ketones or with the imine reaction center of the quinazolines. The perturbations of the reaction center were factored into mechanistic components of electrostatic, resonance and steric effects in the gas phase. The solvation energy (Henry's constant) of the anhydrible and the hydrated states on going from the gas phase to the aqueous phase were calculated using SPARC physical processes models. These physical processes models quantify the intermolecular interactions between the solute and the solvent molecules upon placing a solute molecule in the aqueous phase. The intermolecular interactions are factored into dispersion, induction, dipole-dipole and H-bonding interaction mechanisms. The RMS deviation error was 0.36 pK(hydration) units for 36 aldehyde and ketone compounds and 0.43 pK(hydration) units for quinazoline and 31 substituted quinazoline compounds. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hilal, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hilal.said@epa.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430913 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 952YX UT WOS:000231043500006 ER PT J AU Zhu, YL Jia, ZH Wang, W Gift, JS Moser, VC Pierre-Louis, BJ AF Zhu, YL Jia, ZH Wang, W Gift, JS Moser, VC Pierre-Louis, BJ TI Analyses of neurobehavioral screening data: Benchmark dose estimation SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neurobehavioral toxicity; functional observational battery; dose-time-response; benchmark dose; lower confidence limits; bootstrap; risk assessment AB Zhu et al. (Zhu, Y., Wessel, M., Liu, T., Moser, V.C., 2005. Analyses of neurobehavioral screening data: dose-time-response modeling of continuous outcomes. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 41, 240-255) have recently applied dose-time-response models to longitudinal or time-course neurotoxicity data, and have illustrated the modeling process using continuous data from a functional observational battery (FOB). Following the work of these authors, the purpose of this paper is to show that the benchmark dose (BMD) method for single time point dose-response data can be generalized and applied to longitudinal data such as those generated in neurotoxicity studies. We propose a statistical procedure called bootstrap method for computing the lower confidence limits for the BMD. We demonstrate the method using three previously published FOB datasets of triethyltin (Moser, V.C., Becking, G.C., Cuomo, V., Frantik, E., Kulig, B., MacPhail, R.C., Tilson, H.A., Winneke, G., Brightwell, W.S., DeSalvia, M.A., Gill, M.W., Haggerty, G.C., Hornychova, M., Lammers, J., Larsson, J., McDaniel, K.L., Nelson, B.K., Ostergaard, G., 1997a. The IPCS study on neurobehavioral screening methods: results of chemical testing. Neurotoxicology 18, 969-1056.) and the models of Zhu et al. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Family Hlth Int, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Zhu, YL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM yzhu@hsc.usf.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 190 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.03.007 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 943DO UT WOS:000230332500006 PM 15869831 ER PT J AU Dellarco, VL Baetcke, K AF Dellarco, VL Baetcke, K TI A risk assessment perspective: Application of mode of action and human relevance frameworks to the analysis of rodent tumor data SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer risk assessment; carcinogenicity mechanisms; human relevance; dose-response assessment C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dellarco, VL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM dellarco.vicki@epamail.epa.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi133 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 934HI UT WOS:000229699500001 PM 15939704 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Casey, M Hamm, A Carter, WH Simmons, JE Gennings, C AF Moser, VC Casey, M Hamm, A Carter, WH Simmons, JE Gennings, C TI Neurotoxicological and statistical analyses of a mixture of five organophosphorus pesticides using a ray design SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Toxicol DE organophosphate mixtures; cumulative risk; neurotoxicity; chlorpyrifos; acephate; malathion; diazinon; dimethoate ID ADULT RATS; PHOSPHOROTHIONATE INSECTICIDES; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TRIORTHOTOLYL PHOSPHATE; MALATHION POTENTIATION; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INHIBITION; TOXICITY AB Environmental exposures generally involve chemical mixtures instead of single chemicals. Statistical models such as the fixed-ratio ray design, wherein the mixing ratio (proportions) of the chemicals is fixed across increasing mixture doses, allows for the detection and characterization of interactions among the chemicals. In this study, we tested for interaction(s) in a mixture of five organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, acephate, and malathion). The ratio of the five pesticides (full ray) reflected the relative dietary exposure estimates of the general population as projected by the US EPA Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM). A second mixture was tested using the same dose levels of all pesticides, but excluding malathion (reduced ray). The experimental approach first required characterization of dose-response curves for the individual OPs to build a dose-additivity model. A series of behavioral measures were evaluated in adult male Long-Evans rats at the time of peak effect following a single oral dose, and then tissues were collected for measurement of cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Neurochemical (blood and brain cholinesterase [ChE] activity) and behavioral (motor activity, gait score, tail-pinch response score) endpoints were evaluated statistically for evidence of additivity. The additivity model constructed from the single chemical data was used to predict the effects of the pesticide mixture along the full ray (10-450 mg/kg) and the reduced ray (1.75-78.8 mg/kg). The experimental mixture data were also modeled and statistically compared to the additivity models. Analysis of the 5-OP mixture (the full ray) revealed significant deviation from additivity for all endpoints except tail-pinch response. Greater-than-additive responses (synergism) were observed at the lower doses of the 5-OP mixture, which contained non-effective dose levels of each of the components. The predicted effective doses (ED20, ED50) were about half that predicted by additivity, and for brain ChE and motor activity, there was a threshold shift in the dose-response curves. For the brain ChE and motor activity, there was no difference between the full (5-OP mixture) and reduced (4-OP mixture) rays, indicating that malathion did not influence the non-additivity. While the reduced ray for blood ChE showed greater deviation from additivity without malathion in the mixture, the non-additivity observed for the gait score was reversed when malathion was removed. Thus, greater-than-additive interactions were detected for both the full and reduced ray mixtures, and the role of malathion in the interactions varied depending on the endpoint. In all cases, the deviations from additivity occurred at the lower end of the dose-response curves. C1 US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL ORD, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 70 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi163 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 934HI UT WOS:000229699500014 PM 15800032 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL Momplaisir, GM AF Jones-Lepp, TL Momplaisir, GM TI New applications of LC-MS and LC-MS2 toward understanding the environmental fate of organometallics SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hyphenated mass spectrometric methods; LC-MS; LC-MS2; liquid chromatography; organoarsenic; organoboron; organometallics; organoplatinum; organoselenium; organotin ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; ARSENIC SPECIATION; ICP-MS; SELENIUM SPECIATION AB Over the last 40 years, many organometallic compounds have been synthesized and used in a variety of consumer, agricultural, and industrial products. Including wastewater effluents, leaching, and direct land and water applications, there are many pathways that can disperse organometallics to the environment. Many of these compounds reach environmental compartments unchanged while others are transformed into chemical entities having different availability or toxicity to living organisms. Differences in the toxicological, biochemical, and environmental behavior of the various chemical forms of a trace element often make the determination of the total element concentration inadequate. Considerable analytical progress in organometallic speciation has been made over the past decade, when hyphenated techni-ques involving highly efficient separation and sensitive detection have become the techniques of choice. Methods based on liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection have revealed new organometallic compounds in environmental and biological matrices, contributing to a better understanding of biological effects and environmental fate of organometallics. This article surveys recent applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS2) for the determination of organometallic compounds in environmental matrices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epamail.epa.gov NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 590 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2005.03.016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 958IE UT WOS:000231437100015 ER PT J AU Zwiener, C Richardson, SD AF Zwiener, C Richardson, SD TI Analysis of disinfection by-products in drinking water by LC-MS and related MS techniques SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorination; DBP; disinfection by-product; LC-MS; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; oxidation; precursor ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HALOACETIC ACIDS; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; HALOGENATED DERIVATIVES; AQUEOUS CHLORINATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES AB Current research indicates that much of the unidentified fraction of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) is highly polar and of high molecular weight. The combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is being increasingly used for the direct analysis of these highly polar, hydrophilic DBPs and for the exploration of high molecular weight by-products. Further, improvements in LC-MS instrumentation and analytical techniques are providing low mu g/L and ng/L detection limits, which allow trace levels of DBPs to be measured. This review covers recent applications of LC-MS and other related techniques, such as flow injection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-ESI-MS, membrane-introduction MS, and ion chromatography-ESI-MS for measuring known DBPs and exploring the nature of previously uncharacterized DBPs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Zwiener, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst, Engler Bunte Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM christian.zwiener@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 64 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2005.03.014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 958IE UT WOS:000231437100017 ER PT J AU Diehnelt, CW Peterman, SM Budde, WL AF Diehnelt, CW Peterman, SM Budde, WL TI Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and accurate m/z measurements of cyclic peptide cyanobacteria toxins SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; cyclic peptide; Fourier transform; ion cyclotron resonance; ion-fragmentation mechanism; LC-MS; LC-MS2; LC-MSn; linear ion trap; mass spectrometer ID HEPTAPEPTIDE HEPATOTOXINS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; OSCILLATORIA-AGARDHII; MICROCYSTINS; NOSTOC; NODULARIN; WATER AB Microcystins are cyclic peptide hepatotoxins that are produced by several genera of cyanobacteria. We briefly review the molecular structural features of 67 reported cyclic heptapeptide microcystins and a related cyclic pentapeptide toxin. These substances present a significant analytical challenge because multiple toxins are often found in any given cyanobacteria or water sample, and it is likely that some structural variants have yet to be identified. We briefly describe a hybrid linear ion trap - Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (LT-FT-ICR) mass spectrometer equipped with a liquid chromatography (LC)/electrospray sample-introduction system. This instrument system was used to obtain LC/mass spectrometry (MS) data from the commercially available cyanobacteria toxins (microcystin-LR, -YR, -RR and nodularin). We review the electrospray mass spectra of these toxins and the significance of accurate m/z measurements of toxin precursor and product ions. We discuss the collision-induced dissociation of [M + H](+), [M + H](2+), and fragment ions in terms of ion-fragmentation pathways and mechanisms. The principal focus of this review is the potential for the efficient determination of microcystin structures with these MS techniques when no analytical standards are available or when new microcystin toxins are present in a sample. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Thermo Electron Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Budde, WL (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin L King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM budde.william@epa.gov NR 27 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 622 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2005.04.013 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 958IE UT WOS:000231437100018 ER PT J AU Cesta, MF Baty, CJ Keene, BW Smoak, IW Malarkey, DE AF Cesta, MF Baty, CJ Keene, BW Smoak, IW Malarkey, DE TI Pathology of end-stage remodeling in a family of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burned-out phase; dilated phase; end stage; feline; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; myocardial fibrosis ID DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; HUMAN-DISEASE; ANIMAL-MODEL; MUTATION; PROGRESSION; FEATURES; GENE; SPECTRUM; DISARRAY AB End-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ES-HCM), affecting 5-10% of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, is characterized by relative thinning of the ventricular walls and septum with dilation of the ventricular lumen, decreased fractional shortening, and progression to heart failure. C. J. Baty and others recently documented similar progressive changes to ES-HCM in a family of four cats through serial echocardiograms. At the time of heart failure, these cats exhibited changes similar to those exhibited by human ES-HCM patients. Our objectives were to describe the pathologic alterations associated with ES-HCM and investigate the pathogenesis in three of the four cats, Grossly, there was left atrial dilation with relative thinning of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular free wall (LVFW). The left atrium contained large thrombi in two of the three cats, and all three cats died following thromboembolization of the aortic bifurcation. Histologically, all three cats had subendocardial and myocardial fibrosis, predominantly of the IVS and LVFW, and one cat had acute, multifocal, myocardial infarcts with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates. The pathogenesis of ES-HCM is uncertain, but theories implicate occlusion of the coronary blood flow by thickening of the coronary vessels, coronary vascular thromboembolism or coronary vessel spasm, apoptosis of myocytes, and myocardial hypertrophy beyond the ability of the vasculature to supply blood. Apoptosis assays did not reveal any apoptotic myocytes. Considering the hypercoagulative state of these cats, coronary vascular thromboembolism could be a major contributing factor. We cannot exclude apoptosis or coronary vessel spasm on the basis of the data presented. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Malarkey, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Maildrop B3-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM malarkey@niehs.nih.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 458 EP 467 DI 10.1354/vp.42-4-458 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 942KZ UT WOS:000230282600007 PM 16006605 ER PT J AU Wymer, LJ Dufour, AP Calderon, RL Wade, TJ Beach, M AF Wymer, LJ Dufour, AP Calderon, RL Wade, TJ Beach, M TI Comment on "Derivation of numerical values for the World Health Organization guidelines for recreational waters" SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE AB The subject paper describes a procedure for adjusting a risk model based upon a measure of personal exposure (the "UK personal exposure model") in order to attribute an expected rate of gastroenteritis among a group of swimmers to a mean recreational water quality value (enterococci per 100 mL). We term the resulting model for group risk the "UK ecologic exposure model." The distinction is essential to establishing recreational water quality guidelines because exposures of individual bathers are not known from a water monitoring program, the only assessment available being some form of ecologic exposure such as a mean log indicator density. While the authors of the subject paper solved the '' UK ecologic exposure model for only a single point (that value of mean log 10 enterococcus density which is expected to result in five extra cases of gastroenteritis per 100 swimmers), we extend their model to show the entire curve over a relevant range of densities. The resulting exposure-response curve is seen to not differ substantially from the existing USEPA model for "highly credible gastrointestinal illness" in marine waters. However, particularly since such correspondence is not guaranteed for future studies or for other existing epidemiological studies, we recommend the direct approach to evaluating ecologic exposure, such as used in the USEPA studies, rather than the indirect approach of the UK ecologic exposure model, given the number of untested assumptions that are necessary for accomplishing the latter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wymer, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wymer.larry@epa.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2774 EP 2777 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.038 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 952CW UT WOS:000230980600032 PM 15939451 ER PT J AU Kruczynski, WL AF Kruczynski, WL TI Reassessing US coral reefs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Water Qual Protect Program, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. RP Kruczynski, WL (reprint author), US EPA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Water Qual Protect Program, POB 300368, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1741 EP 1741 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800022 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD Ternes, TA AF Richardson, SD Ternes, TA TI Water analysis: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; CYANOBACTERIAL PEPTIDE HEPATOTOXINS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Fed Inst Hydrol, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 195 TC 252 Z9 270 U1 8 U2 125 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 12 BP 3807 EP 3838 DI 10.1021/ac058022x PG 32 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 938HV UT WOS:000229991400006 PM 15952758 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Su, CM Ford, RG Paul, CJ AF Wilkin, RT Su, CM Ford, RG Paul, CJ TI Chromium-removal processes during groundwater remediation by a zerovalent iron permeable reactive barrier SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; IN-SITU REMEDIATION; CHROMATE REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CORROSION PRODUCTS; FERROUS IRON; SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ARSENITE REMOVAL AB Solid-phase associations of chromium were examined in core materials collected from a full-scale, zerovalent iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center located near Elizabeth City, NC. The PRB was installed in 1996 to treat groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium. After eight years of operation, the PRB remains effective at reducing concentrations of Cr from average values > 1500 mu g L-1 in groundwater hydraulically upgradient of the PRB to values < 1 mu g L-1 in groundwater within and hydraulically downgradient of the PRB. Chromium removal from groundwater occurs at the leading edge of the PRB and also within the aquifer immediately upgradient of the PRB. These regions also witness the greatest amount of secondary mineral formation due to steep geochemical gradients that result from the corrosion of zerovalent iron. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy indicated that chromium is predominantly in the trivalent oxidation state, confirming that reductive processes are responsible for Cr sequestration. XANES spectra and microscopy results suggest that Cr is, in part, associated with iron sulfide grains formed as a consequence of microbially mediated sulfate reduction in and around the PRB. Results of this study provide evidence that secondary iron-bearing mineral products may enhance the capacity of zerovalent iron systems to remediate Cr in groundwater, either through redox reactions at the mineral-water interface or by the release of Fe(II) to solution via mineral dissolution and/or metal corrosion. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Manaement Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wilkin, RT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Manaement Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM wilkin.rick@epa.gov NR 53 TC 131 Z9 144 U1 9 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4599 EP 4605 DI 10.1021/es050157x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QU UT WOS:000229724100040 PM 16047798 ER PT J AU Vane, LM Alvarez, FR AF Vane, LM Alvarez, FR TI Vibrating pervaporation modules: Effect of module design on performance SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pervaporation; concentration polarization; fouling; modules ID MEMBRANE MODULE; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; VOC REMOVAL; FILTRATION; WATER; MICROFILTRATION; SHEAR; FLUX; ULTRAFILTRATION; SYSTEMS AB A commercial-scale vibrating pervaporation membrane module was fabricated and evaluated for the separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions. Experiments with surrogate solutions of four hydrophobic VOCs (1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE)) were performed. VOC removal performance for this module was compared to published data for two earlier full-scale vibrating modules of the same general design, but differing in design details. The three modules differed in membrane material (and membrane thickness), membrane area, liquid flow pattern, and permeate vapor pathway. A thinner membrane, less restrictive permeate pathway, and higher cross-flow liquid velocity were generally observed to improve performance, although each factor is expected to have a limit. The third module was also tested for the removal of hydrophilic organic compounds from water, including acetone, ethanol, n-butanol, and isopropanol. Process variables studied were vibrational amplitude, temperature, and liquid flow rate. As in previous studies, even small vibration amplitudes yielded significant performance gains. Performance of the vibrating systems was found to be similar to that of non-vibrating alternatives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@epa.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 255 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.047 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 931WZ UT WOS:000229517500022 ER PT J AU Fernandez, R Robinson, D Aggarwal, V AF Fernandez, R Robinson, D Aggarwal, V TI Study comparison reveals methane-emission reduction opportunities in gas processing SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ICF Consulting, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Fernandez, R (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 22 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 939IX UT WOS:000230067100016 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Mattie, D Dodd, DE AF Lipscomb, JC Mattie, D Dodd, DE TI 2004 Toxicology and Risk Assessment Conferences - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lipscomb.john@epa.gov; david.mattie@wpafb.af.mil; darol.dodd@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.1080/15287390590912144 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100001 ER PT J AU Axelrad, DA Baetcke, K Dockins, C Griffiths, CW Hill, RN Murphy, PA Owens, N Simon, NB Teuschler, LK AF Axelrad, DA Baetcke, K Dockins, C Griffiths, CW Hill, RN Murphy, PA Owens, N Simon, NB Teuschler, LK TI Risk assessment for benefits analysis: Framework for analysis of a thyroid-disrupting chemical SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID REGRESSION; TOXICITY; MODEL AB Benefit-cost analysis is of growing importance in developing policies to reduce exposures to environmental contaminants. To quantify health benefits of reduced exposures, economists generally rely on dose-response relationships estimated by risk assessors. Further, to be useful for benefits analysis, the endpoints that are quantified must be expressed as changes in incidence of illnesses or symptoms that are readily understood by and perceptible to the lay-person, For most noncancer health effects and for nonlinear carcinogens, risk assessments generally do not provide the do e-response functions necessary for economic benefits analysis, This article presents the framework for a case study that addresses these issues through a combination of toxicology, epidemiology, statistics, and economics. The case study assesses a chemical that disrupts proper functioning of the thyroid gland, and considers the benefits of reducing exposures in terms of both noncancer health effects (hypothyroidism) and thyroid cancers. The effects are presumed to be due to a mode of action involving interference with thyroid-pituitary functioning that would lead to nonlinear dose response. The framework integrates data from animal testing, statistical modeling, human data from the medical and epidemiological literature, and economic methodologies and valuation studies. This interdisciplinary collaboration differs from the more typical approach in which risk assessments and economic analyses are prepared independently of one another. This framework illustrates particular approaches that may be useful for expanded quantification of adverse health effects, and demonstrates the potential of such interdisciplinary approaches. Detailed implementation of the case study framework will be presented in future publications. C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Edison, NJ USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Axelrad, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM axeirad.daniel@epa.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 837 EP 855 DI 10.1080/15287390590912153 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100002 PM 16020180 ER PT J AU Barton, HA AF Barton, HA TI Computational pharmacokinetics during developmental windows of susceptibility SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL; DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; NONCANCER RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHILDRENS HEALTH; COMPARATIVE CARCINOGENICITY; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; POTENTIAL IMPACT; 17-ALPHA-ETHYNYL ESTRADIOL AB Computational modeling has an increasing role in analyses of biological effects, including how the body handles chemicals (i.e., pharmacokinetics or toxicokinetics) and how the body responds to chemicals (i.e., pharmacodynamics or toxicodynamics). Pharmacokinelic models increasingly describe not just adult humans and animals, but also changes with age and life stage (e.g., pregnancy and fetal exposures, lactational exposures, and childhood growth). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models provide an important route to estimate the potential changes in internal dose that may occur throughout the life cycle. These models require inputs describing changes in physiology, metabolism, and exposure with age and life stage. A particular challenge exists when the "equivalent' developmental period in the rodents and humans differs (e.g., early postnatal in rats and in utero in humans) such that the 'equivalent," window of susceptibility to toxic effects of the chemical may involve substantially different exposures (e.g., lactational versus placental transfer). Pharmacodynamic modeling could similarly address changes with age, but few such models currently exist. The growth of systems biology is anticipated to change this over the coming decade. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 889 EP 900 DI 10.1080/15287390590912180 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100005 PM 16020183 ER PT J AU Woodall, GM AF Woodall, GM TI Acute health reference values: Overview, perspective, and current forecast of needs SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID LIMITS AB A number of organizations have developed acute inhalation health reference values. each with (1) a specific purpose, (2) populations to protect, (3) exposure scenarios (accidental releases, workplace, routine excursions of ambient levels), and (4) severity of adverse health effects considered in their development, The first section of this article reviews the existing values from different organizations and describes their purposes and method of development. The second part of the article provides a comparative review of how the values were derived, the critical endpoints considered for each value, the populations being protected by each value, and the potential for use outside of their intended purpose (e.g., Homeland Security, regulatory analysis, etc.), Additionally, an analysis of the acute inhalation reference values that was developed in support of the Office of Air and Radiation's residual risk assessment for hazardous air pollutants is presented and reviewed. The third and final part of the article focuses on the efforts of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a set of less-than-lifetime reference values, along with a discussion of how that effort fits with the existing sets of values described in the prior sections. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27540 USA. RP Woodall, GM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mailcode B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27540 USA. EM woodall.george@epa.gov RI Woodall, George/M-5658-2014 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 901 EP 926 DI 10.1080/15287390590912199 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100006 PM 16020184 ER PT J AU Simmons, JE Evans, MV Boyes, WK AF Simmons, JE Evans, MV Boyes, WK TI Moving from external exposure concentration to internal dose: Duration extrapolation based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic derived estimates of internal dose SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; XENOPUS OOCYTES; ABUSED SOLVENT; MODEL; RAT; METABOLITES AB The potential human health risk(s) from chemical exposure must frequently be assessed under conditions for which adequate human or animal data are not available. The default method for exposure-duration adjustment, based on Haber's rule, C (external exposure concentration) or C-n (the ten Berge modification) x t (exposure duration) = K (a constant toxic effect), has been criticized for prediction errors. A promising alternative approach to duration adjustment is based on equivalence of internal dose, that is, target-tissue dose levels, across different exposure durations. A proposed methodology tor dose-duration adjustments for acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) estimates of dose is illustrated with trichloroethylene (TCE). Steps in this methodology include: (1) selection and evaluation, or development and evaluation, of an appropriate PBPK model; (2) determination of an appropriate measure of internal dose; (3) estimation with the PBPK model of the tissue dose (the target tissue dose) resulting from the external exposure conditions (concentration, duration) of the critical effect; (4) estimation of the external exposure concentrations required to achieve tissue doses equivalent to the target tissue dose at exposure durations of interest; and (5) evaluation of sources of variability and uncertainty. For TCE, this PBPK modeling approach has allowed determination of dose metrics predictive of the acute neurotoxic effects of TCE and dose-duration adjustments based on estimates of internal dose. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Simmons, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Simmons.jane@epa.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 927 EP 950 DI 10.1080/15287390590912586 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100007 PM 16020185 ER PT J AU Canter, DA AF Canter, DA TI Addressing residual risk issues at anthrax cleanups: How clean is safe? SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID FATAL INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; PATHOLOGY; OUTBREAK; WOMAN AB Since the 2001 attacks in which Bacillus anthracis spores were mailed to various media offices and two U.S. Senators, considerable interest has focused on developing estimates of the risk of contracting inhalational anthrax from exposure to such spores. Credible risk estimates would have significant utility in establishing future cleanup goals for contaminated sites. To perform a meaningful risk assessment, one needs sufficient data to identify the hazards, conduct dose-response assessment, and assess exposure. This report reviews the existing data on mortality produced by Bacillus anthracis spores in laboratory animals and humans. In particular, it focuses on the 11 cases of inhalational anthrax resulting from the 2001 attacks and their impact on hazard identification activities. It also addresses factors that may contribute to increased risk among exposed populations and the sources of uncertainty in dose response analysis. The article examines the state of the science for assessing exposure levels to Bacillus anthracis spores and concludes that significant challenges exist to performing robust assessments of risk, This conclusion supports the policy position of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that there should be no growth of Bacillus anthracis spores from all postremediation environmental samples, for the cleanup of a site to be judged effective and for that site to be considered safe for reoccupancy. This ha, been the ultimate criterion for efficacy of cleanups performed in response to the 2001 anthrax attacks. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Canter, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM canter.dorothy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 1017 EP 1032 DI 10.1080/15287390590912621 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100011 PM 16020189 ER PT J AU Rice, G Wright, JM Boutin, B Swartout, J Rodgers, P Niemuth, N Broder, M AF Rice, G Wright, JM Boutin, B Swartout, J Rodgers, P Niemuth, N Broder, M TI Estimating the frequency of tap-water exposures to Mycobacterium avium complex in the US population with advanced aids SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER; RISK-FACTORS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; DISEASE; INTRACELLULARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a group of ubiquitous and opportunistic bacterial pathogens included on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List, The risk of contracting a disseminated MAC infection is primarily limited to the immunocompromised, including those with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These infections likely result from exposures to MAC-contaminated lap water, food, or soil, although the epidemiologic evidence is insufficient to implicate a specific medium, The objective of this study was to assess tap water exposure to MAC in the U,S. population with advanced AIDS, defined here as having fewer than 100 CD4(+) cells/mm(3) of blood. Using limited data on the detection of MAC and self-reported post-tap treatment practices, two exposure models were developed to simulate the likelihood of exposure to MAC via tap water consumption in this sensitive population. The first model integrated data from studies that described sources of water for consumption and post-tap treatment rates in cohorts infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+). The second model used data from a study that categorized the fraction of water intake consisting of tap water that was rot further treated. Approximately 1500 individuals with advanced AIDS were estimated to ingest tap water with detectable concentrations of MAC organisms daily. Additional studies on tap-water use in U,S. HIV+ populations are needed to confirm these findings. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on the occurrence of MAC in tap water, particularly in regions with large HIV+/AIDS populations, would help address some of the uncertainty in these exposure estimates. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Inc, Columbus, OH USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rice, G (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MSA 130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.glenn@epa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 1033 EP 1047 DI 10.1080/15287390590912630 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100012 PM 16020190 ER PT J AU Jager, HI King, AW Schumaker, NH Ashwood, TL Jackson, BL AF Jager, HI King, AW Schumaker, NH Ashwood, TL Jackson, BL TI Spatial uncertainty analysis of population models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; conditional simulation; population viability; extinction threshold; spatial life history ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPES; SIMULATION; PROGRAM; HABITAT; SINKS AB This paper describes an approach for conducting spatial uncertainty analysis of spatial population models, and illustrates the ecological consequences of spatial uncertainty for landscapes with different properties. Spatial population models typically simulate birth, death, and migration on an input map that describes habitat. Typically, only a single "reference" map is available, but we can imagine that a collection of other, slightly different, maps could be drawn to represent a particular species' habitat. As a first approximation, our approach assumes that spatial uncertainty (i.e., the variation among values assigned to a location by such a collection of maps) is constrained by characteristics of the reference map, regardless of how the map was produced. Our approach produces lower levels of uncertainty than afternative methods used in landscape ecology because we condition our alternative landscapes on local properties of the reference map. Simulated spatial uncertainty was higher near the borders of patches. Consequently, average uncertainty was highest for reference maps with equal proportions of suitable and unsuitable habitat, and no spatial autocorrelation. We used two population viability models to evaluate the ecological consequences of spatial uncertainty for landscapes with different properties. Spatial uncertainty produced larger variation among predictions of a spatially explicit model than those of a spatially implicit model. Spatially explicit model predictions of final female population size varied most among landscapes with enough clustered habitat to allow persistence. In contrast, predictions of population growth rate varied most among landscapes with only enough clustered habitat to support a small population, i.e., near a spatially mediated extinction threshold. We conclude that spatial uncertainty has the greatest effect on persistence when the amount and arrangement of suitable habitat are such that habitat capacity is near the minimum required for persistence. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jager@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 185 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.016 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928LM UT WOS:000229273100002 ER PT J AU Que, LG Liu, LM Yan, Y Whitehead, GS Gavett, SH Schwartz, DA Stamler, JS AF Que, LG Liu, LM Yan, Y Whitehead, GS Gavett, SH Schwartz, DA Stamler, JS TI Protection from experimental asthma by an endogenous bronchodilator SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN S-NITROSYLATION; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; EXHALED AIR; NITROSOTHIOLS; DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; INHIBITION AB Mechanisms that protect against asthma remain poorly understood. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous bronchodilator, is depleted from asthmatic airways, suggesting a protective role. We report that, following allergen challenge, witd-type mice exhibiting airway hyperresponsivity have increased airway levels of the enzyme GSNO reductase (GSNOR) and are depleted of lung S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). In contrast, mice with genetic deletion of GSNOR exhibit increases in lung SNOs and are protected from airway hyperresponsivity. Our results indicate that endogenous SNOs, governed by GSNOR, are critical regulators of airway responsivity and may provide new therapeutic approaches to asthma. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stamler, JS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM STAML001@mc.duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K08 HL004171-05, K08 HL004171, HL004171]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012496, P01 ES012496, P01 ES012496-010004] NR 25 TC 206 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5728 BP 1618 EP 1621 DI 10.1126/science.1108228 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 936BH UT WOS:000229827000054 PM 15919956 ER PT J AU Ju, YH Varma, RS AF Ju, YH Varma, RS TI An efficient and simple aqueous N-heterocyclization of aniline derivatives: Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-aryl azacycloalkanes SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; PRIMARY AMINES; PYRROLIDINES; CATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; MEDIA AB [GRAPHICS] An efficient and clean synthesis of N-aryl azacycloalkanes from alkyl dihalides and aniline derivatives has been achieved using microwave irradiation in an aqueous potassium carbonate medium. The phase separation can simplify the product isolation and reduce usage of volatile organic solvents. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Ju, YH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 34 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2409 EP 2411 DI 10.1021/ol050683t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 932SS UT WOS:000229574300030 PM 15932210 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, A Turnley, JG AF Fairbrother, A Turnley, JG TI Predicting risks of uncharacteristic wildfires: Application of the risk assessment process SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE risk assessment; NEPA; environmental impact assessment; wildfire; forest ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; FOREST AB The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) mandates that the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as its fire management policy evolves to cope with a legacy of over 100 years of fire suppression on national forest lands and an increasing occurrence of uncharacteristically large, intense wildfires. This paper argues that integration of a risk assessment approach into the EIA is a logical extension of the EIA process and provides a more robust method for assessing comparative risks of proposed alternatives, and integrating ecological risks with economic and social cost-benefit analyses. Risk assessment is the process of estimating the likelihood and magnitude of the occurrence of an unwanted, adverse effect. It begins with a well-defined problem formulation step that ensures involvement of stakeholders, uses available or newly developed scientific information to ascribe probabilities to the likelihood of fire initiation under various forest management practices, and describes or quantifies the magnitude of effects associated with fires of various frequencies and intensities. The risk characterization step provides comprehensive statements of risk, including assertions about uncertainty, and communicates results in a clear and intelligible manner to resource managers and interested stakeholders. Risk assessment uses probabilistic modeling to incorporate environmental stochasticity and experimental uncertainty, and incorporates spatial attributes, simultaneous multiple risks, comparative analyses of different risks, socioeconomic concerns, and ecological effects into the analysis. Placed within the EIA process, risk assessment provides a robust framework for reaching agreement on risks of uncharacteristic wildfires under a variety of proposed management scenarios. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Galisteo Consulting Grp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Fairbrother, A (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Fairbrother.anne@epa.gov NR 43 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.026 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600004 ER PT J AU Kirrane, EF Hoppin, JA Kamel, F Umbach, DM Boyes, WK DeRoos, AJ Alavanja, M Sandler, DP AF Kirrane, EF Hoppin, JA Kamel, F Umbach, DM Boyes, WK DeRoos, AJ Alavanja, M Sandler, DP TI Retinal degeneration and other eye disorders in wives of farmer pesticide applicators enrolled in the agricultural health study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; eye diseases; occupational exposure; pesticides; retinal degeneration; spouses ID AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; VISUAL-SYSTEM; MACULAR DEGENERATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RAT; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; TOXICITY; PATTERNS; WORKERS AB Retinal degeneration is the leading cause of visual impairment in older adults. An association between retinal degeneration and fungicide use was observed previously among farmer pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study, a large study of farm families from Iowa and North Carolina. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether wives of these farmer pesticide applicators were at increased risk of retinal degeneration. Self-reported cross-sectional data obtained via questionnaire between 1993 and 1997 from 31,173 wives were used. Associations of specific pesticides and groups of pesticides based on function (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and fumigants) or chemical structure (organophosphates, organochlorines, and carbamates) with eye disorders were evaluated using logistic and hierarchical logistic regression analyses. Self-reported retinal degeneration was associated with the wife's fungicide use (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 3.1) after adjustment for age and state of residence. Specific fungicides that appeared to drive this association were maneb or mancozeb and ziram. No associations between pesticide use and other eye disorders were found. Although these findings for retinal degeneration are based solely on self-reported disease, they are consistent with those reported for farmer pesticide applicators. These findings suggest that exposure to some fungicides and other pesticides may increase the risk of retinal degeneration and warrant further investigation. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Coda Inc, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NCI, NIH, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hoppin, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, US Dept HHS, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 BP 1020 EP 1029 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi140 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 928PZ UT WOS:000229285500004 PM 15901622 ER PT J AU Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Langlois, P Savitz, DA Loomis, D Herring, AH Fixler, DE AF Gilboa, SM Mendola, P Olshan, AF Langlois, P Savitz, DA Loomis, D Herring, AH Fixler, DE TI Relationship between air quality and selected cardiac defects and oral clefts, Texas, 1997-2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, HSD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100460 ER PT J AU Lobdell, D Gilboa, S Mendola, P AF Lobdell, D Gilboa, S Mendola, P TI Recruitment and retention issues among nonwhite participants for a large longitudinal study of children's environmental health. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100455 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Murphy, PA Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Savitz, DA AF Wright, JM Murphy, PA Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ Savitz, DA TI Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure misclassification and incorporation of water use data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/C-3914-2017 OI Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark/0000-0001-9461-7981 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100133 ER PT J AU Dick, LK Bernhard, AE Brodeur, TJ Domingo, JWS Simpson, JM Walters, SP Field, KG AF Dick, LK Bernhard, AE Brodeur, TJ Domingo, JWS Simpson, JM Walters, SP Field, KG TI Host distributions of uncultivated fecal Bacteroidales bacteria reveal genetic markers for fecal source identification SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GUT; PREVOTELLA; COMMUNITY; POLLUTION; HYBRIDIZATION AB The purpose of this study was to examine host distribution patterns among fecal bacteria in the order Bacteroidales, with the goal of using endemic sequences as markers for fecal source identification in aquatic environments. We analyzed Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences from the feces of eight hosts: human, bovine, pig, horse, dog, cat, gull, and elk. Recovered sequences did not match database sequences, indicating high levels of uncultivated diversity. The analysis revealed both endemic and cosmopolitan distributions among the eight hosts. Ruminant, pig, and horse sequences tended to form host- or host group-specific clusters in a phylogenetic tree, while human, dog, cat, and gull sequences clustered together almost exclusively. Many of the human, dog, cat, and gull sequences fell within a large branch containing cultivated species from the genus Bacteroides. Most of the cultivated Bacteroides species had very close matches with multiple hosts and thus may not be useful targets for fecal source identification. A large branch containing cultivated members of the genus Prevotella included cloned sequences that were not closely related to cultivated Prevotella species. Most ruminant sequences formed clusters separate from the branches containing Bacteroides and Prevotella species. Host-specific sequences were identified for pigs and horses and were used to design PCR primers to identify pig and horse sources of fecal pollution in water. The primers successfully amplified fecal DNAs from their target hosts and did not amplify fecal DNAs from other species. Fecal bacteria endemic to the host species may result from evolution in different types of digestive systems. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Field, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kate.field@orst.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 48 TC 166 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 3184 EP 3191 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3184-3191.2005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900050 PM 15933020 ER PT J AU Hurst, CJ AF Hurst, CJ TI Divining the future of microbiology SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material AB A committee convened to puzzle out where trends in microbiology may lead provides some intriguing projections. C1 US EPA, Comm Identifying Emergent High Profile Top Microb, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hurst, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Comm Identifying Emergent High Profile Top Microb, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 262 EP 263 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 004EZ UT WOS:000234736100004 ER PT J AU Coecke, S Balls, M Bowe, G Davis, J Gstraunthaler, G Hartung, T Hay, R Merten, OW Price, A Schechtman, L Stacey, G Stokes, W AF Coecke, S Balls, M Bowe, G Davis, J Gstraunthaler, G Hartung, T Hay, R Merten, OW Price, A Schechtman, L Stacey, G Stokes, W TI Guidance on Good Cell Culture Practice - A report of the second ECVAM task force on Good Cell Culture Practice SO ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID FETAL BOVINE SERUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; TISSUE-CULTURE; ORGAN-CULTURE; LINES; RECOMMENDATIONS; ALTERNATIVES; TERMINOLOGY; MYCOPLASMA AB The maintenance of high standards is fundamental to all good scientific practice, and is essential for maximising the reproducibility, reliability, credibility, acceptance and proper application of any results produced. The aim of this Guidance on Good Cell Culture Practice (GCCP) is to promote the maintenance of these standards and to reduce uncertainty in the development and application of animal and human cell and tissue culture procedures and products, by encouraging greater international harmonisation, rationalisation and standardisation of laboratory practices, quality control systems, safety procedures, recording and reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and ethical principles. The scope of the document has deliberately been broadly defined, to include systems based on cells and tissues obtained from humans and animals, and issues related to the characterisation and maintenance of essential characteristics, as well as quality assurance, recording and reporting, safety, education and training, and ethics. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, ECVAM, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. Bio Prod Lab, Dept Res & Dev, Elstree, Herts, England. FRAME, Nottingham, England. ATCC, Manassas, VA USA. Innsbruck Med Univ, Dept Physiol, A-6010 Innsbruck, Austria. Genethon, Evry, France. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Cell Biol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, UK Stem Cell Bank, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods Environm Toxicol, Natl Toxicol Program Interagcy Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Coecke, S (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, ECVAM, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Via Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM sandra.coecke@jrc.it NR 94 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 6 U2 21 PU FRAME PI NOTTINGHAM PA RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM NG1 4EE, NOTTS, ENGLAND SN 0261-1929 J9 ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM JI ATLA-Altern. Lab. Anim. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 261 EP 287 PG 27 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 940XZ UT WOS:000230180500011 PM 16180980 ER PT J AU Lynam, MM Keeler, GJ AF Lynam, MM Keeler, GJ TI Artifacts associated with the measurement of particulate mercury in an urban environment: The influence of elevated ozone concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; annular denuders; measurement challenges; urban aerosol ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; GASEOUS MERCURY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ANNULAR DENUDERS; DIVALENT MERCURY; COATED DENUDERS; NITRIC-ACID; FILTER; ADSORPTION AB The potential for ozone to cause an artifact during sampling of fine particulate mercury was investigated in southwest Detroit in July 2001 and July 2002. During the July 2001 sampling period, the use of KI and KCl denuders placed upstream to remove ozone and reactive gaseous mercury, Hg-(g)(2+), resulted in more particulate mercury (maximum 33 pg m(-3)) on a denuded filter when compared to an undenuded one. Additionally, a KCl denuded quartz filter also showed more particulate mercury (maximum 12 pg m(-3)) compared to an undenuded filter when ozone concentrations were most elevated. Further sampling in July 2002 used a repeated sampling design and resulted in more particulate mercury on undenuded filters when compared to denuded ones. Conditions in July 2001 were characterized by elevated concentrations of ozone during which there were three ozone action days declared by the State of Michigan whereas ozone concentrations in July 2002 were 22% lower. One possible explanation for the observations may be that elemental mercury, Hg-(g)(0), is oxidized to reactive gaseous mercury, Hg-(g)(2+), during sampling leading to an artifact. The potential for this type of artifact may be greater during periods of high photochemical activity and this must be considered when sampling during the warmer seasons when high levels of oxidants are likely to be present in an urban atmosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lynam, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MDE 205-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lynam.mary@epa.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 17 BP 3081 EP 3088 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.036 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940DM UT WOS:000230123900008 ER PT J AU Smith, EG Gordon, CJ AF Smith, EG Gordon, CJ TI The effects of chlorpyrifos on blood pressure and temperature regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA; CHOLINERGIC MECHANISM; CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY; ANIMAL-MODELS; HEART-RATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; RADIOTELEMETRY; SIMILARITIES; INHIBITION; CARBAMATE AB Using radiotelemetry to monitor blood pressure and core temperature, studies in our laboratory have shown that a prolonged hypertensive response is elicited in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate-based insecticide. Chlorpyrifos inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity, resulting in central and peripheral stimulation of central cholinergic pathways involved in blood pressure regulation. The spontaneously hypertensive rat has been shown to be more sensitive to central cholinergic Stimulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that these rats would be more susceptible and sustain a greater hypertensive response when exposed to chlorpyrifos. Heart rate, cardiac contractility, core temperature, and blood pressure were monitored by radiotelemetry in SHRs and their Wistar Kyoto (WKY) normotensive controls following exposure to chlorpyrifos (10 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg, orally). Baseline blood pressure of SHRs was similar to 35 mmHg above that of WKYs prior to dosing. SHRs exhibited a greater and more sustained elevation in diastolic, mean and systolic blood pressure following exposure to 25 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos. The rise in blood pressure lasted for similar to 56 hours in SHRs compared to similar to 32 hours in WKYs. Chlorpyrifos also led to a prolonged elevation in daytime heart rate in both strains. There was a transient elevation in cardiac contractility in both strains lasting similar to 7 hr after exposure to chlorpyrifos. The hypothermic response to chlorpyrifos was similar in magnitude and duration for both strains. Plasma cholinesterase activity measured 4 hr after exposure to 25 ing/kg chlorpyrifos was inhibited to similar to 40% of control levels in both strains. Using the SHR strain as a model to study susceptible Populations, the data suggest that individuals with a genetic predisposition to hypertension may be more susceptible from exposure to organophosphate-based insecticide, as manifested by an exacerbated hypertensive response. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div MD B105 04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Livingstone Coll, Dept Sci Biol, Salisbury, NC 28144 USA. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div MD B105 04, 109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_96615.x PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 935KQ UT WOS:000229781600015 PM 15910416 ER PT J AU Noriega, NC Ostby, J Lambright, C Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Noriega, NC Ostby, J Lambright, C Wilson, VS Gray, LE TI Late gestational exposure to the fungicide prochloraz delays the onset of parturition and causes reproductive malformations in male but not female rat offspring SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE antiandrogen; environment; fungicide; hypospadias; male reproductive; tract; parturition; penis; prochloraz; sexual differentiation; toxicology ID ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DRUGS INCLUDING KETOCONAZOLE; ACTIVITY IN-VITRO; IMIDAZOLE DRUGS; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGENS; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEYDIG-CELLS AB Prochloraz (PZ) is an imidazole fungicide that displays multiple endocrine activities. It inhibits steroid synthesis via P450 modulation and acts as an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, but its effects on male sexual differentiation have not been described. The purpose of the current study was to expand in vitro observations and to determine whether PZ affected sexual differentiation. PZ effects on AR-mediated gene expression were tested using a cell line (MDA-kb2) containing endogenous AR and stably transfected with an MMTV-luc reporter. PZ concentrations greater than 1 mu M caused a dose-dependent inhibition of dihydrotestosterone-induced gene expression. PZ also inhibited R1881 binding to the rat AR (IC50 similar to 60 mu M). In vivo, pregnant rats received PZ by gavage from Gestational Day 14 to 18 at doses of 31.25, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg of body weight per day. PZ delayed delivery in a dose-dependent manner and resulted in pup mortalities at the two highest doses. In male offspring, anogenital distance and body weight were slightly reduced at 3 days of age. Additionally, female-like areolas were observed at 13 days of age at frequencies of 31%, 43%, 41%, and 71% in the lowest-dose to highest-dose groups, respectively. Weights of androgen-dependent tissues showed dose-dependent reductions. Hypospadias and vaginal pouches were noted in all males treated with 250 mg/kg, whereas those defects were observed in 12.5% and 6.25%, respectively, of males treated with 125 mg/kg. Treatment did not affect age of preputial separation in animals without penile malformations. Despite severe malformations in males, no malformations were noted in females. Together, these results indicate that PZ alters sexual differentiation in an antiandrogenic manner. C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, RTD, HHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Noriega, NC (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, RTD, HHEERL,ORD, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM noriega.nigel@epa.gov OI Noriega, Nigel/0000-0002-1365-8683; Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 41 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1324 EP 1335 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.104.031385 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 928TV UT WOS:000229295500005 PM 15673607 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Buckalew, AR Leffler, KE AF Abbott, BD Buckalew, AR Leffler, KE TI Effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on fusion of embryonic palates in serum-free organ culture using wild-type, EGF knockout, and TGF alpha knockout mouse strains SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol DE cleft palate; EGF; TGF alpha; TCDD; organ culture ID EPITHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; FACTOR RECEPTOR; MICE LACKING; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RETINOIC ACID; CLEFT-PALATE; TCDD; SHELVES; INVITRO; EXPRESSION AB BACKGROUND: 2,3,7,8-Tetrad-dorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is teratogenic in mice, producing cleft palate (CP). TCDD exposure disrupts expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, EGF, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) in the palate and affects proliferation and differentiation of medial epithelial cells. EGF knockout embryos are less susceptible to the induction of CP by TCDD. This study used palate organ culture to examine the hypothesis that EGF enables a response to TCDD. METHODS: The midfacial tissues from wild-type (WT), EGF knockout, C57BL/6j, and TGF alpha knockout embryos were placed in organ culture on gestational day (GD) 12. Palatal explants were cultured for 4 days in serum-free Bigger's (BGJ) medium with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or I X 10(-8) M TCDD with or without 2 ng of EGF/ml, 1 or 2 ng of TGF alpha/ml. Effects on palatal fusion were evaluated on day 4 of culture. EGF levels in explants and medium were determined using Luminex technology. RESULTS: In serum-free, control medium, palates from all of the strains fused. EGF knockout palates cultured with TCDD (no EGF) fused, but those cultured with TCDD + 2 ng of EGF/ml failed to fuse (p < 0.05 vs. control or TCDD without EGF). TGF alpha knockout palates failed to fuse when cultured with TCDD + 2 ng of TGF alpha/ml. EGF levels increased in tissue and accumulated in the medium after 24 hr of culture. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that providing EGF to the palates of EGF knockout mice restored the response to TCDD. These studies support the hypothesis that the mechanism for induction of CP by TCDD is mediated via the EGFR pathway. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div MD67, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div MD67, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1002/bdra.20133 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 937BW UT WOS:000229900600007 PM 15880701 ER PT J AU Harrouk, WA Wheeler, KE Kimmel, GL Hogan, KA Kimmel, CA AF Harrouk, WA Wheeler, KE Kimmel, GL Hogan, KA Kimmel, CA TI Effects of hyperthermia development and boric acid on skeletal in rat embryos SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperthermia; boric acid; skeleton; segmentation defects; combination exposure; rat; development ID GENE-EXPRESSION DOMAINS; CERVICAL-VERTEBRAE; HEAT EXPOSURE; IN-VITRO; MICE; TRANSFORMATIONS; TERATOGENICITY; TOXICITY; DEFECTS; SHIFTS AB BACKGROUND: The individual effects of boric acid (BA) and hyperthermia on the development of the axial skeleton have been reported previously. Both cause an increased incidence of axial skeletal defects including a decrease in the total number of ribs and vertebrae. Because of the similarity in the effects of the two agents, we examined their interaction when given in combination to pregnant rats on gestational day (GD) 10. METHODS: Dams were treated on GD 10 with BA (0, 250, or 500 mg/kg) and hyperthermia (37, 41, or 42 degrees C) and allowed to deliver their pups. Doses of BA were based on results from a close-finding study. Litters were evaluated on postnatal days (PND) 1 and 3 for number, gender, and weight of pups. On PND3, pups were examined externally and viscerally, and double-stained for skeletal evaluation. RESULTS: A dose-dependent, statistically significant increase in fetal skeletal defects was seen on PND 3 with BA or hyperthermia alone with even greater effects when given in combination. Defects included rib and vertebral fusions, split vertebral centra in the thoracic and lumbar areas, and a decrease in the total number of ribs and vertebrae. CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of skeletal defects resulting from combined exposure to hyperthermia and BA was additive for segmentation defects and synergistic for the reduction in numbers of vertebrae. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US FDA, Div Reprod & Urol Drug Prod, CDER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Harrouk, WA (reprint author), US FDA, Div Reprod & Urol Drug Prod, CDER, 5600 Fishers Lane,17B-45,Mail Stop HFD-580, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM harroukw@cder.fda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 3 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20047 PG 9 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 942BF UT WOS:000230257200007 PM 15954087 ER PT J AU Oehler, MW Bleich, VC Bowyer, RT Nicholson, MC AF Oehler, MW Bleich, VC Bowyer, RT Nicholson, MC TI Mountain sheep and mining: Implications for conservation and management SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP; SOUTHERN MULE DEER; ALASKAN MOOSE; HABITAT SELECTION; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; WESTERN ARIZONA; DALLS SHEEP; PREDATION; ELK; BEHAVIOR AB Opportunities to quantitatively assess responses of ungulates to mineral extraction have been limited. Reasons for this dearth of research include a lack of adequate funding, available personnel, and logistical constraints. In 1992, a request was submitted to the Bureau of Land Management by a mining company for permission to extract and process gold ore in the Panamint Range, Inyo County, California, near a spring presumed to be critically important to mountain sheep, Ovis canadensis. Ensuing compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act resulted in funds to monitor effects of mining activities on mountain sheep inhabiting that area. Because funding was not released until similar to 8 months prior to construction and operation of the mine, we were unable to adequately address the pre-mining ecology of sheep in the "affected" area. We therefore employed a simultaneous treatment-control study designed to test several hypotheses regarding effects of mining activities on habitat selection, demographics, home-range dynamics, foraging activities, and composition and quality of diet for mountain sheep during 1995-1997. During our 3-yr study, we radiocollared and monitored 86% (n = 19) of all adult female sheep known to exist within the mined (treatment) and nonmined (control) areas. Size of annual home ranges, composition of diet, and ratios of young to adult females did not differ between female sheep inhabiting mined and nonmined areas. The nonmined area contained more annual plants, succulents, and perennial forbs than did the mined area, whereas abundance of shrubs, quality of forage, and relative abundance of carnivores did not differ between sites. During spring, female sheep adjacent to the mine spent more time foraging and had a lower-quality diet than those in the nonmined area. Conversely, during summer and autumn, female sheep from the mined area spent less time foraging than those in the nonmined area, but continued to have a lower-quality diet. All females were nearest water in summer compared with other seasons. During all seasons, females selected sites with more mixed-woody scrub, lower elevations, steeper slopes, and less visibility than available at random locations. We observed the greatest disparities between study areas in time spent foraging and diet quality during summer. In summer, females from the mined area were nearest to the mine; amount of explosives used, frequency of blasting, and amount of ore hauled from the mine were greatest during that period. Because of their reliance on a source of permanent water adjacent to the mine during summer and autumn, we hypothesize that female sheep from the mined area spent more time vigilant during those seasons and, consequently, less time foraging than conspecifics in the nonmined area. If outcomes we observed persist for mountain sheep in the mined area, reduced nutrient intake could have demographic consequences for that subpopulation. Thus, providing a reliable source of water away from the mine, or reducing mining activity during summer, may benefit mountain sheep that currently use areas adjacent to the mine. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Medora, ND 58645 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Oehler, MW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Theodore Roosevelt Natl Pk,315 2nd Ave, Medora, ND 58645 USA. EM Michael_Oehler@nps.gov NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 149 EP 178 PG 30 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 945BI UT WOS:000230475200001 ER PT J AU Johnston, RJ Besedin, EY Iovanna, R Miller, CJ Wardwell, RF Ranson, MH AF Johnston, RJ Besedin, EY Iovanna, R Miller, CJ Wardwell, RF Ranson, MH TI Systematic variation in willingness to pay for aquatic resource improvements and implications for benefit transfer: a meta-analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS; WATER-QUALITY; VALUES; MARKET; EXISTENCE; VALIDITY; RIVERS AB Researchers are increasingly considering benefit transfer approaches that allow welfare measures to be adjusted for characteristics of the policy context. The validity and reliability of such adjustments, however, depends on the presence of systematic variation in underlying WTP This paper describes a meta-analysis conducted to identify systematic components of WTP for aquatic resource improvements. Model results reveal systematic patterns in WTP unapparent from stated preference models considered in isolation, and suggest that observable attributes account for a substantial proportion of the variance in WTP estimates across studies. The analysis also exposes challenges faced in development, estimation, and interpretation of meta-models for benefit transfer and welfare guidance. These challenges remain salient even in cases where the statistical performance of meta-models is satisfactory. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Environm Trade & Agr Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnston, RJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant Off, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM robert.johnston@uconn.edu; elena_besedin@abtassoc.com; iovanna.rich@epamail.epa.gov; chrismiller@fs.fed.us; ryan.wardwell.2006@marshall.usc.edu; matthew_ranson@abtassoc.com NR 59 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD JUN-SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 221 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2005.04018.x PG 28 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 950JT UT WOS:000230854100007 ER PT J AU Brazner, JC Tanner, DK Detenbeck, NE Batterman, SL Stark, SL Jagger, LA Snarski, VM AF Brazner, JC Tanner, DK Detenbeck, NE Batterman, SL Stark, SL Jagger, LA Snarski, VM TI Regional, watershed, and site-specific environmental influences on fish assemblage structure and function in western Lake Superior tributaries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; STREAM FISHES; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; QUALITY; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB The relative importance of regional, watershed, and in-stream environmental factors on fish assemblage structure and function was investigated in western Lake Superior tributaries. We selected 48 second- and third-order watersheds from two hydrogeomorphic regions to examine fish assemblage response to differences in forest fragmentation, watershed storage, and a number of other watershed, riparian, and in-stream habitat conditions. Although a variety of regional, fragmentation, and storage-related factors had significant influences on the fish assemblages, water temperature appeared to be the single most important environmental factor. We found lower water temperatures and trout-sculpin assemblages at lower fragmentation sites and higher temperatures and minnow-sucker-darter assemblages as storage increased. Factors related to riparian shading and flow separated brook trout streams from brown trout (Salmo trutta) - rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) streams. Functionally, fish assemblages at lower fragmentation sites were dominated by cold-water fishes that had low silt tolerance and preferred moderate current speeds, while fishes with higher silt tolerances, warmer temperature preferences, and weaker sustained swimming capabilities were most common at higher storage sites. Our results suggest that site-specific environmental conditions are highly dependent on regional- and watershed-scale characters and that a combination of these factors operates in concert to influence the structure and function of stream fish assemblages. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA USA. RP Brazner, JC (reprint author), 29 Powers Dr, Herring Cove, NS B3V 1G6, Canada. EM johnbrazner@eastlink.ca NR 68 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1270 DI 10.1139/F05-031 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400006 ER PT J AU Umbuzeiro, GDA Freeman, HS Warren, SH de Oliveira, DP Terao, Y Watanabe, T Claxton, LD AF Umbuzeiro, GDA Freeman, HS Warren, SH de Oliveira, DP Terao, Y Watanabe, T Claxton, LD TI The contribution of azo dyes to the mutagenic activity of the Cristais River SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE azo dyes; water contamination; salmonella; textile effluent; water pollution; mutagenicity; TLC; Disperse blue 373; Disperse violet 93; Disperse orange 37 ID SALMONELLA ASSAY; PAULO STATE; WATER; SYSTEM; BIODEGRADATION; SENSITIVITY; DERIVATIVES; EFFLUENTS; TOXICITY; BRAZIL AB To verify whether dyes emitted within the discharge of a dye processing plant were contributing to the mutagenicity repeatedly found in the Cristais River, Sao Paulo, Brazil, we chemically characterized the following mutagenic samples: the treated industrial effluent, raw and treated water, and the sludge produced by a Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) located similar to 6 km from the industrial discharge. Considering that 20% of the dyes used for coloring activities might be lost to wastewaters and knowing that several dyes have mutagenic activity, we decided to analyze the samples for the presence of dyes. Thin layer chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of three prevalent dyes in all samples, except for the drinking water. This combination of dyes corresponded to a commercial product used by the industry, and it tested positive in the Salmonella assay. The structures of the dye components were determined using proton magnetic resonance and mass spectrometric (MS) methods, and the dyes were tested for mutagenicity. The blue component was identified as the C.I. Disperse Blue 373, the violet as C.I. Disperse Violet 93, and the orange as C.I. Disperse Orange 37. The dyes showed mutagenic responses of 6300, 4600, and 280 revertants/mu g for YG1041 with S9 respectively. A bioassay-directed fractionation/chemical analysis showed that the C.I. Disperse Blue 373 contributed 55% of the mutagenic activity of the DWTP sludge. We showed that these dyes contributed to the mutagenic activity found in the Cristais River environmental samples analyzed and are indirectly affecting the quality of the related drinking water. Therefore, we believe that this type of discharge should be more thoroughly characterized chemically and toxicologically. Additionally, human and ecological risks associated with the release of dye processing plant effluents should be more fully investigated, especially where the resultant water is taken for human consumption. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Cia Tecnol Saneamento Ambiental, CETESB, B-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, B-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Shizuoka, Grad Sch Nutr & Environm Sci, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. Kyoto Pharmaceut Univ, Kyoto 607, Japan. RP Umbuzeiro, GDA (reprint author), Cia Tecnol Saneamento Ambiental, CETESB, Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr,345, B-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM giselav@cetesb.sp.gov.br; claxton.larry@epa.gov RI Oliveira, Danielle/C-4754-2012; Umbuzeiro, Gisela/H-4603-2011; OI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/0000-0002-8623-5200; Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 31 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 7 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.100 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938EV UT WOS:000229983600008 PM 15910902 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Carls, MG Short, JW Rice, SD Heintz, RA Rau, M Di Giulio, R AF Barron, MG Carls, MG Short, JW Rice, SD Heintz, RA Rau, M Di Giulio, R TI Assessment of the phototoxicity of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil to juvenile pink salmon SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE oil; phototoxicity; salmon; ultraviolet radiation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; LARVAE; SPILL AB Petroleum products are known to have greater toxicity to the translucent embryos and larvae of aquatic organisms in the presence of ultraviolet radiation (UV) compared to toxicity determined in tests performed under standard laboratory lighting with minimal UV. This study assessed the acute phototoxicity of the water accommodated fractions of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS) to juvenile pink salmon, which are a heavily pigmented life stage. Fish in the highest ANS treatments exhibited melanosis, less mobility, reduced startle response, erratic swimming, and loss of equilibrium. Gills from fish exposed to ANS had elevated levels of hydroperoxides in oil-only, UV-only, and oil + UV treatments compared to control fish, which was indicative of increased lipid peroxidation in gill tissue. Under the test conditions of moderate salinity, low UV and high short-term oil exposure there were no indications of photoenhanced toxicity as assessed by elevation of mortality, behavioral impairment, or gill lipid peroxidation in oil + UV treatments. The results of this study suggest that pink salmon may be at less risk from photoenhanced toxicity compared to the translucent early-life stages of several other Alaska species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 PEAK Res, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99821 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, GED, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938EV UT WOS:000229983600015 PM 15910909 ER PT J AU Hall, TMT AF Hall, TMT TI Multiple modes of RNA recognition by zinc finger proteins SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IIIA; INTERNAL CONTROL REGION; AU-RICH ELEMENTS; MESSENGER-RNA; 5S RNA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DNA RECOGNITION; XENOPUS OOCYTES; SEQUENCE; TRISTETRAPROLIN AB Zinc finger proteins are generally thought of as DNA-binding transcription factors; however, certain classes of zinc finger proteins, including the common C2H2 zinc fingers, function as RNA-binding proteins. Recent structural studies of the C2H2 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) and the CCCH zinc fingers of Tis11d in complex with their RNA targets have revealed new modes of zinc finger interaction with nucleic acid. The three C2H2 zinc fingers of TFIIIA use two modes of RNA recognition that differ from the classical mode of DNA recognition, whereas the CCCH zinc fingers of Tis11d recognize specific AU-rich sequences through backbone atom interaction with the Watson-Crick edges of the adenine and uracil bases. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hall, TMT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hall4@niehs.nih.gov NR 31 TC 133 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 23 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.04.004 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 943VA UT WOS:000230381600017 PM 15963892 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Bennett, RS AF Etterson, MA Bennett, RS TI Including transition probabilities in nest survival estimation: A Mayfield Markov chain SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biased estimates; Markov chain; Mayfield model; multistate models; nest-monitoring interval; nest-survival; transition probabilities ID SUCCESS AB Mayfield estimates of daily survival are the most commonly available nest survival estimates in the ecological and ornithological literature. However, application of the Mayfield technique requires assumptions about the distributions of hatching and fledging events that are violated in most empirical data sets. We unified several variants of the Mayfield model using a discrete Markov chain formulation and used this formulation to study the effects of assumptions about transition probabilities under varying distributions of discovery probability. In general, bias in estimated survival was greatest when nests were most likely to be discovered late in the nesting cycle. Assuming that hatching and fledging events occur at the midpoint of an observation, or with uniform probability during an observation, also resulted in large biases. Estimates of standard error of daily survival and overall success were much more accurate and consistent. Knowing the nest age can greatly reduce bias but increases the invasiveness of monitoring and requires incorporation of transition probabilities in the Mayfield likelihood function. Based on our simulation results, we suggest that traditional Mayfield models are likely to provide adequate estimates for most applications if nests are monitored at intervals of no longer than three days. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1414 EP 1421 DI 10.1890/04-1181 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QQ UT WOS:000229723700006 ER PT J AU Pawlowski, CW Fath, BD Mayer, AL Cabezas, H AF Pawlowski, CW Fath, BD Mayer, AL Cabezas, H TI Towards a sustainability index using information theory SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA ID SYSTEMS AB We explore the use of Fisher Information as a basis for an index of sustainability. Sustainability of an ecosystem refers to the robustness of a preferred dynamic regime to human and natural disturbances. Ecosystems under perturbations of varying regularity and intensity can either remain within the current regime or transition into the neighbourhood of a regime with different (viz. less desirable) characteristics. The Fisher Information index we develop is based on the probability of finding the system in a particular state. We apply the index to a 10-compartment food web model with five functional groups: detritus, primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, and an omnivore. Fisher Information is shown to be sensitive to transients in model generated data. Such transients can be indicative of a transition to a new dynamic regime. Early detection of transitions to undesirable regimes may permit management intervention. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1221 EP 1231 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.02.008 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 919OQ UT WOS:000228627800002 ER PT J AU Arbes, SJ Sever, M Vaughn, B Mehta, J Lynch, JT Mitchell, H Hoppin, JA Spencer, HL Sandler, DP Zeldin, DC AF Arbes, SJ Sever, M Vaughn, B Mehta, J Lynch, JT Mitchell, H Hoppin, JA Spencer, HL Sandler, DP Zeldin, DC TI Feasibility of using subject-collected dust samples in epidemiologic and clinical studies of indoor allergens SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE allergens; environment; epidemiology; sampling ID DER-P-I; MITE; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; RISK; SENSITIZATION; DESIGN; VARIABILITY; ENDOTOXIN; CAT AB Studies of indoor aflergen exposures are often limited by the cost and logistics of sending technicians to homes to collect dust. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of having subjects collect their own dust samples. The objectives were to compare allergen concentrations between subject- and technician-collected samples and to examine the sample return rate. Using a dust collection device and written instructions provided to them by mail, 102 subjects collected a combined dust sample from a bed and bedroom floor. Later the same day, a technician collected a side-by-side sample. Dust samples were weighed and analyzed for the cat allergen Fel d 1 and the dust mite allergen Der p 1. Fifty additional subjects who were enrolled by telephone were mailed dust collection packages and asked to return a dust sample and questionnaire by mail. A technician did not visit their homes. Correlations between subject- and technician-collected samples were strong for concentrations of Fel d 1 (r = 0.88) and Der p 1 (r = 0.87). With allergen concentrations dichotomized at lower limits of detection and clinically relevant thresholds, agreements between methodologies ranged from 91 to 98%. Although dust weights were correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), subjects collected lighter samples. Among the group of 50 subjects, 46 returned a dust sample and completed questionnaire. The median number of days to receive a sample was 15. With some limitations, subject-collected dust sampling appears to be a valid and practical option for epidemiologic and clinical studies that report allergen concentration as a measure of exposure. C1 NIEHS, Lab Resp Biol, Div Intramural Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Resp Biol, Div Intramural Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 6 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1289/ehp.7648 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 931BL UT WOS:000229460700025 PM 15929886 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Svec, MA Blair, A Rusiecki, JA Dosemeci, M Alavanja, MC Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP AF De Roos, AJ Svec, MA Blair, A Rusiecki, JA Dosemeci, M Alavanja, MC Hoppin, JA Sandler, DP TI Glyphosate results revisited: De Roos et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID ROUNDUP C1 Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP De Roos, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deroos@u.washington.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 6 BP A366 EP A367 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 931BL UT WOS:000229460700006 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Sivaganesan, S AF Sivaganesan, M Sivaganesan, S TI Effect of lot variability on ultraviolet radiation inactivation kinetics of Ctyptosporidium parvum oocysts SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM-PRESSURE; WATER AB Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) radiation for the inactivation of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum. In these studies inactivation is measured as reduction in oocysts. A primary goal is to estimate the UV radiation required to achieve a high degree of inactivation. Different lots of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are used in these studies, and the inactivation rate may vary depending on the lot of oocysts used. The goal of this paper is to account for the error in estimating the amount of inactivation after exposure to UV radiation, and for the effect of lot variability in determining the required UV radiation. A Bayesian approach is used to simultaneously model the logistic dose-response model and the UV inactivation kinetic model. The oocysts lot variability is incorporated using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Posterior distributions using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to obtain estimates and Bayesian credible interval for the required UV radiation to achieve a given inactivation level of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Director Water Supply Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Director Water Supply Resources Div, 26 W Main Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sivaganesan.mano@epa.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4166 EP 4171 DI 10.1021/es0489083 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200046 PM 15984796 ER PT J AU Kim, E Hopke, PK Pinto, JP Wilson, WE AF Kim, E Hopke, PK Pinto, JP Wilson, WE TI Spatial variability of fine particle mass, components, and source contributions during the regional air pollution study in St. Louis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; CHEMICAL-ELEMENT BALANCE; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; DAILY MORTALITY; PM2.5; MODELS; ASSOCIATION; PHOENIX AB Community time-series epidemiology typically uses either 24-hour integrated particulate matter (PM) concentrations averaged across several monitors in a city or data obtained at a central monitoring site to relate PM concentrations to human health effects. If the day-to-day variations in 24-hour integrated concentrations differ substantially across an urban area (i.e., daily measurements at monitors at different locations are not highly correlated), then there is a significant potential for exposure misclassification in community time-series epidemiology. If the annual average concentration differs across an urban area, then there is a potential for exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies that use annual averages (or multi-year averages) as an index of exposure across different cities. The spatial variability in PM(2.)5 (particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter), its elemental components, and the contributions from each source category at 10 monitoring sites in St. Louis, Missouri were characterized using the ambient PM2.5 compositional data set of the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) based on the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS) conducted between 1975 and 1977. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to each ambient PM2.5 compositional data set to estimate the contributions from the source categories. The spatial distributions of components and source contributions to PM2.5 at the 10 sites were characterized using Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of divergence. Sulfur and PM2.5 are highly correlated elements between all of the site pairs Although the secondary sulfate is the most highly correlated and shows the smallest spatial variability, there is a factor of 1.7 difference in secondary sulfate contributions between the highest and lowest site on average. Motor vehicles represent the next most highly correlated source component. However, there is a factor of 3.6 difference in motor vehicle contributions between the highest and lowest sites. The contributions from point source categories are much more variable. For example, the contributions from incinerators show a difference of a factor of 12.5 between the sites with the lowest and highest contributions. This study demonstrates that the spatial distributions of elemental components of PM2.5 and contributions from source categories can be highly heterogeneous within a given airshed and thus, there is the potential for exposure misclassification when a limited number of ambient PM monitors are used to represent population-average ambient exposures. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 44 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4172 EP 4179 DI 10.1021/es049824x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200047 PM 15984797 ER PT J AU Shaw-Allen, PL Romanek, CS Bryan, AL Brant, H Jagoe, CH AF Shaw-Allen, PL Romanek, CS Bryan, AL Brant, H Jagoe, CH TI Shifts in relative tissue delta N-15 values in snowy egret nestlings with dietary mercury exposure: A marker for increased protein degradation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SATURATION ASSAY; GREAT EGRET; FOOD-WEB; TURNOVER; RATES; METALLOTHIONEIN; GLUTATHIONE; MECHANISMS; DELTA-C-13 AB Shifts in tissue nitrogen isotope composition may be a more sensitive general indicator of stress than measurement of high-turnover defensive biomolecules such as metallothionein and glutathione. As a physical resource transmitted along the trophic web, perturbations in protein nitrogen metabolism may also help resolve issues concerning the effects of contaminants on organisms and their consequential hierarchical linkages in ecotoxicology. Snowy egret nestlings (Egretta thula) fed mercury-contaminated diets of constant nitrogen isotope composition exhibited increased relative delta(15)N values in whole liver (P = 0.0011) and the acid-soluble fraction (ASF) of the liver (p = 0.0005) when compared to nestlings fed a reference diet. When nitrogen isotope data were adjusted for the source term of the diet, liver mercury concentrations corresponded with both whole liver relative N-15 enrichment (r(2) = 0.79, slope 0.009, p < 0.0001) and relative N-15 enrichment in the acid-soluble fraction of the liver (r(2) = 0.85, slope 0.026, p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, significant differences were not observed in hepatic levels of the metal-binding peptides metallothionein and glutathione despite a nearly 3-fold difference in liver mercury content. Because increases in tissue delta(15)N values result from increased rates of protein breakdown relative to synthesis, we propose that the increased relative liver delta(15)N values reflect a shift in protein metabolism. The relationship between ASF and mercury was significantly stronger (p < 0.0001) than that for whole liver, suggesting that the relationship is driven by an increase in bodily derived amino acids in the acid-soluble, free amino acid pool. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Ecotoxicol Remediat & Risk Assessment Grp, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Shaw-Allen, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W MLK,MS A-130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Shaw-Allen.Patricia@EPA.gov NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4226 EP 4233 DI 10.1021/es0483950 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200054 PM 15984804 ER PT J AU Ostermeier, CG Goodrich, RJ Diamond, MP Dix, DJ Krawetz, SA AF Ostermeier, CG Goodrich, RJ Diamond, MP Dix, DJ Krawetz, SA TI Toward using stable spermatozoal RNAs for prognostic assessment of male factor fertility SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE cryopreservation; microarray; sperm transcripts; RNA; diagnosis ID SEMEN PARAMETERS; SPERM; INFERTILITY; POPULATION; MOTILITY; QUALITY; MEN AB Objective: To establish the stability of spermatozoal RNAs as a means to validate their use as a male fertility marker. Design: Semen samples were randomly selected for I of 3 cryopreservation treatments. Setting: An academic research environment. Patient(s): Men aged 19 to 55 years who had fathered a child by natural conception within the past 6 months. Intervention(s): Ejaculates were collected by masturbation and total spermatozoan RNA was isolated from two semen samples of ideal quality; one sample of medium quality, having been subjected to an additional freeze-thaw cycle. and two samples of poor quality, having been Subjected to a third freeze-thaw cycle. Main Outcome Measure(S): Labeled cDNAs were generated and then used to interrogate Atlas Nylon Human Toxicology 1.2 microarrays. The spermatozoan transcriptomes were compared using a binomial approach. Result(S): The analysis identified a total of 228 unique spermatozoal transcripts among all samples. The medium quality sample shared 98% and 39% of its RNAs with the ideal and poor quality samples, respectively. A set of 36 RNAs resistant to insult were observed, some of which have been implicated in regulating male fertility, when all individuals were compared. Conclusion(s): These results support the view that a population of spermatozoal RNAs is rapidly degraded in response to insult, whereas another population appears protected from such damage. Because spermatozoal RNAs echo the gene expression of spermatogenesis, the latter is likely to prove useful as a clinical maker of fertility status. (c) 2005 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Ctr Comp Sci, Detroit, MI USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Krawetz, SA (reprint author), 253 CS Mott Ctr,275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM steve@compbio.med.wayne.edu OI Diamond, Michael/0000-0001-6353-4489 FU NICHD NIH HHS [U10 HD-390] NR 26 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1687 EP 1694 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.046 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 935FI UT WOS:000229764600013 PM 15950637 ER PT J AU Sykes, K AF Sykes, K TI A healthy environment for older adults: The aging initiative of the environmental protection agency SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HEAT-WAVE; DEATHS C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sykes, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD SUM PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 965XU UT WOS:000231985000012 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Radiation biology: Concepts for radiation protection SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE reviews; biokinetics; radiobiology; Health Physics Society ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; HUMAN DNA-REPAIR; IONIZING-RADIATION; X-RAYS; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DOSE-RESPONSE; CHROMATID ABERRATIONS AB The opportunity to write a historical review of the field of radiation biology allows for the viewing of the development and maturity of a field of study, thereby being able to provide the appropriate context for the earlier years of research and its findings. The pioneering work of Muller, Sax, and McClintock, and many others, has stood the test of time. The idea that x-rays could damage the genetic material and result in interactions that could lead to gene mutations and a range of chromosomal alterations is now interpretable in terms of induced DNA damage and errors of DNA repair. The expanded idea that such genetic alterations can be induced by DNA damage that is produced by one or two tracks of ionizing radiation remains the mainstay of radiation biology. The impact of the more recent molecular approaches to unraveling the mechanism behind this simple concept has confirmed this fundamental observation. The remarkable advances have allowed for a fairly complete understanding of the specific types of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiations and the pivotal role played by the errors of repair of double-strand breaks. Given our considerably enhanced knowledge of the details of the DNA repair processes involved, misrepair is a very unlikely event. The role of potential confounders of the concept of dose-response (e.g., bystander effects, genomic instability, and adaptive responses) is taking on a growing importance to the field. The evolving need is to begin to consider mechanistically-based dose-response models for cancer risk such that any potential impact of confounders on the response at low, environmental doses can be assessed. Thus, radiation biology research has always had a focus on how best to protect human health from radiation exposures and will continue to do so. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 101 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1097/00004032-200506000-00003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 925EE UT WOS:000229033500003 PM 15891452 ER PT J AU Ryan, BC Gray, LE Crofton, KM Vandenbergh, JG AF Ryan, BC Gray, LE Crofton, KM Vandenbergh, JG TI Developmental exposure to environmental estrogens alters adult behavior and physiology in the rat SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Behavioral-Neuroendocrinology CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX SP Soc Behav Neuroendocrinol HO Univ Texas Austin C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 MA 202 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 934KR UT WOS:000229708200210 ER PT J AU Jarabek, AM Asgharian, B Miller, FJ AF Jarabek, AM Asgharian, B Miller, FJ TI Dosimetric adjustments for interspecies extrapolation of inhaled poorly soluble particles (PSP) SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS; HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MULTIPLE-PATH MODEL; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN-LUNG; INSOLUBLE PARTICLES; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; RAT LUNG; FLY-ASH AB Direct calculation of delivered dose in the species of interest potentially affects the magnitude of an uncertainty factor needed to address extrapolation of laboratory animal data to equivalent human exposure scenarios, thereby improving the accuracy of human health risk estimates. Development of an inhalation reference concentration (RfC) typically involves extrapolation of an effect level observed in a laboratory animal exposure study to a level of exposure in humans that is not expected to result in an appreciable health risk. The default dose metric used for respiratory effects is the average deposited dose normalized by regional surface area. However, the most relevant dose metric is generally one that is most closely associated with the mode of action leading to the response. Critical factors in determining the best dose metric to characterize the dose-response relationship include the following: the nature of the biological response being examined; the magnitude, duration, and frequency of the intended exposure scenario; and the mechanisms by which the toxicants exert their effects. Dosimetry models provide mechanistic descriptions of these critical factors and can compute species-specific dose metrics. In this article, various dose metrics are postulated based on potential modes of action for poorly soluble particles (PSP). Dosimetry models are used to extrapolate the internal dose metric across species and to estimate the human equivalent concentration (HEC). Dosimetry models for the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of humans and rats are used to calculate deposition and retention using the principle of particle mass balance in the lower respiratory tract. Realistic asymmetric lung geometries using detailed morphometric measurements of the tracheobronchial ( TB) airways in rats and humans are employed in model calculations. Various dose metrics are considered for the TB and pulmonary ( P) regions. Because time is an explicit parameter incorporated in species-specific constants such as mucociliary clearance rates used in the models, the impact of the application of optimal model structures to refine adjustments and assumptions used in default risk assessment approaches to address exposure duration are discussed. HEC estimates were found for particles ranging in sizes that corresponded to existing toxicity studies of PSP (0.3 to 5 μ m). A dose metric expressed as number of particles per biologically motivated normalization factors (e.g., number of ventilatory units, number of alveoli, and number of macrophages) was lower than the current default of mass normalized to regional surface area for either deposited or retained dose estimates. Retained dose estimates were lower than deposited dose estimates across all particle sizes evaluated. Dose metrics based on the deposited mass per unit area in small and large airways of the TB region indicate HECs of 1 to 5 times those of rats: that is, an equivalent exposure to humans which would achieve the same internal dose as in the rat would be 1 to 5 times greater. HEC estimates in the TB region increase with an increase in particle size for particles from 0.3 to &LE; 2 μ m, then decrease with an increase in particle size for particles >2 μ m in the small airways and >3 μ m in the large airways. The HEC decreases with increase in particle size in the P region across all particle sizes studied, and the decrease has a more significant slope for those particles >2 μ m due to the limited inhalability of particles this size in rats relative to humans. Our modeling results elucidate a number of important issues to be considered in assessing current default approaches to dosimetry adjustment for inhaled PSP. Simulation of realistic, polydisperse particle distributions for the human exposure scenario results in reduced HEC estimates compared to estimates derived with the experimental particle distribution used in the laboratory animal study. Consideration should be given also to replacing the default dose metric of normalized deposited dose in the P region with normalized retained dose. Chronic effects are more likely due to retained dose and estimates calculated using retained versus deposited mass are shown to be lower across all particle sizes. Because dose metrics based on normalized particle number rather than normalized mass result in lower HEC estimates, use of inhaled mass as the default should also be revisited, if the pathogenesis suggests particle number determines the mode of action. Based on demonstrated age differences, future work should pursue the construction of "lifetime" estimates calculated by sequentially appending simulations for each specific age span. C1 Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Asgharian, B (reprint author), Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Ctr Hlth Res, 6 Davis Dr,POB 12137, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM basgharian@ciit.org NR 81 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.1080/08958370590929394 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 924UP UT WOS:000229006300001 PM 16020031 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Wilson, WE Grant, LD AF Brown, JS Wilson, WE Grant, LD TI Dosimetric comparisons of particle deposition and retention in rats and humans SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PARTICLES; POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICLES; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS; AMBIENT AIR PARTICLES; PULMONARY RESPONSES; FLY-ASH; SUBCHRONIC INHALATION; MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE; INSOLUBLE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Much of the information on the toxicity of particulate matter ( PM) comes from studies in which laboratory rats were exposed to PM by inhalation or instillation. Optimal use of these toxicologic data requires extrapolation to the human scenario. Assuming that comparable doses should cause comparable effects across species and that species respond similarly to a given dose at a target site, extrapolations only require that dose be defined and then characterized. Dose may be defined in terms of a PM indicator ( e. g., particle number or mass), a respiratory region, and the time over which the dose is integrated (i.e., deposited versus retained dose and incremental versus accumulated dose). Dose must also be normalized: for example, unit of dose per body mass, respiratory region surface area, or number of alveolar macrophages. The parameters chosen to define a normalized dose can drastically affect the rat exposure concentration required to provide a normalized dose equivalent to that occurring in a human. The publicly available multiple path particle dosimetry model developed by CIIT Centers for Health Research was used to predict particle deposition and retention in rats and humans. Estimates of particle concentration and exposure duration required for a rat to receive the same dose as received by a human were obtained with consideration of daily activity levels and ambient PM size distributions. These techniques were also used to compare dose and response between rats and humans in several published studies. Results indicate that the relationship between PM dose and response may differ between rats and humans. For acute PM exposures, rats may be less susceptible to inflammatory responses than humans. For chronic exposures to high levels of PM, however, an overload of alveolar clearance in rats may cause them to become more susceptible than humans to adverse pulmonary effects. The dosimetric calculations indicate that to achieve nominally similar acute doses per surface area in rats, relative to humans undergoing moderate to high exertion, PM exposure concentrations for rats would need to be somewhat higher than for humans. Since the clearance of PM is faster from the lung of rats than humans, much higher exposure concentrations are required for the rat to simulate retained burdens. In other cases, rats will require lower exposures than humans to have comparable doses, illustrating the complexity of such analyses. To make accurate estimates of dose, it is essential to have accurate and complete information regarding exposure conditions-that is, not only concentration and duration of exposure, but also the aerosol size distribution. Establishing a firm linkage between exposure and dose requires that consideration be given to particle characteristics, definitions of dose metrics, and biological normalizing factors. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment RTP, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM brown.james@epa.gov NR 53 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 355 EP 385 DI 10.1080/08958370590929475 PG 31 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 924UP UT WOS:000229006300004 PM 16020034 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Jaques, PA AF Kim, CS Jaques, PA TI Total lung deposition of ultrafine particles in elderly subjects during controlled breathing SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FINE PARTICLES; HEALTHY-ADULTS; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; VARIABILITY AB Ultrafine particulate matter ( PM) in the air may be harmful to health, particularly in elderly subjects. From the dosimetry point of view, it is not known if the elderly subjects are more susceptible to exposure to ultrafine PM. We measured the total deposition fraction (TDF) of ultrafine PM (NMD=0.04-0.1 μ m in number median diameter) in the lungs of healthy, elderly subjects (age=69 &PLUSMN; 5 yr) and compared the results with those obtained from young adults (age=31 &PLUSMN; 4 yr) in an earlier study. Subjects inhaled the aerosols with six different breathing patterns: three different tidal volumes (V-t=500, 750, and 1000 ml) and two flow rates (Q) for each V-t. TDF was measured breath by breath in situ by measuring aerosol concentrations on inhalation and exhalation using an ultrafine condensation particle counter. Mean TDF (&PLUSMN; SD) of the elderly subjects was 0.43 &PLUSMN; 0.03, 0.36 &PLUSMN; 0.04, 0.31 &PLUSMN; 0.03, and 0.27 &PLUSMN; 0.02 for NMD = 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 μ m, respectively, for V-t = 500 ml and Q = 250 ml/s. These and all other results were very similar to those of young adults. The results suggest that healthy, elderly subjects are not subjected to a greater respiratory dose of ultrafine PM than young adults under the same exposure conditions. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div MD58B, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div MD58B, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kim.chong@epa.gov OI Jaques, Peter/0000-0002-4714-4082 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.1080/08958370590929493 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 924UP UT WOS:000229006300005 PM 16020035 ER PT J AU Vane, LM AF Vane, LM TI A review of pervaporation for product recovery from biomass fermentation processes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE pervaporation; biofuels; product recovery; fermentation ID ACETONE-BUTANOL-ETHANOL; CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION; VIBRATING MEMBRANE MODULE; EXTRACTIVE ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; SILICONE-RUBBER MEMBRANES; B-ZSM-5 ZEOLITE MEMBRANES; GRAFT COPOLYMER MEMBRANE; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; HIGH GAS-PERMEABILITY; SILICALITE MEMBRANE AB Although several separation technologies are technically capable of removing volatile products from fermentation broths, distillation remains the dominant technology. This is especially true for the recovery of biofuels such as ethanol. In this paper, the status of an emerging membrane-based technology, called pervaporation, for this application is reviewed. Several issues and research priorities which will impact the ability of pervaporation to be competitive for biofuel recovery from fermentation systems are identified and discussed. They include: increased energy efficiency; reduction of capital cost for pervaporation systems; longer term trials with actual fermentation broths; optimized integration of pervaporation with fermentor; synergy of performing both alcohol recovery and solvent dehydration by pervaporation with dephlegmation fractional condensation technology; and updated economic analyses of pervaporation at various biofuel production scales. Pervaporation is currently viable for biofuel recovery in a number of situations, but more widespread application will be possible when progress has been made on these issues. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@epa.gov RI 卞, 锐/F-2968-2010 NR 238 TC 314 Z9 336 U1 22 U2 274 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 6 BP 603 EP 629 DI 10.1002/jctb.1265 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 930UE UT WOS:000229441800001 ER PT J AU Tsang, KR Smith, JE AF Tsang, KR Smith, JE TI Challenges in sludge stabilization: Regulatory compliance in the design and operation of facilities SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article C1 Camp Dresser & McKee Inc, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Tsang, KR (reprint author), Camp Dresser & McKee Inc, 5400 Glenwood Ave,Ste 300, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 834 EP 837 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:6(834) PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928IC UT WOS:000229263900003 ER PT J AU Allen, FW AF Allen, FW TI Material flows accounts - Moving from prototypes to practice SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Environm Policy Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Allen, FW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Policy Innovat, 1807T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM allen.derry@epa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1162/1088198054821636 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962MY UT WOS:000231738100003 ER PT J AU Koehler, DA Bennett, DH Norris, GA Spengler, JD AF Koehler, DA Bennett, DH Norris, GA Spengler, JD TI Rethinking environmental performance from a public health perspective - A comparative industry analysis SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cancer risk; chemical emissions; dioxins; economic input-output life-cycle assessment (EIO-LCA); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); toxic release inventory (TRI) ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; CANCER-RISK ASSESSMENT; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; TOXICITY POTENTIALS; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; INTAKE FRACTION; EXPOSURE AB To date the most common measures of environmental performance used to compare industries, and by extension firms or facilities, have been quantity of pollution emitted or hazardous waste generated. Discharge information, however, does not necessarily capture potential health effects. We propose an alternative environmental performance measure that includes the public health risks of toxic air emissions extended to industry supply chains using economic input-output life-cycle assessment. Cancer risk to the U.S. population was determined by applying a damage function to the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) as modeled by CaITOX, a multimedia multi-pathway fate and exposure model. Risks were then translated into social costs using cancer willingness to pay. For a baseline emissions year of 1998, 260 excess cancer cases were calculated for I 16 TRI chemicals, dominated by ingestion risk from polycyclic aromatic compounds and dioxins emitted by the primary aluminum and cement industries, respectively. The direct emissions of a small number of industry sectors account for most of the U.S. population cancer risk. For the majority of industry sectors, however, cancer risk per $1 million output is associated with supply chain upstream emissions. Ranking industries by total (direct + upstream) supply chain risk per economic output leads to different conclusions about the relative hazards associated with these industries than a conventional ranking based on emissions per economic output. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Econ & Decis Sci Sect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sylvatica, N Berwick, ME USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Koehler, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Econ & Decis Sci Sect, 8722F,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Koehler.Dinah@epa.gov NR 105 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 143 EP 167 DI 10.1162/1088198054821627 PG 25 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962MY UT WOS:000231738100012 ER PT J AU Betancourt, DA Dean, TR Menetrez, MY AF Betancourt, DA Dean, TR Menetrez, MY TI Method for evaluating mold growth on ceiling tile SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE mold; masticator; ceiling tile AB A method to extract mold spores from porous ceiling tiles was developed using a masticator blender. Ceiling tiles were inoculated and analyzed using four species of mold. Statistical analysis comparing results obtained by masticator extraction and the swab method was performed. The masticator method was demonstrated as efficient for bulk sampling of ceiling tiles. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Betancourt, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM betancourt.doris@epa.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.12.013 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 911SX UT WOS:000228026200005 PM 15767010 ER PT J AU Szalai, AJ Wu, J Lange, EM McCrory, MA Langefeld, CD Williams, A Zakharkin, SO George, V Allison, DB Cooper, GS Xie, F Fan, Z Edberg, JC Kimberly, RP AF Szalai, AJ Wu, J Lange, EM McCrory, MA Langefeld, CD Williams, A Zakharkin, SO George, V Allison, DB Cooper, GS Xie, F Fan, Z Edberg, JC Kimberly, RP TI Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene promoter that affect transcription factor binding, alter transcriptional activity, and associate with differences in baseline serum CRP level SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM LA English DT Article DE acute-phase reactants; gene regulation; inflammation ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; TRANSGENIC MICE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; C/EBP-BETA; INFLAMMATION; MARKERS; RISK AB To investigate whether functional polymorphisms exist in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene, i.e., ones that contribute directly to differences in baseline CRP among individuals, we sequenced a 1,156-nucleotide-long stretch of the CRP gene promoter in 287 ostensibly healthy people. We identified two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a bi-allelic one at nucleotide -409 (G -> A), and a tri-allelic one at -390 (C -> T -> A), both resident within the hexameric core of transcription factor binding E-box elements. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that the SNP within the sequence (-412)CACGTG(-407) (E-box 1) modulates transcription factor binding, and that the one within (-394)CACTTG(-389) (E-box 2) supports transcription factor binding only when the -390 T allele is present. The commonest of four E-box I/E-box 2 haplotypes (-409G/-390T) identified in the population supported highest promoter activity in luciferase reporter assays, and the rarest one (-409A/-390T) supported the least. Importantly, serum CRP in people with these haplotypes reproduced this rank order, i.e., people with the -409G/-390T haplotype had the highest baseline serum CRP (mean SEM 10.9 +/- 2.25 mu g/ml) and people with the -409A/-390T haplotype had the lowest (5.01 +/- 1.56 mu g/ml). Furthermore, haplotype-associated differences in baseline CRP were not due to differences in age, sex, or race, and were still apparent in people with no history of smoking. At least two other SNPs in the CRP promoter lie within E-box elements (-198 C -> T, E-box 4, and -861 T -> C, E-box 3), indicating that not only is the quality of E-box sites in CRP a major determinant of baseline CRP level, but also that the number of E-boxes may be important. These data confirm that the CRP promoter does encode functional polymorphisms, which should be considered when baseline CRP is being used as an indicator of clinical outcome. Ultimately, development of genetic tests to screen for CRP expression variants could allow categorization of healthy people into groups at high versus low future risk of inflammatory disease. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Szalai, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM Alex.Szalai@ccc.uab.edu OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399; Kimberly, Robert/0000-0002-5330-3086 NR 35 TC 112 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2716 J9 J MOL MED-JMM JI J. Mol. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s00109-005-0658-0 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 944EP UT WOS:000230409400005 PM 15778807 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PR Royl, JE AF Kodavanti, PR Royl, JE TI Gene expression profiles in the developing rat cerebellum and hippocampus SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 942XW UT WOS:000230317200090 ER PT J AU Royl, JE Geller, AM AF Royl, JE Geller, AM TI Gene expression in a retinal model of age-related susceptibility SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 942XW UT WOS:000230317200089 ER PT J AU Yamada, M Araya, R Kitamura, N Kishida, H Mishina, Y AF Yamada, M Araya, R Kitamura, N Kishida, H Mishina, Y TI BMP signaling regulates glial scarring SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Yamada Res Unit, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 942XW UT WOS:000230317200357 ER PT J AU Muleski, GE Cowherd, C Kinsey, JS AF Muleski, GE Cowherd, C Kinsey, JS TI Particulate emissions from construction activities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Although it has long been recognized that road and building construction activity constitutes an important source of particulate matter (PM) emissions throughout the United States, until recently only limited research has been directed to its characterization. This paper presents the results of PM10 and PM2.5 (particles <= 10 mu m and <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter, respectively) emission factor development from the onsite testing of component operations at actual construction sites during the period 1998-2001. Much of the testing effort was directed at earthmoving operations with scrapers, because earthmoving is the most important contributor of PM emissions across the construction industry. Other sources tested were truck loading and dumping of crushed rock and mud and dirt carryout from construction site access points onto adjacent public paved roads. Also tested were the effects of watering for control of scraper travel routes and the use of paved and graveled aprons at construction site access points for reducing mud and dirt carryout. The PM,0 emissions from earthmoving were found to be up to an order of magnitude greater than predicted by AP-42 emission factors drawn from other industries. As expected, the observed PM2.5:PM10 emission factor ratios reflected the relative importance of the vehicle exhaust and the resuspended dust components of each type of construction activity. An unexpected finding was that PM,., emissions from mud and dirt carryout were much less than anticipated. Finally, the control efficiency of watering of scraper travel routes was found to closely follow a bilinear moisture model. C1 Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Cowherd, C (reprint author), Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM ccowherd@mriresearch.org RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 772 EP 783 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 934FB UT WOS:000229691200006 PM 16022415 ER PT J AU Vincenti, M Biazzi, S Ghiglione, N Valsania, MC Richardson, SD AF Vincenti, M Biazzi, S Ghiglione, N Valsania, MC Richardson, SD TI Comparison of highly-fluorinated chloroformates as direct aqueous sample derivatizing agents for hydrophilic analytes and drinking-water disinfection by-products SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEDIATED DERIVATIZATION; HEXYL CHLOROFORMATE; AMINO-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION AB Four highly-fluorinated alkyl and aryl chloroformates, including 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl chloroformate (OFPCF), 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate (PFBCF), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-1-octyl chloroformate (TDFOCF), and 2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)-ethyl chloroformate (PFPECF), were synthesized and tested as reagents for the direct water derivatization of polar and hydrophilic analytes. The goal of this research was to develop an optimal derivatizing agent to aid in the identification of highly polar ozonation. drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are believed to be missed with current analytical procedures. The chemical properties (reactivity, selectivity, derivatization products, and their chromatographic and spectral features) for the four chloroformates were investigated using a set of highly polar standard analytes, including malic and tartaric acids, hydroxylamine, valine, 2-aminoethanol, resorcinol, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Upon derivatization, the analytes were extracted from the aqueous solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) in the electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode. Positive chemical ionization (PCI)-MS was used for confirmation of molecular ions that were weak or absent in ECNI mass spectra. Of the four derivatizing reagents tested, OFPCF showed the best performance, with good reaction efficiency, good chromatographic and spectroscopic properties, low detection limits (10-100 fmol), and a linear response more than two orders of magnitude. Further, the entire procedure from raw aqueous sample to ready-to-inject hexane solutions of the derivatives requires less than 10 min. PFBCF showed ideal applicability for derivatizing aminoalcohols and aminoacids. The two chloroformates with the highest intrinsic stability (TDFOCF and PFPECF) failed to derivatize some of the analytes. Finally, the OFPCF derivatizing agent was tested with simulated ozonated drinking water (aqueous fulvic acid treated with ozone), and three highly polar reaction by-products were determined. (c) 2005 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim Analit, I-10125 Turin, Italy. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Vincenti, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim Analit, Via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM marco.vincenti@unito.it RI Vincenti, Marco/M-3495-2015 OI Vincenti, Marco/0000-0002-6275-7194 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.02.004 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 928AZ UT WOS:000229244800001 PM 15907696 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J AF Van Sickle, J TI Analyzing correlations between stream and watershed attributes (vol 39, pg 717, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Correction C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM VanSickle.John@epa.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 741 EP 741 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 941QT UT WOS:000230230000018 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI The science behind the ICRP 2005 Recommendations: Biological and epidemiological information SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2152 EP 2152 DI 10.1118/1.1999754 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908601525 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Klemes, J Worrell, E AF Cabezas, H Klemes, J Worrell, E TI Preface - Sustainability and renewable resources SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; PRES01 C1 Univ Manchester, CEAS, Ctr Proc Integrat, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. ECOFYS, NL-3503 RK Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Klemes, J (reprint author), Univ Manchester, CEAS, Ctr Proc Integrat, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov; j.klemes@manchester.ac.uk; e.worrell@ecofys.nl RI Klemes, Jiri/B-7291-2009; Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Klemes, Jiri/0000-0002-7450-7029; Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.resonrec.2005.01.001 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932AJ UT WOS:000229526300001 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL Hoagland, NT AF Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL Hoagland, NT TI Simulated experiments with complex sustainable systems: Ecology and technology SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Society-for-Chemical-Engineering/Chemical-Institute-of-Canada/5 3rd Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference CY 2003 CL Hamilton, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Chem Engn, Chem Inst Canada DE environmental; sustainability; ecosystems; food web AB The concept of sustainability is associated with the statement from the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987: ".. development that meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability to meet those of the future..." However, this statement lacks a practical environmental management strategy. The goal of a sustainable management strategy is to promote the structure and operation of the human component of a system (society, economy, technology, etc.) in such a manner as to reinforce the persistence of the structures and operation of the natural component (i.e., the ecosystem). We report on our efforts to identify the characteristics of sustainable systems with a simulation model that comprises an ecological food web and a simple, abstract industrial sector. We consider three different industry types, each taking different combinations of inputs from agriculture, natural resource extraction and harvesting of a wild animal species. We explore several scenarios including halving industrial efficiency, doubling the throughput of the industrial process (IP), and doubling the wastefulness of production. We present the results with the aid of a summary measure based on information theory. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther Dr,Ms 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.01.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932AJ UT WOS:000229526300007 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Evans, MV Eklund, C Janssen, P Simmons, JE AF Boyes, WK Evans, MV Eklund, C Janssen, P Simmons, JE TI Duration adjustment of acute exposure guideline level values for trichloroethylene using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE acute toxicity; duration adjustments; exposure-dose-response model; Haber's rule; neurotoxicity; PBPK model; volatile organic compound ID INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLITES; HUMANS; RAT; DOSIMETRY; CHEMICALS; LONG AB Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) recommendations are developed for 10-minute, 30-minute, 1-hour, 4-hours, and 8-hours exposure durations and are designated for three levels of severity: AEGL-1 represents concentrations above which acute exposures may cause noticeable discomfort including irritation; AEGL-2 represents concentrations above which acute exposure may cause irreversible health effects or impaired ability to escape; and AEGL-3 represents concentrations above which exposure may cause life-threatening health effects or death. The default procedure for setting AEGL values across durations when applicable data are unavailable involves estimation based on Haber's rule, which has an underlying assumption that cumulative exposure is the determinant of toxicity. For acute exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), however, experimental data indicate that momentary tissue concentration, and not the cumulative amount of exposure, is important. We employed an alternative approach to duration adjustments in which a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to predict the arterial blood concentrations [TCEa] associated with adverse outcomes appropriate for AEGL-1, -2, or -3-level effects. The PBPK model was then used to estimate the atmospheric concentration that produces equivalent [TCEa] at each of the AEGL-specific exposure durations. This approach yielded [TCEa] values of 4.89 mg/l for AEGL-1, 18.7 mg/l for AEGL-2, and 310 mg/l for AEGL-3. Duration adjustments based on equivalent target tissue doses should provide similar degrees of toxicity protection at different exposure durations. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Risk Assessment, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00622.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 944YZ UT WOS:000230468500015 PM 16022699 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Williams, R AF Wallace, L Williams, R TI Validation of a method for estimating long-term exposures based on short-term measurements SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE elements; exposure distributions; indoor air concentration; log-normal distribution; outdoor air concentration; particles; personal exposure; PM2.5 AB A method for estimating long-term exposures from short-term measurements is validated using data from a recent EPA study of exposure to fine particles. The method was developed a decade ago but long-term exposure data to validate it did not exist until recently. In this article, exposure data from repeated visits to 37 persons over 1 year (up to 28 measurements per person) are used to test the model. Both fine particle mass and elemental concentrations measured indoors, outdoors, and on the person are examined. To provide the most stringent test of the method, only two single-day distributions are randomly selected for each element to predict the long-term distributions. The precision of the method in estimating the long-term geometric mean and geometric standard deviation appears to be of the order of 10%, with no apparent bias. The precision in estimating the 99th percentile ranges from 19% to 48%, again without obvious bias. The precision can be improved by selecting a number of pairs of single-day distributions instead of just one pair. Occasionally, the method fails to provide an estimate for the long-term distribution. In that case, a repeat of the random selection procedure can provide an estimate. Although the method assumes a log-normal distribution, most of the distributions tested failed the chi-square test for log-normality. Therefore, the method appears suitable for application to distributions that depart from log-normality. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wallace, L (reprint author), 11568 Woodhollow Ct, Reston, VA USA. EM lwallace73@comcast.net OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00605.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 944YZ UT WOS:000230468500016 PM 16022700 ER PT J AU Impellitteri, CA AF Impellitteri, CA TI Effects of pH and phosphate on metal distribution with emphasis on As speciation and mobilization in soils from a lead smelting site SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic; trace metals; mine tailings; remediation; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; lead; phosphate ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MINE TAILINGS; ARSENIC SPECIATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; STABILITY; SOLUBILITY; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILIZATION; FEASO4.2H2O; PHOSPHORUS AB Arsenic in soils from the Asarco lead smelter in East Helena, Montana was characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Arsenic oxidation state and geochemical speciation were analyzed as a function of depth (two sampling sites) and surface distribution. These results were compared with intensive desorption/dissolution experiments performed in a pH stat reactor for samples from the site with the highest degree of As heterogeneity. The objectives of the study were to investigate the solid-phase geochemical As speciation, assess the speciation of As in solutions equilibrated with the solids under controlled pH (pH=4 or 6) and Eh (using hydrogen or air) environments, observe the effects of phosphate on the release of As into solution, and examine the effects of phosphate on metal mobility in the systems. Arsenic was predominantly found in the As(V) valence state, though there was evidence that As(III) and As(0) were present also. The dominant geochemical phase was scorodite (FeAsO4 (.) 2H(2)O). The pH was controlled in the pH stat experiments by the addition of equinormal solutions of monoprotic (HNO3), diprotic (H2SO4), or triprotic (H3PO4) acids. For many of the divalent metal cations, solution concentrations greatly decreased in the presence of phosphate. Solutions were also analyzed for anions, Evidence exists for sulfate release into solution. More As was released into solution at lower pH. A slight increase in solution arsenate occurs with the addition of phosphate, but the risk posed from the increased desorption/dissolution of As must be weighed against the decrease in solution concentrations of many metals especially Pb. If tailings from this site underwent acidification (e.g., acid mine drainage), in situ sequestration of metals by phosphate could be combined with placement of subsurface permeable reactive barriers for capture of As to reduce the risk associated with arsenic and trace metal mobilization. Results from this study could be used in risk management plans for sites similar to the Pb smelter site examined here. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res LAb, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Impellitteri, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res LAb, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Impellitteri.christopher@epa.gov NR 44 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 345 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.024 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 942BO UT WOS:000230258100017 PM 15919538 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Waechter, JM Clewell, HJ Covington, TR Barton, HA AF Teeguarden, JG Waechter, JM Clewell, HJ Covington, TR Barton, HA TI Evaluation of oral and intravenous route pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding, and uterine tissue dose metrics of bisphenol A: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic approach SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; PBPK model; endocrine; glucuronide; human; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; physiologically based pharmacokinetics; plasma protein binding; risk assessment ID ENDOCRINE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; HORMONE-BINDING; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UTEROTROPHIC ASSAY; IMMATURE RAT; IN-VITRO; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM; CHEMICALS AB Bisphenol A (BPA) is a weakly estrogenic monomer used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, both of which are used in food contact and other applications. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of BPA pharmacokinetics in rats and humans was developed to provide a physiological context in which the processes controlling BPA pharmacokinetics (e.g., plasma protein binding, enterohepatic recirculation of the glucuronide [BPAG]) could be incorporated. A uterine tissue compartment was included to allow the correlation of simulated estrogen receptor (ER) binding of BPA with increases in uterine wet weight (UWW) in rats. Intravenous- and oral-route blood kinetics of BPA in rats and oral-route plasma and urinary elimination kinetics in humans were well described by the model. Simulations of rat oral-route BPAG pharmacokinetics were less exact, most likely the result of oversimplification of the GI tract compartment. Comparison of metabolic clearance rates derived from fitting rat i.v. and oral-route data implied that intestinal glucuronidation of BPA is significant. In rats, but not humans, terminal elimination rates were strongly influenced by enterohepatic recirculation. In the absence of BPA binding to plasma proteins, simulations showed high ER occupancy at doses without uterine effects. Restricting free BPA to the measured unbound amount demonstrated the importance of including plasma binding in BPA kinetic models: the modeled relationship between ER occupancy and UWW increases was consistent with expectations for a receptor-mediated response with low ER occupancy at doses with no response and increasing occupancy with larger increases in UWW. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. ENVIRON Int, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 58 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi135 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 928QN UT WOS:000229286900003 PM 15746009 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PRS Ward, TR AF Kodavanti, PRS Ward, TR TI Differential effects of commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether and polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures on intracellular signaling in rat brain in vitro SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); neurotoxicity; intracellular signaling; cytotoxicity; protein kinase C; calcium signaling ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; BROMINATED FLAME-RETARDANT; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; ADULT MICE; CALCIUM; CONGENERS; ENVIRONMENT AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants and have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk. Developmental and long-term exposures to these contaminants may pose a human health risk, especially to children. Previously, we demonstrated that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are neurotoxic and structurally similar to PBDEs, perturbed intracellular signaling events, including calcium homeostasis and subsequent events such as protein kinase C (PKC), which are critical for the normal function and development of the nervous system. The objective of the present study was to test whether commercial PBDE mixtures (DE-71, a pentabrominated dipheyl ether mixture, and DE-79, a mostly octabromodiphenyl ether mixture) affected intracellular signaling mechanisms in a similar way to that of PCBs and other organohalogens, as an attempt to understand the common mode of action for these persistent chemicals. PKC translocation was studied by determining H-3-phorbol ester (H-3-PDBu) binding in rat cerebellar granule cells, and calcium buffering was determined by measuring Ca-45(2+) uptake by microsomes and mitochondria isolated from adult male rat brain (frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus). As seen with PCBs, DE-71 increased PKC translocation and inhibited Ca-45(2+) uptake by both microsomes and mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of DE-71 on Ca-45(2+) uptake seems to be similar in all three brain regions. Between the two organelles, DE-71 inhibited mitochondrial Ca-45(2+) uptake to a greater extent than microsomal Ca-45(2+) uptake. DE-79 had no effects on either neurochemical event even at 30 mu g/ml. Aroclor 1254 altered both events to a greater extent compared to DE-71 on a weight basis. When the results were compared on a molar basis, Aroclor 1254 altered PKC translocation and microsomal (CaP2+)-Ca-45 uptake to a greater extent than DE-71, however, Aroclor 1254 and DE-71 equally affected mitochondrial Ca-45(2+) uptake. These results indicate that PBDEs perturbed intracellular signaling mechanisms in rat brain as do other organohalogen compounds and the efficacy between the commercial PCB and PBDE mixtures seem to vary with different endpoints. C1 US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 59 TC 95 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 952 EP 962 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi147 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 928QN UT WOS:000229286900016 PM 15772365 ER PT J AU Jaspers, I Ciencewicki, JM Zhang, WL Brighton, LE Carson, JL Beck, MA Madden, MC AF Jaspers, I Ciencewicki, JM Zhang, WL Brighton, LE Carson, JL Beck, MA Madden, MC TI Diesel exhaust enhances influenza virus infections in respiratory epithelial cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE influenza; diesel exhaust; in vitro; epithelial cells; oxidative stress ID SURFACTANT PROTEIN-A; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ENGINE EMISSIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Several factors, such as age and nutritional status, can affect the susceptibility to influenza infections. Moreover, exposure to air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust (DE), has been shown to affect respiratory virus infections in rodent models. Influenza virus primarily infects and replicates in respiratory epithelial cells, which are also a major targets for inhaled DE. Using in vitro models of human respiratory epithelial cells, we determined the effects of an aqueous-trapped solution of DE (DEas) on influenza infections. Differentiated human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, as well as A549 cells, were exposed to DEas and infected with influenza A/Bangkok/1/79. DEas enhanced the susceptibility to influenza virus infection in all cell models and increased the number of influenza-infected cells within 24 h post-infection. This was not caused by suppressing antiviral mediator production, since interferon (IFN) beta levels, IFN-dependent signaling, and IFN-stimulated gene expression were also enhanced by exposure to DEas. Many of the adverse effects induced by DE exposure are mediated by oxidative stress. Exposure to DEas used in these studies generated oxidative stress in respiratory epithelial cells, and addition of the antioxidant glutathione-ethylester (GSH-ET) reversed the effects of DEas on influenza infections. Furthermore, DEas increased influenza virus attachment to respiratory epithelial cells within 2 h post-infection. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that in human respiratory epithelial cells oxidative stress generated by DEas increases the susceptibility to influenza infection and that exposure to DEas increases the ability of the virus to attach to and enter respiratory epithelial cells. C1 Univ N Carolina, CEMALB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis & Host Def, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jaspers, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CEMALB, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Ilona_Jaspers@med.unc.edu NR 63 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 990 EP 1002 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi141 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 928QN UT WOS:000229286900020 PM 15772371 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Kato, K Gray, EL Wolf, C Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Kato, K Gray, EL Wolf, C Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Urinary metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-n-octyl phthalate; mono-n-octyl phthalate; mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate; mono-(7-carboxy-n-heptyl) phthalates; mono-(7hydroxy-n-octyl)phthalate; mono-(7-oxo-n-octyl) phthalates; oxidative metabolisms; phthalates ID EXPERT PANEL REPORT; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HUMAN-REPRODUCTION; HUMAN EXPOSURE; NTP CENTER; IN-VITRO; ESTERS; BIOMARKERS; RISKS AB Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride plastics, cellulose esters, and polystyrene resins. The metabolism of DnOPresults in the hydrolysis of one ester linkage to produce mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), which subsequently metabolizes to form oxidative metabolites, We investigated the toxicokinetics of DnOP in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by monitoring the excretion of DnOP metabolites in urine after oral administration of DnOP (300 mg/kg). By using authentic standards, the presence of urinary phthalic acid (PA), MnOP, and the major DnOP metabolite, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) was clearly established. Furthermore, we identified five additional urinary DnOP oxidative metabolites based on their chromatographic behavior and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. These DnOP oxidative metabolites, are postulated to be mono-carboxymethyl phthalate (MCMP), mono-(5-carboxy-n-pentyl) phthalate (MCPcP),mono-(7-carboxy-n-heptyl) phthalate (MCHpP), and isomers of mono-hydroxy-n-octyl phthalate (MHOP) (e.g., mono-(7-hydroxy-n-octyl) phthalate) and of mono-oxo-n-octyl phthalate (MOOP) (e.g., mono- (7-oxo-n-octyl) phthalate). The urinary excretion of DnOP metabolites followed a biphasic excretion pattern. The metabolite levels decreased significantly after the first day of DnOP administration although MCPP, MCHpR MHOP, and MOOP were detectable after 4 days. We also studied the in vitro metabolism of DnOP and MnOP by rat liver microsomes. DnOP produced MnOP, MHOP, and PA in vitro whereas, MnOP produced MHOP and PA in vitro at detectable levels. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 210 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.tox2005.01.012 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 922XM UT WOS:000228873200003 PM 15840426 ER PT J AU Meacham, CA Freudenrich, TM Anderson, WL Sui, L Lyons-Darden, T Barone, S Gilbert, ME Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ AF Meacham, CA Freudenrich, TM Anderson, WL Sui, L Lyons-Darden, T Barone, S Gilbert, ME Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ TI Accumulation of methylmercury or polychlorinated biphenyls in in vitro models of rat neuronal tissue SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol DE neurotoxicity; in vitro; developmental; metals; methylmercury; PCBs ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BINDING PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PC12 CELLS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; NEOCORTICAL CELLS; METHYL MERCURY; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; CORTICAL-NEURONS AB In vivo exposure levels for neurotoxicants are often reported in parts per million (ppm) concentration in tissue, whereas exposure levels in experiments utilizing in vitro models are most commonly reported in micromolar (mu M) concentration in the exposure solution. The present experiments sought to determine whether or not in vitro solution concentration was an appropriate dose-metric for comparison to in vivo tissue levels for lipophilic compounds. To do so, the accumulation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1254 (A1254) or methylmercury (MeHg) was examined in three commonly utilized in vitro neuronal tissue models: nerve growth factor differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, primary cultures of rat neocortical cells, and adult rat hippocampal slices. Tissues were exposed to A1254 (0.65 ppm) or to MeHg (0.0033-0.33 ppm) in serum-free media for I or 24 h. Total PCB or mercury accumulation was measured by dual column gas chromatography with electron capture detection or by cold vapor atomic absorption, respectively. PC12 cells accumulated 66.7 and 103.8 ppm PCBs after I and 24 It exposure to A1254. Neocortical neurons also accumulated significant concentrations of PCBs, but less so than PC12 cells. After I h exposure to 0.65 ppm A1254, slices contained 3.46 and 0.81 ppm PCBs when exposed in a static and perfused system, respectively. After I h exposure to 0.0033, 0.033, and 0.33 ppm MeHg, PC12 cells contained 0.3, 2.2, and 17.7 ppm mercury, respectively; after 24 h, PC12 cells contained 0.4, 2.8, and 21.9 ppm. Hippocampal slices accumulated 1.7 and 4.8 ppm mercury after I and 3 h exposure to 0.33 ppm MeHg. For comparison, mercury accumulation in rat fetal and pup brain tissue after maternal exposure [0, 0.1, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg/day MeHg from gestational day (GD) 6-15] ranged from 0.05 to 7.89 ppm in 0.1 mg/kg dose animals on postnatal day 10 and 2.0 mg/kg dose animals on GD16, respectively. These results demonstrate that accumulation of PCBs and MeHg in vitro is tissue-, time-, and concentration-dependent and indicates that tissue levels rather than exposure concentrations are a more appropriate metric for comparison of in vitro to in vivo effects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 62 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 2 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.08.024 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 929WM UT WOS:000229377300008 PM 15893545 ER PT J AU Silva, RG Cameron, KC Di, HJ Jorgensen, EE AF Silva, RG Cameron, KC Di, HJ Jorgensen, EE TI A Lysimeter study to investigate the effect of dairy effluent and urea on cattle urine N losses, plant uptake and soil retention SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dairy effluent; denitrification; nitrate leaching; organic carbon; pasture; urine ID DRINKING-WATER; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; FLOOD IRRIGATION; SHED EFFLUENT; NEW-ZEALAND; NITROGEN; PASTURE; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION AB Loss of nitrate (NO3-) from grazing land is a major cause of surface and groundwater contamination. These losses increase when N sources such as fertilizer are applied to grazing land. The objectives of this work were to (1) study the impact of dairy effluent (DE) or urea on N losses and plant uptake when DE or urea was applied with and without cattle urine and; (2) determine the effect of organic C rich DE on the fate of urine N. The experiment was conducted using lysimeters that contained Templeton sandy loam soil extracted from a pasture in New Zealand. Application of DE resulted in significantly less (p < 0.05) NO3- leaching compared with urea in the first year, but not in the second year. Differences between years could be attributed to the comparatively lower C: N ratio of applied DE in the second year, causing relatively greater N mineralization and greater NO3- leaching. Differences could also be due to cumulative effects of DE (first year applied) on second year NO3- leaching. Total annual pasture N uptake was similar for DE and urea treatments. During the first year, the average NO3- concentration was lower when DE was combined with urine compared to urine alone, but not in the second year. The combination of DE with urine resulted in significantly greater (p < 0.01) annual pasture N uptake compared with the urine alone treatment in both years. Urine plus urea resulted in the greatest leaching losses in both years, but its impact on pasture N uptake was mixed. The total leaching loss of N from urine plus DE (90 kg N ha(-1)) was similar to urine alone ( 77 kg N ha(-1)) in the second year. Likewise, the annual percentage of N-15 recovered in the leachate from urine plus DE (9%) was not significantly different from urine alone (6%). However, N-15 recoveries revealed that the contribution of urine N to NO3- leaching was greater when urine was combined with DE (98.8%) compared to urine alone (83%). The greater NO3- leaching from urine when combined with DE could be a result of greater nitrification due to the low C: N ratio of DE. Additionally, the annual percentage of urine N uptake by the pasture from urine plus DE (29%) was significantly less than from urine alone (39%) (p < 0.01). The application of organic C rich DE had no significant effect on soil N retention or denitrification when combined with urine. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lincoln Univ, Ctr Soil & Environm Qual, Canterbury, New Zealand. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Silva, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM silva.gunadasa@epa.gov RI Di, Hong/G-5583-2010; Brown, Barbara/J-3269-2012 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-2249-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 951LY UT WOS:000230933100004 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Rubin, J Cosby, BJ Fernandez, IJ Kahl, JS Norton, SA AF Lawler, JJ Rubin, J Cosby, BJ Fernandez, IJ Kahl, JS Norton, SA TI Predicting recovery from acidic deposition: Applying a modified TAF (tracking and analysis framework) model to maine (USA) high elevation lakes SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; fish; lake acidification; lake recovery; Maine; reduced-form modeling; watershed modeling ID SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; MAGIC MODEL; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; TRENDS; SOIL; REGION AB We adapted a reduced-form model, built to predict the aquatic effects of alternative nitrogen and sulfur emissions scenarios on Adirondack lakes, New York, for use on high elevation lakes of Maine (HELM), USA. The Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF) model was originally designed to evaluate the biotic, economic, and health effects of acid deposition. The TAF model developed in our study was used to assess the biotic effects of different levels of sulfate deposition resulting from alternative emissions scenarios. The aquatic portion of the model is based on a lumped-parameter watershed chemistry model, MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments). The original TAF model was built by calibrating MAGIC to 33 lakes in the Adirondack Mountains. We calibrated MAGIC to 78 HELM lakes, and built reduced-form models from these MAGIC predictions. We evaluated TAF predictions of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), a fish acid stress index (ASI), and the probability of fish presence in 2030 for four different SO2 emissions-reduction scenarios. The most dramatic emissions reduction scenario produced only modest increases in mean ANC (16.8 mu eq/L +/- 7.9 mu eq/L) and slight increases in mean predicted probability of presence of acid-sensitive fish (0.07 +/- 0.09) across all lakes. However, a small number of lakes were predicted to have more substantial increases in ANC and improvements in other conditions for acid-sensitive fish. Our results reflect the reality that many of the high elevation lakes of Maine historically had low ANC and that some were even acidic in pre-industrial times. Thus, 'recovery' for most of the high elevation lakes of Maine will be modest under any scenario of reduced acidic deposition. C1 Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Ctr Publ Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-4040-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 951LY UT WOS:000230933100023 ER PT J AU John, DE Haas, CN Nwachuku, N Gerba, CP AF John, DE Haas, CN Nwachuku, N Gerba, CP TI Chlorine and ozone disinfection of Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microsporidia; disinfection; inactivation; emerging pathogen; waterborne parasites ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; MICROSPORIDIA; INACTIVATION; WATER; INFECTION; PHYLOGENY; PARASITES; MODEL AB Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites which have the potential for zoonotic and environmental, including waterborne, transmission. Encephalitozoon intestinalis is a microsporidian pathogen of humans and animals and has been detected in surface water. It is also on the Contaminant Candidate List of potential emerging waterborne pathogens for the US EPA. We performed disinfection studies using chlorine and ozone on E. intestinalis spores with a cell-culture most-probable-number assay to determine infectivity. Chlorine experiments were performed at 5 degrees C at pH of 6, 7, and 8 with 1 mg/L initial chlorine concentrations, while ozone experiments were performed at 5 degrees C and pH 7 with initial ozone doses of 1 and 0.5 mg/L, both in buffered water. A derivation of Hom's model for disinfection kinetics under dynamic disinfectant concentrations was used to fit observed data and calculate concentration-time product (C (*) t) values. Chlorine C (*) t values varied with pH such that 99% (2-log(10)) C * t ranged from 12.8 at pH 6 to 68.8 at pH 8 (mg min/L). Ozone C (*) t values were approximately an order of magnitude less at 0.59-0.84 mg min/L, depending on initial concentration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Drexel Univ, Alumni Engn Lab 270B, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. US EPA, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, OST, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP John, DE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM djohn@marine.usf.edu RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2369 EP 2375 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 946RV UT WOS:000230590800019 PM 15921720 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Marinas, BJ AF Sivaganesan, M Marinas, BJ TI Development of a Ct equation taking into consideration the effect of lot variability on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model; inactivation; lag phase; lot variability; rate constant; safety factor ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; MONOCHLORAMINE; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS AB Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are prevalent in surface water and ground water under the influence of surface water, and are difficult to inactivate using free chlorine, the most common disinfectant currently used for treating drinking water. In contrast, it has been shown that ozone is a more effective disinfectant than chlorine. US EPA is currently evaluating a treatment rule, which addresses the control of C parvum oocysts in drinking water. The use of Ct (average disinfectant concentration multiplied by characteristic contact time) values is being considered as one of the options for demonstrating adequate control of this microbial contaminant. The purpose of this study is to incorporate the variability in inactivation kinetics among different lots of oocysts and to develop a statistical model for Ct based on first-order delayed Chick-Watson inactivation kinetics. A Bayesian approach is used to estimate the delayed Chick-Watson kinetic parameters. A log-linear regression analysis is then used to represent the effect of temperature on the resulting kinetic parameters. The overall model developed in this study provides an approach for water utilities and regulatory agencies to decide on the level of safety needed when developing treatment requirements for the inactivation of C parvum oocysts with ozone as part of broader risk assessment considerations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sivaganesan.mano@epa.gov; marinas@uiuc.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2429 EP 2437 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.028 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 946RV UT WOS:000230590800025 PM 15963550 ER PT J AU Recio, L Bauer, A Faiola, B AF Recio, L Bauer, A Faiola, B TI Use of genetically modified mouse models to assess pathways of benzene-induced bone marrow cytotoxicity and genotoxicity SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Recent Advances in Benzene Toxicity CY OCT 09-12, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY DE benzene; hematopoietic stem cell (HSC); bone marrow; NQO1; mEH; p53 ID HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; INDUCED TOXICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; INHALED BENZENE; MICE; METABOLISM; MECHANISM; ALTERS AB Benzene induces bone marrow cytotoxicity and chromosomal breaks as a primary mode of action for the induction of bone marrow toxicity. Our research group has used genetically modified mouse models to examine metabolic and genomic response pathways involved in benzene induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in bone marrow and in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We review our studies using NQO1-/- mice and mEH-/- mice to examine the roles of these enzymes, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) in mediating benzene-induced toxicity. NQO1 catalyzes the detoxication of benzene quinone metabolites and mEH catalyzes the hydrolysis of benzene oxide. Our studies using gene expression profiling of bone marrow and enriched HSC populations isolated from the bone marrow of benzene-exposed mice demonstrate differential gene expression responses of key genes induced by inhaled benzene. These studies show that benzene toxicity is regulated by a number of genetic pathways that affect the production of reactive metabolites and DNA damage response pathways in a target tissue. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Genet Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Recio, L (reprint author), Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Genet Toxicol Program, POB 13501, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lrecio@ils-inc.com FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-35514] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 153 SI SI BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.03.020 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 939IH UT WOS:000230065500019 PM 15935812 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC AF Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Domec, JC TI Vertical stratification of soil water storage and release dynamics in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE root water uptake; soil water modeling; water retention curve; hydraulic redistribution; water potential; volumetric water content; Douglas-fir; Ponderosa pine ID PONDEROSA PINE ECOSYSTEMS; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; VAPOR EXCHANGE; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; SAP FLOW; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SANDY SOIL; YOUNG AB We characterized vertical variation in the seasonal release of stored soil moisture in old-growth ponderosa pine (OG-PP, xeric), and young and old-growth Douglas-fir (Y-DF, OG-DF, mesic) forests to evaluate changes in water availability for root uptake. Soil water potential (psi) and volumetric water content (theta) were measured concurrently at 10 cm intervals to 1 m depth to create in situ soil water retention curves (SWRC) under drying conditions. Non-linear regression was used to fit SWRC specific to each depth and site. We also quantified root biomass, soil texture, and hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water by roots to identify factors affecting the seasonal dynamics of root water uptake and depletion from the soil profile. Soil theta measured at a particular psi increased with soil depth, and was strongly dependent upon soil texture. For example, when psi was -0.1 MPa, theta ranged from 13% at 20 cm to 35% at 100 cm for the OG-DF forest. Soil texture and bulk density accounted for 60-90% of the variation in the SWRC. As the summer drought progressed, water extraction shifted to the deeper layers, and recharge from HR approached 0.15 mm day(-1) in the upper 60 cm for all sites. Total water use from the upper 2 m at all sites peaked between 1.5-2.5 mm day(-1) in mid-July and then declined to 0.5-1.0 mm day(-1) by the end of the dry season. Total fine root biomass in the upper 1 m was 0.77 kg m(-2) (OG-PP), 1.08 kg m(-2) (OG-DF) and 1.15 kg m(-2) (Y-DF), with 40% (PP) to 60% (DF) of fine roots located in the upper 20 cm. However, the upper 20 cm only accounted for 20% of total water depletion from the upper 2 m at peak water uptake, declining to 4-6% later in the season, illustrating the contribution of deeper roots to water uptake. Nevertheless, daily water uptake from the entire 2 m profile was strongly dependent on water potential at 20 cm, indicating that fine roots in the upper soil may play an important role in regulating water uptake through hydraulic effects on stomatal conductance. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jeffwarren@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 58 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.01.004 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938RG UT WOS:000230020000004 ER PT J AU Martin, KJ Rygiewicz, PT AF Martin, KJ Rygiewicz, PT TI Fungal-specific PCR primers developed for analysis of the ITS region of environmental DNA extracts SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DOUGLAS-FIR; DIVERSITY; ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE; NUCLEAR; GENES AB Background: The Internal Transcribed Spacer ( ITS) regions of fungal ribosomal DNA ( rDNA) are highly variable sequences of great importance in distinguishing fungal species by PCR analysis. Previously published PCR primers available for amplifying these sequences from environmental samples provide varying degrees of success at discriminating against plant DNA while maintaining a broad range of compatibility. Typically, it has been necessary to use multiple primer sets to accommodate the range of fungi under study, potentially creating artificial distinctions for fungal sequences that amplify with more than one primer set. Results: Numerous sequences for PCR primers were tested to develop PCR assays with a wide range of fungal compatibility and high discrimination from plant DNA. A nested set of 4 primers was developed that reflected these criteria and performed well amplifying ITS regions of fungal rDNA. Primers in the 5.8S sequence were also developed that would permit separate amplifications of ITS1 and ITS2. A range of basidiomycete fruiting bodies and ascomycete cultures were analyzed with the nested set of primers and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ( RFLP) fingerprinting to demonstrate the specificity of the assay. Single ectomycorrhizal root tips were similarly analyzed. These primers have also been successfully applied to Quantitative PCR (QPCR), Length Heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of fungi. A set of wide-range plant-specific primers were developed at positions corresponding to one pair of the fungal primers. These were used to verify that the host plant DNA was not being amplified with the fungal primers. Conclusion: These plant primers have been successfully applied to PCR-RFLP analyses of forest plant tissues from above-and below-ground samples and work well at distinguishing a selection of plants to the species level. The complete set of primers was developed with an emphasis on discrimination between plant and fungal sequences and should be particularly useful for studies of fungi where samples also contain high levels of background plant DNA, such as verifying ectomycorrhizal morphotypes or characterizing phylosphere communities. C1 Dynamac Corp, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Martin, KJ (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM kendall@lifetime.oregonstate.edu; rygiewicz.paul@epa.gov OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 NR 40 TC 187 Z9 201 U1 7 U2 117 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD MAY 18 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-5-28 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 937GZ UT WOS:000229913900001 PM 15904497 ER PT J AU Harrill, JA Meacham, CA Shafer, TJ Hughes, MF Crofton, KM AF Harrill, JA Meacham, CA Shafer, TJ Hughes, MF Crofton, KM TI Time and concentration dependent accumulation of [H-3]-deltamethrin in Xenopus laevis oocytes SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; Xenopus laevis; oocyte; accumulation ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE ALLETHRIN; SODIUM-CHANNEL; IN-VITRO; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; MUTATIONS; CELLS; DELTAMETHRIN; SENSITIVITY; MODULATION AB A primary target of pyrethroid insecticides are the voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs). Expression of VSSCs in oocytes from Xenopus laevis is an experimental model used to study the effects of pyrethroids. A common assumption when utilizing this model is that media concentration is an accurate substitute for tissue dose. This assumption may not hold true for lipophilic chemicals. [H-3]-deltamethrin (DLT) was used to test the hypothesis that media concentration is a good surrogate for tissue concentration. Accumulation of DLT (0.001-10 mu M) in non-transfected oocytes exposed for 20 min was determined using liquid scintillation counting. The time course (1.0-180 min) of tissue accumulation of DLT (similar to 1.0 mu M (0.50ppm) in media) was also determined. Results demonstrate that tissue dose increases as a function of time with media concentration underestimating tissue dose at long incubation times (similar to 2.0-fold at 180 min) and overestimating tissue dose short incubation times (similar to 8.6-fold at 5 min). Tissue dose increases as a function of media concentration, with overestimation of tissue dose ranging from 1.5-fold at 0.0005 ppm to 4.1-fold at 5.0 ppm. These data suggest that media concentration does not accurately predict tissue dose at all times for a broad range of deltamethrin concentrations in X. laevis oocytes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, MD-B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2005 VL 157 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.01.006 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 918LD UT WOS:000228542400009 PM 15795096 ER PT J AU Magar, VS Johnson, GW Brenner, RC Quensen, JF Foote, EA Durell, G Ickes, JA Peven-McCarthy, C AF Magar, VS Johnson, GW Brenner, RC Quensen, JF Foote, EA Durell, G Ickes, JA Peven-McCarthy, C TI Long-term recovery of PCB-contaminated sediments at the Lake Hartwell superfund site: PCB dechlorination. 1. End-member characterization SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; MICROORGANISMS; DEHALOGENATION; SIGNATURE; MIXTURES; CORES; RIVER; PAH AB Under anaerobic conditions, such as those typically found in buried sediments, the primary metabolic pathway for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is reductive dechlorination in which chlorine removal and substitution with hydrogen by bacteria result in a reduced organic compound with fewer chlorines. Vertical sediment cores were collected from Lake Hartwell (Pickens County, SC) and analyzed in 5-cm intervals for 107 PCB congeners in a total of more than 280 samples from 18 sediment cores and surface samples. This paper reports on extensive PCB dechlorination measured in Lake Hartwell sediments and the characterization of dechlorination end-member (EM) patterns using chemical forensic methods. PCB congener fingerprinting and a multivariate receptor modeling method, polytopic vector analysis (PVA), were used for identification and characterization of weathered and dechlorinated PCB congener patterns. Dechlorination resulted in a substantial shift in buried sediments from tetra- through decachlorobiphenyl congeners to mono-through trichlorobiphenyl congeners. Mono-through trichlorobiphenyls comprised similar to 80% of the PCBs in buried sediments that underwent maximum dechlorination as compared to similar to 20% in surface sediments. The major concentration decreases were seen in the tetra-through hexachlorobiphenyl homologues, which accounted for over 90% of the dechlorination. Octa-through decachlorobiphenyl congeners also were dechlorinated, but their overall contribution to dechlorination was relatively small due to their low initial concentrations (< 5%). The net accumulation of 2-CB, 2,2'/2,6-DCBs, 2,4'-DCB, 2,2',4-TCB, and 2,2',6-TCB at Lake Hartwell matched characteristic PCB dechlorination products reported in the literature, such as those for Processes M, Cl, and C; and the persistence of tetrachlorobiphenyls (TeCBs) that contained 24- and 25-congener groups resembled dechlorination Processes H or H'. Although dechlorination tended to be very extensive in most of the cores, it was not always consistent from core to core or at various depth intervals within a single core. The reason for this variability in dechlorination extent could not be determined from the existing data and did not appear to correlate with such factors as PCB concentration, total organic carbon, or age. The authors used fingerprinting analysis and a PVA multivariate receptor model as exploratory data analysis tools to characterize PCB sources and their alteration patterns. Dominant sources and alteration patterns were determined in this large data set by comparing PVA EM patterns with known source patterns (i.e., Aroclors or Aroclor mixtures) and literature-reported alteration patterns. PVA also afforded an opportunity to characterize the vertical and lateral distributions of the weathered and unweathered PCB source patterns and dechlorination patterns, a task that would have been much more difficult to accomplish through comparison of chromatograms alone. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Battelle Ocean Sci Lab, Duxbury, MA 02332 USA. RP Magar, VS (reprint author), ENVIRON Int Corp, 123 N Wacker Dr,Suite 250, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. EM vmagar@environcorp.com NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3538 EP 3547 DI 10.1021/es048622y PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927KV UT WOS:000229193700022 PM 15952356 ER PT J AU Magar, VS Brenner, RC Johnson, GW Quensen, JF AF Magar, VS Brenner, RC Johnson, GW Quensen, JF TI Long-term recovery of PCB-contaminated sediments at the Lake Hartwell superfund site: PCB dechlorination. 2. Rates and extent SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DECHLORINATION; MICROBIAL REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS; AROCLOR 1242; PAH; CONGENERS; MIXTURES; KINETICS; CORES AB This paper reports on extensive polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination measured in Lake Hartwell (Pickens County, SC) sediments. Vertical sediment cores were collected from 18 locations in Lake Hartwell (Pickens County, SC) and analyzed in 5-cm increments for PCB congeners. The preferential loss of meta and para chlorines with sediment depth demonstrated that PCBs in the sediments underwent reductive dechlorination after burial. Notably, ortho chlorines were highly conserved for more than 5 decades; since the first appearance of PCBs, ca. 1950-1955. These dechlorination characteristics resulted in the accumulation of lower chlorinated congeners dominated by ortho chlorine substituents. Dechlorination rates were determined by plotting the numbers of meta plus para chlorines per biphenyl molecule (mol of chlorine/mol of PCB) with sediment age. Regression analyses showed linear correlations between meta plus para chlorine concentrations with time. The average dechlorination rate was 0.094 +/- 0.063 mol of Cl/mol of PCB/yr. The rates measured using the 2001 cores were approximately twice those measured using the 2000 cores, most likely because the 2001 cores were collected only at transects O, L, and 1, which had the highest rates measured in 2000. An inverse of the dechlorination rates indicated that 16.4 +/- 11.6 yr was required per meta plus para chlorine removal (ranging from 4.3 to 43.5 yr per chlorine removal). The rates determined from this study were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than rates reported from laboratory microcosm studies using Hudson River and St. Lawrence River sediments, suggesting that dechlorination rates reported for laboratory experiments are much higher than those occurring in situ. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Magar, VS (reprint author), ENVIRON, Int Corp, 123 N Wacker Dr,Suite 250, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. EM vmagar@environcorp.com NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3548 EP 3554 DI 10.1021/es0486216 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927KV UT WOS:000229193700023 PM 15952357 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Lehmann, JR Winsett, DW Richards, JH Costa, DL AF Ghio, AJ Lehmann, JR Winsett, DW Richards, JH Costa, DL TI Colchicine decreases airway Hyperreactivity afrer phosgene exposure SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATE ASTHMATIC RESPONSE; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; LUNG INJURY; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; OZONE EXPOSURE; ANIMAL-MODEL; GUINEA-PIGS; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS AB Phosgene (COCl2) exposure affects an influx of inflammatory cells into the lung, which can be reduced in an animal model by pretreatment with colchicine. Inflammation in the respiratory tract can be associated with an increase in airway hyperreactivity. We tested the hypotheses that ( 1) phosgene exposure increases airway reactivity and ( 2) colchicine can decrease this elevation. Sprague Dawley rats ( 70 d old; male) were exposed to 1 ppm COCl2 for 1 h. Airway reactivity was tested at 0, 4, and 24 h postexposure by infusing anesthetized animals intravenously with acetylcholine and assessing expiratory resistance and dynamic compliance. Immediately and 4 h postexposure, a significant change in expiratory resistance and dynamic compliance was observed in those animals exposed to COCl2, while at 24 h this response was greater. A second experiment was performed in rats pretreated with colchicine ( 1 mg/kg) or saline given intraperitoneally, exposed to 1 ppm COCl2 for 1 h, with both expiratory resistance and dynamic compliance assessed at 24 h. After exposure, cell differentials and protein in lavage were also quantitated. The results indicate that colchicine decreased neutrophil influx, protein accumulation, and changes in both expiratory resistance and dynamic compliance after COCl2 exposure. Colchicine may affect injury and changes in expiratory resistance and dynamic compliance by diminishing the incursion of inflammatory cells, but other properties of this medication may also be responsible for the observed results. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Study Div, Campus Box 7315,Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1080/08958370590922562 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 913DB UT WOS:000228130500002 PM 15814488 ER PT J AU Bale, AS Meacham, CA Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ AF Bale, AS Meacham, CA Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ TI Volatile organic compounds inhibit human and rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neurotoxicity; toluene; perchloroethylene; human; in vitro ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; GENERAL-ANESTHETICS; ETHANOL INHIBITION; EXPOSURE SCENARIO; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; ABUSED SOLVENT; INHALED DRUGS AB The relative sensitivity of rats and humans to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene (TOL) and perchloroethylene (PERC) is unknown and adds to uncertainty in assessing risks for human exposures to VOCs. Recent studies have suggested that ion channels, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), are targets of TOL effects. However, studies comparing TOL effects on human and rat ligand-gated ion channels have not been conducted. To examine potential toxicodynamic differences between these species, the sensitivity of human and rat nAChRs to TOL was assessed. Since PERC has similar effects, in vivo, to TOL, effects of PERC on nAChR function were also examined. Two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques were utilized to measure acetylcholine-induced currents in neuronal nAChRs (alpha 4 beta 2, alpha 3 beta 2, and alpha 7) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. PERC (0.065 mM) inhibited alpha 7 nAChR currents by 60.1 +/- 4.0% (human, n = 7) and 40 +/- 3.5% (rat, n = 5), and inhibited alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR currents by 42.0 +/- 5.2% (human, n = 6) and 52.2 +/- 5.5% (rat, n = 8). Likewise, alpha 3 beta 2 nAChRs were significantly inhibited by 62.2 +/- 3.8% (human, n = 7) and 62.4 +/- 4.3% (rat, n = 8) in the presence of 0.065 mM PERC. TOL also inhibited both rat and human alpha 7, alpha 4 beta 2, and alpha 3 beta 2 nAChRs. Statistical analysis indicated that although there was not a species (human vs. rat) difference with PERC (0.0015-0.065 mM) or TOL (0.03-0.9 mM) inhibition of alpha 7, alpha 4 beta 2, or alpha 3 beta 2 nAChRs, all receptor types were more sensitive to PERC than TOL. These results demonstrate that human and rat nACh receptors represent a sensitive target for VOCs. This toxicodynamic information will help decrease the uncertainty associated with animal to human extrapolations in the risk assessment of VOCs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 55 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.09.011 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 928CJ UT WOS:000229248400008 PM 15885267 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS Pawel, DJ AF Puskin, JS Pawel, DJ TI Attributable lung cancer risk from radon in homes may be low SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Ctr Sci & Risk Assessment, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Sci & Risk Assessment, Radiat Protect Div, ORIA 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Puskin.Jerome@epamail.epa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAY 14 PY 2005 VL 330 IS 7500 BP 1151 EP 1151 DI 10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1151-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 927BH UT WOS:000229166900043 PM 15891242 ER PT J AU House, RL Cassady, JP Eisen, EJ Eling, TE Collins, JB Grissom, SF Odle, J AF House, RL Cassady, JP Eisen, EJ Eling, TE Collins, JB Grissom, SF Odle, J TI Functional genomic characterization of delipidation elicited by trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in a polygenic obese line of mice SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; cell biology; gene expression; lipid metabolism; obesity ID ADIPOSE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; FATTY-ACID; INHIBITS DIFFERENTIATION; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; APOPTOSIS; TISSUE AB Gene expression was measured during t10c12-CLA-induced body fat reduction in a polygenic obese line of mice. Adult mice (n = 185) were allotted to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment consisting of either nonobese (ICR-control) or obese (M16-selected) mice fed a 7% fat, purified diet containing either 1% linoleic acid (LA) or 1% t10c12-CLA. Body weight (BW) by day 14 was 12% lower in CLA-compared with LA-fed mice ( P < 0.0001). By day 14, t10c12-CLA reduced weights of epididymal, mesenteric, and brown adipose tissues, as a percentage of BW, in both lines by 30, 27, and 58%, respectively, and increased liver weight/BW by 34% ( P < 0.0001). Total RNA was isolated and pooled (4 pools per tissue per day) from epididymal adipose (days 5 and 14) of the obese mice to analyze gene expression profiles using Agilent mouse oligo microarray slides representing > 20,000 genes. Numbers of genes differentially expressed by greater than or equal to twofold in epididymal adipose (days 5 and 14) were 29 and 125, respectively. It was concluded that, in adipose tissue, CLA increased expression of uncoupling proteins (1 and 2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase system, tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05), and caspase-3 but decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glucose transporter-4, perilipin, caveolin-1, adiponectin, resistin, and Bcl-2 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this experiment has revealed candidate genes that will be useful in elucidating mechanisms of adipose delipidation. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIEHS, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cassady, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_cassady@ncsu.edu OI Odle, Jack/0000-0003-4965-2096 NR 67 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00244.2004 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 924ZQ UT WOS:000229021500008 PM 15888570 ER PT J AU Park, HR Yoon, SD Bang, EY Rogers, KR Chough, SH AF Park, HR Yoon, SD Bang, EY Rogers, KR Chough, SH TI Molecular imprinting polymers for the separation of toluic acid isomers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular imprinting; molecular recognition; separation technique ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMINO-ACIDS; RECOGNITION; GENERATION; MEMBRANES; PROTEINS; SURFACE AB Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) were prepared with styrene, 4-vinyl pyridine, and divinylbenzene for the separation of toluic acid isomers. The uptake and selectivity were investigated, with respect to how they were governed by the swelling degree of a soft MIP that contained a small amount of crosslinker. The optimum swelling range led to high uptake and the easy removal of the template without sacrificing the selectivity, which was controlled by the shape and size of the imprinting cavity under the same functional monomer, to the guest molecule. The original imprinting cavities were reversibly maintained within the range of 200% swelling and shrinking of MIPs throughout the template extraction. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Div Adv Mat Engn, Chonbuk 561756, South Korea. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Chough, SH (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM choughsh@chonnam.ac.kr NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3 BP 650 EP 654 DI 10.1002/app.21491 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 908XM UT WOS:000227823500008 ER PT J AU Granville, CA Ross, MK Tornero-Velez, R Hanley, NM Grindstaff, RD Gold, A Richard, AM Funasaka, K Tennant, AH Kligerman, AD Evans, MV DeMarini, DM AF Granville, CA Ross, MK Tornero-Velez, R Hanley, NM Grindstaff, RD Gold, A Richard, AM Funasaka, K Tennant, AH Kligerman, AD Evans, MV DeMarini, DM TI Genotoxicity and metabolism of the source-water contaminant 1,1-dichloropropene: activation by GSTT1-1 and structure-activity considerations SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 1.1-dichloropropene; GSTT1-1; mutagenicity; metabolism; Salmonella ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; RAT; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DNA; (Z)-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; TRIHALOMETHANES; TRANSFERASES AB 1, 1 -Dichloropropene (1, 1 -DCPe) is a contaminant of some source waters used to make drinking water. Because of this and the fact that no toxicological data were available for this compound, which is structurally similar to the rodent carcinogen 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-DCPe), 1,1-DCPe was placed on the Contaminant Candidate List of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Consequently, we have performed a hazard characterization of 1,1-DCPe by evaluating its mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay and its DNA damaging (comet assay) and apoptotic (caspase assay) activities in human lymphoblastoid cells. In Salmonella, 1,1-DCPe was not mutagenic in strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA104 +/- S9 mix. However, it was clearly mutagenic in strain RSJ100, which expresses the rat GSTF1-1 gene. 1,1-DCPe did not induce DNA damage in GSTT1-1-deficient human lymphoblastoid cells, and it induced apoptosis in these cells only at 5 mM. Consistent with its mutagenesis in RSJ100, 1,1-DCPe reacted with glutathione (GSH) in vitro, suggesting an addition-elimination mechanism to account for the detected GSH conjugate. 1,1-DCPe was similar to 5000 times more mutagenic than its ethene congener 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE or vinylidene chloride). Neither 1,3-DCE nor 1,3-DCPe showed enhanced mutagenicity in strain RSJ100, indicating a lack of activation of these congeners by GSTT1-1. Thus, 1,1-DCPe is a base- substitution mutagen requiring activation by GSTT1-1, possibly involving the production of a reactive episulfonium ion. This bioactivation mechanism of 1,1-DCPe is different from that of its congeners 1,1-DCE and 1, 3 -DCPe. The presence of 1,1-DCPe in source waters could pose an ecological or human health risk. Occurrence data for 1,1DCPe in finished drinking water are needed to estimate human exposure to, and possible health risks from, this mutagenic compound. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Osaka City Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Dept Atmospher Environm, Osaka 543, Japan. RP US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov FU PHS HHS [F3211111-03] NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 EI 1873-135X J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAY 2 PY 2005 VL 572 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.12.009 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 915ZU UT WOS:000228351500008 PM 15790493 ER PT J AU Mehaffey, MH Fisher, DS Burns, JC AF Mehaffey, MH Fisher, DS Burns, JC TI Photosynthesis and nutritive value in leaves of three warm-season grasses before and after defoliation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE; RESPONSES; GROWTH; PLANT AB Forage yields are influenced by plant response to defoliation. We examined the photosynthesis and nutritive value of first (first leaves) and third (third leaves) fully expanded leaves (numbered from the apex) in three warm-season (C4) grasses. Net photosynthetic rates at uniform temperature and light both before and after a 2-wk exposure to full sunlight and the effect of leaf position on nutritive value were determined on vegetative tillers in well-established swards of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. (Per.) cv. Tifton 44], caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.], and Atlantic coastal panicgrass [Panicum amarum var. amarulum (Hitchcock and Chase) P.G. Palmer] growing on a Cecil clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults). Bermudagrass had the greatest level of crude protein (CP), followed by panicgrass and bluestem. Fiber was greater in the first leaves than in the third leaves for bermudagrass and panicgrass but not for bluestem. Photosynthetic rates of panicgrass and bluestem third leaves estimated 2 wk after defoliation of the surrounding canopy were less than estimates made before defoliation in the first leaves but were similar to the third leaves before canopy defoliation. The third leaves of bermudagrass 2 wk after defoliation had lesser photosynthetic rates per unit chlorophyll than the first or third leaves before defoliation. Photosynthetic rates were correlated with hemicellulose across leaf classes and species (r(2) = 0.93). The photosynthetic decline observed in third leaves of bermudagrass compared with panicgrass and bluestem is evidence of variation in leaf response after defoliation among warm-season grasses. C1 USDA ARS, JPCSNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fisher, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, JPCSNRCC, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM Dwight_Fisher@Scientist.com RI Mehaffey, Megan/A-7476-2009 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 755 EP 759 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0049 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 930AM UT WOS:000229388100016 ER PT J AU Howden, R Hanlon, PR Petranka, JG Kleeberger, S Bucher, J Dunnick, J Nyska, A Murphy, E AF Howden, R Hanlon, PR Petranka, JG Kleeberger, S Bucher, J Dunnick, J Nyska, A Murphy, E TI Ephedrine plus caffeine causes age-dependent cardiovascular responses in Fischer 344 rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart rate; cardiac toxicity; ECG; hyperthermia ID GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; WEIGHT-LOSS; MA-HUANG; ADENOSINE; VASOSPASM; MECHANISM; ISCHEMIA; EFFICACY; SAFETY; TRIAL AB Human consumption of ephedrine and caffeine in dietary supplements has been associated with a number of adverse effects including changes in the ECG, myocardial infarction, hyperthermia, and, in rare instances, death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms associated with the cardiotoxicity of combined ephedrine and caffeine ingestion. Seven- and fourteen-week-old Fischer 344 rats treated with ephedrine in combination with caffeine exhibited increases in heart rate (HR), temperature, and corrected QT interval. Of the 14-wk-old rats treated with 25 mg/kg ephedrine plus 30 mg/kg caffeine, 57% died within 3-5 h of treatment, whereas none of the similarly treated 7-wk-old rats nor any of the rats treated with vehicle died. One hour after treatment with this dose of ephedrine plus caffeine, 14-wk-old rats exhibited a larger increase in HR (as % increase over baseline) than 7-wk-old rats. Furthermore, the 14-wk-old rats that died had a higher HR and temperature than the 14-wk-old rats that lived. Histopathological studies suggested interstitial hemorrhage and myofiber necrosis in the 14-wk-old rats treated with the highest concentration of ephedrine and caffeine. This study showed enhanced susceptibility to ephedrine plus caffeine in 14-wk-old rats compared with 7-wk-old rats. The greater mortality in the 14-wk-old rats was associated with increases in body temperature, HR, and myocardial necrosis. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hanlon, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 101,MD F2-07, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM murphy1@niehs.nih.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 288 IS 5 BP H2219 EP H2224 DI 10.1152/jpheart.01164.2004 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 918DU UT WOS:000228520400026 PM 15653753 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Li, ZW Brighton, LE Carson, JL Becker, S Soukup, JM AF Huang, YCT Li, ZW Brighton, LE Carson, JL Becker, S Soukup, JM TI 3-Nitrotyrosine attenuates respiratory syncytial virus infection in human bronchial epithelial cell line SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RANTES; microtubules; tubulin; interferon regulatory factor; interleukin-8 ID INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; TUBULIN-TYROSINE LIGASE; KAPPA-B-ALPHA; NITRIC-OXIDE; VIRAL REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SENDAI VIRUS; PROTEIN; NITROTYROSINE; TRANSCRIPTION AB 3-Nitrotyrosine (NO2Tyr), an L-tyrosine derivative during nitrative stress, can substitute the COOH-terminal tyrosine of alpha-tubulin, posttranslationally altering microtubular functions. Because infection of the cells by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may require intact microtubules, we tested the hypothesis that NO2Tyr would inhibit RSV infection and intracellular signaling via nitrotyrosination of alpha-tubulin. A human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was incubated with RSV with or without NO2Tyr. The release of chemokines and viral particles and activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) were measured. Incubation with NO2Tyr increased nitrotyrosinated alpha-tubulin, and NO2Tyr colocalized with microtubules. RSV-infected cells released viral particles, RANTES, and IL-8 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and intracellular RSV proteins coprecipitated with alpha-tubulin. NO2Tyr attenuated the RSV- induced release of RANTES, IL-8, and viral particles by 50-90% and decreased alpha-tubulin-associated RSV proteins. 3-Chlorotyrosine, another L-tyrosine derivative, had no effects. NO2Tyr also inhibited the RSV- induced shift of the unphosphorylated form I of IRF-3 to the phosphorylated form II. Pre-exposure of the cells to NO2 (0.15 ppm, 4 h), which produced diffuse protein tyrosine nitration, did not affect RSV- induced release of RANTES, IL-8, or viral particles. NO2Tyr did not affect the potential of viral spreading to the neighboring cells since the RSV titers were not decreased when the uninfected cells were cocultured with the preinfected cells in NO2Tyr-containing medium. These results indicate that NO2Tyr, by replacing the COOH-terminal tyrosine of alpha-tubulin, attenuated RSV infection, and the inhibition appeared to occur at the early stages of RSV infection. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), CB 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 288 IS 5 BP L988 EP L996 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00378.2004 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 914YX UT WOS:000228265300027 PM 15653711 ER PT J AU Marsh, VA Young, WO Dunaway, KK Kissling, GE Carlos, RQ Jones, SM Shockley, DH Weaver, NL Ransom, JL Gal, P AF Marsh, VA Young, WO Dunaway, KK Kissling, GE Carlos, RQ Jones, SM Shockley, DH Weaver, NL Ransom, JL Gal, P TI Efficacy of topical anesthetics to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE proparacaine; retinopathy of prematurity ID STRESS; MANAGEMENT; PREVENTION; VALIDATION; PROFILE AB BACKGROUND: Eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are stressful and probably painful, but many ophthalmologists do not apply topical anesthetics because their efficacy in reducing pain has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential benefits of topical anesthetic eye drops in reducing pain during neonatal eye examination for ROP. METHODS: Neonates born at <= 30 weeks' gestation and expected to have at least 2 examinations for ROP were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either proparacaine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.5% or NaCl 0.9% (saline) eye drops prior to an eye examination. In a subsequent examination, each patient received the alternate treatment. Eye drops were prepared in the pharmacy in identical tuberculin syringes, and physicians, nurses, and pharmacists were blinded to the treatment given. Pain was measured using a scoring system with both physical and physiologic measures of pain (Premature Infant Pain Profile [PIPP], possible range 1-21), which has been validated in preterm infants. PIPP scoring was performed simultaneously by 2 nurses: 1 and 5 minutes before and after the eye examination and during initial placement of the eye speculum. The same ophthalmologist performed all examinations. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were studied, with 11 infants receiving proparacaine and 11 receiving saline as the first treatment. Crossover was performed with a median of 17.5 days between treatments. Patients experienced significantly less pain at speculum insertion with proparacaine than with saline (paired difference -2.5 +/- 3.4; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Topical anesthetic pretreatment reduces the pain response to eye examination for ROP and should become routine practice. Because this is not effective in all infants, additional measures to reduce pain should be taken. C1 Greensboro AHEC, Div Pharm, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. Womens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, Greensboro, NC USA. Pediat Ophthalmol Associates, Greensboro, NC USA. Womens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Greensboro, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Womens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Gal, P (reprint author), Greensboro AHEC, Div Pharm, Ste 100,200 E Northwood St, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. EM peter.gal@mosescone.com NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1345/aph.1E476 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 920EL UT WOS:000228672100006 PM 15797982 ER PT J AU Wu, XF Block, ML Zhang, W Qin, L Wilson, B Zhang, WQ Veronesi, B Hong, JS AF Wu, XF Block, ML Zhang, W Qin, L Wilson, B Zhang, WQ Veronesi, B Hong, JS TI The role of microglia in paraquat-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-FACTORS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; ROTENONE-INDUCED DEGENERATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; RAT-BRAIN; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HERBICIDE PARAQUAT; TETRAZOLIUM SALT AB The herbicide paraquat (PQ) has been implicated as a potential risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease. In this study, PQ (0.5-1 mu M) was shown to be selectively toxic to dopaminergic (DA) neurons through the activation of microglial NADPH oxidase and the generation of superoxide. Neuron-glia cultures exposed to PQ exhibited a decrease in DA uptake and a decline in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells. The selectivity of PQ for DA neurons was confirmed when PQ failed to alter gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in neuron-glia cultures. Microglia-depleted cultures exposed to I mu M PQ failed to demonstrate a reduction in DA uptake, identifying microglia as the critical cell type mediating PQ neurotoxicity. Neuron-glia cultures treated with PQ failed to generate tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide. However, microglia-enriched cultures exposed to PQ produced extracellular superoxide, supporting the notion that microglia are a source of PQ-derived oxidative stress. Neuron-glia cultures from NADPH oxidase-deficient (PHOX-/-) mice, which lack the functional catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase and are unable to produce the respiratory burst, failed to show neurotoxicity in response to PQ, in contrast to PHOX+/+ mice. Here we report a novel mechanism of PQ-induced oxidative stress, where at lower doses, the indirect insult generated from microglial NADPH oxidase is the essential factor mediating DA neurotoxicity. C1 NIEHS, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Dalian Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Dalian, Peoples R China. Dalian Med Univ, Clin Hosp 1, Dept Neurol, Dalian, Peoples R China. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Univ, Off Res & Dev, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP NIEHS, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, MD F1-01,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hong3@niehs.nih.gov NR 47 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1089/ars.2005.7.654 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 919BY UT WOS:000228594500014 PM 15890010 ER PT J AU Shores, RC Harris, DB Thompson, EL Vogel, CA Natschke, D Hashmonay, RA Wagoner, KR Modrak, M AF Shores, RC Harris, DB Thompson, EL Vogel, CA Natschke, D Hashmonay, RA Wagoner, KR Modrak, M TI Plane-integrated open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry methodology for anaerobic swine lagoon emission measurements SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; methane; swine farm; animal feed operation; FTIR; cover; remote sensing ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; AMMONIA AB Emissions of ammonia and methane from an anaerobic lagoon at a swine animal feeding operation were evaluated five times over a Period of two years. The plane-integrated (PI) open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (OP-FTIR) methodology was used to transect the plume at five locations. The path-integrated concentration data, along with wind speed and direction were analyzed using an emission flux computational method known as Vertical Radial Plume Mapping (VRPM). The VRPM algorithm utilizes a smooth basis function minimization routine of a bivariate Gaussian function to generate species flux rate information. The PI OP-FTIR methodology measured emission flux rates from a swine waste lagoon before and after a permeable cover installation. The PI OP-FTIR and VRPM were demonstrated to be an effective method for the measurement of fugitive anaerobic waste lagoon emission flux rate. The flux rates measured before and after the installation of the permeable cover indicated a reduction in ammonia emissions and no detectable trends for methane emissions. C1 US EPA, Off E321B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Arcadis Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Shores, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Off E321B, Mail Drop E343-02,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shores.richard@epa.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 934NR UT WOS:000229716000021 ER PT J AU El-Abaseri, TB Fuhrman, J Trempus, C Shendrik, I Tennant, RW Hansen, LA AF El-Abaseri, TB Fuhrman, J Trempus, C Shendrik, I Tennant, RW Hansen, LA TI Chemoprevention of UV light-induced skin tumorigenesis by inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; PROTEIN-KINASE; EGF RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; TARGETED DISRUPTION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; TYROSINE KINASES; HAIR FOLLICLE AB The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is activated in skin cells following UV irradiation, the primary cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The EGFR inhibitor AG1478 prevented the UV-induced activation of EGFR and of downstream signaling pathways through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the skin. The extent to which the UV-induced activation of EGFR influences skin tumorigenesis was determined in genetically initiated v-ras(Ha) transgenic Tg.AC mice, which have enhanced susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis. Topical treatment or i.p. injection of AG1478 before UV exposure blocked the UV-induced activation of EGFR in the skin and decreased skin tumorigenesis in Tg.AC mice. AG1478 treatment before each of several UV exposures decreased the number of papillomas arising and the growth of these tumors by similar to 50% and 80%, respectively. Inhibition of EGFR suppressed proliferation, increased apoptotic cell death, and delayed the onset of epidermal hyperplasia following UV irradiation. Genetic ablation of Egfr similarly delayed epidermal hyperplasia in response to UV exposure. Thus, the UV-induced activation of EGFR promotes skin tumorigenesis by suppressing cell death, augmenting cell proliferation, and accelerating epidermal hyperplasia in response to UV. These results suggest that EGFR may be an appropriate target for the chemoprevention of UV-induced skin cancer. C1 Creighton Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Creighton Univ, Dept Pathol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hansen, LA (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM lhansen@creighton.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018788, P20 RR018759, C06 RR17417-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-00365-01] NR 44 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 9 BP 3958 EP 3965 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2204 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 919ZH UT WOS:000228656000061 PM 15867397 ER PT J AU Martin-Diaz, ML Tuberty, SR McKenney, CL Sales, D Del Valls, TA AF Martin-Diaz, ML Tuberty, SR McKenney, CL Sales, D Del Valls, TA TI Effects of cadmium and zinc on Procambarus clarkii: Simulation of the Aznalcollar mining spill SO CIENCIAS MARINAS LA Spanish DT Article DE Aznalcollar mining spill; heavy metals; crustaceans; gonadosomatic index; hepatosomatic index ID RED SWAMP CRAYFISH; OVARIAN MATURATION; SW-SPAIN; REPRODUCTION AB Female red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, were exposed for 21 days in the laboratory to different dissolved concentrations of zinc (1000 mu g L-1 and 3000 mu g L-1) and cadmium (10 mu g L-1 and 30 mu g L-1), determined in the Guadiamar River after the Aznalcollar mining spill (SW Spain). Female gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes were analyzed at the end of the bioassay, and a general decrease in the gonadosomatic index and increase in the hepatosomatic index were observed in individuals at the same maturation stage, exposed to increasing heavy metal concentrations. Only the decrease in the gonadosomatic index values was significant at the highest zinc concentration. Decreases in gonadosomatic indexes were associated with reduced fecundity. C1 Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Cadiz 11510, Spain. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Martin-Diaz, ML (reprint author), Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Campus Rio San Pedro S-N, Cadiz 11510, Spain. EM laura.martin@uca.es OI Martin-Diaz, M. Laura/0000-0003-0400-0641 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU INSTITUTO INVESTIGACIONES OCEANOLOGICAS, U A B C PI BAJA CALIFORNIA PA APARTADO POSTAL 423, ENSENADA, BAJA CALIFORNIA 22800, MEXICO SN 0185-3880 J9 CIENC MAR JI Ceinc. Mar. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1B BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 939LM UT WOS:000230074300006 ER PT J AU Ghavami, S Hashemi, M Shahriari, HA Bajestani, SN de Serres, FJ Moghaddam, EM Kazeml, M Alavian, SM Taheri, M Blanco, I Bustillo, EF AF Ghavami, S Hashemi, M Shahriari, HA Bajestani, SN de Serres, FJ Moghaddam, EM Kazeml, M Alavian, SM Taheri, M Blanco, I Bustillo, EF TI Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes and HLA-B27 typing in uveitis patients in southeast Iran SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE uveitis; alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; isoelectric focusing; inflammatory eye diseases; HLA-B27 ID ACUTE ANTERIOR UVEITIS; ALPHA(1)-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; CLINICAL-FEATURES; DISEASE; SERUM; MECHANISMS; INHIBITOR; EMPHYSEMA AB Objectives: Uveitis is an eye disease that affects humans worldwide. Inflammation of the uveal tract is termed uveitis. Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is one of many factors that may be involved in abnormalities such as liver and lung disease, inflammatory joint diseases, and inflammatory eye diseases. In this study, the role of AAT in uveitis is analyzed. Design and methods: AAT phenotyping and serum-trypsin inhibitory capacity (S-TIC) experiments were performed on 103 patients who were referred to the ALZAHRA eye center in Zahedan (southeast of Iran). The same experiments were performed on 167 people who did not, suffer from any eye or systemic diseases and served as a control group. Results: The results revealed that the frequency of M(1)S, M(2)S, M(1)Z, and MV phenotypes were significantly higher in uveitis patients (P < 0.001). There was no difference in AAT phenotype frequencies between various types of uveitis (P = 0.1). Conclusion: AAT deficiency appears to be a risk factor for uveitis in southeast Iran. More investigation is needed to establish potential benefits of AAT phenotyping tests and AAT therapy in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis cases with unclear etiology. (c) 2005 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. All rights reserved. C1 Zahedan Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Zahedan, Iran. Zahedan Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Zahedan, Iran. Univ Florida, Dept Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Zahedan Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Hematol, Zahedan, Iran. Baghyat Allah Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Tehran, Iran. Hosp Valle Nalon, Resp Dis Branch, Sama De Langreo 33920, Principado De A, Spain. Univ Oviedo, Hosp Cent Asturias, Biostat Unit, Oviedo 33006, Principado De A, Spain. RP Ghavami, S (reprint author), Zahedan Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Zahedan, Iran. EM ghavami@cc.unimanitoba.ca RI Ghavami, Saeid/Q-8918-2016; taheri, mohsen/I-2567-2016; OI taheri, mohsen/0000-0002-1110-4417; Alavian., Seyed Moayed/0000-0002-4443-6602; hashemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-6074-7101; Miri-Moghaddam, Ebrahim/0000-0001-9435-2450 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.02.006 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 919ID UT WOS:000228610800005 PM 15820772 ER PT J AU Lee, DL Lee, H Chang, HW Chang, AYW Lin, SL Huang, YCT AF Lee, DL Lee, H Chang, HW Chang, AYW Lin, SL Huang, YCT TI Heliox improves hemodynamics in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with systolic pressure variations SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE helium; mechanical ventilation; obstructive lung disease; intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure; pulse pressure ID END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION; INTRINSIC PEEP; RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; OXYGEN MIXTURES; GAS-EXCHANGE; HYPERINFLATION; CONSEQUENCES; INFLATION; SYSTEM AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that, compared with airoxygen, heliox would improve cardiac performance in mechanically ventilated patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease and systolic pressure variations > 15 mm Hg and to determine clinical variables associated with favorable hemodynamic responses to heliox. Design: A prospective interventional study. Setting: Medical and respiratory intensive care units at a university-affiliated tertiary medical center. Patients. Twenty-five consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure who had systolic pressure variations >15 mm Hg. Interventions. Respiratory and hemodynamic measurements were taken at the following time with the same ventilator setting: a) baseline; b) after 30 mins with heliox; and c) 30 mins after return to air-oxygen. Measurements and Main Results. Heliox ventilation decreased intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (air-oxygen vs. heliox [mean &PLUSMN; So] 13 &PLUSMN; 4 cm H(2)0 vs. 5 &PLUSMN; 2 cm H(2)0, P <.05), trapped lung volume (air-oxygen vs. heliox 362 &PLUSMN; 67 mL vs. 174 &PLUSMN; 86 mL, p <.05), and respiratory changes in systolic pressure variations (&UDelta; PP) (air-oxygen vs. heliox 29 &PLUSMN; 5% vs.13 &PLUSMN; 7%, p <.05). In the ten patients with pulmonary arterial catheters, heliox decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and increased cardiac index. Preheliox &UDelta; PP correlated with the magnitude of reduction in intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure during heliox ventilation. Age, preheliox Paco(2), and ratio of forced expiratory volume at first second to forced vital capacity correlated inversely, whereas preheliox &UDelta; PP correlated positively with increases in cardiac index. Conclusions. Heliox may be a useful adjunct therapy in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure who have persistent intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure- induced hemodynamic changes despite ventilator management. C1 Kaohsiung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Neurosci, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. US EPA, Div Human Studies, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Lee, DL (reprint author), Kaohsiung Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 968 EP 973 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000163403.42842.FE PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 925PO UT WOS:000229065200007 PM 15891322 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Hill, BH McCormick, FH Kaufmann, PR Herlihy, AT Selle, AR AF Griffith, MB Hill, BH McCormick, FH Kaufmann, PR Herlihy, AT Selle, AR TI Comparative application of indices of biotic integrity based on periphyton, macroinvertebrates, and fish to southern Rocky Mountain streams SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE community metrics; biotic indices; fish; macroinvertebrates periphyton; streams; Southern Rockies Ecoregion ID DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; WATER-QUALITY; COMMUNITIES; RIVER; DETERMINANTS; DISTURBANCE; ECOREGIONS; INDICATORS; FRAMEWORK; POLLUTION AB To assess the relative sensitivity of assessments using community metrics for macroinvertebrates, periphyton, and fish assemblages, we compared the results of three parallel assessments using these assemblages at 86 stream reaches sampled in 1994 and 1995 by the Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) in the mineralized zone or historical mining region of the Southern Rockies Ecoregion in Colorado. We contrasted assessments using community metrics for each taxa group selected to be diagnostic of the two large-scale stressor gradients identified in this ecoregion: discharges from historical hardrock metal mines and agriculture, particularly pasturing of livestock. While principal components analysis (PCA) extracted axes from the metrics for all three assemblages correlated with increased metal concentrations, the axes differed in their sensitivity to different environmental gradients. Two axes extracted from the fish metrics were correlated with dissolved metals, suspended solids, and sediment embeddedness or with sediment metals. Two axes extracted from the macroinvertebrate metrics partially separated these two stressor gradients, while the single correlated axis extracted from the periphyton metrics did not. The second macroinvertebrate PCA axis was correlated with an environmental gradient correlated both with agricultural effects and with stream size, as were the second and third periphyton PCA axes. The third fish PCA axis was correlated with stream size and slope, but was not sensitive to agricultural effects. Fish, macroinvertebrates, and periphyton differ in their sensitivity to different stressors, and combining metrics for these assemblages into a mixed assemblage index of biotic integrity may increase the utility of the multimetric approach to diagnose environmental stressors at impaired reaches. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM griffith.michael@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 76 TC 70 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 117 EP 136 DI 10.1019/j.ecolind.2004.11.001 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937FW UT WOS:000229911000005 ER PT J AU Eggleton, MA Ramirez, R Hargrave, CW Gido, KB Masoner, JR Schnell, GD Matthews, WJ AF Eggleton, MA Ramirez, R Hargrave, CW Gido, KB Masoner, JR Schnell, GD Matthews, WJ TI Predictability of littoral-zone fish communities through ontogeny in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE reservoirs; littoral-zone fishes; larval fishes; environmental gradients ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; ASSEMBLAGES; RESERVOIR; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; COVER; SHAD; SET AB We sampled larval, juvenile and adult fishes from littoral-zone areas of a large reservoir (Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas) (1) to characterize environmental factors that influenced fish community structure, (2) to examine how consistent fish-environment relationships were through ontogeny (i.e., larval vs. juvenile and adult), and (3) to measure the concordance of larval communities sampled during spring to juvenile and adult communities sampled at the same sites later in the year. Larval, juvenile and adult fish communities were dominated by Atherinidae (mainly inland silverside, Menidia beryllina) and Moronidae (mainly juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis) and were consistently structured along a gradient of site exposure to prevailing winds and waves. Larval, juvenile and adult communities along this gradient varied from atherinids and moronids at highly exposed sites to mostly centrarchids (primarily Lepomis and Micropterus spp.) at protected sites. Secondarily, zooplankton densities, water clarity, and land-use characteristics were related to fish community structure. Rank correlation analyses and Mantel tests indicated that the spatial consistency and predictability of fish communities was high as larval fishes sampled during spring were concordant with juvenile and adult fishes sampled at the same sites during summer and fall in terms of abundance, richness, and community structure. We propose that the high predictability and spatial consistency of littoral-zone fishes in Lake Texoma was a function of relatively simple communities (dominated by 1-2 species) that were structured by factors, such as site exposure to winds and waves, that varied little through time. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Samuel Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK 73072 USA. US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Biol Stn, Kingston, OK 73479 USA. RP Eggleton, MA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr,Box 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM meggleton@uaex.edu RI Gido, Keith/B-5151-2013 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-3797-1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 922ZN UT WOS:000228878500004 ER PT J AU Sabbah, I Ball, WP Young, DF Bouwer, EJ AF Sabbah, I Ball, WP Young, DF Bouwer, EJ TI Misinterpretations in the modeling of contaminant desorption from environmental solids when equilibrium conditions are not fully understood SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sorption; desorption; organic contaminant; intraparticle diffusion; hysteresis; equilibrium ID LONG-TERM SORPTION; AQUIFER MATERIAL; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; INTRAPARTICLE DIFFUSION; GRAIN SCALE; KINETICS; SOILS; SEDIMENTS; HYSTERESIS AB For systems of sediments, soils, and subsurface solids that involve aggregations of fine-grained materials and zones of immobile water, the desorption of organic contaminants is often controlled by aqueous diffusion within the immobile water of a sorption domain. Accurate modeling in such systems requires not only a rational conceptual model for rates, but also good understanding of the equilibrium condition and of the initial conditions that existed at the onset of desorption. In this work, numerical modeling was used to obtain synthetic experimental results with a hypothetical (yet realistic) system in which rates were controlled by sorption-retarded diffusion. Batch sorption and desorption experiments are simulated at a variety of time scales and the results interpreted through modeling. Results show that even 50 days can be far too short to obtain equilibrium isotherms, and that the associated isotherm interpretations cause incorrect kinetic interpretations and predictions. In particular, 4-week batch sorption/desorption rate experiments could be well described using any of the presumed isotherms, but these results lead to greatly overpredicted rates of desorption under longer term conditions more relevant to field remediation. Additional results were also generated to quantitatively illustrate how misunderstanding of sorption equilibrium and diffusion rate will lead to incorrect suppositions of desorption hysteresis. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sabbah, I (reprint author), Galilee Soc, Reg Res & Dev Ctr, POB 437, IL-20200 Shefa Amr, Israel. EM isabbah@gal-soc.org RI Ball, William/A-3285-2010; Bouwer, Edward/A-3287-2010 OI Ball, William/0000-0001-5217-8108; NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 350 EP 366 DI 10.1089/ees.2005.22.350 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918HW UT WOS:000228533900006 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Bartelt-Hunt, SL Craver, VA Smith, JA Alther, GR AF Tillman, FD Bartelt-Hunt, SL Craver, VA Smith, JA Alther, GR TI Relative metal ion sorption on natural and engineered sorbents: Batch and column studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zeolites; organoclay; metals; sorption ID WASTE-WATERS; HEAVY-METALS; BENTONITE; REMOVAL; ZEOLITES; MONTMORILLONITE; CLINOPTILOLITE; PURIFICATION; ORGANOCLAYS; ADSORPTION AB The sorptive capacity of four sorbent materials (hydroxy-apatite, clinoptilolite, an organoclay, and an organoclay/anthracite blend) was determined for five metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, by performing column and batch sorption isotherm tests. Hydroxy-apatite exhibited the largest sorption capacity for all materials tested, followed by clinoptilolite, the organoclay, and the organoclay/anthracite blend. In general, the increase in sorptive capacity for all materials was related to an increase in measured surface area. Although the organoclay and organoclay/anthracite blend had a lower sorptive capacity than the other materials tested, they show promise as sorbents for mixed effluent streams consisting of both organic contaminants and low levels of heavy metals. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Res Council, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Biomin Inc, Ferndale, MI 48220 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 351 McCormick Rd,Thorton Hall,POB 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jas9e@virginia.edu RI Smith, James/B-4617-2011; Oyanedel Craver, Vinka/F-6765-2013; OI Oyanedel Craver, Vinka/0000-0002-7851-2108; Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 400 EP 410 DI 10.1089/ees.2005.22.400 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918HW UT WOS:000228533900011 ER PT J AU Benignus, VA Geller, AM Boyes, WK Bushnell, PJ AF Benignus, VA Geller, AM Boyes, WK Bushnell, PJ TI Human neurobehavioral effects of long-term exposure to styrene: A meta-analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE choice reaction time; chronic; color perception; long-term; meta-analyses; neuro-behavioral; review; styrene; workplace ID COLOR-VISION LOSS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; URINARY METABOLITE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; OLDER ADULTS; WORKERS; LEVEL; DISABILITY; TOLUENE; DISCRIMINATION AB Many reports in the literature suggest that long-term exposure to styrene may exert a variety of effects on the nervous system, including increased choice reaction time and decreased performance of color discrimination and color arrangement tasks. Sufficient information exists to perform a meta-analysis of these observations quantifying the relationships between exposure (estimated from biomarkers) and effects on two measures of central nervous system function: reaction time and color vision. To perform the meta-analysis, we pooled data into a single database for each end point. End-point data were transformed to a common metric of effect magnitude (percentage of baseline). We estimated styrene concentration from biomarkers of exposure and fitted linear leastsquares equations to the pooled data to produce dose-effect relationships. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between cumulative styrene exposure and increased choice reaction time as well as increased color confusion index. Eight work-years of exposure to 20 ppm styrene was estimated to produce a 6.5% increase in choice reaction time, which has been shown to significantly increase the probability of automobile accidents. The same exposure history was predicted to increase the color confusion index as much as 1.7 additional years of age in men. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Benignus, VA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM benignus.vernon@epa.gov NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 532 EP 538 DI 10.1289/ehp.7518 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400030 PM 15866759 ER PT J AU Sagiv, SK Mendola, P Loomis, D Herring, AH Neas, LM Savitz, DA Poole, C AF Sagiv, SK Mendola, P Loomis, D Herring, AH Neas, LM Savitz, DA Poole, C TI A time-series analysis of air pollution and preterm birth in Pennsylvania, 1997-2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; environmental epidemiology; particulate matter; pregnancy; preterm birth; sulfur dioxide ID PREMATURE RUPTURE; ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS; FETAL MEMBRANES; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CONSEQUENCES; SEASONALITY; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION AB Preterm delivery can lead to serious infant health outcomes, including death and lifelong disability. Small increases in preterm delivery risk in relation to spatial gradients of air pollution have been reported, but previous studies may have controlled inadequately for individual factors. Using a time-series analysis, which eliminates potential confounding by individual risk factors that do not change over short periods of time, we investigated the effect of ambient outdoor particulate matter with diameter : 10 pm (PM10) and sulfur dioxide on risk for preterm delivery. Daily counts of preterm births were obtained from birth records in four Pennsylvania counties from 1997 through 2001. We observed increased risk for preterm delivery with exposure to average PM10 and SO2 in the 6 weeks before birth [respectively, relative risk (RR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-1.18 per 50 μ g/m(3) increase; RR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1. 32 per 15 ppb increase], adjusting for long-term preterm delivery trends, co-pollutants, and offsetting by the number of gestations at risk. We also examined lags up to 7 days before the birth and found an acute effect of exposure to PM10 2 days and 5 days before birth (respectively, RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21; RR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.98-1.18) and SO2 3 days before birth (RR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.99-1.15), adjusting for covariates, including temperature, dew point temperature, and day of the week. The results from this time-series analysis, which provides evidence of an increase in preterm birth risk with exposure to PM10 and SO2, are consistent with prior investigations of spatial contrasts. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sagiv, SK (reprint author), Channing Labs, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; OI Sagiv, Sharon/0000-0003-2245-1905; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 10126] NR 35 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 13 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 602 EP 606 DI 10.1289/ehp.7646 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400041 PM 15866770 ER PT J AU Yue, S Hashino, M AF Yue, S Hashino, M TI Statistical interpretation of the impact of forest growth on streamflow of the Sameura basin, Japan SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed management; forest impact; runoff; trend analysis; statistical test ID LAND-USE; TREND; MODEL; HYDROLOGY; SERIAL AB A forested mountainous basin, the Sameura basin, located in Shikoku Island of Japan, experienced increased forest growth in the period from 1953 to 1994, like which occurred across the country. The impact of the forest growth on streamflow of the basin was assessed using statistical trend analysis. Annual maximum daily flow, annual minimum 5-day flow, and annual total runoff decreased by 55.8, 75.8, and 39.6%, respectively, over the period. However, the annual maximum 6-day, annual minimum 41-day, and annual total precipitation, respectively associated with annual maximum daily flow, annual minimum 5-day streamflow, and annual total runoff did not decrease. Annual and monthly temperature, which evapotranspiration positively related to, did not increase except in January. This demonstrates that the forest growth is responsible for the decrease in all these three flow regimes. The increase in evapotranspiration due to the forest growth resulted in the decrease in both total runoff and low flow. Thus, it seems that forest can hardly function to both reduce flood peaks during flood periods and increase water supply during drought periods. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. Univ Tokushima, Tokushima 770, Japan. RP Yue, S (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. EM yue.sheng@epa.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 104 IS 1-3 BP 369 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-1679-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924LE UT WOS:000228979500024 PM 15931997 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Sarnat, JA Kilaru, A Jacob, DJ Koutrakis, P AF Liu, Y Sarnat, JA Kilaru, A Jacob, DJ Koutrakis, P TI Estimating ground-level PM2.5 in the eastern united states using satellite remote sensing SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; QUALITY; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; MATTER; DEPTH; US; SENSITIVITY AB An empirical model based on the regression between daily PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5 mu m) concentrations and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measurements from the multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) was developed and tested using data from the eastern United States during the period of 2001. Overall, the empirical model explained 48% of the variability in PM2.5 concentrations. The root-mean-square error of the model was 6.2 mu g/m(3) with a corresponding average PM2.5 concentration of 13.8 mu g/m(3). When PM2.5 concentrations greater than 40 mu g/m(3) were removed, model results were shown to be unbiased estimators of observations. Several factors, such as planetary boundary layer height, relative humidity, season, and other geographical attributes of monitoring sites, were found to influence the association between PM2.5 and AOT. The findings of this study illustrate the strong potential of satellite remote sensing in regional ambient air quality monitoring as an extension to ground networks. With the continual advancement of remote sensing technology and global data assimilation systems, AOT measurements derived from satellite remote sensors may provide a cost-effective approach as a supplemental source of information for determining ground-level particle concentrations. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), ENVIRON Int Corp, 4350 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM yliu@environcorp.com RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 37 TC 164 Z9 186 U1 11 U2 96 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 9 BP 3269 EP 3278 DI 10.1021/es049352rn PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921RG UT WOS:000228781700060 PM 15926578 ER PT J AU Geller, AM AF Geller, AM TI Homology of assessment of visual function in human and animal models SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit, Dresden, GERMANY SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc HO Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit DE homology; vvision; neurotoxicity; color vision; contrast sensitivity; electroretinogram ID B-WAVE AMPLITUDES; LEAD-EXPOSURE; COLOR-VISION; RAT; ELECTRORETINOGRAM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; BIOCHEMISTRY; MONKEYS; SYSTEM AB To connect animal models with human neurobehavioral evaluations, it is necessary to understand the level of homology present between tests administered across species. This paper identifies four different levels of homology of assessment based on identity of measurement, function, and underlying neural substrate. These are discussed using detailed examples from toxicology of the visual system, with additional examples from tests of motor and cognitive function. This should provide a framework for considering both animal to human extrapolation and human to animal extrapolation, that is, how to import human experimental epidemiology findings into the lab for further work investigating mechanisms of toxicity. Designing neurobehavioral or sensory evaluations that permit easier extrapolation between human and animal models is necessary if we are to develop testing strategies that take advantage of mechanistic information at whole animal, in vitro, proteonomic, or genomic levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Geller, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, MD B105 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM geller.andrew@epa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 EI 1872-7077 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.12.011 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 924NZ UT WOS:000228986800016 PM 21783516 ER PT J AU Boyes, WK Simmons, JE Eklund, C Benignus, VA Janssen, P Bushnell, PJ AF Boyes, WK Simmons, JE Eklund, C Benignus, VA Janssen, P Bushnell, PJ TI Applications of dosimetry modeling to assessment of neurotoxic risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit, Dersden, GERMANY SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc HO Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit ID INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; RATS; EXPOSURE; TOXICOLOGY; TOLUENE; HUMANS AB Risk assessment procedures can be improved through better understanding and use of tissue dose information and linking tissue dose level to adverse outcomes. For volatile organic compounds, such as toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE), blood and brain concentrations can be estimated with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. Acute changes in the function of the nervous system can be linked to the concentration of test compounds in the blood or brain at the time of neurological assessment. This set of information enables application to a number of risk assessment situations. For example, we have used this approach to recommend duration adjustments for acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for TCE such that the exposure limits for each exposure duration yield identical tissue concentrations at the end of the exposure period. We have also used information on tissue concentration at the time of assessment to compare sensitivity across species, adjusting for species-specific pharmacokinetic differences. Finally this approach has enabled us to compare the relative sensitivity of different compounds on a tissue dose basis, leading to expression of acute solvent effects as ethanol-dose equivalents for purposes of estimating cost-benefit relationships of various environmental control options. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Risk Assessment, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Boyes, WK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM boyes.william@epa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.12.025 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 924NZ UT WOS:000228986800032 PM 21783532 ER PT J AU Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ Bale, AS Boyes, WK Simmons, JE Eklund, C Jackson, TL AF Bushnell, PJ Shafer, TJ Bale, AS Boyes, WK Simmons, JE Eklund, C Jackson, TL TI Developing an exposure-dose-response model for the acute neurotoxicity of organic solvents: overview and progress on in vitro models and dosimetry SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit, Dersden, GERMANY SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc HO Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit DE acute solvent neurotoxicity; in vitro effects of solvents; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; perchloroethylene; toluene; trichloroethylene ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; SIGNAL-DETECTION BEHAVIOR; MULTICENTER FIELD TRIAL; GATED CALCIUM-CHANNELS; XENOPUS OOCYTES; GENERAL-ANESTHETICS; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS AB We are developing an exposure-dose-response (EDR) model for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to predict acute effects of VOCs on nervous system function from exposure data (concentration and duration of inhalation). This model contains both toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic components. One advantage of the EDR model will be its ability to relate in vitro effects of solvents on cellular ion channels (putative targets) to in vivo effects, using a combination of physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling (to estimate VOC concentrations in the blood and brain) and in vitro studies to clarify the mode of action of the VOCs. Recent work in vitro has focused on quantifying the inhibitory effects of toluene, trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC) on ion channel currents. All three VOCs inhibit current through voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) in pheochromocytoma cells; PERC blocked calcium currents and altered the current-voltage relationship at lower concentrations than did toluene or TCE. Recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), expressed in Xenopus oocytes, were also inhibited by PERC and toluene in a concentration-dependent manner. PERC inhibited α 7 receptors more than α 4β 2 receptors in recombinant human and rat nAChRs. However, human and rat 0 receptors were equally sensitive to PERC and TOL. These in vitro studies will be used to identify an appropriate neuronal receptor system to serve as an index of acute effects of VOCs in vivo. The PBTK model incorporates physiological input parameters derived from radiotelemetered heart rate data from rats performing operant tests of cognitive and motor functions. These studies should improve predictions of target organ concentrations of inhaled VOCs in subjects actively performing behavioral tests over a range of physical activity levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bushnell, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 83 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.ctap.2004.12.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 924NZ UT WOS:000228986800033 PM 21783533 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, DL Holland, DM AF Zimmerman, DL Holland, DM TI Complementary co-kriging: spatial prediction using data combined from several environmental monitoring networks SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; co-kriging; combining data; environmental monitoring; geostatistics; spatial prediction ID REGIONAL TRENDS; DEPOSITION; ERROR AB We consider the problem of optimal spatial prediction of an environmental variable using data from more than one sampling network. A model incorporating spatial dependence and measurement errors with network-specific biases and variances serves as the basis for the analysis of the combined data from all networks. We develop the associated optimal prediction methodology, which we call complementary co-kriging because (a) data from each network complements the other, and (b) the solutions to several prediction problems of interest are co-kriging predictors. A hypothetical example illustrates how much better the complementary co-kriging predictor can be, when compared to the ordinary kriging predictors from each network alone and to a 'naive' combined predictor. We use the methodology to obtain optimal predictions of wet nitrate concentration data over the eastern U.S. using data combined from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) and the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet). Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zimmerman, DL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM dzimmer@stat.uiowa.edu; holland.david@epa.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1002/env.699 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 923MS UT WOS:000228914600001 ER PT J AU Ebelt, ST Wilson, WE Brauer, M AF Ebelt, ST Wilson, WE Brauer, M TI Exposure to ambient and nonambient components of particulate matter - A comparison of health effects SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR PARTICLE SOURCES; PULMONARY-DISEASE PATIENTS; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; OUTDOOR FINE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TIME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BALTIMORE; AEROSOLS AB Background: Numerous epidemiologic studies report associations between outdoor concentrations of particles and adverse health effects. Because personal exposure to particles is frequently dominated by exposure to nonambient particles (those originating from indoor sources), we present an approach to evaluate the relative impacts of ambient and nonambient exposures. Methods: We developed separate estimates of exposures to ambient and nonambient particles of different size ranges (PM2.5, PM10-2.5 and PM10) based on time-activity data and the use of particle sulfate measurements as a tracer for indoor infiltration of ambient particles. To illustrate the application of these estimates, associations between cardiopulmonary health outcomes and the estimated exposures were compared with associations computed using measurements of personal exposures and outdoor concentrations for a repeated-measures panel study of 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease conducted in the summer of 1998 in Vancouver. Results: Total personal fine particle exposures were dominated by exposures to nonambient particles, which were not correlated with ambient fine particle exposures or ambient concentrations. Although total and nonambient particle exposures were not associated with any of the health outcomes, ambient exposures (and to a lesser extent ambient concentrations) were associated with decreased lung function, decreased systolic blood pressure, increased heart rate, and increased supraventricular ectopic heartbeats. Measures of heart rate variability showed less consistent relationships among the various exposure metrics. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the usefulness of separating total personal particle exposures into their ambient and nonambient components. The results support previous epidemiologic findings using ambient concentrations by demonstrating an association between health outcomes and ambient (outdoor origin) particle exposures but not with nonambient (indoor origin) particle exposures. C1 Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Brauer, M (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM brauer@interchange.ubc.ca OI Brauer, Michael/0000-0002-9103-9343 NR 30 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 396 EP 405 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000158918.57071.3e PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918SR UT WOS:000228568400019 PM 15824557 ER PT J AU Chen, EY Kladis, T Langenbach, R Kordower, JH AF Chen, EY Kladis, T Langenbach, R Kordower, JH TI Cox-2 deficient mice are resistant to quinolinic acid-induced excitotoxic but not to 3-nitropropionic acid-induced metabolic striatal insult SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Neural-Transplantation-and-Repair CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2005 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Soc Neural Transplantat & Repair C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 193 IS 1 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 916VB UT WOS:000228413300038 ER PT J AU Wilkin, RT Su, CM Ford, RG Paul, CJ AF Wilkin, RT Su, CM Ford, RG Paul, CJ TI Long-term geochemical behavior of a zerovalent iron permeable reactive barrier for the treatment of hexavalent chromium in groundwater SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A264 EP A264 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700512 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Drane, JW AF Kitchin, KT Drane, JW TI A critique of the use of hormesis in risk assessment SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE default assumption; dose-response; hormesis; risk assessment ID HYPOTHESIS AB There are severe problems and limitations with the use of hormesis as the principal dose-response default assumption in risk assessment. These problems and limitations include: (a) unknown prevalence of hormetic dose-response curves; (b) random chance occurrence of hormesis and the shortage of data on the repeatability of hormesis; (c) unknown degree of generalizability of hormesis; (d) there are dose-response curves that are not hormetic, therefore hormesis cannot be universally generalized; (e) problems of post hoc rather than a priori hypothesis testing; (f) a possible large problem of 'false positive' hormetic data sets which have not been extensively replicated; (g) the 'mechanism of hormesis' is not understood at a rigorous scientific level; (h) in some cases hormesis may merely be the overall sum of many different mechanisms and many different dose-response curves-some beneficial and some toxic. For all of these reasons, hormesis should not now be used as the principal dose-response default assumption in risk assessment. At this point, it appears that hormesis is a long way away from common scientific acceptance and wide utility in biomedicine and use as the principal default assumption in a risk assessment process charged with ensuring public health protection. C1 US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1191/0960327105ht520oa PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 942UU UT WOS:000230309200005 PM 16004188 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Moser, TJ Lindeman, DR AF Wigington, PJ Moser, TJ Lindeman, DR TI Stream network expansion: a riparian water quality factor SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE stream network expansion; riparian areas; water quality; catchment; agriculture; aerial photography ID LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES AB Little is known about how active stream network expansion during rainstorms influences the ability of riparian buffers to improve water quality. We used aerial photographs to quantify stream network expansion during the wet winter season in five agricultural catchments in western Oregon, USA. Winter stream drainage densities were nearly two orders of magnitude greater than summer stream densities, and agricultural land use was much more abundant along transient portions (e.g. swales, road ditches) of stream networks. Water moving from agricultural fields into expanded stream networks during large hydrologic events has the opportunity to bypass downstream riparian buffers along perennial streams and contribute nonpoint-source pollutants directly into perennial stream channels. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM wigington.jim@epa.gov NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1715 EP 1721 DI 10.1002/hyp.5866 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 927XC UT WOS:000229232800011 ER PT J AU Cimorelli, AJ Perry, SG Venkatram, A Weil, JC Paine, RJ Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD Brode, RW AF Cimorelli, AJ Perry, SG Venkatram, A Weil, JC Paine, RJ Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD Brode, RW TI AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part I: General model formulation and boundary layer characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; PLUME DISPERSION; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; VERTICAL DISPERSION; INVERSION; LENGTH AB The formulation of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) Improvement Committee's applied air dispersion model is described. This is the first of two articles describing the model and its performance. Part I includes AERMOD's characterization of the boundary layer with computation of the Monin-Obukhov length, surface friction velocity, surface roughness length, sensible heat flux, convective scaling velocity, and both the shear- and convection-driven mixing heights. These parameters are used in conjunction with meteorological measurements to characterize the vertical structure of the wind, temperature, and turbulence. AERMOD's method for considering both the vertical inhomogeneity of the meteorological characteristics and the influence of terrain are explained. The model's concentration estimates are based on a steady-state plume approach with significant improvements over commonly applied regulatory dispersion models. Complex terrain influences are provided by combining a horizontal plume state and a terrain-following state. Dispersion algorithms are specified for convective and stable conditions, urban and rural areas, and in the influence of buildings and other structures. Part II goes on to describe the performance of AERMOD against 17 field study databases. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ENSR Int, Westford, MA USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. MACTEC Fed Programs Inc, Durham, England. RP US Environm Protect Agcy, Reg 3,1650 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM cimorelli.alan@epa.gov NR 69 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 682 EP 693 DI 10.1175/JAM2227.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938KX UT WOS:000230003400009 ER PT J AU Perry, SG Cimorelli, AJ Paine, RJ Brode, RW Weil, JC Venkatram, A Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD AF Perry, SG Cimorelli, AJ Paine, RJ Brode, RW Weil, JC Venkatram, A Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD TI AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part II: Model performance against 17 field study databases SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PLUME DISPERSION; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; SIMULATION; CTDMPLUS AB The performance of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) Improvement Committee's applied air dispersion model against 17 field study databases is described. AERMOD is a steady-state plume model with significant improvements over commonly applied regulatory models. The databases are characterized, and the performance measures are described. Emphasis is placed on statistics that demonstrate the model's abilities to reproduce the upper end of the concentration distribution. This is most important for applied regulatory modeling. The field measurements are characterized by flat and complex terrain, urban and rural conditions, and elevated and surface releases with and without building wake effects. As is indicated by comparisons of modeled and observed concentration distributions, with few exceptions AERMOD's performance is superior to that of the other applied models tested. This is the second of two articles, with the first describing the model formulations. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ENSR Int, Westford, MA USA. MACTEC Fed Programs Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Perry, SG (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, MD-81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM perry.steven@epa.gov NR 42 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 694 EP 708 DI 10.1175/JAM2228.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938KX UT WOS:000230003400010 ER PT J AU Yezza, A Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Yezza, A Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY TI Production of Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides in batch and fed batch cultures using wastewater sludge as a raw material SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; wastewater sludge; fed batch culture; entomotoxicity; protease activity; sporulation ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; SUBSP KURSTAKI; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FERMENTATION; SPORULATION; GROWTH; FERMENTERS; GRUEL AB Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki was grown in batch and fed batch cultures using wastewater sludge as a raw material. A simple fed batch strategy based on dissolved oxygen measurement during the fermentation cycle was developed in this work. It was established that while shifting the process strategy from batch to fed batch, the maximum spore concentration was increased from 5.62 x 10(8) to 8.6 x 10(8) colony forming units per cm(3) and resulted in an increase of entomocidal activity from 13 x 10(9) to 18 x 10(9) spruce budworm potency units per dm(3). Higher entomotoxicity was recorded at low spore concentration using wastewater sludge as a raw material whereas low entomotoxicity was reported at high spore concentration in synthetic medium. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry C1 INRS Eau, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. Ctr Foresterie Laurentides, Ctr Canadien Forets, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS Eau, 2800 Rue Einstein,CP 7500, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM tyagi@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 80 IS 5 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1002/jctb.1204 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 918QH UT WOS:000228562200003 ER PT J AU Arega, F Lee, JHW AF Arega, F Lee, JHW TI Diffusional mass transfer at sediment-water interface of cylindrical sediment oxygen demand chamber SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS; FLOW VELOCITY; SEA-FLOOR; MICROELECTRODE AB Diffusional mass transfer of dissolved substances across the sediment-water interface in coastal waters is an important factor for realistic determination of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and nutrient recycle. The benthic diffusive boundary layer inside a cylindrical chamber commonly deployed for in situ measurements of sediment oxygen demand is studied. In a series of laboratory experiments, the SOD is measured with the chamber operated in both continuous flow and batch modes, and a microelectrode is employed to measure the near bed dissolved oxygen (DO) profile for different chamber flows and sediment types. The dependence of the diffusive boundary layer thickness and the sediment-water mass transfer coefficient on the hydraulic parameters are quantified. Using the derived mass transfer coefficient, it is shown that for a given sediment type, the SOD is a function of the bulk DO concentration and chamber flowrate. The theoretical predictions are validated by both laboratory and field SOD data. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Arega, F (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM arega.feleke@epa.gov; hreclhw@hkucc.hku.hk RI Lee, Joseph/C-1806-2009 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2005 VL 131 IS 5 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:5(755) PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921CZ UT WOS:000228743100009 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS AF Caruso, BS TI Simulation of metals total maximum daily loads and remediation in a mining-impacted stream SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; TRACE-METALS; WATER; SEDIMENT; SORPTION; MONTANA AB Simulation of metals transport was performed to help develop metals total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and evaluate remediation alter-natives in a mountain stream in Montana impacted by hundreds of abandoned hardrock metal mines. These types of,watersheds are widespread in Montana and many other areas of the western United States. Impacts from abandoned hardrock or metal mines include loadings of sediment, metals, and other pollutants causing impairment of multiple beneficial uses and exceedances of water quality standards. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) was used to model and evaluate TMDLs for several heavy metals in Tenmile Creek, a mountain stream supplying drinking water to the City of Helena, Mont. The model was calibrated for baseflow conditions and validated using data collected by the EPA and the United States Geological Survey. and used to assess existing metals loadings and losses, including interactions between metals in water and bed sediment. uncertainty, water quality standard exceedances, TMDLs, potential source areas, and required reductions in loadings. During baseflow conditions, adits and point sources contribute significant metals loadings to Tenmile Creek. Exceedances of standards are widespread throughout the stream under both baseflow and higher flow conditions. Adsorption and precipitation onto bed sediments play a primary role in losses from the water column in some areas. Modeling results indicate that some uncertainty exists in the metal partition coefficients associated with sediment, significance of precipitation reactions, and in locations of unidentified sources and losses of metals. TMDLs and loading reductions were calculated based on variations in flow, concentrations, loadings, and standards (which vary with hardness) along the mainstem. In most cases, considerable reductions in loadings are required to achieve TMDLs and water quality standards. Reductions in loadings from point sources, mine waste near watercourses, and streambed sediment can help improve water quality, but alteration of the water supply scheme and increasing baseflow will also be needed. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev & Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev & Reg 8, 999 18th St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2005 VL 131 IS 5 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1016/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:5(777) PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921CZ UT WOS:000228743100011 ER PT J AU Lobdell, DT Gilboa, S Mendola, P Hesse, BW AF Lobdell, DT Gilboa, S Mendola, P Hesse, BW TI Use of focus groups for the invironmental health researcher SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITATIVE METHODS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; RISK PERCEPTION; INFORMATION; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES; FRAMEWORK; ATTITUDES; CESSATION; AWARENESS AB Qualitative research techniques, such as focus groups, are often underutilized by the environmental health researcher. Researchers can use the data from focus groups for study planning and implementation, as well as the interpretation of study results. Focus group data can also be used to understand community risk perceptions and potential barriers to community acceptance of programs and policies. This paper describes the value of focus groups for the environmental health researcher. Examples from the literature are incorporated to demonstrate the effective use of focus groups in a variety of environmental health research settings. A brief review of data analysis approaches, including commercially available software, is provided. The authors encourage increased application of this and other qualitative research methods in environmental health research. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lobdell, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lobdell.danelle@epa.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844; Hesse, Bradford/0000-0003-1142-1161 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 67 IS 9 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922DU UT WOS:000228817200003 PM 15957321 ER PT J AU Troast, R AF Troast, R TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Troast, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 67 IS 9 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922DU UT WOS:000228817200010 PM 15957326 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Bateson, TF AF Wright, JM Bateson, TF TI A sensitivity analysis of bias in relative risk estimates due to disinfection by-product exposure misclassication SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; misclassification bias; measurement error; disinfection by products; trihalomethanes; fetal development ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; DRINKING-WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE EXPOSURE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BIRTH OUTCOMES; ASSOCIATION; CHLOROFORM; WEIGHT AB We conducted a sensitivity analysis of relative risk estimates using local area mean disinfection by-product exposures. We used Monte Carlo simulations to generate data representing 100 towns, each with 100 births (n = 10,000). Each town was assigned a mean total trihalomethane (TTHM) exposure value (mean = 45, SD = 28) based on a variable number of sampling locations (range 2-10). True maternal TTHM exposure was randomly assigned from a lognormal distribution using that town's true mean value. We compared the effect of a 20 mg/1 increase in TTHM exposure on the risk of small-for-gestational age infancy using the true maternal exposure compared to various weighting measures of the town mean exposures. The exposure metrics included: (1) unweighted town mean, ( 2) town mean weighted by the inverse variance of the town mean, (3) town mean weighted by the inverse standard deviation of the town mean, (4) town mean weighted by 1-(standard deviation of sites per town/mean across all towns), and (5) a randomly selected value from one of the sites within the town of residence. To estimate the magnitude of misclassification bias from using the town mean concentrations, we compared the true exposure odds ratios (1.00, 1.20, 1.50, and 2.00) to the mean exposure odds ratios from the five exposure scenarios. Misclassification bias from the use of unweighted town mean exposures ranged from 19 to 39%, increasing in proportion to the size of the true effect estimates. Weighted town mean TTHM exposures were less biased than the unweighted estimates of maternal exposure, with bias ranging from 0 to 23%. The weighted town mean analyses showed that attenuation of the true effect of DBP exposure was diminished when town mean concentrations with large variability were downweighted. We observed a trade-off between bias and precision in the weighted exposure analyses, with the least biased effects estimates having the widest confidence intervals. Effect attenuation due to intrasystem variability was most evident in absolute and relative terms for larger odds ratios. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Apex Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500389 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 925HO UT WOS:000229044400002 PM 15226753 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Suggs, JC Nishioka, MG Ivancic, WA AF Hubal, EAC Suggs, JC Nishioka, MG Ivancic, WA TI Characterizing residue transfer efficiencies using a fluorescent imaging technique SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; dermal exposure; indirect ingestion; pesticide exposure; Food Quality Protection Act; children ID PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE AB To reduce the uncertainty associated with current estimates of children's exposure to pesticides by dermal contact and indirect ingestion, residue transfer data are required. Prior to conducting exhaustive studies, a screening study to identify the important parameters for characterizing these transfers was designed. A fluorescence imaging system was developed (Ivancic et al., in press) to facilitate collection of surface residue transfer data for repeated contacts. Next, parameters that affect residue transfer from surface-to-skin, skin-to-other objects, and skin-to-mouth were evaluated using the imaging system and the fluorescent tracer riboflavin as a surrogate for pesticide residues. Riboflavin was applied as a residue to surfaces of interest. Controlled transfer experiments were conducted by varying contact parameters with each trial. The mass of a tracer transferred was measured and the contact surface area estimated using video imaging techniques. Parameters evaluated included: surface type, surface loading, contact motion, pressure, duration, and skin condition. Transfers both onto, and off of, the hand were measured. To efficiently identify parameter changes resulting in significant effects, the Youden ruggedness test was used to select the combination of parameters varied in each contact trial. In this way, more than one parameter could be varied at a time and the number of trials required was minimized. Results of this study showed that surface loading and skin condition (significant at alpha = 0.05) are among the important parameters for characterizing residue transfers of riboflavin. Duration of contact within the time range investigated does not have a significant effect on transfer of this tracer. Results of this study demonstrate the potential for collecting dermal transfer data using the Ivancic et al. fluorescence imaging system and provide preliminary data to reduce uncertainty associated with estimating dermal exposures resulting from contact with residue-contaminated surfaces. These data will also aid in determining what additional residue transfer data should be collected and what type of microactivity data are needed to estimate dermal and indirect ingestion exposure to residues on household surfaces. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Code B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500400 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 925HO UT WOS:000229044400008 ER PT J AU Haines, JR Kleiner, EJ McClellan, KA Koran, KM Holder, EL King, DW Venosa, AD AF Haines, JR Kleiner, EJ McClellan, KA Koran, KM Holder, EL King, DW Venosa, AD TI Laboratory evaluation of oil spill bioremediation products in salt and freshwater systems SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; biodegradation; oil spill; product test protocol; freshwater; saltwater ID PROBABLE-NUMBER; FLUORENE; DEGRADATION AB Ten oil spill bioremediation products were tested in the laboratory for their ability to enhance biodegradation of weathered Alaskan North Slope crude oil in both freshwater and saltwater media. The products included nutrients to stimulate inoculated microorganisms, nutrients plus an oil-degrading inoculum, nutrients plus compounds intended to stimulate oil-degrading activity, or other compounds intended to enhance microbial activity. The product tests were undertaken to evaluate significant modifications in the existing official United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocol used for qualifying commercial bioremediation agents for use in oil spills. The EPA protocol was modified to include defined formulas for the exposure waters (freshwater, saltwater), a positive control using a known inoculum and nutrients, two negative controls (one sterile, the other inoculated but nutrient-limited), and simplified oil chemical analysis. Three analysts conducted the product test independently in each type of exposure water in round-robin fashion. Statistical tests were performed on analyst variability, reproducibility, and repeatability, and the performance of the various products was quantified in both exposure media. Analysis of variance showed that the analyst error at each time-point was highly significant (P values ranged from 0.0001 to 0.008, depending on water type and oil fraction). In the saltwater tests, six products demonstrated various degrees of biodegradative activity against the alkane fraction of the crude oil and three degraded the aromatic hydrocarbons by > 10%. In the freshwater tests, eight products caused > 20% loss of alkane hydrocarbons, of which five degraded the alkanes by > 50%. Only four products were able to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by > 20%, one of which caused 88% removal. However, when the variability of the analysts was taken into consideration, only one of the ten products was found to yield significant percent removals of the PAH fraction and only in freshwater. Viable microorganism population analysis (most-probable-number method) was also performed on every sample by each operator to measure the changes in aromatic and alkane hydrocarbon-degrading organism numbers. In general, little evidence of significant growth of either alkane- or PAH-degraders occurred among any of the ten products in either the saltwater or freshwater testing. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Statking Consulting, Fairfield, OH USA. RP Haines, JR (reprint author), US EPA, 26 WML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haines.john@epa.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 171 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10295-005-0218-1 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 944FG UT WOS:000230411300001 PM 15868159 ER PT J AU Lim, SY Doherty, JD McBride, K Miller-Ihli, NJ Carmona, GN Stark, KD Salem, N AF Lim, SY Doherty, JD McBride, K Miller-Ihli, NJ Carmona, GN Stark, KD Salem, N TI Lead exposure and (n-3) fatty acid deficiency during rat neonatal development affect subsequent spatial task performance and olfactory discrimination SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE (n-3) fatty acid deficiency; neonatal development; spatial learning; olfactory discriminations; lead toxicity; Pb ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; MORRIS WATER MAZE; GYRUS IN-VIVO; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; DENTATE GYRUS; ASSOCIATIVE ABILITY; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-MILK; ODOR MEMORY; BLOOD LEAD AB Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3), DHA] is important for optimal infant central nervous system development, and lead (Pb) exposure during development can produce neurological deficits. Long-Evans strain rats were fed either an (n-3) deficient [(n-3) Def] diet to produce brain DHA deficiency, or an adequate [(n-3) Adq] diet through 2 generations. At the birth of the 2nd generation, the dams were subdivided into 4 groups and supplied drinking water containing either 5.27 mmol/L (Pb) or sodium (Na) acetate until weaning. Rats were killed at 3 wk (weaning) and 11 wk (maturity) for brain Pb and fatty acid analysis. Spatial task and olfactory-cued behavioral assessments were initiated at 9 wk. Rats in the (n-3) Def group had a 79% lower concentration of brain DHA compared with the (n-3) Adq group with no effect of Pb exposure. At weaning, Pb concentrations were 7.17 +/- 0.47 nmol Pb/g of brain (wet weight) in the (n-3) Adq-Pb group and 6.49 +/- 0.63 nmol Pb/g of brain (wet weight) in the (n-3) Def-Pb group. At maturity, the brains contained 1.30 +/- 0.22 and 1.07 +/- 0.12 nmol Pb/g (wet weight), respectively. In behavioral testing, significant effects of both Pb and DHA deficiency were observed in the Morris water maze probe trial and in 2-odor olfactory discrimination acquisition and olfactory-based reversal learning tasks. Both lactational Pb exposure and (n-3) fatty acid deficiency led to behavioral deficits with additive effects observed only in the acquisition of 2-odor discriminations. C1 Korea Maritime Univ, Div Ocean Sci, Pusan, South Korea. US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, Div Intramural Clin & Biol Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Korea Maritime Univ, Div Ocean Sci, Pusan, South Korea. EM nsalem@niaaa.nih.gov RI Stark, Ken/I-1347-2016 OI Stark, Ken/0000-0001-7828-4072 NR 69 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1026 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 924BM UT WOS:000228953600010 PM 15867275 ER PT J AU Lim, SY Doherty, JD Salem, N AF Lim, SY Doherty, JD Salem, N TI Lead exposure and (n-3) fatty acid deficiency during rat neonatal development alter liver, plasma, and brain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; fatty acid composition; lead; (n-3) fatty acid deficiency; Pb ID DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; DIETARY LEAD; PEROXIDATION; MEMBRANES; CHILDREN; RODENTS; LIPIDS AB Lead (Pb) exposure has been reported to increase arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. To determine whether Pb effects on fatty acid composition are influenced by dietary (n-3) fatty acid restriction, weanling female rats were fed either an (n-3)-adequate or -deficient diet to maturity and mated. At parturition, dams in each group were subdivided to receive either 0.2% Pb or Na-acetate in their drinking water during lactation only. Pups were analyzed for fatty acid content in liver, plasma, and brain at either 3 or 11 wk. The (n-3)-deficient diets markedly decreased total (n-3) fatty acids, and increased total (n-6) fatty acids including both AA and docosapentaenoic (n-6) in each compartment (P < 0.05). The main effects of Pb were in the livers of weanling rats where there was a 56% loss in total fatty acid concentration concurrent with increased relative percentages of AA and DHA. Thus, because there was a greater percentage of liver nonessential fatty acid lost relative to the essential fatty acids (EFA), there was no net change in AA concentration. There was a diet x Pb interaction for a decrease in liver DHA concentration evident only in the (n-3)-adequate group. There were also diet x Pb interactions in plasma at 11 wk and in brain at 3 wk. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a Pb-induced increase in fatty acid catabolism, perhaps as a source of energy. C1 Korea Maritime Univ, Div Ocean Sci, Pusan, South Korea. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, Div Intramural Clin & Biol Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RP Korea Maritime Univ, Div Ocean Sci, Pusan, South Korea. EM nsalem@niaaa.nih.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1033 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 924BM UT WOS:000228953600011 PM 15867276 ER PT J AU Tekmal, RR Liu, YG Nair, HB Jones, J Perla, RP Lubahn, DB Korach, KS Kirma, N AF Tekmal, RR Liu, YG Nair, HB Jones, J Perla, RP Lubahn, DB Korach, KS Kirma, N TI Estrogen receptor alpha is required for mammary development and the induction of mammary hyperplasia and epigenetic alterations in the aromatase transgenic mice SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Aromatase Conference CY SEP 06-08, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE aromatase; transgenic mice; estrogen receptor; mammary carcinogenesis ID IN-VIVO MODEL; BREAST-CANCER; OVEREXPRESSION; BETA; EXPRESSION; GLANDS; GROWTH; PHENOTYPES; INHIBITORS; LETROZOLE AB Aromatase transgenic mice exhibit hyperplastic and dysplastic changes, attesting to the importance of local estrogen in breast carcinogenesis. These mice also show increased levels of the estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ER alpha, ER beta) suggesting that this receptor may play an important role in the initiation of estrogen - mediated mammary hyperplasia observed in these mice. To address the specific role of ER alpha in the mammary development and in the induction of estrogen-mediated hyperplasia in aromatase transgenic mice, we have generated MMTV-aromatase x ER alpha knockout cross (referred as aromatase/ERKO). Even though ER beta is expressed in aromatase/ERKO mice, lack of ER alpha leads to impaired mammary growth in these mice. The data suggest that ER alpha plays an important role in the mammary gland development as well as in the induction of mammary hyperplasia in aromatase transgenic mice. Lack of ER alpha expression in the aromatase/ERKO mice resulted in a decrease in the expression of Cyclin D1, PCNA and TGF beta relative to the aromatase parental strain. The studies involving aromatase/ERKO mice show that lack of ERa results in impaired mammary development even in the presence of continuous tissue estrogen, suggesting estrogen/ER alpha-mediated actions are critical for mammary development and carcinogenesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem & Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tekmal, RR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, MSC7836,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM tekmal@uthscsa.edu OI Bhaskaran Nair, Hareesh Babu/0000-0002-4309-9560; Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75018] NR 20 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1-5 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 958XE UT WOS:000231480700003 PM 15955696 ER PT J AU Ambrose, RB Tsiros, IX Wool, TA AF Ambrose, RB Tsiros, IX Wool, TA TI Modeling mercury fluxes and concentrations in a Georgia watershed receiving atmospheric deposition load from direct and indirect sources SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; METHYLMERCURY; CATCHMENTS; TESTS; FATE; CHEMISTRY; RIVERS; SOIL AB This paper presents a modeling analysis of airborne mercury (Hg) deposited on the Ochlockonee River watershed located in Georgia. Atmospheric deposition monitoring and source attribution data were used along with simulation models to calculate Hg buildup in the subwatershed soils, its subsequent runoff loading and delivery through the tributaries, and its ultimate fate in the mainstem river. The terrestrial model calculated annual watershed yields for total Hg ranging from 0.7 to 1.1 mu g/m(2). Results suggest that approximately two-thirds of the atmospherically deposited Hg to the watershed is returned to the atmosphere, 10% is delivered to the river, and the rest is retained in the watershed. A check of the aquatic model results against survey data showed a reasonable agreement. Comparing observed and simulated total and methylmercury concentrations gave root mean square error values of 0.26 and 0.10 ng/L, respectively, in the water column, and 5.9 and 1 ng/g, respectively, in the upper sediment layer. Sensitivity analysis results imply that mercury in the Ochlockonee River is dominated by watershed runoff inputs and not by direct atmospheric deposition, and that methylmercury concentrations in the river are determined mainly by net methylation rates in the watershed, presumably in wetted soils and in the wetlands feeding the river. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. Agr Univ Athens, Div Geol Sci & Atmospher Environm, Athens, Greece. RP US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. EM itsiros@otenet.gr NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 55 IS 5 BP 547 EP 558 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924NY UT WOS:000228986700001 PM 15991664 ER PT J AU Lough, GC Schauer, JJ Lonneman, WA Allen, MK AF Lough, GC Schauer, JJ Lonneman, WA Allen, MK TI Summer and winter nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the Midwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA REFORMULATED GASOLINE; TUSCARORA MOUNTAIN TUNNELS; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; FORT MCHENRY; FUEL; GAS; APPORTIONMENT; AMMONIA; EXHAUST AB On-road vehicle emission rates of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were measured in two tunnels in Milwaukee, WI, in summer 2000 and winter 2001. Seasonal ambient temperatures in the Midwestern United States vary more widely than in locations where most studies of NMHC emissions from vehicle fleets have been conducted. Ethanol is the added fuel oxygenate in the area, and, thus, emissions measured here are of interest as other regions phase out methyl tertiary butyl ether and increase the use of ethanol. Total emissions of NMHCs in three types of tunnel tests averaged 4560 &PLUSMN; 800 mg L-1 fuel burned (average &PLUSMN; standard error). To investigate the impact of cold start on vehicle emissions, samples were collected as vehicles exited a parking structure in subzero temperatures. NMHC emissions in the subzero cold-start test were 8830 &PLUSMN; 190 mg L-1 fuel-nearly double the tunnel emissions. Comparison of ambient data for the Milwaukee area with tunnel emissions showed the impact of seasonal differences in fuels and emissions on the urban atmosphere. Composition of fuel samples collected from area gas stations in both seasons was correlated with vehicle emissions; the predominant difference was increased. winter emissions of lighter hydrocarbons present in winter gasoline. A chemical mass balance model was used to determine the contributions of whole gasoline and gasoline headspace vapors to vehicle emissions in the tunnel and cold-start tests, which were found to vary with season. Results of the mass balance model also indicate that partially combusted components of gasoline are a major contributor to emissions of aromatic compounds and air toxic compounds, including benzene, toluene, xylenes, napthalene, and 1,3-butadiene, whereas air toxics hexane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane are largely attributed to gasoline and headspace vapors. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI USA. US EPA, Senior Environm Employment Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Air Management, Madison, WI USA. RP Lough, GC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI USA. EM jjschauer@wisc.edu NR 25 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 55 IS 5 BP 629 EP 646 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924NY UT WOS:000228986700009 PM 15991672 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Shores, RC Thompson, EL Harris, DB Thorneloe, SA Varma, RM Hashmonay, RA Modrak, MT Natschke, DF Gamble, HA AF Thoma, ED Shores, RC Thompson, EL Harris, DB Thorneloe, SA Varma, RM Hashmonay, RA Modrak, MT Natschke, DF Gamble, HA TI Open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for acquisition of fugitive emission flux data SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Air pollutant emission from unconfined sources is an increasingly important environmental issue. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a ground-based optical remote-sensing method that enables direct measurement of fugitive emission flux from large area sources. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) has been the primary technique for acquisition of pollutant concentration data used in this emission measurement method. For a number of environmentally important compounds, such as ammonia and methane, open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) is shown to be a viable alternative to Fourier transform spectroscopy for pollutant concentration measurements. Near-IR diode laser spectroscopy systems offer significant operational and cost advantages over Fourier transform instruments enabling more efficient implementation of the measurement strategy. This article reviews the EPA's fugitive emission measurement method and describes its multipath tunable diode laser instrument. Validation testing of the system is discussed. OP-TDLAS versus OP-FTIR correlation testing results for ammonia (R-2 = 0.980) and methane (R-2 = 0.991) are reported. Two example applications of tunable diode laser-based fugitive emission measurements are presented C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Unisearch Associates Inc, Concord, ON, Canada. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov RI Varma, Ravi/A-9640-2009 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 55 IS 5 BP 658 EP 668 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924NY UT WOS:000228986700011 PM 15991674 ER PT J AU Sharp, JS Tomer, KB AF Sharp, JS Tomer, KB TI Formation of [b((n-1)) + OH+H](+) ion structural analogs by solution-phase chemistry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; AMINO-ACID; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTRA; IONS; REARRANGEMENT AB Derivatization of a variety of peptides by a method known to enhance anhydride formation is demonstrated by mass spectrometry to yield ions that have elemental composition and fragmentation properties identical to [b((n-1)) + OH + H](+) ions formed by gas-phase rearrangement and fragmentation. The [b((n-1)) + OH + H](+) ions formed by gas-phase rearrangement and fragmentation and the solution-phase [b((n-1)) + OH + H](+) ion structural analogs formed by derivatization. chemistry show two different forms of dissociation using multiple-collision CAD in a quadrupole ion trap and unimolecular decomposition in a TOF-TOF; one group yields identical product ions as a truncated form of the peptide with a free C-terminal carboxylic acid and fragments at the same activation energy; the other group fragments differently from the truncated peptide, being more resistant to fragmentation than the truncated peptide and yielding primarily the [b((n-2)) + OH + H](+) product ion. Nonergodic electron capture dissociation MS/MS suggests that any structural differences between the specific-fragmenting [b((n-1)) + OH + H](+) ions and the truncated peptide is at the C-terminus of the peptide. The specific-fragmentation can be readily observed by MSn experiments to occur in an iterative fashion, suggesting that the C-terminal structure of the original [b((n-1)) + OH + H](+) ion is maintained after subsequent rearrangement and fragmentation events in peptides which fragment specifically. A mechanism for the formation of specific-fragmenting and nonspecific-fragmenting [b((n-1)) + OH + H](+) ions is proposed. © 2005 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sharp, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD F0-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sharp1@niehs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 607 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.01.016 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 922YE UT WOS:000228875000001 PM 15862763 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Haught, RC AF Clark, RM Haught, RC TI Characterizing pipe wall demand: Implications for water quality modeling SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Symposium on Water Distribution Systems Analysis held at the ASCE EWRI World Water and Environmental Resources Congress CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASCE EWRI ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; IRON RELEASE AB It has become generally accepted that water quality can deteriorate in a distribution system through reactions in the bulk phase and at the pipe wall. These reactions may be physical, chemical, or microbiological in nature. Perhaps one of the most serious aspects of water-quality deterioration in a network is the loss of disinfectant residual that can weaken the barrier against microbial contamination. Recent studies have suggested that one factor contributing to the loss of disinfectant residuals is internal corrosion of the pipe wall material. Recent. studies have suggested that in older unlined metal pipes, the loss of chlorine residual may increase with increasing flow rates. To systematically assess the effect of free chlorine loss in corroded metal pipes, subject to changes in velocity, the authors conducted a study under controlled conditions in a specially constructed pipe loop located at the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA's) Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio. Results from the pipe-loop study supported the concept that the rate of free chlorine residual loss increased with velocity. C1 Environm Engn & Publ Hlth Consultant, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), Environm Engn & Publ Hlth Consultant, 9627 Lansford Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. EM rmclark@fuse.net; Haught.Roy@epa.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1016/(ACSE)0733-9496(2005)131:3(208) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 919OV UT WOS:000228628300008 ER PT J AU Breetz, HL Fisher-Vanden, K Jacobs, H Schary, C AF Breetz, HL Fisher-Vanden, K Jacobs, H Schary, C TI Trust and communication: Mechanisms for increasing farmers' participation in water quality trading SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID SOIL CONSERVATION; POLLUTION-CONTROL; DECISION-MAKING; EMBEDDEDNESS; NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE; INCENTIVES; OBJECTIVES; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM AB Trust and communication barriers have contributed significantly to the lethargic performance of many point-nonpoint source water quality trading programs-farmers are often reluctant to participate despite direct financial incentives-yet the literature lacks a comprehensive investigation of how the social context affects trading outcomes. We draw on social embeddedness theory to analyze three mechanisms of communicating with farmers and conduct a case study analysis of 12 water quality trading programs. We find that employing trustworthy third parties or embedded ties may reduce farmers' reluctance to participate, although the most effective mechanism ultimately depends on local conditions and program objectives. C1 MIT, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. ICF Consulting, Washington, DC USA. US Environm Protect Agcy Reg 10, Seattle, WA USA. RP Breetz, HL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 76 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 17 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 170 EP 190 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925ZW UT WOS:000229093400003 ER PT J AU Bottone, FG Moon, Y Kim, JS Alston-Mills, B Ishibashi, M Eling, TE AF Bottone, FG Moon, Y Kim, JS Alston-Mills, B Ishibashi, M Eling, TE TI The anti-invasive activity of cyclooxygenase inhibitors is regulated by the transcription factor ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS; PREVENT COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; COLON-CANCER CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2; DIALLYL-DISULFIDE; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO AB We previously showed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as sulindac sulfide, which has chemopreventive activity, modulate the expression of several genes detected by microarray analysis. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was selected for further study because it is a transcription factor involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and its expression is repressed in human colorectal tumors as compared with normal adjacent tissue. In this report, we show that ATF3 mRNA and protein expression are up-regulated in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells following treatment with NSAIDs, troglitazone, diallyl disulfide, and resveratrol. To ascertain the biological significance of ATF3, we overexpressed full-length ATF3 protein in the sense and antisense orientations. Overexpression of ATF3 in the sense orientation decreased focus formation in vitro and reduced the size of mouse tumor xenografts by 54% in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of antisense ATF3 was protumorigenic in vitro, however, not in vivo. ATF3 in the sense orientation did not modulate apoptosis, indicating another mechanism is involved. With microarray analysis, several genes relating to invasion and metastasis were identified by ATF3 overexpression and were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and several of these genes were modulated by sulindac sulfide, which inhibited invasion in these cells. Furthermore, overexpression of ATF3 inhibited invasion to a similar degree as sulindac sulfide treatment, whereas antisense ATF3 increased invasion. In conclusion, ATF3 represents a novel mechanism in which NSAIDs exert their anti-invasive activity, thereby linking ATF3 and its gene regulatory activity to the biological activity of these compounds. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Eling, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Eling@niehs.nih.gov NR 57 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 4 IS 5 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-04-0337 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 926DE UT WOS:000229102300001 PM 15897233 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Extrapolations are the Achilles Heel of Risk Assessment SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carcinogens; carcinogenesis; extrapolations; risk assessments; genomics ID HUMAN RELEVANCE; CANCER; FORMALDEHYDE; MODEL AB This Reflections article considers the problems associated with the various extrapolations that are required for the estimation of human cancer risks from exposure to environmental carcinogens at low doses. These include extrapolation between species (particularly rodent to human), from responses at high doses to those at low doses, and among different stages of life. Reductions in uncertainty in risk estimates are closely coupled to the ability to conduct reliable extrapolations. The best way forward appears to be the use of data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis to develop bioindicators of responses related to the pathway to tumor formation. Such an approach is proposed based on the phenotypes represented by the six acquired characteristics forming the Hanahan-Weinberg model for carcinogenesis (The Hallmarks of Cancer). In addition, approaches can be established that use the Hanahan-Weinberg model as the basis for the collection and/or analysis of microarray or similar data. The reduction in reliance on default options and safety factors in the risk assessment process is a real possibility. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 589 IS 3 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2005.03.001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 930MQ UT WOS:000229420500001 PM 15878140 ER PT J AU Slikker, W Acuff, K Boyes, WK Chelonis, J Crofton, KM Dearlove, GE Li, A Moser, VC Newland, C Rossi, J Schantz, S Sette, W Sheets, L Stanton, M Tyl, S Sobotka, TJ AF Slikker, W Acuff, K Boyes, WK Chelonis, J Crofton, KM Dearlove, GE Li, A Moser, VC Newland, C Rossi, J Schantz, S Sette, W Sheets, L Stanton, M Tyl, S Sobotka, TJ TI Behavioral test methods workshop SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/24th Annual Meeting of the Behavioral-Toxicology-Society held in Conjunction with the 45th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 25-28, 2005 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP NeurobehavTeratol Soc, Behav Toxicol Soc, Teratol Soc DE behavior; dose-response; experimental design; safety assessment; test method selection; training; validation; control of confounds; data variability; data analysis; data interpretation and risk assessment ID HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; TOXICOLOGY; EXPOSURE; BATTERY; DESIGN AB A one and a half day workshop on behavioral testing was conducted in order to discuss experimental procedures and practices that may help enhance the utility of behavioral data as a reliable index of neurotoxicity and in the safety evaluation of chemical substances. The workshop was open to participation by all sectors of the neuroscience community including academia, government, testing laboratories, and industry. The level of confidence with which changes in behavior can reliably signal adverse effects on the nervous system depends, in part, on the scientific quality of the data generated. With an emphasis on education and problem solving, the workshop focused on the practical aspects and scientific rationale underlying valid and high quality testing. In behavioral testing, there are numerous experimental factors that may impact on the quality of data. These include such elements as experimental design, selection of test methods, the care and precision in the conduct of behavioral testing, procedures to minimize bias and potential confounds, appropriateness of statistical analyses, and data interpretation. In plenary session investigators experienced in behavioral testing discussed the significance of these various experimental factors to data quality, outlined problematic issues, and presented a synopsis of approaches for addressing each of the factors as outlined in a draft of a primer developed by the Interagency Committee on Neurotoxicology (ICON). During the remainder of the workshop, open discussions in small breakout groups were used to address the problematic issues identified by the plenary speakers and explore alternative approaches for dealing with them. Finally, all workshop participants were reconvened in plenary session for summation of breakout group discussions and final recommendations. Information from the workshop was used to form the basis of this manuscript and will be used to help finalize a behavioral test methods primer being drafted by the ICON. The overall conclusions from the workshop were that consensus can be reached on the fundamentals of behavioral assessment, and that aspects of behavioral assessment including experimental design, test method selection, training, validation, control of confounds, data variability, data analysis, and data interpretation need to be carefully considered in the planning and conduct of behavioral safety assessments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, US FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. US FDA, CFSAN, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Slikker, W (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM wslikker@nctr.fda.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.02.003 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 942GM UT WOS:000230270900005 PM 15939202 ER PT J AU Murr, AS Goldman, JM AF Murr, AS Goldman, JM TI Twenty-week exposures to the drinking water disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid: reproductive cyclicity and steroid concentrations in the female Sprague-Dawley rat SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-product; dibromoacetic acid; estradiol; estrone; estrous cyclicity ID RELEASE IN-VITRO; CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; ESTRADIOL; HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INVITRO; SPERM; VIVO AB Elevated gavage exposures to the drinking water disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid (DBA) have been found to disrupt estrous cyclicity in the rat and induce increases in estradiol concentrations in both cycling (day of estrus) and ovariectomized/estradiol-implanted females. The present study was designed to investigate both effects in Sprague-Dawley rats following an extended 20-week treatment with lower dosages of DBA administered in the drinking water (calculated mean intake concentrations of 5, 16, and 33 mg/kg/d). No treatment-related effects on cyclicity were present, although elevations in serum estradiol on the day of vaginal estrus were noted in regularly cycling rats when assessed at the 3rd and 11th weeks of exposure. By the 19th week, this effect was no longer present in cycling animals, but its absence was attributable to a marked increase in control estradiol concentrations, which may be associated with endocrine alterations that precede a disruption in estrous cyclicity in middle-aged females. In the 20th week, diestrous estrone levels were elevated at all dosages without effects on serum and rostenedione or progesterone. Uterine and pituitary weights were unchanged at this time, although there were modest increases in liver weights at the two highest dosages. A small number of rats in persistent estrus (PE) did show a general increase in pituitary weight associated with DBA exposure, possibly reflecting an added layering of treatment on the PE-associated rise in estradiol normally seen in these females. The results indicate that increases in circulating estradiol from drinking water exposures to DBA were not linked to a premature disruption of estrous cyclicity in this moderately estrogen-sensitive rat strain. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.Jerome@epa.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.12.006 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 917DZ UT WOS:000228437500009 PM 15808788 ER PT J AU Mills, LJ Chichester, C AF Mills, LJ Chichester, C TI Review of evidence: Are endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the aquatic environment impacting fish populations? SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE endocrine disruption; EDC; fish; fish population; fish reproduction ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS; TREATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT; PUBLIC REFUSE DUMP AB In this paper, evidence from the current literature is presented that addresses either of two questions: 1) do EDCs in the aquatic environment have the potential to impact the reproductive health and survival of various fish species, and 2) are EDCs in the aquatic environment actually impacting the reproductive health and sustainability of indigenous populations of fish? Overall, data from laboratory experiments support the hypothesis that EDCs in the aquatic environment can impact the reproductive health of various fish species, but evidence that EDCs in the aquatic environment are actually impacting the reproductive health and sustainability of indigenous fish populations is less convincing. The scarcity of evidence linking impacts of environmental EDCs with changes in reproductive success of indigenous fish populations may reflect a critical need for a dependable method or indicator to assess reproduction of fish in situ. In addition, more studies that investigate whether fish populations routinely exposed to EDCs in situ are experiencing changes in population structure are needed. Linking endocrine disruption and reproductive impairment with an ecologically relevant impact on the sustainability of real fish populations remains, with few exceptions, an open challenge. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Mills, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mills.lesley@epa.gov NR 154 TC 246 Z9 262 U1 11 U2 126 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 343 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.070 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929JM UT WOS:000229342400001 PM 15862833 ER PT J AU Schwetz, BA Lehman-McKeeman, L Birnbaum, LS AF Schwetz, BA Lehman-McKeeman, L Birnbaum, LS TI Toxicological research involving humans: Ethical and regulatory considerations SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Human Res Protect, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Discovery Toxicol, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schwetz, BA (reprint author), 1101 Wootton Pkwy,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM bschwetz@osophs.dhhs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi140 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 916PO UT WOS:000228398000001 PM 15827268 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Deisinger, PJ Poet, TS English, JC Faber, WD Barton, HA Corley, RA Clewell, HJ AF Teeguarden, JG Deisinger, PJ Poet, TS English, JC Faber, WD Barton, HA Corley, RA Clewell, HJ TI Derivation of a human equivalent concentration for n-butanol using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for n-butyl acetate and metabolites n-butanol and n-butyric acid SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PBPK model; pharmacokinetics; acetates; extrapolation; risk assessment; metabolic series approach; n-butyl acetate; n-butanol; n-butyric acid ID RAT; VAPOR AB The metabolic series approach for risk assessment uses a dosimetry-based analysis to develop toxicity information for a group of metabolically linked compounds using pharmacokinetic (PK) data for each compound and toxicity data for the parent compound. The metabolic series approach for n-butyl acetate and its subsequent metabolites, n-butanol and n-butyric acid (the butyl series), was first demonstrated using a provisional physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the butyl series. The objective of this work was to complete development of the PBPK model for the butyl series. Rats were administered test compounds by iv bolus dose, iv infusion, or by inhalation in a recirculating closed chamber. Hepatic, vascular, and extravascular metabolic constants for metabolism were estimated by fitting the model to the blood time course data from these experiments. The respiratory bioavailability of n-butyl acetate (100% of alveolar ventilation) and n-butanol (50% of alveolar ventilation) was estimated from closed chamber inhalation studies and measured ventilation rates. The resulting butyl series PBPK model successfully reproduces the blood time course of these compounds following iv administration and inhalation exposure to n-butyl acetate and n-butanol in rats and arterial blood n-butanol kinetics following inhalation exposure to n-butanol in humans. These validated inhalation route models can be used to support species and dose-route extrapolations required for risk assessment of butyl series family of compounds. Human equivalent concentrations of 169 ppm and 1066 ppm n-butanol corresponding to the rat n-butyl acetate NOAELs of 500 and 3000 ppm were derived using the models. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Eastman Kodak Co, Hlth & Environm Labs, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. Willem Faber Toxicol Consulting, Victor, NY 14564 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. ENVIRON Hlth Sci Inst, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 429 EP 446 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi103 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 916PO UT WOS:000228398000003 PM 15703268 ER PT J AU Kenyon, EM Del Razo, LM Hughes, MF AF Kenyon, EM Del Razo, LM Hughes, MF TI Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in mice following acute oral administration of arsenate SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Toxicol DE inorganic arsenic; metabolites; dimethylated arsenic; monomethylated arsenic ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; WEST-BENGAL; DNA-DAMAGE; IN-VITRO; TRIVALENT AB The relationship of exposure dose and tissue concentration of parent chemical and metabolites is a critical issue in cases where toxicity may be mediated by a metabolite or by parent chemical and metabolite acting together. This has emerged as an issue for inorganic arsenic (iAs), because both its trivalent and pentavalent methylated metabolites have unique toxicities; the methylated trivalent metabolites also exhibit greater potency than trivalent inorganic arsenic (arsenite, As-III) for some endpoints. In this study, the time-course tissue distributions for iAs and its methylated metabolites were determined in blood, liver, lung, and kidney of female B6C3F1 mice given a single oral dose of 0, 10, or 100 mu mol As/kg (sodium arsenate, As-V). Compared to other organs, blood concentrations of iAs, mono- (MMA), and dimethylated arsenic (DMA) were uniformly lower across both dose levels and time points. Liver and kidney concentrations of iAs were similar at both dose levels and peaked at 1 h post dosing. Inorganic As was the predominant arsenical in liver and kidney up to 1 and 2 h post dosing, with 10 and 100 mu mol As/kg, respectively. At later times, DMA was the predominant metabolite in liver and kidney. By 1 h post dosing, concentrations of MMA in kidney were 3- to 4-fold higher compared to other tissues. Peak concentrations of DMA in kidney were achieved at 2 h post dosing for both dose levels. Notably, DMA was the predominant metabolite in lung at all time points following dosing with 10 mu mol As/kg. DMA concentration in lung equaled or exceeded that of other tissues from 4 h post dosing onward for both dose levels. These data demonstrate distinct organ-specific differences in the distribution and methylation of iAs and its methylated metabolites after exposure to As-V that should be considered when investigating mechanisms of arsenic-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CINVESTAV, IPN, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RP Kenyon, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Mail Stop B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kenyon.elaina@epa.gov NR 49 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 468 EP 475 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi107 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 916PO UT WOS:000228398000006 PM 15703264 ER PT J AU Sui, L Anderson, WL Gilbert, ME AF Sui, L Anderson, WL Gilbert, ME TI Impairment in short-term but enhanced long-term synaptic potentiation and ERK activation in adult hippocampal area CA1 following developmental thyroid hormone Insufficiency SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hypothyroidism; hippocampus; paired-pulse facilitation; long-term potentiation; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; adult ID NEONATAL-RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; PROTEIN-KINASE CASCADE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; DENTATE GYRUS; SYNAPSIN-I; HYPOTHYROIDISM; PLASTICITY; LTP; TRANSMISSION; PREGNANCY AB Thyroid hormones are critical for the development and maturation of the central nervous system. Insufficiency of thyroid hormones during development impairs performance on tasks of learning and memory that rely upon the hippocampus and impairs synaptic function in young hypothyroid animals. The present study was designed to determine if perturbations in synaptic function persist in adult euthyroid animals exposed developmentally to insufficient levels of hormone. Pre- and postnatal thyroid hormone insufficiency was induced by administration of 3 or 10 ppm propylthiouracil (PTU) to pregnant and lactating dams via the drinking water from gestation day (GD) 6 until postnatal day (PN) 30. This regimen produced a graded level of hormonal insufficiency in the dam and the offspring. Population spike and population excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) were recorded at the pyramidal cell layer and the stratum radiatum, respectively, in area CA1 of hippocampal slices from adult male offspring. PTU exposure increased baseline synaptic transmission, reduced paired-pulse facilitation, and increased the magnitude of the population spike long-term potentiation (LTP). Phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) was increased as a function of LTP stimulation in slices from PTU-exposed adult animals. On the other hand, no differences in the basal levels of synaptic proteins implicated in synaptic plasticity (total ERK, synapsin, growth-associated protein-43, and neurogranin) were detected. These results reinforce previous findings of persistent changes in synaptic function and, importantly extend these observations to moderate levels of thyroid hormone insufficiency that do not induce significant toxicity to the dams or the offspring. Such alterations in hippocampal synaptic function may contribute to persistent behavioral deficits associated with developmental hypothyroidism. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 61 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi095 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 916PO UT WOS:000228398000024 PM 15673845 ER PT J AU Pepelko, WE Gaylor, DW Mukerjee, D AF Pepelko, WE Gaylor, DW Mukerjee, D TI Comparative toxic potency ranking of chlorophenols SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chlorophenols; comparative toxicity; risk assessment ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PURIFIED PENTACHLOROPHENOL; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; INVITRO CYTOTOXICITY; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; GFS CELLS; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; CHEMICALS; PROTEIN AB Chlorophenols are prevalent in all media of the environment. The most common environmental source of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other chlorinated phenols are via the lumber industry as a wood preservative and as a pesticide in plant production. The US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) contaminant candidate list (CCL) includes a majority of these compounds as unregulated contaminants. Except for pentachlorophenol, there is a lack of human or animal data base which can be used for human health risk assessment. The specific aim of this study is to develop a rationale to use in vivo nonmammalian, in vitro mammalian and nonmammallan, micro-organism toxicity data base, structural activity, mechanistic and toxicokinetic data bases for developing a relative toxic potency ranking scheme of chlorophenols. Although the toxic potency of chlorophenols was found to increase with the number of chlorines, the potency decreases if the chlorines are attached in the ortho position of the molecules. Based on the LOAELs and mammalian in vitro data, the relative potency of chlorophenols determined to be best estimated by the ratios of log K-ow to the 0.55 power. The relationship of the toxic potency derived from such an approach is largely presumptive. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Sci Int Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Mukerjee, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mukerjee.debdas@epa.gov NR 79 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 93 EP 111 DI 10.1191/0748233705th204oa PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 955ZC UT WOS:000231267700001 ER PT J AU Bramblett, RG Johnson, TR Zale, AV Heggem, DG AF Bramblett, RG Johnson, TR Zale, AV Heggem, DG TI Development and evaluation of a fish assemblage index of biotic integrity for northwestern Great Plains streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ARKANSAS RIVER-BASIN; PRAIRIE STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; IBI; CYPRINIDAE; SCALES; KANSAS AB Quantitative indicators of biological integrity are needed for streams in the Great Plains of North America, but it was not known whether the index of biotic integrity (IBI) approach would be effective in this semiarid region. Great Plains streams have a depauperate and tolerant ichthyofauna and highly variable physicochemical conditions that may mask the effects of non-point-source pollution and stream habitat degradation. We developed an IBI based on fish assemblages by screening metrics for range, responsiveness to human influence, precision, and lack of redundancy; we then tested the IBI's ability to detect anthropogenic effects by validating the index with an independent data set. The IBI was composed of 10 metrics based on species richness and composition, trophic and reproductive guilds, and age structure. These 10 metrics had many significant correlations with substrate and water chemistry variables but had fewer significant correlations with riparian condition and watershed variables. Of the watershed variables, road density had the highest number of significant correlations with final IBI metrics. The IBI was validated by demonstrating its responsiveness to aggregate measures of human influence, site-level habitat, and water chemistry, and its lack of responsiveness to factors that varied naturally, such as stream size and site elevation. The IBI was also temporally stable within and between years during repeat visits to a subset of sampled reaches. This IBI can be used as a measure of biological integrity for management of prairie streams faced with threats such as introduced species, intensive agriculture, grazing, and coalbed natural gas extraction. Although we developed this IBI based on data from Montana prairie streams only, our IBI can probably serve as a framework for other North American plains streams and our results suggest that the IBI approach may be useful in other semiarid regions of the world. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Bramblett, RG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bbram@montana.edu OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 72 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 624 EP 640 DI 10.1577/T04-051.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300008 ER PT J AU Liu, WX Dahab, MF Surampalli, RY AF Liu, WX Dahab, MF Surampalli, RY TI Nitrogen transformations modeling in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wetlands systems; subsurface-flow wetlands; nitrogen; modeling; wastewater treatment ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; FLOODED SOILS; PERFORMANCE; MINERALIZATION; SIMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) wastewater treatment typically results in satisfactory organics removal. However, the removal of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, is often unreliable, and typically less than desired, and nitrogen transformations in wetlands systems are not well-understood. The principal objective of this study was to establish a basis for quantification of nitrogen transformations through subsurface flow CW systems. Actual performance data from a full-scale facility located near Lincoln, Nebraska, were used to calibrate a proposed nitrogen transformations model, which, in turn, was used to replicate and predict the wetlands performance. To realize this objective, a compartmental analysis technique, which uses a set of differential equations and nonlinear optimization numerical methods, was used for solving nitrogen transformation rates and for predicting wetland performance. The model satisfactorily reproduced the mean effluent concentrations for organic nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen, but with lesser accuracy with respect to peak high and low effluent concentrations. Nitrogen mass balance in the wetland was used to identify Rely nitrogen transformation pathways. Generally, it was found that approximately one-third of the influent nitrogen mass was removed through nitrification and denitrification, one-third was removed through vegetative assimilation, and the remainder was discharged in the wetland effluent. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Dahab, MF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM mdahab@unl.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 246 EP 258 DI 10.2175/106143005X41825 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 927NW UT WOS:000229201600006 PM 15969290 ER PT J AU Pruden, A Sedran, MA Suidan, MT Venosa, AD AF Pruden, A Sedran, MA Suidan, MT Venosa, AD TI Anaerobic biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether under iron-reducing conditions in batch and continuous-flow cultures SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fuel-oxygenates; methyl tert-butyl ether; ethanol; anaerobic biodegradation; iron reduction ID REDOX CONDITIONS; MTBE; DEGRADATION; BTEX; TBA; CONSORTIUM; MIXTURES AB The feasibility of biodegradation of the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) under iron-reducing conditions was explored in batch and continuous-flow systems. A porous pot completely-mixed reactor was seeded with diverse cultures and operated under iron-reducing conditions. For batch studies, culture from the reactor was transferred anaerobically to serum bottles containing either MTBE alone or MTBE with ethanol (EtOH) and excess electron acceptor. In the continuous-flow reactor, MTBE conversion to tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was observed after 18 1 days of operation, and stable removal was achieved throughout the remainder of the study. Simultaneously, both the MTBE only and the MTBE and EtOH iron-reducing batch serum bottles also began to degrade MTBE. Bottles were respiked and the degradation rate was determined to be 2.36 +/- 0.10 x 10(-4) mmol MTBE/min-kgVSS. The EtOH present with MTBE degraded faster (7.76 +/- 0.08 x 10(-3) mmol EtOH/min-kg VSS) but did not have a noticeable effect on the rate of MTBE degradation. No evidence of TBA degradation was observed by the iron-reducing cultures. Stoichiometry of iron utilization was determined from the iron balance of the continuous-flow reactor, and it was found that the bulk of the electron acceptor was required for energy and maintenance with little remaining for cell synthesis. This is consistent with a yield coefficient of less than 0.1. Molecular analysis of the iron-reducing culture by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that uncultured strains of delta-Proteobacteria were dominant in the reactor. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM makram.suidan@uc.edu RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.2175/106143005X41889 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 927NW UT WOS:000229201600012 PM 15969296 ER PT J AU Huling, SG Jones, PK Ela, WP Arnold, RG AF Huling, SG Jones, PK Ela, WP Arnold, RG TI Fenton-driven chemical regeneration of MTBE-spent GAC SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; oxidation; chemical regeneration; MTBE; surface area ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; UV/H2O2 PROCESS; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; OXIDANT; METHYL AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-spent granular activated carbon (GAC) was chemically regenerated utilizing the Fenton mechanism. Two successive GAC regeneration cycles were performed involving iterative adsorption and oxidation processes: MTBE was adsorbed to the GAC, oxidized, re-adsorbed, oxidized, and finally re-adsorbed. Oxidant solutions comprised of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (1.7-2.0%) and FeSO(4)center dot 72wH(2)O(4l) (3g/L) (pH 2.5), were recirculated through the GAC column (30% bed expansion). The regeneration efficiency after two full cycles of treatment was calculated to be 91%. The cost of H2O2 was $0.59/kg GAC ($0.27/lb) per regeneration cycle. There was no loss of sorptive capacity. Small reductions in carbon surface area and pore volume were measured. The lack of carbon deterioration under aggressive oxidative conditions was attributed to the oxidation of the target contaminants relative to the oxidation of carbon surfaces. The reaction byproducts from MTBE oxidation, tertiary butanol and acetone, were also degraded and did not accumulate significantly on the GAC. Excessive accumulation of Fe on the GAC and consequent interference with MTBE sorption and carbon regeneration was controlled by monitoring and adjusting Fe in the oxidative solution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2145 EP 2153 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.027 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 941VB UT WOS:000230241200023 PM 15885738 ER PT J AU Lehmler, HJ Robertson, LW Garrison, AW Kodavanti, PRS AF Lehmler, HJ Robertson, LW Garrison, AW Kodavanti, PRS TI Effects of PCB 84 enantiomers on [H-3]-phorbol ester binding in rat cerebellar granule cells and Ca-45(2+)-uptake in rat cerebellum SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; enantiomers; neurotoxicity; PKC translocation; Ca2+-buffering ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; NONHUMAN PRIMATE BRAIN; ATROPISOMERS; EXPOSURE; MECHANISM; MIXTURES; NEURONS; CULTURE; ADULT AB There is evidence that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners with ortho chlorine substituents have potential to cause neurotoxicity. Many PCB congeners implicated in these neurotoxic effects are chiral. It is currently unknown if the enantiomers of chiral PCB congeners have different neurotoxic effects. We herein report the effect of racemic 2,2',3,3',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 84) and its enantiorners on two neurochernical measures, protein kinase C (PKC) translocation as determined by [H-3]phorobol ester binding in cerebellar granule cells and Ca2+-sequestration as determined by Ca-45(2+)-uptake by microsomes isolated from adult rat cerebellum. Both (+)- and (-)-PCB 84 increased [H-3]-phorobol ester binding in a concentration-dependent manner with (-)-PCB 84 being slightly more potent. Racemic PCB 84 was significantly more potent and efficacious than the pure enantiomers alone. (-)- and (+)-PCB 84 each inhibited microsornal Ca-45(2+)-uptake to a similar extent, whereas racemic, PCB 84 was more potent and efficacious. These results indicate that PCB 84 enantionlers alone can have different potencies, and these may differ from that of the racemic mixture, observations that may have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of chiral PCB congeners. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch,Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lehmler, HJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 100 Oakdale Campus,124 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM hans-joachim-lehmler@uiowa.edu OI Lehmler, Hans-Joachim/0000-0001-9163-927X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 012475, P42 ES013661, ES 07380] NR 47 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 156 IS 3 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.12.011 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 911XS UT WOS:000228040700008 PM 15763638 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, GL Foos, BP Firestone, MP AF Ginsberg, GL Foos, BP Firestone, MP TI Review and analysis of inhalation dosimetry methods for application to children's risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Review ID INTRASPECIES UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; HUMAN-LUNG; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; INFANT-MORTALITY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION AB Young children have a greater ventilation rate per body weight or pulmonary surface area as compared to adults. The implications of this difference for inhalation dosimetry and children's risk assessment were evaluated in runs of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( U. S. EPA) 1994 reference concentration (RfC) methodology and the ICRP 1994 inhalation dosimetry model. Dosimetry estimates were made for 3-mo-old children and adults for particles and Category 1 and 2 reactive gases in the following respiratory-tract regions: extrathoracic ( ET), tracheobronchial ( BB), bronchioles (bb), and pulmonary (PU). Systemic dosimetry estimates were made for nonreactive ( Category 3) gases. Results suggest similar ET dosimetry for children and adults for all types of inhaled materials. BB dosimetry was also similar across age groups except that the dosimetry of ultrafine particles in this region was twofold greater in 3-mo-old children than in adults. In contrast, the bb region generally showed higher dosimetry of particles and gases in adults than in children. Particle dose in the PU region was two- to fourfold higher in 3-mo-old children, with the greatest child/adult difference occurring for submicron size particles. Particulate dosimetry estimates with the default RfC methodology were below those found with the ICRP model for both adults and children for submicrometer sized particles. There were no cases in which reactive gas dosimetry was substantially greater in the respiratory regions of 3-mo-old children. Estimates of systemic dose of Category 3 gases were greater in 3-mo-old children than in adults, especially for liver dose of metabolite for rapidly metabolized gases. These analyses support the approach of assuming twofold greater inhalation dose in children than adults, although there are cases in which this differential can be greater and others where it can be less. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ginsberg, GL (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, 410 Capitol Ave,Mail Stop 11 CHA, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. EM gary.ginsberg@po.state.ct.us NR 113 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 23 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 573 EP 615 DI 10.1080/15287390590921793 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 919MF UT WOS:000228621400001 PM 15901090 ER PT J AU Kleeberger, SR Schwartz, DA AF Kleeberger, SR Schwartz, DA TI From quantitative trait locus to gene - A work in progress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Kleeberger, SR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 171 IS 8 BP 804 EP 805 DI 10.1164/rccm.2501002 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 916VP UT WOS:000228414800002 PM 15817805 ER PT J AU Donohue, MJ Satterfield, MB Dalluge, JJ Welch, MJ Girard, JE Bunk, DM AF Donohue, MJ Satterfield, MB Dalluge, JJ Welch, MJ Girard, JE Bunk, DM TI Capillary electrophoresis for the investigation of prostate-specitic antigen heterogeneity SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; isoforms; heterogeneity; capillary electrophoresis ID IN-VITRO STABILITY; GAMMA-SEMINOPROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; SEMINAL PLASMA; SCREENING-TEST; PSA; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; SEPARATION AB Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a single-chain glycoprotein that is used as a biomarker for prostate-related diseases. PSA has one known posttranslational modification, a sialylated diantermary N-linked oligosaccharide attached to the asparagine residue N45. In this study capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed to separate the isoforms of seven commercially available free PSA samples, two of which were specialized: enzymatically active PSA and noncomplexing PSA. The free PSA samples examined migrated as four to nine distinct, highly resolved peaks, indicating the presence of several isoforms differing in their oligosaccharide compositions. Overall, the use of CE provides a rapid, reproducible method for separation of PSA into its individual isoforins. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cargill Cent Res, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. RP Donohue, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Donohue.maura@epa.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.043 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 913YX UT WOS:000228192700016 PM 15797573 ER PT J AU McDorman, KS Pachkowski, BF Nakamura, J Wolf, DC Swenberg, JA AF McDorman, KS Pachkowski, BF Nakamura, J Wolf, DC Swenberg, JA TI Oxidative DNA damage from potassium bromate exposure in Long-Evans rats is not enhanced by a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; 8-oxoguanine; oxidative damage; Eker rat; drinking rats; mixture ID 25 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS; EXCISION-REPAIR PATHWAY; MAMMALIAN-TISSUES; CHEMICAL-MIXTURE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; GENOMIC DNA; B6C3F1 MICE; EKER RATS; CELLS; CARCINOGENICITY AB Public drinking water treated with chemical disinfectants contains a complex mixture of disinfection by-products (DBPs) for which the relative toxicity of the mixtures needs to be characterized to accurately assess risk. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a by-product from ozonation of high-bromide surface water for production of drinking water and is a rodent carcinogen that produces thyroid, mesothelial, and renal tumors. The proposed mechanism of KBrO3 renal carcinogenesis involves the formation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a promutagenic base lesion in DNA typically removed through base excision repair (BER). In this study, male Long-Evans rats were exposed via drinking water to carcinogenic concentrations of KBrO3 (0.4 g/L), 3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (0.07 g/L), chloroform (1.8 g/L), bromodichloromethane (0.7 g/L), or a mixture of all these chemicals at the same concentrations for 3 weeks. Half of one kidney was processed for microscopic examination, and the remaining kidney was frozen for isolation of genomic DNA. Levels of 8-oxoG were measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection in DNA samples incubated with formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase. Aldehydic lesions (e.g. abasic sites) in DNA samples were quantitated using an aldehyde-reactive probe slot-blot assay. Treatment with KBrO3 produced a measurable increase of 8-oxoG in the kidney, and this effect was greater than that produced by treatment with the DBP mixture. No other single chemical treatment caused measurable increases of 8-oxoG. The mixture effect on the amount of 8-oxoG observed in this study suggests an interaction between chemicals that reduced the generation of oxidative DNA damage. No increases in abasic sites were observed with treatment, but a decrease was apparent in the rats treated with the DBP mixture. These data are consistent with previous studies where chronic exposure to this chemical mixture in drinking water resulted in a less than additive carcinogenic response in Tsc2 mutant Long-Evans rats. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-B143-06,109 TW Alexander, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wolf.doug@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07126] NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2-3 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.02.003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 922PL UT WOS:000228849900004 PM 15840384 ER PT J AU Beck-Speier, I Dayal, N Karg, E Maier, KL Schumann, G Schulz, H Semmler, M Takenaka, S Stettmaier, K Bors, W Ghio, A Samet, JM Heyder, J AF Beck-Speier, I Dayal, N Karg, E Maier, KL Schumann, G Schulz, H Semmler, M Takenaka, S Stettmaier, K Bors, W Ghio, A Samet, JM Heyder, J TI Oxidative stress and lipid mediators induced in alveolar macrophages by ultrafine particles SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ultrafine particles; oxidative stress; phospholipase A(2); lipid mediators; prostaglandin E-2; leukotriene B-4; 8-isoprostane; alveolar macrophages; free radicals ID CA2+-INDEPENDENT PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; POLLUTANTS INDUCE; NADPH OXIDASE; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; CARBON; RATS; PROSTAGLANDINS; INFLAMMATION AB In ambient aerosols, ultrafine particles (UFP) and their agglomerates are considered to be major factors contributing to adverse health effects. Reactivity of agglomerated UFP of elemental carbon (EC), Printex 90, Printex G, and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) was evaluated by the capacity of particles to oxidize methionine in a cell-free in vitro system for determination of their innate oxidative potential and by alveolar macrophages (AMs) to determine production of arachidonic acid (AA), including formation of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), leukotriene B-4 (LTB4), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane. EC exhibiting high oxidative potential induced generation of AA, PGE(2), LTB4, and 8-isoprostane in canine and human AMs. Printex 90, Printex G, and DEP, showing low oxidative capacity, still induced formation of AA and PGE(2), but not that of LTB4 or 8-isoprostane. Aging of EC lowered oxidative potential while still inducing production of AA and PGE(2) but not that of LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. Cellular ROS production was stimulated by all particles independent of oxidative potential. Particle-induced formation of AA metabolites and ROS was dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) as shown by inhibitor studies. In conclusion, cPLA(2), PGE(2), and ROS formation was activated by all particle types, whereas LTB4 production and 8-isoprostane were strongly dependent on particles' oxidative potential. Physical and chemical parameters of particle surface correlated with oxidative potential and stimulation of AM PGE(2) and 8-isoprostane production. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Inhalat Biol, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Biol, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Environm Protect Agcy, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Beck-Speier, I (reprint author), GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Inhalat Biol, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. EM beck-speier@gsf.de RI Karg, Erwin/E-1441-2013; Schulz, Holger/J-5643-2015 OI Schulz, Holger/0000-0002-1157-200X NR 45 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1080 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.01.004 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 912DQ UT WOS:000228057700011 PM 15780766 ER PT J AU Mayer, AL Kauppi, PE Angelstam, PK Zhang, Y Tikka, PM AF Mayer, AL Kauppi, PE Angelstam, PK Zhang, Y Tikka, PM TI Importing timber, exporting ecological impact SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOREST POLICY; BOREAL FORESTS; CONSERVATION; CHINA; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTS C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Forest Sci, Sch Forest Engineers, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Mayer, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM mayer.audrey@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 28 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5720 BP 359 EP 360 DI 10.1126/science.1109476 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917TL UT WOS:000228492000034 PM 15831743 ER PT J AU Li, JX Waters, SB Drobna, Z Devesa, V Styblo, M Thomas, DJ AF Li, JX Waters, SB Drobna, Z Devesa, V Styblo, M Thomas, DJ TI Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and the inorganic arsenic methylation phenotype SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; inorganic arsenic; oxidation state ID ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; MARMOSET MONKEYS; TRIMETHYLARSINE; METABOLISM; CHIMPANZEE; REDUCTION; TOXICITY; BINDING; OXIDE AB Inorganic arsenic is enzymatically methylated; hence, its ingestion results in exposure to the parent compound and various methylated arsenicals. Both experimental and epidemiological evidences suggest that some of the adverse health effects associated with chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic may be mediated by these methylated metabolites. If iAs methylation is an activation process, then the phenotype for inorganic arsenic methylation may determine risk associated with exposure to this metalloid. We examined inorganic arsenic methylation phenotypes and arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase genotypes in four species: three that methylate inorganic arsenic (human (Homo sapiens), rat (Rattus norwegicus), and mouse (Mus musculus)) and one that does not methylate inorganic arsenic (chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes). The predicted protein products from arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase are similar in size for rat (369 amino acid residues), mouse (376 residues), and human (375 residues). By comparison, a 275-nucleotide deletion beginning at nucleotide 612 in the chimpanzee gene sequence causes a frameshift that leads to a nonsense mutation for a premature stop codon after amino acid 205. The null phenotype for inorganic arsenic methylation in the chimpanzee is likely due to the deletion in the gene for arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase that yields an inactive truncated protein. This lineage-specific loss of function caused by the deletion event must have occurred in the Pan lineage after Homo-Pan divergence about 5 million years ago. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Thomas, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, MD-B143-1,109 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thomas.david@epa.gov RI Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 56350]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES010845, R01 ES010845-05] NR 28 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.002 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 916GF UT WOS:000228372700006 PM 15808521 ER PT J AU Saunders, JA Lee, MK Uddin, A Mohammad, S Wilkin, RT Fayek, M Korte, NE AF Saunders, JA Lee, MK Uddin, A Mohammad, S Wilkin, RT Fayek, M Korte, NE TI Natural arsenic contamination of Holocene alluvial aquifers by linked tectonic, weathering, and microbial processes SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; weathering; glaciers; groundwater; bacteria; Bangladesh; biogeosciences : metals; biogeosciences : microbe/mineral interactions; geochemistry : geochemical modeling geochemistry : geochemical cycles geochemistry : major and trace element geochemistry ID IN-GROUND WATER; UNITED-STATES; BENGAL BASIN; DRINKING-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; BANGLADESH; RELEASE; GEOCHEMISTRY; ENRICHMENT; MECHANISMS AB Linked tectonic, geochemical, and biologic processes lead to natural arsenic contamination of groundwater in Holocene alluvial aquifers, which are the main threat to human health around the world. These groundwaters are commonly found a long distance from their ultimate source of arsenic, where chemical weathering of As-bearing minerals occurs. We propose a "GBH-As'' model that ties together all of the important tectonic, biologic, and hydrologic processes that cause natural As release in groundwater in Holocene terrestrial deposits. Processes highlighted by the "GBH-As'' model can explain the movement of arsenic from lithosphere to hydrosphere. However, we propose a factor that has increased dissolved As concentrations in Holocene aquifers to levels where human health is threatened: mechanical weathering associated with Pleistocene glaciation. Our model invokes erosion of mountain belts aided by glaciers, transport of arsenic by surface waters, adsorption of As by stream sediments, and deposition of stream sediments and organic matter in alluvial deposits. Subsequently, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria present in alluvial aquifers cause the release of sorbed As to groundwater under moderately reducing conditions. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saunders, JA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, 210 Petrie Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM saundja@auburn.edu NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q04006 DI 10.1029/2004GC000803 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 917QN UT WOS:000228479600001 ER PT J AU Pandis, S Solomon, PA Scheffe, R AF Pandis, S Solomon, PA Scheffe, R TI Preface to special section on Particulate Matter Supersites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; PROGRAM C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pandis, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; OI Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D7 AR D07S01 DI 10.1029/2005JD005983 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917QU UT WOS:000228480400005 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Whitehurst, ME Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG AF Brown, JW Whitehurst, ME Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG TI The Pre-Optic Anterior Hypothalamus (POAH) partially mediates the hypothermic response to hemorrhage in rats SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pre-Optic Anterior Hypothalamus (POAH); thermoregulation; shock; thermode; hypothermia; hypothalamus ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; FIRING RATE; SET-POINT; HEAT-LOSS; OXYGEN; SHOCK; THERMOSENSITIVITY; THERMOREGULATION; SURVIVAL; NEURONS AB Two sets of experiments were performed to characterize the role of the Pre-Optic Area of the Anterior Hypothalamus (POAH) in the decrease in set point and hypothermia that follows severe hemorrhage. In the first set, lidocaine or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was microinjected into the POAH of rats at the time of hemorrhage. Lidocaine microinjection attenuated the hemorrhagic hypothermia by approximately 50%. The mean drop in core temperature (Tc) following hemorrhage was 1.5 degrees C with ACSF microinjection (N = 6), 0.70 degrees C (N = 6) with lidocaine, and 1.77 degrees C (N = 6) after sham microinjection. This partial attenuation of the hemorrhagic hypothermic response indicates that an intact POAH is necessary for at least some of the hypothermia following hemorrhage. In the second experimental set, hypothalamic tissue temperature (Thyp) was modulated in an attempt to alter the hemorrhagic hypothermic response. Bilateral closed-ended cannulas were inserted into the POAH. One cannula consisted of a water-perfused thermode to change local tissue temperature. The other housed a thermocouple to measure local temperature. The effectiveness of the thermode was first confirmed in conscious rats, evidenced by an inverse deflection in Tc upon Thyp modulation. Then, the POAH region was either heated, cooled, or sham perfused following hemorrhage. The mean drop in Tc following hemorrhage was 2.16 degrees C (N = 5) with hypothalamic heating, 1.35 degrees C (N = 5) with cooling, and 1.44 degrees C (N = 5) following the sham perfusion control. Heating of the POAH significantly exacerbated the hemorrhagic hypothermic response. These data further suggest that the POAH is at least partially responsible for mediating hemorrhagic hypothermia. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Physiol, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Carroll, RG (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Physiol, Brody Sch Med, 6N98,600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM carrollr@mail.ecu.edu OI Carroll, Robert/0000-0002-3965-287X NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 1041 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.069 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 919IL UT WOS:000228611600001 PM 15804494 ER PT J AU Grover, BD Kleinman, M Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Hopke, PK Long, RW Wilson, WE Meyer, MB Ambs, JL AF Grover, BD Kleinman, M Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Hopke, PK Long, RW Wilson, WE Meyer, MB Ambs, JL TI Measurement of total PM(2.)5 mass (nonvolatile plus semivolatile) with the Filter Dynamic Measurement System tapered element oscillating microbalance monitor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROSOL; PM2.5; PARTICLES AB Field studies have been performed in Lindon, Utah (February 2003) and Rubidoux, California (July 2003) to determine if the Rupprecht and Patashnick (RFP) Filter Dynamic Measurement System (FDMS) determines total fine particulate mass, including the semivolatile ammonium nitrate and organic material. Collocated measurements were made with the FDMS, a conventional tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor with a heated filter, an RFP differential TEOM monitor, the Brigham Young University (BYU) Real-Time Total Ambient Mass Sampler (RAMS), the BYU particle concentrator-organic sampling system (PC-BOSS), a PM2.5 Federal Reference Method (FRM), a PM2.5 speciation sampler, an RFP continuous nitrate monitor, and two Sunset continuous carbon monitors ( one to measure quartz filter-retained particulate carbon and one to measure particulate semivolatile carbonaceous material lost from the particles on a filter during sampling). The RAMS and PC-BOSS samplers have been shown to determine fine particulate material, including both the semivolatile and the nonvolatile components. Linear regression analysis at the Lindon site between the FDMS ( X) and the PC-BOSS (Y), and the FDMS (X) and the RAMS (Y), resulted in zero-intercept slopes of 1.01 +/- 0.06 (r(2) = 0.63) and 1.00 +/- 0.01 (r(2) = 0.69), respectively. At the Rubidoux sampling site, linear regression analysis between the PC-BOSS (X) and the FDMS( Y) gave a zero-intercept slope of 0.96 +/- 0.02 (r(2) = 0.90). Linear regression analysis between the FDMS (X) and the RAMS (Y) resulted in a zero-intercept slope of 0.99 +/- 0.01 (r(2) = 0.80). Measurements made at the two sites indicate that the FDMS and the RFP differential TEOM monitors do measure total fine particulate mass, including the semivolatile ammonium nitrate and organic material. Both the heated TEOM monitor and PM2.5 FRM did not measure the semivolatile material. The difference between the FDMS and a heated TEOM monitor was explained by the semivolatile ammonium nitrate and organic material measured by the various chemical composition monitors. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Rupprecht & Patashnick Co Inc, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Grover, BD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 16 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D7 AR D07S03 DI 10.1029/2004JD004995 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916IJ UT WOS:000228378300001 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Steenbergen, C Murphy, E AF Sun, JH Steenbergen, C Murphy, E TI S-nitrosylation of the L-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit contributes to male-female differences in ischemia-reperfusion injury under adrenergic stimulation SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 13 BP 1722 EP 1722 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 913CZ UT WOS:000228129900039 ER PT J AU Bonner, MR Rothman, N Mumford, JL He, XZ Shen, M Welch, R Yeager, M Chanock, S Caporaso, N Lan, Q AF Bonner, MR Rothman, N Mumford, JL He, XZ Shen, M Welch, R Yeager, M Chanock, S Caporaso, N Lan, Q TI Green tea consumption, genetic susceptibility, PAH-rich smoky coal, and the risk of lung cancer SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE green tea; smoky coal; lung cancer; OGG1; AKR1C3; GSTM1 ID HOGG1 SER326CYS POLYMORPHISM; ALDO-KETO REDUCTASE; XUAN-WEI; DIHYDRODIOL DEHYDROGENASE; COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; O-QUINONES; CELL-LINES; POLYPHENOLS; MECHANISMS AB Experimental evidence suggests that green tea (Camellia sinesis) may reduce the risk of lung cancer through several hypothesized mechanisms including scavenging oxidative radicals, inhibition of tumor initiation, and modulation of detoxification enzymes. However, epiderniologic results have not been consistent as to the relationship between green tea consumption and lung caner prevention. We employed a population-based case-control study of 122 cases and 122 controls to investigate the effect that green tea consumption may have on the risk of lung cancer and whether polymorphisms in 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1). glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and aldo-keto reductase IC3 (AKR1C3) modify such an association. Daily green tea consumption was associated with a non-significant reduction in lung cancer risk. However, the effect of smoky coal exposure was higher for non-drinkers (odds ratio (OR) = 4.93; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.27-19.13) than for drinkers (OR= 1.88-.95% CI = 1.01-3.48). Further, among individuals with the OGG1 Cys(326) allele, daily consumption was associated with a 72% reduction (95% CI=0.09-0.94). Among GSTM1 null homozygotes, those who consumed green tea daily had a non-significant reduction in risk compared with non-consumers. Green tea consumption had no effect among OGG1 Set- 326 homozygotes or GSTM1 carriers. In addition, AKR1C3 genotype did not modulate the effect of green tea consumption. The chemopreventive effects of green tea in this population may be restricted to individuals who are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Bonner, MR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8121,MSC 7240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bonnerm@mail.nih.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD APR 4 PY 2005 VL 582 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.12.008 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 913XV UT WOS:000228189800007 PM 15781210 ER PT J AU Erpenbeck, VJ Malherbe, DC Sommer, S Schmiedl, A Steinhilber, W Ghio, AJ Krug, N Wright, JR Hohlfeld, JM AF Erpenbeck, VJ Malherbe, DC Sommer, S Schmiedl, A Steinhilber, W Ghio, AJ Krug, N Wright, JR Hohlfeld, JM TI Surfactant protein D increases phagocytosis and aggregation of pollen-allergen starch granules SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; antigen processing; allergy; lung ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; BINDING-PROTEIN; ENHANCES UPTAKE; II CELLS; SP-A; PULMONARY; LUNG; HYPERSENSITIVITY; PARTICLES AB Recent studies have shown that surfactant components, in particular the collectins surfactant protein (SP)-A and -D, modulate the phagocytosis of various pathogens by alveolar macrophages. This interaction might be important not only for the elimination of pathogens but also for the elimination of inhaled allergens and might explain anti-inflammatory effects of SP-A and SP-D in allergic airway inflammation. We investigated the effect of surfactant components on the phagocytosis of allergen-containing pollen starch granules (PSG) by alveolar macrophages. PSG were isolated from Dactylis glomerata or Phleum pratense, two common grass pollen allergens, and incubated with either rat or human alveolar macrophages in the presence of recombinant human SP-A, SP-A purified from patients suffering from alveolar proteinosis, a recombinant fragment of human SP-D, dodecameric recombinant rat SP-D, or the commercially available surfactant preparations Curosurf and Alveofact. Dodecameric rat recombinant SP-D enhanced binding and phagocytosis of the PSG by alveolar macrophages, whereas the recombinant fragment of human SP-D, SP-A, or the surfactant lipid preparations had no effect. In addition, recombinant rat SP-D bound to the surface of the PSG and induced aggregation. Binding, aggregation, and enhancement of phagocytosis by recombinant rat SP-D was completely blocked by EDTA and inhibited by D-maltose and to a lesser extent by D-galactose, indicating the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D in these functions. The modulation of allergen phagocytosis by SP-D might play an important role in allergen clearance from the lung and thereby modulate the allergic inflammation of asthma. C1 Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Resp Med, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Anat, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. Altana Pharma AG, Constance, Germany. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Environm Protect Agcy, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Erpenbeck, VJ (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med, Nikolai Fuchs Str 1A, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. EM erpenbeck@item.fraunhofer.de OI Sommer, Stefanie/0000-0003-1504-6901; Hohlfeld, Jens/0000-0003-2646-6186 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-68072] NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 288 IS 4 BP L692 EP L698 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00362.2004 PG 7 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 904KA UT WOS:000227495300015 PM 15591410 ER PT J AU Blair, A Sandler, DP Tarone, R Lubin, J Thomas, K Hoppin, JA Samanic, C Coble, J Kamel, F Knott, C Dosemeci, M Zahm, SH Lynch, CF Rothman, N Alavanja, MCR AF Blair, A Sandler, DP Tarone, R Lubin, J Thomas, K Hoppin, JA Samanic, C Coble, J Kamel, F Knott, C Dosemeci, M Zahm, SH Lynch, CF Rothman, N Alavanja, MCR TI Mortality among participants in the agricultural health study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE farmers; mortality; pesticides; agriculture; cancer ID PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; INJURY MORTALITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; HEART-DISEASE; IOWA FARMERS; LIFE-STYLE; CANCER; METAANALYSIS; OCCUPATION; WORKERS AB PURPOSE: This analysis of the Agricultural Health Study cohort assesses the mortality experience of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses. METHODS: This report is based on 52,393 private applicators (who are mostly farmers) and 32,345 spouses of farmers in Iowa and North Carolina. At enrollment, each pesticide applicator completed a 2 1 page enrollment questionnaire. Mortality assessment from enrollment (1994-1997) through 2000 provided an average follow-up of about 5.3 years, 447,154 person-years, and 2055 deaths. RESULTS: Compared with the general population in the two states, the cohort experienced a very low mortality rate. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for total mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD, total. cancer, and cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and lung were 0.6 or lower for both farmers and spouses. These deficits varied little by farm size, type of crops or livestock on the farm, years of handling pesticides, holding a non-farm job, or length of follow up. SMRs among ever smokers were not as low as among never smokers, but were still less than 1.0 for all smoking-related causes of death. No statistically significant excesses occurred, but slightly elevated SMRs, or those near 1.0, were noted for diseases that have been associated with farming in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors may contribute to the low mortality observed in this population, including the healthy worker effect typically seen in cohorts of working populations (which may decline in future years), a short follow-up interval, and a healthier lifestyle manifested through lower cigarette use and an occupation that has traditionally required high levels of physical activity. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Blair, A (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Execut Pl N,Room 8118, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM blaira@mail.nih.gov RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015; OI Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 NR 43 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914RZ UT WOS:000228246600006 PM 15780775 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Hudson, LL Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL St Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Pandey, JP AF Parks, CG Cooper, GS Hudson, LL Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL St Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Pandey, JP TI Association of Epstein-Barr virus with systemic lupus erythematosus - Effect modification by race, age, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 genotype SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CTLA-4 GENE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; COSTIMULATORY BLOCKADE; INTERLEUKIN-10 GENE; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; PROMOTER REGION; POLYMORPHISM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION AB Objective. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is hypothesized to play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is important in regulating T cell-mediated immunity, encompassing the first line of response to viral infections, and genetic variation in CTLA-4 has been associated with SLE. This study examined the seroprevalence of EBV in a populationbased study of SLE patients from the southeastern United States, and potential interactions with CTLA-4 polymorphisms were assessed. Methods. Cases comprised 230 subjects recently diagnosed as having SLE (144 African American and 86 white) from university and community-based clinics, and controls comprised 276 age-, sex-, and statematched subjects (72 African American and 204 white) recruited from driver's license registries. Antibodies to EBV capsid antigen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with results expressed as positive or negative using the international standardized ratio (ISR) (a ratio of the sample absorbance to a known standard). CTLA-4 genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Results. In African Americans, EBV-IgA seroprevalence was strongly associated with SLE (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.0-10.6). In whites, the modest association of SLE with EBV-IgA (OR 1.6) was modified by age, in that the strongest association was observed in those older than age 50 years (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.6-10.4). The seroprevalence of EBV-IgM and that of EBV-IgG were not associated with SLE. Higher EBV-IgG absorbance ratios were observed in SLE patients, with a significant dose response across units of the ISR in African Americans (P < 0.0001). Allelic variation in the CTLA-4 gene promoter (-1661A/G) significantly modified the association between SLE and EBV-IgA (P = 0.03), with a stronger association among those with the -1661AA genotype. Conclusion. These findings suggest that repeated or reactivated EBV infection, which results in increased EBV-IgA seroprevalence and higher IgG antibody titers, may be associated with SLE, and that the CTLA-4 genotype influences immune responsiveness to EBV in SLE patients. The observed patterns of effect modification by race, age, and CTLA-4 genotype should be examined in other studies and may help frame new hypotheses regarding the role of EBV in SLE etiology. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Brancl, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth Sci, Morgantown, WV USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Brancl, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdase Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cqp8@cdc.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1159 DI 10.1002/art.20997 PG 12 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 920KQ UT WOS:000228688200020 PM 15818712 ER PT J AU Persily, A Gorfain, J Brunner, G AF Persily, A Gorfain, J Brunner, G TI Ventilation design and performance in US office buildings SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 914NT UT WOS:000228235300004 ER PT J AU Abbott, BD Best, DS Narotsky, MG AF Abbott, BD Best, DS Narotsky, MG TI Teratogenic effects of retinoic acid are modulated in mice lacking expression of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Toxicol DE EGF; TGF; retinoic acid; cleft palate; limb defects ID DETECT PRENATAL EXPOSURE; FACTOR RECEPTOR; TGF-ALPHA; EGF RECEPTOR; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CLEFT-PALATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIMB DEVELOPMENT; ADULT SKELETONS; DOSE-RESPONSE AB BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFu) regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryo. The induction of cleft palate (CP) by all traps-retinoic acid (RA) was associated with altered expression of TGF alpha, EGF receptor, and binding of EGF. This study uses knockout (KO) mice to examine the roles of EGF and TGFa in teratogenic responses of embryos exposed to RA. METHODS: Pregnant wild-type (WT) mice of mixed genetic background, EGF KO, C57BL/6J, and TGFa KO mice were given a single oral dose of RA (100 mg/kg, 10 ml/kg) or corn oil on GD 10 at 12 PM, GD 11 at 12 PM or 4 PM, or GD 12 at 8 AM or 12 PM (plug day = GD 0). GD 18 fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal effects. RESULTS: After exposure to RA on GD 12, the incidence of CP in EGF KO was significantly reduced relative to WT. In TGFu KO fetuses, RA exposure on GD 10 increased the incidence of CP versus C57BL/6J. The incidence of skeletal defects in the limbs, vertebrae, sternebrae, and ribs were also affected by lack of expression of EGF or TGFa with region-specific amelioration or exacerbation of the effects of RA. In TGFu KO fetuses, incidences of forelimb long bone and digit defects increased relative to C57BL/6J. In EGF KO fetuses, relative to WT, the incidence of hindlimb oligodactyly was increased. In EGF KO, but not WT, RA produced short, bent radius, humerus, and ulna. Both TGFa and EGF KO mice had increased incidences of dilation of the renal pelvis and this was reduced by RA. CONCLUSIONS: RA exposure produced skeletal and visceral defects in all genotypes; however, EGF or TGFu KO influenced the incidence and severity of defects. This study supports a role for EGF and TGFa in the response to RA. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 73:204-217, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERI Bldg Room 1425,2525 E Highway 54, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM Abbott.barbara@epa.gov NR 61 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.1002/bdra.20117 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 920OC UT WOS:000228699000002 PM 15799028 ER PT J AU Heppell, SS Crouse, DT Crowder, LB Epperly, SP Gabriel, W Henwood, T Marquez, R Thompson, NB AF Heppell, SS Crouse, DT Crowder, LB Epperly, SP Gabriel, W Henwood, T Marquez, R Thompson, NB TI A population model to estimate recovery time, population size, and management impacts on Kemp's ridley sea turtles SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; demography; population model; population dynamics; management; conservation; survival rates; Mexico ID LEPIDOCHELYS KEMPII; CONSERVATION; GROWTH AB From 1995-99, the National Marine Fisheries Service Turtle Expert Working Group accumulated census information and life history data for the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) with the goal of producing population models to address management and viability questions. This is a summary of the preliminary population models produced by the Group. A 37-year time series of nest numbers exists for this species. Because most vital rates (age-specific survival and growth) are uncertain, several sources of data were used in conjunction with model fitting to estimate parameters for the models. A range of parameter estimates was used to test the sensitivity of model results to uncertainty. A range of models had good fits to the observed number of nests; the best fitting model included 10 years to sexual maturity and an increase in benthic feeding turtle survival after 1990 (corresponding with Turtle Excluder Device regulations that are thought to have reduced mortality of those stages). All models predicted rapid population growth (12-16% per year) assuming that current survival rates remain constant. Decreased egg survival with nest density slowed the population growth rate, but not until after the population reached the management target of 10,000 nesting females. While these results were fairly consistent for alternative ages at first reproduction and survival rates, the different models gave a wide range of population size estimates, preventing the Group from setting incidental catch limits. Refinement of vital rates, particularly survival rates, should reduce this uncertainty in the future. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Dept, Div Endangered Species, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. Interamer Convent Protect & Conservat Marine Turt, Sci Comm, Manzanillo 28217, Colima, Mexico. RP Heppell, SS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Selina.Heppell@oregonstate.edu; debby_crouse@fws.gov; lcrowder@duke.edu; sheryan.epperly@noaa.gov; wendy.gabriel@noaa.gov; terry.henwood@noaa.gov; rmarquez@bay.net.mx; nancy.thompson@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 29 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 767 EP 773 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400004 ER PT J AU Lien, HL Wilkin, RT AF Lien, HL Wilkin, RT TI High-level arsenite removal from groundwater by zero-valent iron SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arsenic; zero-valent iron; groundwater remediation; permeable reactive barriers ID LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; ZEROVALENT IRON; ARSENATE REMOVAL; NATURAL-WATERS; GREEN RUST; REMEDIATION; ARSENIC(III); KINETICS; MEDIA AB The objectives of this study were to conduct batch and column studies to (i) assess the effectiveness of zero-valent iron for arsenic remediation in groundwater, (ii) determine removal mechanisms of arsenic, and (iii) evaluate implications of these processes with regard to the stability of arsenic and long-term remedial performance of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. A high concentration arsenic solution (50 mg l(-1)) was prepared by using sodium arsenite (arsenic (III)) to simulate groundwater at a heavily contaminated Superfund site in the USA. Batch studies indicate that the removal of arsenic is a two-step reaction with fast initial disappearance of arsenite followed by a slow subsequent removal process. Flow-through columns were conducted at a flow rate of 17 ml h(-1) under reducing conditions for 6.6 mo. Kinetic analysis suggested that arsenic removal behaves as a zero-order reaction at high arsenic concentrations. Arsenic removal rate constants decreased with time and arsenic breakthrough was observed in the column study. Arsenic removal capacity of zero-valent iron was determined to be approximately 7.5 mg As/g Fe. Carbonate green rust was identified from the analysis of surface precipitates; arsenite uptake by green rust may be a major mechanism responsible for arsenic remediation by zero-valent iron. Analysis of HCl-extractable arsenic from iron samples indicated that approximately 28% of arsenic was in the form of arsenate suggesting that a surface oxidation process was involved in the arsenic removal with zero-valent iron. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan. US Environm Protect Agcy Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lien, HL (reprint author), Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 700 Kaohsiung Univ Rd, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan. EM lien.sam@nuk.edu.tw NR 38 TC 141 Z9 170 U1 6 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.055 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 919LE UT WOS:000228618700009 PM 15763090 ER PT J AU Hinchey, EK Schaffner, LC AF Hinchey, EK Schaffner, LC TI An evaluation of electrode insertion techniques for measurement of redox potential in estuarine sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE E-h; electrode fouling; oxidation-reduction potential; platinum electrode ID MUD-WATER INTERFACE; BENTHIC METABOLISM; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; LAKE; PROFILES; EH AB Eh measurements by electrodes are commonly used to characterize redox status of sediments in freshwater, marine and estuarine studies, due to the relative ease and rapidity of data collection. In our studies of fine-grained estuarine seabeds, we observed that Eh values measured in intact sediment cores were influenced by different electrode insertion techniques. Sediment Eh measurements generated via lateral insertion of platinum electrodes through silicone-filled ports in acrylic cores were systematically more positive (on the order of 10-100mV) than profiles generated via vertical insertion of platinum electrodes downward through the sediment-water interface of the same cores. A review of the literature indicated that while researchers routinely use both insertion techniques to measure Eh, no discrepancy in output has previously been reported. We discuss the results of three experiments conducted to determine if the discrepancy in output was caused by electrode poisoning by sulfides during the stepwise vertical insertion technique, or was caused by contact of the electrode with the silicone plug during the lateral insertion technique. We conclude that contact between the platinum surface of the electrode and the silicone plug biases the E-h measurements, resulting in erroneously positive E-h values. Insertion of electrodes into sediment through silicone plugs produced E-h values that were an average of 105.6mV (+/- 10.4 SE) more positive than values generated upon electrode insertion directly into sediment. Thus, we recommend against using an insertion technique where the platinum electrode remains in contact with the silicone plug, as this method results in misclassification of sediment redox state and estimated depth of the redoxcline. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol Sci, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hinchey, EK (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM hinchey.elizabeth@epa.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 5 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.029 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923DX UT WOS:000228890400013 PM 15792668 ER PT J AU Gelso, BR Peterson, JM AF Gelso, BR Peterson, JM TI The influence of ethical attitudes on the demand for environmental recreation: incorporating lexicographic preferences SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE environmental ethics; protest bids; use values; lexicographic preferences ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; RESPONDENTS AB This article examines the relationships between different ethical attitudes toward environmental quality and the 'use' values obtained from the environment. In particular, we consider individuals who have duty-based ethical attitudes that lead to lexicographic preferences for environmental quality. We show that individuals with duty-based ethical attitudes have recreation demand functions that are 'kinked,' exhibiting perfectly inelastic behavior over some range of income. However, the kinks cannot be identified from typical cross-sectional data, and to the extent that observed recreation demand for these individuals differs from those with neoclassical preferences, such differences could be captured empirically through a proxy variable that measures ethical attitudes. A more fundamental issue is that changes in welfare for duty-based individuals cannot be determined from their estimated demand function: while an exogenous rise in environmental quality is likely to increase the demand for recreation by these individuals, additional recreation is not the reason for an improvement in well-being. An empirical model to identify the effect of ethical attitudes on recreation is illustrated using survey data on stated preferences for visits to urban parks. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Water, Water Policy Staff, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Gelso, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Water Policy Staff, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM gelso.brett@epa.gov; jpeters@ksu.edu RI Peterson, Jeffrey/A-9335-2008; OI Peterson, Jeffrey M./0000-0002-7893-9443 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.01.021 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 928LX UT WOS:000229274200004 ER PT J AU Grear, JS Schmitz, OJ AF Grear, JS Schmitz, OJ TI Effects of grouping behavior and predators on the spatial distribution of a forest floor arthropod SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation; Collembola; congregation; diffusion; dispersal; Gladicosa; litter; Lycosidae; movement; Orchesella; patch; predator ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FORAGING MODE; COLLEMBOLA; AGGREGATION; RISK; CONSEQUENCES; STRATEGY; HABITAT; PATTERN; INSECT AB Spatial aggregations arising from social behavior or habitat patchiness are common in nature and have important implications for population dynamics, community stability, and conservation. Distinguishing between these behavioral and environmental causes of pattern is of general interest to spatial ecologists and continues to be a key unresolved issue. Despite the importance of this problem, systematic approaches for resolving the underlying mechanisms are not well developed. We demonstrate here the value of a three-tiered systematic approach involving descriptive spatial sampling, individual-based observation and diffusion modeling, and manipulative field experiments. We used this approach to test social- vs. habitat-driven hypotheses explaining spatial aggregation in the collembolan Orchesella hexfasciata. Our results show that aggregation is a gregarious behavior triggered by seasonal increases in soil moisture. Initial field observations suggested that aggregation was habitat driven and associated with soil moisture, but individual-based observations and modeling revealed that Moisture was only a triggering mechanism for socially driven aggregation. This was corroborated in field experiments by testing hypotheses that were motivated by the individual-based analyses. Thus, the three-tiered approach led to a more complete understanding of aggregation than would any single technique. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Grear, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Div Atlantic Ecol, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM grear.jason@epa.gov NR 66 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 4 BP 960 EP 971 DI 10.1890/04-1509 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914YF UT WOS:000228263300015 ER PT J AU Rosal, CG Momplaisir, GM Heithmar, EM AF Rosal, CG Momplaisir, GM Heithmar, EM TI Roxarsone and transformation products in chicken manure: Determination by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE animal feed additive; arsenic speciation; capillary electrophoresis; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; roxarsone ID ICP-MS; ARSENIC SPECIATION; ELEMENTAL SPECIATION; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; POULTRY LITTER; SEPARATION; INTERFACE; SOIL; OPTIMIZATION; NEBULIZER AB The determination of the animal feed additive roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) and six of its possible transformation products (arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate, dimethylarsinate, 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) in chicken manure was investigated using capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS). Initial method development was conducted using ultraviolet (UV) detection for ruggedness and time efficiency. Separation of these seven arsenic species was effected using a 20 mm phosphate buffer at pH 5.7. The CE-ICP-MS limits of detection in terms of As for each of the species was in the low mu g circle L-1 range, corresponding to absolute detection limits in the range 20-70fg As (based on a 23nL injection). Overall, the method developed in this study provides high selectivity and low limits of detection (1-3 mu g circle L-1 or low-ppb, based on As), uses small sample volume (low nL), and produces minimal wastes. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rosal, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Environm Chem Branch, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rosal.charlita@epa.gov NR 27 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 1606 EP 1614 DI 10.1002/elps.200406198 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 921SC UT WOS:000228784000036 PM 15761918 ER PT J AU Hattis, D Goble, R Chu, M AF Hattis, D Goble, R Chu, M TI Age-related differences in susceptibility to carcinogenesis. II. Approaches for application and uncertainty analyses for individual genetically acting carcinogens SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL BIOASSAY DATA; GROWTH-HORMONE; CANCER; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURES; PROFILES; RATS; MICE; SEX AB In an earlier report we developed a quantitative likelihood-based analysis of the differences in sensitivity of rodents to mutagenic carcinogens across three life stages (fetal, birth to weaning, and weaning to 60 days) relative to exposures in adult life. Here we draw implications for assessing human risks for full lifetime exposures, taking into account three types of uncertainties in making projections from the rodent data: uncertainty in the central estimates of the life-stage-specific sensitivity factors estimated earlier, uncertainty from chemical-to-chemical differences in lifestage-specific sensitivities for carcinogenesis, and uncertainty in the mapping of rodent life stages to human ages/exposure periods. Among the uncertainties analyzed, the mapping of rodent life stages to human ages/exposure periods is most important quantitatively (a range of several-fold in estimates of the duration of the human equivalent of the highest sensitivity "birth to weaning" period in rodents). The combined effects of these uncertainties are estimated with Monte Carlo analyses. Overall, the estimated population arithmetic mean risk from lifetime exposures at a constant milligrams per kilogram body weight level to a generic mutagenic carcinogen is about 2.8-fold larger than expected from adult-only exposure with 5-95% confidence limits of 1.5-to 6-fold. The mean estimates for the 0- to 2-year and 2- to 15-year periods are about 35-55% larger than the 10- and 3-fold sensitivity factor adjustments recently proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The present results are based on data for only nine chemicals, including five mutagens. Risk inferences will be altered as data become available for other chemicals. C1 Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hattis, D (reprint author), Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM dhattis@aol.com NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1289/ehp.7564 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900054 PM 15811844 ER PT J AU Hill, BH Blair, R AF Hill, BH Blair, R TI Monitoring the condition of our Nation's streams and rivers: From the mountains to the coasts - Introduction to the proceedings of the 2002 EMAP symposium SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hill, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hill.brian@epamail.epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-0208-9 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910PD UT WOS:000227943100001 ER PT J AU Bolgrien, DW Angradi, TR Schweiger, EW Kelly, JR AF Bolgrien, DW Angradi, TR Schweiger, EW Kelly, JR TI Contemplating the assessment of great river ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environment Monitoring and Assessment Program Symposium CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL Kansas City, MO DE ecological assessment; ecosystem monitoring; ecological indicators; EMAP; Great Rivers ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; MISSOURI RIVER; NORTH-DAKOTA; FLOODPLAIN; DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION; RESOURCES; INTEGRITY; QUALITY; FISHES AB The science and practice of assessing the status and trends of ecological conditions in great rivers have not kept pace with perturbation wrought on these systems. Participants at a symposium sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Council of State Governments concluded that useful and efficient assessments of great river ecosystems require thoughtful alignment of sampling designs, spatial and temporal scales, indicators, management needs, and ecosystem characteristics. Site-specific physical, chemical, and biological data long accumulated by monitoring programs have value but fail to provide the integrated system-wide perspective required for adaptive management and the Clean Water Act. Use of existing data may be limited by methodological incompatibilities, access difficulties, and the exclusive applicability of data to specific habitats or sites. The transition from site-specific to system-wide assessments benefits from research being done by USEPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) and other programs that use probability surveys and biological indicators. Indicators of various taxa (in particular fish, algae, and benthic invertebrates) have been successfully developed for great rivers. However, optimizing the information these ecological indicators convey to managers and the public is the subject of ongoing research. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Denver, CO USA. RP Bolgrien, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Nalt Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM bolgrien.dave@epa.gov NR 65 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-1009-x PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910PD UT WOS:000227943100002 PM 15861984 ER PT J AU Schweiger, EW Bolgrien, DW Angradi, TR Kelly, JR AF Schweiger, EW Bolgrien, DW Angradi, TR Kelly, JR TI Environmental monitoring and assessment of a Great River ecosystem: The Upper Missouri River pilot SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environment Monitoring and Assessment Program Symposium CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL Kansas City, MO DE ecological assessment; EMAP; great rivers; monitoring; Missouri River; survey design ID AQUATIC RESOURCES; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; PROGRAM; MODEL AB Most Great River ecosystems (GREs) are extensively modified and are not receiving adequate protection to prevent further habitat degradation and loss of biotic integrity. In the United States, ecological monitoring and assessment of GREs has lagged behind streams and estuaries, and the management of GREs is hampered by the lack of unbiased data at appropriate spatial scales. Properties of GREs that make them challenging to monitor and assess include difficult sample logistics and high habitat diversity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) has developed a comprehensive, regional-scale, survey-based monitoring approach to assessment of streams and estuaries, but has not yet conducted research on applying these tools to GRE monitoring. In this paper we present an overview of an EMAP research project on the Upper Missouri River (UMR). We summarize the assessment objectives for the study, the design for selecting sample locations, the indicators measured at these sites and the tools used to analyze data. We present an example of the type of statements that can be made with EMAP monitoring data. With modification, the set of methodologies developed by EMAP may be well suited for assessment of GREs in general. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Denver, CO USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Schweiger, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 999 18th St, Denver, CO USA. EM billy_schweiger@nps.gov NR 56 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-1010-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910PD UT WOS:000227943100003 PM 15861985 ER PT J AU Brown, BS Detenbeck, NE Eskin, R AF Brown, BS Detenbeck, NE Eskin, R TI How probability survey data can help integrate 305(b) and 303(d) monitoring and assessment of state waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environment Monitoring and Assessment Program Symposium CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL Kansas City, MO DE Clean Water Act; 305(b); 303(d); EMAP; impaired waters; integrated assessment; monitoring ID UNITED-STATES; INDICATORS AB Section 305(b) of the United States' Clean Water Act (CWA) requires states to assess the overall quality of waters in the states, while Section 303(d) requires states to develop a list of the specific waters in their state not attaining water quality standards (a.k.at impaired waters). An integrated, efficient and cost-effective process is needed to acquire and assess the data needed to meet both these mandates. A subset of presentations at the 2002 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Symposium provided information on how probability data, tools and methods could be used by states and other entities to aid in development of their overall assessment of condition and list of impaired waters. Discussion identified some of the technical and institutional problems that hinder the use of EMAP methods and data in the analysis to identify impaired waters as well as development needs to overcome these problems. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI USA. Maryland Dept Environm, Tech & Regulatory Serv Adm, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Detenbeck, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-6854-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910PD UT WOS:000227943100004 PM 15861986 ER PT J AU Detenbeck, NE Cincotta, D Denver, JM Greenlee, SK Olsen, AR Pitchford, AM AF Detenbeck, NE Cincotta, D Denver, JM Greenlee, SK Olsen, AR Pitchford, AM TI Watershed-based survey designs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environment Monitoring and Assessment Program Symposium CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL Kansas City, MO DE delineation; probability survey designs; watershed classification; watersheds ID UNITED-STATES; RESOURCES; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION AB Watershed-based sampling design and assessment tools help serve the multiple goals for water quality monitoring required under the Clean Water Act, including assessment of regional conditions to meet Section 305(b), identification of impaired water bodies or watersheds to meet Section 303(d), and development of empirical relationships between causes or sources of impairment and biological responses. Creation of GIS databases for hydrography, hydrologically corrected digital elevation models, and hydrologic derivatives such as watershed boundaries and upstream-downstream topology of subcatchments would provide a consistent seamless nationwide framework for these designs. The elements of a watershed-based sample framework can be represented either as a continuous infinite set defined by points along a linear stream network, or as a discrete set of watershed polygons. Watershed-based designs can be developed with existing probabilistic survey methods, including the use of unequal probability weighting, stratification, and two-stage frames for sampling. Case studies for monitoring of Atlantic Coastal Plain streams, West Virginia wadeable streams, and coastal Oregon streams illustrate three different approaches for selecting sites for watershed-based survey designs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, Dover, DE USA. WV Dept Nat Resources, Elkins, WV USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Detenbeck, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910PD UT WOS:000227943100005 PM 15861987 ER PT J AU Magnuson, ML Allgeier, SC Koch, B De Leon, R Hunsinger, R AF Magnuson, ML Allgeier, SC Koch, B De Leon, R Hunsinger, R TI Responding to water contamination threats - Planning ahead is the key to dealing with potential terrorism. SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECURITY C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Water Secur Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Water Qual, Oakland, CA USA. RP Magnuson, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM magnuson.matthew@epamail.epa.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 153A EP 159A DI 10.1021/es053226g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600012 PM 15871218 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Smith, RL AF Kim, KJ Smith, RL TI Systematic procedure for designing processes with multiple environmental objectives SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIOBJECTIVE EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS; REDUCTION WAR ALGORITHM; GENETIC ALGORITHM; WASTE; SELECTION AB Evaluation of multiple objectives is very important in designing environmentally benign processes. It requires a systematic procedure for solving multiobjective decision-making problems due to the complex nature of the problems, the need for complex assessments, and the complicated analysis of multidimensional results. In this paper, a novel systematic procedure is presented for designing processes with multiple environmental objectives. This procedure has four steps: initialization, screening, evaluation, and visualization. The first two steps are used for systematic problem formulation based on mass and energy estimation and order of magnitude analysis. In the third step, an efficient parallel multiobjective steady-state genetic algorithm is applied to design environmentally benign and economically viable processes and to provide more accurate and uniform Pareto optimal solutions. In the last step a new visualization technique for illustrating multiple objectives and their design parameters on the same diagram is developed. Through these integrated steps the decision-maker can easily determine design alternatives with respect to his or her preferences. Most importantly, this technique is independent of the number of objectives and design parameters. As a case study, acetic acid recovery from aqueous waste mixtures is investigated by minimizing eight potential environmental impacts and maximizing total profit. After applying the systematic procedure, the most preferred design alternatives and their design parameters are easily identified. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM smith.raymond@epa.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2394 EP 2405 DI 10.1021/es0490424 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600077 PM 15871282 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Tung, KC Papke, O Staskal, D Birnbaum, L AF Schecter, A Tung, KC Papke, O Staskal, D Birnbaum, L TI Response to comments on "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination of united states food" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DIBENZOFURANS; EXPOSURE; DIOXINS; PBDES; FETAL; PCBS; MILK; MICE C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. ERGO Res, D-22305 Hamburg, Germany. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas Reg Campus, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2415 EP 2416 DI 10.1021/ES058001K PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600080 ER PT J AU Loftin, KA Henny, C Adams, CD Surampali, R Mormile, MR AF Loftin, KA Henny, C Adams, CD Surampali, R Mormile, MR TI Inhibition of microbial metabolism in anaerobic lagoons by selected sulfonamides, tetracyclines, lincomycin, and tylosin tartrate SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; methanogenesis; anaerobic metabolism; anaerobic lagoons; swine ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ORGANIC WASTE; SWINE MANURE; DIGESTION; HYDROGEN; PHARMACEUTICALS; ENVIRONMENT; KINETICS; BACTERIA; HEALTH AB Antibiotics are used to maintain healthy livestock and to promote weight gain in concentrated animal feed operations. Antibiotics rarely are metabolized completely by livestock and, thus, are often present in livestock waste and in waste-treatment lagoons. The introduction of antibiotics into anaerobic lagoons commonly used for swine waste treatment has the potential for negative impacts on lagoon performance, which relies on a consortium of microbes ranging from fermentative microorganisms to methanogens. To address this concern, the effects of eight common veterinary antibiotics on anaerobic activity were studied. Anaerobic microcosms, prepared from freshly collected lagoon slurries, were amended with individual antibiotics at 10 mg/L for the initial screening study and at 1, 5, and 25 mg/L for the dose-response study. Monitored metabolic indicators included hydrogen, methane, and volatile fatty acid concentrations as well as chemical oxygen demand. The selected antibiotics significantly inhibited methane production relative to unamencled controls, thus indicating that antibiotics at concentrations commonly found in swine lagoons can negatively impact anaerobic metabolism. Additionally, historical antibiotic usage seems to be a potential factor in affecting methane production. Specifically, less inhibition of methane production was noted in samples taken from the lagoon with a history of multiple-antibiotic use. C1 Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Adams, CD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM adams@umr.edu RI Astals-Garcia, Sergi/H-2591-2016; OI Astals-Garcia, Sergi/0000-0003-4749-0919; Mormile, Melanie/0000-0001-9054-2687 NR 40 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 782 EP 788 DI 10.1897/04-093R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 909TG UT WOS:000227883000005 PM 15839550 ER PT J AU Tietge, JE Holcombe, GW Flynn, KM Kosian, PA Korte, JJ Anderson, LE Wolf, DC Degitz, SJ AF Tietge, JE Holcombe, GW Flynn, KM Kosian, PA Korte, JJ Anderson, LE Wolf, DC Degitz, SJ TI Metamorphic inhibition of Xenopus laevis by sodium perchlorate: Effects on development and thyroid histology SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; metamorphosis; amphibian; perchlorate; Xenopus ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; GLAND; CONTAMINANT; HORMONE; LARVAE AB The perchlorate anion inhibits thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis via inhibition of the sodium-iodide symporter. It is, therefore, a good model chemical to aid in the development of a bioassay to screen chemicals for affects on thyroid function. Xenopus laevis larvae were exposed to sodium perchlorate during metamorphosis, a period of TH-dependent development, in two experiments. In the first experiment, stage 51 and 54 larvae were exposed for 14 d to 16, 63, 250, 1,000, and 4,000 mu g perchlorate/ L. In the second experiment, stage 51 larvae were exposed throughout metamorphosis to 8, 16, 32. 63, and 125 mu g perchlorate/L. Metamorphic development and thyroid histology were the primary endpoints examined. Metamorphosis was retarded significantly in the first study at concentrations of 250 mu g/L and higher, but histological effects were observed at 16 mu g/L. In the second study, metamorphosis was delayed by 125 mu g/L and thyroid size was increased significantly at 63 mu g/L. These studies demonstrate that inhibition of metamorphosis readily can be detected using an abbreviated protocol. However, thyroid gland effects occur at concentrations below those required to elicit developmental delay, demonstrating the sensitivity of this endpoint and suggesting that thyroidal compensation is sufficient to promote normal development until perchlorate reaches critical concentrations. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tietge, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM tietge.joe@epa.gov NR 25 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 926 EP 933 DI 10.1897/04-105R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 909TG UT WOS:000227883000023 PM 15839568 ER PT J AU Bebenek, A Carver, GT Kadyrov, FA Kissling, GE Drake, JW AF Bebenek, A Carver, GT Kadyrov, FA Kissling, GE Drake, JW TI Processivity clamp gp45 and ssDNA-binding-protein gp32 modulate the fidelity of bacteriophage RB69 DNA polymerase in a sequence-specific manner, sometimes enhancing and sometimes compromising accuracy SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REPLICATION FIDELITY; ACCESSORY PROTEINS; BASE SUBSTITUTION; MUTATIONAL SPECIFICITY; DELETION MUTATIONS; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; DELTA HOLOENZYME; III HOLOENZYME; IN-VITRO AB Numerous studies of the impact of accessory proteins upon the fidelity of DNA synthesis have provided a complex and sometimes discordant picture. We previously described such an analysis conducted in vitro using various bacteriophage RB69 gp43 mutator DNA polymerases with or without the accessory proteins gp32 (which binds single-stranded DNA) plus gp45/44/62 (processivity clamp and its loaders). Mutations were scored at many sites in the lacZ alpha mutation reporter sequence. Unexpectedly, the accessory proteins sometimes decreased and sometimes increased fidelity at a handful of specific sites. Here, we enlarge our analysis with one particular mutator polymerase compromised in both insertion accuracy and proofreading and also extend the analysis to reactions supplemented only with gp32 or only with gp45/44/62. An overall 1.56-fold increase in mutation frequencies was produced by adding single or multiple accessory proteins and was driven mainly by increased T(template)center dot G(primer) mispairs. Evidence was found for many additional sites where the accessory proteins influence fidelity, indicating the generality of the effect. Thus, accessory proteins contribute to the site-specific variability in mutation rates characteristically seen in mutational spectra. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet E3 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. RP Drake, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet E3 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM drake@niehs.nih.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 2005 VL 169 IS 4 BP 1815 EP 1824 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.037630 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 928IA UT WOS:000229263700004 PM 15695359 ER PT J AU Veronesi, B Makwana, O Pooler, M Chen, LC AF Veronesi, B Makwana, O Pooler, M Chen, LC TI Effects of subchronic exposure to concentrated ambient particles: VII. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Apo E-/- mice SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID E-DEFICIENT MICE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NITRIC-OXIDE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; FREE-RADICALS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AB This study reports that subchronic exposure of Tuxedo, NY concentrated ambient particulates (CAPs) produces neuropathological damage in the brains of Apo E-deficient mice (Apo E-/-). These genetically modified mice are characterized by elevated levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the brain. Microscopic examination of coronal sections of the brain, immunocytochemically stained for dopamineric neurons, indicated that neurons from the substantia nigral nucleus compacta were significantly reduced by 29% in CAPs-exposed Apo E-/- mice relative to air-exposed Apo E-/- controls. In addition, statistically significant increases (p < .05) in immunocytochemically stained astrocytes were noted. The dopaminergic neurons of the nucleus compacta are specifically targeted in Parkinson's disease. The present study expands the systems affected by particulate matter to include the brain, and supports an environmental role for the development of neurodegeneration in OS-susceptible individuals. C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Toxicol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NYU, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Neurotoxicol Div, Mail Drop 74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bellina@epamail.epa.gov RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012 NR 77 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4-5 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1080/08958370590912888 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 908IA UT WOS:000227779500007 PM 15804941 ER PT J AU Steevens, JA Reiss, MR Pawlisz, AV AF Steevens, Jeffery A. Reiss, Mark R. Pawlisz, Andrew V. TI A Methodology for Deriving Tissue Residue Benchmarks for Aquatic Biota: A Case Study for Fish Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and Equivalents SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tissue residue benchmarks; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; Toxicity equivalent quotient; Species sensitivity distributions AB Tissue residue-based toxicity benchmarks (TRBs) have typically been developed using the results of individual studies selected from the literature. In the past, TRBs have been developed using a point estimate (e.g., LC50 value) reported in a study on a single species deemed to be most closely related to the receptor of interest. Despite attempts to maximize the protectiveness and relevance of TRBs, their relationship to specific receptors remains uncertain, and their general applicability for use in broader ecological risk assessment contexts is limited. This article proposes a novel framework that establishes benchmarks as distributions rather than single-point estimates. Benchmark distributions allow the user to select a tissue concentration that is associated with the protection of a specific percentage of organisms, rather than linked to a specific receptor. A methodology is proposed for searching, reviewing, and analyzing linked, tissue residue effect data to derive benchmark distributions. The approach is demonstrated for contaminants having a dioxin-like mechanism of toxic action and is based on residue effects data for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and equivalents in early life stage fish. The calculated tissue residue benchmarks for 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalency (TEQ) derived from the resulting distribution could range from 0.057- to 0.699-ng TCDD/g lipid depending on the level of protection needed; the lower estimate is protective of 99% of fish species whereas the higher end is protective of 90% of fish species. C1 [Steevens, Jeffery A.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn,CEERD EP R, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Reiss, Mark R.] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Pawlisz, Andrew V.] Cadmus Grp, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Steevens, JA (reprint author), US Army, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn,CEERD EP R, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jeffery.a.steevens@erdc.usace.army.mil FU USEPA, Region 2; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York district FX The authors would like to thank Tala Henry and Phil Cook for their technical advice in the development of technical concepts and review of an early draft of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided, in part, by USEPA, Region 2, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Dredging Operations Technical Support (program manager, Doug Clarke), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York district. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-014.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WN UT WOS:000209711600006 PM 16639896 ER PT J AU Van Larebeke, NA Birnbaum, LS Boogaerts, MA Bracke, M Davis, DL Demarini, DM Hooper, K Huff, J Kleinjans, JC Legator, MS Schoeters, G Vahakangas, K AF Van Larebeke, NA Birnbaum, LS Boogaerts, MA Bracke, M Davis, DL Demarini, DM Hooper, K Huff, J Kleinjans, JC Legator, MS Schoeters, G Vahakangas, K TI Unrecognized or potential risk factors for childhood cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE childhood cancer; epidemiology; low-dose effects; exposure; sensitivity; environmental factors; polymorphisms ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPOSURE; POLYMORPHISMS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOMARKERS; CHILDREN; HEALTH; AGENDA; CELLS AB Epidemiologic methods only seldom identify causes of childhood cancer associated with relative risks below a factor of 1(1)/(2) -2. Children are at risk of exposure to over 15,000 high-production-volume chemicals and are certainly exposed to many carcinogens. The individual impacts of most of these agents are too small to be detected, but collectively these Unrecognized factors are potentially important. Infants and children are exposed to higher levels of some environmental toxicants and may also be more sensitive. During intrauterine development and childhood, cells divide frequently, and the mutant frequency rises rapidly. Endocrine-related cancers or susceptibility to cancer may result from developmental exposures rather than from exposures existing at or near the time of diagnosis. That environmental exposures may be important causes of childhood cancers is indicated by associations of enzyme polymorphisms with risk. C1 State Univ Ghent, Study Ctr Carcinogenesis & Primary Prevent Canc, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Hematol, Louvain, Belgium. State Univ Ghent, Expt Cancerol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Sch, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Hazardous Mat Lab, Dept Toxic Subst Control, Cal EPA, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Van Larebeke, NA (reprint author), Universitary Hosp 3K3, Study Ctr Carcinogenesis & Primary Prevent Canc, 3k3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM nico-las.vanlarebeke@ugent.be RI Kleinjans, Jos/E-7241-2015 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921OX UT WOS:000228775200010 PM 15875896 ER PT J AU Breilh, J Branco, JC Castleman, BI Cherniack, M Christianti, DC Cicolella, A Cifuentes, E Clapp, R Cole, DC Corn, M De Ben, S Diaz, R Egilman, D Finkelstein, Y Franco, G Frank, AL Friedman, L Gassert, TH Gochfeld, M Greenberg, M Hansen, ES Hay, A Hogstedt, C Huff, J Joshi, TK Kriebel, D Laborde, A LaDou, J Levenstein, C Levin, SM Loewenson, R Mikheev, M Montenegro, R Naidoo, M Ozonoff, D Partanen, T Pendito, RI Povey, G Richter, ED Robbins, A Correa, HR Rosenman, KD Samuels, SW Santana, VS Schwartz, BS Siqueira, CE Soskolne, CL Spiegel, J Stephens, C Tajik, M Takaro, TK Teitelbaum, DT Tickner, JA Tomatis, L Victoria, C Waltner-Toews, D Wedeen, RP Wegman, DH Wesseling, C Wing, S Yassi, A AF Breilh, J Branco, JC Castleman, BI Cherniack, M Christianti, DC Cicolella, A Cifuentes, E Clapp, R Cole, DC Corn, M De Ben, S Diaz, R Egilman, D Finkelstein, Y Franco, G Frank, AL Friedman, L Gassert, TH Gochfeld, M Greenberg, M Hansen, ES Hay, A Hogstedt, C Huff, J Joshi, TK Kriebel, D Laborde, A LaDou, J Levenstein, C Levin, SM Loewenson, R Mikheev, M Montenegro, R Naidoo, M Ozonoff, D Partanen, T Pendito, RI Povey, G Richter, ED Robbins, A Correa, HR Rosenman, KD Samuels, SW Santana, VS Schwartz, BS Siqueira, CE Soskolne, CL Spiegel, J Stephens, C Tajik, M Takaro, TK Teitelbaum, DT Tickner, JA Tomatis, L Victoria, C Waltner-Toews, D Wedeen, RP Wegman, DH Wesseling, C Wing, S Yassi, A TI Texaco and its consultants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID AMAZON BASIN; OIL-FIELDS; CANCER INCIDENCE; ECUADOR C1 Hlth Res & Advisory Ctr, Quito, Ecuador. Assoc Occupat Dis & Prevent, Santos, Brazil. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. French Natl Inst Environm Risks, Verneuil En Halatte, France. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay. Colombian Safety Council, Bogota, Colombia. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Shaare Zedek Mem Hosp, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Modena, Sch Med, Occupat Hlth Unit, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, New Delhi, India. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Hlth & Environm, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Med Acad Postgrad Studies, Dept Occupat Hlth, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Breilh, J (reprint author), Hlth Res & Advisory Ctr, Quito, Ecuador. RI Santana, Vilma/E-8086-2015; Correa-Filho, Heleno/K-6733-2012 OI Correa-Filho, Heleno/0000-0001-8056-8824 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921OX UT WOS:000228775200017 PM 15875903 ER PT J AU Gardner, M Spruill-McCombs, M Beach, J Michael, L Thomas, K Helburn, RS AF Gardner, M Spruill-McCombs, M Beach, J Michael, L Thomas, K Helburn, RS TI Quantification of 2,4-D on solid-phase exposure sampling media by LC-MS-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIC-NEUTRAL PESTICIDES; PARTICLE-BEAM INTERFACE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRINKING-WATER; METABOLITES; SURFACE; LC/MS C1 Pace Univ, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, New York, NY 10038 USA. RTI Int, Analyt & Chem Sci Unit, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Helburn, RS (reprint author), Pace Univ, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, New York, NY 10038 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 916DQ UT WOS:000228366000007 PM 15842762 ER PT J AU Watanabe, M Adams, RM Wu, JJ Bolte, JP Cox, MM Johnson, SL Liss, WJ Boggess, WG Ebersole, JL AF Watanabe, M Adams, RM Wu, JJ Bolte, JP Cox, MM Johnson, SL Liss, WJ Boggess, WG Ebersole, JL TI Toward efficient riparian restoration: integrating economic, physical, and biological models SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation targeting; spatially explicit models; water temperature; watersheds ID STREAM TEMPERATURE SIMULATION; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; WATER TEMPERATURE; WILD UNGULATE; STEELHEAD; SALMON; ALLOCATION; CALIFORNIA; RECOVERY; WILLOWS AB This paper integrates economic, biological, and physical models to explore the efficient combination and spatial allocation of conservation efforts to protect water quality and increase salmonid populations in the Grande Ronde basin, Oregon. We focus on the effects of shade on water temperatures and the subsequent impacts on endangered juvenile salmonid populations. The integrated modeling system consists of a physical model that links riparian conditions and hydrological characteristics to water temperature; a biological model that links water temperature and riparian conditions to salmonid abundance, and an economic model that incorporates both physical and biological models to estimate minimum cost allocations of conservation efforts. Our findings indicate that conservation alternatives such as passive and active riparian restoration, the width of riparian restoration zones, and the types of vegetation used in restoration activities should be selected based on the spatial distribution of riparian characteristics in the basin. The relative effectiveness of passive and active restoration plays an important role in determining the efficient allocations of conservation efforts. The time frame considered in the restoration efforts and the magnitude of desired temperature reductions also affect the efficient combinations of restoration activities. If the objective of conservation efforts is to maximize fish populations, then fishery benefits should be directly targeted. Targeting other criterion such as water temperatures would result in different allocations of conservation efforts, and therefore are not generally efficient. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Int Dev Ctr Japan, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350047, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USFS, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Oncol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wu, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 200A Ballard Extens Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM junjie.wu@oregonstate.edu RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009; Wu, Junjie/C-4885-2013 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915OL UT WOS:000228313500001 PM 15763152 ER PT J AU Smuleac, V Butterfield, DA Sikdar, SK Varma, RS Bhattacharyya, D AF Smuleac, V Butterfield, DA Sikdar, SK Varma, RS Bhattacharyya, D TI Polythiol-functionalized alumina membranes for mercury capture SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polypeptide; water treatment; immobilization; microfiltration; ligands; sorbent; silane ID MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES; SURFACE MODIFICATION; METAL SORPTION; ADSORPTION; SILICA; ADSORBENT AB Various materials (particles, resins, etc.) for Hg2+, sorption from aqueous streams have been reported in literature. Conventional sorbents are relatively inefficient because only a fraction of the immobilized ligands are accessible for metal complexation. Thus, our approach was to use open structures (0.2 mu m pore size alumina microfiltration membranes), immobilized with various ligands containing single or multiple thiol functional groups. Alumina has good chemical and thermal stability and abundant surface hydroxyl groups, necessary for chemical modification. Convective flow was used for all functionalization steps and Hg2+, sorption studies. Only 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane has been immobilized by direct silylation; the other ligands (cystine, cysteine, polycysteine, polyglutamic acid) required intermediate steps. Thus, via silylation with 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane the membrane surface was functionalized with epoxy groups, which then reacted with the terminal amine group of each of the 4 ligands mentioned previously. In the case of polyglutamic acid, the carboxylic acid groups were activated with dihexylcarbodiimide and further reacted with cysteine, making it possible to synthesize a polythiol containing 240 repeat units. Hg2+ sorption studies on single thiol-functionalized membranes were used to analyze the interaction between Hg2+ and various functional groups. In addition, it was determined that Hg2+ bound to weak sites (disulfide, carboxylic acid) can be quantitatively removed by washing the membrane with water at pH = 3, making it possible to quantify the amount bound to the active sites (thiol). Polythiol-functionalized membranes showed high sorption capacities, high site accessibility, and fast sorption rates. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 177 Anderson Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM db@engr.uky.edu NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.11.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 915LJ UT WOS:000228305400019 ER PT J AU Dean, TR Roop, B Betancourt, D Menetrez, MY AF Dean, TR Roop, B Betancourt, D Menetrez, MY TI A simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification of four environmentally relevant fungal contaminants SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE multiplex PCR; Stachybotrys chartarum; fungal identification; filamentous fungi; mold ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; AIRBORNE FUNGI; PCR; INDOOR; MOLD; DUST; BUILDINGS; OUTDOOR; INFANT AB Historically, identification of filamentous fungal (mold) species has been based on morphological characteristics, both macroscopic and microscopic. These methods may often be time-consuming and inaccurate, necessitating the development of identification protocols that are rapid, sensitive, and precise. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has shown great promise in its ability to identify and quantify individual organisms from a mixed culture environment; however, the cost effectiveness of single organism PCR reactions is quickly becoming an issue. Our laboratory has developed a simple method to identify multiple fungal species, Stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium purpurogenum, and Cladosporium spp. by performing multiplex PCR and distinguishing the different reaction products by their mobility during agarose gel electrophoresis. The amplified genes include the beta-Tubulin gene from A. versicolor, the Tri5 gene from S. chartarum, and ribosomal sequences from both P purpurogenum and Cladosporium spp. This method was found to be both rapid and easy to perform, while maintaining high sensitivity and specificity for characterizing isolates, even from a mixed culture. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dean, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dean.timothy@epa.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.10.015 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 897PH UT WOS:000227016600002 PM 15676191 ER PT J AU Kinyamu, HK Chen, J Archer, TK AF Kinyamu, HK Chen, J Archer, TK TI Linking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to chromatin remodeling/modification by nuclear receptors SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; HUMAN ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; HUMAN PROGESTERONE-RECEPTORS; STEROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR; DNA-REPAIR ENZYME; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; HISTONE H3; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; COP9 SIGNALOSOME AB Over 25 years ago, eukaryotic cells were shown to contain a highly specific system for the selective degradation of short-lived proteins, this system is known as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent modification by a small highly conserved protein named ubiquitin. Ubiquitin-mediated degradation of regulatory proteins plays an important role in numerous cell processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Recent experiments have shown that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is also involved in nuclear hormone receptor (NR)-mediated transcriptional regulation. The idea that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in NR-mediated transcription is strengthened by experiments showing that ubiquitin-proteasome components are recruited to NR target gene promoters. However, it is not clear how these components modulate NR-mediated chromatin remodeling and gene expression. In this review, we postulate the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on NR-mediated chromatin remodeling and gene regulation based on the current knowledge from studies implicating the pathway in chromatin structure modifications that are applicable to NR function. Since evidence from this laboratory, using the glucocorticoid receptor responsive mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter organized as chromatin, suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome system may be involved in the elongation phase of transcription, we particularly concentrate on chromatin modifications associated with the elongation phase. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromat & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromat & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov NR 190 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1677/jme.1.01680 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 918XV UT WOS:000228583800002 PM 15821097 ER PT J AU Liu, D Zhang, Z Teng, CT AF Liu, D Zhang, Z Teng, CT TI Estrogen-related receptor-gamma and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha regulate estrogen-related receptor-alpha gene expression via a conserved multi-hormone response element SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; HUMAN LACTOFERRIN GENE; ERR-ALPHA; ALLOSTERIC MODULATION; PROMOTER; BETA; BINDING; LIGAND; PGC-1 AB The expression of estrogen-related receptor-a (ERR alpha) is stimulated by estrogen in selective tissues. Recently, a correlation between ERR alpha. expression and the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha. (PGC-1 alpha) in the liver of fasting animals and in cold-stressed brown-fat tissues and skeletal muscle was shown. To explore the molecular mechanisms of ERR alpha regulation by diverse signals, the promoter of the human ERR alpha. gene was cloned and characterized. Mutation and deletion analyses revealed that a 53 bp region containing repeated core element AGGTCA motifs of the ERRa gene serves as a multi-hormone response element (MHRE) for several nuclear receptors in transient co-transfection studies of human endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1B) cells. Among the nuclear receptors tested, ERR gamma bound to and robustly stimulated the transcription of reporters containing at least two AGGTCA motifs. Ectopic expression of PGC-1 alpha in HEC-1B cells strongly activated the reporter containing the MHRE, presumably via the endogenous nuclear receptor binding to the element. Reducing the endogenous level of ERR gamma by small interfering RNA, and increasing the ERR gamma level by ectopic expression, substantially decreased and increased respectively the transactivation capability of PGC-1 alpha. The activation function 2 domain of the ERR gamma and the L2 and L3 motifs of PGC-1 alpha were essential to transactivate the MHRE. Additionally, PGG-1 alpha increases the amount of endogenous ERR gamma bound to the MHRE region as determined by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The present study demonstrates that the MHRE of the ERR alpha. gene is a target for ERR gamma transactivation, which is enhanced by PGC-1 alpha. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Teng, CT (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM teng@niehs.nih.gov NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 473 EP 487 DI 10.1677/jme.1.01586 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 918XV UT WOS:000228583800016 PM 15821111 ER PT J AU d'Hellencourt, CL Harry, GJ AF d'Hellencourt, CL Harry, GJ TI Molecular profiles of mRNA levels in laser capture microdissected murine hippocampal regions differentially responsive to TMT-induced cell death SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microglia; hippocampus; trimethyltin ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; NEURONAL SURVIVAL; TRIMETHYLTIN INTOXICATION; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS; GLIAL-CELLS AB Using a chemical-induced model of dentate granule (DG) cell death, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify gene profiles from the laser-captured microdissected (LCM) hippocampal DG cell region versus the CA pyramidal cell layer ( CA) from 21-day-old male CD1 mice injected with trimethyltin hydroxide (TMT; 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.). At 6 h post-TMT, lectin + microglia displaying a reactive morphology were in contact with active caspase 3+ neurons. By 18 h, amoeboid microglia and signs of phagocytosis, and a mild astrocytic response were present in the DG. There was no evidence of IgG extravasation in the hippocampus, or cell death and glial reactivity in the CA. Atlas 1.2K Clontech array detected 115 genes changed in the hippocampus with TMT and included genes associated with immediate-early responses, calcium homeostasis, cellular signaling, cell cycle, immunomodulation and DNA repair. Early responses localized to LCM DG samples consisted of elevations in inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and receptors, as well as MIP1 alpha, CD14, CD18, and a decrease in factors associated with calcium buffering. By 18 h, in the DG, changes occurred in transcripts associated with apoptosis, cell adhesion, DNA repair, cell proliferation and growth. In the CA, a differential level of elevation was seen in CD86 antigen, zinc finger protein 38 and DNA damage inducible transcript 3. A significant number of genes was decreased at these early time points in both hippocampal regions. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurotoxicol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH,Natl Inst Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurotoxicol Grp, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH,Natl Inst Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD C104, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM harry@niehs.nih.gov NR 63 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 93 IS 1 BP 206 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.03017.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 904XZ UT WOS:000227533200021 ER PT J AU Tryoen-Toth, P Decaillot, FM Filliol, D Befort, K Lazarus, LH Schiller, PW Schmidhammer, H Kieffer, BL AF Tryoen-Toth, P Decaillot, FM Filliol, D Befort, K Lazarus, LH Schiller, PW Schmidhammer, H Kieffer, BL TI Inverse agonism and neutral antagonism at wild-type and constitutively active mutant delta opioid receptors SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; ACTIVATION; BINDING; PEPTIDES; LIGAND; POTENT; TIPP; MU; 14-ALKOXYMORPHINANS AB The delta opioid receptor modulates nociceptive and emotional behaviors. This receptor has been shown to exhibit measurable spontaneous activity. Progress in understanding the biological relevance of this activity has been slow, partly due to limited characterization of compounds with intrinsic negative activity. Here, we have used constitutively active mutant (CAM) delta receptors in two different functional assays, guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate binding and a reporter gene assay, to test potential inverse agonism of 15 delta opioid compounds, originally described as antagonists. These include the classical antagonists naloxone, naltrindole, 7-benzylidene-naltrexone, and naltriben, a new set of naltrindole derivatives, H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH (TIPP) and H-Tyr-Tic Psi[CH2N]Cha-Phe-OH[TICP(Psi)], as well as three 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (Dmt-Tic) peptides. A reference agonist, SNC 80 [(+)-4-[(alpha)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide], and inverse agonist, ICI 174864 (N,N-diallyl-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu), were also included. In a screen using wild-type and CAM M262T delta receptors, naltrindole (NTI) and close derivatives were mostly inactive, and TIPP behaved as an agonist, whereas Dmt-Tic-OH and N,N(CH3)(2)-Dmt-Tic-NH2 showed inverse agonism. The two latter compounds showed negative activity across 27 CAM receptors, suggesting that this activity was independent from the activation mechanism. These two compounds also exhibited nanomolar potencies in dose-response experiments performed on wild-type, M262T, Y308H, and C328R CAM receptors. TICP(Psi) exhibited strong inverse agonism at the Y308H receptor. We conclude that the stable N,N(CH3)(2)-Dmt-Tic-NH2 compound represents a useful tool to explore the spontaneous activity of delta receptors, and NTI and novel derivatives behave as neutral antagonists. C1 Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Biol Chem, New York, NY 10029 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Anal, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Clin Res Inst Montreal, Lab Chem Biol & Peptide Res, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Kieffer, BL (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries,BP 1042, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM briki@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA05010, P50 DA005010] NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD APR PY 2005 VL 313 IS 1 BP 410 EP 421 DI 10.1124/jpet.104.077321 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 907QM UT WOS:000227733000048 PM 15590769 ER PT J AU Leblond, JD Dahmen, JL Seipelt, RL Elrod-Erickson, MJ Kincaid, R Howard, JC Evens, TJ Chapman, PJ AF Leblond, JD Dahmen, JL Seipelt, RL Elrod-Erickson, MJ Kincaid, R Howard, JC Evens, TJ Chapman, PJ TI Lipid composition of chlorarachniophytes (Chlorarachniophyceae) from the genera Bigelowiella, Gymnochlora, and Lotharella SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorarachniophyte; Chlorarachniophyceae; fatty acid; green algae; lipid; sterol ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROALGA PORPHYRIDIUM-CRUENTUM; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; STEROL COMPOSITION; GREEN-ALGAE; CHLORELLA VULGARIS; DOUBLE-BONDS; SP-NOV; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The Chlorarachniophyceae are unicellular eukaryotic algae characterized by an amoeboid morphology that may be the result of secondary endosymbiosis of a green alga by a nonphotosynthetic amoeba or amoeboflagellate. Whereas much is known about the phylogeny of chlorarachniophytes, little is known about their physiology, particularly that of their lipids. In an initial effort to characterize the lipids of this algal class, four organisms from three genera were examined for their fatty acid and sterol composition. Fatty acids from lipid fractions containing chloroplast-associated glycolipids, storage triglycerides, and cytoplasmic membrane-associated polar lipids were characterized. Glycolipid-associated fatty acids were of limited composition, principally eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and hexadecanoic acid (16:0). Triglyceride-associated fatty acids, although minor, were found to be similar in composition. The polar lipid fraction was dominated by lipids that did not contain phosphorus and had a more variable fatty acid composition with 16:0 and docosapentaenoic acid [22:5(n-3)] dominant along with a number of minor C-18 and C-20 fatty acids. Crinosterol and one of the epimeric pair poriferasterol/stigmasterol were the sole sterols. Several genes required for synthesis of these sterols were computationally identified in Bigelowiella natans Moestrup. One sterol biosynthesis gene showed the greatest similarity to SMT1 of the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, homologues to other species, mostly green plant species, were also found. Further, the method used for identification suggested that the sequences were transferred to a genetic compartment other than the likely original location, the nucleomorph nucleus. C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Chem, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Leblond, JD (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM jleblond@mtsu.edu NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04082.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 909KS UT WOS:000227859400009 ER PT J AU Bastian, R AF Bastian, R TI Major developments in biosolids management in the US during 2004 SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bastian, R (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 1148 ELIZABETH AVENUE #2, LANCASTER, PA 17601 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 038KQ UT WOS:000237218900001 ER PT J AU Hulzebos, E Walker, JD Gerner, I Schlegel, K AF Hulzebos, E Walker, JD Gerner, I Schlegel, K TI Use of structural alerts to develop rules for identifying chemical substances with skin irritation or skin corrosion potential SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE structural alerts; skin irritation; skin corrosion ID DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORKS; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; TESTING STRATEGIES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; SUPPORT-SYSTEM; EFFICIENT USE; QSARS AB In this paper structural alerts for acute skin lesions were categorized as irritation or corrosion or a combination of corrosion/irritation alerts. Categorizing the alerts according to their mechanisms of skin irritation and corrosion and connecting them with physicochemical property limits characterizing their domain of applicability provides strategies to save test animals and costs. These alerts can be used for positive classification of chemicals causing skin irritation or skin corrosion according to EU and OECD guidelines. This paper is the third in the series of four papers describing practical, user-friendly and mechanism-based approaches for predicting when chemicals are likely to irritate or corrode the skin. In the first paper the mechanisms of skin irritation and corrosion were described. In the second paper the physicochemical property limit values for chemicals not causing skin irritation and corrosion were given. In the third paper, described here, structural alerts associated with chemicals causing skin irritation and corrosion were identified and characterized. In the fourth paper, the Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET) was described that allows users to classify chemicals as either not causing skin irritation and corrosion based on physicochemical property limit values or irritating or corrosive to the skin based on structural alerts. C1 RIVM, Ctr Substances & Risk, Bilthoven, Netherlands. US EPA, TSCA Interagcy Testing Committee, Off Pollut Prevent & Toxics, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Dept Assessment Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Hulzebos, E (reprint author), RIVM, Ctr Substances & Risk, Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM Etje.Hulzebos@rivm.nl NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 332 EP 342 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430905 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 923ZH UT WOS:000228947600002 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Gerner, I Hulzebos, E Schlegel, K AF Walker, JD Gerner, I Hulzebos, E Schlegel, K TI The Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET) SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE skin irritation; skin corrosion; physicochemical properties; structural alerts ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; TESTING STRATEGIES; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; PHENOLS; PREDICTION; CHEMICALS; ESTERS; MODEL; BASES AB This paper describes the Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET) that was developed to allow others to estimate whether their chemicals are likely to cause skin irritation or skin corrosion. SICRET uses physicochemical property limits to identify chemicals with no skin corrosion or skin irritation potential. If a chemical's physicochemical properties do not meet the prescribed limits to identify chemicals with no skin corrosion or skin irritation potential, then the chemical's structural alerts are used to identify chemicals with skin corrosion or skin irritation potential. If a chemical does not contain structural alerts that indicate it has skin corrosion or skin irritation potential, then in vitro skin corrosion or skin irritation testing is conducted. If the in vitro skin corrosion or skin irritation testing is positive, then the data are included in feedback loops for development of new structural alerts to identify chemicals with skin corrosion or skin irritation potential. If in vitro testing for skin corrosion or skin irritation is negative then the data are included in feedback loops for development of new physicochemical property limits to identify chemicals with no skin corrosion or skin irritation potential. The use of in-vitro tests was proposed as a safety net to identify either new structural alerts for chemicals with skin corrosion or skin irritation potential or new physicochemical property limits for chemicals with no skin corrosion or skin irritation potential. In summary, SICRET is a "tiered approach" that uses physicochemical property limits, structural alerts and in-vitro tests to classify chemicals that cause skin irritation or skin corrosion without further animal testing. C1 US EPA, Off Polut Prevent & Toxics, TSCA Interagcy Testing Committee, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Fed Inst Risk Assessmnet, Dept Assessment Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subtances & Risk, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Polut Prevent & Toxics, TSCA Interagcy Testing Committee, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM walker.johnd@epa.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1002/qsar.200430906 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 923ZH UT WOS:000228947600006 ER PT J AU Zhu, YL Wessel, MR Liu, TB Moser, VC AF Zhu, YL Wessel, MR Liu, TB Moser, VC TI Analyses of neurobehavioral screening data: Dose-time-response modeling of continuous outcomes SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistical Challenges in Environmental Health Problems CY SEP, 2001 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN DE dose-time-response; functional observational battery; neurobehavioral toxicity; risk assessment; inter-subject variation; random effects ID TIN DISTRIBUTION; TRIETHYLTIN; ADULT; COMPONENTS; EXPOSURE; TISSUES AB Neurotoxic effects are a non-cancer endpoint for health risk, and neurobehavioral screening tests can serve as a first tier investigation of neurotoxicity [US EPA, Federal Register 63 (1998) 26926]. Analysis of neurobehavioral screening data such as those of the functional observational battery (FOB) traditionally relies on analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA is designed to detect whether there are dose-effects, but does not model the underlying dose-response relationship and subsequent risk assessment fails to utilize the shape of the underlying dose-response. In contrast, dose-response modeling interpolates toxic effects between experimental points, and permits prediction of toxic effects within the experimental range. Additionally it is also a prerequisite for estimating a benchmark dose. This paper discusses dose-time-response modeling of longitudinal neurotoxicity data and illustrates the methods using three continuous FOB outcomes from an EPA study involving acute exposure to triethyltin (TET). Several mathematical functions are presented as candidate dose-time-response models. The use of random effects is discussed to characterize inter-subject variation. The results indicate that it is feasible to use simple mathematical functions to model empirical dose-time-response observed in existing longitudinal neurotoxicological data. Further research is needed on the types of design and data required to reliably approximate the true underlying dose-time-response. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhu, YL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM yzhu@hsc.usf.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 240 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.12.005 PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 908GU UT WOS:000227776300006 PM 15748798 ER PT J AU Ben-Aharon, I Brown, PR Etkovitz, N Eddy, EM Shalgi, R AF Ben-Aharon, I Brown, PR Etkovitz, N Eddy, EM Shalgi, R TI The expression of calpain 1 and calpain 2 in spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa of the mouse SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEASE; PROTO-ONCOGENE PRODUCT; ACROSOME REACTION; SPERM CAPACITATION; MU-CALPAIN; RAT TESTIS; CALPASTATIN; INVOLVEMENT; PROTEINS; SYSTEM AB There is some evidence suggesting that Ca2+ is involved in processes that occur during the development and function of spermatozoa. Calcium-dependent proteins, such as calmodulin, are expressed during mammalian spermatogenesis further suggesting that Ca2+ takes part in its regulation. However, the precise roles of Ca2+ in spermatogenesis remain to be elucidated. Calpains are a family of Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases whose members are expressed ubiquitously or in a tissue-specific manner. Calpain has been demonstrated to mediate specific Ca2+-dependent processes including cell fusion, mitosis and meiosis. We herein followed the expression pattern of calpain's ubiquitous isoforms, 1 and 2, throughout spermatogenesis at the RNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Both RNA and protein studies revealed that these isoforms are expressed in all spermatogenic cells. The expression of calpain 1 levels is slightly higher in spermatocytes entering the meiotic phase. Both calpain isoforms are also expressed in mouse spermatozoa and are localized to the acrosomal cap. Inducing capacitated spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction in the presence of a selective calpain inhibitor significantly reduced the acrosome reaction rate in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, calpain, a pluripotential protease with numerous substrates, may serve as an effector in more than one pathway in the complex process of spermatogenesis and in the events preceding fertilization, such as the acrosome reaction. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gamete Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Shalgi, R (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM shalgir@post.tau.ac.il NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD APR PY 2005 VL 129 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1530/rep.1.00255 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 921RD UT WOS:000228781400006 PM 15798018 ER PT J AU Wilkes, CR Mason, AD Hern, SC AF Wilkes, CR Mason, AD Hern, SC TI Probability distributions for showering and bathing water-use behavior for various US subpopulations SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Activity patterns; baths; NHAPS; REUWS; showers; water use AB It has been shown that bathroom-type water uses dominate personal exposure to water-borne contaminants in the home. Therefore, in assessing exposure of specific population groups to the contaminants in the water, understanding population water-use behavior for bathroom activities as a function of demographic characteristics is vital to realistic exposure estimates. In this article, shower and bath frequencies and durations are analyzed, presented, and compared for various demographic groups derived from analyses of the National Human Activities Pattern Survey (NHAPS) database and the Residential End Uses of Water Study (REUWS) database as well as from a review of current literature. Analysis showed that age and level of education significantly influenced shower and bath frequency and duration. The frequency of showering and bathing reported in NHAPS agreed reasonably well with previous studies; however, durations of these events were found to be significantly longer. Showering frequency reported in REUWS was slightly less than that reported for NHAPS; however, durations of showers reported in REUWS are consistent with other studies. After considering the strengths and weaknesses of each data set and comparing their results to previous studies, it is concluded that NHAPS provides more reliable frequency data, while REUWS provides more reliable duration data. The shower- and bath-use behavior parameters recommended in this article can aid modelers in appropriately specifying water-use behavior as a function of demographic group in order to conduct reasonable assessments of exposure to contaminants that enter the home via the water supply. C1 Wilkes Technol Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US EPA, Exposure & Dose Res Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wilkes, CR (reprint author), Wilkes Technol Inc, 10126 Parkwood Terrace, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM c.wilkes@wilkestech.com NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 317 EP 337 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 922UY UT WOS:000228866600009 PM 15876207 ER PT J AU Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Boyes, WK AF Benignus, VA Bushnell, PJ Boyes, WK TI Toward cost-benefit analysis of acute behavioral effects of toluene in humans SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Behavioral effects; choice reaction time; cost-benefit analysis; ethanol; toluene ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; ALCOHOL-INTOXICATION; SIGNAL-DETECTION; XENOPUS OOCYTES; ION CHANNELS; PERFORMANCE; RECEPTORS; ETHANOL; GLYCINE; ANESTHESIA AB There is increasing interest in being able to express the consequences of exposure to potentially toxic compounds in monetary terms in order to evaluate potential cost-benefit relationships of controlling exposure. Behavioral effects of acute toluene exposure could be subjected to cost-benefit analysis if the effects of toluene were quantitatively compared to those of ethanol ingestion, which has been monetized for applied contexts. Behavioral effects of toluene and ethanol were quantified by meta-analysis of studies from the peer-reviewed literature describing their effects on choice reaction time (reaction time in a test requiring a subject to choose among two or more alternatives before responding). The internal doses of these compounds were estimated by a general physiological and toxicokinetic (GPAT) simulation from exposure parameters provided in the reports. The reported effects were converted to a common metric (proportion of baseline) and related to the estimated internal doses of toluene and ethanol, from which dose-effect equations were fitted. The estimated effect of toluene was compared to the estimated effect of ethanol on the same dependent variable by deriving a dose-equivalence equation (DEE) to express the dose of toluene as an equivalent dose of ethanol on the basis of equal effect magnitude. A nomogram was constructed by GPAT simulation to relate the environmental exposure concentration of toluene to the equivalent effect magnitude of a range of ethanol internal doses. Behavioral effects and their evaluation are determined by internal doses, which in turn are determined by a variety of variables. In addition to concentration and duration of exposure, which determine internal dose by pharmacokinetic processes, the activity level of exposed persons is a major factor. This analysis provides a continuous function of the consequences of toluene exposure expressed as ethanol-equivalent doses within confidence limits. The resulting function has the potential to estimate the monetary values of behavioral deficits caused by a range of exposures to toluene from existing monetized information on ethanol. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Benignus, VA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Human Studies Div, Mail Code B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM benignus.vernon@epa.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 447 EP 456 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 922UY UT WOS:000228866600018 PM 15876216 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ DeVito, MJ Birnbaum, LS AF Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ DeVito, MJ Birnbaum, LS TI Inhibition of human and rat CYP1A2 by TCDD and dioxin-like chemicals SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CYP1A2; dioxins; TCDD; PCDD; TCDF; 4-PeCDF; PCBs 126, 169, 105, 118, and 156 ID ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; HEPATIC SEQUESTRATION; HUMAN TISSUE; AH RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME-P450 1A1; UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; LIVER-MICROSOMES; RISK ASSESSMENT AB Dioxins have been shown to bind and induce rodent CYP1A2, producing a dose-dependent hepatic sequestration in vivo. The induction of CYP1A2 activity has been used as a noninvasive biomarker for human exposure to dioxins; while there is a consistent relationship between exposure and hepatic CYP1A2 induction in rodents, this relationship has only been observed in some of the highest exposed human populations. This may be explained by inhibition of CYP1A2 activity by dioxins as some rodent studies demonstrate that rodent CYP1A2 activity can in fact be inhibited by dioxins in vitro. CYP1A2 activity was examined using a series of dioxins to inhibit human and rat CYP1A2 activity in species-specific CYP1A2 SUPERSOMES using three common CYP1A2 substrates. Methoxyresorufin was a more efficient substrate than acetanalide or caffeine in this in vitro system. Rat and human CYP1A2 enzymatic activity is inhibited by TCDD, PCDD, TCDF, 4-PeCDF, and PCBs 126, 169, 105, 118, and 156 in a concentration-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that the in vitro metabolism of prototype substrates is similar between the rat and human CYP1A2 SUPERSOME preparations and that dioxins inhibit CYP1A2 activity in both species. Because of the potential for inhibition of CYP1A2 activity by TCDD and other dioxins, studies examining CYP1A2 induction in dioxin-exposed populations using these substrates should be viewed cautiously. C1 US EPA, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), US EPA, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM staskal.daniele@epa.gov NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi090 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 911AQ UT WOS:000227973900004 PM 15659567 ER PT J AU Chung, YJ Coates, NH Viana, ME Copeland, L Vesper, SJ Selgrade, MK Ward, MDW AF Chung, YJ Coates, NH Viana, ME Copeland, L Vesper, SJ Selgrade, MK Ward, MDW TI Dose-dependent allergic responses to an extract of Penicillium chrysogenum in BALB/c mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Penicillium chrysogenum; allergy; asthma; respiratory exposure; mouse model ID PROTEASE MAJOR ALLERGEN; BIOPESTICIDE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; ASTHMA; MODEL; PREVALENCE AB Indoor mold has been associated with the development of allergic asthma. Penicillium chrysogenum, a common indoor mold, is known to have several allergens and can induce allergic responses in a mouse model of allergic penicilliosis. Our hypothesis is that soluble components of P. chrysogenum (PCE) can dose-dependently induce responses typical of allergic asthma in BALB/c mice. Mice were exposed to 10, 20, 50, or 70 mu g of PCE by involuntary aspiration four times over a 4-week period. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected before (day 0), and at days 1 and 3 following the final exposure. PCE-exposed mice demonstrated dose-dependent increases in: BALF total cell numbers including eosinophil, serum and BALF total IgE levels, BALF IL-5 levels, and increased severity of histopathologic lesions. A single exposure to the highest dose of PCE resulted in edema and cellular damage but not immune responses. Four exposures to Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (10 mu g, positive control) resulted in equivalent or greater allergic asthma-like responses than those demonstrated by multiple exposures to 50 or 70 mu g of PCE. Multiple exposures to 70 mu g of PCE showed increased allergen-triggered immediate respiratory responses as well as nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as assessed by barometric whole-body plethysmography. Taken together, repeated pulmonary challenge with P. chrysogenum extract induced dose-dependent allergic asthma-like responses in mice. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dynamac Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Chung, YJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM chung.yongjoo@epa.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 1 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.12.010 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 904ON UT WOS:000227507700008 PM 15725516 ER PT J AU Parkhurst, DF Brenner, KP Dufour, AP Wymer, LJ AF Parkhurst, DF Brenner, KP Dufour, AP Wymer, LJ TI Indicator bacteria at five swimming beaches - analysis using random forests SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE random forests; tree regression; swimming beaches; indicator bacteria ID RISK AB "Random forests," an extension of tree regression, provide a relatively new technique for exploring relationships of a response variable like the density of indicator bacteria in water to numerous potential explanatory variables. We used this tool to study relationships of indicator density at five beaches to numerous other variables and found that day of the week, indicator density 24 h earlier, water depth at the sampling point, cloud cover, and others were related to density at one or more of the beaches. Using data from the first 52 days of measurement allowed predicting indicator densities in the following 10 days to order of magnitude at some of the beaches. Our analyses served to demonstrate the potential usefulness of this analytic tool for large data sets with many variables. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Environm Sci Res Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Parkhurst, DF (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Environm Sci Res Ctr, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM parkhurs@indiana.edu NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1354 EP 1360 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 929MY UT WOS:000229351400016 PM 15862335 ER PT J AU Gift, JS AF Gift, JS TI US EPA's IRIS assessment of 2-butoxyethanol: the relationship of noncancer to cancer effects SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Scientific Symposium on the Health Effects of Glycol Ethers CY OCT 17-18, 2002 CL Paris, FRANCE SP CEFIC, Oxygenated Solvents Producers Assoc, Amer Chem Council, Ethylene & Propylene Glyco Ethers Panel DE 2-butoxyethanol; EGBE ID GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER; PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETICS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BUTOXYACETIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; MAJOR METABOLITE; B6C3F(1) MICE; IRON OVERLOAD; RAT AB U.S. EPA's integrated risk information system (IRIS) assessment of 2-butoxyethanol (EGBE) indicates that the human carcinogenic potential of EGBE cannot be determined at this time, but that "suggestive evidence" for cancer exists from laboratory animal studies (hemangiosarcoma of the liver in male mice and forestomach squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma in female mice [National Toxicology Program (NTP), 2000a. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2-butoxyethanol (CAS no. 111-76-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series No. 484. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC]). Since the last EGBE IRIS assessment. a number of studies have provided evidence that the carcinogenic effects observed in mice are nonlinear in their mode of action and may be dependent on threshold events such as EGBE-induced hemolytic effects. EPA is in the process of considering several questions relating to this issue. First,can a plausible mode of action be determined for the two types of tumors observed in mice? Second, are the mechanisms involved applicable to humans? If so, should the mode of action be considered to result in a linear or nonlinear dose-response? These questions will be addressed within the context of the agency's new cancer guidelines and with regard to how the answers might affect a revised IRIS assessment for EGBE. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gift, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MD-B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gift.jeff@epa.gov NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 156 IS 1 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.08.014 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 901ZX UT WOS:000227322000015 PM 15705494 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Strontium as an efficient promoter for supported palladium hydrogenation catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE supported palladium catalysts; strontium promotion; sequential and simultaneous impregnation; phenol hydrogenation ID PD/SIO2 CATALYSTS; REDUCTION; METHANOL; PHENOL; NO; CO; CYCLOHEXANONE; COMBUSTION; LA2O3; GAS AB The effect of strontium promotion is studied for a series of supported palladium catalysts such as Pd/zeolite-beta, Pd/Al2O3, Pd/SiO2, Pd/ hydrotalcite and Pd/MgO. Strontium is found to be an effective promoter for enhancing the metal area, percentage dispersion of the metal and therefore the hydrogenation activity of the different supported palladium catalysts with varying acid/base properties. The effect of addition of Sr and Pd onto the support by simultaneous and sequential impregnation methods is studied besides the effect of Sr/Pd ratio. It is revealed that when sequential addition of Sr and Pd by impregnation is advantageous for alumina, silica, magnesia and hydrotalcite supported palladium catalysts, simultaneous impregnation of Sr and Pd is found to be more effective for zeolite-beta supported catalyst. This may be attributed to the microporous nature of the zeolite support that could cause the migration of Sr to its micropores thereby making them non-available for the promotional effect if added first. Addition of strontium is also found to enhance the basicity of the supported palladium catalysts. TPR studies suggest a change in the metal environment upon Sr-promotion indicating an electronic effect responsible for the improvement in the hydrogen adsorption capacity and hydrogenation activity. The promotional effect of Sr on the supported palladium catalysts is explained to be both electronic and physical in nature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, NRMRL, Clean Proc Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, Clean Proc Branch, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.apcat.2004.11.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909IN UT WOS:000227853700005 ER PT J AU Jetter, JJ Whitfield, C AF Jetter, JJ Whitfield, C TI Effectiveness of expedient sheltering in place in a residence SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE shelter in place; expedient; residence; protection factor AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of expedient sheltering in place in a residence for protection against airborne hazards, as outlined in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) guidance to the public. An improved method was developed to determine the air flow rate for a shelter inside a house. Expedient sheltering measures (plastic sheeting and duct tape) were applied to a room inside a test house by participants who followed the DHS guidance. Measured air flow rates were used to determine protection factors for various scenarios. Protection factors were calculated for the house and shelter under various occupancy times, weather conditions, and outdoor exposure times for hazardous agents. Protection factors ranged from 1.3 to 539, depending on the conditions. Results indicate that proper sealing can make a substantial difference in the effectiveness of the shelter. Sheltering in place can be most beneficial if people enter shelters before the arrival of a cloud of hazardous agent, and people exit shelters as soon as the cloud passes over. However, sheltering in place can be detrimental if people enter or exit shelters too late. CO2 and O-2 concentrations inside the shelter are not likely to reach dangerous levels under most scenarios, but concentrations could reach dangerous levels under certain conditions, and concentration levels could affect individuals with respiratory problems. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Arcadis G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Jetter, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Mail Drop E305-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jetter.jim@epa.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 119 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.11.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911HO UT WOS:000227993400005 PM 15752846 ER PT J AU Orlando, JJ Tyndall, GS Betterton, EA Lowry, J Lowry, J AF Orlando, JJ Tyndall, GS Betterton, EA Lowry, J Lowry, J TI Atmospheric chemistry of hydrazoic acid (HN3): UV absorption spectrum, HO center dot reaction rate, and reactions of the center dot N-3 radical SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; NH RADICALS; 313 NM; PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; PRODUCT CHANNEL; NCO+NO REACTION; HYDROGEN AZIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; PHOTOLYSIS AB Processes related to the tropospheric lifetime and fate of hydrazoic acid, HN3, have been studied. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of HN3 is shown to possess a maximum near 262 nm with a tail extending to at least 360 nm. The photolysis quantum yield for HN3 is shown to be approximate to 1 at 351 nm. Using the measured spectrum and assuming unity quantum yield throughout the actinic region, a diurnally averaged photolysis lifetime near the earth's surface of 2-3 days is estimated. Using a relative rate method, the rate coefficient for reaction of HO center dot, with HN3 was found to be (3.9 +/- 0.8) X 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), substantially larger than the only previous measurement. The atmospheric HN3 lifetime with respect to HO. oxidation is thus about 2-3 days, assuming a diurnally averaged [HOcenter dot] of 106 molecule cm(-3). Reactions of center dot N-3, the product of the reaction of HOcenter dot with HN3, were studied in an environmental chamber using an FTIR spectrometer for end-product analysis. The center dot N-3 radical reacts efficiently with NO, producing N2O with 100% yield. Reaction of center dot N-3 with NO2 appears to generate both NO and N2O, although the rate coefficient for this reaction is slower than that for reaction with NO. No evidence for reaction of center dot N-3 with CO was observed, in contrast to previous literature data. Reaction of center dot N-3 with O-2 was found to be extremely slow, k < 6 x 10(-20) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), although this upper limit does not necessarily rule out its occurrence in the atmosphere. Finally, the rate coefficient for reaction of Cl-center dot with HN3 was measured using a relative rate method, k = (1.0 +/- 0.2) X 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Orlando, JJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM orlando@acd.ucar.edu NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1632 EP 1640 DI 10.1021/es048178z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300039 PM 15819219 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Williams, R AF Wallace, L Williams, R TI Use of personal-indoor-outdoor sulfur concentrations to estimate the infiltration factor and outdoor exposure factor for individual homes and persons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY PTEAM; AMBIENT FINE PARTICLES; AIR CHANGE RATES; OCCUPIED TOWNHOUSE; COARSE PARTICLES; DEPOSITION RATES; PM EXPOSURE; BALTIMORE; MASS AB A study of personal, indoor, and outdoor exposure to PM2.5 and associated elements has been carried out for 37 residents of the Research Triangle Park area in North Carolina. Participants were selected from persons expected to be at elevated risk from exposure to particles, and included 29 persons with hypertension and 8 cardiac patients with implanted defibrillators. Participants were monitored for 7 consecutive days in each of four seasons. One goal of the study was to estimate the contribution of outdoor PM2.5 to indoor concentrations. This depends on the infiltration factor F-inf, the fraction of outdoor PM2.5 remaining airborne after penetrating indoors. After confirming with our measurements the findings of previous studies that sulfur has few indoor sources, we estimated an average F-inf for each house based on indoor/outdoor sulfur ratios. These estimates ranged from 0.26 to 0.87, with a median value of 0.55. Since these estimates apply only to particles of size similar to that of sulfur particles (0.06-0.5 mu m diameter), and since larger particles (0.5-2.5 mu m) have lower penetration rates and higher deposition rates, these estimates are likely to be higher than the true infiltration factors for PM2.5 as a whole. In summer when air conditioners were in use, the sulfur-based infiltration factor was at its lowest (averaging 0.50) for most homes, whereas the average F-inf for the other three seasons was 0.62-0.63, Using the daily estimated infiltration factor for each house,we calculated the contribution of outdoor PM2.5 to indoor air concentrations. The indoor-gene rated contributions to indoor PM2.5 had a wider range (0-33 mu g/m(3)) than the outdoor contributions (5-22 mu g/m(3)). However, outdoor contributions exceeded the indoor-generated contributions in 27 of 36 homes. A second goal of the study was to determine the contribution of outdoor particles to personal exposure. This is determined by the "outdoor exposure factor" F-pex, the fraction of outdoor PM2.5 contributing to personal exposure. As with F-inf, we estimated F-pex by the personal/outdoor sulfur ratios. The estimates ranged from 0.33 to 0.77 with a median value of 0.53. Outdoor air particles were less important for personal exposures than for indoor concentrations, with the median outdoor contribution to personal exposure just 49%. We regressed the outdoor contributions to personal exposures on measured outdoor PM2.5 at the central site. The regressions had R-2 values ranging from 0.19 to 0.88 (median = 0.73). These values provide an indication of the extent of misclassification error in epidemiological estimates of the effect of outdoor particles on health. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wallace, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wallace.lance@epa.gov OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 52 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1707 EP 1714 DI 10.1021/es049547u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300048 PM 15819228 ER PT J AU Kadiiska, MB Gladen, BC Baird, DD Germolec, D Graham, LB Parker, CE Nyska, A Wachsman, JT Ames, BN Basu, S Brot, N FitzGerald, GA Floyd, RA George, M Heinecke, JW Hatch, GE Hensley, K Lawson, JA Marnett, LJ Morrow, JD Murray, DM Plastaras, J Roberts, LJ Rokach, J Shigenaga, MK Sohal, RS Sun, J Tice, RR Van Thiel, DH Wellner, D Walter, PB Tomer, KB Mason, RP Barrett, JC AF Kadiiska, MB Gladen, BC Baird, DD Germolec, D Graham, LB Parker, CE Nyska, A Wachsman, JT Ames, BN Basu, S Brot, N FitzGerald, GA Floyd, RA George, M Heinecke, JW Hatch, GE Hensley, K Lawson, JA Marnett, LJ Morrow, JD Murray, DM Plastaras, J Roberts, LJ Rokach, J Shigenaga, MK Sohal, RS Sun, J Tice, RR Van Thiel, DH Wellner, D Walter, PB Tomer, KB Mason, RP Barrett, JC TI Biomarkers of oxidative stress study II. Are oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA markers of CCl4 poisoning? SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CCl4; rat; plasma; urine; lipid hydroperoxides; TBARS; MDA; isoprostanes; protein carbonyls; methionine sulfoxidation; tyrosine products; 8-OhdG; M(1)G; DNA strand breaks; free radicals ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THIOBARBITURIC ACID-REACTIVITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FREE-RADICAL DAMAGE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; IN-VIVO; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACIDS; METHIONINE SULFOXIDE; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS AB Oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the blood, plasma, and urine of rats were measured as part of a comprehensive, multilaboratory validation study searching for noninvasive biomarkers of oxidative stress. This article is the second report of the nationwide Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Study using acute CCl4 poisoning as a rodent model for oxidative stress. The time-dependent (2, 7, and 16 h) and dose-dependent (120 and 1200 mg/kg ip) effects Of CCl4 on concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, TBARS, malondialdehyde (MDA), isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, methionine sulfoxidation, tyrosine products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguano sine (8-OHdG), leukocyte DNA-MDA adducts, and DNA-strand breaks were investigated to determine whether the oxidative effects Of CCl4 would result in increased generation of these oxidation products. Plasma concentrations of MDA and isoprostanes (both measured by GG MS) and urinary concentrations of isoprostanes (measured with an immunoassay or LC/MS/MS) were increased in both low-dose and high-dose CCl4-treated rats at more than one time point. The other urinary markers (MDA and 8-OHdG) showed significant elevations with treatment Under three of the four conditions tested. It is concluded that measurements of MDA and isoprostanes in plasma and urine as well as 8-OHdG ill Urine are potential candidates for general biomarkers of oxidative stress. All other products were not changed by CCl4 or showed fewer significant effects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIEHS, US Dept HHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Uppsala Univ, Fac Med, SE-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Hosp Special Surg, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Expt Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. OXIS Int Inc, Portland, OR 97217 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Toxicol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kadiiska, MB (reprint author), NIEHS, US Dept HHS, NIH, POB 12233,MD F0-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Kadiiska@niehs.nih.gov RI Walter, Patrick/A-4117-2011; FitzGerald, Garret/A-4222-2010; Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 NR 78 TC 396 Z9 409 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 6 BP 698 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.017 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 904MN UT WOS:000227502500002 PM 15721980 ER PT J AU Martin, S Zhu, C Rule, J Nuhfer, NT Ford, R Hedges, S Soong, Y AF Martin, S Zhu, C Rule, J Nuhfer, NT Ford, R Hedges, S Soong, Y TI A high-resolution TEM-AEM, pH titration, and modeling study of Zn2+ coprecipitation with ferrihydrite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS ZN(II) SORPTION; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; HYDROUS OXIDES; COPPER SORPTION; IRON-OXIDE; COMPLEXATION; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; GOETHITES; CHEMISTRY AB Experiments of Zn2+ and Fe3+ coprecipitation as a function of pH were conducted in the laboratory at ambient temperature and pressure. X-ray diffraction patterns of the coprecipitates show two broad peaks at 0.149 and 0.258 nm, which is consistent with published patterns for pure 2-line ferrihydrite. Zn2+ uptake occurred at pH >= 5 while Fe3+ precipitation occurred between pH 3 and 4, although both Zn2+ and Fe3+ were present in the same solution during the entire range of pH titration. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the coprecipitates are 2 to 6 nm sized single crystalline particles but aggregated to 50 to 400 mn sized clusters. Analytical electron microscopy indicated that the 5% atomic Zn with respect to Fe was homogeneously distributed. No segregated phases were found in the clusters or at single crystal edges, which is consistent with published extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results at similar Zn/(Zn + Fe) ratios. Hence, occlusion and surface precipitation may be excluded as possible coprecipitation mechanisms. The bulk solution Zn2+ sorption edge was fitted to both solid solution and generalized diffuse layer surface complexation models. However, a solid solution model is inconsistent with published EXAFS results that show tetrahedral polydentate Zn2+ complexes sharing apices with Fe3+ octahedra. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Zhu, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM chenzhu@indiana.edu RI Zhu, Chen/A-5356-2010 OI Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1553 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.032 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913CC UT WOS:000228126900013 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD TI Studies on adsorption of 2-chlorobiphenyl on sediments and sediment components SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM agarwash@email.uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 110-ENVR BP U844 EP U844 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706109 ER PT J AU Chanon, KE AF Chanon, KE TI Reducing risks from the insecticide Lindane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chanon.keith@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 013-ENVR BP U828 EP U828 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706013 ER PT J AU Cleverly, DH AF Cleverly, DH TI Inventory of combustion emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in the United States. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cleverly.david@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 136-FUEL BP U872 EP U872 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706268 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ AF Davis, MJ TI Research strategy for nanomaterials risk assessment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM davis.jmichael@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 002-IEC BP U909 EP U909 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706446 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR TI Electrochemical dechlorinattion of 2-chlorobiphenyl in aoueous solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Fang.James@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 111-ENVR BP U844 EP U844 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706110 ER PT J AU French, RA Engler, RE Farris, CA Williamson, TC AF French, RA Engler, RE Farris, CA Williamson, TC TI Interactive web activity illustrating the costs and benefits of incorporating green technologies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Green Chem Program, Eco Intern, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 065-CHED BP U352 EP U352 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177702091 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, B TI Progress in nanotechnology and the environment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM karn.barbara@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 001-IEC BP U909 EP U909 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706445 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Huffman, GL AF Lee, CC Huffman, GL TI Fuel cells - An environmentally benign energy technology of the future. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lee.chun@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 115-IEC BP U927 EP U927 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706557 ER PT J AU Loux, NT Hassan, SM Chafin, CR AF Loux, NT Hassan, SM Chafin, CR TI Empirical partitioning models for Pb and Cd using data from thirteen soils, sediments and aquifer materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Environ Protect Agcy, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 067-ENVR BP U837 EP U837 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706067 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Bhave, PV Prather, KA AF Qin, XY Bhave, PV Prather, KA TI ATOFMS single particle measurements and quantification. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM xqin@ucsd.edu RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 226-ANYL BP U126 EP U126 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700559 ER PT J AU Robarge, W AF Robarge, W TI Monitoring atmospheric chemistry in an agricultural region using annular denuder technology. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM wayne_robarge@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 087-AGRO BP U81 EP U81 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700310 ER PT J AU Savage, NF AF Savage, NF TI Non-governmental organizations panel: A look at the environmental, human health and societal aspects of nanotechnology. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, NCER, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM savage.nora@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 003-IEC BP U909 EP U909 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706447 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Kim, YJ AF Varma, RS Kim, YJ TI Imidazolium-based indium(III) tetrahalides: Recyclable catalysts for efficient coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; Kim.Yong-jin@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 877-ORGN BP U570 EP U570 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066602388 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Ju, YH AF Varma, RS Ju, YH TI Efficient aqueous N-heterocyclization of aniline derivatives: Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-aryl azacycloalkanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; Ju.Yuhong@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 016-ORGN BP U326 EP U326 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066601121 ER PT J AU Walker, J AF Walker, J TI Determining ammonia dry deposition near a swine facility using low-cost passive samplers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 089-AGRO BP U82 EP U82 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700312 ER PT J AU Winters, D Wong, A AF Winters, D Wong, A TI Development of a North American Regional Action plan for Dioxins, Furans and Hexachlorobenzene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM winters.dwain@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 014-ENVR BP U828 EP U828 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706014 ER PT J AU Zubkoff, PL AF Zubkoff, PL TI Natural products as biopesticides: Botanical oils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Siv 7511C, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 112-AGRO BP U86 EP U86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700335 ER PT J AU Grissom, SF Lobenhofer, EK Tucker, CJ AF Grissom, SF Lobenhofer, EK Tucker, CJ TI A qualitative assessment of direct-labeled cDNA products prior to microarray analysis SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; RNA AB Background: The success of the microarray process in determining differential gene expression of thousands of genes is dependent upon the quality and integrity of the starting RNA, this being particularly true of direct labeling via a reverse transcription procedure. Furthermore, an RNA of reasonable quality still may not yield reliable hybridization data if the labeling efficiency was poor. Results: Here we present a novel assay for assessing the quality of directly labeled fluorescent cDNA prior to microarray hybridization utilizing the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, which employs microfluidic technology for the analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. Using varying amounts of RNase to simulate RNA degradation, we show the strength of this un-advertised assay in determining the relative amounts of cDNA obtained from a direct labeling reaction. Conclusion: Utilization of this method in the lab will help to prevent the costly mistake of hybridizing poor quality direct labeled products to expensive arrays. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Intramural Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gene Regulat Grp, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Icoria Inc, Paradigm Array Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tucker, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Intramural Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM grissom2@niehs.nih.gov; elobenhofer@icoria.com; tucker1@niehs.nih.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 36 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-36 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 913OY UT WOS:000228163900001 PM 15762992 ER PT J AU Truglio, JJ Rhau, B Croteau, DL Wang, LQ Skorvaga, M Karakas, E DellaVecchia, MJ Wang, H Van Houten, B Kisker, C AF Truglio, JJ Rhau, B Croteau, DL Wang, LQ Skorvaga, M Karakas, E DellaVecchia, MJ Wang, H Van Houten, B Kisker, C TI Structural insights into the first incision reaction during nucleotide excision repair SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE crystallography; DNA damage; DNA repair; nucleotide excision repair; UvrC ID DNA-POLYMERASE-I; C-TERMINAL REGION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELICASE-II; (A)BC EXCINUCLEASE; CATALYTIC SITE; THYMINE DIMERS; ACTIVE-SITE; PROTEIN; UVRB AB Nucleotide excision repair is a highly conserved DNA repair mechanism present in all kingdoms of life. The incision reaction is a critical step for damage removal and is accomplished by the UvrC protein in eubacteria. No structural information is so far available for the 30 incision reaction. Here we report the crystal structure of the N-terminal catalytic domain of UvrC at 1.5 Angstrom resolution, which catalyzes the 30 incision reaction and shares homology with the catalytic domain of the GIY-YIG family of intron-encoded homing endonucleases. The structure reveals a patch of highly conserved residues surrounding a catalytic magnesium-water cluster, suggesting that the metal binding site is an essential feature of UvrC and all GIY-YIG endonuclease domains. Structural and biochemical data strongly suggest that the N-terminal endonuclease domain of UvrC utilizes a novel one-metal mechanism to cleave the phosphodiester bond. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Canc Res Inst, Dept Mol Genet, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Kisker, C (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM kisker@pharm.sunysb.edu RI Wang, Hong/F-3164-2014 OI Wang, Hong/0000-0003-0165-3559 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM070873, R01 GM070873] NR 49 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 885 EP 894 DI 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600568 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 904JZ UT WOS:000227495100002 PM 15692561 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Preston, RJ AF DeMarini, DM Preston, RJ TI Smoking while pregnant - Transplacental mutagenesis of the fetus by tobacco smoke SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HPRT MUTANT LYMPHOCYTES; COTININE LEVELS; FREQUENCIES; EXPOSURE; NEWBORNS; MOTHERS; GENOTOXICITY; HEMOGLOBIN; ABERRATION; CARCINOGEN C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 10 BP 1264 EP 1265 DI 10.1001/jama.293.10.1264 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904LB UT WOS:000227498400028 PM 15755950 ER PT J AU Melamed, D AF Melamed, D TI Monitoring arsenic in the environment: a review of science and technologies with the potential for field measurements SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE anodic stripping voltammetry; arsenic; arsenate; arsenite; arsenomolybdate; bioassay; capillary electrophoresis; colorimetric; microcantilever; organoarsenic; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ARSINE GENERATION; DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER; SPECIATION; GROUNDWATER AB This review examines available field assays and other technologies with the potential to measure and monitor arsenic in the environment. The strengths and weaknesses of the various assays are discussed with respect to their sensitivity, ability to detect the chemical states of arsenic, performance in various media, potential interferences, and ease of operation. The state of the science and development efforts of selected technologies is presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Technol Innovat Off Solid Waste & Emergency Respo, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Melamed, D (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM dan.melamed@em.doe.gov NR 83 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 532 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.047 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 905KO UT WOS:000227567200001 ER PT J AU Greytak, SR Champlin, D Callard, GV AF Greytak, SR Champlin, D Callard, GV TI Isolation and characterization of two cytochrome P450 aromatase forms in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): Differential expression in fish from polluted and unpolluted environments SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatase; cyp19; cyp1A1; PCBs; killifish; New Bedford Harbor Superfund site; molecular markers; endocrine disruption; reproduction ID VITELLOGENIN MESSENGER-RNA; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BRAIN AROMATASE; IN-VITRO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN-TREATED RATS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ADRENAL STEROIDOGENESIS; HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR AB Populations of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) persist in many different highly polluted environment indicative of adaptation or tolerance. In this study, we sought to determine whether long term, multigenerational exposures to environmental contaminants has affected reproductively relevant genes and biological processes. A homology cloning strategy was used to isolate the killifish cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom, estrogen synthetase) cDNAs. Consistent with previous fish studies, killifish were found to have two P450arom forms, which segregated into A- and B-gene clades and were differentially expressed in brain (B much greater thanA) and ovary (A much greater than B). Comparison of killifish from highly polluted (New Bedford Harbor, NBH) and unpolluted (Scorton Creek, SC) environments revealed no site-related differences in P450arom coding sequences or in overall tissue distribution patterns. As measured by real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) analysis, however, P450arormB (a known marker of estrogen effect) was approximately two-fold higher in the brain of NBH than of SC fish, a difference seen in reproductively active and inactive males and females. Providing further evidence of exposure to estrogen-like pollutants or metabolites in NBH, vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA and protein were elevated in seasonally active and inactive males, and in reproductively inactive females, when compared to SC fish. By contrast, during the period of reproductive activity, NBH females had a lower gonadosomatic index, lower plasma estrogen, a decreased hepatosomatic index, and reduced vtg expression as compared to SC females, indicating that the female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-liver axis is impaired in the polluted environment. As measured by a decrease in plasma androgen (but not GSI), the male HPG axis was impaired in reproductively active NBH versus SC fish. In agreement with reports that NBH killifish are resistant to dioxin-like chemicals (DLC) that activate arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling, ovarian P450aromA (a marker of dioxin-like effect in zebrafish embryos) did not differ in SC and NBH fish. In conclusion, the killifish population at the NBH Superfund site maintains a level of reproductive competence in the face of evidence of exposure to estrogen-like pollutants and endocrine disruption. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Callard, GV (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM gvc@bu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES07381] NR 70 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 371 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.12.007 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 903EW UT WOS:000227409400007 PM 15710484 ER PT J AU Awumey, EM Putney, JW Howlett, AC Bukoski, RD AF Awumey, EM Putney, JW Howlett, AC Bukoski, RD TI Desensitization of the sensory nerve Ca2+-sensing receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells is mediated by protein kinase C SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, JLC Biomed Biotechnol Res Inst, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A524 EP A525 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610703501 ER PT J AU DeLozier, TC Lee, SC Coulter, SJ Cher, GB Goldstein, JA AF DeLozier, TC Lee, SC Coulter, SJ Cher, GB Goldstein, JA TI Catalytic activity of recently discovered allelic variants of CYP2C9 occurring in southeast Asians SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, Singapore 119074, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, Singapore 119074, Singapore. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A541 EP A541 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610703577 ER PT J AU Jayachandran, M Karnicki, K Miller, RS Owen, WG Korach, KS Miller, VM AF Jayachandran, M Karnicki, K Miller, RS Owen, WG Korach, KS Miller, VM TI Integrity of estrogen receptor beta affects platelet response to immunological challenge SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A699 EP A699 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610705054 ER PT J AU Mack, CM Becker, PB Gordon, CJ AF Mack, CM Becker, PB Gordon, CJ TI Application of a multi-analyte profile to assess organophosphate induction of pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic proteins in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A944 EP A944 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610706536 ER PT J AU Shieh, JJ Lin, CY AF Shieh, JJ Lin, CY TI Identification of novel splicing variants of the human Na+/Pi co-transporter 4 in human kidney SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A150 EP A150 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610701053 ER PT J AU Long, RW Modey, WK Smith, PS Smith, R Merrill, C Pratt, J Stubbs, A Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Malm, WC Wilson, WE AF Long, RW Modey, WK Smith, PS Smith, R Merrill, C Pratt, J Stubbs, A Eatough, NL Eatough, DJ Malm, WC Wilson, WE TI One- and three-hour PM2.5 characterization, speciation, and source apportionment using continuous and integrated samplers SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICLES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; MASS AB Ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) are significant components of fine particles in many urban atmospheres. These components, however, are not properly measured by current EPA accepted methods, such as the R&P TEOM monitor, due to loss of semivolatile material (SVM) from particles in the heated environment of the filter during sampling. The accurate determination of semivolatile material is important due to the possible effects of these species on human health, visibility, and global climate change. The concentration and composition of fine particulate material were determined using a combination of continuous and integrated samplers at the Brigham Young University-EPA Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (BYU-EPA EMPACT) monitoring site in Salt Lake City, Utah over a six-day sampling period (30 January to 4 February) during the winter of 2001. Continuous samples were collected using a RAMS (total PM2.5 mass), a TEOM monitor (nonvolatile PM2.5 mass), an Aethalometer (elemental carbon), a TSI CPC (particle count), and a Nephelometer (light scattering by particles, bsp). Fine particle composition and mass were determined on a three-hour basis using the PC-BOSS diffusion denuder sampler. Total PM2.5 mass-determined with the RAMS agreed with constructed mass determined from the chemical composition measured in collocated PC-BOSS-integrated samples. Results from this study indicate that semivolatile material (ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic compounds) is a significant component of fine particle mass. Semivolatile organic compounds were the major contributor to light scattering during the six-day sampling period. Semivolatile nitrate, but not organic material, was suggested to be hygroscopic by the nephelometric data. The majority of the SVM observed appeared to be secondary material formed from photochemical reactions of the organic and NOx emissions from mobile sources and wood smoke combustion. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 100 Benson Sci Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 238 EP 248 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925FC UT WOS:000229035900006 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Wade, TJ Sandhu, SK Wright, CC Lee, S Shaw, S Fox, K Burns, S Benker, A Brookhart, MA van der Laan, M Levy, DA AF Colford, JM Wade, TJ Sandhu, SK Wright, CC Lee, S Shaw, S Fox, K Burns, S Benker, A Brookhart, MA van der Laan, M Levy, DA TI A randomized, controlled trial of in-home drinking water intervention to reduce gastrointestinal illness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA DE drinking; epidemiologic studies; gastrointestinal diseases; intervention studies; randomized controlled trials; water; water supply ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; MILWAUKEE AB Trials have provided conflicting estimates of the risk of gastrointestinal illness attributable to tap water. To estimate this risk in an Iowa community with a well-run water utility with microbiologically challenged source water, the authors of this 2000-2002 study randomly assigned blinded volunteers to use externally identical devices (active device: 227 households with 646 persons; sham device: 229 households with 650 persons) for 6 months (cycle A). Each group then switched to the opposite device for 6 months (cycle B). The active device contained a 1-mum absolute ceramic filter and used ultraviolet light. Episodes of "highly credible gastrointestinal illness," a published measure of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, were recorded. Water usage was recorded with personal diaries and an electronic totalizer. The numbers of episodes in cycle A among the active and sham device groups were 707 and 672, respectively; in cycle B, the numbers of episodes were 516 and 476, respectively. In a log-linear generalized estimating equations model using intention-to-treat analysis, the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (sham vs. active) for the entire trial was 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.10). No reduction in gastrointestinal illness was detected after in-home use of a device designed to be highly effective in removing microorganisms from water. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Biol, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Agcy Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Survey Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Biol, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, 140 Warren Hall 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcolford@socrates.berkeley.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU916961] NR 28 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 5 BP 472 EP 482 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi067 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899DX UT WOS:000227126200008 PM 15718483 ER PT J AU Kim, YM Reed, W Lenz, AG Jaspers, I Silbajoris, R Nick, HS Samet, JM AF Kim, YM Reed, W Lenz, AG Jaspers, I Silbajoris, R Nick, HS Samet, JM TI Ultrafine carbon particles induce interleukin-8 gene transcription and p38 MAPK activation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human bronchial epithelial cell; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; particulate matter; ultrafine particles; nuclear factor-kappa B ID NF-KAPPA-B; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; INSOLUBLE IRIDIUM PARTICLES; RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PROTEIN-KINASE; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; URBAN AIR; IN-VITRO AB Epidemiological studies suggest that ultrafine particles contribute to particulate matter-induced adverse health effects. Interleukin (IL)-8 is an important proinflammatory cytokine in the human lung that is induced in respiratory cells exposed to a variety of environmental insults, including ambient air ultrafine particles. In this study, we examined the effect of a model ultrafine particle on IL-8 expression and the cellular mechanisms responsible for this event. Here, we report that carbonaceous ultrafine particles consisting of synthetic elemental carbon particles (UfCP) markedly increase the expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. IL-8 promoter activity was increased by UfCP exposure in NHBE cells, indicating UfCP- induced IL-8 expression is transcriptionally regulated. IL-8 expression in NHBE is known to be regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. However, UfCP did not induce inhibitory factor kappaBalpha degradation, NF-kappaB- DNA binding, or NF-kappaB-dependent promoter activity in NHBE cells, indicating that UfCP induces IL-8 expression through a mechanism that is independent of NF-kappaB activation. Additionally, we observed that UfCP exposure induces the phosphorylation and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a biphasic manner and that the inhibition of p38 MAPK activity can block IL-8 mRNA expression induced by UfCP in NHBE cells. These results demonstrate that UfCP- induced expression of IL-8 involves a transcriptional mechanism and activation of p38 MAPK in NHBE cells. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Inhalat Biol, Munich, Germany. RP Samet, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD-58D,104 Mason Farm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.jim@epa.gov NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 288 IS 3 BP L432 EP L441 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00285.2004 PG 10 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 894MA UT WOS:000226794700003 PM 15695543 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ AF Ghio, AJ TI Diagnosis and initial management of nonmalignant diseases related to asbestos SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SMOKING C1 US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 171 IS 5 BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 900EF UT WOS:000227197500017 PM 15722421 ER PT J AU Carr, DB White, D MacEachren, AM AF Carr, DB White, D MacEachren, AM TI Conditioned choropleth maps and hypothesis generation SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE geovisualization; exploratory spatial data analysis; choropleth maps; hypothesis generation; partitioning sliders; stratified comparison; dynamic map; statistical annotation ID LINKED MICROMAP PLOTS; EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS; SCATTERPLOT MATRIX; DYNAMIC GRAPHICS; VISUALIZATION; REGRESSION AB The article describes a recently developed template for multivariate data analysis called conditioned choropleth maps (CCmaps). This template is a two-way layout of maps designed to facilitate comparisons. The template can show the association between a dependent variable, as represented in a classed choropleth map, and two potential explanatory variables. The data-analytic objective is to promote better-directed hypothesis generation about the variation of a dependent variable. The CCmap approach does this by partitioning the data into subsets to control the variation in the dependent variable that is associated with two conditioning variables. The interactive implementation of CCmaps introduced here provides dynamically updated map panels and statistics that help in comparing the distributions of conditioned subsets. Patterns evident across subsets indicate the association of conditioning variables with the dependent variable. The patterns lead to hypothesis generation about scientific relationships behind the apparent associations. Spatial patterns evident within individual subsets lead to hypothesis generation that is often mediated by the analyst's knowledge about additional variables. Examples showing applications of the methods to health-environment interaction and biodiversity analysis are presented. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, GeoVISTA Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, MS 4A7,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dcarr@gmu.edu; white.denis@epa.gov; maceachren@psu.edu NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 EI 1467-8306 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 32 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2005.00449.x PG 22 WC Geography SC Geography GA 896UR UT WOS:000226959900003 ER PT J AU Rahman, GMM Kingston, HMS Kern, JC Hartwell, SW Anderson, RF Yang, SY AF Rahman, GMM Kingston, HMS Kern, JC Hartwell, SW Anderson, RF Yang, SY TI Inter-laboratory validation of EPA method 3200 for mercury speciation analysis using prepared soil reference materials SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury speciation; mercury species; speciation; validation; inter-laboratory; methylmercury ID DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION; CR(VI) AB Determinations of the concentration of individual mercury species from environmental samples have increased significantly over the past decade. The techniques used for the determination of mercury species in soils or sediments generally involve a series of analytical steps (extraction, separation, detection) that may all be prone to systematic errors. An inter-laboratory validation study of the EPA draft method 3200 was conducted under the auspices of the United States Environmental Protection Agency on two specifically prepared soil matrices. The study was performed successfully by a limited number of participating laboratories. Evaluation of the data demonstrates that the method is more highly efficient for extracting the highly toxic methylmercury than inorganic mercury. The proposed method does not induce transformation of methylmercury to inorganic mercury. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Reston, VA USA. US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kingston, HMS (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. EM kingston@duq.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1002/aoc.816 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 912OS UT WOS:000228089400002 ER PT J AU Patrick, BO Sun, HS Fricke, MW Cullen, WR AF Patrick, BO Sun, HS Fricke, MW Cullen, WR TI Hydroxytrimethylarsonium iodide, [Me3AsOH]I SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; trimethylhydroxyarsonium iodide; trimethylarsine oxide; Mayer reaction; arsenic AB Hydroxytrimethylarsonium iodide, [Me3AsOH]I, was obtained from the reaction of Me2AsI and MeI in strong basic aqueous solution. The arsenic atom, lying on a mirror plane, is surrounded by one OH and three Me groups, forming a tetrahedral centre. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cullen, WR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM wrc@chem.ubc.ca NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 384 EP 385 DI 10.1002/aoc.708 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 912OS UT WOS:000228089400018 ER PT J AU Offenberg, J Simcik, M Baker, J Eisenreich, SJ AF Offenberg, J Simcik, M Baker, J Eisenreich, SJ TI The impact of urban areas on the deposition of air toxics to adjacent surface waters: A mass budget of PCBs in Lake Michigan in 1994 SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric Deposition; Great Lakes; Chicago; AEOLOS; Great Waters; Surface Water ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN CHESAPEAKE BAY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; DRY DEPOSITION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; COASTAL ATMOSPHERE; FLUXES AB The impact of urban air toxics on the proximate water bodies was investigated as part of the AEOLOS Project ( Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans). The hypothesis of this project was that emissions of hazardous air pollutants into the coastal urban atmosphere increased atmospheric depositional fluxes to proximate Great Waters. Areas of major field and modeling campaigns were located in southern Lake Michigan near Chicago, IL and northern Chesapeake Bay near Baltimore. The impact on Lake Michigan of PCB emissions from the urban area of Chicago was evaluated through field experiments to determine atmospheric concentrations, surface water concentrations, wet and dry deposition and bi-directional gas exchange. These values were used to construct a PCB mass budget for the Lake Michigan ecosystem, which includes the urban influence. PCB emissions in the Chicago atmosphere lead to dramatically increased atmospheric concentrations of PCBs off shore and significantly increased wet, dry particle and air-water exchange fluxes in southern Lake Michigan compared to the regional signal. High PCB concentrations occur over the lake only when the wind is from the direction of the urban/industrial complex inclusive of the shoreline from Gary, IN to Evanston, IL toward the lake. Although atmospheric loading of PCBs was much higher in the southern basin of Lake Michigan, water column concentrations have significantly decreased from 1980 to 1994 through the rapid uptake by settling particles, and have continued to decrease at a rate of 0.17 yr(-1). In contrast to earlier PCB mass budgets that missed significant inputs, outputs and/or process terms, inclusion of the urban-influenced air-water exchange processes and a re-evaluation of new lake data effectively closed the PCB budget for Lake Michigan. Atmospheric exchange processes dominated the whole lake budget. The Chicago area, with high industrial density, emits large quantities of hazardous organic pollutants and has important impacts on the down wind coastal atmosphere and proximate surface waters. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inland & Marine Waters Inst Environm & Sustainabi, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Offenberg, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Atmospher Sci Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM offenberg.john@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Simcik, Matt/K-9390-2015 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s00027-004-0737-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 901IX UT WOS:000227277300010 ER PT J AU Rosati, JA Yoneda, KY Yasmeen, S Wood, S Eldridge, MW AF Rosati, Jacky Ann Yoneda, Ken Y. Yasmeen, Shagufta Wood, Steve Eldridge, Marlowe W. TI Respiratory health and indoor air pollution at high elevation SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biomass combustion; high-altitude population; indoor air quality; lung function ID PEAK FLOW METERS; BIOMASS COMBUSTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; COTTON DUST; EXPOSURE; ENDOTOXIN; ALTITUDE; CHILDREN; LADAKH AB In this research, the authors sought to provide experimental data on indoor air quality, and the resulting respiratory impact, for a high-elevation (4550m), rural community in Ladakh, India. This community is of interest because the primarily nomadic residents burn biomass inside the home for heating and cooking. The concentrations of particulate matter (PM), endotoxin, and carbon monoxide were determined for 6 homes. Lung function data and induced sputum samples were collected for 9 female test-home subjects. In addition, lung function data were collected for 84 additional Ladakhi highlanders at this location. Sputum from 3 visiting scientists (sojourners) was collected and analyzed as well. The average PM concentration ranged from 2mg/m(3) to 7mg/m(3), with 85% of the sampled PM sized as respirable. The average endotoxin concentration ranged from 2.4ng/m(3) to 19ng/m(3), and average carbon monoxide levels ranged from 50ppm, to 120ppm. Lung function values for the highlander population and the test-home subjects were equal to or greater than predicted, despite the highlanders' significant exposure to indoor pollutants. An induced sputum analysis revealed a significantly greater total inflammatory cell count (M +/- SD, 10(5) cell/mg) in the Ladakhi natives than in the sojourners (107.5 +/- 75.2 vs 7.1 +/- 8.1, p <.01). Although the high levels of indoor pollutants did not correlate with significant decrements in lung function, the induced sputum analysis revealed marked airway inflammation dominated by macrophages and neutrophils. It appears that augmented lung mechanics of this high-altitude population are adaptive to reduce the work of breathing; thus, decrements in lung function go undetected because the true predicted values are greater than expected. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat Populat Hlth Sci & Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rosati, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, E-343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosati.jacky@epa.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL086897, R01 HL086897-01A2]; PHS HHS [N01-EF-35356] NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.2.96-105 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 103KZ UT WOS:000241885400006 PM 16983862 ER PT J AU Chu, SH AF Chu, SH TI Stable estimate of primary OC/EC ratios in the EC tracer method SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE EC tracer method; primary OC/EC ratio estimation; ordinary regression; deming regression; ratio of averages; average of ratios ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES; PM2.5; CARBON; IDENTIFICATION; EPISODES; ATLANTA; WINTER AB In fine particulate matter studies, the primary OC/EC ratio plays an important role in estimating the secondary organic aerosol contribution to PM2.5 concentrations using the EC tracer method. In this study, numerical experiments are carried out to test and compare various statistical techniques in the estimation of primary OC/EC ratios. The influence of random measurement errors in both primary OC and EC measurements on the estimation of the expected primary OC/EC ratios is examined. It is found that random measurement errors in EC generally create an underestimation of the slope and an overestimation of the intercept of the ordinary least-squares regression line. The Deming regression analysis performs much better than the ordinary regression, but it tends to overcorrect the problem by slightly overestimating the slope and underestimating the intercept. Averaging the ratios directly is usually undesirable because the average is strongly influenced by unrealistically high values of OC/EC ratios resulting from random measurement errors at low EC concentrations. The errors generally result in a skewed distribution of the OC/ EC ratios even if the parent distributions of OC and EC are close to normal. When measured OC contains a significant amount of non-combustion OC Deming regression is a much better tool and should be used to estimate both the primary OC/EC ratio and the non-combustion OC. However, if the noncombustion OC is negligibly small the best and most robust estimator of the OC/EC ratio turns out to be the simple ratio of the OC and EC averages. It not only reduces random errors by averaging individual variables separately but also acts as a weighted average of ratios to minimize the influence of unrealistically high OC/EC ratios created by measurement errors at low EC concentrations. The median of OC/EC ratios ranks a close second, and the geometric mean of ratios ranks third. This is because their estimations are insensitive to questionable extreme values. A real world example is given using the ambient data collected from an Atlanta STN site during the winter of 2001-2002. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, OAQPS, AQSSD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chu, SH (reprint author), US EPA, OAQPS, AQSSD, C504-02 109,TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chu.shao-hang@epa.gov RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 31 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1383 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.038 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 907GF UT WOS:000227703200002 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MT Schreinemachers, D Wu, K Ning, Z Zhao, B Le, XC Mumford, JL AF Schmitt, MT Schreinemachers, D Wu, K Ning, Z Zhao, B Le, XC Mumford, JL TI Human nails as a biomarker of arsenic exposure from well water in Inner Mongolia: comparing atomic fluorescence spectrometry and neutron activation analysis SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; nails; drinking water; neutron activation; analysis; atomic fluorescence spectrometry ID DRINKING-WATER; CANCER MORTALITY; WEST-BENGAL; BLADDER; URINE; HAIR; POPULATION; SPECIATION; INDICATOR; PEOPLE AB Arsenic ( As) is found naturally in the geological strata within the Ba Men Region of Inner Mongolia, China. A study was conducted to compare the total As measurements from two analytical techniques: instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), and to verify nails as an exposure biomarker in this population. In 1999, nail and water samples were collected in a pilot study. Fingernails and toenails were pooled from 32 participants and analysed for total As by both INAA and AFS. Mean nail As values were 14.8 +/- 2.4 and 19.4 +/- 2.8 mu g g(-1) ( +/- SEM) for INAA and AFS, respectively. Results from these two methods were significantly correlated ( r = 0.93, p< 0.0001). In 2000, a second study was conducted and INAA was used to measure total As in toenails from 314 Ba Men residents. Well water samples were collected from 121 households and analysed by AFS. A significant correlation was observed between toenail and well water As ( r = 0.84, p< 0.0001). Based on the results, INAA was significantly correlated with AFS and proved to be a reliable measure of nail As levels. In this population, toenail samples are a useful internal As exposure biomarker from drinking water sources. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Ba Men Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Lin He Antiepidem Stn, Lin He, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Schmitt, MT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, MD-58D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Schmitt.mike@epa.gov RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1080/13547500500087913 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 942SS UT WOS:000230303300001 PM 16076725 ER PT J AU Dunson, DB Stanford, JB AF Dunson, DB Stanford, JB TI Bayesian inferences on predictors of conception probabilities SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE aggregated Bernoulli; data augmentation algorithm; discrete event time; gamina frailty; human fertility; nonlinear mixed model; pregnancy; random effect ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; FERTILITY; FECUNDABILITY; INTERCOURSE; OVULATION; VIABILITY; MODEL; BABY; SEX AB Reproductive scientists and couples attempting pregnancy are interested in identifying predictors of the day-specific probabilities of conception in relation to the timing of a single intercourse act. Because most menstrual cycles have multiple days of intercourse, the occurrence of conception represents the aggregation across Bernoulli trials for each intercourse day. Because of this data structure and dependency among the multiple cycles from a woman, implementing analyses has proven challenging. This article proposes a Bayesian approach based on a generalization of the Barrett and Marshall model to incorporate a woman-specific frailty and day-specific covariates. The model results in a simple closed form expression for the marginal probability of conception, and has an auxiliary variables formulation that facilitates efficient posterior computation. Although motivated by fecundability studies, the approach can be used for efficient variable selection and model averaging in general applications with categorical or discrete event time data. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Dunson, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, MD A3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dunsonl@niehs.nih.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2005.031231.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 905NX UT WOS:000227576600014 PM 15737085 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Hecht, SS Mukherjee, S Carmella, SG Rodrigues, EG Christiani, DC AF Kim, JY Hecht, SS Mukherjee, S Carmella, SG Rodrigues, EG Christiani, DC TI A urinary metabolite of phenanthrene as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic activation in workers exposed to residual oil fly ash SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID COKE-OVEN WORKERS; FUEL-OIL; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE CONCENTRATIONS; BENZO(A)PYRENE; BOILERMAKERS; COMBUSTION; ADDUCTS; PYRENE; COAL AB Residual oil fly ash is a chemically complex combustion product containing a significant component of potentially carcinogenic transition metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Various biomarkers of PAH exposure have been investigated previously, most notably 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), in urine. In this study, we assessed the utility of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (trans, anti-PheT), a metabolite of phenanthrene, to detect occupational PAH exposure. Urine samples collected across the workweek were analyzed for 1-OHP and trans, anti-PheT in boilermakers (n = 20) exposed to residual oil fly ash. Median baseline urinary trans, anti-PheT concentrations were 0.50 mu g/g creatinine in current tobacco smokers and 0.39 mu g/g creatinine in nonsmokers. Median baseline urinary 1-OHP concentrations in smokers and nonsmokers were 0.31 and 0.13 mu g/g creatinine, respectively. To study further the effect of smoking exposure on the urinary PAH markers, urinary cotinine was used. Although urinary trans, anti-PheT and 1-OHP concentrations were correlated (Spearman r = 0.63; P < 0.001) for all subjects, the regression coefficient between log-transformed trans, anti-PheT and log 1-OHP was statistically significant only for subjects with low levels of urinary cotinine or for nonsmokers. Each 1-unit increase in log 1-OHP was associated with a 0.77-unit increase (95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.09) in log trans, anti-PheT in subjects with low levels of urinary cotinine (P < 0.001). In these subjects, dichotomized occupational exposure status was a significant predictor of log trans, anti-PheT (P = 0.02) but not of log 1-OHP (P = 0.2). In conclusion, we found that urinary trans, anti-PheT was detected in levels comparable with 1-OHP in occupationally exposed workers, particularly nonsmokers. This study shows that urinary trans, anti-PheT may be an effective biomarker of uptake and metabolic activation of PAHs. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Pulm & Crit Care Unit, Boston, MA USA. RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1402,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dchristi@hsph.harvard.edu OI Hecht, Stephen/0000-0001-7228-1356 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA92025, CA94715]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09860, T32 ES07069] NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0428 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 905CS UT WOS:000227545900025 PM 15767350 ER PT J AU Beliveau, M Lipscomb, J Tardif, R Krishnan, K AF Beliveau, M Lipscomb, J Tardif, R Krishnan, K TI Quantitative structure-property relationships for interspecies extrapolation of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of organic chemicals SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; STRUCTURE-BASED PREDICTION; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; RAT-BLOOD; HUMANS; TISSUE; TOXICOKINETICS; HEMOGLOBIN; VALIDATION; CLEARANCE AB The objectives of this study were to (i) develop quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) for blood:air partition coefficients (P-b:a), tissue:air partition coefficients (P-t:a), and hepatic clearance (CLh) and (ii) conduct interspecies extrapolations of the pharmacokinetics of low molecular weight volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) by incorporating the above QSPRs within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling framework. P-b:a and P-t:a were predicted using the following algorithm: F-nl x P-o:a + F-w x P-w:a + f(b) x F-p x P-p:a, where F-nl = content of neutral lipid equivalents in biological matrix, F, = content of water equivalents in biological matrix, F-p = protein content of blood and tissues, P-o:a = vegetable oil:air partition coefficient, P-w:a = water:air partition coefficient, f(b) = fraction of total protein involved in the partitioning process, and P-p:a = protein:air partition coefficient. CLh was estimated as follows: Q(1) x [(CLint x C-P4502E1 x V-1)/(Q(1) + CLint x C-P4502E1 x V-1)], where CLint = intrinsic clearance normalized for P4502 E1 content, Q(1) = blood flow to the liver, C-P4502E1 = hepatic concentration of P450 2E1 in the species of interest, and V-1 = volume of liver. QSPRs relating molecular fragments of 46 VOCs and parameters required for estimating P-b:a, P-t:a, and CLh (namely, P-o:a, P-w:a, P-p:a, and CLint) were established using a group contribution method (Sigma f(i) x C-i, where f = frequency of occurrence of the group i in a given molecule and C-i = contribution of the group i to P-o:a, P-w:a, P-p:a or CLint). Values of group contributions were determined by multilinear regression of experimental data. The species specific parameters required for solving the above algorithms were obtained from the literature. These algorithms, once incorporated into a multispecies PBPK modeling framework, enabled extrapolation of the kinetics of chemicals across species. The inhalation pharmacokinetics of dichloromethane and toluene as well as two de novo compounds (1,2,4-trimethyl benzene and ethyl benzene) were extrapolated from rat to human, using the present modeling methodology. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to extrapolate the pharmacokinetic behavior of chemicals from rats to humans on the basis of QSPRs and species specific physiological information. C1 Univ Montreal, Grp Rech Toxicol Humaine TOXHUM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Krishnan, K (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Grp Rech Toxicol Humaine TOXHUM, Case Postale 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1021/tx049722k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 909OH UT WOS:000227868700008 PM 15777087 ER PT J AU Teuschler, LK Gennings, C Hartley, WR Carter, H Thiyagarajah, A Schoeny, R Cubbison, C AF Teuschler, LK Gennings, C Hartley, WR Carter, H Thiyagarajah, A Schoeny, R Cubbison, C TI The interaction effects of binary mixtures of benzene and toluene on the developing heart of medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE departure from additivity; heart rate; heart rate progression; embryo mortality ID STAGE-SPECIFIC TOXICITY; JAPANESE MEDAKA; IN-VITRO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLISM; EMBRYOS; MALFORMATIONS; METHYLMERCURY; INSECTICIDES; CHEMICALS AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has pursued the estimation of risk of adverse health effects from exposure to chemical mixtures since the early 1980s. Methods used to calculate risk estimates of mixtures were often based on single chemical information that required assumptions of dose-addition or response-addition and did not consider possible changes in response due to interaction effects among chemicals. Full factorial designs for laboratory studies can produce interactions information, but these are expensive to perform and may not provide the information needed to evaluate specific environmentally relevant mixtures. In this research, groups of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to binary mixtures of benzene and toluene as well as to each of these chemicals alone. Endpoint specific,dose-response models were built for the hydrocarbon mixture under an assumption of dose-additivity, using the single chemical dose-response information on benzene and toluene. The endpoints included heart rate, heart rate progression, and lethality. Results included a synergistic response for heart rate at 72 It of development, and either additivity or antagonism for all other endpoints at 96h of development. This work uses an established statistical method to evaluate the toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture to ascertain whether interaction effects are occurring, thus providing additional information on toxicity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Thiyagarajah, A (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM rthiyag@tulane.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1283 EP 1291 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.075 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902RZ UT WOS:000227375500014 PM 15667848 ER PT J AU Nagy, LR Holmes, RT AF Nagy, LR Holmes, RT TI Food limits annual fecundity of a migratory songbird: An experimental study SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black-throated Blue Warbler; Dendroica caerulescens; double brooding; food limitation; food supplementation; foraging behavior; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; multiple brooding; Neotropical migrant bird; population limitation ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; TIT PARUS-MAJOR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; PERIODICAL CICADAS; PRUNELLA-MODULARIS; PREDATOR SATIATION AB In short-lived species, fecundity strongly influences population size. For those species with multiple breeding attempts per breeding season, variance in fecundity is best explained by the number of breeding attempts. For birds, multiple brooding may be influenced by food availability. Here, we report results of a food supplementation experiment that tests the role of food as a mechanism driving variation among individuals in the frequency of multiple brooding in a Neotropical migrant songbird, the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens). Supplementally fed females produced more second broods, spent less time foraging and more time loafing, and stayed closer to their nests than did control females. Fed and control females did not differ in the number or mass of young fledged from the first nesting attempt. Supplemental food increased the probability that females would initiate second broods in both a low and an average food year, suggesting that this population is food limited during the breeding season in most years. Our results thus demonstrate that food availability can strongly influence annual fecundity in migratory bird species breeding in temperate forests, which, in turn, affects annual recruitment rates and population size. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nagy, LR (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nagy.laura@epa.gov NR 51 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1890/04-0155 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906RJ UT WOS:000227659700017 ER PT J AU Mayer, PM Tunnell, SJ Engle, DM Jorgensen, EE Nunn, P AF Mayer, PM Tunnell, SJ Engle, DM Jorgensen, EE Nunn, P TI Invasive grass alters litter decomposition by influencing macrodetritivores SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Aster ericoides; decomposition; ecosystem function; endophyte; Festuca arundinacca; invasion; macrodetritivore ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE INFECTION; BUNDLE SHEATH-CELLS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ARTHROPOD DIVERSITY; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; PLANT DIVERSITY; FOLIAR LITTER; TALL FESCUE; LEAF-LITTER AB The results of nitrogen (N) fertilization experiments have shown inconsistent rates of plant litter decomposition, a phenomenon that may be explained by dispropotionate influence of animal detritivores (macro-detritivores) on litter mass loss versus that of microbial decomposers, whose activity may be dependent on inorganic N. In turn, macrodetritivores may be influenced by plant species composition via their selection of optimal food resources and habitats. In our experiment, fertilizer had no apparent effect on litter decomposition, suggesting that microbial decomposers did not use the additional inorganic N and/or that macrodetritivores had a greater influence on decomposition. Manipulation of macrodetritivores suggested that plant species composition-dominated in this study by Festuca arundinacea, an exotic, invasive grass, and Aster ericoides, a native forb-caused shifts in detrivore communities and/or feeding patterns that tended to increase litter mass loss. Canopy cover of F. arundinacea and A. ericoides ranged from 0% to 11%, suggesting that low-intensity invasion may produce significant changes in ecosystem function, such as decomposition. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mayer, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0018-x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932FR UT WOS:000229540100008 ER PT J AU Vanarsdale, A Weiss, J Keeler, G Miller, E Boulet, G Brulotte, R Poissant, L AF Vanarsdale, A Weiss, J Keeler, G Miller, E Boulet, G Brulotte, R Poissant, L TI Patterns of mercury deposition and concentration in northeastern North America (1996-2002) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; mercury; regional patterns ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; LAKES; MOBILIZATION; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; FLUXES; WATER AB Data from 13 National Atmospheric Deposition Program Mercury Monitor Network (NADP/MDN) monitoring stations (1996-2002) and the Underhill (VT) event-based monitoring site (1993-2002) were evaluated for spatial and temporal trends. More precipitation and mercury deposition occurred in the southern and coastal MDN sites, except for the Underhill site, which received more mercury deposition than surrounding sites. Precipitation patterns varied. Regionally, higher concentrations of mercury were recorded during the late spring and summer months. Several sub-regional clusters of MDN sites were evident, based on mercury deposition patterns. In general, more mercury was deposited during the summer months. "Enhanced'' weekly deposition (>250 ng/m(2)) and distinct seasonal deposition patterns were evident at all MDN sites. Regionally, high depositional periods contributed significantly to annual loads (<20%-similar to 60%). Southern and coastal sites measured more frequent periods of high deposition than inland sites. Spring and summer "enhanced'' deposition may be important contributing factors to mercury bioaccumulation during the growing season. Recent regional reductions of mercury emissions were not reflected in the regional mercury concentration or deposition data. Few sites showed linear relations between the concentration of mercury in precipitation and acid rain co-contaminants (sulfates and nitrates). C1 US EPA, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. US EPA, Boston, MA 02203 USA. Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. Minist Environm Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Vanarsdale, A (reprint author), US EPA, 11 Technol Dr, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. EM vanarsdale.alan@epa.gov NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6258-x PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000004 PM 15931957 ER PT J AU Miller, EK Vanarsdale, A Keeler, GJ Chalmers, A Poissant, L Kamman, NC Brulotte, R AF Miller, EK Vanarsdale, A Keeler, GJ Chalmers, A Poissant, L Kamman, NC Brulotte, R TI Estimation and mapping of wet and dry mercury deposition across northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; Hg; GEM; RGM; atmospheric deposition; North America ID TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WHITEFACE-MOUNTAIN; COMPENSATION POINT; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TRACE-ELEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CLOUD-WATER AB Whereas many ecosystem characteristics and processes influence mercury accumulation in higher trophic-level organisms, the mercury flux from the atmosphere to a lake and its watershed is a likely factor in potential risk to biota. Atmospheric deposition clearly affects mercury accumulation in soils and lake sediments. Thus, knowledge of spatial patterns in atmospheric deposition may provide information for assessing the relative risk for ecosystems to exhibit excessive biotic mercury contamination. Atmospheric mercury concentrations in aerosol, vapor, and liquid phases from four observation networks were used to estimate regional surface concentration fields. Statistical models were developed to relate sparsely measured mercury vapor and aerosol concentrations to the more commonly measured mercury concentration in precipitation. High spatial resolution deposition velocities for different phases (precipitation, cloud droplets, aerosols, and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM)) were computed using inferential models. An empirical model was developed to estimate gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) deposition. Spatial patterns of estimated total mercury deposition were complex. Generally, deposition was higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. Elevation, land cover, and proximity to urban areas modified the general pattern. The estimated net GEM and RGM fluxes were each greater than or equal to wet deposition in many areas. Mercury assimilation by plant foliage may provide a substantial input of methyl-mercury(MeHg) to ecosystems. C1 Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. US EPA, N Chelmsford, MA USA. Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, Waterbury, VT USA. Minist Environm Quebec, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, POB 1227, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. EM ekmiller@ecosystems-research.com RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 60 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6259-9 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000005 PM 15931958 ER PT J AU Evers, DC Burgess, NM Champoux, L Hoskins, B Major, A Goodale, WM Taylor, RJ Poppenga, R Daigle, T AF Evers, DC Burgess, NM Champoux, L Hoskins, B Major, A Goodale, WM Taylor, RJ Poppenga, R Daigle, T TI Patterns and interpretation of mercury exposure in freshwater avian communities in northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bird; loon; methylmercury; monitoring; indicator species ID LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; NESTING BALD EAGLES; SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; CAPTIVE GREAT EGRETS; FOOD-CHAIN STRUCTURE; LOW PH LAKES; COMMON LOONS; METHYL MERCURY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AB A large data set of over 4,700 records of avian mercury (Hg) levels in northeastern North America was compiled and evaluated. As Hg emissions remain poorly regulated in the United States and Canada, atmospheric deposition patterns and associated ecological responses continue to elicit interest by landscape managers, conservation biologists, policy makers, and the general public. How avian Hg exposure is interpreted greatly influences decision-making practices. The geographic extent and size of this data set is valuable in understanding the factors that affect the exposure of Hg to birds. Featured are differences found among tissues, major aquatic habitats and geographic areas, between age class and gender, and among species. While Hg concentrations in egg and blood reflect short-term Hg exposure, Hg concentrations in liver and feather provide insight into long-term Hg exposure. Blood is a particularly important matrix for relating site-specific exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). The level of MeHg is generally 5-10x greater in adults compared to nestlings. Age also influences MeHg bioaccumulation, particularly for individuals where MeHg intake exceeds elimination. Gender is of interpretive concern when evaluating Hg exposure for species exhibiting sexual dimorphism and niche partitioning. Based on two indicator species, the belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), we found MeHg availability increased from marine, to estuarine and riverine systems, and was greatest in lake habitats. A large sample of >1,800 blood and egg Hg levels from the common loon (Gavia immer) facilitated a suitable comparison of geographic differences. Although some clusters of highly elevated Hg exposure (i.e., blood levels >3.0 mu g/g, ww and egg levels >1.3 mu g/g, ww) were associated with hydrological and biogeochemical factors known to increase MeHg production and availability, others were not. Geographic areas without a relationship between Hg exposure and biogeochemical processes were associated with emission or waterborne point sources. Differences in Hg exposure among species are primarily correlated with trophic position and availability of MeHg. Although piscivorous species were repeatedly shown to have some of the highest MeHg levels of the 38 species analyzed, insectivorous birds in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats (such as montane areas) were also found with elevated MeHg levels. A better understanding of the factors confounding interpretation of Hg exposure provides an effective basis for choice of indicator species and tissues according to 12 selected scenarios. This and the national need for spatiotemporal monitoring of MeHg availability require careful consideration of indicator species choice. Only then will local, regional, continental, and even global monitoring efforts be effective. C1 BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, St Foy, PQ G1V 4H5, Canada. US EPA, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Evers, DC (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM david.evers@briloon.org RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Burgess, Neil/0000-0001-6084-2048 NR 162 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 8 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6269-7 PG 29 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000015 PM 15931967 ER PT J AU Nacci, D Pelletier, M Lake, J Bennett, R Nichols, J Haebler, R Grear, J Kuhn, A Copeland, J Nicholson, M Walters, S Munns, WR AF Nacci, D Pelletier, M Lake, J Bennett, R Nichols, J Haebler, R Grear, J Kuhn, A Copeland, J Nicholson, M Walters, S Munns, WR TI An approach to predict risks to wildlife populations from mercury and other stressors SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wildlife populations; mercury effects; ecological risk assessment; land use changes; environmental protection-conservation partnerships ID CONNECTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Ecological risk assessments for mercury (Hg) require measured and modeled information on exposure and effects. While most of this special issue focuses on the former, i.e., distribution and fate of Hg within aquatic food webs, this paper describes an approach to predict the effects of dietary methylmercury (CH3Hg) on populations of piscivorous birds. To demonstrate this approach, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (U.S. EPA NHEERL) is working cooperatively with environmental and conservation organizations to develop models to predict CH3Hg effects on populations of the common loon, Gavia immer. Specifically, a biologically-based toxicokinetic model is being used to extrapolate CH3Hg effects on the reproduction of a tested bird species, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), to the loon. Population models are being used to incorporate stressor effects on survival and reproduction into projections of loon population effects. Finally, habitat and spatially-explicit population models are being used to project results spatially, assess the relative importance of CH3Hg and non-chemical stressors, and produce testable predictions of the effects of biologically-available Hg on loon populations. This stepwise process provides an integrated approach to estimate the impact on wildlife populations of regulations that limit atmospherically-distributed Hg, and to develop risk-based population-level regulatory criteria. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, AED, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RP Nacci, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, AED, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM nacci.diane@epa.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6275-9 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000021 PM 15931973 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, RJ TI Mechanistic data and cancer risk assessment: The need for quantitative molecular endpoints SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; cancer; biomarkers; genomics; proteomics; real-time PCR; comparative genomic hybridization; fluorescence in situ hybridization ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENE-EXPRESSION SAGE; SERIAL ANALYSIS; GENOTYPIC SELECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN RELEVANCE; MICROARRAY; PROTEOMICS; PCR AB The cancer risk assessment process as currently proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency allows for the use of mechanistic data to inform the low-dose tumor response in humans and in laboratory animals. The aim is to reduce the reliance on defaults that introduce a relatively high level of uncertainty to the risk estimates. The types of data required for this purpose are those that help identify key events in tumor formation following exposure to environmental chemicals. Informative biomarkers of tumor responses could then be developed for describing the shape of a dose-response curve at low doses (i.e., a qualitative assessment) and for predicting tumor frequency at these low doses (i.e., a quantitative assessment). A number of recently developed molecular approaches could aid in the development of qualitatively and quantitatively informative biomarkers. An overview of these with examples of their use is presented. These methods include quantitative gene expression array techniques, quantitative proteomic assays, and the assessment of DNA alterations at the single gene level and at the genome level of detection. It is most likely that a combination of approaches at different levels of cellular organization (i.e., DNA, RNA, and protein) will be the most productive for biomarker development. The rapid progress that is being made will make this tool kit even more applicable for the cancer risk assessment process. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 45:214-221, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1002/em.20093 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 914XX UT WOS:000228262500012 PM 15645441 ER PT J AU Ghorishi, SB Lee, CW Jozewicz, WS Kilgroe, JD AF Ghorishi, SB Lee, CW Jozewicz, WS Kilgroe, JD TI Effects of fly ash transition metal content and flue gas HCl/SO2 ratio on mercury speciation in waste combustion SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Incineration and Thermal Treatment Technologies CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Orlando, FL DE mercury control; surface-mediated mercury oxidation; mercury oxidation in waste combustion ID INCINERATORS AB Understanding the transformation of mercury species (elemental and oxidized forms) in stationary combustion sources is of interest to both those responsible for developing control technologies and those responsible for setting regulations. Elemental mercury (Hg-0) poses a challenging flue gas control issue, and oxidized forms of mercury (Hg2+) are of concern due to local deposition potential. In a previous study, mercury speciation, or more specifically oxidation of Hg-0, was studied in simulated flue gases and in the presence of three-component model fly ashes. Gas-phase studies indicated that oxidation of Hg-0 in the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) is rather slow, and proceeds at measurable rates only at temperatures >700 degreesC and HCl concentrations in the range of 100-200 ppm. The effect of fly ash composition was investigated using a fixed-bed reactor containing different synthetic model fly ash components such as alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), copper oxide (CuO), and calcium oxide (CaO). Transition metal oxides, CuO and Fe2O3, exhibited significant catalytic activity in the surface-mediated oxidation of Hg-0 in the presence of HCl. The observed Hg-0 oxidation activities of the two oxides are possibly caused by the Deacon process in which chlorine gas (Cl-2) is produced via catalytic oxidation of HCl over these two oxides. In the present follow-up study, the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to HCl ratio on Hg-0 oxidation was investigated. The addition of SO2 to the moist flue gas at high SO2:HCl ratios (10:1 to 4:1) caused a decrease in oxidation of Hg-0. This is attributed to a scavenging effect of SO2 and H2O on Cl-2. Addition of CaO to the synthetic fly ashes also caused a drop in Hg-0 oxidation. It is possible that due to the partial removal of HCl by reaction with CaO less HCl is available for the catalytic Deacon reaction. The Hg-0 oxidation activity of a cement kiln dust (CKD) sample collected from a full-scale hazardous waste incinerator was also studied. Qualitatively, it exhibited Hg-0 oxidation catalytic behavior similar to that observed with CaO-containing model fly ashes. According to this study, only moderate oxidation of Hg-0 (40%) can be expected in cement kilns burning hazardous waste. During hazardous and municipal waste combustion, the presence of sufficiently high HCl and/or Cl-2 in the gas phase may cause the metallic oxide compounds in the fly ash to be converted into metal chlorides. Additional tests were performed using synthetic fly ashes containing cuprous chloride (CuCl). These results were compared to those obtained using CuO. It was found that CuCl is so reactive that it oxidizes Hg-0 even in the absence of HCl in the simulated flue gas. This is contrary to the behavior shown by CuO, which requires the presence of HCl in the flue gas in order for Hg-0 oxidation to occur. C1 US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div E30501, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div E30501, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.chun-wai@epa.gov NR 18 TC 48 Z9 58 U1 6 U2 37 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1089/ees.2005.22.221 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903JP UT WOS:000227422400011 ER PT J AU Warren, J AF Warren, J TI Representativeness of environmental samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE representativeness; macro and microscales; quality system; EPA guidance AB The meaning of "representativeness" is often bound to the environmental context in which the samples are taken. Examples of qualitative interpretations of representativeness drawn from environmental regulations are shown. The concept of macro- and microscale understanding of representativeness is discussed and linked to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Quality System and its associated guidance. C1 US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Warren, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Informat, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 2811R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM warren.john@epa.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1080/15275920590913868 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910SL UT WOS:000227952400007 ER PT J AU Nocerino, JM Schumacher, BA Dary, CC AF Nocerino, JM Schumacher, BA Dary, CC TI Role of laboratory sampling devices and laboratory subsampling methods in representative sampling strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE heterogeneity; representative; sample; correct sampling; Gy; sampling error; laboratory subsampling AB Sampling is the act of selecting items from a specified population in order to estimate the parameters of that population (e.g., selecting soil samples to characterize the properties at an environmental site). Sampling occurs at various levels and times throughout an environmental site characterization process. Typically, initial (primary) sampling occurs in the field while subsequent stages of sample size reduction (subsampling) occur until the final laboratory analysis stage. At each step in the measurement process, from planning, site selection. sample collection, sample preparation, through sample analysis, errors can occur that propagate, leading to uncertainty associated with the final result upon which decisions will ultimately be made. The goal of all sampling efforts should be to select samples that are representative of the population (i.e., site) in question. General guidelines, with supporting background and theory, for obtaining representative subsamples for the laboratory analysis of particulate materials using "correct" sampling practices and "correct" sampling devices are presented ("correct" as defined by Gy sampling theory; see Pitard, 1993). Considerations are given to: the constitution and the degree of heterogeneity of the material being sampled, the methods used for sample collection (including what proper tools to use), what it is that the sample is supposed to represent, the mass of the sample needed to be representative, and the bounds of what "representative" actually means. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Nocerino, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM nocerino.john@epa.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1080/15275920590913903 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910SL UT WOS:000227952400009 ER PT J AU Bonner, MR Lee, WJ Sandler, DA Hoppin, JA Dosemeci, M Alavanja, MCR AF Bonner, MR Lee, WJ Sandler, DA Hoppin, JA Dosemeci, M Alavanja, MCR TI Occupational exposure to carbofuran and the incidence of cancer in the Agricultural Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; cancer incidence; carbofuran; lung cancer; pesticides ID LUNG-CANCER; ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; UNITED-STATES; RISK; MORTALITY; MICE; INDUCTION; LYMPHOMA; FARMERS AB Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide registered for use on a variety of food crops including corn, alfalfa, rice, and tobacco. An estimated 5 million pounds of carbofuran is used annually in the United States, and 45% of urban African-American women have detectable levels of carbofuran in their plasma. Nitrosated carbofuran has demonstrated mutagenic properties. We examined exposure to carbofuran and several tumor sites among 49,877 licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study. We obtained information regarding years of use, frequency of use in an average year, and when use began for 22 pesticides using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) adjusting for potential confounders. Lung cancer risk was 3-fold higher for those with > 109 days of lifetime exposure to carbofuran (RR = 3.05; 95% Cl, 0.94-9.87) compared with those with < 9 lifetime exposure days, with a significant dose-response trend for both days of use per year and total years of use. However, carbofuran use was not associated with lung cancer risk when nonexposed persons were used as the referent. In addition, carbofuran exposure was not associated with any other cancer site examined. Although carbamate pesticides are suspected human carcinogens, these results should be interpreted cautiously because there was no a priori hypothesis specifically linking carbofuran to lung cancer. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bonner, MR (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8121,MSC 7240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bonnerm@mail.nih.gov OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1289/ehp.7451 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 903MM UT WOS:000227430100036 PM 15743716 ER PT J AU Ebi, KL Gamble, JL AF Ebi, KL Gamble, JL TI Summary of a workshop on the development of health models and scenarios: Strategies for the future SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE climate change; health models; health scenario development; policy ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MALARIA AB A workshop was convened in July 2003 by the Global Change Research Program, Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to review current strategies for developing human health models and scenarios in the context of global environmental change, particularly global climate change, and to outline a research agenda that effectively characterizes the interplay of global change with the health of human populations. The research agenda developed at the workshop focused on three issues: a) the development of health models, b) the development of health scenarios, and c) the use of health models and health scenarios to inform policy. The agenda identified research gaps as well as barriers to the development and use of models and scenarios. This report summarizes the workshop findings. C1 Exponent Hlth Grp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ebi, KL (reprint author), Exponent Hlth Grp, 1800 Diagonal Rd,Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM kebi@exponent.com NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1289/ehp.7380 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 903MM UT WOS:000227430100044 PM 15743724 ER PT J AU Merchant, JA Naleway, AL Svendsen, ER Kelly, KM Burmeister, LF Stromquist, AM Taylor, CD Thorne, PS Reynolds, SJ Sanderson, WT Chrischilles, EA AF Merchant, JA Naleway, AL Svendsen, ER Kelly, KM Burmeister, LF Stromquist, AM Taylor, CD Thorne, PS Reynolds, SJ Sanderson, WT Chrischilles, EA TI Asthma and farm exposures in a cohort of rural Iowa children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agricultural occupational exposures; ammonia; animal feeding operations; asthma; asthma diagnosis and treatment; asthma health care policy; asthma school screening; asthma underdiagnosis; asthma undertreatment; children; chronic wheeze; cough with exercise; farming; genetic selection; hydrogen sulfide; hygiene hypothesis; odor; rural ID ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; EARLY-LIFE; HAY-FEVER; ENDOTOXIN; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; DISEASES; ATOPY; RISK AB Epidemiologic studies of farm children are of international interest because farm children are less often atopic, have less allergic disease, and often have less asthma than do nonfarm children-findings consistent with the hygiene hypothesis. We studied a cohort of rural Iowa children to determine the association between farm.and other environmental risk factors with four asthma outcomes: doctor-diagnosed asthma, doctor-diagnosed asthma/medication for wheeze, current wheeze, and cough with exercise. Doctor-diagnosed asthma prevalence was 12%, but at least one of these four health outcomes was found in more than a third of the cohort. Multivariable models of the four health outcomes found independent associations between male sex (three asthma outcomes), age (three asthma outcomes), a personal history of allergies (four asthma outcomes), family history of allergic disease (two asthma outcomes), premature birth (one asthma outcome), early respiratory infection (three asthma outcomes), high-risk birth (two asthma outcomes), and farm exposure to raising swine and adding antibiotics to feed (two asthma outcomes). The high prevalence of rural childhood asthma and asthma symptoms underscores the need for asthma screening programs and improved asthma diagnosis and treatment. The high prevalence of asthma health outcomes among farm children living on farms that raise swine (44.1 %, p = 0.01) and raise swine and add antibiotics to feed (55.8%, p = 0.013), despite lower rates of atopy and personal histories of allergy, suggests the need for awareness and prevention measures and more population-based studies to further assess environmental and genetic determinants of asthma among farm children. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Merchant, JA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Gen Hosp, E220H1, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-merchant@uiowa.edu RI Kelly, Kevin/E-2716-2013; Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015; OI Kelly, Kevin/0000-0002-9177-1454; Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907; Naleway, Allison/0000-0001-5747-4643 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [5 R01/CCR714364, U07/CCU706145] NR 43 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 13 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1289/ehp.7240 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 903MM UT WOS:000227430100047 PM 15743727 ER PT J AU Danz, NP Regal, RR Niemi, GJ Brady, VJ Hollenhorst, T Johnson, LB Host, GE Hanowski, JM Johnston, CA Brown, T Kingston, J Kelly, JR AF Danz, NP Regal, RR Niemi, GJ Brady, VJ Hollenhorst, T Johnson, LB Host, GE Hanowski, JM Johnston, CA Brown, T Kingston, J Kelly, JR TI Environmentally stratified sampling design for the development of great lakes environmental indicators SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic stress; ecological indicators; GIS; Great Lakes; human disturbance gradient; sampling design ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; COASTAL WETLAND; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; GREEN BAY; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; RESOURCES AB Understanding the relationship between human disturbance and ecological response is essential to the process of indicator development. For large-scale observational studies, sites should be selected across gradients of anthropogenic stress, but such gradients are often unknown for a population of sites prior to site selection. Stress data available from public sources can be used in a geographic information system (GIS) to partially characterize environmental conditions for large geographic areas without visiting the sites. We divided the U.S. Great Lakes coastal region into 762 units consisting of a shoreline reach and drainage-shed and then summarized over 200 environmental variables in seven categories for the units using a GIS. Redundancy within the categories of environmental variables was reduced using principal components analysis. Environmental strata were generated from cluster analysis using principal component scores as input. To protect against site selection bias, sites were selected in random order from clusters. The site selection process allowed us to exclude sites that were inaccessible and was shown to successfully distribute sites across the range of environmental variation in our GIS data. This design has broad applicability when the goal is to develop ecological indicators using observational data from large-scale surveys. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environ, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Math & Stat, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Biocomplex Studies, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Danz, NP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environ, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM ndanz@nrri.umn.edu OI Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048 NR 73 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 102 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-1594-8 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907QY UT WOS:000227734200004 PM 15869177 ER PT J AU Blocksom, KA Flotemersch, JE AF Blocksom, KA Flotemersch, JE TI Comparison of macroinvertebrate sampling methods for nonwadeable streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE nonwadeable rivers; sampling methods; bioassessment; run-of-the-river; restricted flow; macroinvertebrates ID INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; RIVER; ORDINATION AB Bioassessment of nonwadeable streams in the United States is increasing, but methods for these systems are not as well-developed as for wadeable streams. In this study, we compared six macroinvertebrate field sampling methods for nonwadeable streams adapted from those used by three major programs: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-Surface Waters, the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water Biocriteria Program. We performed all six methods at 60 sites across four rivers and measured water chemistry and physical habitat at each site to assess abiotic conditon. Sites were divided into two groups: those influenced by navigational lock and dam structures (restricted flow, or RF) and those free-flowing or with lowhead dams (run-of-the-river, or ROR). Metrics based on passive Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers differed greatly from active sampling methods (i.e., using nets) but represented abiotic conditions well in both ROR and RF sites. Although metric values were similar across certain sampling methods, the metrics significantly correlated with abiotic variables varied among methods and between ROR and RF sites. These results emphasize that methods are not interchangeable, and the ability to detect certain stressors depends on sampling method. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Blocksom, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martine Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM blocksom.karen@epa.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 102 IS 1-3 BP 243 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-6025-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907QY UT WOS:000227734200016 PM 15869189 ER PT J AU Flotemersch, JE Blocksom, KA AF Flotemersch, JE Blocksom, KA TI Electrofishing in boatable rivers: Does sampling design affect bioassessment metrics? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; biocriteria; biological criteria; boatable; electrofishing; fish surveys; large; monitoring; rivers ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; STREAM QUALITY; INDEX AB Data were collected from 60 boatable sites using an electrofishing design that permitted comparisons of the effects of designs and distances on fish assemblage metrics. Sites were classified a priori as Run-of-the-River (ROR) or Restricted Flow (RF). Data representing four different design options (i.e., 1000 and 2000 m for both single and paired banks) were extracted from the dataset and analyzed. Friedman tests comparing metric values among the designs detected significant differences for all richness metrics at both types of sites and for catch per unit effort and percent tolerant species at ROR sites. Richness metrics were generally higher for the two 2000-m designs than for the two 1000-m designs. When plotted against cumulative electrofishing distance, the percent change in metrics declined sharply within approximately 1000 m, after which metrics usually varied by less than 10%. These data demonstrate that designs electrofishing 1000 m of shoreline are sufficient for bioassessments on boatable rivers similar to those in this study, regardless of whether the shoreline is along a single bank or distributed equally among paired banks. However, at sites with depths greater than 4 m, it may be advisable to employ nighttime electrofishing or increase day electrofishing designs to 2000 m. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Flotemersch, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM flotemersch.joseph@epa.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 102 IS 1-3 BP 263 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-6026-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907QY UT WOS:000227734200017 PM 15869190 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Allen, PG Stevens, TH Weatherhead, D AF Murphy, JJ Allen, PG Stevens, TH Weatherhead, D TI A meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in stated preference valuation SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; experiments; hypothetical bias; meta-analysis; stated preference ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; ELICITATION PROCEDURES; PUBLIC-GOODS; VALUES; REAL; MECHANISMS; AUCTIONS; TESTS AB Individuals are widely believed to overstate their economic valuation of a good by a factor of two or three. This paper reports the results of a meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in 28 stated preference valuation studies that report monetary willingness-to-pay and used the same mechanism for eliciting both hypothetical and actual values. The papers generated 83 observations with a median ratio of hypothetical to actual value of only 1.35, and the distribution has severe positive skewness. We find that a choice-based elicitation mechanism is important in reducing bias. We provide some evidence that the use of student subjects may be a source of bias, but since this variable is highly correlated with group experimental settings, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. There is some weak evidence that bias increases when public goods are being valued, and that some calibration methods may be effective at reducing bias. However, results are quite sensitive to model specification, which will remain a problem until a comprehensive theory of hypothetical bias is developed. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Publ Policy & Adm, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, 80 Campus Ctr Way,Stockbridge Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM murphy@resecon.umass.edu NR 27 TC 275 Z9 279 U1 7 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s10640-004-3332-z PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907ED UT WOS:000227697300005 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Stevens, TH Weatherhead, D AF Murphy, JJ Stevens, TH Weatherhead, D TI Is cheap talk effective at eliminating hypothetical bias in a provision point mechanism? SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; experiments; hypothetical bias; voluntary contributions ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; PUBLIC-GOODS; VALUES; TESTS; PREFERENCES; PROGRAMS AB Significant difference between response to real and hypothetical valuation questions is often referred to as hypothetical bias. Some economists have had success with using "cheap talk" (which entails reading a script that explicitly highlights the hypothetical bias problem before participants make any decisions) as a means of generating unbiased responses in a referendum format. In this article, we test the robustness of cheap talk using a voluntary contribution mechanism with a provision point over a wide range of possible payment amounts. Our results confirm the existence of hypothetical bias, and suggest that cheap talk may eliminate hypothetical bias, but only for respondents facing higher payments. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Publ Policy & Adm, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Stockbridge Hall,80 Campus Ctr Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM murphy@resecon.umass.edu NR 28 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 327 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s10640-004-4224-y PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907ED UT WOS:000227697300006 ER PT J AU Zhang, WX Karn, B AF Zhang, WX Karn, B TI Nanoscale environmental science and technology: Challenges and opportunities SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zhang, WX (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 94A EP 95A DI 10.1021/es053197+ PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901BG UT WOS:000227257400001 PM 15787350 ER PT J AU Quinn, J Geiger, C Clausen, C Brooks, K Coon, C O'Hara, S Krug, T Major, D Yoon, WS Gavaskar, A Holdsworth, T AF Quinn, J Geiger, C Clausen, C Brooks, K Coon, C O'Hara, S Krug, T Major, D Yoon, WS Gavaskar, A Holdsworth, T TI Field demonstration of DNAPL dehalogenation using emulsified zero-valent iron SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the results of the first field-scale demonstration conducted to evaluate the performance of nanoscale emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI) injected into the saturated zone to enhance in situ dehalogenation of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) containing trichloroethene (TCE). EZVI is an innovative and emerging remediation technology. EZVI is a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable emulsion that forms emulsion droplets consisting of an oil-liquid membrane surrounding zerovalent iron (ZVI) particles in water. EZVI was injected over a five day period into eight wells in a demonstration test area within a larger DNAPL source area at NASA's Launch Complex 34 (LC34) using a pressure pulse injection method. Soil and groundwater samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to evaluate the changes in VOC mass, concentration and mass flux. Significant reductions in TCE soil concentrations (>80%) were observed at four of the six soil sampling locations within 90 days of EZVI injection. Somewhat lower reductions were observed at the other two soil sampling locations where visual observations suggest that most of the EZV1 migrated up above the target treatment depth. Significant reductions in TICE groundwater concentrations (57 to 100%) were observed at all depths targeted with EZVI. Groundwater samples from the treatment area also showed significant increases in the concentrations of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene. The decrease in concentrations of TICE in soil and groundwater samples following treatment with EZVI is believed to be due to abiotic degradation associated with the ZVI as well as biodegradation enhanced by the presence of the oil and surfactant in the EZVI emulsion, C1 NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. GeoSyntec Consultants Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Quinn, J (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Mail Stop YA-C3-C, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Jacqueline.W.Quinn@nasa.gov; tkrug@geosyntec.com NR 20 TC 204 Z9 220 U1 15 U2 117 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1318 DI 10.1021/es0490018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901BG UT WOS:000227257400025 PM 15787371 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S McKenney, CL AF Raimondo, S McKenney, CL TI Projected population-level effects of thiobencarb exposure on the mysid, Americamysis bahia, and extinction probability in a concentration-decay exposure system SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Americamysis bahia; thiobencarb; matrix models; cumulative extinction probability ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; MOLINATE; DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE; POLLUTANTS AB Population-level effects of the mysid, Americamysis bahia, exposed to varying thiobencarb concentrations were estimated using stage-structured matrix models. A deterministic density-independent matrix model estimated the decrease in population growth rate (lambda) with increasing thiobencarb concentration. An elasticity analysis determined that survival of middle stages provided the largest contribution to lambda. Decomposing the effects of lambda in terms of changes in the matrix components determined that reduced reproduction had a large influence on population dynamics at lower thiobencarb concentrations, whereas reduced survivorship had the largest impact on populations at higher concentrations. A simulation model of a concentration-decay system was developed to demonstrate the importance of integrating chemical half-life and management practices in determining population viability. In this model, mysids were originally exposed to a high thiobencarb concentration (300 mug/L) that decayed an order of magnitude in the number of mysid generations corresponding to thiobencarb half-life values under three different exposure regimes. Environmental stochasticity was added to the model to estimate the cumulative extinction probability of mysids exposed to fluctuating concentrations of thiobencarb in random environments. The cumulative extinction probability increased with thiobencarb half-life, stochasticity, and concentration present at the time of a new exposure. The model demonstrated the expansion of population projection models in determining the ecological impact of a population exposed to pesticides. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.1897/04-187R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900010 PM 15779755 ER PT J AU Roark, SA Nacci, D Coiro, L Champlin, D Guttman, SI AF Roark, SA Nacci, D Coiro, L Champlin, D Guttman, SI TI Population genetic structure of a nonmigratory estuarine fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) across a strong gradient of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fundulus sp.; allozymes; genetic diversity; adaptation; polychlorinated biphenyls ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; NONIMPACTED SUBPOPULATIONS; BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; EXPOSURE HISTORIES; SPATIAL VARIATION; BEDFORD HARBOR; EXPRESSION; SEDIMENTS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Populations of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus indigenous to contaminated sites exhibit heritable resistance to some of the toxic effects of early life-stage exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This evolved tolerance provides evidence of strong selection by PCBs, and it suggests other potential genetic effects of these stressors on resident populations. Environmental contaminants have the potential to affect the genetic structure of populations and to reduce genetic diversity, but species life-history traits, particularly patterns of migration and dispersal, also influence the distribution of genetic variation among populations. Therefore, the present was conducted to determine whether genetic diversity or genetic structure is altered in populations of F. heteroclitus indigenous to 18 sites in Massachusetts (USA) and Rhode Island (USA), representing a steep gradient of sediment PCB contamination and culminating in a Superfund site at New Bedford Harbor (NBH; MA, USA). Allele frequencies at enzymatic loci were used to assess genetic structure and diversity. Selection experiments using a highly toxic PCB congener (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) were conducted to determine if genetic patterns at field sites could be associated with contaminant exposures. Although allele frequencies clearly reflected a pattern of isolation by distance, the results indicated neither significant loss of genetic diversity nor alteration of allele frequencies for populations of F. heteroclitus in NBH. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Roark, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shaun.roark@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1897/03-687.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900029 PM 15779774 ER PT J AU Roark, SA Kelble, MA Nacci, D Champlin, D Coiro, L Guttman, SI AF Roark, SA Kelble, MA Nacci, D Champlin, D Coiro, L Guttman, SI TI Population genetic structure and tolerance to dioxin-like compounds of a migratory marine fish (Menidia menidia) at polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated and reference sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fundulus sp.; Menidia sp.; genetic diversity; adaptation; polychlorinated biphenyls ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MERCURY POLLUTION; B GENOTYPES; TOXICITY; ADAPTATION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; RESISTANCE; ALLOZYMES; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL AB The present study was conducted to evaluate evidence of genetic adaptation to local contaminants in populations of the migratory marine fish Menidia menidia residing seasonally in reference sites or an industrial harbor contaminated with dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). For this purpose, we compared DLC sensitivity and genetic patterns of populations sampled from sites both inside and outside New Bedford Harbor (NBH; MA, USA), a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site with extreme polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination. Offspring of M. menidia collected from NBH were significantly less sensitive regarding embryonic exposure to the dioxin-like PCB congener 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) than offspring of M. menidia from a reference site. Analysis of 10 polymorphic enzymatic loci indicated little genetic differentiation among populations in the study area. However, genotype frequencies of juveniles from both NBH and an adjacent site in Massachusetts exhibited significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations at one locus, phosphoglucomutase (PGM*). Genetic analysis of survivors of embryonic laboratory exposure to PCB 126 indicated that genotypes at PGM* were related to survivorship. Although a relationship was identified between DLC tolerance and PGM* genotype, regional mixing of M. menidia populations during migration and absence of multigeneration exposure at contaminated sites may limit localized adaptation. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Roark, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Athmospher Adm Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shaun.roark@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1897/03-688.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900030 PM 15779775 ER PT J AU Casey, M Gennings, C Carter, WH Moser, VC Simmons, JE AF Casey, M Gennings, C Carter, WH Moser, VC Simmons, JE TI D-S-optimal designs for studying combinations of chemicals using multiple fixed-ratio ray experiments SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE additivity; efficiency; interaction ID INHIBITION; MALATHION; MIXTURES; MODELS AB Detecting and characterizing interactions among chemicals is an important environmental issue. Traditional factorial designs become infeasible as the number of compounds under study increases. Ray designs, which reduce the amount of experimental effort, can be considered when interest is restricted to relevant mixing ratios. Simultaneous tests for departure from additivity across multiple fixed-ratio rays in the presence and absence of single chemical data have been developed. Tests for characterizing interactions among subsets of chemicals at relevant mixing ratios have also been developed. Of primary importance are precise estimates for the parameters associated with these hypotheses. Since the hypotheses of interest are stated in terms of subsets of parameters, we have developed a methodology for finding D-s-optimal designs, which are associated with the minimum generalized variance of subsets of the parameter vector, along fixed-ratio rays. We illustrate these methods by characterizing the interactions of five organophosphorus pesticides (full-ray) as well as a subset of pesticides (reduced-ray) on a measure of motor activity. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gennings, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, 1101 E Marshall St,B1-039-A, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gennings@hsc.vcu.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1002/env.666 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 911DA UT WOS:000227980500002 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Field, RW Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JI Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB AF Krewski, D Lubin, JH Zielinski, JM Alavanja, M Catalan, VS Field, RW Klotz, JB Letourneau, EG Lynch, CF Lyon, JI Sandler, DP Schoenberg, JB Steck, DJ Stolwijk, JA Weinberg, C Wilcox, HB TI Residential radon and risk of lung cancer - A combined analysis of 7 north American case-control studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR RADON; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; NONSMOKING WOMEN; GAS EXPOSURE; SWEDEN; MINERS; CHINA; FINLAND; GERMANY; ERRORS AB Background: Underground miners exposed to high levels of radon have an excess risk of lung cancer. Residential exposure to radon is at much lower levels, and the risk of lung cancer with residential exposure is less clear. We conducted a systematic analysis of pooled data from all North American residential radon studies. Methods: The pooling project included original data from 7 North American case-control studies, all of which used long-term a-track detectors to assess residential radon concentrations. A total of 3662 cases and 4966 controls were retained for the analysis. We used conditional likelihood regression to estimate the excess risk of lung cancer. Results: Odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer increased with residential radon concentration. The estimated OR after exposure to radon at a concentration of 100 Bq/m(3) in the exposure time window 5 to 30 years before the index date was 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.28). This estimate is compatible with the estimate of 1.12 (1.02-1.25) predicted by downward extrapolation of the miner data. There was no evidence of heterogeneity of radon effects across studies. There was no apparent heterogeneity in the association by sex, educational level, type of respondent (proxy or self), or cigarette smoking, although there was some evidence of a decreasing radon-associated lung cancer risk with age. Analyses restricted to subsets of the data with presumed more accurate radon dosimetry resulted in increased estimates of risk. Conclusions: These results provide direct evidence of an association between residential radon and lung cancer risk, a finding predicted using miner data and consistent with results from animal and in vitro studies. C1 Univ Ottawa, Inst Populat Hlth, McL Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hlth Canada, Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Washington, DC USA. Lakehead Univ, Ctr Excellence Children & Adolescents Special Nee, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Hlth Protect Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Utah, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Krewski, D (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Inst Populat Hlth, McL Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, 1 Stewart St,Room 320, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM dkrewski@uottawa.ca OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA85942]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES05695] NR 51 TC 258 Z9 282 U1 4 U2 34 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000152522.80261.e3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 898MF UT WOS:000227080200001 PM 15703527 ER PT J AU Rauscher, GH Sandler, DP AF Rauscher, GH Sandler, DP TI Validating cancer histories in deceased relatives SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPORTED FAMILY-HISTORY; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; ACCURACY; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; REGISTRY AB Background: A family history of cancer is a marker of familially shared genetic and environmental risk factors for cancer but is subject to inaccurate and biased reporting. Methods: In a case-control study of adult acute leukemia, we examined the accuracy of cancer reports in deceased first-degree relatives using death certificates and the National Death Index (NDI). We submitted information on 1058 deceased relatives to the NDI or civil vital statistics registries. Social security numbers were not available and identifying information was incomplete. Results: A death certificate was located for 70% of records sent to state registries but for only 32% of records submitted to the NDI. Death certificates confirmed 95% of relatives reported to be cancer-free and 83% of those reported to have any form of cancer. Confirmation of cancer of specific sites ranged from 50% for breast cancer and 54% for leukemia to 86% for prostate cancer. Conclusions: State searches may be preferable to the NDI when identifying information is incomplete. C1 Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rauscher, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, SPHPI M-C 923,1603 W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM garthr@uic.edu OI Rauscher, Garth/0000-0003-0374-944X; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09330-20, CA57699-06] NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000152521.18215.eb PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 898MF UT WOS:000227080200018 PM 15703544 ER PT J AU Lackey, RT AF Lackey, RT TI Economic growth and salmon recovery: An irreconcilable conflict? SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; FISHERIES C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lackey, RT (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lackey.robert@epa.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903RR UT WOS:000227443800007 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Ford, ES Kennedy, TP Hoidal, JR AF Ghio, AJ Ford, ES Kennedy, TP Hoidal, JR TI The association between serum ferritin and uric acid in humans SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE xanthine oxidase; iron; phlebotomy; oxidants; gout ID XANTHINE-OXIDASE ACTIVITY; IRON OVERLOAD; DEHYDROGENASE; EXPRESSION; POPULATION; DEPLETION; PROTEIN; URATE; GOUT; RATS AB Objective: Urate forms a coordination complex with Fe3+ which does not support electron transport. The only enzymatic source of urate is xanthine oxidoreductase. If a major purpose of xanthine oxidoreductase is the production of urate to function as an iron chelator and antioxidant, a system for coupling the activity of this enzyme to the availability of catalytically-active metal would be required. We tested the hypothesis that there is an association between iron availability and urate production in healthy humans by correlating serum concentrations of ferritin with uric acid levels. Materials and methods: The study population included 4932 females and 4794 males in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. They were 20 years of age or older and in good health. Results: Serum concentrations of ferritin correlated positively with uric acid levels in healthy individuals (R-2 = 0.41, p < 0.001). This association was independent of an effect of gender, age, race/ethnic group, body mass, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The relationship between serum ferritin and uric acid predicts hyperuricemia and gout in groups with iron accumulation. This elevation in the production of uric acid with increased concentrations of iron could possibly reflect a response of the host to diminish the oxidative stress presented by available metal as the uric acid assumes the empty or loosely bound coordination sites of the iron to diminish electron transport and subsequent oxidant generation. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1080/10715760400026088 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 913DH UT WOS:000228131300012 PM 15788238 ER PT J AU de Serres, FJ Blanco, I Fernandez-Bustillo, E AF de Serres, FJ Blanco, I Fernandez-Bustillo, E TI Health implications of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency in Sub-Sahara African countries and their emigrants in Europe and the New World SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency; PI subtypes; Sub-Sahara Africa; genetic epidemiology; indigenous populations; environmental health ID HETEROZYGOUS ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; LIVER-DISEASE; LUNG-FUNCTION; ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION-GENETICS; M SUBTYPES AB Purpose: To determine the frequencies of the protease inhibitor (PI) deficiency alleles of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT Deficiency) in indigenous populations in 12 countries in Sub-Sahara Africa because of their potential impact on the health in these populations with regard to the high risk for development of liver and lung disease. In addition, to discuss the unique susceptibility of these populations and emigrants to Europe and the New World to the adverse health effects associated with exposure to environmental microbes, chemicals, and particulates. Methods: Detailed statistical analysis of the 24 control cohort databases from genetic epidemiological studies by others were used to estimate the allele frequencies and prevalence for the two most common deficiency alleles PIS and PIZ and to estimate the numbers at risk in each of the local Sub-Sahara populations as well as those who have emigrated from these countries to Europe and the New World. Results: The present study has provided evidence for the presence of both PIS and PIZ in the general populations of Nigeria, Republic of South Africa, and Somalia, the PIS allele in Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Mozambique, Namibia, and the Republic of Congo, and only the PIZ allele in Mali. Conclusion: AAT Deficiency is found in both the Black and "Colored" populations in many of the Sub-Sahara countries in Africa, providing evidence for the presence of AAT Deficiency in such populations in Europe and in the New World. Such populations should be screened for AAT Deficiency and made aware of their unique susceptibility to exposure to chemical and particulate agents in the environment. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Hosp Valle Nalon, Resp Dis Branch, Sama De Langreo, Spain. Hosp Cent Asturias, Biostat Unit, Oviedo, Spain. RP de Serres, FJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Environm Toxicol Program, Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000156533.06057.89 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 908BG UT WOS:000227761600004 PM 15775753 ER PT J AU Geisler, SA Olshan, AF Cai, JW Weissler, M Smith, J Bell, D AF Geisler, SA Olshan, AF Cai, JW Weissler, M Smith, J Bell, D TI Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and survival from head and neck cancer SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Article DE longevity; cancer outcomes; genetics; squamous cell carcinoma ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; AERODIGESTIVE TRACT CANCERS; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; DNA-REPAIR; CYTOCHROME-P450 CYP2D6; SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTOR; XRCC1 POLYMORPHISMS; COMORBIDITY INDEX; RISK-FACTORS; ORAL-CANCER AB Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of polymorphisms of three genes involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) and one polymorphism of a DNA repair gene (XRCC1) for patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk of death for a prospective cohort of 190 patients. Results. Individuals with the GSTT1 functional genotype were twice as likely to die from any cause (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-4.97) and were three times as likely to die from SCC (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.33-8.41) after adjustment for age, primary therapy, and stage of disease. The XRCC1 399 Gln genotype was predictive of disease recurrence. Conclusions. Our findings, from one of the first studies to examine this research question, suggest that genomic markers of carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair capability may serve as prognostic indicators of disease recurrence and death. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Geisler, SA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, 611 SW Campus Dr,Mailcode SD544, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM geislest@ohsu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA61188]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES10126] NR 55 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD MAR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1002/hed.20141 PG 11 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 902AW UT WOS:000227324600008 PM 15668931 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Walls, I Zoetis, T AF Moser, VC Walls, I Zoetis, T TI Direct dosing of preweaning rodents in toxicity testing and research: Deliberations of an ILSI RSI Expert Working Group SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental; direct dosing; mice; preweaning; rats; safety assessment; toxicity ID ORGAN SYSTEM-DEVELOPMENT; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; ANIMAL-MODELS; RATS; GROWTH; BRAIN AB Laboratory animal studies designed to assess the effects of exposure of a test substance during postnatal development are commonly utilized in basic research and to evaluate potential hazard to children for chemical and pharmaceutical regulation. Direct dosing, defined here as the administration of a test substance directly to a preweaning mammal, has been identified as a useful tool that can be used in the conduct of such studies for regulatory purposes. The International Life Sciences Institute Risk Science Institute (ILSI RSI) convened an Expert Working Group to develop guidance on the design and implementation of direct dosing regulatory studies on preweaning mammals, which was published as an ILSI monograph in 2003 (Zoetis andWalls, Principles and Practices for Direct Dosing of Pre-Weaning Mammals in Toxicity Testing and Research, Washington, DC: ILSI Press, 2003). A summary of the Working Group conclusions regarding direct dosing studies with laboratory rodents are presented here, although the ILSI monograph also includes rabbits, canines, swine and nonhuman primates. Issues to be considered when designing the protocol include selection of the test species, the route of administration, dose levels, and the timing of dosing. Knowledge of the maturational status of the test species and information on critical windows of development are important in creating a valid study design. Most common routes of administration ( e. g., oral, inhalation, injection) are possible with typical laboratory species; however, adjustments may be necessary due to practical considerations. Information on the pharmacokinetic profile in young animals versus adults and in the test species versus humans is very useful for determining dosing parameters. The conduct of the study and the interpretation of the data will be improved by an understanding of confounding factors as well as statistical and biological issues specific for postnatal studies. Ultimately, the success of the study will depend upon careful preparation, including thorough training of the technical staff. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ILSI, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. SciLucent LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM moser.ginger@epa.gov OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1080/10915810590936355 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 929OQ UT WOS:000229355900003 PM 16036767 ER PT J AU Gruchalla, RS Pongracic, J Plaut, M Evans, R Visness, CM Walter, M Crain, EF Kattan, M Morgan, WJ Steinbach, S Stout, J Malindzak, G Smartt, E Mitchell, H AF Gruchalla, RS Pongracic, J Plaut, M Evans, R Visness, CM Walter, M Crain, EF Kattan, M Morgan, WJ Steinbach, S Stout, J Malindzak, G Smartt, E Mitchell, H TI Inner City Asthma Study: Relationships among sensitivity, allergen exposure, and asthma morbidity SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; allergen exposure; allergen sensitivity; morbidity; allergens; cockroach; dust mite; cat; dog ID RISK-FACTORS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; INDOOR ALLERGENS; COCKROACH ALLERGEN; MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; CAT ALLERGEN; CHILDREN; SENSITIZATION; SEVERITY; MITE AB Background: Asthma-associated morbidity is rising, especially in inner city children. Objective: We evaluated the allergen sensitivities, allergen exposures, and associated morbidity for participants in the Inner City Asthma Study. We also determined geographic variations of indoor allergen levels. Methods: Nine hundred thirty-seven inner city children 5 to 11 years old with moderate to severe asthma underwent allergen skin testing. Bedroom dust samples were evaluated for Der p 1, Der f 1, Bla g 1, Fel d 1, and Can f 1. Results: Skin test sensitivities to cockroach (69%), dust mites (62%), and molds (50%) predominated, with marked study site-specific differences. Cockroach sensitivity was highest in the Bronx, New York, and Dallas (81.2%, 78.7%, and 78.5%, respectively), and dust mite sensitivity was highest in Dallas and Seattle (83.7% and 78.0%, respectively). A majority of homes in Chicago, New York, and the Bronx had cockroach allergen levels greater than 2 U/g, and a majority of those in Dallas and Seattle had dust mite allergen levels greater than 2 mu g/g. Levels of both of these allergens were influenced by housing type. Cockroach allergen levels were highest in high-rise apartments, whereas dust mite allergen levels were highest in detached homes. Children who were both sensitive and exposed to cockroach allergen had significantly more asthma symptom days, more caretaker interrupted sleep, and more school days missed than children who were not sensitive or exposed. Conclusion: Geographic differences in allergen exposure and sensitivity exist among inner city children. Cockroach exposure and sensitivity predominate in the Northeast, whereas dust mite exposure and sensitivity are highest in the South and Northwest. Cockroach allergen appears to have a greater effect on asthma morbidity than dust mite or pet allergen in these children. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. NIAID, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Jacobi Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gruchalla, RS (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM Rebecca.Gruchalla@utsouthwestern.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00533]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39761, AI-39769, AI-39776, AI-39785, AI-39789, AI-39900, AI-39901, AI-39902] NR 22 TC 232 Z9 242 U1 0 U2 10 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.006 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 907AN UT WOS:000227687000007 PM 15753892 ER PT J AU Strader, L Jeffay, S Herring, A Olshan, A Bradley, L Smith, J Perreault, S AF Strader, L Jeffay, S Herring, A Olshan, A Bradley, L Smith, J Perreault, S TI Sperm count distributions in fertile men. SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY MAR 30-APR 05, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Androl C1 UNC, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 SU S MA 118 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 902CK UT WOS:000227328700118 ER PT J AU Forbes, GS Van Zee, JW Smith, W Whitford, WG AF Forbes, GS Van Zee, JW Smith, W Whitford, WG TI Desert grassland canopy arthropod species richness: temporal patterns and effects of intense, short-duration livestock grazing SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE arthropods; desert; insects; livestock grazing; shrub-removal; species richness ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NEW-MEXICO; PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; DESERTIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; ASTERACEAE; RESPONSES AB Arthropods living in the canopies of two woody shrub species (a sub-shrub (Gutierrezia sarothrae) and a large shrub (Prosopis glandulosa)) and perennial grasses plus associated herbaceous species, were sampled on 18, 0.5 hectare plots in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland for five consecutive years. Mesquite shrubs were removed from nine plots, six plots were grazed by yearling cattle in August and six plots were grazed in February for the last 3 years of the 5 year study. Arthropod species richness ranged between 154 and 353 on grasses, from 120 to 266 on G. sarothrae, and from 69 to 116 on P. glandulosa. There was a significant relationship between the number of families of insects on grass and G. sarothrae and growing season rainfall but species richness was not a function of growing season rainfall on any of the plants. Several of the arthropod families that were the most species rich in this grassland were found on all of the plants sampled, i.e. Salticid spiders, Bruchid and Curculionid beetles, Cicadellid and Psyllid homopterans, and ants (Formicidae). There were more species rich families that were shared by grasses and the sub-shrub G. sarothrae than with mesquite. The absence of a relationship between growing season rainfall and species richness was attributed to variation in life history characteristics of arthropods and to the non-linear responses of annual and perennial desert grassland plants to rainfall. There were no significant differences in insect family or species richness on any of the plant types as a result of removal of mesquite (P. glandulosa) from selected plots. Intense, short duration (24 h) grazing by livestock during in late summer resulted in reduced species richness in the grass-herb vegetation layer but had no effect on insect species richness on snakeweed or mesquite shrubs. Livestock grazing in winter had no effect on insect species richness on any of the vegetation sampled. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept 3JER, USDA ARS, Journada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, ORD, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89195 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept 3JER, USDA ARS, Journada Expt Range, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 627 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.07.004 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889PP UT WOS:000226455200007 ER PT J AU Mekenyan, O Pavlov, T Grancharov, V Todorov, M Schmieder, P Veith, G AF Mekenyan, O Pavlov, T Grancharov, V Todorov, M Schmieder, P Veith, G TI 2D-3D migration of large chemical inventories with conformational multiplication. Application of the genetic algorithm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LIGANDS; ALPHA BINDING-AFFINITY; QSAR EVALUATION; DYNAMIC QSAR; FLEXIBILITY; MODEL AB Mathematical chemistry has afforded a variety of research areas with important tools to understand and predict the behavior of chemicals without having to consider the complexities of three-dimensional conformations of molecules. Predictive toxicology, all area of increasing importance to toxicity assessments critical to molecular design and risk management, must be based on more explicit descriptions of structure, however. Minimum energy conformations are often used for convenience due, in part, to the difficulty of computing a representative Population of conformers in all but rigid structures. Such simplifying assumptions fail to reveal the variance of the stereoelectronic nature of molecules as well as the misclassification of chemicals which initiate receptor-based toxicity pathways. Because these errors impact both the Success ill discovering new lead and the identification of possible hazards, it is important that mathematical chemistry develop additional tools for conformational analysis. This paper presents a new system for automated 2D-3D migration of chemicals in large databases with conformer multiplication. The main advantages of this system are its straightforward performance, reasonable execution time, simplicity and applicability to building large 3D chemical inventories. The module for conformer multiplication within the 2D-3D migration system is based oil a new formulation of the genetic algorithm for computing populations of possible conformers. b The performance of the automated 2D-3D migration system in building a centralized 3D database for all chemicals in commerce worldwide is discussed. The applicability of the 3D database in assessing the impact of molecular flexibility on identifying active conformers in QSAR analysis and assessing similarity between chemicals is illustrated. C1 Univ Assen Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Int QSAR Fdn Reduce Anim Testing, Two Harbors, MN USA. RP Mekenyan, O (reprint author), Univ Assen Zlatarov, Lab Math Chem, Burgas 8010, Bulgaria. EM omekenya@btu.bg NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1021/ci0498463 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 911PZ UT WOS:000228018000009 PM 15807489 ER PT J AU Khodadoust, AP Lei, L Antia, JE Bagchi, R Suidan, MT Tabak, HH AF Khodadoust, AP Lei, L Antia, JE Bagchi, R Suidan, MT Tabak, HH TI Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aged harbor sediments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; SOILS; DESORPTION; HYSTERESIS; MODEL AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of hydrophobic organic contaminants which have low aqueous solubilities and are common pollutants in harbor sediments. Adsorption and desorption isotherms for PAHs are conducted to study the abiotic sorption of PAHs in uncontaminated harbor sediments in contact with the natural overlaying water. Representative 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs are used to obtain PAH adsorption/desorption data. Linear adsorption onto sediment is obtained for the following PAHs: Naphthalene and 2-methyl naphthalene (2 ring), acenaphthene, anthracene, and phenanthrene (3 ring), and fluoranthene and pyrene (4 ring). Linear adsorption is followed by a significant hysteresis in desorption from sediment, due to strong retention by the aged sediment organic carbon. Sediment organic carbon-water partition coefficients (log K-oc) for the seven PAHs range from 2.49 to 4.63. Based on the sorption data for these representative PAHs, sediment organic carbon-water partition coefficients may be predicted for other PAH compounds, particularly the less soluble and the more hydrophobic PAHs (5 or more rings). C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Khodadoust, AP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:3(403) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898UH UT WOS:000227101200009 ER PT J AU Li, LY Johnson, B Segawa, R AF Li, LY Johnson, B Segawa, R TI Empirical relationship between use, area, and ambient air concentration of methyl bromide SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; FUMIGATIONS; CH3BR; FIELD; SOIL AB Methyl bromide (MeBr) is one of the most widely used soil fumigants. Human exposure to MeBr above threshold values can cause serious health problems. The exposure assessment of MeBr depends on estimation or measurement of its air concentrations. This study proposed a methodology for systematically exploring the empirical relationship between MeBr use intensity and ambient air concentrations. Monitored air concentrations were regressed to MeBr use over various spatiotemporal scales that step-wise increased around the monitoring site and monitoring period. The results showed that the goodness-of-fit varied with the spatiotemporal scale of MeBr use. The best fit was Y = 0.46 + 0.00120X (R-2 = 0.95, n = 11), where Y was the 8-wk average ambient air concentration (mu g/m(3)), and X was the weekly average use (kg/wk) over an area of 11.3 x 11.3 km (7 X 7 mi). The model was calibrated with air-monitoring data and use data of 20001, and verified with the same type data of 2001. The model estimated subchronic air concentration with reasonable accuracy. C1 US EPA, Environm Monitoring Branch, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. RP Li, LY (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Monitoring Branch, Dept Pesticide Regulat, POB 4015, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. EM lli@cdpr.ca.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 420 EP 428 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911OV UT WOS:000228014800004 PM 15758093 ER PT J AU Brooks, MC Wise, WR AF Brooks, MC Wise, WR TI Quantifying uncertainty due to random errors for moment analyses of breakthrough curves SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE random errors; uncertainty; breakthrough curve; moments; trapezoidal rule ID RANDOM-VARIABLES; PROPAGATION AB The uncertainty in moments calculated from breakthrough curves (BTCs) is investigated as a function of random measurement errors in the data used to define the BTCs. The method presented assumes moments are calculated by numerical integration using the trapezoidal rule, and is theoretically applicable to moments of any order. Moreover, the method is applicable to either temporal or volumetric moments, and in the latter case, explicitly accounts for errors in volume measurements. The complexity of the calculations for the zeroth moment is comparable to that associated with the typical propagation-of-errors formula based on a Taylor series expansion. However, the formulae for higher moments are substantially more complex than the typical propagation-of-errors formula. For the zeroth and normalized first moments, moment uncertainties are more sensitive to random errors in concentration measurements compared to random errors in volume measurements. The robust nature of moment calculations is exemplified by the fact that relative uncertainty in moments is less than the relative error in volume and concentration measurements. Furthermore, moment uncertainty decreases as more data points are collected to define the BTC. For a BTC (based upon the solution to the one-dimensional advective-dispersion equation with a Peclet number of 10) with 100 data points, the zeroth moment and normalized first moment coefficient of variations are approximately 6 and 2%, respectively, for concentration coefficient of variation equal to 25% over a range of volume errors. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, Kerr Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Wise, WR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM brooks.michael@epa.gov; bwise@ufl.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 303 IS 1-4 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 906TV UT WOS:000227667300011 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J Hawkins, CP Larsen, DP Herlihy, AT AF Van Sickle, J Hawkins, CP Larsen, DP Herlihy, AT TI A null model for the expected macroinvertebrate assemblage in streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE predictive model; precision; O/E; RIVPACS; bioassessment ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; RUNNING-WATER SITES; GREAT-BRITAIN; FAUNA; PREDICTION; QUALITY; BIOASSESSMENTS; CLASSIFICATION; ECOREGIONS; STRENGTHS AB Predictive models such as River InVertebrate Prediction And Classification System (RIVPACS) and AUStralian RIVer Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) model the natural variation across geographic regions in the Occurrences of macroinvertebrate taxa in data from streams that are in reference condition, i.e., minimally altered by human-caused stress. The models predict the expected number of these taxa at any stream site, assuming that site also is in reference condition. A significant difference between the ratio of observed (O) and expected (E) taxa (O/E) and 1.0 indicates that the site is not in reference condition. The standard deviation (SD) of O/E values estimated for a set of reference sites is a measure of predictive-model precision, with a small SD indicating that the model accounts for much of the variability in E that is associated with natural factors such as stream size and elevation. We propose a null model for E that assumes fixed occurrence probabilities for individual taxa across reference sites. The null model explains none of the variability in E caused by natural factors, so the SE) of its O/E predictions is the upper limit attainable by any predictive model. We also derive a theoretical lower limit for SD of O/E that is caused only by replicate-sampling variation among predictions from a perfect model. Together, the null-model and replicate-sampling SDs estimate the minimum and maximum precision, respectively, attainable by any predictive model for a given set of reference-site data. A predictive model built from data at 86 reference sites in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region, USA, had SD = 0.18 for O/E across those sites, while the corresponding null model had SD = 0.20, indicating relatively little gain from the predictive-model effort. In contrast, a model built from 209 sites in North Carolina, USA, had predictive- and null-model SDs of 0.13 and 0.28, respectively, indicating that the North Carolina predictive model had relatively high gain in precision over the null model. Replicate-sampling SDs of O/E for the Mid-Atlantic and North Carolina data were 0.09 and 0.11, respectively, Suggesting that the North Carolina predictive model had little room for further improvement, in contrast to the Mid-Atlantic model. The precisions of null-model estimates were lower than those of predictive models, so null models somewhat underestimated the percentages of 447 and 1773 test assemblages from the Mid-Atlantic region and North Carolina, respectively, that differed significantly from reference conditions. The estimates illustrate how a simple and easily built null model provides a lower bound for the prevalence of impaired streams within a region. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM vansickle.john@epa.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; larsen.phil@epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epa.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 NR 31 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 178 EP 191 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024<0178:ANMFTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899MZ UT WOS:000227149900013 ER PT J AU Naviaux, RK Chan, SSL Nguyen, KV Copeland, WC AF Naviaux, RK Chan, SSL Nguyen, KV Copeland, WC TI A novel U-to-G mRNA editing event in POLG corrects a lethal stop codon in Alpers syndrome. SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Inherited-Metabolic-Disorders (SIMD 2005) CY MAR 06-09, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Genzyme Corp, Mead Johnson Nutr, NIDDK, NIH, Off Rare Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ucyclyd Pharma, Actelion Pharmaceut US Inc, Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, SHS N Amer, Appl Biosyst, Appl Nutr Corp, BioMarin Pharmaceut Inc, Milupa N Amer, Vitaflo, Biochrom Inc, Cambrooke Foods, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Natl Urea Cycle Defects Fdn, Pickering Labs Inc, Rare Dis Therapeut Inc, Sigma Tau Pharmaceut, Transkarot Therapies Inc C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Mitochondrial & Metab Dis Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Mitochondrial & Metab Dis Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 232 EP 232 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 906NH UT WOS:000227648400084 ER PT J AU Stauber, AJ Brown-Borg, H Liu, J Waalkes, MP Laughter, A Staben, RA Coley, JC Swanson, C Voss, KA Kopchick, JJ Corton, JC AF Stauber, AJ Brown-Borg, H Liu, J Waalkes, MP Laughter, A Staben, RA Coley, JC Swanson, C Voss, KA Kopchick, JJ Corton, JC TI Constitutive expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-regulated genes in dwarf mice SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; PPAR-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; TARGETED DISRUPTION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; DOWN-REGULATION; BETA-OXIDATION; CROSS-TALK AB Defects in growth hormone secretion or signaling in mice are associated with decreased body weights (dwarfism), increased longevity, increased resistance to stress, and decreases in factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Peroxisome proliferators (PP) alter a subset of these changes in wild-type mice through activation of the nuclear receptor family member PP-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). We tested the hypothesis that an overlap in the transcriptional programs between untreated dwarf mice and PP-treated wild-type mice underlies these similarities. Using transcript profiling, we observed a statistically significant overlap in the expression of genes differentially regulated in control Snell dwarf mice (Pit-1(dw)) compared with phenotypically normal heterozygote (+/-dw) control mice and those altered by the PP 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinyl) thioacetic acid (WY-14,643) in +/-dw mice. The genes included those involved in beta- and omega-oxidation of fatty acids (Acox1, Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14) and those involved in stress responses ( the chaperonin, T-complex protein1epsilon) and cardiovascular disease (fibrinogen). The levels of some of these gene products were also altered in other dwarf mouse models, including Ames, Little, and growth hormone receptor-null mice. The constitutive increases in PPARalpha-regulated genes may be partly caused by increased expression of PPARalpha mRNA and protein as observed in the livers of control Snell dwarf mice. These results indicate that some of the beneficial effects associated with the dwarf phenotype may be caused by constitutive activation of PPARalpha and regulated genes. C1 CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND USA. NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. Ohio Univ, Biotechnol Inst, Coll Osteopath Med & Edison, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH USA. ToxicoGenom, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), Eli Lilly Co, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. EM ccorton@msn.com NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1124/mol.104.007278 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 898JA UT WOS:000227071900014 PM 15576629 ER PT J AU Qu, W Liu, J Fuquay, R Shimoda, R Sakurai, T Saavedra, JE Keefer, LK Waalkes, MP AF Qu, W Liu, J Fuquay, R Shimoda, R Sakurai, T Saavedra, JE Keefer, LK Waalkes, MP TI The nitric oxide prodrug, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against cadmium toxicity and apoptosis at the cellular level SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE V-PYRRO/NO; cadmium; apoptotic resistance; in vitro; liver cells ID INDUCED MALIGNANT-TRANSFORMATION; INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; KINASE JNK/SAPK; REGULATORY ROLE; METALLOTHIONEIN; ACTIVATION; DONOR; CELLS; MICE AB The liver is an important target tissue of cadmium. The compound O-2-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2 diolate (V-PYRRO/NO) is a fiver-selective nitric oxide (NO) prodrug that is metabolized by hepatic P450 enzymes to release NO in hepatocytes. In vivo. V-PYRRO/NO call protect against the toxicity of various hepatotoxicants, including cadmium. Since NO is an effective vasodilator, whether this protective effect against cadmium toxicity is M the level of the hepatic vascular system or actually within the liver cells has not been defined. Thus, we studied the effects of V-PYRRO/NO pretreatment oil cadmium-induced toxicity and apoptosis in cultured rat liver epithelial (TRL 1215) cells. Cells were pretreated with V-PYRRO/NO at 500 or 1000 mu M for up to 24 h then exposed to cadmium (as CdCl2) for additional 24 h and cytotoxicity was measured. Cadmium was significantly less cytotoxic in V-PYRRO/NO (1000 mu M) pretreated cells (LC50 = 6.1 +/- 0.6 mu M) compared to control cells (LC50 = 3.5 +/- 0.4 mu M). TRL 1215 cells acted upon the prodrug to release NO. producing nitrite levels in the extracellular media after 24 It of exposure to 500 or 1000 mu M V-PYRRO/NO measured at 87.0 +/- 4.2 and 324 +/- 14.8 PM, respectively, compared to basal levels of 7.70 +/- 0.46 mu M. V-PYRRO/NO alone produced small increases in metallothionein (MT) a metal-binding, protein associated with cadmium tolerance. However, V-PYRRO/NO pretreatment greatly enhanced cadmium induction of MT. V-PYRRO/NO pretreatment also markedly reduced apoptotic cell death induced by cadmium (5 mu M) apparently by blocking cadmium-induced activation Or the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Thus, the prodrug, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against the adverse effects of cadmium directly within rat liver cells apparently through generation of NO and, at least in part, by facilitation of cadmium-induced MT synthesis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NCI, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), NCI, Inorgan Carcinogenesis Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014 OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.niox.2005.01.005 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 906DO UT WOS:000227620900007 PM 15740985 ER PT J AU Silva, RG Jorgensen, EE Holub, SM Gonsoulin, ME AF Silva, RG Jorgensen, EE Holub, SM Gonsoulin, ME TI Relationships between culturable soil microbial populations and gross nitrogen transformation processes in a clay loam soil across ecosystems SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE gross ammonium consumption; gross nitrification; gross nitrogen mineralization; microbial populations; N-15 ID N-15 ISOTOPIC DILUTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; POOL DILUTION; MINERALIZATION RATES; N MINERALIZATION; CROP RESIDUES; NITRIFICATION; GRASSLAND; BIOMASS; CARBON AB The size and quality of the soil organic matter (SOM) pool can vary between ecosystems and can affect many soil properties. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between gross N transformation rates and microbial populations and to investigate the role that SOM plays in these factors. In our study, culturable microbial and actinomycete populations were positively correlated with gross mineralization and ammonium (NH4+) consumption rates over time in both ecosystems. These correlations provide evidence that microbial plate counts could be a good representation of all microbes responsible for gross mineralization and gross NH4+ consumption. Rates of gross mineralization, nitrification and NH4+ consumption were significantly greater in forest soil than old-field soil. These greater rates in forest soil could be due to the presence of higher levels of readily transferable substrates in SOM. Gross nitrification rates were considerably lower than gross mineralization and NH4+ consumption rates over the experimental period, indicating heterotrophic uptake of NH4+ rather than use by autotrophic nitrifiers under soil and environmental conditions in this study. Additionally, microbial populations were significantly (p < 0.01) greater in forest soil than in old-field soil, which could also be related to the higher level of SOM in the forest soil. Net mineralization and nitrification rates were similar between ecosystems. Results also showed that net rates were highly correlated to each other, but were not correlated with culturable microbes or gross N transformation rates, indicating the isolation of net rates in relation to fundamental controlling factors. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Silva, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM silva.gunadasa@epa.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10705-004-6378-y PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 933KO UT WOS:000229627500005 ER PT J AU Ferraro, SP AF Ferraro, SP TI Red-letter days SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LONG ISLAND SOUND; FISHES; EGGS C1 US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ferraro, SP (reprint author), US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM FERRAR0.STEVEN@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-5770 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1086/431020 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 912NI UT WOS:000228085300003 PM 15884731 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Whitehurst, ME Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG AF Brown, JW Whitehurst, ME Gordon, CJ Carroll, RG TI Thermoregulatory set point decreases after hemorrhage in rats SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; shock; hypothermia; behavioral; thermoregulation; anapyrexia ID BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; MODERATE HYPOTHERMIA; BODY TEMPERATURE; FIRING RATE; HEAT-LOSS; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; HYPOXIA; NEURONS; SHOCK AB Hemorrhage in rats causes a drop in body core temperature that is proportional to the hemorrhage volume. We tested the hypothesis that the hemorrhagic hypothermia is due to a downward shift in the thermoregulatory set point. If so, rats subjected to hemorrhage would prefer a cooler ambient temperature to enhance heat loss during the posthemorrhage period. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with carotid arterial catheters and biotelemetry temperature probes. Two days later, rats were placed in a temperature gradient chamber that allowed the rat to move between ambient temperatures of 15degreesC to 40degreesC. Rat location within the gradient was recorded as the selected ambient temperature. After 48 h, a 24 mL/kg hemorrhage was induced via the carotid cannula followed by a 24-h recovery period in the gradient. Body core and selected ambient temperatures significantly decreased after hemorrhage. Within 50 min, selected ambient temperature decreased by 11degreesC, and returned to normal 100 min after hemorrhage. Within 80 min after hemorrhage, core temperature decreased by 2.3degreesC, and returned to normal by 8 h after hemorrhage. Expanded analysis of the first hour after hemorrhage showed that reduction in selected ambient temperature preceded the drop in body core temperature. Importantly, the decrease in selected ambient temperature persisted even during the peak decrease in body core temperature. These results indicate that a decrease in thermoregulatory set point contributes to the drop in body core temperature after hemorrhage. C1 E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Carroll, RG (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM carrollr@mail.ecu.edu OI Carroll, Robert/0000-0002-3965-287X NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1097/01.shk.0000152972.78297.72 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 901PS UT WOS:000227295000007 PM 15718921 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Perreault, SD Bremser, K Marshall, RS Murr, A Cooper, RL AF Stoker, TE Perreault, SD Bremser, K Marshall, RS Murr, A Cooper, RL TI Acute exposure to molinate alters neuroendocrine control of ovulation in the rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE molinate; luteinizing hormone surge; gonadotropin releasing hormone; ovulation; prolactin; estrous cyclicity ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; FEMALE RATS; DELAYED OVULATION; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; MAMMALIAN OVA; OVERRIPENESS; PESTICIDES; DISRUPTS; ATRAZINE; ASSAY AB Molinate, a thiocarbamate herbicide, has been reported to impair reproductive capability in the male rat and alter pregnancy outcome in a two-generation study. Published data are lacking on the effects of acute exposure to molinate in the female. Based on this work and our previous observations with related dithiocarbamate compounds, we hypothesized that a single exposure to molinate during the critical window for the neural trigger of ovulation on the day of proestrus (PRO) would block the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and delay ovulation. To examine the effect of molinate on the LH surge, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were implanted with Silastic capsules containing estradiol benzoate to mimic physiological levels on proestrus. Doses of 25 and 50 mg/ kg molinate significantly suppressed LH and prolactin secretion. Intact regularly cycling females gavaged with 0, 25, or 50 mg/ kg molinate at 1300 h on PRO were examined on estrus or estrus +1 day for the presence of oocytes in the oviduct. All control females had oocytes in the oviduct on estrus. Molinate doses of 6.25 to 50 mg/ kg delayed ovulation for 24 h. Estrous cyclicity was examined after daily exposure to 50 mg/ kg (21 days). Estrous cyclicity was irregular in the molinate group, showing extended days in estrus. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether molinate blocked the LH surge via a central nervous system (CNS) mode of action or via an alteration in pituitary response. In the first experiment, we evaluated the release of LH in control and molinate-treated rats after a bolus dose of exogenous GnRH. Luteinizing hormone release was comparable in the two groups, suggesting that the effect of molinate is centrally mediated. To further examine the potential role of the CNS, we examined the pulsatile release of LH present in the long-term OVX females. In this model, the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion is directly correlated with GnRH release from the hypothalamus. A significant decrease in the LH pulse frequency was observed in molinate-treated females. These results indicate that molinate is able to delay ovulation by suppressing the LH surge on the day of proestrus and that the brain is the primary target site for the effects on pituitary hormone secretion. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reprod Toxicol Div, Gamete & Early Embryo Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stoker, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM stoker.tammy@epa.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi064 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 899GX UT WOS:000227134000006 PM 15601673 ER PT J AU Shtrasburg, S Gal, R Gruys, E Perl, S Martin, BM Kaplan, B Koren, R Nyska, A Pras, M Livneh, A AF Shtrasburg, S Gal, R Gruys, E Perl, S Martin, BM Kaplan, B Koren, R Nyska, A Pras, M Livneh, A TI An ancillary tool for the diagnosis of amyloid A amyloidosis in a variety of domestic and wild animals SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AA amyloidosis; amyloid A; amyloid-enhancing factor; animal model; N-terminal sequence analysis; reactive amyloidosis; the Shtrasburg method ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUES; REACTIVE AMYLOIDOSIS; ENHANCING FACTOR; SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS; ACINONYX-JUBATUS; PROTEIN-AA; DEPOSITION; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Immunohistochemistry, the standard method for diagnosing amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, is limited in animals because it requires a large array of animal-specific anti-AA antibodies, not commercially available. The Shtrasburg method (SH method) is a highly specific and sensitive technique, helping in the diagnosis and determination of AA amyloidosis in humans. The aim of this study is to determine whether the SH method is applicable in the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a variety of animals. Tissue samples were obtained from animals suffering from spontaneous or experimentally induced AA amyloidosis (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, cheetahs, cats, cows, ducks, a dog, a goose, a chicken, and a turaco). Detection of the amyloid and quantitative evaluation were performed using Congo red staining, and specific AA typing was performed by the potassium permangoanate technique. The studied tissues were subjected to the SH method, which confirmed the AA nature of the amyloid deposit, by displaying in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein bands consistent with the molecular weight of the species-specific AA, in all the animals examined, except mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs. N-terminal analysis of these bands corroborated their AA origin. We conclude that the SH method may be used as an ancillary simple tool for the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a large number of domestic and wild animals. Moreover, our findings further increase the feasibility of applying this method in humans. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Univ Utrecht, Dept Vet Pathol, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Kimron Vet Inst, Bet Dagan, Israel. NIMH, Toxicol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth & Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Shtrasburg, S (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. EM shmuels@sheba.health.gov.il NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1354/vp.42-2-132 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 901RU UT WOS:000227300400003 PM 15753466 ER PT J AU Krasner, SW Wright, JM AF Krasner, SW Wright, JM TI The effect of boiling water on disinfection by-product exposure SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disinfection by-products; trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids; haloketones; haloacetonitriles; boiling water ID DRINKING-WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; TAP WATER; CHLORINATION; TRIHALOMETHANES; CHLOROFORM; TEMPERATURE; RISK AB Chloraminated and chlorinated waters containing bromide were used to determine the impact of boiling on disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrations. No significant changes were detected in the concentrations of the dihalogenated haloacetic acids (DXAAs) (i.e., dichloro-, bromochloro-, dibromoacetic acid) upon boiling of chloraminated water, whereas the levels of the trihalogenated haloacetic acids (TXAAs) (i.e., trichloro- (TCAA), bromodichloro- (BDCAA), dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA)) decreased over time (e.g., 9-37% for TCAA). Increased DXAA concentrations (58-68%) were detected in the boiled chlorinated sample, which likely resulted from residual chlorine reacting with DXAA precursors. TCAA concentration was unchanged after boiling chlorinated water for 1 min, but a 30% reduction was observed after 5 min of boiling. BDCAA concentrations decreased 57% upon boiling for 1 min and were completely removed after 2 min of boiling, whereas DBCAA was removed after boiling chlorinated water for 1 min. Trihalomethane concentrations were reduced in both chloraminated (74-98%) and chlorinated (64-98%) water upon boiling. Boiling chloraminated water for 1 min reduced chloroform concentration by 75%. Chloroform was reduced by only 34% in chlorinated water after a 1 min boil, which indicates that simultaneous formation and volatilization of chloroform was occurring. Most of the remaining DBPs (e.g. haloketones, chloral hydrate, haloacetonitriles) were removed by at least 90% after 1 min of boiling in both samples. These data suggest that other mechanisms (e.g., hydrolysis) may have been responsible for removal of the non-volatile DBPs and further highlight the importance of examining individual species when estimating thermal effects on DBP concentrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. MWDSC, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-A130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov NR 34 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 908YF UT WOS:000227825400014 PM 15743631 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, P Dutari, G Weingeist, D Adin, A Haught, R Biswas, P AF Kulkarni, P Dutari, G Weingeist, D Adin, A Haught, R Biswas, P TI Capture of water-borne colloids in granular beds using external electric fields: improving removal of Cryptosporidium parvum SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; granular filtration; electrostatic filtration; granular filter models ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT; FIBROUS MEDIA; FILTRATION; OOCYSTS; GIARDIA; FILTERS; ELECTROFILTRATION; PARTICLES; OUTBREAK AB Suboptimal coagulation in water treatment plants often results in reduced removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by several orders of magnitude (J. AWWA 94(6) (2002) 97, J. AWWA 93(12) (2001) 64). The effect of external electric field on removal of C parvum oocysts in packed granular beds was studied experimentally. A cylindrical configuration of electrodes, with granular media in the annular space was used. A negative DC potential was applied to the central electrode. No coagulants or flocculants were used and filtration was performed with and without application of an electric field to obtain improvement in removal efficiency. Results indicate that removal of C parvum increased from 10% to 70% due to application of field in fine sand media and from 30% to 96% in MAGCHEM (TM) media. All other test particles (Kaolin and polystyrene latex microspheres) used in the study also exhibited increased removal in the presence of an electric field. Single collector efficiencies were also computed using approximate trajectory analysis, modified to account for the applied external electric field. The results of these calculations were used to qualitatively explain the trends in the experimental observations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Div Environm Engn & Sci, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Biswas, P (reprint author), Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, Campus Box 1180, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM pratim.biswas@seas.wustl.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.026 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 910LM UT WOS:000227932900010 PM 15766959 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA McWilliams, SR AF McKinney, RA McWilliams, SR TI A new model to estimate daily energy expenditure for wintering waterfowl SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREEN-WINGED TEAL; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; BLACK DUCKS; BREEDING-SEASON; BIRDS; TIME; ENERGETICS; COSTS; LOUISIANA; MALLARDS AB Current models to estimate daily energy expenditure (DEE) for free-living birds are limited to either those that use fixed thermoregulatory costs or those that more accurately estimate thermoregulatory costs, but require extensive and often logistically difficult measurements. Here, we propose a model based on basal metabolic rate (BMR), activity budgets, and site-specific energetic costs of thermoregulation that requires only simple measures of ambient temperature and wind speed to provide estimates of DEE. We use the model to calculate the DEE of Buffleheads (Bucephola albeola) wintering at six habitats that afford differing degrees of protection from exposure within Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Bufflehead activity budget data collected during the winters of 2001-2002 and 2002-2003, along with average temperatures and wind speeds at the sites, were used to calculate DEE that ranged from 46.9 to 52.4 kJ/hr and increased with increasing wind speed. The energetic cost of thermoregulation composed as much as 28% of total DEE and increased with wind speed. Our DEE values were 13.4% higher, and thermoregulatory costs were up to 2x higher than those calculated using an existing model that incorporates fixed thermoregulatory costs. We also saw an increase in feeding activity with increasing wind speed; sensitivity analysis of the effects of wind speed and feeding activity showed that a 1 m/sec increase in wind speed at our sites increased DEE by 2.5%, whereas a corresponding increase in feeding activity increased DEE by 4.5%. This suggests that in temperate winter habitats, increased feeding activity may have a greater impact on Bufflehead DEE than wind exposure. Site-specific model estimates of DEE could also provide additional insight into the relative contribution of environmental conditions and changes in waterfowl behavior to DEE. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Ecol, Narragansett, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Ecol, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02881 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov RI McWilliams, Scott/B-8728-2013 OI McWilliams, Scott/0000-0002-9727-1151 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1676/04-060 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941BD UT WOS:000230188700006 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Varma, RS AF Kim, YJ Varma, RS TI Microwave-assisted preparation of imidazolium-based tetrachloroindate(III) and their application in the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave irradiation; ionic liquid; tetrahydropyranylation; imidazolium-based tetrachloroindate ID IONIC LIQUIDS; OXIDATIVE CARBONYLATION; CATALYTIC REACTIONS; PROPYLENE-OXIDE; CO2; SOLVENTS AB Microwave-assisted preparation of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroindate(III), [Rmim][InCl4] (R = methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl) and their application as recyclable catalysts for the efficient and eco-friendly protection of alcohols to form tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers are described. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 29 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1467 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.025 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 898YG UT WOS:000227111500017 ER PT J AU Plitnick, LM Loveless, SE Ladics, GS Holsapple, MP Smialowicz, RJ Woolhiser, MR Anderson, PK Smith, C Selgrade, MJK AF Plitnick, LM Loveless, SE Ladics, GS Holsapple, MP Smialowicz, RJ Woolhiser, MR Anderson, PK Smith, C Selgrade, MJK TI Cytokine mRNA profiles for isocyanates with known and unknown potential to induce respiratory sensitization SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiratory sensitizers; ribonuclease protection assay; cytokines; Th1 and Th2 cells; hypersensitivity; diisocyanate ID TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE TDI; LYMPH-NODE CELLS; CHEMICAL ALLERGENS; GUINEA-PIGS; DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE; PULMONARY HYPERSENSITIVITY; HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE; IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION; ISOPHORONE DIISOCYANATE; CONTACT SENSITIVITY AB Isocyanates are low-molecular-weight chemicals implicated in allergic asthmatic-type reactions. Identification of chemicals likely to cause asthma is difficult due to the lack of a validated test method. One hypothesis is that differential cytokine induction (Th1 versus Th2 profiles) in the draining lymph node following dermal application can be used to identify asthmagens and distinguish them from contact allergens. In this study, we compared the cytokine mRNA profiles of six chemicals: toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (HMDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), p-tolyl(mono)isocyanate (TMI), and meta-tetramethylene xylene diisocyanate (TMXDI). Whereas TDI and MDI are well-known respiratory sensitizers, documentation for HMDI, IPDI, TMI, and TMXDI is limited, but suggests that HMDI and IPDI may have respiratory sensitization potential in humans and TMI and TMXDI do not. Following dermal exposure of BALB/c mice, all six isocyanates induced cytokines characteristic of a Th2 response. Although LLNAs suggested that the doses chosen for the RPA were immunologically equivalent, the isocyanates tested differentiated into two groups, high responders and low responders. However, two of the low responders (TMI and TMXDI) were further tested and induced higher levels of Th2 cytokine message than dinitrochlorobenzene (not an asthmagen). Further study of these chemicals is needed to determine whether the Th2 cytokine responses observed for these low responders is predictive of asthmagenic potential or represents an insufficient signal. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Plitnick, LM (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA 19486 USA. EM lisa_plitnick@merck.com; selgrade.maryjane@epa.gov NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 3 BP 487 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.11.011 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 898CH UT WOS:000227053000014 PM 15664275 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Dennis, R Roselle, S Nenes, A Walker, J Eder, B Schere, K Swall, J Robarge, W AF Yu, SC Dennis, R Roselle, S Nenes, A Walker, J Eder, B Schere, K Swall, J Robarge, W TI An assessment of the ability of three-dimensional air quality models with current thermodynamic equilibrium models to predict aerosol NO3- SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; SULFATE; GAS; DISSOCIATION; VALIDATION; PROJECT; PHASES; SITE AB The partitioning of total nitrate (TNO3)and total ammonium (TNH4) between gas and aerosol phases is studied with two thermodynamic equilibrium models, ISORROPIA and the aerosol inorganics model ( AIM), and three data sets: high time resolution measurement data from the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Experiment ( summer case) and the 2002 Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) Supersite Experiment ( winter case), and 12-hour measurement data from the Clinton site, North Carolina, in 1999. At the Atlanta site, both models reproduced a large percentage of the observed aerosol NH4+ and HNO3 (NH4+: > 94 % and HNO3: > 86 %) within a factor of 1.5, whereas neither model reproduced a majority of observed aerosol NO3- and NH3 ( NO3-: < 48 % and NH3: < 51 %) within a factor of 2. At the Pittsburgh site, both models reproduced more than 76 % of observed NO3- within a factor of 2. At the Clinton site, both models performed a little better on aerosol NO3- (47-58 % within a factor of 1.5) than at the Atlanta site but worse than at the Pittsburgh site. Sensitivity test of thermodynamic models with Gaussian random errors indicates that in many cases, measurement errors in SO42- and TNH4 can explain a major fraction of the discrepancies between the equilibrium model predictions and observations in partitioning of TNO3. Comparison of predictions of the three-dimensional (3-D) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with the observations over the continental United States indicates that the performance of the 3-D model for NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, and NH3 strongly depends on its performance for TNO3, TNH4, and SO42-. Tests show that errors associated with SO42- and TNH4 predictions of the 3-D model can result in the thermodynamic model calculation replicating only 47 % and 60 % of base case NO3- within a factor of 2 for summer and winter cases, respectively. It was found that errors in TNH4 are more critical than errors in SO42- to prediction of NO3-. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 NR 40 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D7 AR D07S13 DI 10.1029/2004JD004718 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904VO UT WOS:000227526400001 ER PT J AU Stapleton, HM Dodder, NG Offenberg, JH Schantz, MM Wise, SA AF Stapleton, HM Dodder, NG Offenberg, JH Schantz, MM Wise, SA TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust and clothes dryer lint SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; DIETARY EXPOSURE; GREAT-LAKES; BREAST-MILK; INDOOR AIR; POLLUTANTS; PBDES; LEAD; BLOOD C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stapleton, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.stapleton@nist.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 NR 50 TC 304 Z9 328 U1 12 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 925 EP 931 DI 10.1021/es0486824 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897KB UT WOS:000227001700005 PM 15773463 ER PT J AU Wiester, MJ Costa, DL Tepper, JS Winsett, DW Slade, R AF Wiester, MJ Costa, DL Tepper, JS Winsett, DW Slade, R TI Agonist-mediated airway challenge: cardiopulmonary interactions modulate gas exchange and recovery SO RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway, challenges, provocation; challenges, airway, histamine, methacholine, ovalbumin; mammals, guinea pigs; mechanics of breathing, airway challenges; mediators, histamine ID HISTAMINE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; BETA-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS; GUINEA-PIGS; METHACHOLINE CHALLENGE; BRONCHIAL RESPONSE; CONDUCTING AIRWAYS; ASTHMATIC-PATIENTS; II CELLS; PROPRANOLOL; LUNG AB Diverse agonists used for airway challenges produce a stereotypic sequence of immediate functional responses (e.g., bronchoconstriction, gas trapping, hypoxemia, etc.) at the time such reactions are triggered. The reaction incorporates both pulmonary and cardiac changes that clearly interact in an orchestrated fashion taking the subject (or animal model) through the response generally to ultimate recovery. We hypothesize that despite differences in the initiation of the response, diverse airway provocations lead to a cascade of events that converge through a common physiologic pathway. To better understand the sequence of events and the counterbalanced cardiopulmonary responses, we examined histamine, methacholine, and ovalbumin (OVA) challenges in the awake guinea pig model and assessed ventilatory and breathing mechanics in the context of associated cardiac parameters. With the histamine response as the prototype, we evaluated the role of beta-adrenoreceptors using propranolol (1.0-10 mg/kg i.p.) and found that beta-adrenoreceptors are critical in reducing challenge-induced gas trapping in the lungs. The disposition of the circulatory response to agonist challenge (the OVA model) was reflected in a significant absolute shunting of blood through poorly ventilated regions of the lung. The methacholine challenge revealed that gasping enhanced lung inflation and reversed the diminished Pa-O2. Moreover, beta-sympathetic function was critical to recovery. Collectively, the response profiles of these disparate models of airway challenge suggest a highly integrated balance to maintain gas exchange among the pulmonary airways and vasculature, modulated in recovery by beta-adrenoreceptors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Bayer Biotechnol Res, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Costa, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res Dev, B 143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM costa.dan@epa.gov NR 64 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9048 J9 RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI JI Respir. Physiol. Neuro. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 145 IS 2-3 BP 183 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.resp.2004.02.006 PG 17 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 901ZD UT WOS:000227319900008 PM 15705534 ER PT J AU Petersen, G Viviani, D Magrini-Bair, K Kelley, S Moens, L Shepherd, P DuBois, D AF Petersen, G Viviani, D Magrini-Bair, K Kelley, S Moens, L Shepherd, P DuBois, D TI Nongovernmental valorization of carbon dioxide SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide; managing carbon; storage of carbon; carbon storage in biomass and soils; fuels; chemicals and minerals ID RUSSIAN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; SOIL CARBON; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; AGGREGATED ESTIMATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered the largest contributor to the greenhouse gas effect. Most attempts to manage the flow of CO2 or carbon into our environment involve reducing net emissions or sequestering the gas into long-lived sinks. Using CO2 as a chemical feedstock has a long history, but using it on scales that might impact the net emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere has not generally been considered seriously. There is also a growing interest in employing our natural biomes of carbon such as trees, vegetation, and soils as storage media. Some amelioration of the net carbon emissions into the atmosphere could be achieved by concomitant large withdrawals of carbon. This report surveys the potential and limitations in employing carbon as a resource for organic chemicals, fuels, inorganic materials, and in using the biome to manage carbon. The outlook for each of these opportunities is also described. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Petersen, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gene_petersen@nrel.gov NR 134 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 338 IS 3 BP 159 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.025 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902HZ UT WOS:000227346900001 PM 15713326 ER PT J AU Becker, S Dailey, L Soukup, JM Silbajoris, R Devlin, RB AF Becker, S Dailey, L Soukup, JM Silbajoris, R Devlin, RB TI TLR-2 is involved in airway epithelial cell response to air pollution particles SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE primary airway epithelial cells; IL-8 production; toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) involvement; air pollution particles; PM 10; PM2.5; ultrafine particles ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE RESPONSES; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ACTIVATION; ULTRAFINE; PATHWAY; FINE; INTERLEUKIN-8 AB Primary cultures of normal human airway epithelial cells (NHBE) respond to ambient air pollution particulate matter (PM) by increased production of the cytokine IL-8, and the induction of several oxidant stress response genes. Components of ambient air PM responsible for stimulating epithelial cells have not been conclusively identified, although metal contaminants, benzo[a]pyrene and biological matter have been implicated. Stimulation of IL-8 release front NHBE with coarse (PM2.5-10), fine (PM2.5), and UF particle fractions has shown that the coarse particle fraction has the greatest effect on the epithelial cells as well as alveolar macrophages (AM). Since this fraction concentrates fugitive dusts and particle-associated microbial matter, it was hypothesized that NHBE may recognize PM through microbial pattern recognition receptors TLR2 and TLR4, as has been previously shown with AM. NHBE were shown to release IL-8 when exposed to a Grain-positive environmental isolate of Staphylococcus lentus, and lower levels when exposed to Grain-negative Pseudomonas spp. Comparison of TLR2 and TLR4 tnRNA expression in NHBE and AM showed that NHBE express similar levels of TLR2 mRNA as the AM, but expressed very low levels of TLR4. When NHBE were stimulated with PM2.5-10, PM2.5, and UF PM, in the presence or absence of inhibitors of TLR2 and TLR4 activation, a blocking antibody to TLR2 inhibited production of IL-8, while TLR4 antagonist E5531 or the LPS inhibitor Polymixin B had no effect. Furthermore, effects on expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA, as well as the stress protein HSP70 was assessed in NHBE exposed to PM. TLR4 expression was increased in these cells while TLR2 mRNA levels were unchanged. Hsp70 was increased by PM2.5-10 > PM2.5 > UF PM suggesting the possibility of indirect activation of TLR pathway by this endogenous TLR2/4 agonist. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Becker, S (reprint author), EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM becker.susanne@epa.gov NR 32 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 203 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.07.007 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 903ED UT WOS:000227407400006 PM 15694463 ER PT J AU Sun, GB Thai, SF Tully, DB Lambert, GR Goetz, AK Wolf, DC Dix, DJ Nesnow, S AF Sun, GB Thai, SF Tully, DB Lambert, GR Goetz, AK Wolf, DC Dix, DJ Nesnow, S TI Propiconazole-induced cytochrome P450 gene expression and enzymatic activities in rat and mouse liver SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE propiconazole; PCR; P450; alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation; gene expression quantitative real-time RT-PCR ID PREGNANE-X RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE-ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; DRUG-METABOLISM; INDUCTION; CAR; CYP3A; CDNA; PXR AB Propiconazole is a N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide on fruits, grains, seeds, hardwoods, and conifers. In the present study, propiconazole was examined for its effects on the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 genes and on the activities of P450 enzymes in male Sprague-Dawley rats and male CD-1 mice. Rats and mice were administered propiconazole by gavage daily for 14 days at doses of 10, 75, and 150 mg/kg body weight/day. Quantitative real time RT-PCR assays of rat hepatic RNA samples from animals treated at the 150 mg/kg body weight/day dose revealed significant mRNA overexpression of the following genes compared to control: CYP1A2 (1.62-fold), CYP2B1 (10.8-fold), CYP3A1/CYP3A23 (2.78-fold), and CYP3A2 (1.84-fold). In mouse liver, propiconazole produced mRNA overexpression of Cyp2b10 (2.39-fold) and Cyp3a11 (5.19-fold), mRNA expression of CYP1A1 was not detected in liver tissues from treated or controls animals from either species. Propiconazole significantly induced both pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (PROD) and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (MROD) activities in both rat and mouse liver at the 150 mg/kg body weight/day and 75 mg/kg body weight/day doses. In summary, these results indicated that propiconazole induced CYP1A2 in rat liver and CYP2B and CYP3A families of isoforms in rat and mouse liver. (C) Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov NR 32 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 155 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.10.006 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 890AP UT WOS:000226484400009 PM 15603923 ER PT J AU Landi, MT Bergen, AW Baccarelli, A Patterson, DG Grassman, J Ter-Minassian, M Mocarelli, P Caporaso, N Masten, SA Pesatori, AC Pittman, GS Bell, DA AF Landi, MT Bergen, AW Baccarelli, A Patterson, DG Grassman, J Ter-Minassian, M Mocarelli, P Caporaso, N Masten, SA Pesatori, AC Pittman, GS Bell, DA TI CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genotypes, haplotypes, and TCDD-induced gene expression in subjects from seveso, Italy SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; CYP1A1; CYP1B1; genotypes; haplotypes; gene expression ID CYTOCHROME P4501B1 VARIANTS; PRIMARY CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA; LUNG-CANCER RISK; HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DIOXIN EXPOSURE; POOLED ANALYSIS; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION; ASSOCIATION AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is highly toxic in experimental animals, and is known to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. We investigated the effect of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 variant genotypes and haplotypes on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in lymphocytes from 121 subjects from the Seveso population, Italy, accidentally exposed to TCDD in 1976. The 3'UTR 3801T>C and 1462V variants of CYP1A1 were present in 16% and 6% of the subjects, respectively. The frequency of CYP1B1 variants was 85.2% for L432V, 49.6% for R48G and A119S, and 28.7% for N453S. There was complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the CYP1B1 variant loci (D' = -1) and high LD among the CYP1A1 loci (D' = 0.86). Gene expression measured by RT-PCR did not vary by CYP1B1 genotype in uncultured lymphocytes. However, when lymphocytes were treated in vitro with 10 nM TODD, CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 mRNA expression was strongly induced and modified by CYP variant alleles. Specifically, the CYP1B1*3 haplotype (L432V) was associated with increased CYP1B1 mRNA expression (P = 0.03), following an additive model; the CYP1A1 1462V polymorphism was positively, although not significantly, associated with CYP1A1 expression. The CYP1B1*3 variant may have affected CYP1B1 expression in subjects highly and acutely exposed to dioxin at the time of the accident. Although based on small number of subjects, a slight increase in eczema (P = 0.05, n = 8) and urticaria (P = 0.02, n = 2) was observed 20 years after the accident in subjects carrying the CYP1B1*3 allele. Genetic variation in cytochrome P450 induction may identify subjects with variable responsiveness to TCDD and potentially increased risk of disease. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. Univ Milan Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Milan, Epidemiol Res Ctr, EPOCA, Milan, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Anal, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Iandim@mail.nih.gov RI masten, scott/R-1403-2016; OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640; Bergen, Andrew/0000-0002-1237-7644; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.08.021 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 892JB UT WOS:000226645500003 PM 15596250 ER PT J AU Jinsmaa, Y Fujita, Y Shiotani, K Miyazaki, A Li, TY Tsuda, Y Okada, Y Ambo, A Sasaki, Y Bryant, SD Lazarus, LH AF Jinsmaa, Y Fujita, Y Shiotani, K Miyazaki, A Li, TY Tsuda, Y Okada, Y Ambo, A Sasaki, Y Bryant, SD Lazarus, LH TI Differentiation of opioid receptor preference by [Dmt(1)]endomorphin-2-mediated antinociception in the mouse SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dint (2 ',6 '-dimethyl-L-tyrosine); endomorphin; antinociception; spinal; supraspinal; antagonist ID DMT-TIC PHARMACOPHORE; MEDIATED ANALGESIA; OPIATE RECEPTORS; BINDING ACTIVITY; PYRAZINONE RING; MU-RECEPTOR; AMIDE BOND; ANALOGS; POTENT; ANTAGONIST AB The potent opioid [Dmt(1)]endomorphin-2 (Dmt-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) differentiated between the opioid receptor subtypes responsible for the antinociception elicited by endomorphin-2 in mice. Antinociception, induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of [Dmt(1)]endomorphin-2 and inhibited by various opioid receptor antagonists [naloxone, naltrindole, beta-funaltrexamine, naloxonazine], was determined by the tail-flick (spinal effect) and hot-plate (supraspinal effect) tests. The opioid receptor subtypes involved in [Dmt(1)] endomorphin-2-induced antinociception differed between these in vivo model paradigms: naloxone (non-specific opioid receptor antagonist) and beta-funaltrexamine (irreversible mu(1)/mu(2)-opioid receptor antagonist) blocked antinociception in both tests, although stronger inhibition occurred in the hot-plate than the tail-flick test suggesting involvement of other opioid receptors. Consequently, we applied naloxonazine (mu(1)-opioid receptor antagonist) that significantly blocked the effect in the hot-plate test and naltrindole (delta-opioid receptor antagonist), which was only effective in the tail-flick test. The data indicated that [Dmt(1)]endomorphin-2-induced spinal antinociception was primarily mediated by both mu(2)- and delta-opioid receptors, while a supraspinal mechanism involved only mu(1)/mu(2)-subtypes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Grad Sch Food & Med Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 65121, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, Dept Med Chem, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Kobe Gakuin Univ, High Technol Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512180, Japan. Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Biochem, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818558, Japan. RP Jinsmaa, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM yunden@niehs.nih.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 509 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.015 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 901AO UT WOS:000227255600005 PM 15713427 ER PT J AU Juhl, AR Murrell, MC AF Juhl, AR Murrell, MC TI Interactions between nutrients, phytoplankton growth, and microzooplankton grazing in a Gulf of Mexico estuary SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton growth; grazing; nutrients; dilution experiments; Pensacola Bay ID ARABIAN SEA; SYNECHOCOCCUS; ZOOPLANKTON; FLUORESCENCE; BIOMASS; IMPACT; LIGHT; RIVER; MESOZOOPLANKTON; PRODUCTIVITY AB Dilution grazing experiments were conducted on 9 dates over a 16 mo period in Santa Rosa Sound (Florida, USA) measuring microzooplankton grazing (m) and phytoplankton gross-growth rates under in situ (mu(0)) and replete (mu(n)) nutrient concentrations. The rates were measured on 4 phytoplankton fractions: bulk, >5 pm, <5 pm, and cyanobacteria. Many similarities existed among phytoplankton fractions: grazing rates were positively correlated with both mu(0) and mu(n), the relationship between mu(0) and m was nearly 1: 1, and mu(n) always exceeded m. The 1: 1 relationship between mu(0) and m implied that microzooplankton grazing accounted for essentially all in situ phytoplankton growth, allowing no net accumulation under ambient nutrient concentrations. Despite this strong grazing pressure, mu(0) < mu(n) for all phytoplankton fractions, indicating persistent nutrient limitation. Because mu(n) always exceeded m, additional nutrient influx to the sound would generate a disparity between microzooplankton-grazing and phytoplankton-growth rates, resulting in increased biomass in all phytoplankton fractions. However, grazing would remain a major loss term for phytoplankton such that quantitative prediction of the biomass increase would have to incorporate grazing rates. This study therefore provides a useful example of simultaneous 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' control of phytoplankton biomass, We additionally observed that increased nutrient availability led to greater dominance by larger eukaryotic phytoplankton, due to differences in gross-growth rates between the phytoplankton fractions rather than differential grazing. Grazing rates on and gross-growth rates of cyanobacteria, but not the other phytoplankton fractions, were strongly correlated to temperature. C1 US EPA, Guli Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Hlth Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Juhl, AR (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Marine Biol Room 2A,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM andyjuhl@ldeo.columbia.edu OI Juhl, Andrew/0000-0002-1575-3756 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD FEB 9 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.3354/ame038147 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 901IM UT WOS:000227276200005 ER PT J AU Favor, J Shelby, MD AF Favor, J Shelby, MD TI Transmitted mutational events induced in mouse germ cells following acrylamide or glycidamide exposure SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE acrylamide; glycidamide; heritable translocation test; specific-locus test; transmitted germ line mutations; mouse ID UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; MALE-MICE; HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS; LOCUS MUTATIONS; ADDUCT FORMATION; INDUCTION; METABOLISM; INTRAPERITONEAL; SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATIDS AB An increase in the germ line mutation rate in humans will result in an increase in the incidence of genetically determined diseases in subsequent generations. Thus, it is important to identify those agents that are mutagenic in mammalian germ cells. Acrylamide is water soluble, absorbed and distributed in the body, chemically reactive with nucleophilic sites, and there are known sources of human exposure. Here we review all seven published studies that assessed the effectiveness of acrylamide or its active metabolite, glycidamide, in inducing transmitted reciprocal translocations or gene mutations in the mouse. Major conclusions were (a) acrylamide is mutagenic in spermatozoa and spermatid stages of the male germ line; (b) in these spermatogenic stages acrylamide is mainly or exclusively a clastogen; (c) per unit dose, i.p. exposure is more effective than dermal exposure; and (d) per unit dose, glycidamide is more effective than acrylamide. Since stem cell spermatogonia persist and may accumulate mutations throughout the reproductive life of males, assessment of induced mutations in this germ cell stage is critical for the assessment of genetic risk associated with exposure to a mutagen. The two specific-locus mutation experiments which studied the stem cell spermatogonial stage yielded conflicting results. This discrepancy should be resolved. Finally, it is noted that no experiments have studied the mutagenic potential of acrylamide to increase the frequency of transmitted mutational events following exposure in the female germ line. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Human Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NTP, CERHR, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Favor, J (reprint author), GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Human Genet, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM favor@gsf.de NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD FEB 7 PY 2005 VL 580 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.09.010 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 898DI UT WOS:000227055900003 PM 15668104 ER PT J AU Druzhko, AB Pirutin, SK de Lera, AR Alvarez, R Weetall, HH AF Druzhko, AB Pirutin, SK de Lera, AR Alvarez, R Weetall, HH TI Effect of dehydration on photoinduced transformation in gelatin films made with 14-fluoro bacteriorhodopsin derivatives SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoinduced transformation; bacteriorhodopsin; all-trans retinal; relative humidity; gelatin films; red-shifted species ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; PURPLE MEMBRANE; D96N MUTANT; WILD-TYPE; PHOTOCYCLE; ANALOGS; WATER AB Photoinduced transformation in gelatin films made with 14-fluoro bacteriorhodopsin derivatives, both wild-type (WT) and D96N mutant, were studied. Spectral and kinetic peculiarities for these two types of samples were compared over a wide range of relative humidity (9-92%). Analysis of the results considered two existing photoinduced processes that occur in suspensions and films of corresponding pigments. It was demonstrated that there is a range of humidity in which the performance of fluorine WT bacteriorhodopsin gelatin films may offer a technological advantage compared with fluorine D96N bacteriorhodopsin. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Biophys, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Vigo, Dept Organ Chem, Vigo 36310, Spain. US EPA, Natl Assoc Hispan Elderly, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Druzhko, AB (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Biophys, Inst Kaja Ul 3, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. EM druzhko@mail.iteb.ru RI Esteban Garcia, Jose/B-7691-2008; OI Rodriguez de Lera, Angel/0000-0001-6896-9078 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 120 IS 2 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1385/ABAB:120:2:121 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 901IB UT WOS:000227275100004 PM 15695841 ER PT J AU Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Sappington, LC Buckler, DR Bridges, CM Greer, IE Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Whites, DW Augspurger, T Mount, DR Hattala, K Neuderfer, GN AF Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Sappington, LC Buckler, DR Bridges, CM Greer, IE Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Whites, DW Augspurger, T Mount, DR Hattala, K Neuderfer, GN TI Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER MUSSELS UNIONIDAE; PROTECTION AB Assessment of contaminant impacts to federally identified endangered, threatened and candidate, and state-identified endangered species (collectively referred to as "listed" species) requires understanding of a species' sensitivities to particular chemicals. The most direct approach would be to determine the sensitivity of a listed species to a particular contaminant or perturbation. An indirect approach for aquatic species would be application of toxicity data obtained from standard test procedures and species commonly used in laboratory toxicity tests. Common test species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 17 listed or closely related species were tested in acute 96-hour water exposures with five chemicals (carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin) representing a broad range of toxic modes of action. No single species was the most sensitive to all chemicals. For the three standard test species evaluated, the rainbow trout was more sensitive than either the fathead minnow or sheepshead minnow and was equal to or more sensitive than listed and related species 81% of the time. To estimate an LC50 for a listed species, a factor of 0.63 can be applied to the geometric mean LC50 of rainbow trout toxicity data, and more conservative factors can be determined using variance estimates (0.46 based on I SD of the mean and 0.33 based on 2 SD of the mean). Additionally, a low- or no-acute effect concentration can be estimated by multiplying the respective LC50 by a factor of approximately 0.56, which supports the United States Environmental Protection Agency approach of multiplying the final acute value by 0.5 (division by 2). When captive or locally abundant populations of listed fish are available, consideration should be given to direct testing. When direct toxicity testing cannot be performed, approaches for developing protective measures using common test species toxicity data are available. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Marine Resources, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. New York State Dept environm Conservat, Bur Habitat, Avon, NY 14414 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov OI Henke, Chris/0000-0003-4958-4126 NR 31 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800001 PM 15772881 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Wang, N Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, JM Wang, N Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Ingersoll, CG TI Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part II. Chronic toxicity of copper and pentachlorophenol to two endangered species and two surrogate species SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FATHEAD MINNOW; STEELHEAD TROUT; GROWTH-RESPONSE; FISHES AB Early life-stage toxicity tests with copper and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were conducted with two species listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (the endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola, and the threatened spotfin chub, Cyprinella monacha) and two commonly tested species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results were compared using lowest-observed effect concentrations (LOECs) based on statistical hypothesis tests and by point estimates derived by linear interpolation and logistic regression. Sublethal end points, growth (mean individual dry weight) and biomass (total dry weight per replicate) were usually more sensitive than survival. The biomass end point was equally sensitive as growth and had less among-test variation. Effect concentrations based on linear interpolation were less variable than LOECs, which corresponded to effects ranging from 9% to 76% relative to controls and were consistent with thresholds based on logistic regression. Fountain darter was the most sensitive species for both chemicals tested, with effect concentrations for biomass at I 11 mu g/L (LOEC and 25% inhibition concentration [IC25]) for copper and at 21 mu g/L (IC25) for PCP, but spotfin chub was no more sensitive than the commonly tested species. Effect concentrations for fountain darter were lower than current chronic water quality criteria for both copper and PCP. Protectiveness of chronic water-quality criteria for threatened and endangered species could be improved by the use of safety factors or by conducting additional chronic toxicity tests with species and chemicals of concern. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. AScI Corp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-0039-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800002 PM 15772882 ER PT J AU Dwyer, FJ Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Whites, DW Augspurger, T Canfield, TJ Mount, DR Mayer, FL AF Dwyer, FJ Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Whites, DW Augspurger, T Canfield, TJ Mount, DR Mayer, FL TI Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part III. Effluent toxicity tests SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Toxicity tests using standard effluent test procedures described by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were conducted with Ceriodaphnia dubia, fathead minnows (Piniephales promelas), and seven threatened and endangered (listed) fish species from four families: (1) Acipenseridae: shormose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum.); (2) Catostomidae-, razorback sucker (Xyralichen texanus); (3) Cyprinidae: bonytail chub (Gila elegans), Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas) Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), and spotfin chub (Cyprinella monacha); and (4) Poecillidae: Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis). We conducted 7-day survival and growth studies with embryo-larval fathead minnows and analogous exposures using the listed species. Survival and reproduction were also determined with C. dubia. Tests were conducted with carbaryl, ammonia-or a simulated effluent complex mixture of carbaryl.. copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol and permethrin at equitoxic proportions. In addition, Cape Fear shiners and spotfin chub were tested using diazinon, copper, and chlorine. Toxicity tests were also conducted with field-collected effluents from domestic or industrial facilities. Bonytail chub and razorback suckers were tested with effluents collected in Arizona whereas effluent samples collected from North Carolina were tested with Cape Fear shiner, spotfin chub, and shortnose sturgeon. The fathead minnow 7-day effluent test was often a reliable estimator of toxic effects to the listed fishes. However, in 21 % of the tests, a listed species was more sensitive than fathead minnows. More sensitive species results varied by test so that usually no species was always more or less sensitive than fathead minnows. Only the Gila topminnow was consistently less sensitive than the fathead minnow. Listed fish species were protected 96% of the time when results for both fathead minnows and C. dubia were considered, thus reinforcing the value of standard whole-effluent toxicity tests using those two species. If the responses of specific listed species are important for management decisions, our study supports the value in developing culture and testing procedures for those species. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Aid Content Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov OI Henke, Chris/0000-0003-4958-4126 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0104-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800004 PM 15750777 ER PT J AU Sidhu, S Gullett, B Striebich, R Klosterman, J Contreras, J DeVito, M AF Sidhu, S Gullett, B Striebich, R Klosterman, J Contreras, J DeVito, M TI Endocrine disrupting chemical emissions from combustion sources: diesel particulate emissions and domestic waste open burn emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; diesel emissions; open barrel burning; oxygenate PAHs; multidimensional GC-MS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXHAUST PARTICLES; IN-VITRO; SCREEN; DEGRADATION; PATHWAYS; WILDLIFE AB Emissions of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from combustion sources are poorly characterized due to the large number of compounds present in the emissions, the complexity of the analytical separations required, and the uncertainty regarding identification of chemicals with endocrine effects. In this work, multidimensional gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (MDGC-MS) was used to characterize emissions from both controlled (diesel engine) and uncontrolled (open burning of domestic waste) combustion sources. The results of this study suggest that, by using MDGC-MS, one can resolve a much greater percentage of the chromatogram and identify about 84% of these resolved compounds. This increase in resolution helped to identify and quantify various classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the combustion emissions that had not been identified previously. Significant emissions (when compared to industrial sources) of known EDCs, dioctyl phthalate (over similar to2,500,000 kg year(-1)) and bisphenol A (over similar to75,000 kg year(-1)) were estimated from uncontrolled domestic waste burning. Emissions of several suspected EDCs (oxygenated PAHs) were observed in both diesel soot and the uncontrolled domestic waste burn samples. The emission rates of known and suspected EDCs estimated in this study suggest that combustion emissions need to be characterized for EDCs to further assess its importance as a source of EDC exposure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sidhu, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sidhu@udri.udayton.edu RI Contreras, Javier/C-7128-2013 OI Contreras, Javier/0000-0002-9395-3964 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 801 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.040 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895SQ UT WOS:000226884000001 ER PT J AU Manson, J Brabec, MJ Buelke-Sam, J Carlson, GP Chapin, RE Favor, JB Fischer, LJ Hattis, D Lees, PSJ Perreault-Darney, S Rutledge, J Smith, TJ Tice, RR Working, P AF Manson, J Brabec, MJ Buelke-Sam, J Carlson, GP Chapin, RE Favor, JB Fischer, LJ Hattis, D Lees, PSJ Perreault-Darney, S Rutledge, J Smith, TJ Tice, RR Working, P TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of acrylamide SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MALE GERM-CELLS; EPOXIDE METABOLITE GLYCIDAMIDE; MALE-MICE; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; DOMINANT LETHAL; HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS; DRINKING-WATER; MORTALITY PATTERNS; LOCUS MUTATIONS; MINIATURE PIGS C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Eastern Michigan Univ, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. Toxicol Serv, Greenfield, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Cell Genesys Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Manson, J (reprint author), NIEHS, EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shelby@niehs.nih.gov OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 129 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 17 EP 113 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20030 PG 97 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 905ZY UT WOS:000227611500003 PM 15729727 ER PT J AU Keller, AE Augspurger, T AF Keller, AE Augspurger, T TI Toxicity of fluoride to the endangered unionid mussel, Alasmidonta raveneliana, and surrogate species SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT; ION C1 US EPA, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. USFWS, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. RP Keller, AE (reprint author), US EPA, 701 San Marco Blvd,Suite 7W, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 74 IS 2 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0576-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 890ZT UT WOS:000226551800004 PM 15841963 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Wallace, JB AF Johnson, BR Wallace, JB TI Bottom-up limitation of a stream salamander in a detritus-based food web SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EURYCEA-BISLINEATA; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; TROPHIC CASCADES; ECOSYSTEM EXPERIMENTS; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; 2-LINED SALAMANDER; FIELD EXPERIMENT; ENERGY-FLOW; TOP-DOWN AB The indirect effects that resources can have on higher trophic levels remain poorly understood for detritus-based ecosystems. Our objective was to examine effects of long-term terrestrial litter exclusion on a larval salamander, Eurycea wilderae, in a detritus-based stream. After 4 years of exclusion treatment, we conducted a mark-recapture study and analyzed gut contents of E. wilderae larvae in the litter exclusion reach, a reach downstream of treatment, and in a reference stream. Eurycea wilderae growth rate (per day), density (individuals per square metre), biomass (milligrams ash-free dry mass per square metre), and production (milligrams ash-free dry mass per square metre per year) were all significantly reduced in the litter exclusion reach. Reduced density in the treatment reach was likely due to elevated hatchling drift driven by reduced prey availability. Larvae from the treatment reach had fewer prey items per gut than larvae in the reference stream and their diet consisted of fewer copepods but more midge larvae, nematodes, and terrestrial insects. The reach downstream of treatment was intermediate between reference and litter exclusion reaches for most measured parameters, indicating residual effects of upstream treatment. Our results provide the first comprehensive evidence of bottom-up limitation of a vertebrate predator in a detritus-based ecosystem and further demonstrate the importance of the terrestrial-aquatic linkage. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM johnson.brent@epa.gov NR 70 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1139/F04-197 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 912MV UT WOS:000228083800006 ER PT J AU Keohavong, P Lan, Q Gao, WM Zheng, KC Mady, HH Melhem, MF Mumford, JL AF Keohavong, P Lan, Q Gao, WM Zheng, KC Mady, HH Melhem, MF Mumford, JL TI Detection of p53 and K-ras mutations in sputum of individuals exposed to smoky coal emissions in Xuan Wei County, China SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; FORMER SMOKERS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; RISK-FACTORS; INDOOR COAL; TP53; CARCINOMAS AB Lung cancer mortality rates in the Xuan Wei County population are among the highest in China and are associated with exposure to indoor emissions from the burning of smoky coal. Previous studies of lung tumors from both non-smoking women and smoking men in this region showed high frequencies of mutations, consisting mostly of G-->T transversions in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and K-ras oncogene, suggesting that these mutations were caused primarily by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study sputum samples from 92 individuals with no evidence of lung cancer from Xuan Wei County were screened for p53 and K-ras mutations. Sputum cells were collected on glass slides by sputum cytocentrifugation, stained and cytopathologically analyzed. Cytologically non-malignant epithelial cells were taken from each sputum sample using a laser capture microdissection microscope and molecularly analyzed. Cells taken from the sputum of 15 (16.3%) individuals were mutation positive, including 13 (14.1%) individuals each with a p53 mutation, 1 (1.1%) individual with a K-ras mutation and 1 (1.1%) individual with a p53 and a K-ras mutation. p53 mutations were found in both the sputum of individuals with evidence of chronic bronchitis (3 of 46 or 6.5%) and those without evidence of this disease (11 of 46 or 23.9%). Therefore, mutations in the p53 gene and, to a lesser extent, the K-ras gene were frequent in non-malignant epithelial cells taken from the sputum of individuals without evidence of lung cancer who were exposed to smoky coal emissions in Xuan Wei County and were at a high risk for developing the disease. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. Vet Adm Hlth Care Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Keohavong, P (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 3343 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM pho1@pitt.edu OI Keohavong, Phouthone/0000-0001-7812-4925 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgh328 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 891VU UT WOS:000226609900005 PM 15564291 ER PT J AU Ryan, SP Gullett, BK Tabor, D Oudejans, L Touati, A AF Ryan, SP Gullett, BK Tabor, D Oudejans, L Touati, A TI Determination of the vapor pressures of select polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at 75-275 degrees C SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diffusion; entropy; mass transport; vaporization; vapor pressure; PCDD/F ID EMISSIONS; ENTHALPIES; INDICATORS; PREDICTION; WASTE AB Vapor pressures were determined for several polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at 75-275 degreesC, extending the available literature data to more relevant temperature regions and providing the first experimental data for 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7-TriCD). A modification of the effusion technique, based upon controlling the diffusion of the target compound and subsequent high resolution gas chromatography/low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) analysis, was proven comparable to other accepted methods for determining the vapor pressures of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Vapor pressures for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) were in excellent agreement with those reported in literature. The application of the cur-rent method for the vapor pressure determinations of eight polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in the extended temperature range (up to 275 degreesC) is reported. The extension of the vapor pressures to such temperatures, unprecedented for the PCDDs/Fs, is important for vapor-particle partitioning modeling in regions relevant to PCDDYF formation and control. Estimates for the melting temperatures and enthalpies of sublimation and vaporization are also reported, the latter for which no experimentally determined values have been found in the literature. The use of the method to deliver reproducible, trace concentrations (ppt-ppb) of targets was applied to the calibration of the jet-REMPI/TOFMS as an online detector for low chlorinated PCDDs/Fs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Geraghty & Miller Inc, ARCADIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2004.09.039 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 892NI UT WOS:000226656900018 ER PT J AU Henderson, AP Barnes, ML Bleasdale, C Cameron, R Clegg, W Heath, SL Lindstrom, AB Rappaport, SM Waidyanatha, S Watson, WP Golding, BT AF Henderson, AP Barnes, ML Bleasdale, C Cameron, R Clegg, W Heath, SL Lindstrom, AB Rappaport, SM Waidyanatha, S Watson, WP Golding, BT TI Reactions of benzene oxide with thiols including glutathione SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARENE OXIDES; LIVER-MICROSOMES; MERCAPTURIC ACID; NIH-SHIFT; METABOLISM; MECHANISM; EXPOSURE; RATS; AROMATIZATION; PRETREATMENT AB S-Phenylmercapturic acid is a minor metabolite of benzene used as a biomarker for human benzene exposures. The reaction of intracellular glutathione with benzene oxide-oxepin, the initial metabolite of benzene, is presumed to give 1-(S-glutathionyl)-cyclohexa-3,5-dien-2-ol, which undergoes dehydration to S-phenylglutathione, the precursor of S-phenylmercapturic acid. To validate the proposed route to S-phenylglutathione, reactions of benzene oxide-oxepin with glutathione and other sulfur nucleophiles have been studied. The reaction of benzene oxide with an excess of aqueous sodium sulfide, followed by acetylation, gave bis-(6-trans-5-acetoxycyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)sulfide, the structure of which was proved by X-ray crystallography. Reactions of benzene oxide-oxepin in a 95:5 (v/v) mixture of phosphate buffer in D2O with (CD3)(2)SO were monitored by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. In the absence of glutathione, the half-life of benzene oxide-oxepin was ca. 34 min at 25 degreesC and pD 7.0. The half-life was not affected in the range of 2-15 mM glutathione in the presence and absence of a commercial sample of human glutathione S-transferase (at pH 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, or 10.0). The adduct 1-(S-glutathionyl)-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-2-ol was identified in these reaction mixtures, especially at higher pH, by mass spectrometry and by its acid-catalyzed decomposition to S-phenylglutathione. Incubation of benzene oxide with N-acetyl-L-cysteine at 37 degreesC and pH 10.0 and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the mixture showed formation of pre-S-phenylmercapturic acid and the dehydration product, S-phenylmercapturic acid. The data validate the premise that benzene oxide-oxepin can be captured by glutathione to give (1R,2R)- and/or (1S,2S)-1-(S-glutathionyl)-cyclohexa-3,5-dien-2-ol, which dehydrate to S-phenylglutathione. The capture is a relatively inefficient process at pH 7 that is accelerated at higher pH. These studies account for the observation that the metabolism of benzene is dominated by the formation of phenol. The pathway leading to S-phenylmercapturic acid is necessarily minor on account of the low efficiency of benzene oxide capture by glutathione at pH 7 vs spontaneous rearrangement to phenol. C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Nat Sci Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Syngenta Cent Toxicol Lab, Macclesfield SK10 4TJ, Cheshire, England. RP Henderson, AP (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Nat Sci Chem, Bedson Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM alistair@email.unc.edu; b.t.golding@ncl.ac.uk RI Clegg, William/B-2491-2010; OI Clegg, William/0000-0003-1643-5298 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES05948] NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1021/tx049781y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 899TM UT WOS:000227168000020 PM 15720131 ER PT J AU Rushneck, DR Beliveau, A Fowler, B Hamilton, C Hoover, D Kaye, K Berg, M Smith, T Telliard, WA Roman, H Ruder, E Ryan, L AF Rushneck, DR Beliveau, A Fowler, B Hamilton, C Hoover, D Kaye, K Berg, M Smith, T Telliard, WA Roman, H Ruder, E Ryan, L TI Concentrations of dioxin-like PCB congeners in unweathered Aroclors by HRGC/HRMS using method 1668A (vol 54, pg 79, 2004) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Correction C1 Interface Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. US EPA, Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. Axys Analyt, Sydney, BC V8L 3S8, Canada. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Rushneck, DR (reprint author), Interface Inc, POB 297, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM dale.rushneck@comcast.net NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900IX UT WOS:000227209700017 ER PT J AU Rees, JR Wade, TJ Levy, DA Colford, JM Hilton, JF AF Rees, JR Wade, TJ Levy, DA Colford, JM Hilton, JF TI Changes in beliefs identify unblinding in randomized controlled trials: a method to meet CONSORT guidelines SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE masking; randomized controlled trial; double-blind method; research design; placebo effect ID DOUBLE-BLIND; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PLACEBO; STATEMENT; QUALITY AB Double-blinded trials are often considered the gold standard for research, but significant bias may result from unblinding of participants and investigators. Although the CONSORT guidelines discuss the importance of reporting "evidence that blinding was successful", it is unclear what constitutes appropriate evidence. Among studies reporting methods to evaluate blinding effectiveness, many have compared groups with respect to the proportions correctly identifying their intervention at the end of the trial. Instead, we reasoned that participants' beliefs, and not their correctness, are more directly associated with potential bias, especially in relation to self-reported health outcomes. During the Water Evaluation Trial performed in northern California in 1999, we investigated blinding effectiveness by sequential interrogation of participants about their "blinded" intervention assignment (active or placebo). Irrespective of group, participants showed a strong tendency to believe they had been assigned to the active intervention; this translated into a statistically significant intergroup difference in the correctness of participants' beliefs, even at the start of the trial before unblinding had a chance to occur. In addition, many participants (31%) changed their belief during the trial, suggesting that assessment of belief at a single time does not capture unblinding. Sequential measures based on either two or all eight questionnaires identified significant group-related differences in belief patterns that were not identified by the single, cross-sectional measure. In view of the relative insensitivity of cross-sectional measures, the minimal additional information in more than two assessments of beliefs and the risk of modifying participants' beliefs by repeated questioning, we conclude that the optimal means of assessing unblinding is an intergroup comparison of the change in beliefs (and not their correctness) between the start and end of a randomized controlled trial. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Lebanon, NH USA. Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Lebanon, NH USA. US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Rees, JR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, 1 Med Ctr Dr,7927 Rubin Bldg, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. EM judith.rees@dartmouth.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU915546-02-1] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2004.11.020 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 926JB UT WOS:000229118400004 PM 15837450 ER PT J AU Tollestrup, K Frost, F Cristiani, M McMillan, G Calderon, R Padilla, R AF Tollestrup, K Frost, F Cristiani, M McMillan, G Calderon, R Padilla, R TI Arsenic-induced skin conditions identified in southwest dermatology practices: an epidemiologic tool? SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE arsenical skin lesions; dermatology practices; surveillance; waterborne arsenic ID DRINKING-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; WELL WATER; CANCER; PREVALENCE; BLADDER; INDIA; RISK AB Populations living in the Southwest United States are more likely to be exposed to elevated drinking water arsenic levels compared to other areas of the country. Skin changes, including hyperpigmentation and generalized hyperkeratosis, are the most common signs of chronic arsenic ingestion from drinking water. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using dermatology practices in New Mexico, Arizona, and western Texas as a surveillance system for arsenical skin disorders related to drinking water. Postcard questionnaires were mailed to practicing dermatologists. The number of cases of arsenical hyperpigmentation/keratoses seen by these dermatologists during the past 10 years and the past year were estimated. Of 240 dermatologists who were mailed questionnaires, 37 reported seeing 237 patients with arsenical hyperpigmentation/keratoses in the past 10 years and 35 patients in the past year. Since approximately one-eighth of dermatologists practicing in the Southwest saw at least one patient with arsenical hyperpigmentation/keratoses during one year, it appears feasible to complete a population-based study of these conditions. C1 UNM, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Tollestrup, K (reprint author), UNM, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ktollestrup@salud.unm.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10653-004-1629-z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 896MP UT WOS:000226938500006 PM 15688130 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ Meyer, DA Crofton, KM AF Shafer, TJ Meyer, DA Crofton, KM TI Developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides: Critical review and future research needs SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE age-dependent toxicity; biologically based dose-response model; developmental neurotoxicity; mode of action; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; pyrethroid; risk assessment; voltage-sensitive sodium channel. ID GATED SODIUM-CHANNEL; BRAIN MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; AGE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; FEBRILE SEIZURES PLUS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; XENOPUS OOCYTES; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; RAT-BRAIN AB Pyrethroid insecticides have been used for more than 40 years and account for 25% of the worldwide insecticide market. Although their acute neurotoxicity to adults has been well characterized, information regarding the potential developmental neurotoxicity of this class of compounds is limited. There is a large age dependence to the acute toxicity of pyrethroids in which neonatal rats are at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than adults to two pyrethroids. There is no information on age-dependent toxicity for most pyrethroids. In the present review we examine the scientific data related to potential for age-dependent and developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroids. As a basis for understanding this neurotoxicity, we discuss the heterogeneity and ontogeny of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, a primary neuronal target of pyrethroids. We also summarize 22 studies of the developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroids and review the strengths and limitations of these studies. These studies examined numerous end points, with changes in motor activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density the most common. Many of the developmental neurotoxicity studies suffer from inadequate study design, problematic statistical analyses, use of formulated products, and/or inadequate controls. These factors confound interpretation of results. To better understand the potential for developmental exposure to pyrethroids to cause neurotoxicity, additional, well-designed and well-executed developmental neurotoxicity studies are needed. These studies should employ state-of-the-science methods to promote a greater understanding of the mode of action of pyrethroids in the developing nervous system. C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 113 TC 236 Z9 264 U1 7 U2 54 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1289/ehp.7254 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 899TY UT WOS:000227169400028 PM 15687048 ER PT J AU Hore, P Robson, M Freeman, N Zhang, J Wartenberg, D Ozkaynak, H Tulve, N Sheldon, L Needham, L Barr, D Lioy, PJ AF Hore, P Robson, M Freeman, N Zhang, J Wartenberg, D Ozkaynak, H Tulve, N Sheldon, L Needham, L Barr, D Lioy, PJ TI Chlorpyrifos accumulation patterns for child-accessible surfaces and objects and urinary metabolite excretion by children for 2 weeks after crack-and-crevice application SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarker; child; children; chlorpyrifos; crack-and-crevice; indoor chemical use; pesticide ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; ROOMS; BIOMARKERS; RESIDENTS; HAND; AIR AB The Children's Post-Pesticide Application Exposure Study (CPPAES) was conducted to look at the distribution of chlorpyrifos within a home environment for 2 weeks after a routine professional crack-and-crevice application and to determine the amount of the chlorpyrifos that is absorbed by a child living within the home. Ten residential homes with a 2- to 5-year-old child in each were selected for study, and the homes were treated with chlorpyrifos. Pesticide measurements were made from the indoor air, indoor surfaces, and plush toys. In addition, periodic morning urine samples were collected from each of the children throughout the 2-week period. We analyzed the urine samples for 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol, the primary urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and used the results to estimate the children's absorbed dose. Average chlorpyrifos levels in the indoor air and surfaces were 26 (pretreatment)/120 (posttreatment) ng/m(3) and 0.48 (pretreatment)/2.8 (posttreatment) ng/cm(2), respectively, reaching peak levels between days 0 and 2; subsequently, concentrations decreased throughout the 2-week period. Chlorpyrifos in/on the plush toys ranged from 7.3 to 1,949 ng/toy postapplication, with concentrations increasing throughout the 2-week period, demonstrating a cumulative adsorption/absorption process indoors. The daily amount of chlorpyrifos estimated to be absorbed by the CPPAES children postapplication ranged from 0.04 to 4.8 mug/kg/day. During the 2 weeks after the crack-and-crevice application, there was no significant increase in the amount of chlorpyrifos absorbed by the CPPAES children. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Exposure Measurement & Assessment Div, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Contemporary Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lioy, PJ (reprint author), 170 Frelinghuysen Rd,EOHSI Floor 3, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM plioy@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07148-17, P30-ES05022] NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 113 IS 2 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1289/ehp.6984 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 899TY UT WOS:000227169400041 PM 15687060 ER PT J AU Diamond, DD True, CD Gordon, TM Sowa, SP Foster, WE Jones, KB AF Diamond, DD True, CD Gordon, TM Sowa, SP Foster, WE Jones, KB TI Influence of targets and assessment region size on perceived conservation priorities SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation assessment; conservation targets; conservation priorities; Missouri Ozarks ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; RESERVE SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; FLORIDA; SYSTEM AB We used an existing conservation opportunity area (OA) data layer for four contiguous ecological subsections within the Ozark Highlands to quantitatively evaluate the influence of conservation targets and assessment region size on conservation priorities. OAs are natural and seminatural land-cover patches that are away from roads and away from patch edges. To evaluate the influence of targets, we assigned a priority score to each CA polygon for each of five different conservation targets, including land-cover patch size, landform representation, target vertebrate richness, target breeding bird richness, and target land cover. The top-scoring OAs for each target were added to an CA selection set for that target until 50% of the study area was chosen. These five CA selection sets were overlain to quantify overlap in priorities. Only 1.6% of the study area, or 2.1% of all CA polygons, was selected by all five targets. To evaluate the influence of assessment region size, we compared results of priority ranking of OAs relative to the entire study area against a merged set of priority rankings established separately relative to each of the four subsections within the study area. When high-priority OAs were added until 25% of the region was within the selection set for each of the five targets, the sets based on the whole study area versus each subsection evaluated separately overlapped from 45.4% to 81.9%. Thus, perceived priorities of conservation assessments are strongly influenced both by the targets that are evaluated and by the size of the assessment region. C1 Univ Missouri, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Diamond, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM diamondd@missouri.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0113-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921TM UT WOS:000228787900002 PM 15902452 ER PT J AU Mendola, P Robinson, LK Buck, GM Druschel, CM Fitzgerald, EF Sever, LE Vena, JE AF Mendola, P Robinson, LK Buck, GM Druschel, CM Fitzgerald, EF Sever, LE Vena, JE TI Birth defects risk associated with maternal sport fish consumption: potential effect modification by sex of offspring SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE birth defects; effect modifiers (epidemiology); endocrine system; environmental pollutants; pregnancy ID BODY BURDEN LEVELS; GREAT-LAKES FISH; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; INFANTS BORN; BREAST-MILK; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; HYPOSPADIAS; ANOMALIES; HEALTH AB Contaminated sport fish consumption may result in exposure to various reproductive and developmental toxicants, including pesticides and other suspected endocrine disruptors. We investigated the relation between maternal sport fish meals and risk of major birth defects among infants born to members of the New York State (NYS) Angler Cohort between 1986 and 1991 (n = 2237 births). Birth defects (n = 125 cases) were ascertained from both newborn medical records and the NYS Congenital Malformations Registry. For sport fish meals eaten during pregnancy, the odds ratio (OR) for all major malformations combined was slightly elevated for less than or equal to1 meal/month (OR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 0,84, 1.89) and greater than or equal to2 meals/month (OR=1.51, CI=0.74, 3.09), with no meals during pregnancy as the reference category. Higher ORs were consistently observed among male offspring compared with females. For greater than or equal to 2 meals/month, the risk for males was significantly elevated (males: OR = 3.01, CI: 1.2, 7.5; females: OR = 0.73, CI: 0.2, 2.4). Exposure during pregnancy and effect modification by infants sex could be important considerations for future studies of birth outcomes associated with endocrine disruptors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Buffalo, Dept Pediat, Buffalo, NY USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent, Rockville, MD USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Mendola, P (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mendola.pauline@epa.gov RI Fitzgerald, Edward/F-4087-2010; OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844; Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2003.10.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 879EV UT WOS:000225700100003 PM 15533329 ER PT J AU Lough, GC Schauer, JJ Park, JS Shafer, MM Deminter, JT Weinstein, JP AF Lough, GC Schauer, JJ Park, JS Shafer, MM Deminter, JT Weinstein, JP TI Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadways SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOURCE PROFILES; LOS-ANGELES; URBAN AREAS; EXHAUST; TUNNEL; ASTHMA; CARBON AB Emissions of metals and other particle-phase species from on-road motor vehicles were measured in two tunnels in Milwaukee, WI during the summer of 2000 and winter of 2001. Emission factors were calculated from measurements of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter at tunnel entrances and exits, and effects of fleet composition and season were investigated. Cascade impactors (MOUDI) were used to obtain size-resolved metal emission rates. Metals were quantified with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). PM10 emission rates ranged from 38.7 to 201 mg km(-1) and were composed mainly of organic carbon (OC, 30%), inorganic ions (sulfate, chloride, nitrate, ammonium, 20%), metals (19%), and elemental carbon (EC, 9.3%). PM10 metal emissions were dominated by crustal elements Si, Fe, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, and K, and elements associated with tailpipe emissions and brake and tire wear, including Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, Pb, and S. Metals emitted in PM2.5 were lower (11.6% of mass). Resuspension of roadway dust was dependent on weather and road surface conditions, and increased emissions were related to higher traffic volumes and fractions of heavy trucks. Emission of noble metals from catalytic converters appeared to be impacted by the presence of older vehicles. Elements related to brake wear were impacted by enriched road dust resuspension, but correlations between these elements in PM2.5 indicate that direct brake wear emissions are also important. A submicrometer particle mode was observed in the emissions of Pb, Ca, Fe, and Cu. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jschauer@engr.wisc.edu OI Lough, Glynis/0000-0002-9152-6520 NR 52 TC 321 Z9 331 U1 35 U2 258 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 826 EP 836 DI 10.1021/es048715f PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893IN UT WOS:000226712600031 PM 15757346 ER PT J AU Tilton, SC Foran, CM Benson, WH AF Tilton, SC Foran, CM Benson, WH TI Relationship between ethinylestradiol-mediated changes in endocrine function and reproductive impairment in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; Japanese medaka; ethinylestradiol; reproduction; vitellogenin ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; CYTOCHROME-P450 AROMATASE; CHANNEL CATFISH; MESSENGER-RNA; STW EFFLUENT; EXPOSURE; ESTRADIOL AB Many biochemical endpoints currently are used to describe endocrine function in fish; however, the sensitivity of these parameters as biomarkers of impaired reproduction or sexual development is not well understood. In the present study, adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were assessed for reproductive output and endocrine function, including circulating steroid concentrations, ex vivo steroidogenesis from the gonads, aromatase activity, hepatic estrogen receptor (ER), and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) after exposure to 0, 0.2, 5, 500, and 2,000 ng/L of 17alpha -ethinylestradiol (EE) for 14 d. The EE altered these biochemical responses at various sites along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis at concentrations as low as 0.2 ng/L, but it only depressed reproductive function at concentrations of 500 ng/L or greater. Offspring also had reduced ability to hatch at 500 ng/L of EE, but this concentration did not produce any other observed changes in development or sexual phenotype. The reproductive parameters correlated well with VTG, ER, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) in both sexes of adult medaka, which could be indicative of the ER-mediated mode of action for EE. Vitellogenin and ER were elevated at higher concentrations of EE in both sexes, whereas GSI was decreased. Overall, most biochemical endpoints were more sensitive than reproduction or development to exposure, indicating that reproductive function may be relatively protected. C1 Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Foran, CM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. EM cmforan@mail.wvu.edu NR 40 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1897/04-016R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 888LM UT WOS:000226375600014 PM 15719995 ER PT J AU Kaldy, JE Cifuentes, LA Brock, D AF Kaldy, JE Cifuentes, LA Brock, D TI Using stable isotope analyses to assess carbon dynamics in a shallow subtropical estuary SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; PLANT PIGMENT BIOMARKERS; WATER-QUALITY PARAMETERS; SOUTHEAST TEXAS; TURBID ESTUARY; BALANCE; METABOLISM; FLORIDA; DOC; BAY AB The sources of carbon, which fuel water column respiration, remain unresolved for most estuaries; our objective was to examine carbon dynamics in a shallow subtropical estuary. We sampled the Sabine-Neches estuary, Texas, during low (November 1999) and high (May 2000) freshwater inflow and measured stable carbon isotope ratios of the dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (delta(13)C-DIC, delta(13)C-DOC), as well as quantifying accessory parameters (salinity, nutrients, total suspended solids, and photosynthetic pigments). Pigment analysis indicated that diatoms were the predominant phytoplankton. Data from the May 2000 sampling event exhibited conservative mixing, indicating that the system was acting as a conduit between the watershed and the Gulf of Mexico. During November, mixing was generally nonconservative indicating extensive recycling of allochthonous and autochdionous carbon sources. Our data imply that both carbon sources had similar isotope ratios that made it impossible to unambiguously determine the dominant source supporting respiration. The nonconservative DIC concentration data indicating an autotrophic sink as well as the strong relationship between delta(13)C-DOC and chlorophyll a, suggest that in situ production was an important component of the DOC pool. We hypothesize that uncharacteristically calm wind conditions during sampling may have promoted phytoplankton settling, removing autotrophs from the water column, but leaving behind a dissolved biogeochemical signature. Interpretation of carbon dynamics may be confounded by spatial and temporal decoupling of producers and consumers from biogeochemical indicators. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Water Dev Board, Austin, TX 78711 USA. RP Kaldy, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, 211 SE Marine Sci Ctr Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kaldy.jim@epa.gov NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1007/BF02732756 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 910PP UT WOS:000227944300007 ER PT J AU Buchanan, C Lacouture, RV Marshall, HG Olson, M Johnson, JM AF Buchanan, C Lacouture, RV Marshall, HG Olson, M Johnson, JM TI Phytoplankton reference communities for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID CARBON CONTENT; CELL VOLUME; RIVER; CHLOROPHYLL; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB Phytoplankton reference communities for Chesapeake Bay were quantified from least-impaired water quality conditions using commonly measured parameters and indicators derived from measured parameters. A binning approach was developed to classify water quality. Least-impaired conditions had relatively high water column transparency and low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate. Reference communities in all seasons and salinity zones are characterized by consistently low values of chlorophyll a and pheophytin coupled with relatively stable proportions of the phytoplankton taxonomic groups and low biomasses of key bloom-forming species. Chlorophyll cell content was lower and less variable and average cell size and seasonal picophvtoplankton biomass tended to be greater in the mesohaline and polyhaline reference communities as compared to the impaired communities. Biomass concentrations of the nano-micro phytoplankton size fractions (2-200 mu m) in 12 of the 16 season-specific and salinity-specific reference communities were the same or higher than those in impaired habitat conditions, suggesting that nutrient reductions will not decrease the quantity of edible phytoplankton food available to large consumers. High (bloom) and low (bust) biomass events within the impaired phytoplankton communities showed strikingly different chlorophyll cell content and turnover rates. Freshwater flow had little effect on phytoplankton responses to water quality condition in most of the estuary. Improved water column transparency, or clarity, through the reduction of suspended sediments will be particularly important in attaining the reference communities. Significant nitrogen load reductions are also required. C1 Morgan State Univ, Estuarine Res Ctr, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US EPA, Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Buchanan, C (reprint author), 51 Monroe St,PE-08, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cbuchan@icprb.org NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 138 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF02732760 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 910PP UT WOS:000227944300011 ER PT J AU Weinstein, DA Laurence, JA Retzlaff, WA Kern, JS Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Weber, J AF Weinstein, DA Laurence, JA Retzlaff, WA Kern, JS Lee, EH Hogsett, WE Weber, J TI Predicting the effects of tropospheric ozone on regional productivity of ponderosa pine and white fir SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; forest dynamics; Ponderosa pine; simulation ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SIMULATION-MODEL; SIERRA-NEVADA; AIR-POLLUTION; YELLOW-POPLAR; GAS-EXCHANGE; TREGRO MODEL; JEFFREY PINE; ACID-RAIN AB We simulated forest dynamics of the regional ponderosa pine-white fir conifer forest of the San Bernadino and Sierra Nevada mountains of California to determine the effects of high ozone concentrations over the next century and to compare the responses to our similar study for loblolly pine forests of the southeast. As in the earlier study, we linked two models. TREGRO and ZELIG. to consider both physiological effects within individual trees and competitive interactions within forest communities. We represented regional effects by simulating at three sites in California, Lassen National Park, Yosemite National Park, and Crestline in the San Bernardino Mountains. At each of these locations. we simulated the response to altered pollutant conditions of 0.5 1.5. 1.75, and 2 times ambient ozone. Of the two major dominant species in this forest, white fir showed little response, but ponderosa pine was predicted to show large effects. Ambient ozone at Crestline (approximately 110 ppm h. and larger than twice the ambient concentration at either of the other sites) was predicted to decrease individual tree carbon budgets by 10%. This effect was predicted to lead to a decrease in ponderosa pine abundance under average climatic conditions by 16%, were these concentrations to continue over the next century. A doubling of ozone at Crestline over the next 100 years was predicted to decrease this budget by an additional 11%, leading to a decline in abundance of 4 %. Effects at the other sites were predicted to be smaller (effects of current ambient ozone on abundance of 10% at Yosemite and 0% at Lassen) in proportion to the smaller exposures at those sites. Decreases in chronic moisture availability at all three sites were predicted to reduce these effects, particularly if ozone exposures rise. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Weinstein, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM daw5@cornell.edu NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.007 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888WL UT WOS:000226404800006 ER PT J AU Juhl, AR AF Juhl, AR TI Growth rates and elemental composition of Alexandrium monilatum, a red-tide dinoflagellate SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium monilatum; dinoflagellate; growth; red tide; salinity; temperature ID GONYAULAX-MONILATA; ALGAE; PHYTOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; SAXITOXIN; POLYEDRA; CULTURES; EXTRACT; BLOOMS; WATERS AB The combined effects of temperature and salinity on growth of Alexandrium monilatum were studied in laboratory cultures. This toxic, red-tide dinoflagellate grew faster with higher temperatures, up to a maximum of approximately I division per day at 31 degreesC. Salinities above 15 psu had a lesser effect on growth rate, as might be expected for an estuarine species. Growth rates of cultures exposed to natural light and temperature fluctuations were comparable to laboratory cultures. The minimum N cell quota suggested that high N flux would be required to support bloom development. A literature survey of documented A. monilatum blooms indicated that within US waters, blooms occur in July-September in nearshore or estuarine regions of the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Atlantic coast. Temperature and salinity measured during blooms correspond to the optimal growth conditions of the laboratory cultures. Nevertheless, the occurrence of A. monilatum blooms is sporadic compared to the occurrence of seemingly optimal growth conditions. Laboratory growth experiments predict when blooms of this species are unlikely due to low growth rates, but so far cannot predict individual blooms. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Juhl, AR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 32, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ajuhl@whoi.edu OI Juhl, Andrew/0000-0002-1575-3756 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2004.05.003 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899UA UT WOS:000227169600009 ER PT J AU McKenney, CL AF McKenney, CL TI The influence of insect juvenile hormone agonists on metamorphosis and reproduction in estuarine crustaceans SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on EcoPhysiology and Conservation - The Contribution of Endocrinology and Immunology CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID CRAB RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-REGULATOR; CYCLIC TEMPERATURES; ANALOG; METHOPRENE; FENOXYCARB; EXPOSURE; BIOMARKERS AB Comparative developmental and reproductive studies were performed on several species of estuarine crustaceans in response to three juvenile hormone agonists (pyriproxyfen, methoprene and fenoxycarb). Larval development of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, was greater than two orders of magnitude more sensitive to disruption by methoprene and fenoxycarb than was embryonic development. Developing larvae of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, exhibited reduced metamorphic success at lower concentrations of methoprene and pyriproxyfen than grass shrimp larvae. These responses suggest that the more rigidly controlled metamorphic process in crabs is more sensitive to compounds acting as endocrine disruptors than is the more flexible metamorphic pattern in shrimp. The final crab larval stage, the megalopa, was more sensitive to methoprene and fenoxycarb exposure than earlier zoeal stages. Mud crab larvae exposed to fenoxycarb had reduced biomass and lipid content, particularly triglycerides and sterols. Concentrations of fenoxycarb which reduced the reproductive capacity in single life-cycle exposures of the estuarine mysid, Americamysis bahia, were similar to those concentrations which inhibited metamorphosis in grass shrimp. Juvenile mysids released by exposed adults and reared through maturation without further exposure produced fewer young and had altered sex ratios (lower percentages of males) at lower parental-exposure concentrations than directly affected parental reproduction. These transgenerational responses may well be a product of irreversible effects during developmental exposures which become apparent following maturation and initiation of reproduction. These findings support using a functional approach as an appropriate screening procedure to evaluate potential environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic environments. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP McKenney, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM mckenney.chuck@epa.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1093/icb/45.1.97 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 926KV UT WOS:000229123000014 PM 21676750 ER PT J AU Tuberty, SR McKenney, CL AF Tuberty, SR McKenney, CL TI Ecdysteroid responses of estuarine crustaceans exposed through complete larval development to juvenile hormone agonist insecticides SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on EcoPhysiology and Conservation - The Contribution of Endocrinology and Immunology CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID GROWTH-REGULATOR (S)-METHOPRENE; CRAB LIBINIA-EMARGINATA; METHYL FARNESOATE; SPIDER CRAB; RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII; ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; OVARIAN MATURATION AB Fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen are insecticides that gain their toxicity by specifically acting as insect juvenile hormone agonists (JHA), and so are endocrine disruptors; by design and effectively prevent larvae from maturing into adults. Efforts to assess the environmental effects of JHAs on nontarget populations of invertebrates have resulted in the utilization of several established estuarine crustacean models. This work was conducted to test the hypothesis that the mortality, inhibition of development and decreased fecundity reported previously in these animals from JHA exposure coincides with abnormal circulating titers of ecdysteroids. Gravid female grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and mud crabs (Rhithropanopeus harrisii), species with different developmental plasticity and JHA tolerances, were collected and held at wet lab conditions (20 ppt salinity, 25 degrees C) until larval release. Larvae were collected < 12 hr after hatch and exposed to JHAs during a static renewal test through end of development with seawater or nominal concentrations of JHA previously shown to induce significant developmental delays and/or decreased body weights. Larvae were subsampled (10 larvae/sample, n = 2 to 8) at each developmental stage, lyophilized, and ecdysteroids extracted by homogenization in 80% methanol and elution from C18 Sep-Pak cartridges with 25%, 60% and 100% methanol to capture the polar, free, and apolar conjugates, respectively, and then quantified by ELISA. As was expected significant differences in successful completion of development (larval survival), developmental duration, and growth (dry weight) were observed. These physiological perturbations were linked with significantly altered ecdysteroid titers, supporting a newly emerging theory that juvenoids possibly act as anti-ecdysteroids through a novel molecular mechanism involving inhibition of ecdysteroid signaling. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Tuberty, SR (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, 572 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM tubertysr@appstate.edu NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1093/icb/45.1.106 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 926KV UT WOS:000229123000015 PM 21676751 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S McKenney, CL AF Raimondo, S McKenney, CL TI Projecting population-level responses of mysids exposed to an endocrine disrupting chemical SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on EcoPhysiology and Conservation - The Contribution of Endocrinology and Immunology CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; ESTUARINE SHRIMP; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; REPRODUCTION; METHOPRENE; FENOXYCARB; CRUSTACEA; TOXICITY AB To fully understand the implications of a chemical's effect on the conservation of a species, effects observed at the physiological or individual level must be expressed in terms of the population. Since long-term field experiments are typically not feasible, vital rates such as survival and reproduction of individual organisms are measured in life table response experiments (LTRE) and employed to extrapolate the effects of a pollutant on the population. The population-level response of the mysid, Americamysis bahia, to varying concentrations of methoprene (0, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62 μ g/L) was determined using age-structured population models. Models were parameterized from the results of an LTRE conducted throughout the entire mysid life cycle. A density-independent matrix model with time invariant demographic parameters was developed to measure the change in population growth rate, X, with change in methoprene concentration. The values of X were greater than one for all methoprene concentrations, indicating that populations exposed to the concentrations reported here would not become extinct. However, a general decrease in X occurred with increasing methoprene concentration and would result in reduced population sizes. Sensitivity and decomposition analyses were conducted to determined the relative roles of the vital rates on altered population growth rates and determined that impaired reproduction was the primary influence on the observed decrease in X. The model constructed was a useful tool for linking the individual-level effects to the population-level consequences of methoprene exposure on mysids, as well as defining the mechanism (reduced reproduction) responsible for the observed effects on population. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1093/icb/45.1.151 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 926KV UT WOS:000229123000020 PM 21676756 ER PT J AU Green, J AF Green, J TI Strategic Plan update: Committee addresses decision-making process SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Green, J (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, 75 Hawthorne St WTR-6, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 908LP UT WOS:000227788800013 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Donohue, JF Kim, CS AF Zhang, Z Kleinstreuer, C Donohue, JF Kim, CS TI Comparison of micro- and nano-size particle depositions in a human upper airway model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microparticle deposition; nanoparticle deposition; human upper airways; computational fluid-particle dynamics ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; LUNG AIRWAY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; INHALED PARTICLES; FLOW STRUCTURES; BRONCHIAL TREE; INJURY; SIMULATION AB Simulation results of microparticle and nanoparticle deposition patterns, local concentrations, and segmental averages are contrasted for a human upper airway model starting from the mouth to planar airway generation G3 under different inspiratory flow conditions. Specifically, using a commercial finite-volume software with user-supplied programs as a solver, the Euler-Euler (nanoparticles) or the Euler-Lagrange (microparticles) approach was employed with a low-Reynolds-number k-omega model for laminar-to-turbulent airflow and submodels for particle-phase randomization. The results show that depositions of both micro- and nano-size particles vary measurably in the human upper airways; however, the deposition distributions are much more uniform for nanoparticles. The maximum deposition enhancement factor, which is defined as the ratio of local to average deposition concentrations, ranges from about 40 to 2400 for microparticles and about 2 to 11 for nanoparticles with inspiratory flow rates in the range of 15 less than or equal to Q(in) less than or equal to 60 l/min. In addition, some airway bifurcations in generations G0 to G3 subjected to high inlet flow rates (say, Q(in) = 60 l/min) may receive only very small amounts of large micro-size particles (say, with aerodynamic diameter d(ae) greater than or equal to 10 mum) due to largely preferred upstream deposition. It has been hypothesized that, uniformly deposited nanoparticles of similar concentrations may have greater toxicity effects when compared to microparticles of the same material. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 NR 64 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 211 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.006 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895TF UT WOS:000226885800004 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, JJ AF Vandenberg, JJ TI The role of air quality management programs in improving public health: A brief synopsis SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; clean air act; public health ID UTAH VALLEY; POLLUTION; INTERVENTION AB Observations of adverse effects of air pollution on public health, illustrated by the London smog events in the 1950s, led to legislation in the United States requiring development of federal, state, and local air quality management programs. The implementation of management programs has resulted in significant reductions in air pollutant emissions from stationary and mobile sources and hence their ambient concentrations and associated health risks. Evidence of benefits from improvements in air quality can be identified from studies in which rapid changes in air quality have occurred. Health risk assessment and benefits estimates also can be predictive, resulting in mean estimates of avoided mortality in excess of many thousands of cases per year as a result of implementation of air quality management programs in the United States. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vandenberg, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, B248, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Vandenberg.john@epa.gov OI Vandenberg, John/0000-0003-2619-9460 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 115 IS 2 BP 334 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.038 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 897YU UT WOS:000227043600020 PM 15696091 ER PT J AU Huling, SG Jones, PK Ela, WP Arnold, RG AF Huling, SG Jones, PK Ela, WP Arnold, RG TI Repeated reductive and oxidative treatments of granular activated carbon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ADSORPTION AB Fenton oxidation and reductive treatment solutions were applied to granular activated carbon (GAC) to chemically regenerate the adsorbent. No adsorbate was present on the GAC so physicochemical effects from chemically aggressive regeneration could be distinguished from the potential effects of accumulation of reaction byproducts. Fifteen sequential oxidation treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and fifteen sequential reduction/oxidation treatments with hydroxylamine and H2O2 on Fe-amended GAC were evaluated. The GAC Iodine number, N-2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, microporosity, and total porosity declined with sequential treatments, but meso- and macroporosity essentially remained unchanged. Similar changes in Iodine number, surface area, and pore volume distribution suggest that the effects of treatment are functional, dependent on oxidation and independent of hydroxylamine reduction. An inverse relationship was established between the number of chemical treatments and contaminant (methyl jtert-butyl ether, 2-chlorophenol, trichloroethylene) adsorption. Loss in sorptive capacity was attributed to the combined and undifferentiated effects of reductions in rnicroporosity and surface area. alterations in surface chemistry (overabundance of surface oxides), and to a lesser degree, micropore blockage by iron oxides. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Huling, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huling.scott@epa.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:2(287) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888QB UT WOS:000226388200014 ER PT J AU Ye, L Mandpe, S Meyer, PB AF Ye, L Mandpe, S Meyer, PB TI What is "smart growth?" - Really? SO JOURNAL OF PLANNING LITERATURE LA English DT Article DE smart growth; sprawl; state policy; local planning ID MANAGEMENT AB A "smart growth" agenda has been adopted by many different organizations. The label thus may have lost any clear-cut meaning due to the divergent perceptions and agendas of organizations using the term. Some appear to have adopted it as a form of political cover, whether for antigrowth or antiregulation positions. In other cases, the principles seem to be reformulated in response to the realities of local planning. This article first reviews smart growth statements from ten national organizations with divergent land use agendas. Despite their differing agendas, their broad conceptual definitions are found to converge. Turning to implementation efforts, the article then reviews forty-nine documents from two states: Georgia and Kentucky. The documents exhibit extreme variety in the meanings ascribed to smart growth. Moreover,few of the plans and policies incorporate multiple interventions, which is a key dimension of the smart growth approach as described by the national groups. C1 Univ Louisville, Ctr Environm Policy & Management, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, US EPA, Environm Finance Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Ye, L (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Urban & Publ Affairs, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0885-4122 J9 J PLAN LIT JI J. Plan. Lit. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1177/0885412204271668 PG 15 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 889PR UT WOS:000226455400002 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Belian, TC Black, KN Minassian, F Natarajan, M Tierney, EJ Lawson, DR AF Cadle, SH Belian, TC Black, KN Minassian, F Natarajan, M Tierney, EJ Lawson, DR TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the 14th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Coordinating Research Council held its 14th Vehicle Emissions Workshop in March 2004, where results of the most recent on-road vehicle emissions research were presented. We summarize ongoing work from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models, light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions measurements, on- and off-road emissions measurements, effects of fuels and lubricating oils on emissions, as well as topics for future research. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Coordinating Res Council, Alpharetta, GA USA. Fed Highway Adm, Washington, DC 20591 USA. S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. Marathon Ashland Petr, Findlay, OH USA. US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 130 EP 146 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895FF UT WOS:000226845600001 PM 15796104 ER PT J AU Linky, EJ Janes, H Cavazzoni, J AF Linky, EJ Janes, H Cavazzoni, J TI Affordable technologies for utilization of methane in a landfill environment: An example of an integrated technology array and evolving institutional networks SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Article DE landfill-gas-to-energy; greenhouse gas credits; aquaponics; technology networking; sustainable development ID MEDIA AB CARIBELATE, the Caribbean Environmental Laboratory for the Advancement of Technological Entrepreneurship is an evolving institutional concept, as well as a physical complex, that provides a dynamic environment for public, academic and private sector organizations to conduct proof of concept technology demonstrations in a landfill environment. This article traces the successful networking of demonstrations at a landfill in New Jersey and the subsequent design of the CARIBELATE project in the Municipality of Carolina, Puerto Rico. The institutional model developed for the Puerto Rico facility has brought together an unlikely combination of stakeholders. Those from the private sector, here called industrial partners, are paired with academic researchers to optimize products for local markets. The basic technology system demonstrated in New Jersey and to be replicated in Puerto Rico removes harmful contaminants from landfill gas and in so doing produces a variety of useful products. A portion of the landfill gas is utilized for micro-turbine electricity generation and for heating a demonstration greenhouse that houses aquaculture coupled with hydroponic crop production, where aquaculture effluents are recycled as plant nutrients. A strict protocol to verify emission reduction is imposed on all the demonstrations at the CARIBELATE project. Although greenhouse gas credit verfication is not the prime mission, it is suggested that the credits verified from these demonstrations are of high quality, and can serve as an excellent training platform. CARIBELATE is conceived to be operated at the municipal level and contribute to income generation and economic development. The continuing networking of stakeholders from the public and private sectors offers some potential guidance for replicating this design in the developing world. C1 US EPA, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Plant Pathol, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Linky, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, New York, NY USA. EM Linky.Edward@epamail.epa.gov; Janes@aesop.rutgers.edu; Cavazzoni@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM JI Nat. Resour. Forum PD FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2005.00110.x PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910HU UT WOS:000227922600003 ER PT J AU Wuerthele, S AF Wuerthele, S TI Pharmacrops and bioterror SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Wuerthele, S (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 8,Denver Pl,Suite 300,999 18th St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM Wuerthele.Suzanne@epamail.epa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 170 EP 170 DI 10.1038/nbt0205-170 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 894NC UT WOS:000226797600010 PM 15696140 ER PT J AU Reichel, V Miller, DS Masereeuw, R Fricker, G AF Reichel, V Miller, DS Masereeuw, R Fricker, G TI Functional analysis of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) in renal proximal tubules SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Spring Meeting of the Deutsche-Gesellschaft-fur-Experimentelle-und-Klinische-Pharmakologie-und -Toxikologie CY MAR 15-17, 2005 CL Mainz, GERMANY SP Deutsche Gesellsch Experimentelle Klinische Pharmakolog Toxikolog C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Nijmegen, Inst Pharmacol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME USA. RI Masereeuw, Roos/N-3582-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 371 SU 1 MA 17 BP R4 EP R4 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 925IM UT WOS:000229046800018 ER PT J AU Kato, M DeMarini, DM Carvalho, AB Rego, MAV Andrade, AV Bomfim, ASV Loomis, D AF Kato, M DeMarini, DM Carvalho, AB Rego, MAV Andrade, AV Bomfim, ASV Loomis, D TI World at work: Charcoal producing industries in northeastern Brazil SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WOOD SMOKE; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; 2-NAPHTHOL C1 Fundactr CRBA, BR-41820770 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Bahia, Dept Prevent Med, BR-41100100 Salvador, BA, Brazil. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kato, M (reprint author), Fundactr CRBA, R Alceu Amoroso Lima 142, BR-41820770 Salvador, BA, Brazil. EM mika@fundacentro-ba.gov.br FU FIC NIH HHS [1 D43 TWO0082701] NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1136/oem.2004.015172 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 888IR UT WOS:000226368000012 PM 15657196 ER PT J AU Lorenzana, RM Troast, R Klotzbach, JM Follansbee, MH Diamond, GL AF Lorenzana, RM Troast, R Klotzbach, JM Follansbee, MH Diamond, GL TI Issues related to time averaging of exposure in modeling risks associated with intermittent exposures to lead SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE blood lead; exposure; lead; modeling; pharmacokinetics; risk ID HUMANS; METHODOLOGY; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; SITE AB Typical exposures to lead often involve a mix of long-term exposures to relatively constant exposure levels (e. g., residential yard soil and indoor dust) and highly intermittent exposures at other locations (e. g., seasonal recreational visits to a park). These types of exposures can be expected to result in blood lead concentrations that vary on a temporal scale with the intermittent exposure pattern. Prediction of short-term (or seasonal) blood lead concentrations arising from highly variable intermittent exposures requires a model that can reliably simulate lead exposures and biokinetics on a temporal scale that matches that of the exposure events of interest. If exposure model averaging times (EMATs) of the model exceed the shortest exposure duration that characterizes the intermittent exposure, uncertainties will be introduced into risk estimates because the exposure concentration used as input to the model must be time averaged to account for the intermittent nature of the exposure. We have used simulation as a means of determining the potential magnitude of these uncertainties. Simulations using models having various EMATs have allowed exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to time averaging of exposures and impact on risk estimates associated with intermittent exposures to lead in soil. The International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) model of lead pharmacokinetics in humans simulates lead intakes that can vary in intensity over time spans as small as one day, allowing for the simulation of intermittent exposures to lead as a series of discrete daily exposure events. The ICRP model was used to compare the outcomes (blood lead concentration) of various time-averaging adjustments for approximating the time-averaged intake of lead associated with various intermittent exposure patterns. Results of these analyses suggest that standard approaches to time averaging (e. g., U. S. EPA) (1) that estimate the long-term daily exposure concentration can, in some cases, result in substantial underprediction of short-term variations in blood lead concentrations when used in models that operate with EMATs exceeding the shortest exposure duration that characterizes the intermittent exposure. Alternative time-averaging approaches recommended for use in lead risk assessment (2) more reliably predict short-term periodic (e. g., seasonal) elevations in blood lead concentration that might result from intermittent exposures. In general, risk estimates will be improved by simulation on shorter time scales that more closely approximate the actual temporal dynamics of the exposure. C1 US EPA, Off Environm Assessment, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Syracuse Environm Res Associates, Fayetteville, NY USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Lorenzana, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Environm Assessment, Reg 10, 1200 6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM lorenzana.roseanne@epa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2005.00576.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 908GI UT WOS:000227775100016 PM 15787766 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ DeVito, MJ Birnbaum, LS AF Staskal, DF Diliberto, JJ DeVito, MJ Birnbaum, LS TI Toxicokinetics of BDE 47 in female mice: Effect of dose, route of exposure, and time SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE BFRs; PBDEs; BDE 47; toxicokinetics ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; PBDES; TCDD; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; INDOOR; WOMEN; PCBS AB 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) is present in commercial mixtures of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are used as flame retardants in a wide variety of consumer products. Despite its small contribution to PBDE global production and usage, BDE 47 is the major congener found in environmental samples and human tissue. No human data are currently available regarding the toxicokinetics of BDE 47 either as an individual congener or in the commercial mixture. Because previous studies have suggested potential toxicokinetic differences between rodent species, this study was conducted in an effort to fully characterize absorption, distribution, and excretion parameters following a single dose with respect to dose, time, and route of exposure in female C57BL/6 mice. Over 80% of the administered dose was absorbed after oral or intratracheal administration, whereas similar to62% was absorbed when the dose was applied dermally. Disposition was dictated by lipophilicity as adipose and skin were major depot tissues. BDE 47 was rapidly excreted in the urine and feces. Of particular interest was the amount of parent compound found in the urine, which was a major factor in determining an initial whole-body half life of 1.5 days after a single oral exposure. Elimination, both whole-body and from individual tissues, was biphasic. Initial half-lives were 1-3 days, whereas terminal half-lives were much longer, suggesting the potential for bioaccumulation. This toxicokinetic behavior has important implications for extrapolation of toxicological studies to the assessment of health risk in humans. C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM staskal.daniele@epa.gov NR 35 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi018 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 888JY UT WOS:000226371400003 PM 15509665 ER PT J AU Wolf, DC Mann, PC AF Wolf, DC Mann, PC TI Confounders in interpreting pathology for safety and risk assessment SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE toxicologic pathology; risk assessment; xenobiotics ID CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE NEPHROPATHY; UNLEADED GASOLINE VAPOR; TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER; MODERATE DIETARY RESTRICTION; 90-DAY CHLOROFORM INHALATION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; OSBORNE-MENDEL RATS; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; DRINKING-WATER; F344 RATS AB The contribution of pathology to toxicity assessment is invaluable but often not clearly understood. Pathology endpoints are the central response around which human health risk assessment is frequently determined; therefore, it is important that the general toxicology community understand current concepts and nomenclature of toxicologic pathology. Toxicologic pathology encompasses the study of changes in tissue morphology that help define the risk of exposure to xenobiotics. Toxicologic pathology is a discipline that has changed and adapted over time including methods of analysis and nomenclature of lesions. As risk assessments are updated for chemicals in commerce, frequently the older literature must be reviewed and reevaluated. When interpreting pathology data from animal studies, it is important to consider the biological significance of a lesion as well as its relationship to the ultimate adverse health effect. Assessing the potential for a chemical to cause harm to humans must include the examination of the entire pathology database in context of the study design, the mode of action of the chemical of concern, and using the most current interpretation of a lesion to determine the significance for human health effects of a particular tissue response. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Expt Pathol Lab NE, Galena, MD USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, NHEERL, ORD, MD B143-06,109 TW Alexander, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wolf.doug@epa.gov NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 202 IS 3 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.06.022 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 894GI UT WOS:000226778500009 PM 15667835 ER PT J AU Haugland, RA Siefring, SC Wymer, LJ Brenner, KP Dufour, AP AF Haugland, RA Siefring, SC Wymer, LJ Brenner, KP Dufour, AP TI Comparison of Enterococcus measurements in freshwater at two recreational beaches by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and membrane filter culture analysis SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Enterococcus; beach; water; enumeration; PCR; membrane filtration ID REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TAQMAN PCR; QUANTIFICATION; PERSISTENCE; ENUMERATION; QUALITY; SAMPLES AB Cell densities of the fecal pollution indicator genus, Enterococcus, were determined by a rapid (3 h or less) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analysis method in 100ml water samples collected from recreational beaches on Lake Michigan and Lake Erie during the summer of 2003. Measurements by this method were compared with counts of Enterococcus colony-forming units (CFU) determined by Method 1600 membrane filter (MF) analysis using mEI agar. The QPCR method had an estimated 95% confidence, minimum detection limit of 27 Enterococcus cells per sample in analyses of undiluted DNA extracts and quantitative analyses of multiple lake water samples, spiked with known numbers of these organisms, gave geometric mean results that were highly consistent with the spike levels. At both beaches, the geometric means of ambient Enterococcus concentrations in water samples, determined from multiple collection points during each sampling visit, showed approximately lognormal distributions over the study period using both QPCR and MF analyses. These geometric means ranged from 10 to 8548 cells by QPCR analysis and 1-2499 CFU by MF culture analysis in Lake Michigan (N = 56) and from 8 to 8695 cells by QPCR and 3-1941 CFU by M F culture in Lake Erie (N = 47). Regression analysis of these results showed a significant positive correlation between the two methods with an overall correlation coefficient (r) of 0.68. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov NR 24 TC 256 Z9 266 U1 2 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 901HG UT WOS:000227273000006 PM 15707628 ER PT J AU Kenyon, EM Del Razo, LM Hughes, MF Kitchin, KT AF Kenyon, EM Del Razo, LM Hughes, MF Kitchin, KT TI An integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of arsenite action - 2. Heme oxygenase induction in mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; arsenite; mice; heme oxygenase ID GUINEA-PIG; RAT-LIVER; IN-VITRO; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM; METHYLATION; EXCRETION; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; PROTEINS AB Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation and its activity has a significant impact on intracellular heme pools. Rat studies indicate that HO induction is a sensitive, dose-dependent response to arsenite (As(III) exposure in both liver and kidney. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of HO induction to administered As(III) dose, and concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in tissues and urine. Levels of iAs, mono- (MMA) and dimethylated arsenic (DMA) as well as HO activity were determined in liver, lung and kidney over time in female B6C3F1 mice given a single oral dose of 0, 1, 10, 30 or 100 mumol/kg As(III). Increased HO activity was a time and dose-dependent response in liver and kidney, but not in lung. Activity peaked in the 4-6 h time range in liver and kidney with the responsiveness in liver being similar to2- to 3-fold greater than kidney. The lowest observed effect levels (LOELs) in this study for HO induction are 30 and 100 mumol/kg, respectively, in liver and kidney. The predominant form of arsenic (As) was iAs in liver at all doses, whereas DMA was the predominant form of As in kidney at all doses. Three- to four-fold higher levels of iAs were achieved in liver compared to kidney. MMA was the least abundant form of As in liver and kidney, never exceeding more than 20% of the total As present. The concentration of iAs in tissue or urine demonstrated the strongest correlation with HO activity in both liver and kidney. Results of this study suggest that HO induction is a biomarker of effect that is specific for tissue iAs because a high, but nontoxic, acute dose of DMA (5220 mumol/kg) did not induce HO in mice. Thus, HO induction has potential for use as a biomarker of effect for inorganic arsenic exposure and may be used as an indicator response to further the development of a biologically-based dose response model for As. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab ETD PKB, Off Res & Dev, US Environm Protect Agcy, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CINVESTAV IPN, Environm Pharmacol & Toxicol Dept, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, US Environm Protect Agcy, Environm Carcinogenesis Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kenyon, EM (reprint author), Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab ETD PKB, Off Res & Dev, US Environm Protect Agcy, Expt Toxicol Div, Mail Drop B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kenyon.elaina@epa.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 3 BP 389 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.08.003 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 889JT UT WOS:000226440000008 PM 15588929 ER PT J AU Gonzales, M Qualls, C Hudgens, E Neas, L AF Gonzales, M Qualls, C Hudgens, E Neas, L TI Characterization of a spatial gradient of nitrogen dioxide across a United States-Mexico border city during winter SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen dioxide; passive diffusion tubes; spatial gradient; GIS; GPS; population exposure ID PASSIVE DIFFUSION TUBES; DEL-NORTE OZONE; AIR-POLLUTION; ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; MAJOR HIGHWAY; EXPOSURE; PASO AB A gradient of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Concentration is demonstrated across metropolitan El Paso, Texas (USA), a city located on the international border between the United States and Mexico. Integrated measurements of NO2 were collected over 7 days at 20 elementary schools and 4 air quality monitoring stations located throughout the city during typical winter atmospheric conditions. Replicate passive monitors were co-located with chemiluminescence analyzers at the monitoring stations for two consecutive 7-day periods. The passive measurements correlated with the analyzer measurements (R-2 = 0.74) with precision of 2.5 +/- 2.2 ppb. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations ranged from 11.0 to 37.5 ppb (mean 20.6 +/- 7.1 ppb). In a multivariate regression model, the site elevation and distances to a main highway and to an international port of entry from Mexico explained 81% of the variance in the passive measurements. The results of this pilot study indicate that proximity to vehicle-related sources of NO2 and site elevation are key predictors for future, more detailed assessments of vehicle-related air pollution exposure in the El Paso region. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr,UNM,LRRI, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Stat Lab, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gonzales, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr,UNM,LRRI, MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mgonzales@salud.unm.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.010 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 892PE UT WOS:000226661700014 PM 15626387 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT Beedlow, PA Hogsett, WE AF Tingey, DT Phillips, DL Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT Beedlow, PA Hogsett, WE TI Estimates of Douglas-fir fine root production and mortality from minirhizotrons SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fine roots; minirhizotrons; Douglas-fir; production; mortality; standing crop ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON ALLOCATION; SANDY SOILS; BIOMASS; FORESTS; STANDS; ECOSYSTEMS; TURNOVER; NETHERLANDS; DYNAMICS AB Minirhizotrons were used to assess the influence of soil resources on fine root (diameter less than or equal to 2 mm) production. mortality. and standing crop over a 2-year period. Two study sites were located. along an elevational transect. in the Oregon Cascade Mountains in mature (>100 years old), closed-canopy Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands growing on soils with differing resource levels. The low resource site (LRS) had lower soil IN, (0.15%, total N) and lower available water capacity (83 mm) than the high resource site (HRS), where soil N was 0.25%, total IN and available water capacity was 143 mm. Minirhizotron tubes were installed at each site during August 1994. To allow time for recovery from tube installation, the first root images were collected in late fall 1995 and then at similar to4 week intervals thereafter. except when snow prevented sample collection at the LRS. Root data from soil cores collected near the minirhizotron cubes were used to convert the minirhizotron data to the units of g m(-2) (to a depth of 60 cm). Tree bole growth, at the HRS. was about twice that at the LRS, while fine root biomass, at the HRS, was only a third of that at the LRS. Seasonally, fine root production started before the onset of bole growth. Fine root standing crop, production, and mortality were consistently higher at the LRS than at the HRS. These findings support the concept that plants allocate more C to fine roots when soil resources are low. Our estimates of fine root production and mortality tend to be larger than previous reports for Douglas-fir stands. These differences can be attributed. in part, to the failure of the previous studies to account for fine root production and mortality between sampling events. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tingey.dave@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 204 IS 2-3 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.010 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888DL UT WOS:000226354300016 ER PT J AU Solhaug, A Ovrebo, S Mollerup, S Lag, M Schwarze, PE Nesnow, S Holme, JA AF Solhaug, A Ovrebo, S Mollerup, S Lag, M Schwarze, PE Nesnow, S Holme, JA TI Role of cell signaling in B[a]P-induced apoptosis: characterization of unspecific effects of cell signaling inhibitors and apoptotic effects of B[a]P metabolites SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE benzo[a]pyrene; MAP kinases; inhibitors; metabolism; apoptosis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RAT LUNG-CELLS; DNA-ADDUCTS; INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION; BAD PHOSPHORYLATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPA1C1C7 CELLS; CYP1A1 GENE AB Here we show that several cell signaling inhibitors have effect on cyp1a1 expression and the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in Hepa1c1c7 cells. The CYP1A1 inhibitor a-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF), the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT-alpha), the ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126, and the p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and PD169316 induced the expression and level of cyp1a1 protein. On the other hand, during the first h the inhibitors appeared to reduce the metabolism of B[a]P as measured by the generation of tetrols and by covalent binding of B[a]P to macromolecules. In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor wortmannin, had neither an effect on the cyp1a1 expression nor the B[a]P-metabolism. In order to avoid these unspecific effects, we characterized the mechanisms involved in the apoptotic effects of B[a]P-metabolites. B[a]P and the B[a]Pmetabolites l3[a]P-7,8-DHD and BPDE-1 induced apoptosis, whereas 13[a]P-4,5-DHD had no effect. B[a]P, B[a]P-7,8-DHD and BPDE-1 induced an accumulation and phosphorylation of p53, while the Bc1-2 proteins Bcl-x1, Bad and Bid were down-regulated. Interestingly, the levels of anti-apoptotic phospho-Bad were up-regulated in response to B[a]P as well as to B[a]P-7,8-DHD and BPDE-I. Both p38 MAPK and JNK were activated, but the p38 MAPK inhibitors were not able to inhibit BPDE-I-induced apoptosis. PFT-alpha reduced the BPDE-I-induced apoptosis, while both the PI-3 kinase inhibitor and the ERK inhibitors increased the apoptosis in combination with BPDE-I. BPDE-I also triggered apoptosis in primary cultures of rat lung cells. In conclusion, often used cell signaling inhibitors both enhanced the expression and the level of cyp1a1 and more directly acted as inhibitors of cyplal metabolism of B[a]P. However, studies with the B[a]P-inetabolite BPDE-I supported the previous suggestion that p53 has a role in the pro-apoptotic signaling pathway induced by B[a]P. Furthermore, these studies also show that the reactive metabolites of B[a]P induce the anti-apoptotic signals, Akt and ERK. Neither the induction nor the activity of p38 MAPK and JNK seems to be of major importance for the B[a]P-induced apoptosis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Environm Med, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Toxicol, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Holme, JA (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Environm Med, POB 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. EM jorn.holme@fhi.no RI Schwarze, Per/I-2080-2016; OI Holme, J. A./0000-0001-6085-5471 NR 56 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 151 IS 2 BP 101 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.12.002 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 901VP UT WOS:000227310600006 PM 15698582 ER PT J AU Hoehamer, CF Mazur, CS Wolfe, NL AF Hoehamer, CF Mazur, CS Wolfe, NL TI Purification and partial characterization of an acid phosphatase from Spirodela oligorrhiza and its affinity for selected organophosphate pesticides SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acid phosphatase; organophosphates; phytometabolism; duckweed; Spirodela oligorrhiza ID LOCALIZATION; PARATHION; ALKALINE; DEGRADATION; PLANTS AB An acid phosphatase from the aquatic plant Spirodela oligorrhiza (duckweed) was isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography and partially characterized. The enzyme was purified 1871-fold with a total yield of 40%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SIDS-PAGE) of the pure acid phosphatase resolved a single protein band that migrated to approximately 60 kDa. Nondenaturing SIDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed a single protein band around 120 kDa after staining with Coomassie Brilliant blue. Quantitative gel filtration chromatography estimated a native molecular mass of this enzyme to be 120 kDa. Thus, this acid phosphatase likely functions as a homodimer, consisting of two similar 60 kDa subunits. An electrophoretic technique using the flourogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate enabled visualization of an acid phosphatase activity that corresponded to the protein band at 120 kDa on a nondenaturing PAGE gel. It was determined that the acid phosphatase had a pH optimum of 6.0 at 25 degreesC. The enzyme activity appeared to be stable over a broad range of temperatures (110-40 degreesC) and in the presence of the metals Zn2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ as well as the chelating agents ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid. It was shown that this acid phosphatase could hydrolyze a variety of physiological organophosphate compounds including beta-glycerophosphate, phosphoserine, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monphosphate, and pyrophosphate. Furthermore, analysis using capillary electrophoresis demonstrated that this hydrolytic enzyme could transform a wide array of organophosphate pesticides including S-2-ethylthioethyl O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate (demeton-S-methyl); S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate (malathion); O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl (paraoxon); O,O,O,O-tetraethyidithiopyrophosphate (sulfatep); O-2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate (dicapthon); and 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethylphosphate (dichlorvos). C1 CNR, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mazur, CS (reprint author), CNR, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mazur.Chris@epa.gov NR 36 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1021/jf040329u PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 885HA UT WOS:000226146500015 PM 15631514 ER PT B AU Lunetta, RS Knight, JF Ediriwickrema, J AF Lunetta, RS Knight, JF Ediriwickrema, J BE King, RL Younan, NH TI Land-cover characterization and change detection using multitemporal MODIS NDVI data SO 2005 International Workshop on the Analysis on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images CY MAY 16-18, 2005 CL Biloxi, MS SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, Mississippi State Univ, James Worth Bagley Coll Engn, GRI, ERC C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lunetta, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9118-7 PY 2005 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BCU69 UT WOS:000231288600044 ER PT J AU Kopits, E Cropper, M AF Kopits, E Cropper, M TI Traffic fatalities and economic growth SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE traffic fatality projections; motorization; fatalities per vehicle ID VEHICLE OWNERSHIP AB This paper examines the relationship between traffic fatality risk and per capita income and uses it to forecast traffic fatalities by geographic region. Equations for the road death rate (fatalities/population) and its components-the rate of motorization (vehicles/population) and fatalities per vehicle (F/V) - are estimated using panel data from 1963 to 1999 for 88 countries. The natural logarithm of F/P, V/P, and F/V are expressed as spline (piecewise linear) functions of the logarithm of real per capita GDP (measured in 1985 international prices). Region-specific time trends during the period 1963-1999 are modeled in linear and log-linear form. These models are used to project traffic fatalities and the stock of motor vehicles to 2020. The per capita income at which traffic fatality risk(fatalities/population) begins to decline is $8600 (1985 international dollars) when separate time trends are used for each geographic region. This turning point is driven by the rate of decline in fatalities/vehicles as income rises since vehicles/population, while increasing with income at a decreasing rate, never declines with economic growth. Projections of future traffic fatalities suggest that the global road death toll will grow by approximately 66% over the next twenty years. This number, however, reflects divergent rates of change in different parts of the world: a decline in fatalities in high-income countries of approximately 28% versus an increase in fatalities of almost 92% in China and 147% in India. The road death rate is projected to rise to approximately 2 per 10,000 persons in developing countries by 2020, while it will fall to less than 1 per 10,000 in high-income countries. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Kopits, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopits.elizabeth@epa.gov; MCropper@worldbank.org OI Cropper, Maureen/0000-0002-4539-3798 NR 29 TC 158 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2004.04.006 PG 10 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 886VO UT WOS:000226261100020 PM 15607288 ER PT S AU Su, CM Wilkin, RT AF Su, CM Wilkin, RT BE ODay, PA Vlassopoulos, D Meng, Z Benning, LG TI Arsenate and arsenite sorption on and arsenite oxidation by iron(II, III) hydroxycarbonate green rust SO ADVANCES IN ARSENIC RESEARCH: INTEGRATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Arsenic Research held at the 226th ACS National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; ZEROVALENT IRON; CORROSION PRODUCTS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; REMOVAL; WATER; ADSORPTION; ARSENIC(III) AB Iron(II,III) hydroxycarbonate green rust is a major corrosion product of zerovalent iron that is being used in permeable reactive barriers to remediate groundwater arsenic contamination. To optimize the design of iron barriers, it is important to evaluate the influence of geochemical parameters such as pH, time, and arsenic concentration on the interactions of arsenic with iron corrosion products. We synthesized iron(II, III) hydroxycarbonate green rust by neutralizing FeSO4 solution with NaOH and Na2O3 or NaHCO3 followed by air sparging. The synthetic products were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and wet chemical analysis. We conducted batch sorption experiments with arsenate and arsenite in an anaerobic glovebox. The pH ranged from 7.5 to 10.7. Both arsenate and arsenite sorption increased with increasing time tip to 60 days. More arsenite was sorbed at pH 7.5 than at pH 10.4. Arsenite showed much higher sorption than arsenate. Sorbed arsenite (Lip to 90 g kg(-1)) was partially oxidized at the surface of carbonate green rust. Oxidation of sorbed arsenite could be advantageous because arsenate is generally less toxic and less mobile than arsenite. C1 US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3913-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 915 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0915.ch003 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BDZ01 UT WOS:000236279300003 ER PT S AU Shevade, S Ford, RG AF Shevade, S Ford, RG BE ODay, PA Vlassopoulos, D Meng, Z Benning, LG TI Zeolite performance as an anion exchanger for arsenic sequestration in water SO ADVANCES IN ARSENIC RESEARCH: INTEGRATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Arsenic Research held at the 226th ACS National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID REMOVAL; ADSORPTION AB Zeolites are well known for their use in ion exchange and acid catalysis reactions. The use of zeolites in anion or ligand exchange reactions is less studied. The NH4+ form of zeolite Y (NY6, Faujasite) has been tested in this work to evaluate its performance for arsenic removal from water in continuous-flow reactions. Zeolite NY6 performed well for arsenate removal under simple and complex inlet chemistries. The results from column studies indicate that contact time and zeolite particle size can be varied to optimize both the physical and chemical performance of the continuous-flow process. Evaluation of a physical mixture of NY6 and the NH4+ form of zeolite ZSM-5 indicate the potential for treatment of complex contaminant streams containing As, Cd, Pb and MTBE. Overall, these experimental results indicate that synthetic zeolites offer significant flexibility in designing continuous-flow treatment processes for the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants in aqueous waste streams. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Shevade, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM siddhesh_shevade@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3913-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 915 BP 306 EP 320 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0915.ch022 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BDZ01 UT WOS:000236279300022 ER PT S AU Lee, MK Saunders, JA Wilkin, RT Mohammad, S AF Lee, MK Saunders, JA Wilkin, RT Mohammad, S BE ODay, PA Vlassopoulos, D Meng, Z Benning, LG TI Geochemical modeling of arsenic speciation and mobilization: Implications for bioremediation SO ADVANCES IN ARSENIC RESEARCH: INTEGRATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Arsenic Research held at the 226th ACS National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID GROUND-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; SEDIMENTS; PYRITE; BANGLADESH; AQUIFERS; INDIA AB Geochemical modeling techniques were used to examine the biogeochemical linkages between Fe, S, and As in shallow alluvial aquifers. We modeled: 1) the adsorption and desorption of As onto the surface of hydrous ferric oxides (HFO's) in stream beds under aerobic conditions; 2) reductive dissolution of HFO by iron-reducing bacteria in anaerobic conditions; and 3) precipitation and sorption of As under sulfate-reducing conditions. The modeling results indicate that reductive dissolution of HFO, rather than desorption, is the main trigger leading to the release of As under near-neutral pH conditions. Dissolved arsenic may be removed by co-precipitation or precipitation with iron or arsenic sulfides under reducing conditions. However, the formation of soluble thioarsenite species at high H2S/Fe ratios would enhance As mobility. Moreover, As concentrations would remain high in Fe-free solutions when the precipitation of arsenic sulfide solids such as orpiment (As2S3) or realgar (AsS) is kinetically prohibited or when their amorphous precursors are formed. Geochemical modeling of sulfate reduction shows the Eh effect on mineral precipitation and pH controls on the sorption of As in acidic waters. As(V) sorbs strongly onto the protonated sites of HFO over the pH range of 3 to 6. As(Ill) sorption is also favored by increasing pH, however, As(Ill) desorbs and becomes mobilized at very low oxidation state as it reacts with reduced sulfur to form thioarsenite complexes. This study demonstrates the importance of using geochemical modeling techniques to evaluate the transport and mobility of As in natural waters. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Lee, MK (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3913-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 915 BP 398 EP 413 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0915.ch029 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BDZ01 UT WOS:000236279300029 ER PT S AU Moudgal, CJ AF Moudgal, Chandrika J. BE Simos, T Maroulis, G TI Applying computational methods to assess the toxicity of chemical and biological agents that lack empirical data SO Advances in Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2005, Vols 4 A & 4 B SE LECTURE SERIES ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2005) CY OCT 21-26, 2005 CL Corinth, GREECE SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE threat agents; toxicity; QSAR; VFAR; risk assessment AB As terrorism-related activity increases in the US and other countries, it is important that the scientific community lends assistance to the affected population regarding potential health effects of the threat agents used in terrorism. Since traditional toxicity data are often absent for most chemical and biological agents, alternative methods such as QSARs and VFARs have to be applied to estimate the heath effects of the aforementioned threat agents. This presentation will summarize the risk assessment process within U.S.EPA and will outline QSAR methods that have been applied to date to fill in the experimental data gaps. In addition, the presentation will also cover some future research plans to estimate hazards from chemical and biological agents using computational methods. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Threat & Consequence Assessment Div, Tualatin, OR 97062 USA. RP Moudgal, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Threat & Consequence Assessment Div, 22350 SW 111th Ave, Tualatin, OR 97062 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4196 BN 90-6764-443-9 J9 LECT SER COMPUTER CO PY 2005 VL 4A-4B BP 800 EP 801 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Physics GA BEL90 UT WOS:000238054400197 ER PT J AU Vesper, MJ Vesper, S Kahane, D Haugland, R AF Vesper, MJ Vesper, S Kahane, D Haugland, R TI Mold-specific quantitative PCR: The emerging standard in mold analysis SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ASPERGILLUS; DUST C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vesper, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 10 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 909FD UT WOS:000227844900003 ER PT J AU Riediker, M Herbst, MC Devlin, RB Griggs, TR Bromberg, PA Cascio, WE AF Riediker, M Herbst, MC Devlin, RB Griggs, TR Bromberg, PA Cascio, WE TI Effect of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on a state highway patrol trooper's heart rate variability SO ANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrocardiography, ambulatory; stress, psychological; heart rate variability; human; adult ID PARTICULATE MATTER; EXPOSURE; CARS AB Background: On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States. By coincidence, a North Carolina highway patrol trooper was wearing an ambulatory ECG Holter monitor at this time as part of an air pollution study. Methods: Heart rate variability parameters were analyzed: standard deviation of normal to normal beat intervals (SDNN) and percentage of interval differences > 50 ms (PNN50). Results: The trooper's heart rate variability changed immediately after learning about the terrorist attacks. Heart rate increased and PNN50 decreased, while SDNN increased strongly. Conclusions: These changes suggest strong emotional sympathetic stress associated with parasympathetic withdrawal in response to the news about the terrorist attack. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lund Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. N Carolina State Highway Patrol, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Riediker, M (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Inst Occupat Hlth Sci, Rue Bugnon 19, CH-1006 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM michael.riediker@alumni.ethz.ch OI Riediker, Michael/0000-0002-5268-864X NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL FUTURA PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 01248-5018 USA SN 1082-720X J9 ANN NONINVAS ELECTRO JI Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2005.00612.x PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 892EO UT WOS:000226633000012 PM 15649242 ER PT S AU Kunkel, TA Erie, DA AF Kunkel, TA Erie, DA TI DNA mismatch repair SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Biochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE DNA replication fidelity; mutagenesis; mutator; genome instability; error correction ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL-CANCER; CLASS-SWITCH RECOMBINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MUTS; REPLICATION PROTEIN-A; HUMAN EXONUCLEASE-I; CEREVISIAE MSH2-MSH6 COMPLEX; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; CENTER-DOT-C; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionarily conserved process that corrects mismatches generated during DNA replication and escape proofreading. MMR proteins also participate in many other DNA transactions, such that inactivation of MMR can have wide-ranging biological consequences, which can be either beneficial or detrimental. We begin this review by briefly considering the multiple functions of MMR proteins and the consequences of impaired function. We then focus on the biochemical mechanism of MMR replication errors. Emphasis is on structure-function studies of MMR proteins, on how mismatches are recognized, on the process by which the newly replicated strand is identified, and on excision of the replication error. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Venable & Kenal Labs, Curriculum Mat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Genet Mol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov; derie@unc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-54316] NR 182 TC 719 Z9 741 U1 17 U2 178 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4154 BN 978-0-8243-0874-2 J9 ANNU REV BIOCHEM JI Annu. Rev. Biochem. PY 2005 VL 74 BP 681 EP 710 DI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133243 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 955OH UT WOS:000231235100023 PM 15952900 ER PT J AU Bergin, MS West, JJ Keating, TJ Russell, AG AF Bergin, MS West, JJ Keating, TJ Russell, AG TI Regional atmospheric pollution and transboundary air quality management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ozone; particulates; mercury; POPs; climate ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MILK MONITORING PROGRAMS; CENTRAL-AMERICAN FIRES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASIAN AEROSOLS; TIME-SERIES AB The regional nature of several important air pollutants, which include acids, ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organics (POPs), is widely recognized by researchers and decision makers. Such pollutants are transported regionally over scales from about 100 to a few 1000s of kilometers, large enough to cross state, provincial, national, and even continental boundaries. Managing these regional pollutants requires overcoming political, economic, and cultural differences to establish cooperation between multiple jurisdictions, and it requires recognition of the linkages between pollutants and of impacts at different geographic scales. Here, regional dynamics of the pollutants are discussed, addressing them individually and as a tightly linked physical and chemical system. Collaborative efforts to characterize and manage regional pollution are presented, along with potential directions for future efforts. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM michelle.bergin@ce.gatech.edu; jwest@princeton.edu; keating.terry@epamail.epa.gov; ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu RI West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 131 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144138 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995OE UT WOS:000234111200002 ER PT S AU Kleeberger, SR Peden, D AF Kleeberger, SR Peden, D TI Gene-environment interactions in asthma and other respiratory diseases SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE SE Annual Review of Medicine LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE pollutant; allergen; polymorphism; linkage analysis ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; S-TRANSFERASE M1; CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; CLASS-II ALLELES; CHILDHOOD LUNG-FUNCTION; HOUSE-DUST ENDOTOXIN; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; AIR-POLLUTION AB It is generally agreed that many lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have polygenic inheritance, and that the association of a specific genotype or genotypes with the disease is likely to vary between populations. Furthermore, it is recognized that the etiology of many lung diseases involves a complex interplay between genetic background and exposure to multiple environmental stimuli, and understanding the mechanisms through which genes and environment interact represents a major challenge for pulmonary researchers. We discuss experimental approaches and challenges that must be overcome to identify disease genes for asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis, and occupational lung diseases. In particular, common polymorphisms in CD14, glutathione S-transferase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha have been found to be important in gene-environment interaction and asthma pathogenesis. An understanding of gene-environment interactions in complex lung diseases is essential to the development of new strategies for lung disease prevention and treatment. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Environm Genet Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Div Immunol & Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kleeberger, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Environm Genet Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kleeber1@niehs.nih.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL6262404, R01-HL66559] NR 107 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4219 BN 978-0-8243-0556-7 J9 ANNU REV MED JI Annu. Rev. Med. PY 2005 VL 56 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1146/annurev/med.56.062904.144908 PG 18 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904ND UT WOS:000227504100021 PM 15660518 ER PT J AU Shen, M Berndt, SI Rothman, N Mumford, JL He, XZ Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Keohavong, P Donahue, M Zheng, TZ Caporaso, N Lan, Q AF Shen, M Berndt, SI Rothman, N Mumford, JL He, XZ Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Keohavong, P Donahue, M Zheng, TZ Caporaso, N Lan, Q TI Polymorphisms in the DNA base excision repair genes APEX1 and XRCC1 and lung cancer risk in Xuan Wei, China SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; DNA repair; single nucleotide polymorphism; APEX1; XRCC1; ADPRT; LIG3 ID COAL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; MUTATIONS; XPD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION; MECHANISMS; FREQUENCY; VARIANTS; EXPOSURE AB The lung cancer mortality rate in Xuan Wei is among the highest in China and has been causally attributed to high exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions, which contain high levels of PAHs and can lead to modified bases. We studied genetic polymorphisms in four DNA base excision repair genes in a population-based case-control study in Xuan Wei with 122 lung cancer cases and 122 controls. Homozygous carriers of the APEX1 148Glu variant had an increased risk (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 0.96-4.74), whereas persons with the XRCC1 399Gln allele had a decreased risk (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.35-1.02) of lung cancer compared with wild-type carriers. Subjects with both at-risk genotypes (APEX1 Glu148Glu and XRCC1 Arg399Arg) had a higher risk of lung cancer (OR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.16-9.67). We found genetic variants in APEX1 and XRCC1 may alter the risk of lung cancer in a special population in China. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environ Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100005, Peoples R China. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Shen, M (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, MSC 7240,6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 511, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM shenmi@mail.nih.gov OI Keohavong, Phouthone/0000-0001-7812-4925 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1B BP 537 EP 542 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 913FW UT WOS:000228138000024 PM 15816625 ER PT J AU Rose, LJ Rice, EW Jensen, B Murga, R Peterson, A Donlan, RM Arduino, MJ AF Rose, LJ Rice, EW Jensen, B Murga, R Peterson, A Donlan, RM Arduino, MJ TI Chlorine inactivation of bacterial bioterrorism agents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION; WATER AB Seven species of bacterial select agents were tested for susceptibility to free available chlorine (FAC). Under test conditions, the FAC routinely maintained in potable water would be sufficient to reduce six species by 2 orders of magnitude within 10 min. Water contaminated with spores of Bacillus anthracis spores would require further treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lrose@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 566 EP 568 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.1.566-568.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 889QZ UT WOS:000226458800074 PM 15640238 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Keller-Byrne, J AF Wright, J. Michael Keller-Byrne, Jane TI Environmental determinants of Parkinson's disease SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE agricultural occupation; environmental exposures; farming; movement disorders; Parkinson's disease; pesticides; rural environment; well water consumption ID RISK-FACTORS; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; HERBICIDE PARAQUAT; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; DIETARY IRON; YOUNG-ONSET; POPULATION; DEGENERATION AB Increasing toxicologic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that pesticides and other environmental exposures are associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Using a case-control study, the authors examined the impact of farming, pesticide use, rural residence, and well water use (including critical periods of childhood exposure) on the risk of Parkinson's disease. After adjustment for confounding, :40 years of well-water exposure (compared to no well water use) was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 2.3-22.1). The authors found an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.7-6.4) for well water use during the first 20 years of life (compared with < 20 years of exposure) and saw some suggestion of an exposure-response relationship with increasing childhood exposure. Fanning and pesticide use (occupational or residential) was not associated with Parkinson's disease but exposure assessment limitations warrant further investigation. C1 So Illinois Univ, Program Environm Studies, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Publ Hlth, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. RP Wright, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wright.michael@epa.gov NR 71 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.1.32-38 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 060KG UT WOS:000238800500005 PM 16961006 ER PT J AU Baker, B Bai, JH Johnson, C Cai, ZT Li, QJ Wang, YF Guenther, A Greenberg, J Klinger, L Geron, C Rasmussen, R AF Baker, B Bai, JH Johnson, C Cai, ZT Li, QJ Wang, YF Guenther, A Greenberg, J Klinger, L Geron, C Rasmussen, R TI Wet and dry season ecosystem level fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes from a southeast Asian secondary forest and rubber tree plantation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE isoprene; monoterpenes; biogenic volatile organic compounds; eddy covariance; Hevea brasiliensis ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; QUERCUS-ILEX L; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; RATE VARIABILITY; RAIN-FOREST; MODEL; OZONE; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE AB Canopy scale fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes were investigated in both wet and dry seasons above a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)/secondary tropical forest in the Yunnan province of southwestern China. Drought conditions were unusually high during the dry season experiment. The eddy covariance measurement technique was used to measure isoprene fluxes, while monoterpene fluxes were modeled based on leaf level emission measurements. Maximum observed isoprene fluxes occurred during the wet season and daytime average fluxes were about 1 mg Cm-2 h(-1). Dry season fluxes were much lower with a daytime average of 0.15 mg Cm-2 h(-1). Wet season isoprene fluxes compare quite well with isoprene fluxes observed from other tropical forests. Monoterpene fluxes came, almost entirely, from Hevea brasiliensis, which is a light-dependent monoterpene emitter. Modeled wet season total monoterpene fluxes were about 2 mg Cm-2 h(-1) (average for the daytime), and in the dry season were undetectable. Extreme drought conditions, and the drought deciduous nature of Hevea brasiliensis may be the cause of the low dry season fluxes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota Sch Minea & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Yunnan 666303, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Inst Noet Sci, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oregon Grad Inst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Minea & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.033 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889QV UT WOS:000226458400018 ER PT J AU Ottinger, MA Brugger, KE Touart, L AF Ottinger, MA Brugger, KE Touart, L TI Endocrine disrupting chemicals SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Crop Protect Prod, Newark, DE 19711 USA. US EPA, OPPTS, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ottinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 922ZR UT WOS:000228878900001 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Domingo, JWS Meckes, MC AF Williams, MM Domingo, JWS Meckes, MC TI Population diversity in model potable water biofilms receiving chlorine or chloramine residual SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE chloramine; monochloramine; non-tuberculous mycobacteria; potable water; biofilm; chlorine ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM SIMULATOR; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; DRINKING-WATER; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; BACTERIA; COLIFORMS; MONOCHLORAMINE; ENUMERATION AB Most water utilities use chlorine or chloramine to produce potable water. These disinfecting agents react with water to produce residual oxidants within a water distribution system (WDS) to control bacterial growth. While monochloramine is considered more stable than chlorine, little is known about the effect it has on WDS biofilms. Community structure of 10-week old WDS biofilms exposed to disinfectants was assessed after developing model biofilms from unamended distribution water. Four biofilm types were developed on polycarbonate slides within annular reactors while receiving chlorine, chloramine, or inactivated disinfectant residual. Eubacteria were identified through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The model WDS biofilm exposed to chloramine mainly contained Mycobacterium and Dechloromonas sequences, while a variety of alpha- and additional beta-proteobacteria dominated the 16S rDNA clone libraries in the other three biofilms. Additionally, bacterial clones distantly related to Legionella were found in one of the biofilms receiving water with inactivated chlorine residual. The biofilm reactor receiving chloraminated water required increasing amounts of disinfectant after 2 weeks to maintain chlorine residual. In contrast, free chlorine residual remained steady in the reactor that received chlorinated water. The differences in bacterial populations of potable water biofilms suggest that disinfecting agents can influence biofilm development. These results also suggest that biofilm communities in distribution systems are capable of changing in response to disinfection practices. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1080/08927010500452695 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 019AW UT WOS:000235809000006 PM 16522541 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Gray, LE TI Combination dose of two phthalates additively depresses testosterone production and INSL3 gene expression in male rat fetuses. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556300091 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Howdeshell, K Furr, J Lambright, C Stoker, T Noriega, N AF Gray, LE Howdeshell, K Furr, J Lambright, C Stoker, T Noriega, N TI Exposure to diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) delays puberty and reduces androgen-dependent tissue weights in long evans hooded and Sprague Dawley male rats. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556300299 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Lambright, C Furr, J Howdeshell, K Gray, E AF Wilson, VS Lambright, C Furr, J Howdeshell, K Gray, E TI The herbicide linuron reduces fetal testosterone production during both in utero and in vitro exposures. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556300307 ER PT J AU Stoker, TE Buckalew, AR Ferrell, JM Cooper, RL AF Stoker, TE Buckalew, AR Ferrell, JM Cooper, RL TI Effect of simazine on male reproductive development in the rat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556300334 ER PT J AU White, SS Rayner, JL Hines, EP Thibodeaux, JR Fenton, SE AF White, SS Rayner, JL Hines, EP Thibodeaux, JR Fenton, SE TI Stunted mouse mammary gland development, in the absence of body weight effects, following prenatal exposure to PFOA. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 142 EP 143 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556300335 ER PT J AU Goto, M Goulding, EH Eddy, EM O'Brien, DA AF Goto, M Goulding, EH Eddy, EM O'Brien, DA TI Male mice lacking speriolin produce defective sperm and abnormal zygotes. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556300378 ER PT J AU Hewitt, SC Korach, KS AF Hewitt, SC Korach, KS TI Estren behaves as a weak estrogen rather than a non-genomic selective activator in the uterus. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556301031 ER PT J AU Jackson, T Rosen, M Furr, J Schmid, J Gray, LE AF Jackson, T Rosen, M Furr, J Schmid, J Gray, LE TI Assessing vinclozolin for antiandrogenic activity: A dose-response study of gene expression in the rat ventral prostate. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 191 EP 191 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556301083 ER PT J AU Jayes, FCL Couse, JF Emmen, JMA Korach, KS AF Jayes, FCL Couse, JF Emmen, JMA Korach, KS TI Serum inhibin-A levels in estrogen receptor-null mice are increased in females lacking trogen receptor-alpha but not estrogen receptor-beta. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 223 EP 224 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556301229 ER PT J AU Ryan, BC Gray, LE Crofton, KM Vandenbergh, JG AF Ryan, BC Gray, LE Crofton, KM Vandenbergh, JG TI Developmental exposure to environmental estrogens alters adult behavior and physiology in the rat. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct, Quebec City, CANADA HO Ctr Rech Biol Reproduct C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2005 SI SI BP 227 EP 227 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 946EX UT WOS:000230556301244 ER PT J AU Lim, KH Le, Y Putnam-Evans, C DeRose, E London, R AF Lim, KH Le, Y Putnam-Evans, C DeRose, E London, R TI NMR studies of a model amyloidogenic SH3 domain protein SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 558A EP 558A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502727 ER PT J AU Canter, DA Gunning, D Rodgers, P O'Connor, L Traunero, C Kempter, CJ AF Canter, DA Gunning, D Rodgers, P O'Connor, L Traunero, C Kempter, CJ TI Remediation of Bacillus anthracis contamination in the US department of justice mail facility SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE; DISINFECTION AB The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) mail facility in Landover, Maryland, was contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores as a result of the 2001 anthrax bioterrorism attacks through the U.S. postal system. Surface environmental sampling within the facility indicated that the contamination was due to receipt of mail that had come in contact with Bacillus anthracis spores from the source letters at the Brentwood postal facility in Washington, DC. The DOJ adopted a two-pronged approach for remediating the facility, using aqueous chlorine dioxide to decontaminate hard, nonporous surfaces and paraformaldehyde to fumigate two pieces of mail equipment. Before the start of the remediation activities, all porous materials were removed from the mail area. Since all postremediation environmental samples were negative for growth of Bacillus anthracis spores, the remediation was judged to be effective. The facility remained closed for almost 4 1/2 months. The cleanup activities took about 2 1/2 months, with source reduction activities being the most time-consuming. Of the seven facilities that performed fumigations to remediate Bacillus anthracis contamination, the DOJ mail facility was the second building to be reopened. C1 US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Dept Justice, Washington, DC 20530 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Battelle Sci & Technol Ctr, Test & Evaluat Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Div, Arlington, VA USA. RP Canter, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM canter.dorothy@epa.gov NR 29 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.119 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 944IS UT WOS:000230421300012 PM 16000043 ER PT J AU Boese, BL Robbins, BD Thursby, G AF Boese, BL Robbins, BD Thursby, G TI Desiccation is a limiting factor for eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) distribution in the intertidal zone of a northeastern Pacific (USA) estuary SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE desiccation; growth; intertidal exposure; light; temperature; Zostera marina ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; MODULATED PAM FLUOROMETRY; BANC-DARGUIN MAURITANIA; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; NOLTII HORNEM; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT DEPRIVATION; HALOPHILA-OVALIS AB Intertidal irradiance, temperature, and aerial exposure were measured for two years in intertidal Zostera marina beds located in Yaquina Bay (Newport, OR, USA). These physical data were correlated with plant growth and other metrics measured at intervals during the study. Photosynthesis vs. irradiance (P vs. I) curves were determined by PAM fluorometry on plants along an intertidal gradient, and were used to estimate saturating irradiance (I-k) and daily hours of saturating irradiance (H-sat). Mean I-k values were similar to 64 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) and H-sat increased with increasing tidal position. Measurements taken during the second winter showed that H-aat values in the low intertidal zone were within a critical range requiring eelgrass to use rhizome reserves to maintain carbon balance. However, plants continued to grow. Temperature differences across tidal gradients were not found to be physiologically important. These results suggested that temperature and irradiance were not limiting factors for intertidal Z. marina growth. High intertidal eelgrass, exposed to aerial conditions more frequently and for longer durations, exhibited signs of desiccation damage and appeared to have faster blade turn-over rates in spring and summer than their low intertidal neighbors. Thus, we concluded that the major factor limiting Z. marina in the upper intertidal zone was desiccation stress, which was acute and episodic rather than chronic. C1 US EPA, CEB, WED, NHEERL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Landscape Ecol Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. US EPA, HEB, AED, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, CEB, WED, NHEERL, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Boese.bruce@epa.gov NR 54 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 22 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1515/BOT.2005.037 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 981VZ UT WOS:000233117400003 ER PT J AU Li, Y Millikan, RC Bell, DA Cui, L Tse, CKJ Newman, B Conway, K AF Li, Y Millikan, RC Bell, DA Cui, L Tse, CKJ Newman, B Conway, K TI Polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk among African American women and white women in North Carolina: a population-based case-control study SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; CYP1A1; polychlorinated biphenyls ID CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON LEVELS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; BLOOD-LEVELS; SERUM; PCBS; PESTICIDES; GENOTYPE; RESIDUES; TISSUE; GENE AB Introduction Epidemiologic studies have not shown a strong relationship between blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and breast cancer risk. However, two recent studies showed a stronger association among postmenopausal white women with the inducible M2 polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene. Methods In a population-based case-control study, we evaluated breast cancer risk in relation to PCBs and the CYP1A1 polymorphisms M1 (also known as CYP1A1*2A), M2 (CYP1A1*2C), M3 (CYP1A1*3), and M4 (CYP1A1*4). The study population consisted of 612 patients (242 African American, 370 white) and 599 controls (242 African American, 357 white). Results There was no evidence of strong joint effects between CYP1A1 M1-containing genotypes and total PCBs in African American or white women. Statistically significant multiplicative interactions were observed between CYP1A1 M2-containing genotypes and elevated plasma total PCBs among white women (P value for likelihood ratio test = 0.02). Multiplicative interactions were also observed between CYP1A1 M3-containing genotypes and elevated total PCBs among African American women (P value for likelihood ratio test = 0.10). Conclusions Our results confirm previous reports that CYP1A1 M2-containing genotypes modify the association between PCB exposure and risk of breast cancer. We present additional evidence suggesting that CYP1A1 M3-containing genotypes modify the effects of PCB exposure among African American women. Additional studies are warranted, and meta-analyses combining results across studies will be needed to generate more precise estimates of the joint effects of PCBs and CYP1A1 genotypes. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia. RP Millikan, RC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM millikan@email.unc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50-CA58223, P30 CA016086, P30-CA16086, P50 CA058223]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES07128, P42-ES05948, P30 ES010126, P42 ES005948] NR 39 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-5411 J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP R12 EP R18 DI 10.1186/bcr941 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 886RV UT WOS:000226247000013 PM 15642161 ER PT B AU Lindstrom, AB AF Lindstrom, AB BE Amann, A Smith, D TI Recent developments in exhaled breath analysis and human exposure research SO Breath Analysis: for Clinical Diagnosis and ATherapeutic Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Breath Gas Analysis for Medical Diagnostics CY SEP 23-26, 2004 CL Univ Appl Sci, Dornbirn, AUSTRIA SP Govt Vorarlberg, Bernhard Lang Res Assoc HO Univ Appl Sci ID AIR-POLLUTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OZONE; BIOMARKERS; ASSOCIATION; ISOPRENE; MARKERS C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Methods Dev & Applicat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-284-2 PY 2005 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1142/9789812701954_0023 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BCT23 UT WOS:000231113000023 ER PT B AU Pleil, JD Kim, D Prah, JD Ashley, DL Rappaport, SM AF Pleil, JD Kim, D Prah, JD Ashley, DL Rappaport, SM BE Amann, A Smith, D TI The unique value of breath biomarkers for estimating pharmacokinetic rate constants and body burden from environmental exposures SO Breath Analysis: for Clinical Diagnosis and ATherapeutic Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Breath Gas Analysis for Medical Diagnostics CY SEP 23-26, 2004 CL Univ Appl Sci, Dornbirn, AUSTRIA SP Govt Vorarlberg, Bernhard Lang Res Assoc HO Univ Appl Sci ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER; EXHALED BREATH; METHYL; TOXICOKINETICS; MTBE C1 US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmosphers Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmosphers Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-284-2 PY 2005 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1142/9789812701954_0024 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BCT23 UT WOS:000231113000024 ER PT J AU Pfleeger, T AF Pfleeger, T TI Moving plant toxicology from the greenhouse to the field: A method that incorporates the positive attributes of each SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE; GROWTH; EXPOSURE; HERBS C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pfleeger, T (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0542-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 883QR UT WOS:000226031300004 PM 15768493 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Shoemaker, JA AF Glassmeyer, ST Shoemaker, JA TI Effects of chlorination on the persistence of pharmaceuticals in the environment SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; SEWAGE C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MS 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017 OI Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793 NR 15 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0543-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 883QR UT WOS:000226031300005 PM 15768494 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Campbell, MR Pittman, GS Faulkner, EC Watson, MA Bell, DA AF Liu, XM Campbell, MR Pittman, GS Faulkner, EC Watson, MA Bell, DA TI Expression-based discovery of variation in the human glutathione S-transferase M3 promoter and functional analysis in a glioma cell line using allele-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; RISK-FACTORS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GSTM3 LOCUS; IN-VIVO; CANCER; GENE; PHARMACOGENOMICS; IDENTIFICATION; DETOXICATION AB Discovery and functional evaluation of biologically significant regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in carcinogen metabolism genes is a difficult challenge because the phenotypic consequences may be both transient and subtle. We have used a gene expression screening approach to identify a functional regulatory SNP in glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3). Anttila et al. proposed that variation in GSTM3 expression was affected by exposure to cigarette smoke and inheritance of the GSTM1-null genotype. To investigate the mechanism of GSTM3 expression variation, we measured GSTM3 expression in lymphoblast cells from a human Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain family and observed a low expression phenotype. Promoter sequencing revealed two novel GSTM3 promoter SNPs: A/C and A/G SNPs, 63 and 783 bp upstream of the codon 1 start site, respectively. In this pedigree, the two children homozygous for the -63C/C genotype had 8-fold lower GSTM3 expression relative to the two children with the -63A/A genotype, with no association between A-783G SNP and GSTM3 expression. Further evaluation using genotyped glioma cell lines and with luciferase reporter constructs showed that the -63C allele was associated,with lower GSTM3 expression (P < 0.0001 and,P < 0.003). RNA pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation was combined with quantitative probed-based allelic discrimination genotyping to provide direct evidence of a 9-fold reduced RNA pol 11 binding capacity for the -63C allele. These results show that the GSTM3 -63C allele strongly affects gene expression in human cell lines and suggests that individuals who carry the low expression allele may be deficient in glutathione transferase catalyzed biological functions. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Anal, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bell, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Sect, NIH, C3-03 POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bell1@niehs.nih.gov NR 34 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 884JF UT WOS:000226080200014 PM 15665284 ER PT J AU Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E AF Pillai, UR Sahle-Demessie, E TI Corona-induced photoxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons over TiO2 in the absence of a UV light source - A novel and environmentally friendly method for oxidation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED NONTHERMAL PLASMAS; C-H BOND; REACTOR; GAS; DISCHARGES; REMOVAL; OXIDE AB Corona-induced photooxidation is a novel oxidation methodology for the efficient oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons utilizing the advantage of both the high oxidizing power of ozone formed in the reactor as well as the photooxidation capability of the UV light generated during the corona discharge. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sahle-Demessie.Endalkachew@epa.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 17 BP 2256 EP 2258 DI 10.1039/b418812h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 920VO UT WOS:000228718800019 PM 15856114 ER PT B AU Field, JL AF Field, JL BE Mournighan, R Dudzinska, MR Barich, J Gonzalez, MA Black, RK TI Former US Department of Agriculture/Commodity Credit Corporation grain bin project SO CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4 SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment CY JUN 09-12, 2002 CL Hilo, HI C1 US EPA, Drinking Water Groundwater Management Branch, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. RP Field, JL (reprint author), US EPA, Drinking Water Groundwater Management Branch, Reg 7,901 N 5th St, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23020-3 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 2005 VL 59 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBQ53 UT WOS:000227154700009 ER PT B AU Mahutova, K Barich, JJ AF Mahutova, K Barich, JJ BE Mournighan, R Dudzinska, MR Barich, J Gonzalez, MA Black, RK TI Relationship of environment and security SO CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4 SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment CY JUN 09-12, 2002 CL Hilo, HI AB New definition of national security has emerged. Non-military threats, such as environmental mismanagement, natural resource depletion, overpopulation and the environmental consequences of the Cold War, economic decline, social and political instability, ethnic rivalries and territorial disputes, international terrorism and drugs have been included into the definition of national security. The relationship between environment and security has been under consideration almost two decades. Although nations continue to be central actors in international politics, they increasingly participate and are engaged in cooperation with international and regional organizations to respond to non-traditional security concerns including the environment. The effort of this presentation is to assess the links between environment and security based on conceptual model. This model will show the different factors, which have the influence on the relationship between the environmental change and security as the triggers, catalysts or interactors. These factors help to identify the general types of environmental conflicts. According to this typology of environmental conflicts, there is a large potential for local, regional and international collaboration in the various policy arenas in order to establish the coherent mechanisms to environmental conflict. C1 US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Mahutova, K (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM mahutova.katarina@epa.gov; barich.john@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23020-3 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 2005 VL 59 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBQ53 UT WOS:000227154700014 ER PT B AU Mahutova, K Barich, JJ AF Mahutova, K Barich, JJ BE Mournighan, R Dudzinska, MR Barich, J Gonzalez, MA Black, RK TI Integrated risk assessment and security SO CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4 SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment CY JUN 09-12, 2002 CL Hilo, HI AB It is difficult to assess the risk to security caused by environmental change because the relationship between environmental stress and security is indirect. Environmental stress may cause a series of consequences such as political, economic, social and demographic, and these consequences impact on the potential incidence or escalation of conflict. As we know, the environmental, economic and social issues are interdependent and cannot be pursued separately. The purpose of this effort is to introduce the integrated risk assessment as a practical tool for identifying the potential conflict and consequently the threat to security. C1 US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Mahutova, K (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,OEA-095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM mahutova.katarina@epa.gov; barich.john@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23020-3 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 2005 VL 59 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBQ53 UT WOS:000227154700015 ER PT S AU Tong, WD Hong, HX Fang, H Xie, Q Perkins, R Walker, JA AF Tong, WD Hong, HX Fang, H Xie, Q Perkins, R Walker, JA BE Lavine, BK TI From Decision Tree to Heterogeneous Decision Forest: A novel chemometrics approach for structure-activity relationship modeling SO CHEMOMETRICS AND CHEMOINFORMATICS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemometrics and Chemoinformatics held at the 224th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 21-22, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR BINDING; FORECASTS AB The techniques of combining the predictions of multiple classification models to produce a single model have been investigated for many years. In earlier applications, the multiple models to be combined have been developed by altering the training set. The use of these so-called resampling techniques, however, enhance the risk of reducing predictivity of the models to be combined and/or over fitting the noise in the data, which might result in poorer prediction of the composite model than the individual models. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach, named Heterogenious Decision Forest (HDF), that combines multiple Decision Tree models. Each Decision Tree model is developed using a unique set of descriptors. When models of similar predictive quality are combined using the HDF method, quality compared to the individual models is consistently and significantly improved in both training and testing steps. An example will be presented for prediction of binding affinity of 232 chemicals to the estrogen receptor. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Ctr Toxicoinformat, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US EPA, TSCA, ITC, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Tong, WD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Ctr Toxicoinformat, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, 3900 NCTR Rd,HFT 20, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM wtong@nctr.fda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3858-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 894 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BDP27 UT WOS:000234713600012 ER PT J AU Kartha, S Lazarus, M LeFranc, M AF Kartha, S Lazarus, M LeFranc, M TI Market penetration metrics: tools for additionality assessment? SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Review DE greenhouse gas mitigation; emissions trading; carbon offsets; clean development mechanism; additionality; penetration rate ID ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AB Project-based emission reduction or 'offset' programs are being implemented widely, from the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) to corporate voluntary efforts and municipal and state-level activities. Additionality assessment remains a central and persistent challenge in all programs. Concerns have been raised with methods currently used, such as investment analysis, barrier analysis, and performance thresholds. They have been variously critiqued for high costs, resistance to standardization, weak environmental integrity, and susceptibility to gaming. Technology penetration rates provide another means to infer additionality, and could be a potentially useful complement to other methods. The notion is that emerging technologies with low but increasing penetration rates typically require some type of support, as might be provided through offsets markets, to compete effectively in the marketplace. For penetration rate analysis to provide a useful tool for additionality assessment, several fundamental questions need to be addressed. What do penetration rates represent and how can they be measured? How can additionality evaluation utilize penetration rates? For which sectors and project types are the use of penetration rates most promising? This article shows that penetration tests have a mixture of pluses and minuses, with greater relevance in certain market niches and regions. Reasonable ranges for penetration thresholds are discussed, along with partial crediting approaches to reduce 'knife-edge' effects. C1 Stockholm Environm Inst, Boston, MA 02116 USA. Tellus Inst, Boston, MA 02116 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lazarus, M (reprint author), Stockholm Environm Inst, 11 Arlington St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM mlaz@tellus.org NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAMES & JAMES SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD/EARTHSCAN PI LONDON PA 8-12 CAMDEN HIGH STREET, NW1 0JH LONDON, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 147 EP 165 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 978SM UT WOS:000232893300002 ER PT J AU Molinelli, AR Styblo, M Nakamura, J Swenberg, JA Madden, MC AF Molinelli, AR Styblo, M Nakamura, J Swenberg, JA Madden, MC TI Increased hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA strand breaks by arsenic compounds in human cells SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Molinelli, Alejandro/B-6151-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500481 ER PT J AU Moser, WE Van Devender, RW Klemm, DJ AF Moser, WE Van Devender, RW Klemm, DJ TI Life history and distribution of the leech Oligobdella biannulata (Moore, 1900) (Euhirudinea : Glossiphoniidae) SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hirudinea; Euhirudinea; rhynchobdellida; Glossiphonidae; Oligobdella biannulata; salamanders; desmognathinae; Desmognathus quadramaculatus; Desmognathus marmoratus AB Oligobdella biannulata is a rare, endemic leech species originally described from a mountain stream near Blowing Rock, North Carolina, U.S.A. Specimens of O. biannulata were collected seasonally (fall 1999-summer 2002), documenting new county records from North Carolina and South Carolina and new state records from Georgia and Tennessee, U.S.A. Fifty-one percent of Desmognathus quadramaculatus and 50% of Desmognathus marmoratus were parasitized with O. biannulata. Between late May and early July, O. biannulata leaves its salamander host to lay 15-30 bright yellow, yolky eggs and brood them on its ventral surface. Eggs hatch in 10-20 d, and in about 50 d both hatchlings and adult search for a blood meal. Oligobdella biannulata reattaches to its host between late August and early October. When a desmognathine salamander host is found the adult leech attaches and hatchlings leave the adult, attaching singly or in clusters on the limbs or axillary and inguinal regions of the salamander, blood feeding, and overwintering on the host. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Moser, WE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Zool, MRC-163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moser.william@nmnh.si.edu; vandevenderr@appstate.edu; klemm.donald@epa.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1654/4160 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 894PJ UT WOS:000226803800004 ER PT J AU Ramus, CA AF Ramus, Catherine A. BE Sharma, S AragonCorrea, JA TI Context and values: defining a research agenda for studying employee environmental motivation in business organizations SO CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEHAVIORS; SELF; EMPOWERMENT; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTORS; COMMITMENT; STANDARDS; COMPANIES; MANAGERS C1 [Ramus, Catherine A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ramus, Catherine A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Ramus, Catherine A.] IMD Int, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Ramus, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-005-5 PY 2005 BP 71 EP 95 PG 25 WC Business; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRY39 UT WOS:000283869600004 ER PT J AU Rubes, J Vozdova, M Oracova, E Perreault, D AF Rubes, J Vozdova, M Oracova, E Perreault, D TI Individual variation in the frequency of sperm aneuploidy in humans SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; CHROMOSOME-Y; PATERNAL ORIGIN; DIPLOIDY RATES; INFERTILE MEN; HEALTHY-MEN; SPERMATOZOA; DISOMY; FATHERS AB To examine interindividual differences in sperm chromosome aneuploidy, repeated semen specimens were obtained from a group of ten healthy men, aged 20 - 21 at the start of the study, and analyzed by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) analysis to determine the frequencies of sperm aneuploidy for chromosomes X, Y, 8, 18 and 21 and of diploidy. Semen samples were obtained three times over a five-year period. Statistical analysis examining the stability of sperm aneuploidy over time by type and chromosome identified two men who consistently exhibited elevated frequencies of sperm aneuploidy ( stable variants): one with elevated disomy 18 and one with elevated MII diploidy. Differences among frequencies of aneuploidy by chromosome were also seen. Overall, disomy frequencies were lower for chromosome X, 8 and 18 than for chromosomes 21 or Y and for XY aneuploidy. The frequency of chromosome Y disomy did not differ from XY sperm frequency. Also, the frequency of meiosis I ( XY) and II ( YY + XX) sex chromosome errors did not differ in haploid sperm, but the frequency of MII errors was lower than MI errors in diploid sperm. Frequencies of sperm aneuploidy were similar between the first sampling period and the second, two years later. However, the frequency of some types of aneuploidy ( XY, disomy Y, disomy 8, total autosomal disomies, total diploidy, and subcategories of diploidy) increased significantly between the first sampling period and the last, five years later, while others remained unchanged ( disomy X, 21 and 18). These findings confirm inter-chromosome differences in the frequencies of disomy and suggest that some apparently healthy men exhibit consistently elevated frequencies of specific sperm aneuplodies. Furthermore, time/age-related changes in sperm aneuploidy may be detected over as short a period as five years in a repeated-measures study. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Vet Res Inst, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rubes, J (reprint author), Vet Res Inst, Hudcova 70, CS-62132 Brno, Czech Republic. EM rubes@vri.cz RI Vozdova, Miluse/E-1376-2012 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2005 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1159/000086893 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 968AX UT WOS:000232134400006 PM 16192698 ER EF