FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kaneto, M Krisfalusi, M Eddy, EM O'Brien, DA Miki, K AF Kaneto, Masako Krisfalusi, Michelle Eddy, Edward M. O'Brien, Deborah A. Miki, Kiyoshi TI Bicarbonate-induced phosphorylation of p270 protein in mouse sperm by cAMP-Dependent protein kinase SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE PKA; substrate; AKAP; capacitation ID SOLUBLE ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; MEDIATED SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; FIBROUS SHEATH; ANCHORING PROTEIN; MAMMALIAN SPERM; BOAR SPERM; RAT SPERM; LIPID RAFTS AB Signaling by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian sperm motility. However, it has not been determined how PKA signaling leads to changes in motility, and specific proteins responsible for these changes have not yet been identified as PKA substrates. Anti-phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA substrate antibodies detected a sperm protein with a relative molecular weight of 270,000 (p270), which was phosphorylated within 1 min after incubation in a medium supporting capacitation. Phosphorylation of p270 was induced by bicarbonate or a cAMP analog, but was blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-89, indicating that p270 is likely a PKA substrate in sperm. In addition, phosphorylation of p270 was inhibited by stearated peptide st-Ht31, suggesting that p270 is phosphorylated by PKA associated with an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). AKAP4 is the major fibrous sheath protein of mammalian sperm and tethers regulatory subunits of PKA to localize phosphorylation events. Phosphorylation of p270 occurred in sperm lacking AKAP4, suggesting that AKAP4 is not involved directly in the phosphorylation event. Phosphorylated p270 was enriched in fractionated sperm tails and appeared to be present in multiple compartments including a detergent-resistant membrane fraction. PKA phosphorylation of p270 within 1 min of incubation under capacitation conditions suggests that this protein may have an important role in the initial signaling events that lead to the activation and subsequent hyperactivation of sperm motility. C1 [Kaneto, Masako; O'Brien, Deborah A.; Miki, Kiyoshi] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kaneto, Masako; Krisfalusi, Michelle; O'Brien, Deborah A.; Miki, Kiyoshi] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Reprod Biol Lab, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kaneto, Masako] Shionogi & Co Ltd, Res & Dev Labs, Osaka, Japan. [Eddy, Edward M.] NIH, Gamete Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Miki, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, CB 7090,216 Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM miki@med.unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NICHD NIH HHS [U54 HD35041, U54 HD035041] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1053 DI 10.1002/mrd.20839 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 296UU UT WOS:000255572100009 PM 18357561 ER PT J AU Roni, P Van Slyke, D Mtller, BA Ebersole, JL Pess, G AF Roni, Phil Van Slyke, Dan Mtller, Bruce A. Ebersole, Joseph L. Pess, George TI Adult coho salmon and steelhead use of boulder weirs in southwest Oregon streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESTORATION; PLACEMENT; HABITAT AB The placement of log and boulder structures in streams is a common and often effective technique for improving juvenile salmonid rearing habitat and increasing fish densities. Less frequently examined has been the use of these structures by adult salmonids. In 2004, spawner densities and redd counts of coho, salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in seven Oregon streams were compared between 10 reach pairs: reaches with artificially placed boulder weir structures (treatment) and reaches without weirs (control). In addition, based on annual spawner survey data collected from 2001 to 2005, redd density of steelhead O. mykiss and spawner and redd densities of coho salmon were examined to assess differences among main-stem reaches with boulder weirs, main-stem reaches without weirs, and tributary reaches without weirs throughout one basin (West Fork of the Smith River [WFS]). Numbers of coho salmon spawners and peak redd counts were significantly higher (P <= 0.05) in treatment reaches than in control reaches in the first study. In contrast, no differences existed in coho salmon spawner counts or steelhead redd counts among reaches within WFS. Coho salmon redd densities differed significantly among the three reach types in WFS; redd densities in tributary reaches were higher than those in main-stem reaches either with or without boulder weirs. Both spawner density and redd density were positively correlated with percent gravel. Results from these two related studies suggest that the placement of boulder weirs in bedrock channels leads to localized increases in spawner abundance, although other factors (e.g., amount of spawning area or gravel) appear to influence coho salmon and steelhead spawner abundance, and redd construction at a watershed scale. This also suggests that gravel sources are an important factor to consider when placing boulder weirs or other instream structures designed to improve spawning habitat. C1 [Roni, Phil; Pess, George] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Van Slyke, Dan] Bur Land Management, N Bend, OR 97459 USA. [Mtller, Bruce A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.roni@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 970 EP 978 DI 10.1577/M07-085.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100033 ER PT J AU Luben, TJ Nuckols, JR Mosley, BS Hobbs, C Reif, JS AF Luben, T. J. Nuckols, J. R. Mosley, B. S. Hobbs, C. Reif, J. S. TI Maternal exposure to water disinfection by-products during gestation and risk of hypospadias SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; DRINKING-WATER; DIBROMOACETIC ACID; BIRTH-DEFECTS; TRIHALOMETHANES; CHLORINATION; QUALITY; TRENDS; RATS; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE AB Background: The use of chlorine for water disinfection results in the formation of numerous contaminants called disinfection by-products (DBPs), which may be associated with birth defects, including urinary tract defects. Methods: We used Arkansas birth records (1998-2002) to conduct a population-based case-control study investigating the relationship between hypospadias and two classes of DBPs, trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA). We utilised monitoring data, spline regression and geographical information systems (GIS) to link daily concentrations of these DBPs from 263 water utilities to 320 cases and 614 controls. We calculated ORs for hypospadias and exposure to DBPs between 6 and 16 weeks' gestation, and conducted subset analyses for exposure from ingestion, and metrics incorporating consumption, showering and bathing. Results: We found no increase in risk when women in the highest tertiles of exposure were compared to those in the lowest for any DBP. When ingestion alone was used to assess exposure among a subset of 40 cases and 243 controls, the intermediate tertiles of exposure to total THM and the five most common HAA had ORs of 2.11 (95% CI 0.89 to 5.00) and 2.45 (95% CI 1.06 to 5.67), respectively, compared to women with no exposure. When exposure to total THM from consumption, showering and bathing exposures was evaluated, we found an OR of 1.96 (95% CI 0.65 to 6.42) for the highest tertiles of exposure and weak evidence of a dose-response relationship. Conclusions: Our results provide little evidence for a positive relationship between DBP exposure during gestation and an increased risk of hypospadias but emphasise the necessity of including individual-level data when assessing exposure to DBPs. C1 [Nuckols, J. R.; Reif, J. S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mosley, B. S.; Hobbs, C.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Mosley, B. S.; Hobbs, C.] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Luben, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MC B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luben.tom@epa.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1136/oem.2007.034256 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 302FT UT WOS:000255954900010 PM 18032532 ER PT J AU Klein, MI Bergel, E Gibbons, L Coviello, S Bauer, G Benitez, A Serra, ME Delgado, MF Melendi, GA Rodriguez, S Kleeberger, SR Polack, FP AF Klein, M. Ines Bergel, Eduardo Gibbons, Luz Coviello, Silvina Bauer, Gabriela Benitez, Alicia Serra, M. Elina Delgado, M. Florencia Melendi, Guillermina A. Rodriguez, Susana Kleeberger, Steven R. Polack, Fernando P. TI Differential gender response to respiratory infections and to the protective effect of breast milk in preterm infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE lower respiratory infection; breast milk; respiratory syncytial virus; prematurity; gender ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; INFLUENZA VACCINES; TRACT ILLNESS; HIGH-RISK; DISEASE; MEASLES; SERUM AB OBJECTIVE. The protective role of breastfeeding against severe acute lung disease in infants is well established, but its mechanism is unclear. Most hypotheses assume that breastfeeding confers similar passive protection to every infant; however, a few observations have suggested that the benefits of breast milk against severe lung disease may differ according to gender. The objective of this study was to determine whether the effect of breastfeeding on susceptibility to severe acute lung disease among infants at high risk is different for girls and boys. METHODS. A cohort was analyzed prospectively by use of 2 different strategies: (1) predictors of first episode of rehospitalization by univariate and multivariate analyses using robust Poisson regression and (2) mean number of rehospitalizations between groups using multiple regression negative binomial models. RESULTS. A total of 119 high-risk, very low birth weight infants were enrolled. Breast milk protected girls but not boys against severe acute lung disease. The interaction between breastfeeding and gender was clinically and statistically significant, even after adjustment for variables that can affect severity of acute lung disease. Disease was most severe in formula-fed girls (versus formula-fed boys). CONCLUSIONS. Breastfeeding decreased the risk for severe acute lung disease in girls but not in boys. These findings suggest that breast milk protection is not universally conferred by passive transfer of humoral immunity (which should be gender indifferent), show that respiratory symptoms may be amenable to nonspecific modulation, and identify nonbreastfed preterm infant girls as an at-risk group for severe acute lung disease. C1 [Melendi, Guillermina A.; Polack, Fernando P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Polack, Fernando P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Polack, Fernando P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Klein, M. Ines; Coviello, Silvina; Serra, M. Elina; Delgado, M. Florencia; Melendi, Guillermina A.; Polack, Fernando P.] Fdn INFANT, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bergel, Eduardo; Gibbons, Luz] Inst Efectividad Clin & Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bergel, Eduardo] Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, World Bank Special Programme Res Dev & Res Traini, World Hlth Org, United Nat Populat Fund,United Nat Dev Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bauer, Gabriela; Rodriguez, Susana] Hosp Pediat Juan P Garrahan, High Risk Clin, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Polack, FP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 615 N Wolfe St,E5202, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM fpolack@jhsph.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES100557-06]; NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI054952, R01 AI054952, AI-054952] NR 42 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP E1510 EP E1516 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1757 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 307IX UT WOS:000256313700007 PM 18519454 ER PT J AU Tomimatsu, GS Schneider, WR AF Tomimatsu, G. S. Schneider, W. R. TI Tier risk assessments of biopesticides SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2008 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Tomimatsu, G. S.; Schneider, W. R.] US EPA, OPPTS, OPP, BPPD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 SU S BP S157 EP S157 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304RC UT WOS:000256125600861 ER PT J AU Steffen, A Cole, RJ Burke, K Carter, E Luoni, S Stone, B Halsband, F Hill, K Dale, DM Steiner, F Golden, KC Susman, MM Thomas, JV McDowell, S Antupit, S AF Steffen, Alex Cole, Raymond J. Burke, Kevin Carter, Emanuel Luoni, Stephen Stone, Brian Halsband, Frances Hill, Kristina Dale, Diane M. Steiner, Fritz Golden, K. C. Susman, Megan M. Thomas, John V. McDowell, Steve Antupit, Stephen TI Climate Change and Place Roundtable Discussion SO PLACES-A FORUM OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Steffen, Alex] World Changing, Seattle, WA USA. [Cole, Raymond J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Architecture & Landscape Architecture, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Burke, Kevin; Dale, Diane M.] William McDonough Partners, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Burke, Kevin; Dale, Diane M.] William McDonough Partners, San Francisco, CA USA. [Carter, Emanuel] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Landscape Architecture, Syracuse, NY USA. [Luoni, Stephen] Univ Arkansas, Chair Architecture & Urban Studies, Community Design Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Stone, Brian] Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA USA. [Halsband, Frances] Kliment Halsband Architects, New York, NY USA. [Hill, Kristina] Univ Virginia, Dept Landscape Architecture, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Steiner, Fritz] Univ Texas Austin, Chair Architecture, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Susman, Megan M.; Thomas, John V.] US EPA, Dev Community & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [McDowell, Steve] BNIM Architects, Kansas City, MO USA. [Antupit, Stephen] Mithun, Seattle, WA USA. [Golden, K. C.] Climate Solut, Seattle, WA USA. RP Steffen, A (reprint author), World Changing, Seattle, WA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESIGN HISTORY FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA C/O PLACES, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0731-0455 J9 PLACES-FORUM ENVIRON JI Places-Forum Environ. Des. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA 361YY UT WOS:000260165900017 ER PT J AU Wolski, SC Kuper, J Hanzelmann, P Truglio, JJ Croteau, DL Van Houten, B Kisker, C AF Wolski, Stefanie C. Kuper, Jochen Haenzelmann, Petra Truglio, James J. Croteau, Deborah L. Van Houten, Bennett Kisker, Caroline TI Crystal structure of the FeS cluster-containing nucleotide excision repair helicase XPD SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; DNA-REPAIR; DAMAGE RECOGNITION; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; ATP HYDROLYSIS; OPEN COMPLEX; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION AB DNA damage recognition by the nucleotide excision repair pathway requires an initial step identifying helical distortions in the DNA and a proofreading step verifying the presence of a lesion. This proofreading step is accomplished in eukaryotes by the TFIIH complex. The critical damage recognition component of TFIIH is the XPD protein, a DNA helicase that unwinds DNA and identifies the damage. Here, we describe the crystal structure of an archaeal XPD protein with high sequence identity to the human XPD protein that reveals how the structural helicase framework is combined with additional elements for strand separation and DNA scanning. Two RecA-like helicase domains are complemented by a 4Fe4S cluster domain, which has been implicated in damage recognition, and an alpha-helical domain. The first helicase domain together with the helical and 4Fe4S-cluster-containing domains form a central hole with a diameter sufficient in size to allow passage of a single stranded DNA. Based on our results, we suggest a model of how DNA is bound to the XPD protein, and can rationalize several of the mutations in the human XPD gene that lead to one of three severe diseases, xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. C1 [Wolski, Stefanie C.; Kuper, Jochen; Haenzelmann, Petra; Kisker, Caroline] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Biol Struct, Rudolf Virchow Ctr Expt Biomed, Wurzburg, Germany. [Truglio, James J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Croteau, Deborah L.; Van Houten, Bennett] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kisker, C (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Biol Struct, Rudolf Virchow Ctr Expt Biomed, Wurzburg, Germany. EM caroline.kisker@virchow.uni-wuerzburg.de FU Intramural NIH HHS; Medical Research Council [G0500367] NR 59 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1332 EP 1342 AR e149 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060149 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 318QA UT WOS:000257105500019 PM 18578568 ER PT J AU Kavaliers, M Devidze, N Choleris, E Fudge, M Gustafsson, JA Korach, KS Pfaff, DW Ogawa, S AF Kavaliers, Martin Devidze, Nino Choleris, Elena Fudge, Melissa Gustafsson, Jan-Ake Korach, Kenneth S. Pfaff, Donald W. Ogawa, Sonoko TI Estrogen receptors alpha and beta mediate different aspects of the facilitatory effects of female cues on male risk taking SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boldness; decision making; predator odor; anxiety; fear; social behavior; social recognition; sexual motivation ID ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; MAJOR URINARY PROTEINS; COPULATING MALE RATS; MALE-MICE; GENE DISRUPTION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUAL-RECOGNITION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SOCIAL INFORMATION; BRIEF EXPOSURE AB Mate risk taking and decision making are affected by sex-related cues, with men making poorer and riskier decisions in the presence of females and, or their cues. In non-human species, female cues can also increase mate risk taking, reducing their responses to predator threat. As estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER alpha and ER beta) are involved in the mediation of social and sexual responses, we investigated their roles in determining the effects of female-associated cues on mate risk taking. We examined the effects of brief pre-exposure to the odors of either a novel or familiar estrous female on the avoidance of, and aversive responses to, predator threat (cat odor) in ER alpha and ER beta wild type (alpha ERWT, beta ERWT) and gene-deleted (knockout, alpha ERKO, beta ERKO) mate mice. Exposure of alpha ERWT and alpha ERWT mates to the odors of a novel, but not a familiar, estrous female mouse resulted in enhanced risk taking with the mates displaying reduced avoidance of, and analgesic responses to, cat odor. In contrast, alpha ERKO mate mice failed to show any changes in risk taking, while beta ERKO mates, although displaying greater risk taking, did not distinguish between novel and familiar females, displaying similarly reduced avoidance responses to cat odor after exposure to either a novel or familiar female odor. These findings indicate that the gene for ER alpha is associated with the sexual mechanisms (response to estrous female) and the genes for ER beta and ER alpha with the social (recognition of novel female) mechanisms underlying the effects of female cues on mate risk taking. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kavaliers, Martin; Fudge, Melissa] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Devidze, Nino; Pfaff, Donald W.; Ogawa, Sonoko] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Neurobiol Behav, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Choleris, Elena] Univ Guelph, Dept Psychol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Gustafsson, Jan-Ake] Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. [Korach, Kenneth S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ogawa, Sonoko] Univ Tsukuba, Lab Behav Neuroendocrinol, Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. RP Kavaliers, M (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. EM kavalier@uwo.ca OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES070065-31]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH36273]; PHS HHS [NIMH 62147] NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 634 EP 642 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.02.003 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 314AX UT WOS:000256782200009 PM 18374493 ER PT J AU DeWoskin, RS Thompson, CM AF DeWoskin, Robert S. Thompson, Chad M. TI Renal clearance parameters for PBPK model analysis of early lifestage differences in the disposition of environmental toxicants SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE renal clearance; PBPK models; glomerular filtration rate; tubular secretion; tubular reabsorption; toxicokinetics; pharmacokinetics; early life stage; infants/neonates susceptibility; risk assessment ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; PHARMACOKINETIC-PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERFACE; PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETICS; PLASMA CREATININE CONCENTRATION; AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; DRUG BIODISPOSITION; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; INULIN-CLEARANCE AB Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are being developed to evaluate whether humans in early life are more or less susceptible to adverse effects than adults from exposure to chemicals because of reduced renal clearance. To support the development of such models, data on the rates of glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption, and renal blood flow in neonates and infants were compiled and summarized. All three processes are deficient in the newborn with varying maturation rates during the first months and years of life. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has traditionally been the primary indicator of kidney function, and in fullterm neonates (<1-month-old) is about 30%, of the adult level, subsequently approaching adult rates between 6 months and 1 year of age. Tubular secretion is around 25%, of adult levels at birth, and increases more slowly and more variably than GFR, not approaching adult levels until 1-5 years of age. Limited data on renal plasma flow indicate neonatal rates of only 10-20'% of adult values that rapidly increase to 50% by 6 months, and then approach adult levels by 1-2 years of age. Examples of PBPK model representations of renal clearance for chemicals that are primarily cleared by the kidneys are discussed in terms of their use in evaluating early life stage susceptibility. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [DeWoskin, Robert S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thompson, Chad M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP DeWoskin, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dewoskin.rob@epa.gov NR 98 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 66 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.005 PG 21 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 309IM UT WOS:000256453900006 PM 18433959 ER PT J AU Gift, JS McGaughy, R Singh, DV Sonawane, B AF Gift, Jeffrey S. McGaughy, Robert Singh, Dharm V. Sonawane, Babasaheb TI Health assessment of phosgene: Approaches for derivation of reference concentration SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosgene; toxicity; reference concentration; categorical regression; benchmark dose; benchmark concentration ID PULMONARY HOST DEFENSES; NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE; X TIME-DEPENDENCE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; RATS; INHALATION; INFECTION; RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; LAVAGE AB This paper describes the derivation of the chronic reference concentration (RfC) for human inhalation of phosgene that was recently added to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) data base (U.S. EPA, 2005. Toxicological Review of Phosgene: In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Available online at: ). The RfC is an estimate of daily phosgene exposure to the human population that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. [For this and other definitions relevant to EPA risk assessments refer to the glossary of terms in the US EPA IRIS website (http://www.epa.gov/ IRIS).] Phosgene is a potential environmental pollutant that is primarily used as a catalyst in the polyurethane industry. It is a gas at room temperature, and in aqueous solution it rapidly hydrolyzes to CO2 and HCl. In the absence of chronic human health effects information and lifetime animal cancer bioassays, the RfC is based on two 12-week inhalation studies in F344 rats which measured immune response and pulmonary effects, respectively. The immune response study showed impaired clearance of bacteria that was administered into the lungs of rats immediately after exposure to phosgene at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ppm. It also showed that the immune response in uninfected rats was stimulated by phosgene exposure at all concentrations. The pulmonary effects study showed a progressive concentration-related thickening and inflammation in the bronchiolar regions of the lung that was mild at 0.1 ppm and severe at 1.0 ppm. An increase in collagen content, as observed with histological collagen stains, was observed at 0.2 ppm and above. Though there is considerable uncertainty associated with the species and exposure duration employed, this endpoint is considered an indication of chronic lung injury of potential relevance to humans. Three different approaches for RfC derivation were taken in analyzing these studies: (1) the traditional NOAEL/LOAEL method; (2) the benchmark dose (BMD); and (3) the categorical regression for the analysis of severity-graded pulmonary damage data using the recently revised USEPA CatReg software. The BMD approach was selected as the method of choice to determine the RfC for phosgene because it has several advantages compared to the NOAEL/LOAEL: (1) it is not restricted to the set of doses used in the experiments; (2) the result is not dependent on sample size; (3) it incorporates information on statistical uncertainty. The CatReg approach allowed the incorporation of data on the severity of the pathological lesions, and therefore it complemented the other approaches. The BMD approach could not be applied to the immune response data because it was not possible to define an adverse effect level for bacterial resistance. However, NOAEL/LOAEL values for immune responses were consistent with benchmark dose levels derived from lung pathology data and used in the derivation of the RfC. The preferred RfC method and derivation involved dividing the benchmark dose from the collagen staining data (0.03 mg/m(3)) by a composite uncertainty factor of 100: RfC = 0.03/100= 3E - 4 mg/m(3). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gift, Jeffrey S.; McGaughy, Robert; Singh, Dharm V.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Singh, DV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Singh.dharm@epa.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.03.004 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 309IM UT WOS:000256453900008 PM 18440110 ER PT J AU Pasurka, C AF Pasurka, Carl TI Perspectives on Pollution Abatement and Competitiveness: Theory, Data, and Analyses SO REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; TRADE; PROTECTION; GREENER; OUTPUTS; GROWTH; POLICY; COST; FDI C1 US Environm Protect Agcy 1809T, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Pasurka, C (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy 1809T, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM PASURKA.CARL@EPA.GOV RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016 OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507 NR 85 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1750-6816 J9 REV ENV ECON POLICY JI Rev. Env. Econ. Policy PD SUM PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 194 EP 218 DI 10.1093/reep/ren009 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537NA UT WOS:000273118400004 ER PT J AU Chen, C Guyton, KZ AF Chen, Chao Guyton, Kate Z. TI Do 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline data support the conclusion of threshold carcinogenic effects? SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; low dose extrapolation; threshold ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; RAT-LIVER; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; DIETARY-INTAKE; DNA-ADDUCT; CANCER; MEIQX AB The objectives of this paper are to (1) reexamine the data that were used to support the conclusion of a threshold effect for 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx)-induced initiation and carcinogenicity at low doses in the rat liver, and (2) discuss issues and uncertainties about assessing cancer risk at low doses. Our analysis is part of an effort to understand proper interpretation and modeling of data related to cancer mechanisms and is not an effort to develop a risk assessment for this compound. The data reanalysis presented herein shows that the low-dose initiation activity of MeIQx, which can be found in cooked meat, cannot be dismissed. It is argued that the threshold effect for carcinogenic agents cannot be determined by statistical non-significance alone; more relevant biological information is required. A biologically motivated procedure is proposed for data analyses. The concept and procedure that are appropriate for analyzing MeIQx data are equally applicable to other compounds with comparable data. C1 [Chen, Chao; Guyton, Kate Z.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,Mail Code 8623-D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM chen.chao@epa.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s00477-007-0150-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 290AP UT WOS:000255095300005 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Abbott, BD Wolf, DC Corton, JC Wood, CR Schmid, JE Das, KP Zehr, RD Blair, ET Lau, C AF Rosen, Mitchell B. Abbott, Barbara D. Wolf, Douglas C. Corton, J. Christopher Wood, Carmen R. Schmid, Judith E. Das, Kaberi P. Zehr, Robert D. Blair, Eric T. Lau, Christopher TI Gene Profiling in the Livers of Wild-type and PPAR alpha-Null Mice Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PFOA; PPAR alpha; PPAR alpha-null; gene expression; microarray; liver ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; DRUG-METABOLISM AB Health concerns have been raised because perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA) is commonly found in the environment and can be detected in humans. In rodents, PFOA is a carcinogen and a developmental toxicant. PFOA is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) activator; however, PFOA is capable of inducing heptomegaly in the PPAR alpha-null mouse. To study the mechanism associated with PFOA toxicity, wild-type and PPAR alpha-null mice were orally dosed for 7 days with PFOA (1 or 3 mg/kg) or the PPAR alpha agonist Wy14,643(50 mg/kg). Gene expression was evaluated using commercial microarrays. In wild-type mice, PFOA and Wy14,643 induced changes consistent with activation of PPAR alpha. PFOA-treated wild-type mice deviated from Wy14,643-exposed mice with respect to genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. In PFOA-treated null mice, changes were observed in transcripts related to fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. Hence, a component of the PFOA response was found to be independent of PPAR alpha. Although the signaling pathways responsible for these effects are not readily apparent, overlapping gene regulation by additional PPAR isoforms could account for changes related to fatty acid metabolism and inflammation, whereas regulation of xenobiotic metabolizing genes is suggestive of constitutive androstane receptor activation. C1 [Rosen, Mitchell B.; Abbott, Barbara D.; Wood, Carmen R.; Schmid, Judith E.; Das, Kaberi P.; Zehr, Robert D.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wolf, Douglas C.; Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Blair, Eric T.] Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA USA. RP Rosen, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosen.mitch@epa.gov NR 87 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 592 EP 607 DI 10.1177/0192623308318208 PG 16 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UW UT WOS:000267458800007 PM 18467677 ER PT J AU Wolf, DC Moore, T Abbott, BD Rosen, MB Das, KP Zehr, RD Lindstrom, AB Strynar, MJ Lau, C AF Wolf, Douglas C. Moore, Tanya Abbott, Barbara D. Rosen, Mitchell B. Das, Kaberi P. Zehr, Robert D. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Strynar, Mark J. Lau, Christopher TI Comparative Hepatic Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and WY 14,643 in PPAR-alpha Knockout and Wild-type Mice SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell proliferation; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; liver; mouse; PPAR; PFOA ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; LIVER; FLUOROCHEMICALS; TOXICITY; RATS; SEA; SUBSTANCES; CHEMICALS AB Perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA) is a chemical used in the production of fluoropolymers. Its persistence in the environment and presence in humans and wildlife has raised health concerns. Liver tumor induction by PFOA is thought to be mediated in rodents by PPAR-alpha. A recent US EPA scientific advisory board questioned the contribution of PPAR-alpha in PFOA-induced liver tumors. Liver response in CD-1, SV/129 wild-type (WT), and PPAR-alpha knockout ( KO) SV/129 mice was evaluated after seven daily treatments of PFOA-NH(4)(+) (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) or the prototype PPAR alpha-agonist Wyeth 14,643 (WY, 50 mg/kg). Livers were examined by light and electron microscopy. Proliferation was quantified after PCNA immunostaining. PFOA treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in hepatocyte hypertrophy and labeling index (LI) similar to WY in WT mice. Ultrastructural alterations of peroxisome proliferation were similar between WY-treated and 10 mg/kg PFOA-treated WT mice. KO mice had a dose-dependent increase in hepatocyte vacuolation but increased LI only at 10 mg PFOA/kg. WY-treated KO mice were not different from KO control. These data suggest that PPAR-alpha is required for WY- and PFOA-induced cellular alterations in WT mouse liver. Hepatic enlargement observed in KO mice may be due to an accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles that contain PFOA. C1 [Wolf, Douglas C.; Moore, Tanya] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Abbott, Barbara D.; Rosen, Mitchell B.; Das, Kaberi P.; Zehr, Robert D.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop B305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wolf.doug@epa.gov NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 632 EP 639 DI 10.1177/0192623308318216 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UW UT WOS:000267458800010 PM 18467680 ER PT J AU Morey, JS Ryan, JC Dechraoui, MYB Rezvani, AH Levin, ED Gordon, CJ Ramsdell, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Morey, Jeanine S. Ryan, James C. Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein Rezvani, Amir H. Levin, Edward D. Gordon, Christopher J. Ramsdell, John S. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Liver genomic responses to ciguatoxin: Evidence for activation of phase I and phase II detoxification pathways following an acute hypothermic response in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; ciguatoxin; biotoxin; microarray; liver; gene expression; hypothermia ID GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; CYTOCHROMES P450; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE; MICROARRAY DATA; MOUSE-LIVER; BREVETOXIN; CHOLESTEROL; INDUCTION; CIGUATERA AB Ciguatoxins (CTX) are polyether neurotoxins that target voltage-gated sodium channels and are responsible for ciguatera, the most common fish-borne food poisoning in humans. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response of mouse liver to a symptomatic dose (0.26 ng/g) of the highly potent Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1). At 1 h post-exposure 2.4% of features on a 44K whole genome array were differentially expressed (p <= 0.0001), increasing to 5.2% at 4 h and decreasing to 1.4% by 24 h post-CTX exposure. Data were filtered (vertical bar fold change vertical bar >= 1.5 and p <= 0.0001 in at least one time point) and a trend set of 1550 genes were used for further analysis. Early gene expression was likely influenced prominently by an acute 4 degrees C decline in core body temperature by 1 h, which resolved by 8 h following exposure. An initial downregulation of 32 different solute carriers, many involved in sodium transport, was observed. Differential gene expression in pathways involving eicosanoid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis was also noted. Cytochrome P450s (Cyps) were of particular interest due to their role in xenobiotic metabolism. Twenty-seven genes, mostly members of Cyp2 and Cyp4 families, showed significant changes in expression. Many Cyps underwent an initial downregulation at 1 h but were quickly and strongly upregulated at 4 and 24 h post-exposure. In addition to Cyps, increases in several glutathione S-transferases were observed, an indication that both phase I and phase II metabolic reactions are involved in the hepatic response to CTX in mice. C1 [Morey, Jeanine S.; Ryan, James C.; Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Ramsdell, John S.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rezvani, Amir H.; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS, CCEHBR, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Fran.VanDolah@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn055 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 299MX UT WOS:000255760800008 PM 18353800 ER PT J AU Bohrerova, Z Shemer, H Lantis, R Impellitteri, CA Linden, KG AF Bohrerova, Zuzana Shemer, Hilla Lantis, Robert Impellitteri, Christopher A. Linden, Karl G. TI Comparative disinfection efficiency of pulsed and continuous-wave UV irradiation technologies SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE T4 phage; T7 phage; E. coli; low-pressure UV; medium-pressure UV; water treatment ID LOW-PRESSURE UV; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIAL INACTIVATION; LIGHT TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; RADIATION; LAMPS; DNA; PHOTOREACTIVATION; SURROGATES AB Pulsed UV (PUV) is a novel UV irradiation system that is a non-mercury lamp-based alternative to currently used continuous-wave systems for water disinfection. PUV polychromatic irradiation disinfection efficiency was compared to that from continuous-wave monochromatic low-pressure (LP) and polychromatic medium-pressure (MP) UV systems, using two types of actinometry (ferrioxalate and iodide-iodate) and an absolute spectral emission method for fluence measurement. All three methods were in good agreement. Once accurate and reliable methods for fluence measurement were established, the inactivation of Escherichia coli and pathogen surrogates phage T4 and T7 were investigated under each technology. Inactivation was significantly faster using PUV irradiation compared to LP or MP UV lamps at equivalent fluence levels. A significant fraction of the enhanced PUV inactivation efficiency was due to wavelengths greater than 295 nm. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Linden, Karl G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Impellitteri, Christopher A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Bohrerova, Zuzana] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Lantis, Robert] LightStream Technol, Herndon, VA USA. [Shemer, Hilla] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rabin Desalinat Lab, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bohrerz@duke.edu; shilla@duke.edu; LightStream@CleanTechInventures.com; Impellitteri.Christopher@epamail.epa.gov; karl.linden@colorado.edu OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2975 EP 2982 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 326HL UT WOS:000257649100014 PM 18460414 ER PT J AU Choi, O Deng, KK Kim, NJ Ross, L Surampalli, RY Hu, ZQ AF Choi, Okkyoung Deng, Kathy Kanjun Kim, Nam-Jung Ross, Louis, Jr. Surampalli, Rao Y. Hu, Zhiqiang TI The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE silver nanoparticles; silver ion; AgCl colloid; microbial growth; nitrification; inhibition ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NITRIFICATION INHIBITION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIA; ABSORPTION; TOXICITY; ENHANCEMENT; FLUORESCENT; OXIDATION; SPECTRA AB Emerging nanomaterials are of great concern to wastewater treatment utilities and the environment. The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and other important Ag species on microbial growth were evaluated using extant respirometry and an automatic microtiter fluorescence assay. Using autotrophic nitrifying organisms from a well-controlled continuously operated bioreactor, Ag NPs (average size = 14 +/- 6 nm), Ag+ ions (AgNO3), and AgCl colloids (average size = 0.25 mu m), all at 1 mg/L Ag, inhibited respiration by 86 +/- 3%, 42 +/- 7%, and 46 +/- 4%, respectively. Based on a prolonged microtiter assay, at about 0.5 mg/L Ag, the inhibitions on the growth of Escherichia coli PHL628-gfp by Ag NPs, Ag ions, and Agcl colloids were 55 +/- 8%, 100%, and 66 +/- 6%, respectively. Cell membrane integrity was not compromised under the treatment of test Ag species by using a LIVE/DEAD Baclight(TM) bacterial viability assay. However, electron micrographs demonstrated that Ag NPs attached to the microbial cells, probably causing cell wall pitting. The results suggest that nitrifying bacteria are especially susceptible to inhibition by Ag NPs, and the accumulation of Ag NPs could have detrimental effects on the microorganisms in wastewater treatment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Okkyoung; Hu, Zhiqiang] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Deng, Kathy Kanjun] Rice Univ, Sch Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Kim, Nam-Jung] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ross, Louis, Jr.] Univ Missouri, Electron Microscopy Core Facil, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Surampalli, Rao Y.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Reg Off 7, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Hu, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM huzh@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 485 Z9 512 U1 23 U2 277 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 3066 EP 3074 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.021 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 326HL UT WOS:000257649100023 PM 18359055 ER PT J AU Genet, JA Olsen, AR AF Genet, John A. Olsen, Anthony R. TI Assessing depressional wetland quantity and quality using a probabilistic sampling design in the Redwood River watershed, Minnesota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE aquatic macroinvertebrates; bioassessment; depressional wetlands; index of biological integrity; Prairie Pothole Region; probabilistic survey design; wetland loss; wetland plants ID PRAIRIE-POTHOLE REGION; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; INDEX; ACCESS AB Accurate characterization of wetland condition at a regional or watershed scale requires an assessment that includes both a quantity and quality component. A probabilistic sampling design can facilitate the implementation of such assessments through its ability to extrapolate results from a random sample of wetlands to the entire population of wetlands over a large geographic area. In 2003 an assessment of the quantity and quality of depressional wetlands in the Redwood River watershed was conducted using a probabilistic sampling design. The number and cumulative area of depressional wetlands in the watershed was estimated relative to the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) by evaluating 146 randomly selected sites. However, limitations of the study design only allowed quantification of wetland loss over the similar to 20-year period (c.1980-2003) following the acquisition of aerial imagery used to produce the NWI in this region. Wetland quality was assessed in 40 randomly selected sample sites using plant and macroinvertebrate indices of biological integrity (IBI). Depressional wetlands included in the NWI have experienced an estimated 56% reduction in number, equivalent to a 21% decrease in area, in the watershed over the last 20 years. Of the remaining wetland area, an estimated 91% was impaired. Thus, management practices with the goal of increasing suitable habitat for native wetland plant and animal communities should focus on restoration of drained wetlands as well as improvement of existing wetlands to maximize outcomes. C1 [Genet, John A.] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Olsen, Anthony R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Genet, JA (reprint author), Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, 520 Lafayette Rd N, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM john.genet@pca.state.mn.us NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.1672/06-150.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FK UT WOS:000256445900006 ER PT J AU Weilhoefer, CL Pan, YD Eppard, S AF Weilhoefer, Christine L. Pan, Yangdong Eppard, Sara TI The effects of river floodwaters on floodplain wetland water quality and diatom assemblages SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE algae; floodplain; floodpulse; nitrogen; phosphorus; sediment trap ID MACKENZIE-DELTA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PRAIRIE WETLAND; LAKE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PERIPHYTON; CHEMISTRY; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENTS AB We investigated the effects of river floodpulses on the water chemistry and diatom assemblages in a floodplain wetland. During the two year study period (November 2003-September 2005), the river and wetland exhibited three periods of surface hydrologic connectivity. The impacts of flooding depended on flood magnitude and duration. Both the long/high magnitude and short/high magnitude floods thoroughly mixed river and wetland waters, with conductivity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the wetland decreasing to levels similar to the river. In contrast, the short/low magnitude flood did not mix water chemistry. Wetland conductivity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus remained elevated. Changes in algal biomass followed changes in water chemistry with the high magnitude floods producing conditions unfavorable for algal growth. Algal biomass decreased in the wetland coinciding with the two high magnitude floods. Increases in algal biomass coincided with the short/low magnitude flood. Wetland and river water column diatom assemblages were dominated by periphytic taxa. The diatom assemblage in the river and wetland were distinct, except during the short/high magnitude flood. During this period, floodwaters brought diatoms into the wetland and both systems were dominated by planktonic centric taxa. Similar diatom taxa were observed in the wetland water column assemblage and the assemblage collected in settling chambers, although their relative abundances varied. Shifts in the settling diatom assemblage coincided with periods of flooding, indicating that river floodwaters leave a discernable signal within this assemblage. Our findings indicate that caution should be exercised when using diatom-based bioassessment in frequently flooded wetlands as the wetland diatom assemblage is influenced by river floodwaters and changes may depend on the duration and magnitude of flooding. C1 [Weilhoefer, Christine L.; Pan, Yangdong; Eppard, Sara] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Weilhoefer, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM weilhoefer.christine@epamail.gov NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 473 EP 486 DI 10.1672/07-114.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FK UT WOS:000256445900018 ER PT J AU Al-Abeda, SR Jegadeesan, G Purandare, J Allen, D AF Al-Abeda, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, G. Purandare, J. Allen, D. TI Leaching behavior of mineral processing waste: Comparison of batch and column investigations SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mineral processing waste; leaching; metals; liquid-solid ratio ID METAL RELEASE; SOLIDIFIED WASTES; TAILINGS; LEAD; SOIL; IRON; PH; LEACHABILITY; SOLUBILITY; POLLUTANTS AB In this study, a comparison of laboratory batch and column experiments on metal release profile from a mineral processing waste (MPW) is presented. Batch (equilibrium) and column (dynamic) leaching tests were conducted on ground MPW at different liquid-solid ratios (LS) to determine the mechanisms controlling metal release. Additionally, the effect of pH on metal release is also discussed. It was observed that acidic pH conditions induced dissolution of As, Zn and Cu. Negligible leaching at alkaline pH was observed. However, Se depicted amphoteric behavior with high release at low and high pH. The batch and column data showed that As and Se release increased with LS ratio, while that of Cu and Zn increased initially and tapered towards equilibrium values at high LS ratios. The results on metal release from the MPW suggested that dissolution of the metal was the controlling mechanism. Leaching profiles from the batch and column data corresponded well for most LS ratios. This is most likely due to the acidic character of the waste, minimal changes in pH during the column operation and granular structure of the waste. From a waste management perspective, low cost batch equilibrium studies in lieu of high cost column experiments can be used for decision making on its disposal only when the waste exhibits characteristics similar to the mineral processing waste. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Al-Abeda, Souhail R.; Allen, D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, G.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Purandare, J.] Englandgeosystem Inc, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. RP Al-Abeda, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 1088 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.063 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296LG UT WOS:000255544300025 PM 18029092 ER PT J AU Boersma, KF Jacob, DJ Eskes, HJ Pinder, RW Wang, J van der A, RJ AF Boersma, K. Folkert Jacob, Daniel J. Eskes, Henk J. Pinder, Robert W. Wang, Jun van der A, Ronald J. TI Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY and OMI tropospheric NO2 columns: Observing the diurnal evolution of chemistry and emissions from space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIGHTNING NOX; MODEL; FIRE; NM; DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVALS; INSTRUMENT AB [1] Concurrent (August 2006) measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns from OMI aboard Aura (1330 local overpass time) and SCIAMACHY aboard Envisat (1000 local overpass time) offer an opportunity to examine the consistency between the two instruments under tropospheric background conditions and the effect of different observing times. For scenes with tropospheric NO2 columns < 5.0 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2), SCIAMACHY and OMI agree within 1.0-2.0 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2), consistent with the detection limits of both instruments. We find evidence for a low bias of 0.2 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2) in OMI observations over remote oceans. Over the fossil fuel source regions at northern midlatitudes, we find that SCIAMACHY observes up to 40% higher NO2 at 1000 local time (LT) than OMI at 1330 LT. Over biomass burning regions in the tropics, SCIAMACHY observes up to 40% lower NO2 columns than OMI. These differences are present in the spectral fitting of the data (slant column) and are augmented in the fossil fuel regions and dampened in the tropical biomass burning regions by the expected increase in air mass factor as the mixing depth rises from 1000 to 1330 LT. Using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), we show that the 1000-1330 LT decrease in tropospheric NO2 column over fossil fuel source regions can be explained by photochemical loss, dampened by the diurnal cycle of anthropogenic emissions that has a broad daytime maximum. The observed 1000-1330 LT NO2 column increase over tropical biomass burning regions points to a sharp midday peak in emissions and is consistent with a diurnal cycle of emissions derived from geostationary satellite fire counts. C1 [Jacob, Daniel J.; Eskes, Henk J.; Wang, Jun] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pinder, Robert W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Pinder, Robert W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boersma, K. Folkert; Eskes, Henk J.; van der A, Ronald J.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Boersma, KF (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM boersma@knmi.nl RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 NR 63 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16S26 DI 10.1029/2007JD008816 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304WD UT WOS:000256138900001 ER PT J AU Judson, R Elloumi, F Setzer, RW Li, Z Shah, I AF Judson, Richard Elloumi, Fathi Setzer, R. Woodrow Li, Zhen Shah, Imran TI A comparison of machine learning algorithms for chemical toxicity classification using a simulated multi-scale data model SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY CHALLENGE; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; MOLECULAR LIBRARIES; FEATURE-SELECTION; CANCER; MICROARRAYS; DISCOVERY; PATTERNS; TARGET AB Background: Bioactivity profiling using high-throughput in vitro assays can reduce the cost and time required for toxicological screening of environmental chemicals and can also reduce the need for animal testing. Several public efforts are aimed at discovering patterns or classifiers in high-dimensional bioactivity space that predict tissue, organ or whole animal toxicological endpoints. Supervised machine learning is a powerful approach to discover combinatorial relationships in complex in vitro/in vivo datasets. We present a novel model to simulate complex chemical-toxicology data sets and use this model to evaluate the relative performance of different machine learning (ML) methods. Results: The classification performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Naive Bayes (NB), Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees (RPART), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the presence and absence of filter-based feature selection was analyzed using K-way cross-validation testing and independent validation on simulated in vitro assay data sets with varying levels of model complexity, number of irrelevant features and measurement noise. While the prediction accuracy of all ML methods decreased as non-causal (irrelevant) features were added, some ML methods performed better than others. In the limit of using a large number of features, ANN and SVM were always in the top performing set of methods while RPART and KNN (k = 5) were always in the poorest performing set. The addition of measurement noise and irrelevant features decreased the classification accuracy of all ML methods, with LDA suffering the greatest performance degradation. LDA performance is especially sensitive to the use of feature selection. Filter-based feature selection generally improved performance, most strikingly for LDA. Conclusion: We have developed a novel simulation model to evaluate machine learning methods for the analysis of data sets in which in vitro bioassay data is being used to predict in vivo chemical toxicology. From our analysis, we can recommend that several ML methods, most notably SVM and ANN, are good candidates for use in real world applications in this area. C1 [Judson, Richard; Elloumi, Fathi; Setzer, R. Woodrow; Shah, Imran] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Li, Zhen] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Judson, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM judson.richard@epa.gov; elloumi.fathi@epa.gov; setzer.woodrow@epa.gov; zli@bios.unc.edu; shah.imran@epa.gov OI Judson, Richard/0000-0002-2348-9633 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 241 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-241 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 308XG UT WOS:000256423400001 PM 18489778 ER PT J AU Osabe, M Sugatani, J Takemura, A Yamazaki, Y Ikari, A Kitamura, N Negishi, M Miwa, M AF Osabe, Makoto Sugatani, Junko Takemura, Akiko Yamazaki, Yasuhiro Ikari, Akira Kitamura, Naomi Negishi, Masahiko Miwa, Masao TI Expression of CAR in SW480 and HepG2 cells during G1 is associated with cell proliferation SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CAR; CDK4; MDM2; cell proliferation; HGF; UGT1A1 ID HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; UGT1A1 GENE; CYCLE; MDM2; P53 AB Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a transcription factor to regulate the expression of several genes related to drug-metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that CAR protein accumulates during G1 in human SW480 and HepG2 cells. After the G1/S phase transition, CAR protein levels decreased, and CAR was hardly detected in cells by the late M phase. CAR expression in both cell lines was suppressed by RNA interference-mediated suppression of CDK4. Depletion of CAR by RNA interference in both cells and by hepatocyte growth factor treatment in HepG2 cells resulted in decreased MDM2 expression that led to p21 upregulation and repression of HepG2 cell growth. Thus, our results demonstrate that CAR expression is an early G1 event regulated by CDK4 that contributes to MDM2 expression; these findings suggest that CAR may influence the expression of genes involved in not only the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances but also in the cell proliferation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Osabe, Makoto; Sugatani, Junko; Takemura, Akiko; Yamazaki, Yasuhiro; Ikari, Akira; Miwa, Masao] Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacobiochem, Suruga Ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. [Sugatani, Junko] Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Global COE Program, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. [Kitamura, Naomi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci & Biotechnol, Dept Biol Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227, Japan. [Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sugatani, J (reprint author), Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacobiochem, Suruga Ku, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. EM sugatani@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 369 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1033 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.140 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 286RW UT WOS:000254864700008 PM 18331826 ER PT J AU Clougherty, JE Wright, RJ Baxter, LK Levy, JI AF Clougherty, Jane E. Wright, Rosalind J. Baxter, Lisa K. Levy, Jonathan I. TI Land use regression modeling of intra-urban residential variability in multiple traffic-related air pollutants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; INDICATORS; PARTICLES; PM2.5; INFORMATION; CALIBRATION AB Background: There is a growing body of literature linking GIS-based measures of traffic density to asthma and other respiratory outcomes. However, no consensus exists on which traffic indicators best capture variability in different pollutants or within different settings. As part of a study on childhood asthma etiology, we examined variability in outdoor concentrations of multiple traffic-related air pollutants within urban communities, using a range of GIS-based predictors and land use regression techniques. Methods: We measured fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and elemental carbon (EC) outside 44 homes representing a range of traffic densities and neighborhoods across Boston, Massachusetts and nearby communities. Multiple three to four-day average samples were collected at each home during winters and summers from 2003 to 2005. Traffic indicators were derived using Massachusetts Highway Department data and direct traffic counts. Multivariate regression analyses were performed separately for each pollutant, using traffic indicators, land use, meteorology, site characteristics, and central site concentrations. Results: PM(2.5) was strongly associated with the central site monitor (R(2) = 0.68). Additional variability was explained by total roadway length within 100 m of the home, smoking or grilling near the monitor, and block-group population density (R(2) = 0.76). EC showed greater spatial variability, especially during winter months, and was predicted by roadway length within 200 m of the home. The influence of traffic was greater under low wind speed conditions, and concentrations were lower during summer (R(2) = 0.52). NO(2) showed significant spatial variability, predicted by population density and roadway length within 50 m of the home, modified by site characteristics (obstruction), and with higher concentrations during summer (R(2) = 0.56). Conclusion: Each pollutant examined displayed somewhat different spatial patterns within urban neighborhoods, and were differently related to local traffic and meteorology. Our results indicate a need for multi-pollutant exposure modeling to disentangle causal agents in epidemiological studies, and further investigation of site-specific and meteorological modification of the traffic-concentration relationship in urban neighborhoods. C1 [Clougherty, Jane E.; Levy, Jonathan I.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wright, Rosalind J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Landmark Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wright, Rosalind J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Baxter, Lisa K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Clougherty, JE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Landmark Ctr 4th Floor W,POB 15677, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jcloughe@hsph.harvard.edu; rerjw@channing.harvard.edu; lbaxter@hsph.harvard.edu; jilevy@hsph.harvard.edu RI Levy, Jonathan/A-9102-2008; Levy, Jon/B-4542-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Levy, Jon/0000-0002-1116-4006; FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL080674, U01 HL072494]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010932, R01 ES10932, R03 ES013988] NR 33 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 31 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-17 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305YG UT WOS:000256213100001 PM 18485201 ER PT J AU Johansen, AMW Lie, RT Wilcox, AJ Andersen, LF Drevon, CA AF Johansen, Anne Marte W. Lie, Rolv T. Wilcox, Allen J. Andersen, Lene F. Drevon, Christian A. TI Maternal dietary intake of vitamin A and risk of orofacial clefts: A population-based case-control study in Norway SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; cleft lip; cleft palate; diet; Norway; pregnancy; vitamin A ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SUPPLEMENTS; ANOMALIES; EXPOSURE; RETINOL; PALATE; WOMEN; WATER; LIP AB A population-based case-control study was carried out in Norway between 1996 and 2001. The aim was to evaluate the association between maternal intake of vitamin A from diet and supplements and risk of having a baby with an orofacial cleft. Data on maternal dietary intake were available from 535 cases (188 with cleft palate only and 347 with cleft lip with or without cleft palate) and 693 controls. The adjusted odds ratio for isolated cleft palate only was 0.47 (95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.94) when comparing the fourth and first quartiles of maternal intake of total vitamin A. In contrast, there was no appreciable association of total vitamin A with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate. An intake of vitamin A above the 95th percentile was associated with a lower estimated risk of all isolated clefts compared with the 40th-60th percentile (adjusted odds ratio = 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.20, 1.14). Maternal intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced risk of cleft palate only, and there is no evidence of increased risk of clefts among women in our study with the highest 5% of vitamin A intake. C1 [Johansen, Anne Marte W.; Andersen, Lene F.; Drevon, Christian A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Inst Basic Med Sci, Fac Med, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Lie, Rolv T.] Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, Bergen, Norway. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Durham, NC USA. RP Johansen, AMW (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Inst Basic Med Sci, Fac Med, POB 1046, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM a.m.w.johansen@medisin.uio.no RI Drevon, Christian /F-6012-2010; OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 10 BP 1164 EP 1170 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn035 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 299LC UT WOS:000255756100004 PM 18343877 ER PT J AU Rom, WN Pinkerton, KE Martin, WJ Forastiere, F AF Rom, William N. Pinkerton, Kent E. Martin, William J. Forastiere, Francesco TI Global warming: A challenge to all American Thoracic Society members SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MORTALITY; HEALTH; TEMPERATURE; CHINA C1 [Rom, William N.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Pinkerton, Kent E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth & Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Martin, William J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Forastiere, Francesco] Rome E Hlth Author, Rome, Italy. RP Rom, WN (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RI Forastiere, Francesco/J-9067-2016 OI Forastiere, Francesco/0000-0002-9162-5684 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 177 IS 10 BP 1053 EP 1054 DI 10.1164/rccm.200801-052ED PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 303NA UT WOS:000256046000001 PM 18460457 ER PT J AU Hwang, I Hopke, PK Pinto, JP AF Hwang, Injo Hopke, Philip K. Pinto, Joseph P. TI Source apportionment and spatial distributions of coarse particles during the regional air pollution study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; FACTOR-ANALYTIC MODELS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ST-LOUIS; VARIABILITY; COMPONENTS; PM2.5; MASS AB To identify the coarse particle sources and to estimate the variability in their contributions to coarse particle mass (CPM) concentrations across the St. Louis metropolitan area, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to historic ambient coarse particle compositional data from 10 Regional Air Pollution Study/Regional Air Monitoring System (RAPS/RAMS) monitoring sites in St. Louis. Coarse particles in this study had aerodynamic sizes between 2.4 and 20 mu m. The sources were qualitatively identified, and the source contributions were quantitatively estimated. Nine sources were identified for 8 of the 10 sampling sites (except rural sites 122 and 124) including soil, cement kiln/quarry, iron and steel, motor vehicle, incinerator, pigment plant, primary/secondary lead smelter, zinc smelter, and copper production, respectively. At site 122, five sources were identified as soil, cement kiln/quarry, motor vehicle, incinerator, and zinc smelter. At site 124, six sources were identified as soil, cement kiln/quarry, motor vehicle, incinerator, primary/secondary lead smelter, and zinc smelter. Soil was the largest coarse particle source across the study area (6.15 mu g/m(3), 29.3%). Cement kiln/quarry, iron and steel, and motor vehicle sources were the other large contributions to the coarse particles mass (5.27 mu g/m(3), 25.1%; 3.53 mu g/m(3), 16.8%; 2.72 mu g/m(3), 12.9%). The results of this study suggest there can be significant potential for exposure misclassification in time-series epidemiologic studies when regressing health outcomes against source contributions if they were to be estimated at a single central monitoring site. C1 [Hwang, Injo; Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Pinto, Joseph P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hopke, PK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. EM hopkepk@clarkson.edu RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3524 EP 3530 DI 10.1021/es0716204 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100015 PM 18546684 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP Cook, PM Lukasewycz, MT AF Burkhard, Lawrence P. Cook, Philip M. Lukasewycz, Marta T. TI Organic carbon-water concentration quotients (Pi(soc)s and pi(poc)s): Measuring apparent chemical disequilibria and exploring the impact of black carbon in Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; SEDIMENT; SORPTION; MATTER; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; CONSTANTS AB Chemical concentration quotients measured between water and total organic carbon (TOC) in sediment (Pi(soc)) or suspended particulates (pi(poc)) in southern Lake Michigan reveal up to 2 orders of magnitude differences for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofuran (PCDF), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds with similar octanol-water partition coefficients (K(ow)s). Apparent disequilibria for PAHs, PCDDs, and PCDFs, determined as measured Pi(soc)s or pi(poc)s divided by their organic carbon equilibrium partitioning values, are significantly greater than disequilibria of PCBs with similar Kews. Apparent disequilibria, when adjusted for black carbon content by using published black carbon nonlinear partition coefficients (K(f,bc)s) and a Freundlich exponent (n(f)) value = 0.7, still exceed equilibrium predictions for the PAHs, PCBs, and PCDDs but with the PCDF disequilibria uniquely below equilibrium. While Monte Carlo analysis of all the variables associated with the black carbon adjusted disequilibria provides wide confidence intervals for individual chemicals, the large class disequilibria differences between PAHs and PCDFs with respect to the PCBs and,PCDDs are highly significant. Use of the PCDD Kf,bcS for calculating both the PCDF and PCDD disequilibria eliminates their extreme divergence. On the basis of the complexity of carbonaceous geosorbent effects and the apparent variable degrees of chemical sequestration in particles, the disequilibria can be adjusted by chemical class to meet expected near equilibrium conditions between suspended particles and water in the hypolimnion. Although these adjustments to the disequilibria calculations produce consistent and plausible values, the complexities of variable carbonaceous geosorbent affinities for these chemicals in Lake Michigan presently favor use of measured, rather than a priori modeled, steady-state total organic carbon-water concentration quotients indexed to TOC as biogenic organic carbon. C1 [Burkhard, Lawrence P.; Cook, Philip M.; Lukasewycz, Marta T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM burkhard.lawrence@epa.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3615 EP 3621 DI 10.1021/es702652b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100029 PM 18546698 ER PT J AU Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB AF Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. TI Perfluorinated compounds in house dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; FLUOROTELOMER ALCOHOL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; HOMES; FISH; PERFLUOROCHEMICALS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; FLUOROCHEMICALS; HUMANS AB The perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have come under increasing scrutiny due to their persistence, global distribution, and toxicity. Given that their human exposure routes remain poorly characterized, the potential role of house dust needs to be more completely evaluated. In this study, new methods for the analysis of 10 PFAAs and three fluorinated telomer alcohols (FTOHs) were developed for dust samples collected from homes (n = 102) and day care centers (n = 10) in Ohio and North Carolina in 2000-2001. FTOHs were measured by GC/ MS and PFAAs were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. PFOS and PFOA were the most prominent compounds detected, occurring in over 95% of the samples at median concentrations of 201 and 142 ng/g of dust, respectively. Maximal concentrations of PFOS were 12 100 ng/g (95th percentile, 2240 ng/g), PFOA 1960 ng/g (95th percentile, 1200 ng/g), and perfluorohexanesulforrate (PFHS) 35 700 ng/g (95th percentile, 2300 ng/g). The 8:2 FTOH, which is volatile and can degrade to PFOA, had a maximum concentration of 1660 ng/g dust (95th percentile, 669 ng/g). These results indicate that perfluorinated compounds are present in house dust at levels that may represent an important pathway for human exposure. C1 [Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov NR 33 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3751 EP 3756 DI 10.1021/es7032058 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300KG UT WOS:000255822100049 PM 18546718 ER PT J AU Rehman, H Connor, HD Ramshesh, VK Theruvath, TP Mason, RP Wright, GL Lemasters, JJ Zhong, Z AF Rehman, Hasibur Connor, Henry D. Ramshesh, Venkat K. Theruvath, Tom P. Mason, Ronald P. Wright, Gary L. Lemasters, John J. Zhong, Zhi TI Ischemic preconditioning prevents free radical production and mitochondrial depolarization in small-for-size rat liver grafts SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE ischemic preconditioning; mitochondrial permeability transition; partial liver transplantation; free radical; heat shock protein ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; N-TERMINAL-KINASE; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; REPERFUSION INJURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIVING-DONOR; MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Background. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) renders tissues more tolerant to subsequent longer episodes of ischemia, This study tested whether IP attenuates injury of small-for-size liver grafts by preventing free radical production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods. IP was induced by clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery for 9 min. Livers were harvested 5 min after releasing the clamp. Mitochondrial polarization and cell death were assessed by intravital confocal/multiphoton microscopy of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and propidium iodide. Free radicals were trapped with alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone and measured using electron spin resonance. Results. After quarter-size liver transplantation, alanine aminotransferase, serum bilirubin, necrosis, and apoptosis all increased. IP blocked these increases by more than 58%. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and increases of graft weight were only similar to 3% and 0.2% in quarter-size grafts without IP, respectively, but increased to 32% and 60% in ischemic-preconditioned grafts, indicating better liver regeneration. Eighteen hours after implantation, viable cells with depolarized mitochondria in quarter-size grafts were 15 per high power field, and dead cells were less than 1 per high power field, indicating that depolarization preceded necrosis. A free radical adduct signal was detected in bile from quarter-size grafts. IP decreased this free radical formation and prevented mitochondrial depolarization. IP did not increase heat shock proteins 10, 27, 32, 60, 70, 72, 75 and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) but increased heat shock protein-90, a chaperone that facilitates protein import into mitochondria, and mitochondrial Mn-SOD. Conclusion. Taken together, IP decreases injury and improves regeneration of small-for-size liver grafts, possibly by increasing mitochondrial Mn-SOD, thus protecting against free radical production and mitochondrial dysfunction. C1 [Rehman, Hasibur; Ramshesh, Venkat K.; Theruvath, Tom P.; Wright, Gary L.; Lemasters, John J.; Zhong, Zhi] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Connor, Henry D.; Mason, Ronald P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lemasters, John J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Zhong, Z (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 280 Calhoun St,POB 250140, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM zhong@musc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR015455]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K01 DK62089, DK70844] NR 74 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1322 EP 1331 DI 10.1097/TP.0b013e31816de302 PG 10 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 301OB UT WOS:000255904400018 PM 18475191 ER PT J AU Alper, S Laws, R Lackford, B Boyd, WA Dunlap, P Freedman, JH Schwartz, DA AF Alper, Scott Laws, Rebecca Lackford, Brad Boyd, Windy A. Dunlap, Paul Freedman, Jonathan H. Schwartz, David A. TI Identification of innate immunity genes and pathways using a comparative genomics approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Caenorhabditis elegans; macrophage ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TLR SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; C-ELEGANS; PROTEIN; MAP; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; DISEASE AB To reveal regulators of innate immunity, we used RNAi assays to monitor the immune response when genes are inhibited in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse macrophages. Genes that altered innate immune responsiveness in C elegans were validated in murine macrophages, resulting in the discovery of 11 genes that regulate the innate immune response in both systems and the subsequent identification of a protein interaction network with a conserved role in innate immunity regulation. We confirmed the role of four of these 11 genes in antimicrobial gene regulation using available mutants in C elegans. Several of these genes (acy-1, tub-2, and tbc-1) also regulate susceptibility to the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These genes may prove critical to understanding host defense and represent potential therapeutic targets for infectious and immunological diseases. C1 [Alper, Scott; Lackford, Brad; Schwartz, David A.] NHLBI, Lab Environm Lung Dis, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Boyd, Windy A.; Dunlap, Paul; Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Alper, Scott] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Laws, Rebecca] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Alper, S (reprint author), NHLBI, Lab Environm Lung Dis, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM alpers@nhlbi.nih.gov OI Boyd, Windy/0000-0003-3803-3716 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 62 TC 42 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 19 BP 7016 EP 7021 DI 10.1073/pnas.0802405105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301UN UT WOS:000255921200042 PM 18463287 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Pd-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organic silica: synthesis and application in carbon-carbon coupling reactions SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE organic silica; heterogeneous catalysis; Pd-NHC; Suzuki reaction; Heck reaction; microwave irradiation ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; MIZOROKI-HECK REACTIONS; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; SUPPORTED PALLADIUM; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; PINCER COMPLEXES; IONIC LIQUIDS; ARYL AB The first Pd-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex in the form of organic silica was prepared using sol-gel method and its application in Heck and Suzuki reactions was demonstrated. These C-C coupling reactions proceeded efficiently under the influence of microwave irradiation, with excellent yield, without any change in catalytic activity for at least five reaction cycles, with negligible Pd concentration in the end product. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 62 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 64 IS 20 BP 4637 EP 4643 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.098 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 300UU UT WOS:000255851500010 ER PT J AU Jaoui, M Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Surratt, JD Seinfeld, JH AF Jaoui, Mohammed Edney, Edward O. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Surratt, Jason D. Seinfeld, John H. TI Formation of secondary organic aerosol from irradiated alpha-pinene/toluene/NOx mixtures and the effect of isoprene and sulfur dioxide SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT PM2.5; PARTICULATE MATTER; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; PHOTOOXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACIDS; QUANTIFICATION; ORGANOSULFATES; COMPONENTS; CARBON AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was generated by irradiating a series of alpha-pinene/toluene/NOx mixtures in the absence and presence of isoprene or sulfur dioxide. The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the extent to which chemical perturbations to this base-case (alpha-pinene/toluene) mixture led to changes in the gas-phase chemistry which strongly influences mass and composition of SOA and secondary organic carbon (SOC) formed. The chemical composition was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The results showed that the addition of isoprene to the base-case mixture significantly lowered the amount of toluene reacted, and thereby lowered the amount SOC produced. Simultaneous measurement of the organic NOy showed that reactions of isoprene effectively sequester NO2 by producing gas-phase organic nitrates. The addition of SO2 to the base-case mixture, while having little effect on the gas-phase chemistry, formed sulfuric acid which led to a modest enhancement of the SOC through acid-catalyzed or sulfur-incorporating reactions of alpha-pinene. The contribution of each hydrocarbon to the composition of the SOA was estimated using an organic tracer method. SOC from the tracer technique tended to underpredict the measured SOC, although the underprediction was especially pronounced with SO2 present. A comparison of the chromatographic results from samples of the irradiation of the alpha-pinene/toluene/isoprene/NOx/SO2 mixture and ambient PM2.5 showed the presence of two unique peaks that were associated with reactions of isoprene and SO2. C1 [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Edney, Edward O.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Surratt, Jason D.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Surratt, Jason D.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jaoui, M (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol, 109 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jaoui.mohammed@epamail.epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450 NR 33 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D9 AR D09303 DI 10.1029/2007JD009426 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300MH UT WOS:000255827400006 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Electrocatalytic dechlorination of a PCB congener at a palladized granular-graphite-packed electrode: Reaction equilibrium and mechanism SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); electrocatalytic dechlorination; kinetics; equilibrium; reaction mechanism; rate law ID LOADED CARBON FELT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; CATHODE; PHENOL AB Our previous study on the electrocatalytic dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl at a Pd-loaded granular graphite-packed electrode demonstrated that the process did not follow the first-order kinetics. The rate constant varied with the applied potential at the beginning, but later became irrelevant to the potential. The electrocatalytic kinetic was investigated in this study, in which several experiments were conducted to dechlorinate 2-chlorobiphenyl using a Pd-loaded granular graphite-packed electrode at different potentials and in methanol-water solutions. Analysis of the experimental results reveals that the electrocatalytic process had reached equilibrium in these experiments. The apparent equilibrium constants, as well as the rate constants for the overall forward and backward reactions, were related to the applied potential. These relationships follow the Tafel equation, but the apparent charge transfer coefficients are very small values. The potential dependence of the overall rate constants suggests a reaction mechanism in which the electrocatalytic reaction is the rate-determining step. The influence of methanol on (together with the potential dependence of) the overall rate constants and the apparent equilibrium constant suggests a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fang, Yuanxiang; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.11.021 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 306VQ UT WOS:000256276300016 ER PT J AU Selin, NE Jacob, DJ Yantosca, RM Strode, S Jaegle, L Sunderland, EM AF Selin, Noelle E. Jacob, Daniel J. Yantosca, Robert M. Strode, Sarah Jaegle, Lyatt Sunderland, Elsie M. TI Global 3-D land-ocean-atmosphere model for mercury: Present-day versus preindustrial cycles and anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; VOLCANIC EMISSIONS; SURFACE EXCHANGE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOIL-MOISTURE; SOUTH-AFRICA; CANADA AB We develop a mechanistic representation of land-atmosphere cycling in a global 3-D ocean-atmosphere model of mercury (GEOS-Chem). The resulting land-oceanatmosphere model is used to construct preindustrial and present biogeochemical cycles of mercury, to examine the legacy of past anthropogenic emissions, to map anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition, and to attribute mercury deposition in the United States. Land emission in the model includes prompt recycling of recently deposited mercury (600 Mg a(-1) for present day), soil volatilization (550 Mg a(-1)), and evapotranspiration (550 Mg a(-1)). The spatial distribution of soil concentrations is derived from local steady state between land emission and deposition in the preindustrial simulation, augmented for the present day by a 15% increase in the soil reservoir distributed following the pattern of anthropogenic deposition. Mercury deposition and hence emission are predicted to be highest in the subtropics. Our atmospheric lifetime of mercury against deposition (0.50 year) is shorter than past estimates because of our accounting of Hg(0) dry deposition, but recycling from surface reservoirs results in an effective lifetime of 1.6 years against transfer to long-lived reservoirs in the soil and deep ocean. Present-day anthropogenic enrichment of mercury deposition exceeds a factor of 5 in continental source regions. We estimate that 68% of the deposition over the United States is anthropogenic, including 20% from North American emissions (20% primary and <1% recycled through surface reservoirs), 31% from emissions outside North America (22% primary and 9% recycled), and 16% from the legacy of anthropogenic mercury accumulated in soils and the deep ocean. C1 [Sunderland, Elsie M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Selin, Noelle E.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Selin, Noelle E.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Strode, Sarah; Jaegle, Lyatt] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Selin, NE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Joint Program Sci Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM selin@mit.edu RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 NR 88 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 8 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 AR GB2011 DI 10.1029/2007GB003040 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300LV UT WOS:000255826200003 ER PT J AU Wolfenbarger, LL Naranjo, SE Lundgren, JG Bitzer, RJ Watrud, LS AF Wolfenbarger, L. LaReesa Naranjo, Steven E. Lundgren, Jonathan G. Bitzer, Royce J. Watrud, Lidia S. TI Bt Crop Effects on Functional Guilds of Non-Target Arthropods: A Meta-Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Uncertainty persists over the environmental effects of genetically-engineered crops that produce the insecticidal Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We performed meta-analyses on a modified public database to synthesize current knowledge about the effects of Bt cotton, maize and potato on the abundance and interactions of arthropod non-target functional guilds. Methodology/Principal Findings: We compared the abundance of predators, parasitoids, omnivores, detritivores and herbivores under scenarios in which neither, only the non-Bt crops, or both Bt and non-Bt crops received insecticide treatments. Predators were less abundant in Bt cotton compared to unsprayed non-Bt controls. As expected, fewer specialist parasitoids of the target pest occurred in Bt maize fields compared to unsprayed non-Bt controls, but no significant reduction was detected for other parasitoids. Numbers of predators and herbivores were higher in Bt crops compared to sprayed non-Bt controls, and type of insecticide influenced the magnitude of the difference. Omnivores and detritivores were more abundant in insecticide-treated controls and for the latter guild this was associated with reductions of their predators in sprayed non-Bt maize. No differences in abundance were found when both Bt and non-Bt crops were sprayed. Predator-to-prey ratios were unchanged by either Bt crops or the use of insecticides; ratios were higher in Bt maize relative to the sprayed non-Bt control. Conclusions/Significance: Overall, we find no uniform effects of Bt cotton, maize and potato on the functional guilds of non-target arthropods. Use of and type of insecticides influenced the magnitude and direction of effects; insecticde effects were much larger than those of Bt crops. These meta-analyses underscore the importance of using controls not only to isolate the effects of a Bt crop per se but also to reflect the replacement of existing agricultural practices. Results will provide researchers with information to design more robust experiments and will inform the decisions of diverse stakeholders regarding the safety of transgenic insecticidal crops. C1 [Wolfenbarger, L. LaReesa] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. [Bitzer, Royce J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. [Watrud, Lidia S.] US Env Protect Agcy, W Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Env Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Wolfenbarger, LL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM Steve.Naranjo@ars.usda.gov FU EPA [CR-83214701] FX Creation of the full database was funded by EPA grant number CR-83214701 awarded to Michelle Marvier and Peter Karieva. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 133 Z9 147 U1 8 U2 54 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 AR e2118 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002118 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 382YX UT WOS:000261642400040 PM 18461164 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-assisted organic synthesis and transformations using benign reaction media SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; MANNICH-TYPE REACTIONS; BETA-KETO SULFONES; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; BIOACTIVE HETEROCYCLES; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AB A nonclassical heating technique using microwaves, termed "Bunsen burner of the 21st century", is rapidly becoming popular and is dramatically reducing reaction times. The significant outcomes of microwave (MM-assisted green chemistry endeavors, which have resulted in the development of synthetic protocols for drugs and fine chemicals synthesis that are relatively more sustainable, are summarized. The use of emerging microwave-assisted chemistry techniques in conjunction with greener reaction media is dramatically reducing chemical waste and reaction times in several organic syntheses and chemical transformations. A brief historic account of our own experiences in developing MW-assisted organic transformations, which involve various benign alternatives, such as solid-supported reagents, and greener reaction media, namely, aqueous, ionic liquid, and solvent-free, for the synthesis of various heterocycles, coupling reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, and some name reactions are described. Synthesis of Heterocycles. The synthetic chemistry community has been under increased pressure to produce, in an environmentally benign fashion, the myriad of heterocyclic systems required by society in a short span of time, and one of the best options to accelerate these synthetic processes is to use MW technology. The efficient use of the MW heating approach for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds in aqueous and solvent-free medium is discussed. Organic Named Reactions. The application of MW chemistry for various named reaction such as the Prins reaction, the Suzuki reaction, the Heck reaction, the Aza-Michael reaction, Trost's gamma-addition, and the Cannizzaro reaction are summarized. Synthesis and Application of Ionic Liquids. Ionic liquids (ILs), being polar and ionic, in character couple with MW irradiation very efficiently and are, therefore, ideal MW-absorbing candidates for expediting chemical reactions. MW-assisted solvent-free synthesis and application of ILs are discussed. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. MW protocols using mineral oxides such as alumina, silica, and clay to immobilize reagents on such solid supports have been extensively explored under "dry" media conditions. Various solvent-free examples of oxidation reactions are discussed that involve mixing of neat substrates with clay-supported iron(III) nitrate (clayfen) or iodobenzene diacetate (IBD) as an oxidant; some interesting MW reduction protocols using borohydrides are also discussed. Protection-Deprotection Reactions. The protection and deprotection of alcohols and amines are common events in multistep organic syntheses. Various protection and deprotection protocols under MW irradiation are discussed, including tetrahydropyranylation and (benzyloxycarbonyl) (Cbz)-protection, which are the most frequently employed methods. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 65 TC 434 Z9 441 U1 17 U2 181 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 41 IS 5 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1021/ar700238s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 305HD UT WOS:000256168000005 PM 18419142 ER PT J AU Hiatt, MH AF Hiatt, Michael H. TI Evaluation of analytical reporting errors generated as described in SW-846 Method 8261A SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE confidence interval; analytical error; VOCs (volatile organic compounds); Method 8261 AB SW-846 Method 8261A incorporates the vacuum distillation of analytes from samples, and their recoveries are characterized by internal standards. The internal standards measure recoveries with confidence intervals as functions of physical properties. The frequency these confidence intervals include true values was very close to theoretical predictions. The ruggedness of the Method's generation of confidence intervals was tested by analyzing water samples that were altered using salt, glycerin, oil, and detergent, and by increasing sample volume. Quality-control requirements were established for identifying when results might not be normally distributed. There were 11,260 analyte results, of which 90.8% of the data passed quality controls. Their distribution about true value was near theoretical values (71.3, 95.0, and 99.2% for one, two and three sigma deviations). C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Hiatt, MH (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM hiatt.mike@epa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4-5 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s00769-008-0370-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 287BZ UT WOS:000254892800008 ER PT J AU Bob, MM Brooks, MC Mravik, SC Wood, AL AF Bob, Mustafa M. Brooks, Michael C. Mravik, Susan C. Wood, A. Lynn TI A modified light transmission visualization method for DNAPL saturation measurements in 2-D models SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE light intensity; flow chambers; porous media; PCE saturation; transmittance factor; sparging ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; POROUS-MEDIA; PARTITIONING TRACER; SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; FLOW-FIELDS; X-RAY; SAND; OIL; REDISTRIBUTION; IMMOBILIZATION AB In this research, a light transmission visualization (LTV) method was used to quantify dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) saturation in two-dimensional (2-D), two fluid phase systems. The method is an expansion of earlier LTV methods and takes into account both absorption and refraction light theories. Based on this method, DNAPL and water saturations can rapidly be obtained point wise across sand-packed 2-D flow chambers without the need to develop a calibration curve. A single point calibration step is, however, needed when dyed DNAPL is used to account for the change in the transmission factor at the dyed DNAPL-water interface. The method was applied to measure, for the first time, undyed DNAPL saturation in small 2-D chambers. Known amounts of DNAPL, modeled by tetrachloroethylene (PCE), were added to the chamber and these amounts were compared to results obtained by this LTV method. Strong correlation existed between results obtained based on this method and the known PCE amounts with an R-2 value of 0.993. Similar experiments conducted using dyed PCE showed a stronger correlation between results obtained by this LTV method and the known amounts of dyed PCE added to the chamber with an R-2 value of 0.999. The method was also used to measure dyed PCE saturation in a large 2-D model following sparging experiments. Results obtained from image analyses following each sparging event were compared to results obtained by two independent techniques, namely gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses and carbon column extraction. There was a good agreement between the results obtained by this LTV method and those obtained by the two independent techniques when experiments were carried out under stable light source conditions and errors in mass balance were minor. The method presented here can be expanded to measure fluid contents in three fluid phase systems and provide a non-destructive, non-intrusive tool to investigate changes in DNAPL architecture and flow characteristics in laboratory experiments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bob, Mustafa M.; Brooks, Michael C.; Mravik, Susan C.; Wood, A. Lynn] US EPA, Natl Risk Managemennt Res Lab, Groundwater Ecosyst Restorat Div, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Branch, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Bob, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managemennt Res Lab, Groundwater Ecosyst Restorat Div, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Branch, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM bob.mustafa@epa.gov; brooks.michael@epa.gov; mravik.susan@epa.gov; wood.lynn@epa.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 727 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.016 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 302UP UT WOS:000255995600001 ER PT J AU Senthilselvan, A Rennie, D Chenard, L Burch, LH Babiuk, L Schwartz, DA Dosman, JA AF Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan Rennie, Donna Chenard, Liliane Burch, Lauranell H. Babiuk, Lorne Schwartz, David A. Dosman, James A. TI Association of polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 4 with a reduced prevalence of hay fever and atopy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; TLR4; ASTHMA; MUTATIONS; GENDER; SHOCK; HYPORESPONSIVENESS; PHENOTYPES; RESPONSES; CHILDREN AB Background: The response to innate immune stimuli seems to be critical to conditioning adaptive immunity. Early exposure to endotoxin initiates immune responses that have been shown to alter the risk of asthma and allergic diseases. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene encodes the principal innate immunity receptor in humans for bacterial endotoxin. Polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene may regulate the effects of endotoxin exposure and could play a role in the development of asthma and atopy-related phenotypes. Objective: To investigate the association between TLR4 polymorphisms and allergic phenotypes in nonsmokers. Methods: The data from 915 nonsmoking students were available for the study. The TLR4 299 and 399 polymorphisms were genotyped using mouthwash samples. The TLR4 299 and 399 polymorphisms were grouped together to define the TLR4 polymorphic group. Skin prick tests were conducted in a subgroup of healthy participants. A brief questionnaire was administered to determine demographic characteristics and chronic health conditions. Results: The prevalence of hay fever was 0% in the TLR4 polymorphic group and 7.5% in the wild-type group (P = .01). After controlling for age group and sex using logistic regression, the odds of having hay fever were reduced by 88% (P = .009) in the TLR4 polymorphic group compared with the wild-type group. In a subgroup analysis, the association between TLR4 polymorphisms and atopy was only observed among females. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to report an association between TLR4 polymorphisms and atopy-related phenotypes in a nonsmoking population. Further investigation of the role of TLR4 polymorphisms in asthma and atopy-related phenotypes is warranted. C1 [Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Rennie, Donna; Dosman, James A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Ctr Hlth Safety Agr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Burch, Lauranell H.; Schwartz, David A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Babiuk, Lorne] Univ Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infect Dis Org, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Dosman, James A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Senthilselvan, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 13 106B Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. EM sentil@ualberta.ca FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 296EY UT WOS:000255527500011 PM 18517079 ER PT J AU Fu, JS Jang, CJ Streets, DG Li, ZP Kwok, R Park, R Han, ZW AF Fu, Joshua S. Jang, Carey J. Streets, David G. Li, Zuopan Kwok, Roger Park, Rokjin Han, Zhiwei TI MICS-Asia II: Modeling gaseous pollutants and evaluating an advanced modeling system over East Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CMAQ; EANET; GEOS-Chem; model performance; TRACE-P ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; AIR-QUALITY; DEPOSITION; OZONE; COMPONENTS; AIRCRAFT; AEROSOLS; IMPACT AB An advanced modeling system with a "one-atmosphere" perspective, Models-3/Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system, driven by MM5/NCEP reanalysis data as the meteorology, and GEOS-Chem outputs as boundary values was applied to simulate the O(3), and other gaseous pollutants (SO(2) and NO(2)) evolution among other atmospheric chemicals for July 2001. Comparisons had been made with other models in the MICS-II exercise for the same period. Statistics of both monthly and daily means show that the model skill is very good in reproducing O(3) and SO(2) With small to moderate RMSE. The model species capture the day-to-day and spatial variability of the observations. The same O(3) model concentrations that overpredict most of the EANET observations in the MICS-II study may have underpredicted ones from monitoring networks in Beijing area that is not included in this paper. Vertical O(3) profiles at 4 ozonesonde sites are well predicted in July 2001. In fact, our model is among the best of those MICS-II models within the 2-km surface layer. The meteorology near surface and lower troposphere is well reproduced. Compared to SO(2) and O(3), the NO(2) gas concentrations are simulated less well, but the correlation coefficient is still significant. The choice of reanalysis meteorological fields and different boundary conditions generated by different global models may result in diverse spatial patterns exhibited by MICS-II models and ours. Our spatial distributions of O(3) shows a high concentration patch covering Beijing, a moderate to high pattern across Korea and Japan Sea, and a low but extensive pattern enclosing southern China, Taiwan, and East Sea. Extension of the pattern to southern China coincides with the existence of pollution problems in Guangdong and Taiwan, but overprediction of O(3) over the region deserves further improvement by various factors. One of them can be the grid resolution to resolve the complex orography in or close to the ocean. Another factor can be the refinement of local land use data that changes the micro-meteorology in favor of more air pollution events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fu, Joshua S.; Li, Zuopan; Kwok, Roger] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jang, Carey J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kwok, Roger] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Park, Rokjin] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, Rokjin] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Han, Zhiwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Fu, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsfu@utk.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 3571 EP 3583 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.058 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310TF UT WOS:000256552600008 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Wexler, AS Chan, CK Chan, MN AF Kelly, James T. Wexler, Anthony S. Chan, Chak K. Chan, Man N. TI Aerosol thermodynamics of potassium salts, double salts, and water content near the eutectic SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE deliquescence; potassium; hydrate; eutonic; supersaturated ID EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; PARTICLES; MULTICOMPONENT; MIXTURES; SYSTEM; APPROXIMATION; DELIQUESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; ISORROPIA AB Water uptake by hygroscopic constituents of atmospheric particles has implications for climate and health. This article focuses on three topics related to calculating particle water uptake. First, an electrodynamic balance (EDB) is used to measure water activity for supersaturated binary KNO3 and KCl solutions. The EDB measurements for KNO3 confirm earlier predictions, while those for KCl confirm earlier measurements. Second, our earlier theory for the variation in mutual deliquescence relative humidity (MDRH) with temperature (T) is extended to double salt systems. The MDRH(7) equation for double salt systems reduces to the earlier equation under some conditions, and predictions for two systems are in reasonable agreement with solubility-based calculations. Finally, an approximate treatment of water uptake in the MDRH region (i.e., near the eutectic) is evaluated, and a new approach is developed that accounts for particle composition. The new approach represents predictions of a benchmark model well and eliminates most of the error associated with the earlier method. Although simple treatments of water uptake near the eutectic may introduce error into equilibrium calculations, their use can sometimes be justified based on inherent limitations of aerosol representations in chemistry-transport models. Results of this study can be used to improve calculations of water content in atmospheric aerosol models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelly, James T.; Wexler, Anthony S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wexler, Anthony S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wexler, Anthony S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chan, Chak K.; Chan, Man N.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kelly.james@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Chan, Chak/D-8471-2013; OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Chan, Chak Keung/0000-0001-9687-8771 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 16 BP 3717 EP 3728 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314OJ UT WOS:000256818400006 ER PT J AU Russell, MJ Weller, DE Jordan, TE Sigwart, KJ Sullivan, KJ AF Russell, Marc J. Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. Sigwart, Kevin J. Sullivan, Kathryn J. TI Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic; budgets; nutrients; phosphorus; watershed ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; LONG-TERM TRENDS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE WATERS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NORTHEASTERN USA; LAND-USE; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON AB We estimated net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs (NAPI) in the Chesapeake Bay region. NAPI is an index of phosphorus pollution potential. NAPI was estimated by quantifying all phosphorus inputs and outputs for each county. Inputs include fertilizer applications and non-food phosphorus uses, while trade of food and feed can be an input or an output. The average of 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002 NAPI for individual counties ranged from 0.02 to 78.46 kg P ha(-1) year(-1). The overall area-weighted average NAPI for 266 counties in the region was 4.52 kg P ha(-1) year(-1), indicating a positive net phosphorus input that can accumulate in the landscape or can pollute the water. Large positive NAPI values were associated with agricultural and developed land cover. County area-weighted NAPI increased from 4.43 to 4.94 kg P ha(-1) year(-1) between 1987 and 1997 but decreased slightly to 4.86 kg P ha(-1) year(-1) by 2002. Human population density, livestock unit density, and percent row crop land combined to explain 83% of the variability in NAPI among counties. Around 10% of total NAPI entering the Chesapeake Bay watershed is discharged into Chesapeake Bay. The developed land component of NAPI had a strong direct correlation with measured phosphorus discharges from major rivers draining to the Bay (R(2) = 0.81), however, the correlation with the simple percentage of developed land was equally strong. Our results help identify the sources of P in the landscape and evaluate the utility of NAPI as a predictor of water quality. C1 [Russell, Marc J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Russell, Marc J.; Weller, Donald E.; Jordan, Thomas E.; Sigwart, Kevin J.; Sullivan, Kathryn J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Russell, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM russell.marc@epa.gov OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 114 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 285 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9212-9 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 309OU UT WOS:000256470900006 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Gilmour, MI Hays, MD AF Saxena, Rajiv K. Gilmour, M. Ian Hays, Michael D. TI Isolation and quantitative estimation of diesel exhaust and carbon black particles ingested by lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in vitro SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PHAGOCYTOSIS; PARTICULATE; MICE; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; IMMUNITY; RATS AB A new procedure for isolating and estimating ingested carbonaceousis diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or carbon black (CB) particles by lung epithelial cells and macrophages is described. Cells were incubated with DEP or CB to examine cell-particle interaction and ingestion. After various incubation periods, the cells were separated from free extracellular DEP or CB particles by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and dissolved in hot sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent. Insoluble DEP or CB residues were isolated by high-speed centrifugation, and the elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in the pellets were estimated by a thermal-optical-transmittance method (i.e., carbon analysis). From the EC concentration, the amount of ingested DEP or CB could be calculated. The described technique allowed the determination of the kinetics and dose dependence of DEP uptake by LA4 lung epithelial cells and MHS alveolar macrophages. Both cell types ingested DEP to a similar degree; however, the MHS macrophages took up significantly more, CB than the epithelial cells. Cytochalasin D, tin agent thin blocks actin polymerization in the cells, inhibited approximately 80% of DEP uptake by both cell types, indicating that the process was actin-dependent in a manner similar to phagocytosis. This technique can be applied to examine the interactions between cells and particles containing EC and to study the modulation of particle uptake in diseased tissue. C1 [Saxena, Rajiv K.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [Saxena, Rajiv K.; Gilmour, M. Ian] Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Saxena, RK (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. EM rksaxena@mail.jnu.ac.in RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 FU National Research Council; National Academy of Sciences (NAS). USA FX R.K.S. was supported by a Senior Research Fellowship of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences (NAS). USA. The authors are grateful to Ms. Pamela Barfield and Mike McClure fir technical assistance. This paper has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.2144/000112754 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 411GQ UT WOS:000263637700014 PM 18476833 ER PT J AU Ellis-Hutchings, RG Zucker, RM Lau, CS Grey, BE Rogers, JM AF Ellis-Hutchings, R. G. Zucker, R. M. Lau, C. S. Grey, B. E. Rogers, J. M. TI Prenatal origins of hypertension induced by gestational undernutrition or environmental chemical exposure SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ellis-Hutchings, R. G.; Zucker, R. M.; Lau, C. S.; Grey, B. E.; Rogers, J. M.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000005 ER PT J AU Hosako, H Martin, GS Barrier, M Mirkes, PE AF Hosako, H. Martin, G. S. Barrier, M. Mirkes, P. E. TI Gene and miRNA expression differences in p53-deficient day-9 mouse embryos SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hosako, H.; Martin, G. S.; Mirkes, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Barrier, M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000009 ER PT J AU Euling, SY Makris, S Sen, B White, L Benson, R Gaido, KW Kim, AS Hester, S Wilson, VS Keshava, C Keshava, N Foster, PM Androulakis, IP Ovacik, M Ierapetritou, MG Gray, LE Thompson, C Chiu, W AF Euling, S. Y. Makris, S. Sen, B. White, L. Benson, R. Gaido, K. W. Kim, A. S. Hester, S. Wilson, V. S. Keshava, C. Keshava, N. Foster, P. M. Androulakis, I. P. Ovacik, M. Ierapetritou, M. G. Gray, L. E., Jr. Thompson, C. Chiu, W. TI An approach to using genomics data in risk assessment: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) case study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Euling, S. Y.; Makris, S.; Kim, A. S.; Keshava, C.; Keshava, N.; Thompson, C.; Chiu, W.] US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Sen, B.; White, L.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Benson, R.] US EPA, Reg 8, Denver, CO USA. [Gaido, K. W.] Hamner Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hester, S.; Wilson, V. S.; Gray, L. E., Jr.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foster, P. M.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Androulakis, I. P.; Ovacik, M.; Ierapetritou, M. G.] Rutgers UMDNJ, ebCTC, Piscataway, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000023 ER PT J AU Francis, EZ Timm, G Laessig, S Bayne, E AF Francis, E. Z. Timm, G. Laessig, S. Bayne, E. TI EPA's endocrine disruptors programs: Research used in agency decision making SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Francis, E. Z.; Timm, G.; Laessig, S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bayne, E.] Amer Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000046 ER PT J AU Chernoff, N Rogers, EH Gage, MI AF Chernoff, N. Rogers, E. H. Gage, M., I TI Maternal and fetal toxicity in developmental toxicology bioassays: Weight changes and their biological significance SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chernoff, N.; Rogers, E. H.; Gage, M., I] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000047 ER PT J AU Singh, AV Shah, I Kavalock, RJ Knudsen, TB AF Singh, A., V Shah, I Kavalock, R. J. Knudsen, T. B. TI Knowledge base for v-Embryo: Information infrastructure for In silico modeling SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shah, I; Kavalock, R. J.; Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Singh, A., V] Lockheed Martin, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013 OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000050 ER PT J AU Makris, S AF Makris, S. TI Moving towards a one-generation protocol SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makris, S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000106 ER PT J AU Knudsen, TB AF Knudsen, T. B. TI Using web-based tools for teaching embryology SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knudsen, T. B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000111 ER PT J AU Laessig, SA Bayne, E Francis, EZ AF Laessig, S. A. Bayne, E. Francis, E. Z. TI Understanding outcomes of early developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Laessig, S. A.; Francis, E. Z.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bayne, E.] Associated Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000121 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Schmid, JE Das, KP Wood, CR Zehr, RD AF Rosen, M. B. Schmid, J. E. Das, K. P. Wood, C. R. Zehr, R. D. TI Gene expression profiling in the lung and liver of PFOS-exposed mouse fetuses SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosen, M. B.; Schmid, J. E.; Das, K. P.; Wood, C. R.; Zehr, R. D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000134 ER PT J AU Narotsky, MG Hunter, ES Klinefelter, GR Goldman, JM Strader, LF Pressman, JG Miltner, RJ Speth, TF Richardson, SD Teuschler, LK Rice, GE Simmons, JE AF Narotsky, M. G. Hunter, E. S. Klinefelter, G. R. Goldman, J. M. Strader, L. F. Pressman, J. G. Miltner, R. J. Speth, T. F. Richardson, S. D. Teuschler, L. K. Rice, G. E. Simmons, J. E. TI Assessment of reproductive effects of complex mixtures of disinfection by-products in a multi-generational rat bioassay of drinking water concentrates SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Narotsky, M. G.; Hunter, E. S.; Klinefelter, G. R.; Goldman, J. M.; Strader, L. F.; Simmons, J. E.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth Environm Effescts Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pressman, J. G.; Miltner, R. J.; Speth, T. F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Richardson, S. D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, ORD, Athens, GA USA. [Teuschler, L. K.; Rice, G. E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 312FR UT WOS:000256655000141 ER PT J AU Van Emon, JM Chuang, JC Lordo, RA Schrock, ME Nichkova, M Gee, SJ Hammock, BD AF Van Emon, Jeanette M. Chuang, Jane C. Lordo, Robert A. Schrock, Mary E. Nichkova, Mikaela Gee, Shirley J. Hammock, Bruce D. TI An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of dioxins in contaminated sediment and soil samples SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PCDD; PCDF; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TCDD; GC/HRMS; immunoassay ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ANTIBODY; PCBS; FRACTIONATION; VALIDATION; PCDDS; PCDFS AB A 96-microwell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was evaluated to determine PCDDs/PCDFs in sediment and soil samples from an EPA Superfund site. Samples were prepared and analyzed by both the ELISA and a gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) method. Comparable method precision, accuracy, and detection level (8 ng kg(-1)) were achieved by the ELISA method with respect to GC/HRMS. However, the extraction and cleanup method developed for the ELISA requires refinement for the soil type that yielded a waxy residue after sample processing. Four types of statistical analyses (Pearson correlation coefficient, paired t-test, nonparametric tests, and McNemar's test of association) were performed to determine whether the two methods produced statistically different results. The log-transformed ELISA-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin values and log-transformed GC/HRMS-derived TEQ values were significantly correlated (r = 0.79) at the 0.05 level. The median difference in values between ELISA and GC/HRMS was not significant at the 0.05 level. Low false negative and false positive rates (<10%) were observed for the ELISA when compared to the GC/HRMS at 1000 ng TEQ kg-1. The findings suggest that immunochemical technology could be a complementary monitoring tool for determining concentrations at the 1000 ng TEQ kg(-1) action level for contaminated sediment and soil. The ELISA could also be used in an analytical triage approach to screen and rank samples prior to instrumental analysis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Emon, Jeanette M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.; Lordo, Robert A.; Schrock, Mary E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Nichkova, Mikaela; Gee, Shirley J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hammock, Bruce D.] Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van Emon, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 313ID UT WOS:000256733400014 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Biofuel point/counterpoint SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD MAY PY 2008 VL 10 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10098-008-0150-y PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IX UT WOS:000260826100003 ER PT J AU Gregory, MJ Kimerling, AJ White, D Sahr, K AF Gregory, Matthew J. Kimerling, A. Jon White, Denis Sahr, Kevin TI A comparison of intercell metrics on discrete global grid systems SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE discrete global grid system; intercell distance; cell wall midpoint; goodchild criteria; distortion analysis ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; DESIGN; SPHERE AB A discrete global grid system (DGGS) is a spatial data model that aids in global research by serving as a framework for environmental modeling, monitoring and sampling across the earth at multiple spatial scales. Topological and geometric criteria have been proposed to evaluate and compare DGGSs; two of which, intercell distance and the "cell wall midpoint" criterion, form the basis of this study. We propose evaluation metrics for these two criteria and present numerical results from these measures for several DGGSs. We also consider the impact of different design choices on these metrics, such as predominant tessellating shape, base modeling solid and partition density between recursive subdivisions. For the intercell distance metric, the Fuller-Gray DGGS performs best, while the Equal Angle DGGS performs substantially worse. For the cell wall midpoint metric, however, the Equal Angle DGGS has the lowest overall distortion with the Snyder and Fuller-Gray DGGSs also performing relatively well. Aggregation of triangles into hexagons has little impact on intercell distance measurements, although dual hexagon aggregation results in markedly different statistics and spatial patterns for the cell wall midpoint property. In all cases, partitions on the icosahedron outperform similar partitions on the octahedron. Partition density accounts for little variation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gregory, Matthew J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kimerling, A. Jon] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sahr, Kevin] So Oregon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Gregory, MJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matt.gregory@oregonstate.edu; kimerlia@geo.oregonstate.edu; white.denis@epamail.epa.gov; sahrk@sou.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 188 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.11.003 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 317JW UT WOS:000257017100003 ER PT J AU Tran, LT O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Wagner, PF Mehaffey, M AF Tran, Liem T. O'Neill, Robert V. Smith, Elizabeth R. Wagner, Paul F. Mehaffey, Megan TI Watershed-based self- and peer-appraisal indices for integrated environmental assessment with a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE aggregated index; self-appraisal index; peer-appraisal index; linear programming; optimization ID INDICATORS; SUSTAINABILITY; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB Environmental indicators are often aggregated into a single index in environmental studies. Commonly, an aggregated index is derived in a specific weighting scheme imposed from the outside. The paper presents a novel approach by letting each unit under study choose a set of weights. It applies the concept of self- and cross-appraisal in generating various aggregated indices from two linear programming optimization models. The proposed method is illustrated via a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region. Results show that the derived aggregated indices reveal environmental conditions of the study area in an objective and robust fashion. The proposed method is a valuable tool for integrated environmental assessment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tran, Liem T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'Neill, Robert V.] T N & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smith, Elizabeth R.; Wagner, Paul F.; Mehaffey, Megan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 1000 Phillip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltran1@utk.edu RI Mehaffey, Megan/A-7476-2009 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.03.004 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255WK UT WOS:000252688600012 ER PT J AU Sharlin, DS Tighe, D Gilbert, ME Zoeller, RT AF Sharlin, David S. Tighe, Daniel Gilbert, Mary E. Zoeller, R. Thomas TI The balance between oligodendrocyte and astrocyte production in major white matter tracts is linearly related to serum total thyroxine SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYROID-HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY; CELL-INTRINSIC TIMER; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; YOUNG-ADULTS; GLIAL-CELLS; RAT-BRAIN; EXPOSURE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Thyroid hormone ( TH) may control the ratio of oligodendrocytes to astrocytes in white matter by acting on a common precursor of these two cell types. If so, then TH should produce an equal but opposite effect on the density of these two cells types across all THlevels. To test this, we induced graded TH insufficiency by treating pregnant rats with increasing doses of propylthiouracil. Propylthiouracil induced a dose-dependent decrease in serum T-4 in postnatal d 15 pups, a dose-dependent decrease in the density of MAG- positive oligodendrocytes, and an equal increase in the density of glial fibrillary acidic protein- positive astrocytes in both the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. Linear regression analyses demonstrated a strong correlation between glial densities and serum T4; this correlation was positive for astrocytes and negative for oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, oligodendrocyte density in the corpus callosum was more sensitive to changes in THthan in the anterior commissure, as indicated by the slope of the regressions. Furthermore, we measured an overall reduction in the cellular density that was independent of changes in myelin- associated glycoprotein and glial fibrillary acidic protein- positive cells. These data strongly support the interpretation that TH controls the balance of production of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in major white matter tracts of the developing brain by acting on a common precursor of these cell types. Moreover, these findings indicate that major white matter tracts may differ in their sensitivity to TH insufficiency. C1 [Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sharlin, David S.; Tighe, Daniel; Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Program Mol & Cellular Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gilbert, Mary E.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zoeller, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tzoeller@bio.umass.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010026] NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 149 IS 5 BP 2527 EP 2536 DI 10.1210/en.2007-1431 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 291LX UT WOS:000255200000053 PM 18276755 ER PT J AU Haugland, J AF Haugland, John TI Multilateral protection of large lakes SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Haugland, J (reprint author), US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.3200/ENVT.50.3.3-5 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297NX UT WOS:000255624500003 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, JR Goldsmith, MR Little, SB Pasquinelli, MA AF Rabinowitz, James R. Goldsmith, Michael-Rock Little, Stephen B. Pasquinelli, Melissa A. TI Computational molecular modeling for evaluating the toxicity of environmental chemicals: Prioritizing bioassay requirements SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE computational toxicology; docking; enrichment; false negatives; high-throughput screening; molecular modeling; prioritizing bioassays; virtual screening ID DRUG DISCOVERY; IN-SILICO; BINDING; DOCKING; PROTEINS; DESIGN; SEARCH; TARGET AB BACKGROUND: The human health risk from exposure to environmental chemicals often must be evaluated when relevant elements of the preferred data are unavailable. Therefore, strategies are needed that can predict this information and prioritize the outstanding data requirements for the risk evaluation. Many modes of molecular toxicity require the chemical or one of its biotransformation products to interact with specific biologic macromolecules (i.e., proteins and DNA). Molecular modeling approaches may be adapted to study the interactions of environmental chemicals with biomolecular targets. OBJECTIVE: In this commentary we provide an overview of the challenges that arise from applying molecular modeling tools developed and commonly used for pharmaceutical discovery to the problem of predicting the potential toxicities of environmental chemicals. DISCUSSION: The use of molecular modeling tools to predict the unintended health and environmental consequences of environmental chemicals differs strategically from the use of the same tools in the pharmaceutical discovery process in terms of the goals and potential applications. It also requires consideration of the greater diversity of chemical space and binding affinity domains than is covered by pharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION: Molecular modeling methods offer one of several complementary approaches to evaluate the risk to human health and the environment as a result of exposure to environmental chemicals. These tools can streamline the hazard assessment process by simulating possible modes of action and providing virtual screening tools that can help prioritize bioassay requirements. Tailoring these strategies to the particular challenges presented by environmental chemical interactions make them even more effective. C1 [Rabinowitz, James R.; Goldsmith, Michael-Rock; Little, Stephen B.; Pasquinelli, Melissa A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pasquinelli, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fiber & Polymer Sci Dept, TECS, Campus Box 8301,2401 Res Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Melissa_Pasquinelli@ncsu.edu OI Pasquinelli, Melissa/0000-0001-5815-2558 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1289/ehp.11077 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 296JF UT WOS:000255538600020 PM 18470285 ER PT J AU Engel-Cox, JA Van Houten, B Phelps, J Rose, SW AF Engel-Cox, Jill A. Van Houten, Bennett Phelps, Jerry Rose, Shyanika W. TI Conceptual model of comprehensive research metrics for improved human health and environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE conceptual model development; environmental health research; metrics development; performance measurement; research impact evaluation ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; MORTALITY; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVE: Federal, state, and private research agencies and organizations have faced increasing administrative and public demand for performance measurement. Historically, performance measurement predominantly consisted of near-term outputs measured through bibliometrics. The recent focus is on accountability for investment based on long-term outcomes. Developing measurable outcome-based metrics for research programs has been particularly challenging, because of difficulty linking research results to spatially and temporally distant outcomes. Our objective in this review is to build a logic model and associated metrics through which to measure the contribution of environmental health research programs to improvements in human health, the environment, and the economy. DATA SOURCES: We used expert input and literature research on research impact assessment. DATA EXTRACTION: With these sources, we developed a logic model that defines the components and linkages between extramural environmental health research grant programs and the outputs and outcomes related to health and social welfare, environmental quality and sustainability, economics, and quality of life. DATA SYNTHESIS: The logic model focuses on the environmental health research portfolio of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Division of Extramural Research and Training. The model delineates pathways for contributions by five types of institutional partners in the research process: NIEHS, other government (federal, state, and local) agencies, grantee institutions, business and industry, and community partners. CONCLUSIONS: The model is being applied to specific NIEHS research applications and the broader research community. We briefly discuss two examples and discuss the strengths and limits of outcome-based evaluation of research programs. C1 [Van Houten, Bennett; Phelps, Jerry] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Engel-Cox, Jill A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Rose, Shyanika W.] Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Engel-Cox, JA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 2101 Wilson Blvd,Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM engelcoxj@battelle.org NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1289/ehp.10925 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 296JF UT WOS:000255538600022 PM 18470312 ER PT J AU Gao, X Hu, X Qian, L Yang, S Zhang, W Zhang, D Wu, X Fraser, A Wilson, B Flood, PM Block, M Hong, JS AF Gao, Xi Hu, Xiaoming Qian, Li Yang, Sufen Zhang, Wei Zhang, Dan Wu, Xuefei Fraser, Alison Wilson, Belinda Flood, Patrick M. Block, Michelle Hong, Jau-Shyong TI Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylaianine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity via microglial activation: A mediator between peripheral infection and neurodegeneration? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE fMLP; inflammation; microglia; NADPH oxidase; neurotoxicity ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NADPH-OXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INFLAMMATORY DAMAGE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PEPTIDE RECEPTOR-2; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; NEURONS; FMLP AB BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease, has been proposed to be a multifactorial disorder resulting from a combination of environmental mechanisms (chemical, infectious, and traumatic), aging, and genetic deficits. Microglial activation is important in the pathogenesis of PD. OBJECTIVES: We investigated dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylaianine (fMLP), a bacteria-derived peptide, in relation to PD. METHODS: We measured DA neurotoxicity using a DA uptake assay and immunocytochemical staining (ICC) in primary mesencephalic cultures from rodents. Microglial activation was observed via ICC, flow cytometry, and superoxide measurement. RESULTS: fMLP can cause selective DA neuronal loss at concentrations as low as 10(-13) M. Further, fMLP (10(-13) M) led to a significant reduction in DA uptake capacity in neuron/glia (N/G) cultures, but not in microglia-depleted cultures, indicating an indispensable role of microglia in fMLP-induced neurotoxicity. Using ICC of a specific microoial marker, OX42, we observed morphologic changes in activated microglia after fMLP treatment. Microglial activation after fMLP treatment was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis of major histocompatibility antigen class 11 expression on a microglia HAPI cell line. Mechanistic studies revealed that fMLP (10(-13) M)-induced increase in the production of extracellular superoxide from microglia is critical in mediating fMLP-elicited neurotoxicity. Pharmacologic inhibition of NADPH oxidase (PHOX) with diphenylene-iodonium or apocynin abolished the DA neurotoxicity of fMLP. N/G cultures from PHOX-deficient (gp91(PHOX-/-)) mice were also insensitive to fMLP-induced DA neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION: fMLP (10(-13) M) induces DA neurotoxicity through activation of microglial PHOX and subsequent production of superoxide, suggesting a role of fMLP in the central nervous system inflammatory process. C1 [Gao, Xi; Hu, Xiaoming; Yang, Sufen; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Dan; Wu, Xuefei; Fraser, Alison; Wilson, Belinda; Block, Michelle] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Qian, Li; Flood, Patrick M.] Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hong, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM hong3@nichs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1289/ehp.11031 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 296JF UT WOS:000255538600023 PM 18470306 ER PT J AU DeWitt, JC Copeland, CB Strynar, MJ Luebke, RW AF DeWitt, Jamie C. Copeland, Carey B. Strynar, Mark J. Luebke, Robert W. TI Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced immunomodulation in adult C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N female mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE fluorinated compounds; immunomodulation; immunotoxicity; perfluoroalkyl acids; PFOA ID PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; PEROXISOMAL BETA-OXIDATION; CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; EXPOSURE; INDUCTION; PROLIFERATORS; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; TOXICITY AB BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an environmentally persistent compound of regulatory concern, has been reported to reduce antibody responses in mice at a single dose. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate PFOA effects on humoral and cellular immunity using standard assays for assessing immune function, and to derive dose-response data. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice received 0 or 30 mg PFOA/kg/day for 10 days; half of the exposed groups were switched to vehicle and half continued on PFOA for five days. C57BL/6N mice received 0-30 mg/kg/day of PFOA in drinking water for 15 days. Mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells or sensitized to bovine serum albumin in Freund's complete adjuvant on day 10 of exposure; immune responses were determined I day post-exposure. RESULTS: We found that 30 mg PFOA/kg/day given for 10 or 15 days reduced IgM synthesis; serum collected 1 day postexposure contained 8.4 x 10(4) or 2.7 x 10(5) ng PFOA/mL, respectively. IgM synthesis was suppressed at exposures >= 3.75 mg PFOA/kg/day in a dose-dependent manner, and IgG titers were elevated at 3.75 and 7.5 mg PFOA/kg/day. Serum PFOA at 3.75 mg/kg/day was 7.4 x 10(4) ng/mL 1 day postexposure, or 150-fold greater than the levels reported in individuals living near a PFOA production site. Using a second-degree polynomial model, we calculated a benchmark dose of 3 mg/kg/day, with a lower bound (95% confidence limit) of 1.75 mg/kg/day. Cell-mediated function was not affected. CONCLUSIONS: IgM antibodies were suppressed after PFOA exposure. The margin of exposure for reduced IgM antibody synthesis was approximately 150 for highly exposed human populations. C1 [Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [DeWitt, Jamie C.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Copeland, Carey B.; Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luebke.robert@epa.gov OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 NR 23 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1289/ehp.10896 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 296JF UT WOS:000255538600031 PM 18470313 ER PT J AU Matott, LS Rabideau, AJ AF Matott, L. Shawn Rabideau, Alan J. TI ISOFIT - A program for fitting sorption isotherms to experimental data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE isotherm; sorption; nonlinear regression; parameter estimation; particle swarm optimization ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SOILS; REGRESSION; SEDIMENTS; MODELS AB Isotherm expressions are important for describing the partitioning of contaminants in environmental systems. ISOFIT (Isotherm Fitting Tool) is a software program that fits isotherm parameters to experimental data via the minimization of a weighted sum of squared error (WSSE) objective function. ISOFIT supports a number of isotherms, including several dual-mode isotherms that combine Freundlich, Langmuir, and Polanyi expressions with a linear partitioning term. To minimize the WSSE objective function, ISOFIT utilizes a hybrid optimization procedure that combines particle swarm optimization with Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression. An initial swarm optimization step identifies promising solutions while circumventing local minima and the follow-on regression step provides local refinement and facilitates the calculation of numerous regression statistics. To demonstrate ISOFIT and evaluate its performance, the program was applied to a readily available sorption dataset and benchmarked against results generated using the MS Excel solver package. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matott, L. Shawn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rabideau, Alan J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Matott, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM matott.shawn@epa.gov; rabideau@buffalo.edu NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 23 IS 5 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.08.005 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261ZM UT WOS:000253118500014 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Cai, Y Philippi, T Kalla, P Scheidt, D Richards, J Scinto, L Appleby, C AF Liu, Guangliang Cai, Yong Philippi, Thomas Kalla, Peter Scheidt, Daniel Richards, Jennifer Scinto, Leonard Appleby, Charlie TI Distribution of total and methylmercury in different ecosystem compartments in the Everglades: Implications for mercury bioaccumulation SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; everglades; distribution; bioaccumulation ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; NORTHERN FLORIDA EVERGLADES; DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; ORGANIC-CARBON; WETLAND; WATER; PERIPHYTON; SEDIMENT; ACCUMULATION AB We analyzed Hg species distribution patterns among ecosystem compartments in the Everglades at the landscape level in order to explore the implications of Hg distribution for Hg bioaccumulation and to investigate major biogeochemical processes that are pertinent to the observed Hg distribution patterns. At an Everglade-wide scale, THg concentrations were significantly increased in the following order: periphyton < flocculent material (floe) < soil, while relatively high MeHg concentrations were observed in floe and periphyton. Differences in the methylation potential, THg concentration, and MeHg retention capacity could explain the relatively high MeHg concentrations in floe and periphyton. The MeHg/THg ratio was higher for water than for soil, floe, or periphyton probably due to high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations present in the Everglades. Mosquitofish THg positively correlated with periphyton MeHg and DOC-normalized water MeHg. The relative THg and MeHg distribution patterns among ecosystem compartments favor Hg bioaccumulation in the Everglades. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong; Scinto, Leonard] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Philippi, Thomas; Richards, Jennifer] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Kalla, Peter; Scheidt, Daniel; Appleby, Charlie] US EPA, Sci Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cai, Y (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM cai@fiu.edu RI Cai, Yong/K-9868-2015 OI Cai, Yong/0000-0002-2811-4638 NR 45 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 2 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301XY UT WOS:000255931000001 PM 17945404 ER PT J AU Mahaffey, KR Clickner, RP Jeffries, RA AF Mahaffey, Kathryn R. Clickner, Robert P. Jeffries, Rebecca A. TI Methylmercury and omega-3 fatty acids: Co-occurrence of dietary sources with emphasis on fish and shellfish SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE methylmercury; blood mercury; omega-3 fatty acids; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; EPA; DHA; biomonitoring; fish; shellfish; warfarin; NHANES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; fish; shellfish; contaminants ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; METHYL MERCURY; BLEEDING-TIME; UNITED-STATES; EDIBLE FISH; FOOD WEBS; CONSUMPTION; RISK AB Despite many claims of broad benefits, especially for in utero development, derived from the consumption of fish as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, individual species of fish and shellfish provide substantially varied levels of these fatty acids. Likewise, mean methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations for fish and shellfish species differ by greater than an order of magnitude. Consideration of within-species variability would increase this variation farther. Exposures to both MeHg and to the omega-3 fatty acids reflect dietary choices including species consumed, frequency of consumption, and portion size. In view of these sources of variability, data on dietary patterns and blood mercury (mu g/L) among women of child-bearing age (e.g., 16-49 years) provided an indication of exposures in the United States. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for survey years 1999-2002, calculated consumption of MeHg and omega-3 fatty acids from fish and shellfish have been estimated based on results from 3614 women who provided 30-day dietary recall and 24-hours records. Statistics from NHANES when appropriately weighted are representative of the US population. The association between dietary MeHg from fish and shellfish and dietary fish intake yielded a Pearson correlation of 0.68. The Pearson correlation between estimated 30-day intake from fish/shellfish consumption for omega-3 fatty acids and MeHg was 0.66. Evaluation of the most commonly consumed fish and shellfish species as sources of MeHg and omega-3 fatty acids indicated that salmon followed by shrimp are principal sources of omega-3 fatty acids and are lesser sources of MeHg, in contrast with tuna which provides omega-3 fatty acids, but considerably higher levels of MeHg. These data can be used to guide selection of individual fish and shellfish species that are higher in omega-3 content and low in MeHg concentrations. This more refined dietary approach contrasts with generic recommendations that simply advise increasing fish consumption as a path toward improving cardiovascular health and providing benefits for in utero development or avoiding fish altogether. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahaffey, Kathryn R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Clickner, Robert P.; Jeffries, Rebecca A.] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Mahaffey, KR (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mahaffey.kate@epa.gov NR 78 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 107 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 304VQ UT WOS:000256137600004 PM 17996230 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO Sheesley, RJ Schauer, JJ AF Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. Sheesley, Rebecca J. Schauer, James J. TI Primary and secondary contributions to ambient PM in the midwestern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; SOURCE PROFILES; GAS-PHASE; EMISSIONS; TRACERS AB Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected in five midwestern United States cities throughout 2004: East St. Louis, Illinois; Detroit, Michigan; Cincinnati, Ohio; Bondville, Illinois; and Northbrook, Illinois. Monthly composites were analyzed using chemical derivatization coupled with GC-MS analysis to estimate the contributions of several sources to the total ambient organic carbon. A chemical mass balance (CMB) approach was used to estimate contributions from several primary sources. An additional, organic tracer-based technique was employed to estimate secondary contributions, including secondary organic carbon derived from isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene. The sum of these contributions was compared with the total organic carbon measured at each sampling site, and reasonable carbon mass balances were observed for four of the five sites. In Bondville, Northbrook, Cincinnati, and Detroit a strong correlation was observed between the sum of the estimated primary and secondary contributions and the measured organic carbon (R-2 = 0.73). The estimated secondary organic carbon concentrations were observed to vary considerably with season, with the strongest contributions coming from isoprene and alpha-pinene during the summer. While further research is required, there is some evidence that the contribution estimates for alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyliene, and toluene SOC may to some degree represent the contributions from the broader classes of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aromatics. C1 [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sheesley, Rebecca J.; Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lewandowski, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lewandowski.michael@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 NR 35 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3303 EP 3309 DI 10.1021/es0720412 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294ZF UT WOS:000255444100035 PM 18522110 ER PT J AU Martinovic, D Denny, JS Schmieder, PK Ankley, GT Sorensen, PW AF Martinovic, Dalma Denny, Jeffrey S. Schmieder, Patricia K. Ankley, Gerald T. Sorensen, Peter W. TI Temporal variation in the estrogenicity of a sewage treatment plant effluent and its biological significance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATHEAD MINNOW VITELLOGENIN; MESSENGER-RNA; INTERMITTENT EXPOSURE; RECEPTOR BINDING; IN-VITRO; RESPONSES; ESTRADIOL; CHEMICALS; FISH; 17-ALPHA-ETHINYLESTRADIOL AB Daily variation in the estrogenic activity of effluent released by a modern sewage treatment plant (STP) was measured and its effects on the physiology, behavior, and reproductive success of male fish were evaluated. As measured by an estrogen receptor binding assay, the daily estrogenic activity of this effluent was both high and extremely variable (42 +/- 25.4 [mean +/- SD] ng 17 beta-estradiol (E2) equivalents/L, n = 18). Liver VTG mRNA expression in male fathead minnows (FHM) covaried with the binding assay estimates, suggesting that these fluctuations are biologically relevant. Tests which exposed male FHMs to either fluctuating levels of E2, a constant concentration of E2 (time-weighted to reflect average concentrations), or control (no E2) demonstrated that while the estrogenic activity of this effluent was detrimental to male spawning success, the fact that its concentration varied in a daily manner was without additional influence. The variability of the effluent's estrogenicity suggests that studies concerned with the effects of STP effluents should collect multiple daily samples and then test them on an appropriate time-weighted basis. C1 [Martinovic, Dalma; Sorensen, Peter W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conserv Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Denny, Jeffrey S.; Schmieder, Patricia K.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Martinovic, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conserv Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM martinovic.dalma@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 32 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3421 EP 3427 DI 10.1021/es0708013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294ZF UT WOS:000255444100053 PM 18522128 ER PT J AU Awkerman, JA Raimondo, S Barron, MG AF Awkerman, Jill A. Raimondo, Sandy Barron, Mace G. TI Development of species sensitivity distributions for wildlife using interspecies toxicity correlation models SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSUMPTIONS AB Species sensitivity distributions (SSD) are probability distributions of chemical toxicity of multiple species and have had limited application in wildlife risk assessment because of relatively small data sets of wildlife toxicity values. Interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models predict the acute toxicity to untested taxa from known toxicity of a single surrogate species. ICE models were used to predict toxicity values to wildlife species and generate SSDs for 23 chemicals using four avian surrogates. The hazard levels associated with the fifth percentile of the distribution (05) were compared for ICE SSDs and independent SSDs created with measured data. SSDs were composed of either avian only or avian and mammalian taxa. ICE HD5s were within 5-fold of 90% of measured HD5s and were generally higher than measured HD5s. The first percentile of the distribution (HD1) and the fifth percentile of the lower confidence limit (HDL) of ICE SSDs produced values that were not significantly different from measured HD5s. Using a bird surrogate to predicttoxicity to birds and the Norway rat to predict toxicity to mammals improved some estimates of ICE HD5s compared with those generated using only bird surrogates. These results indicate that ICE models can be used to generate SSDs comparable to those derived from measured wildlife toxicity data and provide robust estimates of the HD5. C1 [Awkerman, Jill A.; Raimondo, Sandy; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Awkerman, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM awkerman.jill@epa.gov NR 19 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3447 EP 3452 DI 10.7021/es7O286lu PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294ZF UT WOS:000255444100057 PM 18522132 ER PT J AU Wang, N Erickson, RJ Ingersoll, CG Ivey, CD Brunson, EL Augspurger, T Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Erickson, Russell J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Ivey, Christopher D. Brunson, Eric L. Augspurger, Tom Barnhart, M. Christopher TI Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE juvenile mussels; unionidae; ammonia; pH; water quality criteria ID LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; HYALELLA-AZTECA; UNIONIDAE; GLOCHIDIA; QUALITY; COPPER; TESTS AB The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels. Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity tests were conducted with 10-d-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 9.0 in flow-through diluter systems at 20 degrees C. Acute 48-h tests with amphipods (Hyaletta azteca) and 96-h tests with oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were conducted concurrently under the same test conditions to determine the sensitivity of mussels relative to these two commonly tested benthic invertebrate species. During the exposure, pH levels were maintained within 0.1 of a pH unit and ammonia concentrations were relatively constant through time (coefficient of variation for ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 30% with a median value of 7.9%). The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of total ammonia nitrogen (N) for mussels were at least two to six times lower than the EC50s for amphipods and oligochaetes, and the EC50s for mussels decreased with increasing pH and ranged from 88 mg N/L at pH 6.6 to 0.96 mg N/L at pH 9.0. The EC50s for mussels were at or below the final acute values used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acute water quality criterion (WQC). However, the quantitative relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity to juvenile mussels was similar to the average relationship for other taxa reported in the WQC. These results indicate that including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC would lower the acute criterion but not change the WQC mathematical representation of the relative effect of pH on ammonia toxicity. C1 [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Ivey, Christopher D.; Brunson, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Erickson, Russell J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 N Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1146 DI 10.1897/07-193.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 289OL UT WOS:000255063700017 PM 18419178 ER PT J AU Salinas, KA Hemmer, MJ Harris, PS Walker, CC AF Salinas, Kimberly A. Hemmer, Michael J. Harris, Peggy S. Walker, Calvin C. TI A simple and rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry method to screen fish plasma samples for estrogen-responsive biomarkers SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endocrine-disrupting compounds; protein profiling; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; sheepshead minnow; estrogen ID PROTEIN EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; FATHEAD MINNOW VITELLOGENIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROSTATE-CANCER; ZONA RADIATA; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EGGSHELL PROTEIN; OVARIAN-CANCER AB In the present study, we describe and evaluate the performance of a simple and rapid mass spectral method for screening fish plasma for estrogen-responsive biomarkers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight mass spectrometry coupled with a short-term fish assay. Adult male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were placed into aquaria consisting of vehicle control and the following estrogen agonist treatments: 17 beta-estradiol (0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mu g/L, 4-tert-pentylphenol (100 mu g/L), methoxychlor (6 and 12 mu g/L), and bisphenol A (100 and 1,000 mu g/L). Treatments with chlorpyrifos (80 mu g/L) and endosulfan (0.6 mu g/L) served as nonestrogenic negative controls. Test concentrations were maintained using an intermittent flow-through dosing apparatus. Plasma was obtained from individuals, diluted and applied to an inert surface, and analyzed by MALDI. Multiple protein peaks, ranging from 2.9 to 12.9 kDa, were identified as markers of estrogenic effects when comparing estrogen-treated and control fish using interpercentile reference values. A binary classification tree model was constructed from plasma protein profiles of the vehicle control and the 0.2 mu g/L of 17 beta-estradiol treatments and then used to evaluate all samples. Treatments with the estrogen agonists 17 beta-estradiol, 4-tert-pentyl phenol, methoxychlor, and bisphenol-A generated reproducible diagnostic biomarkers based on the presence of specific estrogen-responsive plasma proteins. The controls and nonestrogenic compounds chlorpyrifos and endosulfan did not produce this estrogen-responsive protein profile. A no-observed-effect level for 17 beta-estradiol at 0.025 mu g/L was estimated from concentration-response exposures. The MALDI method described here provides a straightforward, sensitive, and specific tool to screen chemicals for estrogenic activity. C1 [Salinas, Kimberly A.; Hemmer, Michael J.; Harris, Peggy S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Walker, Calvin C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Salinas, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. EM salinas.kimberly@epa.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1183 DI 10.1897/07-226.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 289OL UT WOS:000255063700022 PM 18419181 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Calderon, RL Brenner, KP Sams, E Beach, M Haugland, R Wymer, L Dufour, AP AF Wade, Timothy J. Calderon, Rebecca L. Brenner, Kristen P. Sams, Elizabeth Beach, Michael Haugland, Richard Wymer, Larry Dufour, Alfred P. TI High sensitivity of children to swim ming-associated gastrointestinal illness - Results using a rapid assay of recreational water quality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; HEALTH-RISKS; SEA-WATER; BEACHES; INDICATORS; PROTECTION; MORBIDITY; POLLUTION; EXPOSURE AB Background: Culture-based methods of monitoring fecal pollution in recreational waters require 24 to 48 hours to obtain results. This delay leads to potentially inaccurate management decisions regarding beach safety. We evaluated the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) as a faster method to assess recreational water quality and predict swimming-associated illnesses. Methods: We enrolled visitors at 4 freshwater Great Lakes beaches, and contacted them 10 to 12 days later to ask about health symptoms experienced since the visit. Water at the beaches was polluted by point sources that carried treated sewage. We tested water samples daily for Enterococcus using QPCR and membrane filtration (EPA Method 1600). Results: We completed 21,015 interviews and tested 1359 water samples. Enterococcus QPCR cell equivalents (CEs) were positively associated with swimming-associated gastrointestinal (GI) illness (adjusted odds ratio per I log,, QPCR CE = 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.51). The association between GI illness and QPCR CE was stronger among children aged 10 years and below (1.69; 1.24-2.30). Nonenteric illnesses were not consistently associated with Enterococcus QPCR CE exposure, although rash and earache occurred more frequently among swimmers. Enterococcus QPCR CE exposure was more strongly associated with GI illness than Enterococcus measured by membrane filtration. Conclusions: Measurement of the indicator bacteria Enterococci in recreational water using a rapid QPCR method predicted swimming-associated GI illness at freshwater beaches polluted by sewage discharge. Children at 10 years or younger were at greater risk for GI illness following exposure. C1 [Wade, Timothy J.; Calderon, Rebecca L.; Sams, Elizabeth] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Brenner, Kristen P.; Haugland, Richard; Wymer, Larry; Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Beach, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wade, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, MD 58 C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.tim@epa.gov NR 38 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318169cc87 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 293DF UT WOS:000255314400007 PM 18379427 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Langenbach, R Bosetti, F AF Choi, Sang Ho Langenbach, Robert Bosetti, Francesca TI Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and brain injury SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microglia; astrocytes; prostaglandin; NADPH oxidase; oxidative stress ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2 SYNTHESIS; NEURONAL OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NADPH OXIDASE; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS AB Cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2 metabolize arachidonic acid to prostanoids and reactive oxygen species, major players in the neuroinflammatory process. While most reports have focused on the inducible isoform, COX-2, the contribution of COX-1 to the inflammatory response is unclear. In the present study, the contribution of COX-1 in the neuroinflammatory response to intracerebroventricular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated using COX-1 deficient (COX-1 ) mice or wild-type (COX-1(+/+)) mice pretreated with SC-560, a selective COX-1 inhibitor. Twenty-four hours after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, COX-1(-/-) mice showed decreased protein oxidation and LPS-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus compared with COX-1(+/+) mice. COX-1(-/-) mice showed a significant reduction of microglial activation, proinflammatory mediators, and expression of COX-2, inducible NOS, and NADPH oxidase. The transcriptional down-regulation of cytokines and other inflammatory markers in COX-1(-/-) mice was mediated by a reduced activation of NF-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Administration of SC-560 prior to LPS injection also attenuated the neuroinflammatory response by decreasing brain levels of prostaglandin (PG)E-2, PGD(2), PGF(2 alpha), and thromboxane B-2, as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine. These findings suggest that COX-1 plays a previously unrecognized role in neuroinflammatory damage. C1 [Choi, Sang Ho; Bosetti, Francesca] NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Langenbach, Robert] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bosetti, F (reprint author), NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM frances@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AG000423-04] NR 54 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1491 EP 1501 DI 10.1096/fj.07-9411com PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 301LW UT WOS:000255898700021 PM 18162486 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Ringold, PL Herlihy, AT Pierson, SM AF Whittier, Thomas R. Ringold, Paul L. Herlihy, Alan T. Pierson, Suzanne M. TI A calcium-based invasion risk assessment for zebra and quagga mussels (Driessena spp) SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS; LAKES; WATERWAYS; BUGENSIS; ONTARIO AB We used calcium concentration data from over 3000 stream and river sites across the contiguous United States to classify ecoregions relative to their risk for Dreissena species invasion. We defined risk based on calcium concentrations as: very low (< 12 mg L-1), low (12 - 20 mg L-1), moderate (20 - 28 mg L-1), and high (> 28 mg L-1). Ecoregions comprising 9.4% and 11.3% of land area were classified as very low risk and low risk, respectively. These areas included New England, most of the southeast, and western portions of the Pacific Northwest. High-risk ecoregions comprised 58.9% of land area. Ecoregions with highly variable calcium concentrations comprised 19.8% of land area; none could be classified as moderate risk. The majority of Dreissena occurrences (excluding the Great Lakes) were located in high-risk ecoregions, and most exceptions occurred in highly variable ecoregions. In low-risk ecoregions, mussels occurred in large rivers flowing from high-calcium regions. Our map provides guidance for the allocation of management resources. C1 [Whittier, Thomas R.; Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Ringold, Paul L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Pierson, Suzanne M.] Indus Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1890/070073 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294MC UT WOS:000255409100017 ER PT J AU McGarvey, DJ AF McGarvey, Daniel J. TI Tap into the law review literature - or better yet, submit an article! SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McGarvey, Daniel J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP McGarvey, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mcgar002@gmail.com RI McGarvey, Daniel/A-7725-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 217 EP 218 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2008)6[217:TITLRL]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294MC UT WOS:000255409100023 ER PT J AU Goldman, JM Stoker, TE Murr, AS McElroy, WK Cooper, RL AF Goldman, J. M. Stoker, T. E. Murr, A. S. McElroy, W. K. Cooper, R. L. TI Regional differences in the pituitary distribution of luteinizing hormone in the gonadectomized and proestrous female rat SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE luteinizing hormone; pituitary; hormone secretion ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; 4-DAY ESTROUS-CYCLE; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; STELLATE CELLS; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; LH; RELEASE; SECRETION; PROLACTIN; FSH AB Previous data have shown that regional differences in the presence of anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) generally correlate with the comparable disparities in distribution of gonadotropes throughout the gland. In female rats, the differences are apparent over the estrous cycle, but are more prominent during the hours preceding the proestrus surge of LH. The current experiments examined (1) if such regional disparities are present throughout the surge window, (2) if differences are mirrored by release of LH in vitro and (3) if the appearance of regional differences is altered in ovariectomized females. Results showed that a comparative elevation in the rostral portion of the pituitary during the pre-surge period diminishes and finally disappears concurrent with the rise in circulating LH. This increase in rostral LH concentrations is reflected in this region by a comparable effect in vitro on stimulated LH secretion from pituitary fragments, although the effect is somewhat diminished by referencing release against tissue concentrations of LH present in a contralateral rostral fragment. Ovariectomies conducted at 1500 h on proestrus, at a time when a significant regional difference has faded, resulted in a prompt increase in LH across all areas of the pituitary, and the emergence of a marked augmentation in rostral concentrations over the ensuing 72 h. The effect was not seen when ovariectomies were performed on estrus. These data show that, while a regional disparity in anterior pituitary LH is present as circulating concentrations of estradiol rise prior to the LH surge, the removal of this steroid feedback at a time when LH synthesis is normally amplified accentuates the difference between the rostral region and other areas of the pituitary. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Goldman, J. M.; Stoker, T. E.; Murr, A. S.; McElroy, W. K.; Cooper, R. L.] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.jerome@epa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.02.015 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 299QU UT WOS:000255770900019 PM 18395720 ER PT J AU Detenbeck, NE Cincotta, DA AF Detenbeck, Naomi E. Cincotta, Daniel A. TI Comparability of a regional and state survey: effects on fish IBI assessment for West Virginia, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE streams; survey design; watersheds; West Virginia; fish IBI ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; STREAM; INDEX; COMMUNITIES; ECOREGIONS; LANDSCAPE AB Probability-based survey designs are now being investigated to allow condition to be assessed for a discrete population of watershed management units and to infer probability of impairment to other unsampled watersheds. Results can be used to focus further monitoring and restoration efforts. Fish community data and index of biotic integrity (IBI) development were compared between the 1993 and 1998 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (EMAP-MAIA) survey and a West Virginia Regional EMAP (WV REMAP) survey conducted in 2001-2002. Both designs were based on probability surveys, but the EMAP design treated streams as a continuous linear network comprising an infinite population of points, while the REMAP design used a discrete set of watershed outlets as defined by 12-digit Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUC12) as the sample population. The comparability of the watershed-based WV REMAP survey design results with the linear network-based EMAP-MAIA survey results for West Virginia was affected by the different size range of watershed areas included in each target population. Once similar watershed area ranges were considered by narrowing the size range included in the West Virginia EMAP-MAIA data set, virtually identical cumulative distribution functions for fish IBI scores were obtained. The reduced variability in reference conditions obtained by applying a restricted range of watershed areas allowed us to detect and correct for ecoregional differences in fish IBI metrics and scores, after excluding the biogeographically distinct Potomac River drainage basin located in the Central Appalachian Ridge and Valley Ecoregion. C1 [Detenbeck, Naomi E.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cincotta, Daniel A.] Elkins Operat Ctr, W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Detenbeck, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 603 BP 279 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9278-3 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RI UT WOS:000254088900021 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Goff, F Jewett, DG Reller, GJ Bauman, JB AF Engle, Mark A. Goff, Fraser Jewett, David G. Reller, Gregory J. Bauman, Joel B. TI Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Ordinary Session of the African-Ministers-Council-on-Water (AMCOW) CY MAY, 2007 CL Brazzaville, CONGO SP African Minist Council Water DE groundwater flow; stable isotopes; water budget; USA; hydrochemistry ID CLEAR LAKE; WATERS; POLLUTION; GEYSERS; BORON AB Boron, chloride, sulfate, delta D, delta O-18, and H-3 concentrations in surface water and groundwater samples from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), California, USA were used to examine geochemical processes and provide constraints on evaporation and groundwater flow. SBMM is an abandoned sulfur and mercury mine with an underlying hydrothermal system, adjacent to Clear Lake, California. Results for non-H-3 tracers (i.e., boron, chloride, sulfate, delta D, and delta O-18) identify contributions from six water types at SBMM. Processes including evaporation, mixing, hydrothermal water input and possible isotopic exchange with hydrothermal gases are also discerned. Tritium data indicate that hydrothermal waters and other deep groundwaters are likely pre-bomb (before similar to 1952) in age while most other waters were recharged after similar to 1990. A boron-based steady-state reservoir model of the Herman Impoundment pit lake indicates that 71-79% of its input is from meteoric water with the remainder from hydrothermal contributions. Results for groundwater samples from six shallow wells over a 6-month period for delta D and delta O-18 suggests that water from Herman Impoundment is diluted another 3% to more than 40% by infiltrating meteoric water, as it leaves the site. Results for this investigation show that environmental tracers are an effective tool to understand the SBMM hydrogeologic regime. C1 [Jewett, David G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Goff, Fraser] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geol Geochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Engle, Mark A.; Reller, Gregory J.; Bauman, Joel B.] Tetra Tech EM Inc, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 559 EP 573 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 289CM UT WOS:000255032600012 ER PT J AU Grumbles, BH AF Grumbles, Benjamin H. TI WaterSense makes good sense SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grumbles, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM watersense@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 303MI UT WOS:000256044200004 ER PT J AU O'Connor, GT Neas, L Vaughn, B Kattan, M Mitchell, H Crain, EF Evans, R Gruchalla, R Morgan, W Stout, J Adams, GK Lippmann, M AF O'Connor, George T. Neas, Lucas Vaughn, Benjamin Kattan, Meyer Mitchell, Herman Crain, Ellen F. Evans, Richard, III Gruchalla, Rebecca Morgan, Wayne Stout, James Adams, G. Kenneth Lippmann, Morton TI Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen dioxide; ozone; sulfur dioxide; carbon monoxide; fine particle emissions; asthma in children ID PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; FINE PARTICLES; DAILY MORTALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; MEDICATION USE; MEXICO-CITY; URBAN AIR AB Background: Children with asthma in inner-city communities may be particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of air pollution because of their airways disease and exposure to relatively high levels of motor vehicle emissions. Objective: To investigate the association between fluctuations in outdoor air pollution and asthma morbidity among inner-city children with asthma. Methods: We analyzed data from 861 children with persistent asthma in 7 US urban communities who performed 2-week periods of twice-daily pulmonary function testing every 6 months for 2 years. Asthma symptom data were collected every 2 months. Daily pollution measurements were obtained from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System. The relationship of lung function and symptoms to fluctuations in pollutant concentrations was examined by using mixed models. Results: Almost all pollutant concentrations measured were below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In single-pollutant models, higher 5-day average concentrations of NO(2), sulfur dioxide, and particles smaller than 2.5 mu m were associated with significantly lower pulmonary function. Higher pollutant levels were independently associated with reduced lung function in a 3-pollutant model. Higher concentrations of NO(2) and particles smaller than 2.5 mu m were associated with asthma-related missed school days, and higher NO(2) concentrations were associated with asthma symptoms. Conclusion: Among inner-city children with asthma, short-term increases in air pollutant concentrations below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards were associated with adverse respiratory health effects. The associations with NO(2) suggest that motor vehicle emissions may be causing excess morbidity in this population. C1 [O'Connor, George T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Pulm, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Neas, Lucas; Mitchell, Herman] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vaughn, Benjamin] Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kattan, Meyer] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. [Crain, Ellen F.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat Emergency Med, Jacobi Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Evans, Richard, III] Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Gruchalla, Rebecca] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Gruchalla, Rebecca] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Morgan, Wayne] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Resp Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stout, James] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Adams, G. Kenneth] Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lippmann, Morton] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. RP O'Connor, GT (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Pulm, Dept Med, 715 Albany St,Room 304, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM goconnor@bu.edu RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; O'Connor, George/0000-0002-6476-3926 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00533]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39785, AI-39761, AI-39769, AI-39776, AI-39789, AI-39900, AI-39901, AI-39902] NR 44 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 23 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1139 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.020 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 302IJ UT WOS:000255961700009 PM 18405952 ER PT J AU Gergen, PJ Arbes, SJ Vaughn, B Zeldin, DC AF Gergen, Peter J. Arbes, Samuel J., Jr. Ben Vaughn Zeldin, Dorryl C. TI Self-reported, doctor-diagnosed "asthma" is not necessarily asthma: 78.9% of these "asthma" cases were atopic - Reply SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CHILDHOOD; DISEASE; ADULTS C1 [Gergen, Peter J.] NIAID, NIH, Div Allergy Immunol & Transplantat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Arbes, Samuel J., Jr.; Ben Vaughn] Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zeldin, Dorryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gergen, PJ (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Div Allergy Immunol & Transplantat, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zeldin@niebs.nih.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1292 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.022 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 302IJ UT WOS:000255961700035 ER PT J AU Barthold, JS Mccahan, SM Singh, AV Knudsen, TB Si, XL Campion, L Akins, RE AF Barthold, Julia S. Mccahan, Suzanne M. Singh, Amar V. Knudsen, Thomas B. Si, Xiaoli Campion, Liam Akins, Robert E. TI Altered expression of muscle- and cytoskeleton-related genes in a rat strain with inherited cryptorchidism SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gubernaculum; undescended testis; gene expression profiling; fetus ID FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; TESTICULAR DESCENT; UNDESCENDED TESTIS; GUBERNACULUM TESTIS; SKELETAL MYOGENESIS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; MICROARRAY DATA; REPORTER GENES; RHO GTPASES; IN-UTERO AB Development of the fetal gubernaculum is a prerequisite for testicular descent and dependent on insulin-like 3 and androgen, but knowledge of downstream effectors is limited. We analyzed transcript profiles in gubernaculum and testis to address changes occurring during normal and abnormal testicular descent in Long Evans wild-type (wt) and cryptorchid (orl) fetuses. Total RNA from male wt and orl gubernacula (gestational days [GD]18-20), wt female gubernacula (GD18), and testis (GD17 and 19) was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChips. Statistical analysis of temporal, gender, and strain-specific differences in gene expression was performed with the use of linear models analysis with empirical Bayes statistics and analysis of variance (gubernaculum) and linear analysis (testis). Overrepresented common gene ontology functional categories and pathways were identified in groups of differentially expressed genes with the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Transcript profiles were dynamic in wt males between GD18-19 and GD20, comparatively static in orl GD18-20 gubernaculum, and similar in wt and orl testis. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in wt and orl gubernaculum identified categories related to metabolism, cellular biogenesis, small GTPase-mediated signal transduction, cytoskeleton, muscle development, and insulin signaling. Genes involved in androgen receptor signaling, regulated by androgens, or both were overrepresented in differentially expressed gubernaculum and testis gene groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) confirmed differential expression of genes related to muscle development, including Myog, Tnnt2, Fst, Igf1, lgfbp5, 02, and Msx1. These data suggest that the orl mutation results in a primary gubernacular defect that affects muscle development and cytoskeletal function and might alter androgen-regulated pathways. C1 [Barthold, Julia S.; Mccahan, Suzanne M.; Si, Xiaoli; Campion, Liam; Akins, Robert E.] Alfred I DuPont Hosp Children, Div Urol, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. [Singh, Amar V.; Knudsen, Thomas B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Barthold, JS (reprint author), Alfred I DuPont Hosp Children, Div Urol, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. EM jbarthol@nemours.org RI Singh, Amar/K-4400-2013; OI Singh, Amar/0000-0003-3780-8233; Akins, Robert/0000-0001-9706-0752 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-020173-01, P20 RR020173] NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 352 EP 366 DI 10.2164/jandrol.107.003970 PG 15 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 293MN UT WOS:000255339500013 PM 18222913 ER PT J AU Carroll, A AF Carroll, Ann TI Brownfields: A local environmental health opportunity? SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Brownfields & Land Revitalizat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Carroll, A (reprint author), US EPA, Off Brownfields & Land Revitalizat, M C5105T 1200 Pen Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM carroll.ann@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 70 IS 9 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295JL UT WOS:000255470700008 PM 18517156 ER PT J AU Isaacs, K Glen, G Mccurdy, T Smith, L AF Isaacs, Kristin Glen, Graham Mccurdy, Thomas Smith, Luther TI Modeling energy expenditure and oxygen consumption in human exposure models: accounting for fatigue and EPOC SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure modeling; energy expenditure; oxygen deficit; METS; inhalation exposure; oxygen consumption ID MIDDLE-DISTANCE RUNNERS; UPTAKE KINETICS; O-2 DEFICIT; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; POPULATION EXPOSURE; ANAEROBIC CAPACITY; MODERATE INTENSITY; HEAVY EXERCISE; RECOVERY; TIME AB Human exposure and dose models often require a quanti. cation of oxygen consumption for a simulated individual. Oxygen consumption is dependent on the modeled individual's physical activity level as described in an activity diary. Activity level is quantified via standardized values of metabolic equivalents of work (METS) for the activity being performed and converted into activity-specific oxygen consumption estimates. However, oxygen consumption remains elevated after a moderate-or high-intensity activity is completed. This effect, which is termed excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), requires upward adjustment of the METS estimates that follow high-energy expenditure events, to model subsequent increased ventilation and intake dose rates. In addition, since an individual's capacity for work decreases during extended activity, methods are also required to adjust downward those METS estimates that exceed physiologically realistic limits over time. A unified method for simultaneously performing these adjustments is developed. The method simulates a cumulative oxygen deficit for each individual and uses it to impose appropriate time-dependent reductions in the METS time series and additions for EPOC. The relationships between the oxygen deficit and METS limits are nonlinear and are derived from published data on work capacity and oxygen consumption. These modi. cations result in improved modeling of ventilation patterns, and should improve intake dose estimates associated with exposure to airborne environmental contaminants. C1 [Isaacs, Kristin; Glen, Graham; Smith, Luther] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mccurdy, Thomas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Isaacs, K (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kisaacs@alionscience.com NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500594 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 289LX UT WOS:000255057100008 PM 17805234 ER PT J AU Glen, G Smith, L Isaacs, K Mccurdy, T Langstaff, J AF Glen, Graham Smith, Luther Isaacs, Kristin Mccurdy, Thomas Langstaff, John TI A new method of longitudinal diary assembly for human exposure modeling SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity diaries; exposure modeling; variance; diversity; autocorrelation ID VARIABILITY; POLLUTANTS; AGREEMENT; CHILDREN AB Human exposure time-series modeling requires longitudinal time-activity diaries to evaluate the sequence of concentrations encountered, and hence, pollutant exposure for the simulated individuals. However, most of the available data on human activities are from cross-sectional surveys that typically sample 1 day per person. A procedure is needed for combining cross-sectional activity data into multiple-day (longitudinal) sequences that can capture day-to-day variability in human exposures. Properly accounting for intra-and interindividual variability in these sequences can have a significant effect on exposure estimates and on the resulting health risk assessments. This paper describes a new method of developing such longitudinal sequences, based on ranking 1-day activity diaries with respect to a user-chosen key variable. Two statistics, "D'' and "A'', are targeted. The D statistic reflects the relative importance of within-and between-person variance with respect to the key variable. The A statistic quantifies the day-to-day (lag-one) autocorrelation. The user selects appropriate target values for both D and A. The new method then stochastically assembles longitudinal diaries that collectively meet these targets. On the basis of numerous simulations, the D and A targets are closely attained for exposure analysis periods 430 days in duration, and reasonably well for shorter simulation periods. Longitudinal diary data from a field study suggest that D and A are stable over time, and perhaps over cohorts as well. The new method can be used with any cohort definitions and diary pool assignments, making it easily adaptable to most exposure models. Implementation of the new method in its basic form is described, and various extensions beyond the basic form are discussed. C1 [Glen, Graham; Smith, Luther; Isaacs, Kristin] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mccurdy, Thomas] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Langstaff, John] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Glen, G (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol Inc, POB 12313, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gglen@alionscience.com NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 299 EP 311 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500595 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 289LX UT WOS:000255057100009 PM 17805233 ER PT J AU Guo, Z Sparks, LE Roache, NF AF Guo, Zhishi Sparks, Leslie E. Roache, Nancy F. TI Modeling small-scale spills of aqueous solutions in the indoor environment SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE model; spill; aqueous solution; indoor ID EMISSION SOURCE MODELS; EVAPORATION RATES; PREDICTION AB A mass transfer model is proposed to estimate the rates of chemical emissions from aqueous solutions spilled on hard surfaces inside buildings. The model is presented in two forms: a set of four ordinary differential equations and a simplified exact solution. The latter can be implemented in a spreadsheet. User input includes ten parameters, which represent either the properties of the source or those of the building. All of them can be readily obtained. The proposed model is tested against and in good agreement with the measurements of simulated spill events in a room-sized environmental chamber. This model can be used by emergency response planners to estimate the time history of contaminant concentrations in indoor air. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Zhishi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sparks, Leslie E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roache, Nancy F.] ARCADIS, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Guo, Z (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM guo.zhishi@epa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.074 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294PH UT WOS:000255417500055 PM 17913356 ER PT J AU Wetz, MS Paerl, HW AF Wetz, Michael S. Paerl, Hans W. TI Impact of large storm events with different meteorological characteristics on estuarine ciliate biomass SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENT BIOMASS; NORTH-CAROLINA; TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION; GROWTH-RATES; USA; ECOSYSTEM; MICROZOOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; RESPONSES AB Microzooplankton are important consumers of phytoplankton production in estuaries and are links to higher trophic levels. We examined the impact of several large storms varying in their meteorological characteristics on the distribution of ciliates, a key component of the microzooplankton community in North Carolina's Neuse R. Estuary (NRE). Ciliate biomass was largely unaffected by Tropical Storm ("TS") Helene, except for dissipation of a patch of elevated ciliate biomass at a frontal zone in the upper estuary. Following passage of Hurricane ("H") Isabel, mean ciliate biomass increased 2-fold, with the most dramatic increases occurring in the upstream region that was influenced by freshwater runoff. H Alex had minimal impact on ciliate biomass, but shortly after its passage, Tropical Depression Bonnie and TS Charley passed over the region with significant rainfall. Ten days after passage of those storms, ciliate biomass increased throughout the NRE, with the most dramatic increases again seen in the upper freshwater-influenced region of the estuary. Overall, these findings suggest that the response of estuarine ciliates to storm events is complex, although some coherent patterns were detected in terms of the overall biomass response. Given that storms represent important drivers of ecological processes in estuaries and that the US East and Gulf Coasts are in a period of elevated storm activity, further work is warranted to fully understand the impact of storms on trophic transfer in estuaries. C1 [Wetz, Michael S.; Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Wetz, Michael S.] US EPA, Environm Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wetz, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM wetz@email.unc.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 30 IS 5 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn020 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 305JF UT WOS:000256173700005 ER PT J AU Dalbey, M AF Dalbey, Matthew TI Implementing smart growth strategies in rural America: Development patterns that support public health goals SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE active living; development patterns; rural; smart growth AB Recent studies on obesity rates show alarming increases across the entire population. Some of these studies indicate higher rates of obesity in rural populations than urban and suburban populations. Obesity in children in rural places also outpaces their suburban and urban counterparts. Although a number of factors account for these differences, public health professionals and researchers have begun to recognize that conventional development patterns and land use policies in rural areas are playing an important role in the trend. Smart growth alternatives to current rural development patterns also support broad public health goals. Rural communities across America face a number of challenges, yet many are using smart growth development strategies to turn the challenges into opportunities, These strategies are structured in a way that builds on broadly held values in rural communities, ones that build upon the traditional development pattern and support multiple community goals. Public health professionals, managers, and academics will benefit from this discussion because it will explain the strategies that rural decision makers planners, and citizens are adopting to create places that support multiple community goals including a built environment that sustains and promotes active living. C1 [Dalbey, Matthew] US EPA, Dev Commun & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dalbey, M (reprint author), AICP, 1200 Penn Ave NW 1807T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM dalbey.matthew@epa.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 238 EP 243 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 290RQ UT WOS:000255140300007 PM 18408548 ER PT J AU Nelson, KM AF Nelson, Kevin M. TI Designing healthier communities through the input of children SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE assessment tools; children's health; land use planning; smart growth ID PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Recently, the rapid growth in rates of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension has become significant headline news. Most of the discussion about reversing these trends has focused on promoting more exercise and healthier diets. Although encouraging, this is not the entire solution. Communities must realize the health impacts of a built environment where mixing land uses is illegal, homes and schools are located far from one another, and an automobile is necessary to get anywhere. This pattern of development significantly affects environmental quality and human health, especially for kids who must be driven everywhere. Including smart growth principles in local and regional land use decisions could help create communities that offer more opportunities for active living. This article explores student-led projects that developed new tools to assess the impacts of the built environment, and evaluates how effective these tools are in spurring collaboration among students, urban planners, and public healthcare practitioners. Specifically, this article provides researchers and practitioners in the public health field with information about student-based health assessment tools and their application: With this knowledge, researchers and practitioners would be better equipped to identify and capitalize on opportunities for smart growth and collaboration among public health advocates. The result would be healthier communities, a more informed populace, and the realization that how we plan our communities has a profound impact on how we manage our public health. C1 US EPA, Dev Commun & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nelson, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Dev Commun & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Nelson.Kevin@epamail.epa.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 290RQ UT WOS:000255140300010 PM 18408551 ER PT J AU Greenwell, DJ Menetrez, MY AF Greenwell, Dale J. Menetrez, Marc Y. TI Comparing moisture meter readings with measured equilibrium moisture content of gypsum board SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE gypsum wallboard; moisture meter; moisture content; water activity; remediation; mold ID BUILDING-MATERIALS; GROWTH AB Moisture meters routinely used in the field to determine the moisture content in gypsum wallboard are primarily designed and manufactured to measure the moisture content of wood. Often they are used to decide whether to replace wallboard by determining if moisture is qualitatively higher or lower than another location. Because the moisture meter is so widely used, it is necessary to establish methods to ensure their usefulness and dependability as an aid in wallboard moisture detection and remediation. A method was developed to create a series of gypsum wallboard moisture content reference standards by exposing wallboard sample sections to static moisture content levels. Gravimetric analysis revealed good accuracy and precision of the reference standards to their theoretical values. A moisture meter was then compared against these reference standards to determine the meter's accuracy and precision. C1 [Greenwell, Dale J.; Menetrez, Marc Y.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Indoor Environm Management Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Greenwell, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Indoor Environm Management Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 222 EP 229 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 316KO UT WOS:000256948600002 ER PT J AU Weitz, M Coburn, JB Salinas, E AF Weitz, Melissa Coburn, Jeffrey B. Salinas, Edgar TI Estimating national landfill methane emissions: An application of the 2006 intergovernmental panel on climate change waste model in Panama SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This paper estimates national methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites in Panama over the time period 1990-2020 using both the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Waste Model spreadsheet and the default emissions estimate approach presented in the 1996 IPCC Good Practice Guidelines. The IPCC Waste Model has the ability to calculate emissions from a variety of solid waste disposal site types, taking into account country- or region-specific waste composition and climate information, and can be used with a limited amount of data. Countries with detailed data can also run the model with country-specific values. The paper discusses methane emissions from solid waste disposal; explains the differences between the two methodologies in terms of data needs, assumptions, and results; describes solid waste disposal circumstances in Panama; and presents the results of this analysis. It also demonstrates the Waste Model's ability to incorporate landfill gas recovery data and to make projections. The former default method methane emissions estimates are 25 Gg in 1994, and range from 23.1 Gg in 1990 to a projected 37.5 Gg in 2020. The Waste Model estimates are 26.7 Gg in 1994, ranging from 24.6 Gg in 1990 to 41.6 Gg in 2020. Emissions estimates for Panama produced by the new model were, on average, 8% higher than estimates produced by the former default methodology. The increased estimate can be attributed to the inclusion of all solid waste disposal in Panama (as opposed to only disposal in managed landfills), but the increase was offset somewhat by the different default factors and regional waste values between the 1996 and 2006 IPCC guidelines, and the use of the first-order decay model with a time delay for waste degradation in the IPCC Waste Model. C1 [Weitz, Melissa] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Coburn, Jeffrey B.] Res Triangle Inst Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Salinas, Edgar] Autoridad Nacl Ambiente, Panama City, Panama. RP Weitz, M (reprint author), US EPA, 6207-J,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM weitz.melissa@epa.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 636 EP 640 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.5.636 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300EN UT WOS:000255807200006 PM 18512440 ER PT J AU Wilson, JH Mullen, MA Bollman, AD Thesing, KB Salhotra, M Divita, F Neumann, JE Price, JC DeMocker, J AF Wilson, James H., Jr. Mullen, Maureen A. Bollman, Andrew D. Thesing, Kirstin B. Salhotra, Manish Divita, Frank, Jr. Neumann, James E. Price, Jason C. DeMocker, James TI Emission projections for the US environmental protection agency section 812 second prospective Clean Air Act Cost/benefit analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Section 812 of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to perform periodic, comprehensive analyses of the total costs and total benefits of programs implemented pursuant to the CAAA. The first prospective analysis was completed in 1999. The second prospective analysis was initiated during 2005. The first step in the second prospective analysis was the development of base and projection year emission estimates that will be used to generate benefit estimates of CAAA programs. This paper describes the analysis, methods, and results of the recently completed emission projections. There are several unique features of this analysis. One is the use of consistent economic assumptions from the Department of Energy's Annual Energy Outlook 2005 (AEO 2005) projections as the basis for estimating 2010 and 2020 emissions for all sectors. Another is the analysis of the different emissions paths for both with and without CAAA scenarios. Other features of this analysis include being the first EPA analysis that uses the 2002 National Emission Inventory files as the basis for making 48-state emission projections, incorporating control factor files from the Regional Planning Organizations (RPOs) that had completed emission projections at the time the analysis was performed, and modeling the emission benefits of the expected adoption of measures to meet the 8-hr ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), the Clean Air Visibility Rule, and the PM2.5 NAAQS. This analysis shows that the 1990 CAAA have produced significant reductions in criteria pollutant emissions since 1990 and that these emission reductions are expected to continue through 2020. CAAA provisions have reduced volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by approximately 7 million t/yr by 2000, and are estimated to produce associated VOC emission reductions of 16.7 million t by 2020. Total oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission reductions attributable to the CAAA are 5, 12, and 17 million t in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission benefits during the study period are dominated by electricity-generating unit (EGU) SO2 emission reductions. These EGU emission benefits go from 7.5 million t reduced in 2000 to 15 million t reduced in 2020. C1 [Wilson, James H., Jr.; Mullen, Maureen A.; Bollman, Andrew D.; Thesing, Kirstin B.; Salhotra, Manish; Divita, Frank, Jr.] EH Pechan & Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Neumann, James E.; Price, Jason C.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [DeMocker, James] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wilson, JH (reprint author), EH Pechan & Associates Inc, 5528-B Hempstead Way, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM jim.wilson@pechan.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 657 EP 672 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.5.657 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300EN UT WOS:000255807200009 PM 18512443 ER PT J AU Luecken, DJ Cirnorell, AJ AF Luecken, Deborah J. Cirnorell, Alan J. TI Codependencies of reactive air toxic and criteria pollutants on emission reductions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB It is important to understand the effects of emission controls on concentrations of ozone, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) simultaneously, to evaluate the full range of health, ecosystem, and economic effects. Until recently, the capability to simultaneously evaluate interrelated atmospheric pollutants ("one atmosphere" analysis) was unavailable to air quality managers. In this work, we use an air quality model to examine the potential effect of three emission reductions on concentrations of ozone, PM2.5, and four important HAPs (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and benzene) over a domain centered on Philadelphia for 12-day episodes in July and January 2001. Although NOx controls are predicted to benefit PM2.5 concentrations and sometimes benefit ozone, they have only a small effect on formaldehyde, slightly increase acetaldehyde and acrolein, and have no effect on benzene in the July episode. Concentrations of all pollutants except benzene increase slightly with NOx controls in the January simulation. Volatile organic compound controls alone are found to have a small effect on ozone and PM2.5, a less than linear effect on decreasing aldehydes, and an approximately linear effect on acrolein and benzene in summer, but a slightly larger than linear effect on aldehydes and acrolein in winter. These simulations indicate the difficulty in assessing how toxic air pollutants might respond to emission reductions aimed at decreasing criteria pollutants such as ozone and PM2.5. C1 [Luecken, Deborah J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cirnorell, Alan J.] US EPA, Air Protect Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atmospher Modeling Div, MD E243-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM luecken.deborah@epa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.5.693 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300EN UT WOS:000255807200012 PM 18512446 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Rice, EW Adcock, NJ AF Sivaganesan, M. Rice, E. W. Adcock, N. J. TI The effect of chlorine demand on estimation of the inactivation rate constant SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE chlorine; first-order decay; rate constant; second-order decay; simultaneous modelling ID MICROBIAL INACTIVATION; KINETICS; MODEL AB Ct (disinfectant concentration multiplied by exposure time) values for chlorine are used by the US EPA to evaluate the efficacy of disinfection of microorganisms under various drinking water treatment conditions. These Ct values are generally derived from laboratory studies in which chlorine decay is characterized by a first order decay model. The concentration of chlorine is often only measured at the initial and final exposure times. In this study, using bacterial spore inactivation data where residual chlorine was measured at least twice in between initial and final exposure times, chlorine decay models were evaluated to determine the effect on Ct calculations. Traditionally Ct is treated as a constant in estimating the rate constant of the simple Chick-Watson inactivation kinetics model. As Ct is estimated it is subject to estimation error. To account for this error, the parameters of the chlorine decay and the inactivation models were estimated simultaneously. C1 [Sivaganesan, M.; Rice, E. W.; Adcock, N. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sivaganesan.mano@epa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD MAY PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.2166/aqua.2008.037 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 297DL UT WOS:000255597200004 ER PT J AU Zhu, SQ King, SC Haasch, ML AF Zhu, Shiqian King, Susan Codi Haasch, Mary L. TI Biomarker induction in tropical fish species on the Northwest Shelf of Australia by produced formation water SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CYP1A; CYP2K1; CYP2M1; produced formation water; tropical fish; Australia; biomarkers ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; PERFLUORODECANOIC ACID; PRODUCTION PLATFORM; CYTOCHROMES P450; ACUTE TOXICITY; OIL-SPILL; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE AB Normal operation of oil well platforms results in the discharge of produced formation water (PFW). The expression of CYP1A, CYP2M1- and 2K1-like proteins was examined for use as possible biomarkers of PFW exposure. A pilot study on the Northwest Shelf of Australia had indicated that PFW contamination possibly contributes to induction of CYP1A-like proteins in Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus). The pilot study samples were re-examined for CYP1A, and, in addition, CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins. In a subsequent caged fish study in the same location a second species, Stripey seaperch (Lutjanus carponotatus), caught at a clean site, were distributed to three caging sites in a PFW gradient from the Harriet A production platform: A (near-field), B (far-field) and C (a non-impacted reference site). Fish were sampled at time (T) T = 0, T = 3 and T = 10 days. Significant increases of CYP1A, one CYP2K1- and two CYP2M1-like proteins were noted at Site A at T = 10 d. For another CYP2K1-like protein, a significant increase was observed at Site A only at T = 3 d. These results support a previous study indicating that CYP1A protein is sensitive to PFW exposure. Importantly, statistically significant environmental induction of both CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins in tropical fish due to PFW exposure had not previously been described and induction of enzymes in the CYP2 family suggest new biomarkers for PFW. In addition, the novel response of one CYP2K-like protein requires further verification, but offers promise for improved monitoring of sub-lethal responses in marine organisms. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Shiqian; Haasch, Mary L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Environm Toxicol Res Program,Pharmacol Dept, University, MS 38677 USA. [King, Susan Codi] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Haasch, ML (reprint author), US EPA, MED NRC Res Associate, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Haasch.Mary@epa.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.11.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 285OJ UT WOS:000254785800003 PM 18187187 ER PT J AU Li, Z Lee, K King, T Boufadel, MC Venosa, AD AF Li, Zhengkai Lee, Kenneth King, Thomas Boufadel, Michel C. Venosa, Albert D. TI Assessment of chemical dispersant effectiveness in a wave tank under regular non-breaking and breaking wave conditions SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE oil spill; droplet size distribution; energy dissipation rate; breaking waves; dispersants ID OIL; TURBULENCE; SIZE; DISSIPATION; INSTRUMENT; ENERGY AB Current chemical dispersant effectiveness tests for product selection are commonly performed with bench-scale testing apparatus. However, for the assessment of oil dispersant effectiveness under real sea state conditions, test protocols are required to have hydrodynamic conditions closer to the natural environment, including transport and dilution effects. To achieve this goal, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designed and constructed a wave tank system to study chemical dispersant effectiveness under controlled mixing energy conditions (regular non-breaking, spilling breaking, and plunging breaking waves). Quantification of oil dispersant effectiveness was based on observed changes in dispersed oil concentrations and oil-droplet size distribution. The study results quantitatively demonstrated that total dispersed oil concentration and breakup kinetics of oil droplets in the water column were strongly dependent on the presence of chemical dispersants and the influence of breaking waves. These data on the effectiveness of dispersants as a function of sea state will have significant implications in the drafting of future operational guidelines for dispersant use at sea. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhengkai; Lee, Kenneth; King, Thomas] Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Venosa, Albert D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans DFO Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, 1 Challenger Dr,POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM liz@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 903 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.031 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 313AM UT WOS:000256713500021 PM 18325540 ER PT J AU Turner, MJ Grindstaff, E Courtney, SM El Masri, A Kleeberger, SR Lightfoot, JT AF Turner, Michael J. Grindstaff, Elizabeth Courtney, Sean M. El Masri, Ala'a Kleeberger, Steven R. Lightfoot, J. Timothy TI Relationship of Body Weight and Physical Activity with Aging Inbred Mice and First Generation Offspring SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Turner, Michael J.; Grindstaff, Elizabeth; Courtney, Sean M.; El Masri, Ala'a; Lightfoot, J. Timothy] UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA. [Kleeberger, Steven R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S326 EP S326 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000323305.86752.67 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902630 ER PT J AU Waits, ER Stolz, U AF Waits, Eric R. Stolz, Uwe TI Polymorphic microsatellite loci from northern and Mexican corn rootworms (Insecta : Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) and cross-amplification with other Diabrotica spp. SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; Mexican corn rootworm; microsatellites; northern corn rootworm ID GEOGRAPHICAL POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL; WESTERN; DNA AB The northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) and Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae) are significant agricultural pests. For the northern corn rootworm, and to a lesser extent, the Mexican corn rootworm, high resolution molecular markers are needed. Here we present 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from libraries constructed using pooled northern and Mexican corn rootworm genomic DNA. Polymorphism in other Diabrotica, including the banded cucumber beetle, southern corn rootworm and western corn rootworm, is described. C1 [Waits, Eric R.; Stolz, Uwe] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Waits, ER (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM waits.eric@epa.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 707 EP 709 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02056.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 285XU UT WOS:000254810300055 PM 21585878 ER PT J AU Yu, LD Saile, K Swartz, CD He, H Zheng, XL Kissling, GE Di, XD Lucas, S Robboy, SJ Dixon, D AF Yu, Linda Saile, Katrin Swartz, Carol D. He, Hong Zheng, Xiaolin Kissling, Grace E. Di, Xudong Lucas, Shantelle Robboy, Stanley J. Dixon, Darlene TI Differential expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and IGF-I pathway activation in human uterine leiomyomas SO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; INSULIN-LIKE; HUMAN MYOMETRIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; TUMOR-GROWTH; CELL-PROLIFERATION; BINDING; FIBROIDS; MYOMAS; CANCER AB Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign tumors that are prevalent in women of reproductive age. Research suggests that activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in the enhanced proliferation observed in fibroids. In this study, a phospho-RTK array technique was used to detect RTK activity in lelomyomas compared with myometrial tissue. We found that fifteen out of seventeen RTKs evaluated in this study were highly expressed (P < 0.02-0.03) in the leiomyomas, and included the IGF-I/IGF-IR, EGF/EGFR, FGF/FGF-R, HGF/HGF-R, and PDGF/PDGF-R gene families. Due to the higher protein levels of IGF-IR observed in leiomyomas by us in earlier studies, we decided to focus on the activation of the IGF-IR, its downstream effectors, and MAPKp44/42 to confirm our earlier findings: and validate the significance of the increased IGF-IR phosphorylation observed by RTK array analysis in this study. We used immunolocalization, western blot, or immunoprecipitation studies and confirmed that lelomyomas overexpressed IGF-IR beta and phosphorylated IGF-IR beta. Additionally, we showed that the downstream effectors, Shc, Grb2, and MAPKp44/42 (P<0.02-0.001) were also overexpressed and involved in IGF-IR signaling in these tumors, while IRS-I, PI3K, and AKT were not. In vitro studies showed that IGF-I (100 ng/mL) increased the proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells (UtLM) (P < 0.0001), and that phosphorylated IGF-IR beta, Shc, and MAPKp44/42 were also overexpressed in IGF-I-treated UtLM cells (P < 0.05), similar to the tissue findings. A neutralizing antibody against the IGF-IR beta blocked these effects. These data indicate that overexpression of RTKs and, in particular, activation of the IGF-IR signaling pathway through Shc/Grb2/MAPK are important in mediating uterine leiomyoma growth. These data may provide new anti-tumor targets for noninvasive treatment of fibroids. C1 [Yu, Linda; Saile, Katrin; He, Hong; Zheng, Xiaolin; Di, Xudong; Lucas, Shantelle; Dixon, Darlene] NIEHS, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kissling, Grace E.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Swartz, Carol D.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Robboy, Stanley J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Robboy, Stanley J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Dixon, D (reprint author), NIEHS, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MDC2-09111 Alexander Dr,Bldg 101 Rm C25, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dixon@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 48 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU FEINSTEIN INST MED RES PI MANHASSET PA 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1076-1551 J9 MOL MED JI Mol. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5-6 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.2119/2007-00101.Yu PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 298WA UT WOS:000255716600005 PM 18231572 ER PT J AU Bauer, B Hartz, AMS Pekcec, A Toellner, K Miller, DS Potschka, H AF Bauer, Bjoern Hartz, Anika M. S. Pekcec, Anton Toellner, Kathrin Miller, David S. Potschka, Heidrun TI Seizure-induced up-regulation of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier through glutamate and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MICROVESSEL ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VIVO ACTIVATION; RAT-BRAIN; INCREASED EXPRESSION; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; PILOCARPINE MODEL; DRUG-RESISTANCE; NMDA RECEPTOR AB Increased expression of drug efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier accompanies epileptic seizures and complicates therapy with antiepileptic drugs. This study is concerned with identifying mechanistic links that connect seizure activity to increased P-glycoprotein expression at the blood-brain barrier. In this regard, we tested the hypothesis that seizures increase brain extracellular glutamate, which signals through an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain capillaries to increase blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein expression. Consistent with this hypothesis, exposing isolated rat or mouse brain capillaries to glutamate for 15 to 30 min increased P-glycoprotein expression and transport activity hours later. These increases were blocked by 5H-dibenzo[a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine (dizocilpine maleate) (MK-801), an NMDA receptor antagonist, and by celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor; no such glutamate-induced increases were seen in brain capillaries from COX-2-null mice. In rats, intracerebral microinjection of glutamate caused locally increased P-glycoprotein expression in brain capillaries. Moreover, using a pilocarpine status epilepticus rat model, we observed seizure-induced increases in capillary P-glycoprotein expression that were attenuated by administration of indomethacin, a COX inhibitor. Our findings suggest that brain uptake of some antiepileptic drugs can be enhanced through COX-2 inhibition. Moreover, they provide insight into one mechanism that underlies drug resistance in epilepsy and possibly other central nervous system disorders. C1 [Pekcec, Anton; Potschka, Heidrun] Univ Munich, Inst Pharmacol Toxicol & Pharm, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Bauer, Bjoern; Hartz, Anika M. S.; Miller, David S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bauer, Bjoern] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Hartz, Anika M. S.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Toellner, Kathrin] Univ Vet Med, Inst Pharmacol Toxicol & Pharm, Hannover, Germany. RP Potschka, H (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Pharmacol Toxicol & Pharm, Koeniginstr 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany. EM potschka@pharmtox.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de OI Potschka, Heidrun/0000-0003-1506-0252; Gualtieri, Fabio/0000-0002-4972-0039 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1444 EP 1453 DI 10.1124/mol.107.041210 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 288VP UT WOS:000255014200014 PM 18094072 ER PT J AU Martin, R O'Shea, J Birnbaum, LS Luebke, R AF Martin, Roland O'Shea, John Birnbaum, Linda S. Luebke, Robert TI Striking the balance in multiple sclerosis SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Martin, Roland] Univ Hamburg, Med Ctr, Inst Neuroimmunol & Clin Multiple Sclerosis Res, Eppendorf, Germany. [O'Shea, John] Natl Inst Arthritis & Musculoskeletal & Skin Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Martin, R (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Med Ctr, Inst Neuroimmunol & Clin Multiple Sclerosis Res, Eppendorf, Germany. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 491 EP 491 DI 10.1038/nm0508-491 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 298IQ UT WOS:000255681800016 PM 18463656 ER PT J AU Radio, NM Mundy, WR AF Radio, Nicholas M. Mundy, William R. TI Developmental neurotoxicity testing in vitro: Models for assessing chemical effects on neurite outgrowth SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cell culture; in vitro models; developmental neurotoxicity; neurite outgrowth; chemical screening ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; RAT SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; NEURAL STEM-CELLS; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-2; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IMAGES; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PC12 CELLS; RETINOIC ACID; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS AB In vitro models may be useful for the rapid toxicological screening of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to produce toxicity. Such screening could facilitate prioritization of resources needed for in vivo toxicity testing towards those chemicals most likely to result in adverse health effects. Cell cultures derived from nervous system tissue have proven to be powerful tools for elucidating cellular and molecular mechanisms of nervous system development and function, and have been used to understand the mechanism of action of neurotoxic chemicals. Recently, it has been suggested that in vitro models could be used to screen for chemical effects on critical cellular events of neurodevelopment, including differentiation and neurite growth. This review examines the use of neuronal cell cultures as an in vitro model of neurite outgrowth. Examples of the cell culture systems that are commonly used to examine the effects of chemicals on neurite outgrowth are provided, along with a description of the methods used to quantify this neurodevelopmental process in vitro. Issues relating to the relevance of the methods and models currently used to assess neurite outgrowth are discussed in the context of hazard identification and chemical screening. To demonstrate the utility of in vitro models of neurite outgrowth for the evaluation of large numbers of chemicals, efforts should be made to: (1) develop a set of reference chemicals that can be used as positive and negative controls for comparing neurite outgrowth between model systems, (2) focus on cell cultures of human origin, with emphasis on the emerging area of neural progenitor cells, and (3) use high-throughput methods to quantify endpoints of neurite outgrowth. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Radio, Nicholas M.; Mundy, William R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov NR 213 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 361 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.02.011 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 317MV UT WOS:000257025200002 PM 18403021 ER PT J AU MohanKumar, SMJ Campbell, A Block, M Veronesi, B AF MohanKumar, Sheba M. J. Campbell, Arezoo Block, Michelle Veronesi, Bellina TI Particulate matter, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc DE particulate matter; oxidative stress; innate immunity; neurotoxicity; Mac-1; HPA axis ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION; CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; ENRICHMENT SYSTEM VACES; SIMULTANEOUS IN-VIVO; AIR-POLLUTION; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA-INDUCED CHANGES AB Particulate matter (PM), a component of air pollution has been epidemiologically associated with sudden deaths, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. The effects are more pronounced in patients with pre-existing conditions such as asthma, diabetes or obstructive pulmonary disorders. Clinical and experimental studies have historically focused on the cardiopulmonary effects of PM. However, since PM particles carry numerous biocontaminants that are capable of triggering free radical production and cytokine release, the possibility that PM may affect organs systems sensitive to oxidative stress must be considered. Four independent studies that summarize the neurochemical and neuropathological changes found in the brains of PM exposed animals are described here. These were recently presented at two 2007 symposia sponsored by the Society of Toxicology (Charlotte, NC) and the International Neurotoxicology Association (Monterey, CA). (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Veronesi, Bellina] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [MohanKumar, Sheba M. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Campbell, Arezoo] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pomona, CA USA. [Block, Michelle] Virginia Commonwealth Univ Med Campus, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Richmond, VA USA. RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM mohankumrs@cvm.msu.edu; acampbell@westemu.edu; MBlock@vcu.edu; veronesi.bellina@epa.gov OI MohanKumar, Sheba/0000-0002-3365-7864 FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG027697-02, R01 AG027697] NR 82 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.12.004 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 317MV UT WOS:000257025200017 PM 18289684 ER PT J AU Li, AA Baum, MJ McIntosh, LJ Day, M Liu, F Gray, LE AF Li, Abby A. Baum, Michael J. McIntosh, Laura J. Day, Mark Liu, Feng Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Building a scientific framework for studying hormonal effects on behavior and on the development of the sexually dimorphic nervous system SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc DE rat; ferret; animal model; developmental toxicology; developmental neurotoxicology; endocrine disruptor; hormone; hormone therapy; methoxychlor; estrogens; androgens; behavior; sexually dimorphic; two-generation reproduction study; brain; sexual differentiation; estrogen receptor beta agonist; estrogen receptor alpha agonist; cognition; hippocampus; synaptic plasticity; ovareictomized; sexual orientation; gender identity; neuroprotection ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; BISPHENOL-A AFFECTS; DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; AREA ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA; PARTNER PREFERENCE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RATS; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT AB There has been increasing concern that low-dose exposure to hormonally active chemicals disrupts sexual differentiation of the brain and peripheral nervous system. There also has been active drug development research on the therapeutic potential of hormone therapy on behaviors. These different research goals have in common the need to develop reliable animal models to study the effect of hormones on brain function and behaviors that are predictive of effects in humans. This paper summarizes presentations given at the June 2007 11th International Neurotoxicology Association (INA-11) meeting, which addressed these issues. Using a few examples from the bisphenol A neurobehavioral literature for illustrative purposes, Dr. Abby Li discussed some of the methodological issues that should be considered in designing developmental neurobehavioral animal studies so they can be useful for human health risk assessment. Dr. Earl Gray provided an overview of research on the role of androgens and estrogens in the development of the brain and peripheral nervous system and behavior. Based on this scientific foundation, Dr. Gray proposed a rational framework for the study of the effects of developmental exposures to chemicals on the organization of the sexually dimorphic nervous system, including specific recommendations for experimental design and statistical analyses that can increase the utility of the research for regulatory decision-making. Dr. Michael Baum and by Dr. Feng Liu presented basic research on the hormonal mechanisms underlying sexual preference and estrogenic effects of cognition, respectively. These behaviors are among those studied in adult animals following in utero exposure to hormonally active chemicals, to evaluate their potential effects on sexual differentiation of the brain. Understanding of the hormonal mechanisms of these behaviors, and of relevance to humans, is needed to develop biologically plausible hypotheses regarding the potential effects of hormonally active chemicals in humans. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Baum, Michael J.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [McIntosh, Laura J.] Exponent Hlth Sci, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Day, Mark] Wyeth Res Translat Med, Collegeville, PA USA. [Liu, Feng] Wyeth Res Discovery Neurosci, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Li, AA (reprint author), 1010 14th St, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. EM abbyli@exponent.com FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 044897, HD 21094] NR 130 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 504 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.02.015 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 317MV UT WOS:000257025200019 PM 18502513 ER PT J AU Peterson, RT Nass, R Boyd, WA Freedman, JH Dong, K Narahashi, T AF Peterson, Randall T. Nass, Richard Boyd, Windy A. Freedman, Jonathan H. Dong, Ke Narahashi, Toshio TI Use of non-mammalian alternative models for neurotoxicological study SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc DE C. elegans; Parkinson's; zebrafish; neurotoxicological studies; insects; insecticides ID GATED CHLORIDE CHANNELS; RESISTANT SODIUM-CHANNELS; ROOT GANGLION NEURONS; HUMAN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; COCKROACH NEURONS; XENOPUS OOCYTES; C-ELEGANS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES AB The field of neurotoxicology needs to satisfy two opposing demands: the testing of a growing list of chemicals, and resource limitations and ethical concerns associated with testing using traditional mammalian species. National and international government agencies have defined a need to reduce, refine or replace mammalian species in toxicological testing with alternative testing methods and mammalian models. Toxicological assays using alternative animal models may relieve some of this pressure by allowing testing of more compounds while reducing expense and using fewer mammals. Recent advances in genetic technologies and, the strong conservation between human and non-mammalian genomes allow for the dissection of the molecular pathways involved in neurotoxicological responses and neurological diseases using genetically tractable organisms. In this review, applications of four non-mammalian species, zebrafish, cockroach, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans, in the investigation of neurotoxicology and neurological diseases are presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, Randall T.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nass, Richard] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Hlth, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Boyd, Windy A.; Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Boyd, Windy A.; Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dong, Ke] Michigan State Univ, Pesticide Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Narahashi, Toshio] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Narahashi, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM narahashi@northwestern.edu OI Boyd, Windy/0000-0003-3803-3716 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS014143-27] NR 99 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 546 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.04.006 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 317MV UT WOS:000257025200022 PM 18538410 ER PT J AU Oshiro, WM Krantz, QT Bushnell, PJ AF Oshiro, Wendy M. Krantz, Q. Todd Bushnell, Philip J. TI Characterization of the effects of inhaled perchloroethylene on sustained attention in rats performing a visual signal detection task SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attention; organic solvent; rat; signal detection; tolerance; perchloroethylene; tetrachloroethylene ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE TCE; REPEATED INHALATION; DETECTION BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; TOLERANCE; TOLUENE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; NEUROTOXICITY AB The aliphatic hydrocarbon perchloroethylene (PCE) has been associated with neurobehavioral dysfunction including reduced attention in humans. The current study sought to assess the effects of inhaled PCE on sustained attention in rats performing a visual signal detection task (SDT). Due to its similarities in physiological effect to toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE), two other commonly used volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to reduce attention in rats, we hypothesized (1) that acute inhalation of PCE (0, 500, 1000, 1500 ppm) would disrupt performance of the SDT in rats; (2) that impaired accuracy would result from changes in attention to the visual signal; and (3) that these acute effects would diminish upon repetition of exposure. PCE impaired performance of the sustained attention task as evidenced by reduced accuracy [P(correct): 500 to 1500 ppm], elevated response time [RT: 1000 and 1500 ppm] and reduced number of trials completed [1500 ppm]. These effects were concentration-related and either increased (RT and trial completions) or remained constant [P(correct)] across the 60-min test session. The PCE-induced reduction in accuracy was primarily due to an increase in false alarms, a pattern consistent with reduced attention to the signal. A repeat of the exposures resulted in smaller effects on these performance measures. Thus, like toluene and TCE, inhaled PCE acutely impaired sustained attention in rats, and its potency weakened upon repetition of the exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oshiro, Wendy M.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Oshiro, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM oshiro.wendy@epa.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.01.002 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100003 PM 18299185 ER PT J AU Jarema, KA Poling, A MacPhail, RC AF Jarema, K. A. Poling, A. MacPhail, R. C. TI Effects of weekly exposure to anatoxin-a and nicotine on operant performance of rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anatoxin-a; cyanobacteria; nicotine; operant behavior; rat; reinforcement ID PHARMACOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; AGONIST; CYANOBACTERIA; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; TOXIN AB This study examined the effects of acute and weekly administration of anatoxin-a and nicotine on operant performance. Anatoxin-a is a potent nicotinic receptor agonist produced by cyanobacteria, which are found in fresh waters throughout the world. Anatoxin-a is a potential human health hazard and has been responsible for numerous deaths of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals. Remarkably little is known, however, about the effects of anatoxin-a on behavior. Nicotine, the psychomotor stimulant in tobacco, has many well-documented behavioral effects, which often diminish (i.e. tolerance develops) when it is given daily. Male Long Evans rats initially were trained to respond under a multiple variable-ratio 30-response variable-interval 60-s (mult VR-30 VI 60-s) schedule of food reinforcement. They were then divided into 12 groups of 8 that received four weekly subcutaneous injections of anatoxin-a (0.05-0.2 mg/kg), nicotine (0.125-1.8 mg/kg), or vehicle 5-min prior to testing. When initially administered, each compound decreased response rates and reinforcement rates in both components of the multiple schedule. Substantial tolerance developed to the disruptive effects of nicotine with weekly administration. Tolerance also developed to the effects of anatoxin-a, although to a lesser degree; the highest dose severely decreased performance with little evidence of recovery. In conjunction with prior findings, these results suggest the behavioral effects of anatoxin-a and nicotine are similar, but not identical, and that relatively infrequent (episodic) administration can produce tolerance. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jarema, K. A.; MacPhail, R. C.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Poling, A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Jarema, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 TWAlexander Dr B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jarema.kimberly@epa.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.02.001 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100009 PM 18387783 ER PT J AU Sharlin, D Tighe, D Gilbert, M Zoeller, RT AF Sharlin, David Tighe, Daniel Gilbert, Mary Zoeller, R. Thomas TI The balance between oligodendrocyte and astrocyte production in major white matter tracts is linearly related to serum total thyroxine SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc C1 [Sharlin, David; Tighe, Daniel] NIDDK, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sharlin, David; Zoeller, R. Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gilbert, Mary] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Div Neurotoxicol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS6 BP 244 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.009 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100017 ER PT J AU Zoeller, R Bansal, R Tighe, D Sharlin, D Gilbert, M Fisher, J Blount, B AF Zoeller, Robert Bansal, Ruby Tighe, Daniel Sharlin, David Gilbert, Mary Fisher, Jeffrey Blount, Benjamin TI Thyroid disruption and brain development: Does serum T4 tell the story? SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc C1 [Zoeller, Robert; Bansal, Ruby; Tighe, Daniel; Sharlin, David] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gilbert, Mary] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fisher, Jeffrey] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS5 BP 244 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.008 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100016 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Sui, L AF Gilbert, M. E. Sui, Li TI Developmental exposure to perchlorate alters synaptic transmission in hippocampus of the adult rat in vivo SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS19 BP 248 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.022 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100030 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M Parker, J Royland, J AF Gilbert, Mary Parker, Joel Royland, Joyce TI A genomic analysis of subclinical hypothyroidism in hippocampus and neocortex of the developing brain SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gilbert, Mary; Royland, Joyce] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS18 BP 248 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.021 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100029 ER PT J AU Zoeller, R Bansal, R Giera, S Ortiz, T Tighe, D Sharlin, D Gilbert, M AF Zoeller, Robert Bansal, Ruby Giera, Stefanie Ortiz, Theresa Tighe, Daniel Sharlin, David Gilbert, Mary TI Thyroid disruption and brain development: What is it that we don't know? SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc C1 [Zoeller, Robert; Bansal, Ruby; Giera, Stefanie; Ortiz, Theresa; Tighe, Daniel; Sharlin, David] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Tighe, Daniel] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sharlin, David] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gilbert, Mary] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS17 BP 248 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.020 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100028 ER PT J AU Acuff, K Broening, B Crofton, K Fix, A Julien, E Nash, J Richard, A Tozer, S Yang, C AF Acuff, Karen Broening, Bill Crofton, Kevin Fix, Andrew Julien, Elizabeth Nash, Jay Richard, Ann Tozer, Sarah Yang, Chihae TI Conversion of Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) information into a structure-searchable relational database SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc C1 [Acuff, Karen; Broening, Bill; Fix, Andrew; Nash, Jay; Tozer, Sarah] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. [Crofton, Kevin; Richard, Ann] US EPA, ORD, Washington, DC USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS31 BP 252 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.034 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100042 ER PT J AU Gee, J Moser, V McDaniel, K Herr, D AF Gee, Jillian Moser, Virginia McDaniel, Kathy Herr, David TI Acute Developmental Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether 47 (PBDE 47) alters dopamine concentration within the brain of male mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/21st Annual Meeting of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Gee, Jillian; Moser, Virginia; McDaniel, Kathy; Herr, David] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gee, Jillian] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 MA NBTS51 BP 258 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.054 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 321KH UT WOS:000257303100062 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Woodruff, TJ AF Parker, Jennifer D. Woodruff, Tracey J. TI Influences of study design and location on the relationship between particulate matter air pollution and birthweight SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birthweight; air pollution; particulates; PM10 ID LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; OF-THE-LITERATURE; FETAL-GROWTH; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; INFANT-MORTALITY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHILDREN BORN; PRETERM BIRTH; CALIFORNIA AB A large number of studies have identified a relationship between particulate matter air pollution and birthweight. Although reported associations are small and varied, they have been identified in studies from places around the world. Exposure assignment, covariates and study inclusion criteria vary among studies. To examine the effect of these and other study characteristics on associations between particulate matter and birthweight, US birth records for singletons delivered at 40 weeks gestation in 2001-03 during the months of March, June, September and December were linked to quarterly estimates of pollution exposure, both particulate matter exposure and exposure to multiple pollutants, by county of residence and month of birth. Annual, 9-month and trimester-specific exposures were assigned. Among births linked to particulate matter exposure there was a small association between coarse particle exposure and birthweight (beta -13 g per 10 mu g/m(3) increase [95% CI -18.3 g, -7.6 g]) after controlling for maternal factors; this association was attenuated slightly and remained statistically significant after further adjustment for contextual factors, year of birth, region, or urban-rural status. The associations were slightly weaker among births linked to multiple pollutant exposure than among births linked to just particulate matter exposure. The association varied markedly by region, ranging from a decrement of 43 g per 10 mu g/m(3) [95% CI -58.6 g, -27.6 g] in the north-west to a null association in the south-west. Trimester findings were smaller, yet remained significant and varied regionally. The association between fine particle exposure and birthweight varied considerably, with an overall small positive association that became null after control for region. This study found that wide regional differences in association may contribute to the varied published findings. The association between coarse particle exposure and birthweight appeared robust, if small; fine particles had no overall association with birthweight. C1 [Parker, Jennifer D.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, Program Reproduct Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6107, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 214 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00931.x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 289NS UT WOS:000255061800002 PM 18426516 ER PT J AU Kyle, JW Hammitt, JK Lim, HW Geller, AC Hall-Jordan, LH Maibach, EW De Fabo, EC Wagner, MC AF Kyle, Jessica W. Hammitt, James K. Lim, Henry W. Geller, Alan C. Hall-Jordan, Luke H. Maibach, Edward W. De Fabo, Edward C. Wagner, Mark C. TI Economic evaluation of the US environmental protection agency's SunWise Program: Sun protection education for young children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE skin cancer; prevention; environmental health; school health; cost/benefit analysis; cost-effectiveness; schools ID OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; PHOTOLYSIS RATE COEFFICIENT; SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTION; SKIN-CANCER; UROCANIC ACID; PREVENTION-PROGRAM; IMMUNE SUPPRESSION; SUNSCREEN USE; EXPOSURE; RADIATION AB OBJECTIVE. The SunWise School Program is a school-based sun safety education program that was developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and aims to teach children how to protect themselves from overexposure to the sun. The objectives of this study were to assess the health benefits of the SunWise School Program and use economic analysis to determine the program's net benefits and cost-effectiveness. METHODS. Standard cost/benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis methods were used. Intervention costs were measured as program costs estimated to be incurred by the US government, which funds SunWise, using 3 funding scenarios. Health outcomes were measured as skin cancer cases and premature mortalities averted and quality-adjusted life-years saved. These health outcomes were modeled using an effectiveness evaluation of SunWise based on pretest and posttest surveys administered to students who participated in the program and the Environmental Protection Agency's peer-reviewed Atmospheric and Health Effects Framework model. Costs averted were measured as direct medical costs and costs of productivity losses averted as a result of SunWise. Net benefits were measured as the difference between costs averted and program costs. RESULTS. Economic analysis indicated that if the SunWise School Program continues through 2015 at current funding levels, then it should avert >50 premature deaths, nearly 11 000 skin cancer cases, and 960 quality-adjusted life-years (undiscounted) among its participants. For every dollar invested in SunWise, between approximately $2 and $4 in medical care costs and productivity losses are saved, depending on the funding scenario. CONCLUSIONS. From a cost/benefit and cost-effectiveness perspective, it is worthwhile to educate children about sun safety; small to modest behavioral impacts may result in significant reductions in skin cancer incidence and mortality. C1 [Kyle, Jessica W.; Wagner, Mark C.] ICF Int, Washington, DC USA. [Hammitt, James K.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lim, Henry W.] Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Geller, Alan C.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hall-Jordan, Luke H.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Maibach, Edward W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Commun, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Commun Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [De Fabo, Edward C.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Lab Photobiol & Photoimmunol, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth,Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Wagner, MC (reprint author), ICF Int, 1725 Eye St NW,Suite 1000, Washington, DC USA. EM mwagner@icfi.com OI Maibach, Edward/0000-0003-3409-9187 NR 83 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 121 IS 5 BP E1074 EP E1084 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1400 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295VL UT WOS:000255501900048 PM 18450850 ER PT J AU Blocksom, KA Flotemersch, JE AF Blocksom, Karen A. Flotemersch, Joseph E. TI Field and laboratory performance characteristics of a new protocol for sampling riverine macroinvertebrate assemblages SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sampling variability; precision; sensitivity; non-wadeable streams; rivers; macroinvertebrates; field method ID COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOASSESSMENT METHODS; FISH COMMUNITIES; MISSOURI RIVER; FRAMEWORK; INDEX AB Measurement and estimation of performance characteristics (i.e. precision, bias, performance range, interferences and sensitivity) are often neglected in the development and use of biological sampling methods. However, knowledge of this information is critical in enabling potential users to assess data quality and make comparisons among different sampling methods. In this study, the performance characteristics were evaluated for both the field and laboratory components of a new large river macroinvertebrate bioassessment protocol (mLR-BP) for non-wadeable streams. We sampled 19 sites across two depth classes, collecting three replicate samples at each site and sorting three 300-organism subsamples from each sample. The replicate samples provided data for estimates of precision in the laboratory and field, and abiotic variables allowed for measurements of overall sensitivity. Precision and performance range differed between shallow and deep sites, particularly for the field component. As compared with precision measured in other studies of bioassessment methods, the field component of the mLR-BP performed similarly, particularly in shallow sites. Based on the measures of combined field and laboratory sensitivity, this protocol should be able to detect differences of approximately 20-25% in the metrics evaluated in this study, if used for bioassessment in similar types of rivers. With all sites and the field and laboratory components combined, metrics were most responsive to a gradient of urban land cover but also showed some relationship with agricultural land cover. However, metric responsiveness does not necessarily correlate with precision, and metric selection can influence the performance characteristics of the method. Overall, the sampling protocol shows great utility for bioassessment and monitoring of non-wadeable rivers, as well as for measuring the success of restoration efforts. In addition, the design of this study provides a template for estimating performance characteristics in other non-wadeable systems. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Blocksom, Karen A.; Flotemersch, Joseph E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Blocksom, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM blocksom.karen@epa.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 373 EP 387 DI 10.1002/rra.1073 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 308TE UT WOS:000256412100002 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Haugland, R Neas, L Hudgens, E Heidenfelder, B Gallagher, J AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Haugland, Richard Neas, Lucas Hudgens, Edward Heidenfelder, Brooke Gallagher, Jane TI Higher Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMIsm) values measured in Detroit homes of severely asthmatic children SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE asthma; ERMI; mold specific quantitative PCR; children ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; HOUSE-DUST; MOLDS; WATER; ALLERGY; HEALTH; FUNGI AB Sieved vacuum bag dust from the homes of 143 children in Detroit was analyzed by mold specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) and the Environmental Relative Moldiness index (ERMIsm) was calculated for each home. Children living in these homes were grouped as non-asthmatic (n = 83), moderately asthmatic (n = 28) and severely asthmatic (n = 32) based on prescription medication usage for their asthma management (none, occasional and daily, respectively). The mean ERMI for each group of homes was 6.2 for non-asthmatic, 6.3 for moderately asthmatic and 8.2 for severely asthmatic children. The ERMI values in the homes of severely asthmatic children were significantly greater compared to the nonasthmatics (p = 0.04 in Wilcoxon Rank-sum test). Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus unguis were the primary mold species that distinguished severely asthmatic children's homes and nonasthmatic children's homes (p<0.05; Wilcoxon Rank-sum test). The determination of the home's ERMI values may aid in prioritizing home remediation efforts, particularly in those children who are at increased risk for asthma exacerbation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vesper, Stephen; Haugland, Richard] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McKinstry, Craig] Pacific Northwest Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Ave,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 394 IS 1 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.031 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290DU UT WOS:000255104300019 PM 18280542 ER PT J AU Kavlock, RJ Ankley, G Blancato, J Breen, M Conolly, R Dix, D Houck, K Hubal, E Judson, R Rabinowitz, J Richard, A Setzer, RW Shah, I Villeneuve, D Weber, E AF Kavlock, Robert J. Ankley, Gerald Blancato, Jerry Breen, Michael Conolly, Rory Dix, David Houck, Keith Hubal, Elaine Judson, Richard Rabinowitz, James Richard, Ann Setzer, R. Woodrow Shah, Imran Villeneuve, Daniel Weber, Eric TI Computational toxicology - A state of the science mini review SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE bioinformatics; biological modeling; QSAR; systems biology; cheminformatics; high throughput screening; toxicity pathways ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS-METHODS; ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; ENDOCRINE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; DRUG-METABOLISM; PPAR-GAMMA; VARIABILITY; TOXICITY AB Advances in computer sciences and hardware combined with equally significant developments in molecular biology and chemistry are providing toxicology with a powerful new tool box. This tool box of computational models promises to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness by which the hazards and risks of environmental chemicals are determined. Computational toxicology focuses on applying these tools across many scales, including vastly increasing the numbers of chemicals and the types of biological interactions that can be evaluated. In addition, knowledge of toxicity pathways gathered within the tool box will be directly applicable to the study of the biological responses across a range of dose levels, including those more likely to be representative of exposures to the human population. Progress in this field will facilitate the transformative shift called for in the recent report on toxicology in the 21st century by the National Research Council. This review surveys the state of the art in many areas of computational toxicology and points to several hurdles that will be important to overcome as the field moves forward. Proof-of-concept studies need to clearly demonstrate the additional predictive power gained from these tools. More researchers need to become comfortable working with both the data generating tools and the computational modeling capabilities, and regulatory authorities must show a willingness to the embrace new approaches as they gain scientific acceptance. The next few years should witness the early fruits of these efforts, but as the National Research Council indicates, the paradigm shift will take a long term investment and commitment to reach full potential. C1 [Kavlock, Robert J.; Blancato, Jerry; Conolly, Rory; Dix, David; Houck, Keith; Hubal, Elaine; Judson, Richard; Rabinowitz, James; Richard, Ann; Setzer, R. Woodrow; Shah, Imran] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ankley, Gerald; Villeneuve, Daniel] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weber, Eric] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kavlock, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, B-205-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kavlock.robert@epa.gov OI Setzer, Rhyne/0000-0002-6709-9186; Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 90 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 BP 14 EP 27 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm297 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 287ZH UT WOS:000254955500003 PM 18065772 ER PT J AU Rosen, MB Lee, JS Ren, H Vallanat, B Liu, J Waalkes, MP Abbott, BD Lau, C Corton, C AF Rosen, Mitchell B. Lee, Janice S. Ren, Hongzu Vallanat, Beena Liu, Jie Waalkes, Michael P. Abbott, Barbara D. Lau, Christopher Corton, Christopher TI Toxicogenomic dissection of the perfluorooctanoic acid transcript profile in mouse liver: Evidence for the involvement of nuclear receptors PPAR alpha and CAR SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferator; perfluorinated alkyl acid; perfluorooctanoic acid; liver cancer ID CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGEN; GENE-EXPRESSION; FEMALE RATS; MICE; GAMMA; TOXICITY AB A number of perfluorinated alkyl acids including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) elicit effects similar to peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPC) in mouse and rat liver. There is strong evidence that PPC cause many of their effects linked to liver cancer through the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). To determine the role of PPAR alpha in mediating PFOA transcriptional events, we compared the transcript profiles of the livers of wild-type or PPAR alpha-null mice exposed to PFOA or the PPAR alpha agonist WY-14,643 (WY). After 7 days of exposure, 85% or 99.7% of the genes altered by PFOA or WY exposure, respectively were dependent on PPAR alpha. The PPAR alpha-independent genes regulated by PFOA included those involved in lipid homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism. Many of the lipid homeostasis genes including acyl-CoA oxidase (Acox1) were also regulated by WY in a PPAR alpha-dependent manner. The increased expression of these genes in PPAR alpha-null mice may be partly due to increases in PPAR gamma expression upon PFOA exposure. Many of the identified xenobiotic metabolism genes are known to be under control of the nuclear receptor CAR (constitutive activated/androstane receptor) and the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). There was excellent correlation between the transcript profile of PPAR alpha-independent PFOA genes and those of activators of CAR including phenobarbital and 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) but not those regulated by the Nrf2 activator, dithiol-3-thione. These results indicate that PFOA alters most genes in wild-type mouse liver through PPAR alpha, but that a subset of genes are regulated by CAR and possibly PPAR gamma in the PPAR alpha-null mouse. C1 [Rosen, Mitchell B.; Lee, Janice S.; Ren, Hongzu; Vallanat, Beena; Abbott, Barbara D.; Lau, Christopher; Corton, Christopher] US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ren, Hongzu; Vallanat, Beena; Corton, Christopher] US EPA, NHEERL Toxicogenom Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Liu, Jie; Waalkes, Michael P.] Natl Canc Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Corton, C (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 44 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn025 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 287ZH UT WOS:000254955500006 PM 18281256 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Shoemaker, JA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Shoemaker, Jody A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI LC/MS/MS structure elucidation of reaction intermediates formed during the TiO2 photocatalysis of microcystin-LR SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE cyanotoxins; hydroxyl radicals; immobilized photocatalysts; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; microcystin-LR; MS/MS spectra; reaction intermediates; TiO2 photocatalysis ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN; GAS-PHASE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PEPTIDE IONS; DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; WATER; DISSOCIATION AB Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyanotoxin and emerging drinking water contaminant, was treated with TiO2 photocatalysts immobilized on stainless steel plates as an alternative to nanoparticles in slurry. The reaction intermediates of MC-LR were identified with mass spectrometry (MS) at pH of Milli-Q water (pH(sq) = 5.7). Eleven new [M + H](+) were observed. in the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) chromatogram with some of them giving multiple peaks. Most of these reaction intermediates have not been reported from previous studies employing TiO2 nanoparticles at acidic conditions (pH = 4.0). Investigating the effects of pH (for 3.0 < pH < 7.0), toxin adsorption and initial toxin concentration on the degradation efficiency of the TiO2 photocatalytic films showed that acidic conditions are preferable for the degradation. Combined with the limited surface area of the films and the absence of additional oxidants (i.e., H2O2) the degradation was slower and more intermediate steps were identified. Possible structures of the intermediates (formed at neutral pH) after analyzing the corresponding MS/MS spectra are reported. The collision-induced dissociation of the [M + H](-) of MC-LR and the intermediates 1011.5 and 1029.5 are discussed and possible fragmentation pathways and mechanisms are also proposed. Analysis of the MS/MS spectra indicates that the fragmentation of some amino acids is less favorable because of internal interaction with free groups of adjacent amino acids. The MS/MS spectra assisted in determining hydroxylation sites, by the formation or alteration of specific product ions such as m/z 599. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dionysiou, DD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu OI Antoniou, Maria G./0000-0003-0738-6068 NR 56 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1118 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.01.018 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 310AC UT WOS:000256500300016 PM 18377943 ER PT J AU Campbell, R Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS AF Campbell, R., Jr. Cooper, G. S. Gilkeson, G. S. TI The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus among patients of the carolina lupus study early in the course of disease SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Campbell, R., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Cooper, G. S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilkeson, G. S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Ralph Johnson Med Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP A154 EP A154 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)70489-7 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 302CC UT WOS:000255945400488 ER PT J AU Keeley, A Faulkner, BR AF Keeley, Ann Faulkner, Barton R. TI Influence of land use and watershed characteristics on protozoa contamination in a potential drinking water resources reservoir SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; Giardia; surface water; seasonality; land use ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; GIARDIA CYSTS; RIVER WATER; PREVALENCE; VIABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; MILWAUKEE; PATHOGENS; SUPPLIES AB Relative changes in the microbial quality of Lake Texoma, on the border of Texas and Oklahoma, were investigated by monitoring protozoan pathogens, fecal indicators, and factors influencing the intensity of the microbiological contamination of surface water reservoirs. The watershed serves rural agricultural communities active in cattle ranching, recreation, and is a potential drinking water source. A total of 193 surface water samples were tested over a 27-month period to determine levels of parasite contamination. The overall occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was higher in both frequency and concentration than Giardia cysts. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 99% and Giardia cysts in 87% of the samples. Although Cryptosporidium and Giardia occurrence were significantly but not strongly correlated, all other correlation coefficients including turbidity and total dissolved solids were non-significant. Statistically supportable seasonal variations were found suggesting that Cryptosporidium and Giardia were higher in summer and fall than in other seasons of the year. While Cryptosporidium levels were correlated with rainfall, this was not the case with Giardia. The maximum numbers for both protozoan parasites were detected from a site impacted by cattle ranching during calving season. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for confirmation of Cryptosporidium in surface waters influenced by agricultural discharges. As we had expected, oocysts were of the bovine type indicating that the Cryptosporidium parvum detected in surface waters perhaps came from cattle living in the watershed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Keeley, Ann; Faulkner, Barton R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Keeley, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM keeley.ann@epa.gov NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10-11 BP 2803 EP 2813 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.028 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 307RG UT WOS:000256335400048 PM 18367230 ER PT J AU Li, H Boufadel, MC Weaver, JW AF Li, Hailong Boufadel, Michel C. Weaver, James W. TI Tide-induced seawater-groundwater circulation in shallow beach aquifers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE beach slope; dimensionless model; seepage face; intertidal zone; seawater-groundwater circulation; solute transport ID WATER-TABLE FLUCTUATIONS; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; NUTRIENT TRANSPORT; SLOPING BOUNDARY; STEADY-STATE; SEEPAGE; MODEL; DISCHARGE; FLOW; SHORELINE AB In this paper, we investigated the tide-induced seawater-groundwater circulation in shallow beach aquifers using the finite element model MARUN. The numerical solutions were generalized using a dimensionless formulation. From a dimensionless tidal period and a dimensionless beach slope of 10%, we obtained results that apply to a wide range of beach permeabilities from 10(-4) m/s to 10(-3) m/s, beach slopes from 3.16% to 31.6%, tidal amplitude (0.3 m-2 m) and period (diurnal or semidiurnal). The numerical simulations demonstrated the following: The maximum Darcy velocity always occurs at the intersection of the watertable and the beach surface. The offshore beach groundwater is almost stagnant compared with the onshore groundwater flow, which may explain the previous observations that the major portion of the seaward groundwater seepage usually occurs in the shallow part of the submerged beach. The outflow from the seepage face accounts for 41-97% (average 55%) of the outflow from the intertidal zone. The amount of seawater infiltrating into the intertidal zone in a tidal cycle increases with the beach permeability and decreases when the inland recharge increases, and ranges from 35.5 m(3) yr(-1) m(-1) to 505.8 m(3) yr(-1) m(-1) for all the cases considered. Smaller beach slopes, smaller inland freshwater recharges, and/or greater beach permeability lead to larger salt-water plumes in the intertidal zone of the beach. The results are in line with the existing results of field observations and numerical simulations by previous researchers. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Hailong; Boufadel, Michel C.] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Li, Hailong] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Li, Hailong] China Univ Geosci, MOE Biogeol & Environm Geol Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Weaver, James W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1947 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM hailong@temple.edu; boufadel@temple.edu; Weaver.Jim@epamail.epa.gov RI Li, Hailong/H-8484-2013 OI Li, Hailong/0000-0002-2894-0817 NR 45 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 291NE UT WOS:000255203300017 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Gudi, R Szkudlinska, A Rao, M Recio, L Kehl, M Kirby, PE Polzin, G Richter, PA AF DeMarini, David M. Gudi, Ramadevi Szkudlinska, Anna Rao, Meena Recio, Leslie Kehl, Margaret Kirby, Paul E. Polzin, Gregory Richter, Patricia A. TI Genotoxicity of 10 cigarette smoke condensates in 9 four test systems: Comparisons between assays and condensates (vol 650, pg 15, 2008) SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Correction C1 [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gudi, Ramadevi; Szkudlinska, Anna; Rao, Meena] BioReliance, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Recio, Leslie; Kehl, Margaret] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Kirby, Paul E.] SITEK Res Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Polzin, Gregory] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Richter, Patricia A.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pir1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 652 IS 2 BP 208 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.02.003 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 311BZ UT WOS:000256576400016 ER PT J AU Jiao, D Golubkov, PA Darden, TA Ren, P AF Jiao, Dian Golubkov, Pavel A. Darden, Thomas A. Ren, Pengyu TI Calculation of protein-ligand binding free energy by using a polarizable potential SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE simulation; molecular dynamics; trypsin; benzamidine; force field ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FORCE-FIELDS; ION CHANNELS; WATER MODEL; T4 LYSOZYME; MECHANICS; TRYPSIN; LIE; ELECTROSTATICS; REPRESENTATION AB The binding of charged ligands benzamidine and diazamidine to trypsin was investigated by using a polarizable potential energy function and explicit-water molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies were computed from the difference between the free energies of decoupling the ligand from water and protein environments. Both the absolute and the relative free energies from the perturbation simulations agree with experimental measurements to within 0.5 kcal(.)mol(-1). Comparison of free-energy components sampled from different thermodynamic paths indicates that electrostatics is the main driving force behind benzamidine recognition of trypsin. The contribution of electronic polarization to binding appears to be crucial. By computing the free-energy contribution caused by the polarization between the ligand and its surroundings, we found that polarization has the opposite effect in dissimilar environments. Although polarization favors ligand solvation in water, it weakens the protein-ligand attraction by screening the electrostatic interaction between trypsin and benzamidine. We also examined the relative binding free energies of a benzamidine analog diazamidine to trypsin. The changes in free energy on benzamidine-diazamidine substitution were tens of kilocalories in both water and trypsin environments; however, the change in the total binding free energy is <2 kcal(.)mol(-1) because of cancellation, consistent with the experimental results. Overall, our results suggest that the use of a polarizable force field, given adequate sampling, is capable of achieving chemical accuracy in molecular simulations of protein-ligand recognition. C1 [Jiao, Dian; Golubkov, Pavel A.; Ren, Pengyu] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Darden, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ren, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pren@mail.utexas.edu RI Jiao, Dian/E-5814-2011; Jiao, Dian/F-4337-2011 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM079686, R01 GM079686-02, R01GM079686] NR 53 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 29 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 17 BP 6290 EP 6295 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711686105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 296HM UT WOS:000255534100016 PM 18427113 ER PT J AU Chang, DT Schenter, GK Garrett, BC AF Chang, Daniel T. Schenter, Gregory K. Garrett, Bruce C. TI Self-consistent polarization neglect of diatomic differential overlap: Application to water clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; DIRECT DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS; LEVEL DIRECT DYNAMICS; VALENCE-BOND MODEL; MECHANICAL/MOLECULAR MECHANICAL METHODS; SCALING SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; HYDROGEN-TRANSFER REACTION; EFFECTIVE PAIR POTENTIALS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS AB Semiempirical self-consistent field (SCF) methods based on the neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO) formalism have the ability to treat the formation and breaking of chemical bonds but have been found to poorly describe hydrogen bonding and weak electrostatic complexes. In contrast, most empirical potentials are not able to describe bond breaking and formation but have the ability to add missing elements of hydrogen bonding by using classical electrostatic interactions. We present a new method which combines aspects of both NDDO-based SCF techniques and classical descriptions of polarization to describe the diffuse nature of the electronic wavefunction in a self-consistent manner. We develop the "self-consistent polarization neglect of diatomic differential overlap" (SCP-NDDO) theory with the additional description of molecular dispersion developed as a second-order perturbation theory expression. The current study seeks to model water-water interactions as a test case. To this end, we have parametrized the method to accurate ab initio complete basis set limit estimates of small water cluster binding energies of Xantheas and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 1493 (2002); 120, 823 (2004)]. Overall agreement with the ab initio binding energies (n=2-6, and 8) is achieved with a rms error of 0.19 kcal/mol. We achieve noticeable improvements in the structure, vibrational frequencies, and energetic predictions of water clusters (n <= 21) relative to standard NDDO-based methods. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Chang, Daniel T.; Schenter, Gregory K.; Garrett, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chang, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM greg.schenter@pnl.gov RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 143 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 16 AR 164111 DI 10.1063/1.2905230 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 295DX UT WOS:000255456300014 PM 18447425 ER PT J AU Park, RA Clough, JS Wellman, MC AF Park, Richard A. Clough, Jonathan S. Wellman, Marjorie Coombs TI AQUATOX: Modeling environmental fate and ecological effects in aquatic ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE model; ecosystem; aquatic; nutrient; toxic organics; ecotoxicology ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; FOOD-CHAINS; BIOCONCENTRATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; ACCUMULATION; CHEMICALS; LAKE; HYDROCARBONS; CALIBRATION AB AQUATOX combines aquatic ecosystem, chemical fate, and ecotoxicological constructs to obtain a truly integrative fate and effects model. It is a general, mechanistic ecological risk assessment model intended to be used to evaluate past, present, and future direct and indirect effects from various stressors including nutrients, organic wastes, sediments, toxic organic chemicals, flow, and temperature in aquatic ecosystems. The model has a very flexible structure and provides multiple analytical tools useful for evaluating ecological effects, including uncertainty analysis, nominal range sensitivity analysis, comparison of perturbed and control simulations, and graphing and tabulation of predicted concentrations, rates, and photosynthetic limitations. It can represent a full aquatic food web, including multiple genera and guilds of periphyton, phytoplankton, submersed aquatic vegetation, invertebrates, and fish and associated organic toxicants. It can model up to 20 organic chemicals simultaneously. (It does not model metals.) Modeled processes for organic toxicants include chemodynamics of neutral and ionized organic chemicals, bioaccumulation as a function of sorption and bioenergetics, biotransformation to daughter products, and sublethal and lethal toxicity. It has an extensive library of default biotic, chemical, and toxicological parameters and incorporates the ICE regression equations for estimating toxicity in numerous organisms. The model has been implemented for streams, small rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. It is an integral part of the BASINS system with linkage to the watershed models HSPF and SWAT. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Richard A.] Eco Modeling, Diamonhead, MS 39525 USA. [Clough, Jonathan S.] Warren Pinnacle Consulting Inc, Warren, VT 05674 USA. [Wellman, Marjorie Coombs] US EPA, Off Sci Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Park, RA (reprint author), Eco Modeling, 5522 Alakoko Pl, Diamonhead, MS 39525 USA. EM dickpark@cableone.net NR 106 TC 75 Z9 86 U1 13 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 213 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.01.015 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295CV UT WOS:000255453500001 ER PT J AU Gargas, ML Collins, B Fennell, TR Gaudette, NF Sweeney, LM AF Gargas, Michael L. Collins, Brad Fennell, Timothy R. Gaudette, Norman F., Jr. Sweeney, Lisa M. TI Disposition of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) trimer in female rats: Single dose intravenous and gavage studies SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer); pharmacokinctics; perinatal ID TOMS-RIVER; NEW-JERSEY AB Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer), a mixture of six isomers (four isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-alpha-methyl-1-naphthaleneacetonitrile [THAN] and two isomers of 4-cyano- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthaleneproprionitrile [THNP]), is a by-product of a specific production process of styrene-acrylonitrile polymer. Disposition studies in female rats were conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of [H-3]SAN Trimer following a single intravenous administration (26 mg/kg) to nonpregnant rats; a single gavage administration (nominal doses of 25 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg in corn oil) to nonpregnant rats; and a single gavage administration (nominal dose of 200 mg/kg in corn oil) to pregnant and lactating rats. SAN Trimer was rapidly eliminated from blood (T-1/2 similar to 1 h) following a single intravenous dose and following single oral doses (T-1/2 similar to 3-4 h). SAN Trimer was also rapidly excreted in the urine and feces following single oral doses, while total radioactivity was cleared more slowly. In pregnant rats, the concentrations of both radioactivity and SAN Trimer 2 It after dosing were highest in the blood, followed by the placenta, with the lowest levels in the fetus. In lactating rats, the concentrations of both radioactivity and SAN Trimer were higher in milk than in maternal blood. Total radioactivity and SAN Trimer blood concentrations in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats were both higher in lactating rats compared to nonpregnant and pregnant rats. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gargas, Michael L.; Sweeney, Lisa M.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Collins, Brad] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Fennell, Timothy R.; Gaudette, Norman F., Jr.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gargas, ML (reprint author), Sapphire Grp Inc, 2661 Commons Blvd,2nd Floor, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM MLG@TheSapphireGroup.com RI Fennell, Tim/D-9936-2013; Sweeney, Lisa/K-5114-2012 OI Sweeney, Lisa/0000-0002-4672-7358 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.01.016 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 300MW UT WOS:000255828900001 PM 18384980 ER PT J AU Messer, LC AF Messer, Lynne C. TI Invited commentary: Measuring social disparities in health - What was the question again? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE epidemiologic methods; ethnic groups; health status disparities; lung neoplasms; socioeconomic factors ID RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; INEQUALITIES; EQUITY AB Monitoring social disparities in health is not a straightforward project. Defining what constitutes a disparity is challenging, and multiple measures have been proposed to track changes in disparity over time. In this issue, Harper et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:889-899) present seven health disparity measures and apply them to US lung cancer incidence rates (1992-2004). They find that different summary measures provide different answers to the question "Has disparity increased or decreased?" Their findings leave us uncertain how to use and interpret these measures to track changes in social disparities in health. In this invited commentary, the author proposes that increased attention to the scale at which disparities are measured, the interpretations attached to the various measures used, and the way in which these measures are assembled on the basis of conceptual models would benefit the field. Specifically, attention to these three areas would increase the capacity to communicate research findings to the public and policy-making consumers of disparity-related research. C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Messer, LC (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM messer.lynne@epa.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 8 BP 900 EP 904 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn019 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286VU UT WOS:000254874900002 PM 18344512 ER PT J AU Camtbell, R Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS AF Camtbell, Robert, Jr. Cooper, Glinda S. Gilkeson, Gary S. TI Two aspects of the clinical and humanistic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus: Mortality risk and quality of life early in the course of disease SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; HEALTH-STATUS; DEATH; IMPACT; RACE; AGE; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; PROGNOSIS; OUTCOMES AB Objective. To evaluate mortality risk and predictors among recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods. The vital status of 265 SLE patients and 355 controls enrolled in the Carolina Lupus Study (median time since diagnosis 13 months) was determined similar to 5 years after enrollment. We also assessed the utility of an 8-item quality of life instrument, derived from the standard 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, as an additional measure of disease impact. Results. Five years after diagnosis, 9.7% of patients compared with 0.3% of controls had died (P < 0.0001). Increased mortality risk was seen among older patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01-1.06 per 1-year increment in age) and among men, African Americans, patients with lupus nephritis, and patients with anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (adjusted HR similar to 2.0 for each of these factors). In addition, patients who did not provide a blood sample at study enrollment experienced increased mortality risk (age-, sex-, and race-adjusted HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.1). Similar results were seen in analyses limited to time from study enrollment. Physical component scores of the quality of life measure were 7.7 points lower (P < 0.0001) and mental component scores were 1.8 points lower (P = 0.07) in patients compared with controls. Conclusion. The mortality risk among SLE patients is significant, particularly among African Americans, even early in the disease process and even with currently available treatments. Differences between cases and controls in health-related quality of life using the Short Form 8 also demonstrate the multidimensional burden of SLE. C1 [Camtbell, Robert, Jr.; Gilkeson, Gary S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilkeson, Gary S.] Ralph H. Johnson Vet Adm Med Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Camtbell, R (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAMS NIH HHS [1T32-AR050958, 2R01-AR045476, P60-AR049459] NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 4 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1002/art.23539 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 288JT UT WOS:000254983400002 PM 18383420 ER PT J AU O'Bryan, MK Takada, S Kennedy, CL Scott, G Harada, S Ray, MK Dai, QS Wilhelm, D de Kretser, DM Eddy, EM Koopman, P Mishina, Y AF O'Bryan, Moira K. Takada, Shuji Kennedy, Claire L. Scott, Greg Harada, Shun-ichi Ray, Manas K. Dai, Qunsheng Wilhelm, Dagmar de Kretser, David M. Eddy, E. Mitch Koopman, Peter Mishina, Yuji TI Sox8 is a critical regulator of adult Sertoli cell function and male fertility SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; fertility; Sox; sperm; adhesion; spermatogenesis ID NEURAL CREST DEVELOPMENT; AUTOSOMAL SEX REVERSAL; SRY-RELATED GENE; CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA; HIRSCHSPRUNG-DISEASE; MOUSE MODEL; MUTATIONS; SPERM; MICE; SPERMATOGENESIS AB Sox8 encodes a high-mobility group transcription factor that is widely expressed during development. Sox8, -9 and -10 form group E of the Sox gene family which has been implicated in several human developmental disorders. In contrast to other SoxE genes, the role of Sox8 is unclear and Sox8 mouse mutants reportedly showed only idiopathic weight loss and reduced bone density. The careful analysis of our Sox8 null mice, however, revealed a progressive male infertility phenotype. Sox8 null males only sporadically produced litters of reduced size at young ages. We have shown that SOX8 protein is a product of adult Sertoli cells and its elimination results in an age-dependent deregulation of spermatogenesis, characterized by sloughing of spermatocytes and round spermatids, spermiation failure and a progressive disorganization of the spermatogenic cycle, which resulted in the inappropriate placement and juxtaposition of germ cell types within the epithelium. Those sperm that did enter the epididymides displayed abnormal motility. These data show that SOX8 is a critical regulator of adult Sertoli cell function and is required for both its cytoarchitectural and paracrine interactions with germ cells. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Bryan, Moira K.; Kennedy, Claire L.; de Kretser, David M.] Monash Univ, Monash Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Takada, Shuji; Wilhelm, Dagmar; Koopman, Peter] Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Scott, Greg; Ray, Manas K.; Mishina, Yuji] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Knockout Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mishina, Yuji] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Eddy, E. Mitch] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gamete Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Harada, Shun-ichi] Merck Res Labs, Dept Bone Biol & Osteoporosis Res, West Point, PA USA. RP O'Bryan, MK (reprint author), Monash Univ, Monash Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM moira.obryan@med.monash.edu.au; mishina@niehs.nih.gov RI Koopman, Peter /C-9416-2009; Wilhelm, Dagmar/B-6915-2009; O'Bryan, Moira/F-8256-2012 OI Koopman, Peter /0000-0001-6939-0914; Wilhelm, Dagmar/0000-0002-7757-4075; O'Bryan, Moira/0000-0001-7298-4940 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES070076-21]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES071003-10, Z01 ES071003] NR 38 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 316 IS 2 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.01.042 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 286UF UT WOS:000254870800015 PM 18342849 ER PT J AU Dyer, SD Versteeg, DJ Belanger, SE Chaney, JG Raimondo, S Barron, MG AF Dyer, Scott D. Versteeg, Donald J. Belanger, Scott E. Chaney, Joel G. Raimondo, Sandy Barron, Mace G. TI Comparison of species sensitivity distributions derived from interspecies correlation models to distributions used to derive water quality criteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; ACUTE TOXICITY; CHEMICALS AB Species sensitivity distributions (SSD) require a large number of measured toxicity values to define a hazard level protective of multiple species. This investigation comprehensively evaluated the accuracy of SSDs generated from toxicity values predicted from interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models. ICE models are log-log correlations of multiple chemical toxicity values for a pair of species that allow the toxicity of multiple species to be predicted from a single measured acute toxicity value for a surrogate species. ICE SSDs were generated using four surrogate species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon varigatus, and water flea, Daphnia magna). ICE-based hazard concentrations (HC5s) from the 5th percentile of the log-logistic distribution of toxicity values were compared to HC5s determined from the acute toxicity of 55 chemicals from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC). Measured fish and invertebrate acute toxicity data and HC5s from the AWQC data sets were compared to ICE-based HC5s. Surrogate species choice was found to be an important consideration in developing predictive HC5s. These results illustrated that fish predict fish better than invertebrates and D. magna predicted invertebrates better than most fish. For example, a mixed model of predicted fish and invertebrates from fathead minnow and D. magna as surrogate species provided predictive relationships with an average factor of 3.0 (+/- 6.7) over 7 orders of toxic magnitude and several chemical classes (HC5predicted/HC5(measured))The application of ICE models is recommended as a valid approach for generating SSDs and hazard concentrations for chemicals with limited toxicity data. C1 [Dyer, Scott D.; Versteeg, Donald J.; Belanger, Scott E.; Chaney, Joel G.] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. [Raimondo, Sandy; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, 11810 E Miami River Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. EM dyer.sd@pg.com OI Belanger, Scott/0000-0003-0369-9673 NR 67 TC 38 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3076 EP 3083 DI 10.1021/es702302e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287BD UT WOS:000254890400065 PM 18497169 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Kulatilake, PHSW AF Wang, Mingyu Kulatilake, P. H. S. W. TI Understanding of hydraulic properties from configurations of stochastically distributed fracture networks SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE fractures; stochastically distributed fracture network; fluid flow; directional block hydraulic conductivity; discrete fracture fluid flow modelling; hydraulic conductivity tensor; representative elementary volume ID JOINTED ROCK HYDRAULICS; CONDUCTIVITY TENSOR; FIELD DETERMINATION; ANISOTROPIC MEDIA; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; SIMULATION; GEOMETRY; FLUID AB A systematic investigation of the effect of configurations of stochastically distributed fracture networks on hydraulic behaviour for fractured rock masses could provide either quantitative or qualitative correlation between the structural configuration of the fracture network and its corresponding hydraulic behaviour, and enhance our understanding of appropriate application of groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling in fractured rock masses. In this study, the effect of block sizes, intersection angles of fracture sets, standard deviations of fracture orientation, and fracture densities on directional block hydraulic conductivity and representative elementary volume is systematically investigated in two dimensions by implementing a numerical discrete fracture fluid flow model and incorporating stochastically distributed fracture configurations. It is shown from this investigation that the configuration of a stochastically distributed fracture network has a significant quantitative or qualitative effect on the hydraulic behaviour of fractured rock masses. Compared with the deterministic fracture configurations that have been extensively dealt with in a previous study, this investigation is expected to be more practical and adequate, since fracture geometry parameters are inherently stochastically distributed in the field. Moreover, the methodology and approach presented in this study may be generally applied to any fracture system in investigating the hydraulic behaviours from configurations of the fracture system while establishing a 'bridge' from the discrete fracture network flow modelling to equivalent continuum modelling in fractured rock masses. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Mingyu] US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ctr Subsurface Modeling Support, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kulatilake, P. H. S. W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), 919 Kerr Res Dr,POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mingyuwpan@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1135 DI 10.1002/hyp.6667 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 290WT UT WOS:000255154200006 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Nafion (R)-catalyzed microwave-assisted Ritter reaction: an atom-economic solvent-free synthesis of amides SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ritter reaction; amides; Nafiono (R) NR50; solvent-free reaction; microwave irradiation ID AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SOLID SUPERACIDS; NAFION-H; BIOACTIVE HETEROCYCLES; ORGANIC SYNTHESES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RAPID ACCESS; GREENER; ACID; DERIVATIVES AB An atom-economic solvent-free synthesis of amides by the Ritter reaction of alcohols and nitrites under microwave irradiation is reported. This green protocol is catalyzed by solid-supported Nafion(R)NR50 with improved efficiency and reduced waste production. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 38 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 16 BP 2661 EP 2664 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.009 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 293ET UT WOS:000255318800041 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, SR Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail R. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 233-Nanoscale palladium doping on magnesium particles for PCB dechlorination: Evaluation of critical parameters in bimetallic synthesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM agarwash@email.uc.edu; al-abed.souhail@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 233-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104516 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI I&EC 25-Using nanomaterials in risk management of environmental pollutants: An overview of recent advancements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 25-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105349 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Shoemaker, JA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Maria G. Shoemaker, Jody A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 230-LC/MS/MS structure elucidation of reaction intermediates formed during the photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM antonim@email.uc.edu; shoemakerjody@epa.gov; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 230-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104381 ER PT J AU Bouchard, D Ma, X AF Bouchard, Dermont Ma, Xin TI ENVR 220-Extraction and analysis of C-60, C-70, and PCBM in aqueous suspensions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Bouchard, Dermont; Ma, Xin] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bouchard.dermont@epa.gov; ma.cissy@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 220-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104344 ER PT J AU Choi, H Agarwal, S Dionysiou, DD Al-Abed, SR AF Choi, Hyeok Agarwal, Shirish Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI ENVR 239-Reactive Fe/Pd bimetallic systems-impregnated adsorptive activated carbon for the environmental risk management of contaminated sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM choi.hyeok@epa.gov; agarwash@email.uc.edu; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu; al-abed.souhail@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 239-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104350 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, A Jones, C Thai, SF Ge, Y Moyer, M AF DeAngelo, Anthony Jones, Carlton Thai, Sheau-Fung Ge, Yue Moyer, Mary TI ENVR 106-Development of normal human colon cell cultures to identify priority unregulated disinfection byproducts with a carcinogenic potential SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [DeAngelo, Anthony; Jones, Carlton; Thai, Sheau-Fung; Ge, Yue] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Moyer, Mary] INCELL Corp, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM deangelo.anthony@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 106-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104488 ER PT J AU Engler, RE Nabholz, JV AF Engler, Richard E. Nabholz, J. Vincent TI ACSAICHE 99059-Green chemistry considerations in the design of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Engler, Richard E.] US EPA, Green Chem Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Nabholz, J. Vincent] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM engler.richard@epa.gov RI Engler, Richard/J-3232-2012 OI Engler, Richard/0000-0001-7697-3106 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 99059-ACSA PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100114 ER PT J AU Engler, RE AF Engler, Richard E. TI ACSAICHE 99048-Green chemistry: Designing less hazardous chemical products and processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Engler, Richard E.] US EPA, Green Chem Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM engler.richard@epa.gov RI Engler, Richard/J-3232-2012 OI Engler, Richard/0000-0001-7697-3106 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 99048-ACSA PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100113 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Michel, FM Thompson, J AF Ford, Robert G. Michel, F. Marc Thompson, Justin TI GEOC 174-Factors influencing ferrihydrite crystallinity in natural and synthetic systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ford, Robert G.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Michel, F. Marc] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thompson, Justin] E Cent Univ, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ford.robert@epa.gov; fmichel@ic.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 174-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105122 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Scheckel, KG Acree, S Ross, R Lien, B Clark, P Scroggins, B AF Ford, Robert G. Scheckel, Kirk G. Acree, Steven Ross, Randall Lien, Bob Clark, Patrick Scroggins, Brad TI GEOC 124-Field evaluation of arsenic transport across the groundwater/surface water interface: Groundwater discharge and iron oxide precipitation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ford, Robert G.; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Lien, Bob; Clark, Patrick] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Acree, Steven; Ross, Randall; Scroggins, Brad] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ford.robert@epa.gov; Scheckel.Kirk@epa.gov; acree.steven@epa.gov; ross.randall@epa.gov; lien.bob@epa.gov; clark.patrick@epa.gov; scroggins.brad@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 124-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105033 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, BR Lytle, DA Garno, JC AF Lewandowski, Brian R. Lytle, Darren A. Garno, Jayne C. TI ANYL 66-Impact of pH and phosphates in water chemistries during the initial stages of the corrosion of copper surfaces investigated by AFM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lewandowski, Brian R.; Garno, Jayne C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM blewan1@lsu.edu; lytle.darren@epa.gov; jgarno@lsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 66-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100481 ER PT J AU Loux, NT Savage, NF AF Loux, Nicholas T. Savage, Nora F. TI ENVR 27-Assessment of the fate of metal oxide nanomaterials in porous media SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Loux, Nicholas T.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Savage, Nora F.] US EPA, ORD, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov; savage.nora@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 27-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104328 ER PT J AU Lowry, GV Phenrat, T Kazy, SK Alvarez, PJJ Veronesi, B AF Lowry, Gregory V. Phenrat, Tanapon Kazy, Sufia K. Alvarez, Pedro J. J. Veronesi, Bellina TI I&EC 155-Creating environmentally friendly reactive nanoparticles through surface modification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lowry, Gregory V.; Phenrat, Tanapon] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kazy, Sufia K.; Alvarez, Pedro J. J.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Veronesi, Bellina] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM glowry@cmu.edu; tphenrat@andrew.cmu.edu; sufia_kazy@yahoo.com; Veronesi.Bellina@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 155-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105308 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA AF Lytle, Darren A. TI ENVR 35-Use of adsorption media for arsenic removal from water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lytle, Darren A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 35-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104355 ER PT J AU Ma, X Bouchard, D AF Ma, Xin Bouchard, Dermont TI ENVR 221-Formation kinetics of aqueous suspensions of fullerenes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ma, Xin; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ma.cissy@epa.gov; bouchard.dermont@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 221-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104354 ER PT J AU Nesnow, S Hester, S AF Nesnow, Stephen Hester, Susan TI AGFD 90-Transcriptional responses in thyroid tissues from rats treated with a tumorigenic and a nontumorigenic triazole conazole fungicide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nesnow, Stephen; Hester, Susan] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov; hester.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 90-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100175 ER PT J AU Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M AF Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Edney, Edward O. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Jaoui, Mohammed TI FUEL 229-Atmospheric photochemical aerosol formation from Diesel exhausts: A comparison of conventional and biofuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Offenberg, John H.; Lewandowski, Michael; Edney, Edward O.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, ORD NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM offenberg.john@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 229-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104641 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M Antoniou, MG Choi, H de la Cruz, AA Shoemaker, JA Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel Antoniou, Maria G. Choi, Hyeok de la Cruz, Armah A. Shoemaker, Jody A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 169-Effects of water parameters on the degradation of microcystin-LR under solar light-activated TiO2 photocatalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Antoniou, Maria G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Choi, Hyeok] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.; Shoemaker, Jody A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM antonim@email.uc.edu; choi.hyeok@epa.gov; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; shoemaker.jody@epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 169-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104377 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Muellner, MG Richardson, SD Wagner, ED AF Plewa, Michael J. Muellner, Mark G. Richardson, Susan D. Wagner, Elizabeth D. TI ENVR 105-Induction of mammalian cell chronic cytotoxicity and acute genomic DNA damage by drinking water disinfection byproducts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Plewa, Michael J.; Muellner, Mark G.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Plewa, Michael J.; Muellner, Mark G.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Adv Mat Purificat Water Syst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mplewa@uiuc.edu; muellner@uiuc.edu; richardson.susan@epa.gov; edwagner@uiuc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 105-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104391 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI ORGN 425-Microwave-assisted greener synthesis of pharmaceutically active heterocycles under benign conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 425-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775107617 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI ENVR 104-Water, water everywhere, but is it safe to drink? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Richardson, Susan D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richardson.susan@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 104-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104557 ER PT J AU Scheckel, KG Ford, RG Williams, AGB Luxton, TP Clark, P Scroggins, B AF Scheckel, Kirk G. Ford, Robert G. Williams, Aaron G. B. Luxton, Todd P. Clark, Patrick Scroggins, Brad TI GEOC 125-Field evaluation of arsenic transport across the groundwater/surface water interface: Speciation in sediment material SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Scheckel, Kirk G.; Luxton, Todd P.] US EPA, Waste Management Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Ford, Robert G.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Williams, Aaron G. B.] Environm Planning Specialists Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Clark, Patrick] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Scroggins, Brad] US EPA, GWERD, Ada, OK USA. EM scheckel.kirk@epa.gov; ford.robert@epa.gov; awilliams@envplanning.com; Scroggins.Brad@epa.gov RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 125-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105034 ER PT J AU Shamim, AN AF Shamim, A. N. TI ACSAICHE 99001-Nanotechnology and its applications to antimicrobials: Scientific and regulatory issues and concerns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shamim, A. N.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobials Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Shamim.Najm@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 99001-ACSA PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100039 ER PT J AU Upton, TG Osuna, J Kashemirov, BA McKenna, CE Goodman, MF Sucato, CA Wilson, SH Batra, VK Pedersen, LC Beard, WA AF Upton, Thomas G. Osuna, Jorge Kashemirov, Boris A. McKenna, Charles E. Goodman, Myron F. Sucato, Christopher A. Wilson, Samuel H. Batra, Vinod K. Pedersen, Lars C. Beard, William A. TI ORGN 278-Synthesis and pKa values of stereoelectronically diverse methylenebisphosphonic acids: A nucleotide analog toolkit to probe nucleic acid polymerase structure and function SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Upton, Thomas G.; Osuna, Jorge; Kashemirov, Boris A.; McKenna, Charles E.; Goodman, Myron F.; Sucato, Christopher A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Goodman, Myron F.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wilson, Samuel H.; Batra, Vinod K.; Pedersen, Lars C.; Beard, William A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tupton@usc.edu; mgoodman@usc.edu; csucato@usc.edu; wilson5@niehs.nih.gov RI Upton, Thomas/E-3749-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 278-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108103 ER PT J AU Varma, RS Nadagouda, MN AF Varma, Rajender S. Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N. TI I&EC 157-Greener synthesis of noble metal nanostructures and nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Varma, Rajender S.; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna. N.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Varma.Rajender@epa.gov; mallikarjuna.nadagouda@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 157-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105291 ER PT J AU Anyah, RO Weaver, CP Miguez-Macho, G Fan, Y Robock, A AF Anyah, Richard O. Weaver, Christopher P. Miguez-Macho, Gonzalo Fan, Ying Robock, Alan TI Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 3. Simulated groundwater influence on coupled land-atmosphere variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL AB Using a coupled regional climate-hydrologic modeling system, RAMS-Hydro, we investigate the role of the water table dynamics in controlling soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET), boundary layer dynamics, and precipitation. In an earlier study we showed that a shallow water table can primarily exist in two types of hydrologic settings in North America: the humid river valleys and coastal regions in the east and the arid or semiarid intermountain valleys in the west. We also showed that the shallow water table in these settings can lead to significantly wetter soils than would exist without the presence of the water table. Here, we show that the water table-induced wetter soil directly maps into enhanced ET in the western setting, where soil water is a strong limiting factor of ET flux, but it is less likely to be the case in the more humid eastern setting where soil water is not limiting in general. We also ask whether any resulting enhanced ET will directly map into enhanced precipitation. Our hypothesis is that this can occur through two primary mechanisms: local, ET-driven enhancement of convective precipitation and enhanced regional or lateral moisture convergence caused by altered soil moisture fields, and hence altered ET, far from the region of concern. We find that, indeed, water table-induced higher ET in the arid west results in greater convective precipitation and that ET-precipitation coupling is primarily through local feedback pathways and precipitation recycling, with the main role of large-scale moisture convergence as an initiator of convection following dry periods. Transitioning to the more humid regions farther east, the greater atmospheric (relative to surface) control of precipitation progressively obscures any potential effects of the water table, and the effects of large-scale moisture convergence tend to dominate. C1 [Anyah, Richard O.; Weaver, Christopher P.; Robock, Alan] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Fan, Ying] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Wright Labs, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Miguez-Macho, Gonzalo] Univ Santiago Compostela, Nonlinear Phys Grp, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. [Weaver, Christopher P.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Anyah, RO (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM weaver@envsci.rutgers.edu; gonzalo@envsci.rutgers.edu; yingfan@rci.rutgers.edu; robock@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 29 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D7 AR D07103 DI 10.1029/2007JD009087 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 284OZ UT WOS:000254717000005 ER PT J AU Dechraoui, MYB Rezvani, AH Gordon, CJ Levin, ED Ramsdell, JS AF Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein Rezvani, Amir H. Gordon, Christopher J. Levin, Edward D. Ramsdell, John S. TI Repeat exposure to ciguatoxin leads to enhanced and sustained thermoregulatory, pain threshold and motor activity responses in mice: Relationship to blood ciguatoxin concentrations SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ciguatoxin; Ciguatera; thermoregulation; blood; Behavior; motor activity; core temperature; telemetry; toxin extraction; algal toxins; temperature regulation; brevetoxin ID SODIUM-CHANNELS; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; RECEPTOR-SITE; CIGUATERA; BREVETOXINS; PACIFIC; EXCITABILITY; MANNITOL; BIOASSAY; ASSAY AB Ciguatera is a common illness in tropical and subtropical regions that manifests in complex and long-lived symptoms which are more severe in subsequent exposures. This study measures central and peripheral neurologic signs, in parallel with blood toxin levels, in mice exposed once or twice (at 3 days interval) to a sublethal dose of ciguatoxin P-CTX- 1 (0.26 ng/g via i.p.). Mice were implanted with radiotransmitters to monitor motor activity and core temperature. A single exposure to ciguatoxin elicited an immediate and transient decrease in motor activity and temperature, and subsequent long-lasting thermoregulatory dysfunction resulting in stabilized body temperature around 36.0 degrees C with no observable circadian rhythm. The hypothermic response and the reduced activity were enhanced with a second exposure with 30% of the mice dying within 7 h. Measurement of the peripheral nervous system by the tail flick assay revealed increased latency with a single ciguatoxin exposure, and a greater effect following the second exposure. Toxin was measurable in blood up to 3 days following the first exposure; at the I h time point the concentrations were significantly elevated after a second exposure. These findings indicate an early response to ciguatoxin manifest in a central response to lower body temperature and reduce motor activity and a more persistent effect on the peripheral system leading to spinal heat antinociception and delayed fever-like response. The greater neurological response to a second ciguatoxin exposure was associated with elevated concentrations of ciguatoxin in the blood solely over the first hour of exposure. In conclusion, a single exposure to toxin exerts a significant neurological response which may be enhanced with subsequent exposure. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rezvani, Amir H.; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 3 PY 2008 VL 246 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.013 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 291AQ UT WOS:000255165100009 ER PT J AU Morris, SM Gregory, SA Varsha, GD Tsai, CA William, HT Melchior, WB Lin, CJ Fuscoe, JC Casciano, DA Chen, JJ AF Morris, Suzanne M. Akerman, Gregory S. Desai, Varsha G. Tsai, Chen-an Tolleson, William H. Melchior, William B., Jr. Lin, Chien-Ju Fuscoe, James C. Casciano, Daniel A. Chen, James J. TI Effect of p53 genotype on gene expression profiles in murine liver SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE transgenic mice; p53; microarray; real-time quantitative PCR; gene expression ID NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSHYDROGENASE; TUMOR TRANSFORMING GENE; G-BETA-GAMMA; DNA-DAMAGE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; INSULIN-SECRETION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; SUPPRESSOR GENE; EXCHANGE FACTOR AB The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a key regulatory element in the cell and is regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Much of the present knowledge of p53 function has come from studies of transgenic mice in which the p53 gene has undergone a targeted deletion. In order to provide additional insight into the impact on the cellular regulatory networks associated with the loss of this gene, microarray technology was utilized to assess gene expression in tissues from both the p53(-/-) and p53(+/-) mice. Six male mice from each genotype (p53(+/+), p53(+/-), and p53(-/-)) were humanely killed and the tissues processed for microarray analysis. The initial studies have been performed in the liver for which the Dunnett test revealed 1406 genes to be differentially expressed between p53(+/+) and p53(+/-) or between p53(+/-) and p53(-/-) at the level of p <= 0.05. Both genes with increased expression and decreased expression were identified in p53(+/-) and in p53(-/-) mice. Most notable in the gene list derived from the p53(+/-) mice was the significant reduction in p53 mRNA. In the p53(-/-) mice, not only was there reduced expression of the p53 genes on the array, but genes associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were differentially expressed, as expected. However, altered expression was noted for many genes in the Cdc42-GTPase pathways that influence cell proliferation. This may indicate that alternate pathways are brought into play in the unperturbed liver when loss or reduction in p53 levels occurs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morris, Suzanne M.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet Reproduct Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Akerman, Gregory S.] US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Toxicol Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Desai, Varsha G.; Fuscoe, James C.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Syst Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Tsai, Chen-an] China Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. [Tsai, Chen-an] China Med Univ, Ctr Biostat, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. [Tolleson, William H.; Melchior, William B., Jr.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Lin, Chien-Ju; Chen, James J.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Casciano, Daniel A.] Dan Casciano & Associates, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Morris, SM (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet Reproduct Toxicol, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM suzanne.morris@fda.hhs.gov OI Tsai, Chen-An/0000-0002-7490-4331 NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD APR 2 PY 2008 VL 640 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.12.004 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 289UZ UT WOS:000255080700007 PM 18206960 ER PT J AU Ellis, JL Conklin, SD Gallawa, CM Kubachka, KM Young, AR Creed, PA Caruso, JA Creed, JT AF Ellis, Jenny L. Conklin, Sean D. Gallawa, Christina M. Kubachka, Kevin M. Young, Andrea R. Creed, Patricia A. Caruso, Joseph A. Creed, John T. TI Complementary molecular and elemental detection of speciated thioarsenicals using ESI-MS in combination with a xenon-based collision-cell ICP-MS with application to fortified NIST freeze-dried urine SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thioarsenicals; xenon; collision cell; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; METABOLITES; SAMPLES; ARSENOSUGAR; PRODUCTS; SULFIDE; WATERS AB The simultaneous detection of arsenic and sulfur in thioarsenicals was achieved using xenon- based collision- cell inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with high- performance liquid chromatography. In an attempt to minimize the (OO+)-O-16-O-16 interference at m/ z 32, both sample introduction and collision- cell experimental parameters were optimized. Low flow rates (0.25 mL/ min) and a high methanol concentration (8%) in the mobile phase produced a fourfold decrease in the m/ z 32 background. A plasma sampling depth change from 3 to 7 mm produced a twofold decrease in background at m/ z 32, with a corresponding fourfold increase in the signal associated with a high ionization surrogate for sulfur. The quadrupole bias and the octopole bias were used as a kinetic energy discriminator between background and analyte ions, but a variety of tuning conditions produced similar (less than twofold change) detection limits for sulfur (S-32). A 34- fold improvement in the 32S detection limit was achieved using xenon instead of helium as a collision gas. The optimized xenon- based collision cell ICP mass spectrometer was then used with electrospray ionization MS to provide elemental and molecular- based information for the analysis of a fortified sample of NIST freeze- dried urine. The 3 sigma detection limits, based on peak height for dimethylthioarsinic acid (DMTA) and trimethylarsine sulfide (TMAS), were 15 and 12 ng/ g, respectively. Finally, the peak area reproducibilities (percentage relative standard deviation) of a 5- ppm fortified sample of NIST freeze dried urine for DMTA and TMAS were 7.4 and 5.4%, respectively. C1 [Ellis, Jenny L.; Kubachka, Kevin M.; Young, Andrea R.; Creed, Patricia A.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ellis, Jenny L.; Caruso, Joseph A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epamail.epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 390 IS 7 BP 1731 EP 1737 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1767-0 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 277SB UT WOS:000254233900007 PM 18157667 ER PT J AU Klinefelter, GR AF Klinefelter, Gary R. TI Saga of a sperm fertility biomarker SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mammalian Spermatozoon held to Celebrate the 75th Birthday of Rupert P Amann CY DEC 15-16, 2006 CL Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO HO Colorado State Univ DE sperm biomarker; fertility protein; biomarker epitopes ID SEMEN QUALITY; DIBROMOACETIC ACID; EPIDIDYMAL PROTEIN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; HUMAN BRAIN; RAT SPERM; DJ-1; EXPOSURE AB A decade ago a novel sperm protein associated with the fertility of sperm was discovered by quantifying individual proteins in the sperm membrane proteome of cauda epididymal sperm from rats exposed to epididymal toxicants that compromised the fertility of these sperm. Upon identification, this protein (SP22) was found to a ubiquitous, highly conserved protein never before observed in the male reproductive tract. The expression of SP22 in sperm appears driven by a testis specific mRNA transcript, and the molecule is translocated from the cytoplasmic droplet of rete testis sperm to the equatorial segment of epididymal and ejaculated sperm. The appearance of SP22 mRNA and protein coincide with the formation of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, respectively, and given this testis ontogeny of SP22, we validated its use as a biomarker of fertility by extending our studies to toxicants that target spermiogenesis. Studies of both epididymal and testicular toxicants now have demonstrated that compromised SP22 gene expression is sensitive and correlated with fertility. Importantly, this applies to ejaculated sperm as well as epididymal sperm. With the goal of developing a user-friendly diagnostic assay for SP22 on epididymal and ejaculated sperm, we are attempting to identify exposed, functional domains of the protein. For this, we have generated antibodies to both full length and truncated SP22 recombinants, as well as antibodies to synthetic SP22 peptides. Each antibody has been characterized for its ability to inhibit fertilization both in utero and in vitro. Linear epitope mapping has been done for each antibody, and synthetic peptides corresponding to each epitope have been used in competition experiments designed to elucidate exposure on the sperm surface and function. Most of the linear epitopes identified appear to be exposed although there are relative differences in the degree of their exposure. Interestingly, one of the exposed epitopes does not appear to be functional, at least by itself. Many more domains of the molecule need to be studied, but based on our findings with the epitopes already identified, it seems a combinatorial targeting strategy may be beneficial. If one assumes that the protein's role in fertility resides in a single exposed epitope, or some combination of exposed epitopes, such targeting may also ultimately lead to successful modulation of the fertilizing potential of sperm. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Klinefelter, GR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM klinefelter.gary@epa.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.021 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 284SJ UT WOS:000254725800008 PM 18215478 ER PT J AU Geller, AC Zwirn, J Rutsch, L Gorham, SA Viswanath, V Emmons, KM AF Geller, Alan C. Zwirn, Jodie Rutsch, Linda Gorham, Sue A. Viswanath, Vish Emmons, Karen M. TI Multiple levels of influence in the adoption of sun protection policies in elementary schools in Massachusetts SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN-CANCER; HEALTH AB Objective: To understand the factors that may influence sun protection policy development if the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines are to be realized. Design: Qualitative research methodology incorporating a socioecological framework using individual or small-group interviews, surveys, and environmental assessments with school superintendents, elementary school principals, elementary school nurses, and parent-teacher organization presidents and co-chairs as well as coding of school documents. Setting: Elementary schools in Massachusetts. Participants: Nine school superintendents, 18 elementary school principals, 18 elementary school nurses, and 16 parent-teacher organization presidents or co-chairs. Main Outcome Measures: Presence of school sun protection policies, sun protection curriculum, and communication portals for sun protection information to parents. Results: None of the schools in the 9 districts had a sun protection policy, and only 1 had any type of sun protection curriculum. However, nearly all principals were receptive to developing sun protection policies and to making structural changes to increase the amount of accessible shade if funding were available. Conclusions: The schools' communication infrastructure could provide a key portal for disseminating sun protection information to parents. Although there are other resources that could be brought to bear, many challenges must be surmounted to develop effective sun protection policies. C1 [Geller, Alan C.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Zwirn, Jodie] Ctr Commun Based Res, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Viswanath, Vish; Emmons, Karen M.] Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Rutsch, Linda] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gorham, Sue A.] SHADE Fdn Amer, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Geller, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, 720 Harrison Ave,DOB801A, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM ageller@bu.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 144 IS 4 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1001/archderm.144.4.491 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 288PW UT WOS:000254999300007 PM 18427043 ER PT J AU Eatough, DJ Grover, BD Woolwine, WR Eatough, NL Long, R Farber, R AF Eatough, Delbert J. Grover, Brett D. Woolwine, Woods R. Eatough, Norman L. Long, Russell Farber, Robert TI Source apportionment of 1 h semi-continuous data during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside (SOAR) using positive matrix factorization SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visibility, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Optics CY SEP 03-06, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE PMF2 source apportionment 1-h data; Los Angeles Basin; SOAR; PM2.5 mass and composition; aerosol mass spectrometer; ATOFMS and ToF-AMS data ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; PM2.5 MASS; PARTICLES; NONVOLATILE; COMPONENTS; SECONDARY; MONITOR AB Positive matrix factorization (PMF2) was used to elucidate sources of fine particulate material (PM2.5) for a study conducted during July and August 2005, in Riverside, CA. One-hour averaged semi-continuous measurements were made with a suite of instruments to provide PM2.5 mass and chemical composition data. Total PM2.5 mass concentrations (non-volatile plus semi-volatile) were measured with an R&P filter dynamic measurement system (FDMS TEOM) and a conventional TEOM monitor was used to measure non-volatile mass concentrations. PM2.5 chemical species monitors included a dual-oven Sunset monitor to measure both non-volatile and semi-volatile carbonaceous material, an ion chromatographic-based monitor to measure sulfate and nitrate and an Anderson Aethalometer to measure black carbon (BC). Gas phase data including CO, NO2, NOx and O-3 were also collected during the sampling period. In addition, single-particle measurements were made using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). Twenty different single-particle types consistent with those observed in previous ATOFMS studies in Riverside were identified for the PMF2 analysis. Finally, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (ToF-AMS) provided data on markers of primary and secondary organic aerosol. Two distinct PMF2 analyses were performed. In analysis 1, all the data except for the ATOFMS and ToF-AMS data were used in an initial evaluation of sources at Riverside during the study. PMF2 was able to identify six factors from the data set corresponding to both primary and secondary sources, primarily from automobile emissions, diesel emissions, secondary nitrate formation, a secondary photochemical associated source, organic emissions and Basin transported pollutants. In analysis 2, the ATOFMS and ToF-AMS data were included in the analysis. In the second analysis, PMF2 was able to identify 16 factors with a variety of both primary and secondary factors being identified, corresponding to both primary and secondary material from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Based on relationships with Basin meteorology, the PMF identified source profiles and diurnal patterns in the source concentrations, sources were identified as being of local origin or resulting from transport of pollutants across the Basin due to onshore flow. Good agreement was observed between the PMF2 predicted mass and the FDMS measured mass for both analyses. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eatough, Delbert J.; Grover, Brett D.; Woolwine, Woods R.; Eatough, Norman L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Long, Russell] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Farber, Robert] So Calif Edison Co, Rosemead, CA USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, E114 Benson Sci Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2706 EP 2719 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.038 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315IU UT WOS:000256872800014 ER PT J AU Kleeman, MJ Robert, MA Riddle, SG Fine, PM Hays, MD Schauer, JJ Hannigan, MP AF Kleeman, Michael J. Robert, Michael A. Riddle, Sarah G. Fine, Philip M. Hays, Michael D. Schauer, James J. Hannigan, Michael P. TI Size distribution of trace organic species emitted from biomass combustion and meat charbroiling SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE molecular marker; size distribution; ultrafine particle source apportionment ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; ATMOSPHERIC ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; GAS-PHASE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ROADWAY TUNNEL; EMISSIONS; POLLUTANTS; VEHICLES AB Size-resolved particulate matter emissions from pine, California oak, east coast oak, eucalyptus, rice straw, cigarette smoke, and meat cooking were analyzed for trace organic species using solvent-extraction followed by GC-MS analysis. Six particle size fractions were studied between 0.056, 0.1, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, and 1.8 mu m particle diameter. The smallest particle size fraction analyzed was in the ultrafine (Dp<0.1 mu m) range that has been implicated as a potential health concern. Fourteen PAHs were detected in the ultrafine size fraction of wood smoke with the most abundant species (benzo[ghi]fluoranthene) emitted at a rate of 0.2-0.4 (mg kg(-1) wood burned). Nine PAHs were detected in the ultrafine size fraction of rice straw smoke with the most abundant compound (benzo[a]pyrene) emitted at 0.01 (mg kg(-1) rice straw burned). The most abundant PAH measured in the ultrafine size fraction of cigarette smoke was benzo[ghi]fluoranthene (0.07 mg cigarette(-1)) followed closely by chrysene/triphenylene (0.06 mg cigarette 1). Besides PAHs, the most abundant compounds identified in the wood included levoglucosan (0.9) with the size distribution of particle-phase organic carbon (OC) and/or elemental carbon (EC). The only organic compounds besides PAHs detected in the ultrafine size fraction of rice straw and cigarette smoke were benz[de]anthracen-7-one (0.19 mg kg(-1) rice straw burned) and 4-methylphenylacetone (2.64 mg cigarette(-1)), respectively. Caffeine was measured in cigarette smoke size fractions >0.1 mu m with a total PM(1.8) emissions rate of 1 (mg cigarette(-1)). The most abundant organic species measured in meat cooking smoke was cholesterol with a size distribution that was highly correlated with both OC and EC. The concentration of each compound normalized by the concentration of total OC was relatively uniform for all particle sizes. Cholesterol and levoglucosan should prove to be useful tracers for meat cooking and wood smoke emissions in the ultrafine size range. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleeman, Michael J.; Robert, Michael A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riddle, Sarah G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fine, Philip M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kleeman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjkleeman@ucdavis.edu RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 13 BP 3059 EP 3075 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.044 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314YU UT WOS:000256845900013 ER PT J AU Nolte, CG Bhave, PV Arnold, JR Dennis, RL Zhang, KM Wexler, AS AF Nolte, Christopher G. Bhave, Prakash V. Arnold, Jeff R. Dennis, Robin L. Zhang, K. Max Wexler, Anthony S. TI Modeling urban and regional aerosols - Application of the CMAQ-UCD Aerosol Model to Tampa, a coastal urban site SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol modeling; size distribution; sea salt; BRACE; chloride depletion ID SOURCE-ORIENTED MODEL; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; AIR-POLLUTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ACID NEUTRALITY; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; EMISSIONS; VISIBILITY AB The University of California at Davis (UCD) aerosol module, an internally mixed, sectional aerosol model with dynamic mass transfer between the gas and particle phases, has been coupled to the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. This paper describes the application of the CMAQ-UCD model to simulate air quality in Tampa, a large city with a population of 2M on the west coast of Florida, USA. Modeled aerosol size and composition distributions are evaluated against size-segregated ambient measurements of SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, Na+, and Cl- collected at three Tampa-area sites during May 2002, and against semi-continuous HNO3 and total aerosol SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, and Cl- measurements collected at a single site. Sea-salt emissions over the open ocean and the surf zone are parameterized as a function of modeled wind speed and relative humidity. Modeled total aerosol sulfate and ammonium concentrations and size distributions agree with measurements, with an overall normalized mean bias (NMB) of 2% and -23% and normalized mean error (NME) of 46% and 38%, respectively, and correctly identifying the size bin in which the peak concentration is observed. Sea-salt size distributions are also simulated well, with the distribution dominated by the coarse mode and total aerosol sodium and chloride NMB of -2% and 17% and NME of 32% and 38%. Though the model correctly identifies that nitrate is predominantly in the coarse (D-p>2.5 mu m) size sections, aerosol nitrate concentrations are underpredicted by a factor of two. The availability of highly time-resolved measurements provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the model's partitioning of total nitrate and the simulation of chloride depletion as a function of particle size. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nolte, Christopher G.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Dennis, Robin L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Arnold, Jeff R.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, K. Max] Cornell Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Wexler, Anthony S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nolte, CG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM nolte.chris@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 13 BP 3179 EP 3191 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.059 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314YU UT WOS:000256845900022 ER PT J AU Walker, J Spence, P Kimbrough, S Robarge, W AF Walker, John Spence, Porche' Kimbrough, Sue Robarge, Wayne TI Inferential model estimates of ammonia dry deposition in the vicinity of a swine production facility SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality - State of the Science CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Potomac, MD DE ammonia; bi-directional flux; compensation point; dry deposition; resistance model ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; COMPENSATION POINT; SEMINATURAL VEGETATION; OILSEED RAPE; EXCHANGE; MOORLAND; SURFACE; LEAVES; FIELD; FLUX AB This project investigates NH3 dry deposition around a commercial swine production facility in eastern North Carolina. Passive diffusion-tube samplers were used to measure weekly integrated NH3 concentrations at 22 locations along horizontal gradients from the barn/lagoon emissions complex (source) out to a distance of 700m. A two-layer canopy compensation point model was used to predict bi-directional NH3 exchange within a 500 in circular buffer surrounding the source. The model takes into account differences in soil and vegetation emission potential, as well as canopy physical characteristics, among three primary surfaces surrounding the site: forest, crops spray fertilized with swine waste, and other fertilized crops. Between June 2003 and July 2005, mean observed NH3 concentrations ranged from 169.0 mu g NH3 m(-3) at a distance of 10 m from the source to 7.1 and 13.0 mu g NH3 m(-3) at 612 and 698 in in the predominant upwind and downwind directions, respectively. Median predicted dry deposition rates ranged from 145 kg NH3-N ha(-1) yr(-1) at 10 in from the source to 16 kg NH3-N ha(-1) yr(-1) at 500 in, which is approximate to 3.5 x wet deposition of NH4+-N. Assuming a steady-state emission factor of 7.0 kg NH3 animal(-1) yr(-1) and a median population of 4900 animals, NH3 dry deposition over the nearest 500 m from the barn/lagoon complex accounted for 10.4% (3567 kg NH3) of annual emissions (34,300 kg NH3). A model sensitivity analysis shows that predicted deposition rates are more sensitive to assumptions regarding cuticular uptake relative to soil and vegetation emission potentials. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walker, John; Kimbrough, Sue] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spence, Porche'; Robarge, Wayne] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Walker, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E305-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014; OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 3407 EP 3418 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WI UT WOS:000256561100017 ER PT J AU Westphal, MI Browne, M MacKinnon, K Noble, I AF Westphal, Michael I. Browne, Michael MacKinnon, Kathy Noble, Ian TI The link between international trade and the global distribution of invasive alien species SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE environmental externality; exotic species; regression tree; species richness; trade and environment ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ESTABLISHMENT; INVASIBILITY; RESISTANCE; SUCCESS; BIRDS AB Invasive alien species (IAS) exact large biodiversity and economic costs and are a significant component of human-induced, global environmental change. Previous studies looking at the variation in alien species across regions have been limited geographically or taxonomically or have not considered economics. We used a global invasive species database to regress IAS per-country on a suite of socioeconomic, ecological, and biogeographical variables. We varied the countries included in the regression tree analyses, in order to explore whether certain outliers were biasing the results, and in most of the cases, merchandise imports was the most important explanatory variable. The greater the degree of international trade, the higher the number of IAS. We also found a positive relationship between species richness and the number of invasives, in accord with other investigations at large spatial scales. Island status (overall), country area, latitude, continental position (New World versus Old World) or other measures of human disturbance (e.g., GDP per capita, population density) were not found to be important determinants of a country's degree of biological invasion, contrary to previous studies. Our findings also provide support to the idea that more resources for combating IAS should be directed at the introduction stage and that novel trade instruments need to be explored to account for this environmental externality. C1 [Westphal, Michael I.] US EPA, Off Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Westphal, Michael I.; MacKinnon, Kathy; Noble, Ian] World Bank, Dept Environm, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Browne, Michael] Univ Auckland, Invas Species Specialist Grp, World Conservat Union IUCN, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Westphal, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Off Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mwestphal@worldbank.org OI Browne, Michael/0000-0003-3718-0087 NR 37 TC 146 Z9 156 U1 12 U2 123 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9138-5 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275QO UT WOS:000254086900002 ER PT J AU Euliss, K Ho, CH Schwab, AP Rock, S Banks, AK AF Euliss, Katy Ho, Chi-Hua Schwab, A. P. Rock, Steve Banks, A. Katherine TI Greenhouse and field assessment of phytoremediation for petroleum contaminants in a riparian zone SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; plant; petroleum; contamination; soil ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOIL; REMEDIATION; RHIZOSPHERE AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of phytoremediation for clean-up of highly contaminated sediments from Indiana Harbor. In the greenhouse study, plant species evaluated were willow (Salix exigua), poplar (Populus spp.), eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), arrowhead (Sagitaria latifolia), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and sedge (Carex stricta). Sediments with sedge, switchgrass, and gamagrass had significantly less residual total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) after one year of growth (approximately 70% reduction) than sediments containing willow, poplar, or no plants (approximately 20% reduction). Although not all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) had concentration differences due to the presence of plants, residual pyrene concentrations in the unvegetated pots were significantly higher than in pots containing sedge, switchgrass, arrowhead, and gamagrass. As evaluated by TPH dissipation in the upper section of the pots, the sedge, switchgrass, and gamagrass treatments had higher TPH degradation than the unvegetated, willow and poplar treatments. These trends were similar for soil at the bottom of the pots, with the exception that in the switchgrass treatment, degradation was not significantly different than in the unvegetated soil. Two target contaminants, pyrene and benzo[b]fluoranthene, showed differences in degradation between planted and unvegetated treatments. In the field study, phytoremediation plant species were eastern gamagrass (T dactyloides), switchgrass (P. virgatum), and sedge (C stricta). In addition, rhizosphere characteristics of arrowhead (S. latifolia) and sedge were assessed. Arrowhead- and sedge-impacted soils were found to contain significantly more PAH-degrading bacteria than unvegetated soils. However, over the 12-month field study, no significant differences in contamination were found between the planted and unplanted soils for TPH and PAH concentrations. TPH concentrations near the canal were greater than concentrations further from the canal, indicating that the canal may have served as a continuous source of contamination during the study. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ho, Chi-Hua; Banks, A. Katherine] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Euliss, Katy; Schwab, A. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rock, Steve] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Banks, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kbanks@ecn.purdue.edu OI Schwab, Arthur/0000-0002-0702-6823 NR 15 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1961 EP 1971 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.055 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 260NA UT WOS:000253015800062 PM 17531475 ER PT J AU Kan, E Deshusses, MA AF Kan, Eunsung Deshusses, Marc A. TI Modeling of a foamed emulsion bioreactor: I. Model development and experimental validation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE VOC control; air pollution control; modeling; biologically activated foam; biodegradation ID LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; AIR-POLLUTION CONTROL; BIOTRICKLING FILTERS; TOLUENE DEGRADATION; COEFFICIENTS; BIOFILTERS; OPERATION; REMOVAL; BIOMASS; VAPORS AB Recently, a new type of bioreactor for air pollution control referred to as the foamed emulsion bioreactor (FEBR) has been developed. The process relies on the emulsion of an organic phase with a suspension of an actively growing culture of pollutant-degrading microorganisms, made into a foam with the air undergoing treatment. In the current paper, a diffusion and reaction model of the FEBR is presented and discussed. The model considers the fate of the volatile pollutant in the emulsion that constitutes the liquid films of the FEBR. Oxygen limitation as well as substrate inhibition were included in the biokinetic relationships. The removal of toluene vapors served for the validation of the model. All the model parameters were determined by independent experiments or taken from the literature. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and the model provided useful insights on the phenomena occurring in the FEBR. Model parametric sensitivity studies and further discussion of the factors that limit the performance of the FEBR are presented in Part 2 of this paper. C1 [Kan, Eunsung; Deshusses, Marc A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kan, Eunsung] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. RP Deshusses, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mdeshuss@engr.ucr.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1096 EP 1106 DI 10.1002/bit.21666 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 273JI UT WOS:000253925800006 PM 17929315 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Govind, R AF Fang Yuanxiang Govind Rakesh TI A new Thiele's modulus for the Monod biofilm model SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Monod biofilm; kinetic model; effectiveness factor; Thieles modulus; generalized concentration profiles ID BIOLOGICAL RATE-EQUATION; PSEUDOANALYTICAL SOLUTION; MICROBIAL FILMS; MASS-TRANSFER; KINETICS; EXPRESSION; REACTORS; REMOVAL AB A new Thiele's modulus, phi(F), was developed to provide a gradual transition between zero and the first order of kinetics, and to accurately calculate the mass transfer flux and the effectiveness factor for the Monod biofilm. Values of the effectiveness factor, calculated using the new Thiele's modulus, were compared with those obtained from numerical solutions and from other published moduli and empirical formulae. The comparison indicated that the new Thiele's modulus was the best modulus for the Monod biofilm model. In addition, another Thiele's modulus, phi(G), was developed for a Monod biofilm, covered with an external water layer. The overall effectiveness factor can also be calculated by using both moduli phi(F) and phi(G). The criteria that were proposed for identification were based on the values of phi(F) and phi(G), the limiting processes for biomass growth, and substrate conversion. Developed from phi(F), a new parameter psi was related uniquely to such features as the depth and shallowness of the generalized substrate concentration profiles inside a Monod biofilm. Criteria were developed to identify the types of concentration distribution inside a Monod biofilm. These methods were used to estimate the substrate flux and the concentration distribution of the biofilms defined in the first benchmark problem (BM 1), by a task group of the International Water Association on Biofilm Modeling. C1 [Fang Yuanxiang] US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Govind Rakesh] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Fang, YX (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fangjames@hotmail.com NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO. 3 HUIXINLI CHAOYANGQU, BEIJING 100029, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1004-9541 J9 CHINESE J CHEM ENG JI Chin. J. Chem. Eng. PD APR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S1004-9541(08)60075-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 300RC UT WOS:000255841900019 ER PT J AU Pucheu-Haston, CM Jackson, HA Olivry, T Dunston, SM Hammerberg, B AF Pucheu-Haston, C. M. Jackson, H. A. Olivry, T. Dunston, S. M. Hammerberg, B. TI Epicutaneous sensitization with Dermatophagoides farinae induces generalized allergic dermatitis and elevated mite-specific immunoglobulin E levels in a canine model of atopic dermatitis SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE allergy; animal models; atopic dermatitis; atopy; Dermatophagoides farinae; dogs; skin (dermatology) immunology ID HOUSE-DUST MITE; ACVD TASK-FORCE; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; SKIN; DER-P-1; DOGS; IGE; PERMEABILITY AB Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a cutaneous hypersensitivity associated with elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE, commonly to house dust mites (HDMs). It remains controversial as to whether sensitization and clinical disease are induced by cutaneous exposure to HDM. Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether repeated applications of Dermatophagoides farinae slurry to intact skin of Maltese-Beagle atopic (MAB) dogs would result in the development of clinical signs or lesions resembling spontaneous canine AD, to determine whether repeated slurry applications would induce elevations in mite-specific IgE and/or IgG, and to determine whether mite antigens could be demonstrated within the dermis of application sites. Methods Dogs received weekly slurry applications to the axilla and groin, and were patch tested at 120 days, or were patch tested at days 1, 60 and 120, but did not receive further slurry applications. Skin biopsies and serum samples were obtained on days 1, 60 and 120. Results Pruritic dermatitis was seen in all dogs by day 60. D. farinae-specific IgE was elevated by day 60. Histologic examination of early application sites revealed mild, mononuclear perivascular dermatitis. Later application sites were characterized by a dense inflammatory infiltrate and oedema in both the dermis and the epidermis. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the presence of D. farinae antigens in the dermis. Conclusion This study demonstrated that epicutaneous application of HDM slurry to MAB dogs results in elevations of HDM-specific IgE, localized and generalized pruritic dermatitis resembling spontaneous canine AD, and histologic changes typical of IgE-driven inflammation. We feel that these results suggest that epicutaneous exposure to allergen may play an important role during both the sensitization and the perpetuation of AD, and provide support for the use of a canine model in the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD. C1 [Pucheu-Haston, C. M.; Dunston, S. M.; Hammerberg, B.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Jackson, H. A.; Olivry, T.; Dunston, S. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Pucheu-Haston, CM (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Pucheu-Haston.Cherie@epa.gov RI Olivry, Thierry/E-3289-2013; Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/D-8322-2015 OI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/0000-0003-1916-7188 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02949.x PG 13 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 275ET UT WOS:000254055400016 PM 18307530 ER PT J AU Banta, ER Hill, MC Poeter, E Doherty, JE Babendreler, J AF Banta, Edward R. Hill, Mary C. Poeter, Eileen Doherty, John E. Babendreler, Justin TI Building model analysis applications with the Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability (JUPITER) API SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sensitivity; uncertainty; calibration; optimization; model discrimination AB The open-source, public domain JUPITER (Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability) API (Application Programming Interface) provides conventions and Fortran-90 modules to develop applications (computer programs) for analyzing process models. The input and output conventions allow application users to access various applications and the analysis methods they embody with a minimum of time and effort. Process models simulate, for example, physical, chemical, and (or) biological systems of interest using phenomenological, theoretical, or heuristic approaches. The types of model analyses supported by the JUPITER API include, but are not limited to, sensitivity analysis. data needs assessment, calibration, uncertainty analysis, model discrimination, and optimization. The advantages provided by the JUPITER API for users and programmers allow for rapid programming and testing of new ideas. Application-specific coding can be in languages other than the Fortran-90 of the API. This article briefly describes the capabilities and utility of the JUPITER API, lists existing applications, and uses UCODE_2005 as an example. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hill, Mary C.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Banta, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Doherty, John E.] Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Babendreler, Justin] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), USGS, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM erbanta@usgs.gov; mchill@usgs.gov; epoeter@mines.edu; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au; babendreierjustin@epa.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.016 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 265NC UT WOS:000253365200002 ER PT J AU Wright, RO Fields, N AF Wright, Robert O. Fields, Nigel TI Therapeutics and toxicology SO CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wright, Robert O.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fields, Nigel] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wright, RO (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Childrens Hosp, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rowright@hsph.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-8703 J9 CURR OPIN PEDIATR JI CURR. OPIN. PEDIATR. PD APR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 171 EP 171 DI 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f56b91 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 285RC UT WOS:000254792900011 PM 18332713 ER PT J AU Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Striz, E Gold, AJ AF Kaushal, Sujay S. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Striz, Elise Gold, Arthur J. TI Effects of stream restoration on denitrification in an urbanizing watershed SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; USA; eutrophication; nitrogen; stream restoration; urbanization ID PUSH-PULL TEST; RIPARIAN FOREST; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITRATE REMOVAL; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-RETENTION; HEADWATER STREAMS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; NORTHEASTERN USA; LOWLAND STREAMS AB Increased delivery of nitrogen due to urbanization and stream ecosystem degradation is contributing to eutrophication in coastal regions of the eastern United States. We tested whether geomorphic restoration involving hydrologic "reconnection'' of a stream to its floodplain could increase rates of denitrification at the riparian-zone-stream interface of an urban stream in Baltimore, Maryland. Rates of denitrification measured using in situ N-15 tracer additions were spatially variable across sites and years and ranged from undetectable to > 200 mu g N center dot( kg sediment)(-1) center dot d(-1). Mean rates of denitrification were significantly greater in the restored reach of the stream at 77.4 +/- 12.6 mu g N center dot kg(-1) center dot d(-1) ( mean 6 SE) as compared to the unrestored reach at 34.8 +/- 8.0 mu g N center dot kg(-1) center dot d(-1). Concentrations of nitrate-N in groundwater and stream water in the restored reach were also significantly lower than in the unrestored reach, but this may have also been associated with differences in sources and hydrologic flow paths. Riparian areas with low, hydrologically "connected'' streambanks designed to promote flooding and dissipation of erosive force for storm water management had substantially higher rates of denitrification than restored high "nonconnected'' banks and both unrestored low and high banks. Coupled measurements of hyporheic groundwater flow and in situ denitrification rates indicated that up to 1.16 mg NO3--N could be removed per liter of groundwater flow through one cubic meter of sediment at the riparian-zone-stream interface over a mean residence time of 4.97 d in the unrestored reach, and estimates of mass removal of nitrate-N in the restored reach were also considerable. Mass removal of nitrate-N appeared to be strongly influenced by hydrologic residence time in unrestored and restored reaches. Our results suggest that stream restoration designed to "reconnect'' stream channels with floodplains can increase denitrification rates, that there can be substantial variability in the efficacy of stream restoration designs, and that more work is necessary to elucidate which designs can be effective in conjunction with watershed strategies to reduce nitrate-N sources to streams. C1 [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.; Striz, Elise] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Res Management Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Gold, Arthur J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Kaushal, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 1 Williams St,POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM kaushal@cbl.umccs.edu RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013 OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189 NR 76 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 10 U2 98 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 789 EP 804 DI 10.1890/07-1159.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294WR UT WOS:000255437500020 PM 18488635 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Stolz, U Miller, NJ Waits, ER Guillemaud, T Sumerford, DV Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Stolz, Uwe Miller, Nicholas J. Waits, Eric R. Guillemaud, Thomas Sumerford, Douglas V. Sappington, Thomas W. TI A core set of microsatellite markers for western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) population genetics studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; western corn rootworm; microsatellites; population genetics; DNA markers ID EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; CROP-ROTATION; LOCI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; NEUTRALITY; DIVERSITY; RESISTANT AB Interest in the ecological and population genetics of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has grown rapidly in the last few years in North America and Europe. This interest is a result of a number of converging issues related to the increasing difficulty in managing this pest and the need to characterize and understand gene flow in the context of insect resistance management. One of the key components needed for successful population genetics studies is the availability of suitable molecular markers. Using a standard group of microsatellite markers enables researchers from different laboratories to directly compare and share their data, reducing duplication of effort and facilitating collaborative work among laboratories. We screened 22 candidate microsatellite loci against five criteria to create a core set of microsatellite markers for D. v. virgifera population genetics studies. The criteria for inclusion were moderate to high polymorphism, unambiguous readability and repeatability, no evidence of null alleles, apparent selective neutrality, and no linkage between loci. Based on our results, we recommend six microsatellite markers to be included as a core set in future population genetics studies of D. v. virgifera along with any other microsatellite or genetic markers. As more microsatellites are developed,. those meeting the criteria can be added to the core set. We encourage other groups of researchers with common interests in a particular insect species to develop their own core sets of markers for population genetics applications. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Miller, Nicholas J.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Sappington, Thomas W.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stolz, Uwe; Waits, Eric R.] US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Miller, Nicholas J.; Guillemaud, Thomas] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, INRA, UMR ROSE 1112, Equipe Biol Populat & Interact, Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[293:ACSOMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400002 PM 18419899 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Rusyn, I Richard, A Tropsha, A AF Zhu, Hao Rusyn, Ivan Richard, Ann Tropsha, Alexander TI Use of cell viability assay data improves the prediction accuracy of conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship models of animal carcinogenicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; computational toxicology; high-throughput screening ID K-NEAREST-NEIGHBOR; NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; IN-SILICO PREDICTION; QSAR MODELS; QSPR MODELS; SELECTION; TOXICITY; AGENTS; INDEX; VALIDATION AB BACKGROUND: To develop efficient approaches for rapid evaluation of chemical toxicity and human health risk of environmental compounds, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in collaboration with the National Center for Chemical Genomics has initiated a project on high-throughput screening (HTS) of environmental chemicals. The first HTS results for a set of 1,408 compounds tested for their effects on cell viability in six different cell lines have recently become available via PubChem. OBJECTIVES: We have explored these data in terms of their utility for predicting adverse health effects of the environmental agents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Initially, the classification k nearest neighbor (kNN) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling method was applied to the HTS data only, for a curated data set of 384 compounds. The resulting models had prediction accuracies for training, test (containing 275 compounds together), and external validation (109 compounds) sets as high as 89%, 71%, and 74%, respectively. We then asked if HTS results could be of value in predicting rodent carcinogenicity. We identified 383 compounds for which data were available from both the Berkeley Carcinogenic Potency Database and NTP-HTS studies. We found that compounds classified by HTS as "actives" in at least one cell line were likely to be rodent carcinogens (sensitivity 77%); however, HTS "inactives" were far less informative (specificity 46%). Using chemical descriptors only, kNN QSAR modeling resulted in 62.3% prediction accuracy for rodent carcinogenicity applied to this data set. Importantly, the prediction accuracy of the model was significantly improved (72.7%) when chemical descriptors were augmented by HTS data, which were regarded as biological descriptors. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest that combining NTP-HTS profiles with conventional chemical descriptors could considerably improve the predictive power of computational approaches in toxicology. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Rusyn, Ivan; Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Bioinformat Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Lab Mol Modeling, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Richard, Ann] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Tropsha, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Bioinformat Res Ctr, Campus Box 7360,327 Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alex_tropsha@unc.edu RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES005948, P42 ES005948]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R21 GM076059, GM076059] NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 4 BP 506 EP 513 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 282KL UT WOS:000254566500034 PM 18414635 ER PT J AU Knightes, CD AF Knightes, Christopher D. TI Development and test application of a screening-level mercury fate model and tool for evaluating wildlife exposure risk for surface waters with mercury-contaminated sediments (SERAFM) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; cycling; steady-state; process-based; modelling; ecological risk assessment; contaminated sediments; SERAFM ID MASS-BALANCE; SUDBURY RIVER; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; NATURAL-WATERS; LAKE-ONTARIO; GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; MASSACHUSETTS AB Complex chemical cycling of mercury in aquatic ecosystems means that tracing the linkage between anthropogenic and natural loadings of mercury to watersheds and water bodies and associated concentrations in the environment are difficult to establish without the assistance of numerical models that describe biogeochemical controls on mercury distribution and availability to organisms. This paper presents an overview of a process-based, steady-state model developed for state and water quality managers and scientists to assist in ecological risk assessments for mercury in aquatic environments. SERAFM (Spreadsheet-based Ecological Risk Assessment for the Fate of Mercury) incorporates the chemical, physical, and biological processes governing mercury transport and fate in a surface water including atmospheric deposition, watershed transport and transformation, solid transport and cycling within the water body, and water body mercury processes. This modelling framework was designed to assist risk assessors in evaluating wildlife risk at the screening-level for an aquatic ecosystem with mercury-contaminated sediments. An example application of the model that is used to inform a regional risk assessment is presented in this manuscript. In the example provided, hazard quotients for exposed wildlife and humans are calculated by the model for three scenarios: historical case of mercury-contaminated sediments, required clean-up levels to protect the most sensitive species, and background conditions. The spreadsheet structure of SERAFM permits dismantling and reassembling of specific sub-modules, while maintaining transparency to permit flexibility in use and application. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knightes, Christopher D.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Knightes, CD (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA USA. EM knightes.chris@epa.gov NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 495 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.07.002 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244WY UT WOS:000251897200011 ER PT J AU Olivas, Y Faulkner, BR AF Olivas, Yolanda Faulkner, Barton R. TI Fecal source tracking by antibiotic resistance analysis on a watershed exhibiting low resistance SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA); antibiotic resistance (AR); average rate of correct classification (ARCC); discriminant analysis (DA); Escherichia coli (E. coli); fecal contamination; microbial source tracking (MST); misclassification; multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOTYPES; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; POLLUTION SOURCES; CONTAMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; STEERS; STREPTOCOCCI; VARIABILITY AB The ongoing development of microbial source tracking has made it possible to identify contamination sources with varying accuracy, depending on the method used. The purpose of this study was to test the efficiency of the antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA) method under low resistance by tracking the fecal sources at Turkey Creek, Oklahoma exhibiting this condition. The resistance patterns of 772 water-isolates, tested with nine antibiotics, were analyzed by discriminant analysis (DA) utilizing a five-source library containing 2250 isolates. The library passed various representativeness tests; however, two of the pulled-sample tests suggested insufficient sampling. The resubstitution test of the library individual sources showed significant isolate misclassification with an average rate of correct classification (ARCC) of 58%. These misclassifications were explained by low antibiotic resistance (Wilcoxon test P < 0.0001). Seasonal DA of stream E. coli isolates for the pooled sources human/livestock/deer indicated that in fall, the human source dominated (P < 0.0001) at a rate of 56%, and that human and livestock respective contributions in winter (35 and 39%), spring (43 and 40%), and summer (37 and 35%) were similar. Deer scored lower (17-28%) than human and livestock at every season. The DA was revised using results from a misclassification analysis to provide a perspective of the effect caused by low antibiotic resistance and a more realistic determination of the fecal source rates at Turkey Creek. The revision increased livestock rates by 13-14% (0.04 <= P <= 0.06), and decreased human and deer by 6-7%. Negative misclassification into livestock was significant (0.04 <= P <= 0.06). Low antibiotic resistance showed the greatest effect in this category. C1 [Olivas, Yolanda; Faulkner, Barton R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Olivas, Y (reprint author), POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM olivas.yolanda@epa.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9805-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270XR UT WOS:000253754000002 PM 17562197 ER PT J AU Lussier, SM da Silva, SN Charpentier, M Heltshe, JF Cormier, SM Klemm, DJ Chintala, M Jayaraman, S AF Lussier, Suzanne M. da Silva, Sara N. Charpentier, Michael Heltshe, James F. Cormier, Susan M. Klemm, Donald J. Chintala, Marnita Jayaraman, Saro TI The influence of suburban land use on habitat and biotic integrity of coastal Rhode Island streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE assessment; land use; monitoring; streams; urbanization ID WATERSHED URBANIZATION; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; HEADWATER STREAMS; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; QUALITY; SCALE; COMMUNITIES; COVER; CONSEQUENCES; LANDSCAPES AB Watershed land use in suburban areas can affect stream biota through degradation of instream habitat, water quality, and riparian vegetation. By monitoring stream biotic communities in various geographic regions, we can better understand and conserve our watershed ecosystems. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between watershed land use and the integrity of benthic invertebrate communities in eight streams that were assessed over a 3-year period (2001-2003). Sites were selected from coastal Rhode Island watersheds along a residential land-use gradient (4-59%). Using the rapid bioassessment protocol, we collected biological, physicochemical, habitat, and nutrient data from wadeable stream reaches and compared metrics of structure and integrity. Principal component analyses showed significant negative correlation of indicators for stream physicochemical, habitat, and instream biodiversity with increasing residential land use (RLU) in the watershed. The physicochemical variables that were most responsive to percent RLU were conductivity, instream habitat, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The positive correlation of DIN with percent RLU indicated an anthropogenic source of pollution affecting the streams. The biotic composition of the streams shifted from sensitive to insensitive taxa as percent RLU increased; the most responsive biological variables were percent Ephemeroptera, percent Scrapers, percent Insects, and the Hilsenhoff biotic index. These data show the importance of land management and conservation at the watershed scale to sustaining the biotic integrity of coastal stream ecosystems. C1 [Lussier, Suzanne M.; Chintala, Marnita; Jayaraman, Saro] US EPA, AED, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [da Silva, Sara N.] LLC, Pope & Voorhis, Nelson, Melville, NY USA. [Charpentier, Michael] US EPA, AED, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Heltshe, James F.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Klemm, Donald J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Cormier, Susan M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lussier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, AED, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lussier.suzanne@epa.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9820-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270XR UT WOS:000253754000011 PM 17564795 ER PT J AU Roman, HA Walker, KD Walsh, TL Conner, L Richmond, HM Hubbell, BJ Kinney, PL AF Roman, Henry A. . Walker, Katherine D. Walsh, Tyra L. Conner, Lisa Richmond, Harvey M. Hubbell, Bryan J. Kinney, Patrick L. TI Expert judgment assessment of the mortality impact of changes in ambient fine particulate matter in the US SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY; CITIES AB In this paper, we present findings from a multiyear expert judgment study that comprehensively characterizes uncertainty in estimates of mortality reductions associated with decreases in tine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the U.S. Appropriate characterization of uncertainty is critical because mortality-related benefits represent up to 90% of the monetized benefits reported in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) analyses of proposed air regulations. Numerous epidemiological and toxicological studies have evaluated the PM2.5-mortality association and investigated issues that may contribute to uncertainty in the concentration-response (C-R) function, such as exposure misclassification and potential confounding from other pollutant exposures. EPA's current uncertainty analysis methods rely largely on standard errors in published studies. However, no one study tan capture the full suite of issues that arise in quantifying the C-R relationship. Therefore, EPA has applied state-of-the-art expert judgment elicitation techniques to develop probabilistic uncertainty distributions that reflect the broader array of uncertainties in the C-R relationship. These distributions, elicited from 12 of the world's leading experts on this issue, suggest both potentially larger central estimates of mortality reductions for decreases in long-term PM2.5 exposure in the U.S. and a wider distribution of uncertainty than currently employed in EPA analyses. C1 [Roman, Henry A. .; Walker, Katherine D.; Walsh, Tyra L.] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Conner, Lisa; Richmond, Harvey M.; Hubbell, Bryan J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kinney, Patrick L.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Roman, HA (reprint author), Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM har@indecon.com RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; OI Hubbell, Bryan/0000-0002-7963-3438 NR 19 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2268 EP 2274 DI 10.1021/es0713882 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800012 PM 18504952 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Fritz, KM Johnson, BR Lazorchak, JM McCormico, FH AF Walters, David M. Fritz, Ken M. Johnson, Brent R. Lazorchak, James M. McCormico, Frank H. TI Influence of trophic position and spatial location on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation in a stream food web SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONCENTRATIONS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; STABLE NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; BIOMAGNIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; PERIPHYTON; CONGENERS; PATTERNS AB We tested the ability of delta N-15-derived trophic position (TP) to predict polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in a historically contaminated stream (Twelvemile Creek, SC). We analyzed sediment, four types of organic matter, 27 macroinvertebrate taxa, and 25 fish species from six sites spanning 25 stream km. Sigma PCBs were high across sites (mean fish = 2505 ng g(-1) wet), with little spatial variation in concentrations within a trophic level. Sigma PCBs (wet weight) were significantly positively correlated with TP (r(2) = 0.56) and lipids (r(2) = 0.44), and concentrations increased 1-2 orders of magnitude among trophic levels. After adjusting for lipids, we calculated a food web magnification factor of 1.6 for Sigma PCBs, which is low compared to marine and lentic food webs. The predictive power of TP for individual congeners increased with K-ow (octanol-water partition coefficient), with regression slope similar to 0.48 and r(2) similar to 0.70 for K-ow > 6.5. The proportion of high K-ow compounds increased with distance from the source and with trophic position. Spatial variation in congener patterns was high, in contrast to marine and lentic systems where variation is typically low. C1 [Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.; Johnson, Brent R.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McCormico, Frank H.] USDA Forest Serv, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W MLK Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013; OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2316 EP 2322 DI 10.1021/es0715849 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800019 PM 18504959 ER PT J AU Ackerman, LK Schwindt, AR Simonich, SLM Koch, DC Blett, TF Schreck, CB Kent, ML Landers, DH AF Ackerman, Luke K. Schwindt, Adam R. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Koch, Dan C. Blett, Tamara F. Schreck, Carl B. Kent, Michael L. Landers, Dixon H. TI Atmospherically deposited PBDEs, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs in Western US National Park fish: Concentrations and consumption guidelines SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; CANADIAN-ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; TROUT; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION AB Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in 136 fish from 14 remote lakes in 8 western U.S. National Parks/Preserves between 2003 and 2005 and compared to human and wildlife contaminant health thresholds. A sensitive (median detection limit, -18 pg/g wet weight), efficient (61% recovery at 8 ng/g), reproducible (4.1% relative standard deviation (RSD)), and accurate (7% deviation from standard reference material (SRM)) analytical method was developed and validated for these analyses. Concentrations of PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, DOTS, and chlordanes in western U.S. fish were comparable to or lower than mountain fish recently collected from Europe, Canada, and Asia. Dieldrin and PBDE concentrations were higher than recent measurements in mountain fish and Pacific Ocean salmon. Concentrations of most contaminants in western U.S. fish were 1-6 orders of magnitude below calculated recreational fishing contaminant health thresholds. However, lake average contaminant concentrations in fish exceeded subsistence fishing cancer thresholds in 8 of 14 lakes and wildlife contaminant health thresholds for piscivorous birds in 1of 14 lakes. These results indicate that atmospherically deposited organic contaminants can accumulate in high elevation fish, reaching concentrations relevant to human and wildlife health. C1 [Ackerman, Luke K.; Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schwindt, Adam R.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey; Koch, Dan C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blett, Tamara F.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97335 USA. RP Simonich, SLM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM staci.simonich@orst.edu RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011 OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000210, P30ES00210] NR 45 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2334 EP 2341 DI 10.1021/es702348j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800022 PM 18504962 ER PT J AU Hays, MD Beck, L Barfield, P Lavrich, RJ Dong, YJ Vander Wal, RL AF Hays, Michael D. Beck, Lee Barfield, Pamela Lavrich, Richard J. Dong, Yuanji Vander Wal, Randy L. TI Physical and chemical characterization of residential oil boiler emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; FUEL-OIL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOL EMISSIONS; COMBUSTION; SAMPLER; MATTER; MASS AB The toxicity of emissions from the combustion of home heating oil coupled with the regional proximity and seasonal use of residential oil boilers (ROB) is an important public health concern. Yet scant physical and chemical information about the emissions from this source is available for climate and air quality modeling and for improving our understanding of aerosol-related human health effects. The gas- and particle-phase emissions from an active ROB firing distillate fuel oil (commonly known as diesel fuel) were evaluated to address this deficiency. Ion chromatography of impactor samples showed that the ultrafine ROB aerosol emissions were similar to 45% (w/w) sulfate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected various n-alkanes at trace levels, sometimes in accumulation mode particles, and out of phase with the size distributions of aerosol mass and sulfate. The carbonaceous matter in the ROB aerosol was primarily light-adsorbing elemental carbon. Gas chromatography-atomic emission spectroscopy measured a previously unrecognized organosulfur compound group in the ROB aerosol emissions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of ROB soot indicated the presence of a highly ordered primary particle nanostructure embedded in larger aggregates. Organic gas emissions were measured using EPA Methods TO-15 and TO-11A. The ROB emitted volatile oxygenates (8 mg/(kg of oil burned)) and olefins (5 mg/(kg of oil burned)) mostly unrelated to the base fuel composition. In the final analysis, the ROB tested was a source of numerous hazardous air pollutants as defined in the Clean Air Act Amendments. Approximations conducted using emissions data from the ROB tests show relatively low contributions to a regional-level anthropogenic emissions inventory for volitile organic compounds, PM2.5, and SO2 mass. C1 [Hays, Michael D.; Beck, Lee; Barfield, Pamela; Lavrich, Richard J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dong, Yuanji] ARCADIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vander Wal, Randy L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2496 EP 2502 DI 10.1021/es071598e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800047 PM 18504987 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Hakk, H Smith, DJ Diliberto, JJ Richardson, V Stapleton, HM Birnbaum, LS AF Huwe, Janice K. Hakk, Heldur Smith, David J. Diliberto, Janet J. Richardson, Vicki Stapleton, Heather M. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Comparative absorption and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers following ingestion via dust and oil in male rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; IN-HOUSE DUST; HUMAN EXPOSURE; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; TISSUE DISPOSITION; COMMON CARP; PBDE LEVELS AB Household dust has been implicated as a major source of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure in humans. This finding has important implications for young children, who tend to ingest more dust than adults and may be more susceptible to some of the putative developmental effects of PBDEs. Absorption parameters of PBDEs from ingested dust are unknown; therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine and to compare the uptake of PBDEs from either household dust (NIST Standard Reference Material 2585) or a corn oil solution. Male rats were administered dust or corn oil doses at 1 or 6 mu g of PBDEs kg(-1) body wt in the diet for 21 days (n = 4 rats per group). The concentrations of 15 PBDEs were measured in adipose tissue and liver from each treatment group and showed that bioconcentration was congener dependent, but for the majority of congeners, the concentrations did not differ with either dose level or dose vehicle. Hepatic Cyp2b1 and 2b2 mRNA expression increased in rats receiving the higher PBDE doses, suggesting potential effects on metabolic activity. Retention of PBDEs in tissues ranged from <5% of the dose for BDE-209 to 70% for BDEs-47, 100, and 153 but generally did not differ between the high dust and high oil treatment groups. Excretion via the feces was significantly lower in the high oil dosed rats suggesting differences in absorption, excretion, and/or metabolism. The present study shows that PBDEs in dust are readily bioavailable and are biologically active, as indicated by increased transcription of hepatic enzymes. C1 [Huwe, Janice K.; Hakk, Heldur; Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Diliberto, Janet J.; Richardson, Vicki; Birnbaum, Linda S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Janice.Huwe@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2694 EP 2700 DI 10.1021/es702644k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800078 PM 18505018 ER PT J AU Barber, MC AF Barber, M. Craig TI Dietary uptake models used for modeling the bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE bioaccumulation; model; dietary uptake; assimilation efficiencies; fish ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIVES; AQUATIC FOOD-WEBS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; 3 WATERBORNE CHLOROETHANES; ISOLATED-PERFUSED GILLS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; MASS-BALANCE MODELS; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE AB Numerous models have been developed to predict the bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in fish. Although chemical dietary uptake can be modeled using assimilation efficiencies, bioaccumulation models fall into two distinct groups. The first group implicitly assumes that assimilation efficiencies describe the net chemical exchanges between fish and their food. These models describe chemical elimination as a lumped process that is independent of the fish's egestion rate or as a process that does not require an explicit fecal excretion term. The second group, however, explicitly assumes that assimilation efficiencies describe only actual chemical uptake and formulates chemical fecal and gill excretion as distinct, thermodynamically driven processes. After reviewing the derivations and assumptions of the algorithms that have been used to describe chemical dietary uptake of fish, their application, as implemented in 16 published bioaccumulation models, is analyzed for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), walleye (Sander vitreus = Stizostedion vitreum), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that bioaccumulate an unspecified, poorly metabolized, hydrophobic chemical possessing a log K-OW of 6.5 (i.e., a chemical similar to a pentachlorobiphenyl). C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Barber, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM barber.craig@epa.gov NR 155 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 755 EP 777 DI 10.1897/07-462.1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 273RX UT WOS:000253950500001 PM 18333698 ER PT J AU Wetz, MS Paerl, HW AF Wetz, Michael S. Paerl, Hans W. TI Estuarine phytoplankton responses to hurricanes and tropical storms with different characteristics (trajectory, rainfall, winds) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; estuary; storms; nutrients; mixing; freshwater input ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; NORTH-CAROLINA; WATER-QUALITY; TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PAMLICO SOUND; USA; PATTERNS; BIOMASS AB We examined the short-term (< 1 month post-storm) impact of storms [Tropical Storm (TS) Helene in 2000, Hurricane (H) Isabel in 2003, H Alex, Tropical Depression (TD) Bonnie and TS Charley in 2004] varying in their trajectory, wind and rainfall characteristics, on water column structure, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass in North Carolina's Neuse R. Estuary (NRE). Data are presented from two sampling programs, ModMon (biweekly) and FerryMon (measurements made every 3 min daily). Helene's winds mixed the previously stratified water column, delivering sediment-bound nutrients to the euphotic zone, and localized freshwater input from Helene was also evident. Mean chlorophyll a concentrations in the mesohaline portion of the NRE, where N was strongly limiting before the storm (molar DIN:DIP < 1), more than doubled after the storm. Unlike with Helene, the water column was well mixed before passage of Isabel, and nutrient concentrations were high. As a result, minimal impact on phytoplankton biomass was detected despite Isabel's high winds and significant freshwater input. In fact, conditions became less favorable for phytoplankton growth after the storm. Alex was fast moving and relatively small, but its winds were sufficient to mix the water column. Although data from ModMon suggest that chlorophyll a was only slightly higher after passage of Alex, FerryMon detected an ephemeral bloom that was missed by ModMon. Overall, these results suggest that relatively small tropical storms and hurricanes can lead to significant increases in phytoplankton biomass. However, the phytoplankton response depends on both the characteristics of a particular storm and the physical-chemical conditions of the water column before storm passage. Finally, the ephemeral bloom that developed as a result of Alex, the strong response of phytoplankton in the mesohaline portion of the estuary to nutrient inputs, and their patchiness on several other occasions suggests that storms may create "hot spots" for trophic transfer and biogeochemical dynamics in estuaries. Adaptive sampling is necessary to capture these features and to fully understand the impact of perturbations such as storms on estuarine ecosystem functioning. C1 [Wetz, Michael S.; Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Wetz, Michael S.] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wetz, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM wetz@email.unc.edu NR 39 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9034-y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CC UT WOS:000253696500016 ER PT J AU Laali, KK Okazaki, T Sultana, F Bunge, SD Banik, BK Swartz, C AF Laali, Kenneth K. Okazaki, Takao Sultana, Fatima Bunge, Scott D. Banik, Bimal K. Swartz, Carol TI Stable-ion NMR and GIAO-DFT study of the carbocations from benzofluorenes and dibenzofluorenes; Synthesis of nitro derivatives; Mutagenicity assay and X-ray analysis SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbocations; benzo- and dibenzofluorenes; nitro derivatives; mutagenicity; NMR and DFT ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FJORD-REGION DISTORTIONS; BAY-REGION; COAL-TAR; SUBSTITUENT; CARCINOGEN; COMPONENT AB First examples of stable carbocations are reported from 7H-benzo[c]fluorene (2), 11H-benzo[b]fluorene (3), 11H-benzo-[a]fluorene (4), 2-methoxy- (5), 7-methoxy- (6), and 9-methoxy-11H-benzo[a]fluorene (7), 7H-dibenzo[c,g]fluorene (8), 13H-dibenzo[a,g]fluorene (9), 2-methoxy-13H-dibenzo[a,g]fluorene (10) and 5,6-dihydro-13H-dibenzo[a,g]fluorene (11). Charge- delocalization modes in the resulting carbocations were derived based on experimental and/or computed (GIAO-DFT) Delta delta(13)C values and through the NPA-derived changes in charges (Delta q). Whereas protonation regioselectivity in the parent systems (2, 3, 4, 8, and 9) corresponds to the energetically most favored carbocations computed by DFT, selectivity in the OMe-substituted derivatives (5, 6, 7, 10, and 11) is strongly controlled by the methoxy group. Benzofluorenes 3, 5, 6, and 7 and dibenzofluorenes 8, and 10 were nitrated under very mild conditions. Nitration selectivity in the parent systems 3 and 8 parallels those in stable-ion protonation, whereas regioselectivity in the MeO derivatives (6, 7, and 10) corresponds more closely to relative arenium. ion energies in the parent unsubstituted systems. Comparative mutagenicity assays (Ames tests) were performed on 3NO(2), 5NO(2), 7NO(2), 8NO(2), and 10NO(2) relative to their precursors. Compounds 10NO(2), 7NO(2), and 8NO(2) were found to be potent direct-acting mutagens (with 10NO(2), BNO(2) also capable of acting as potent indirect mutagens). The X-ray structures of 5NO(2) and 8NO(2) were determined. The angle between the plane of the nitro group and the aromatic ring bearing the NO(2) group is 89.4 degrees in 5NO(2) and 32.4 degrees in 8NO(2). ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008). C1 [Laali, Kenneth K.; Okazaki, Takao; Sultana, Fatima; Bunge, Scott D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Banik, Bimal K.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Chem, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Swartz, Carol] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Laali, KK (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM klaali@kent.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 IS 10 BP 1740 EP 1752 DI 10.1002/ejoc.200701066 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 286SL UT WOS:000254866200010 ER PT J AU Elliot, S Catanuto, P Fernandez, P Espinosa-Heidmann, D Karl, M Korach, K Cousins, SW AF Elliot, Sharon Catanuto, Paola Fernandez, Pedro Espinosa-Heidmann, Diego Karl, Michael Korach, Kenneth Cousins, Scott W. TI Subtype specific estrogen receptor action protects against changes in MMP-2 activation in mouse retinal pigmented epithelial cells SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptor; age related macular degeneration; extracellular matrix; estrogen; matrix metalloproteinases; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ID FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NONLETHAL OXIDANT INJURY; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2; MESANGIAL CELLS; ER-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; MACULAR DEGENERATION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BREAST-CANCER; EXPRESSION AB Eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) demonstrate accumulation of specific deposits and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). AMD is about two times more prevalent in aging postmenopausal women. Therefore we studied whether 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) modulates the expression and activity of the trimolecular complex (MMP-2, TIMP-2 and MMP-14), molecules which are of major importance for ECM turnover in RPE. We used cell lines isolated from estrogen receptor knockout mice (ERKO) to determine which ER (estrogen receptor) subtype was important for ECM regulation in RPE cells. We found that mouse RPE sheets had higher baseline MMP-2 activity in the presence of ER beta. This correlated with higher MMP-2 activity in RPE cell lines isolated from ERKO alpha. mice. Exposure to E-2 increased MMP-2 activity in mouse RPE cell lines, In addition E-2 increased transcriptional activation of the MMP-2 promoter through a functional Sp1 site which required the presence of ER beta, but not ER alpha. E-2 also maintained levels of pro MMP-2, and MMP-14 and TIMP-2 activity after oxidant injury. Since the direct effects of E-2 on MMP-2 transcriptional activation and the regulation of the trimolecular complex after oxidant-induced injury requires ER beta, this receptor subtype may have a role as a potential therapeutic target to prevent changes in activation of MMP-2. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Elliot, Sharon; Catanuto, Paola; Fernandez, Pedro; Espinosa-Heidmann, Diego; Karl, Michael] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Lab Sex & Gender Differences Hlth & Dis, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Korach, Kenneth] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Receptor Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cousins, Scott W.] Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Duke Ctr Mascula Dis, Durham, NC USA. RP Elliot, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Lab Sex & Gender Differences Hlth & Dis, Rosensteil Med Bldg Room 1043,R104, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM selliot@med.miami.edu OI Korach, Kenneth/0000-0002-7765-418X FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY014477, R01 EY014477-03, R01 EY14477-04, P30 EY005722, P30 EY005722-22, R01 EY014477-01A1, R01 EY014477-04, R01 EY014477-02] NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 4 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2008.01.010 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 295DB UT WOS:000255454100012 PM 18313050 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, K Batchu, N Das, D Suresh, M Graves, J Zeldin, DC Seubert, JM AF Chaudhary, Ketul Batchu, Nagarjun Das, Dipankar Suresh, Mavanur Graves, Joan Zeldin, Darryl C. Seubert, John M. TI B-type Natriuretic Peptide and EET Mediated Cardioprotection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chaudhary, Ketul; Batchu, Nagarjun; Das, Dipankar; Suresh, Mavanur; Seubert, John M.] Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada. [Graves, Joan; Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resipatory Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807522 ER PT J AU DeKeyser, JG Bryant, SD Omiecinski, CJ AF DeKeyser, Joshua G. Bryant, Sharon D. Omiecinski, Curtis J. TI Distinct pharmacological activities associated with naturally occurring splice variants of the human constitutive androstane receptor SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DeKeyser, Joshua G.; Omiecinski, Curtis J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bryant, Sharon D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806305 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ AF Gordon, Christopher John TI Susceptibility of the aging Brown Norway rat to carbaryl, an anticholinesterase-based insecticide: Thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gordon, Christopher John] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467802078 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Chang, MW Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Jang, Hyeung-Jin Chang, Matthew Wook Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Toxicogenomic Response of Staphylococcus aureus to Triclosan SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jang, Hyeung-Jin; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chang, Matthew Wook] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore, Singapore. [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010; jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467803799 ER PT J AU Mack, CM Kodavanti, PR Smith, EG AF Mack, Cina M. Kodavanti, Prasada R. Smith, Edward G. TI Enhancing Science Education at a Liberal Arts College - A Model Approach by EPA and Livingstone College SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mack, Cina M.; Kodavanti, Prasada R.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Smith, Edward G.] Livingstone Coll, Salisbury, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467803840 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, B Shawki, A Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, JD Zhao, L Ghadersohi, S Garrick, LM Garrick, MD AF Mackenzie, Bryan Shawki, Ali Ghio, Andrew J. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline D. Zhao, Lin Ghadersohi, Saied Garrick, Laura M. Garrick, Michael D. TI A role for the divalent metal-ion transporter (DMT1) is doubtful in the mechanism by which calcium-channel blockers reverse iron overload SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mackenzie, Bryan; Shawki, Ali] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline D.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zhao, Lin; Ghadersohi, Saied; Garrick, Laura M.; Garrick, Michael D.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806708 ER PT J AU Nava, GM Lee, DY Cai, SY Boyer, JL Hernandez-Zavala, A Thomas, DJ Gaskins, HR AF Nava, Gerardo Manuel Lee, David Y. Cai, Shi-Ying Boyer, James L. Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Thomas, David J. Gaskins, H. Rex TI Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and the methylation of arsenicals in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nava, Gerardo Manuel; Lee, David Y.; Gaskins, H. Rex] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nava, Gerardo Manuel] Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cai, Shi-Ying; Boyer, James L.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Liver, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Cai, Shi-Ying; Boyer, James L.; Gaskins, H. Rex] Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME USA. [Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467809226 ER PT J AU Nurkiewicz, TR Dreher, KL AF Nurkiewicz, Timothy R. Dreher, Kevin L. TI Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Environmental Particles and Engineered Nanoparticles: Size and Composition Dependency SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nurkiewicz, Timothy R.] W Virginia Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Cardiovasc Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Dreher, Kevin L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467808756 ER PT J AU Ortiz, PA Chen, PJ Moore, T Nesnow, S Winnik, WM AF Ortiz, Pedro A. Chen, Pei-Jen Moore, Tanya Nesnow, Stephen Winnik, Witold M. TI Proteomic profiles of liver microsomes from mice treated with the hepatotumorigenic conazole, triadimefon SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ortiz, Pedro A.; Chen, Pei-Jen; Moore, Tanya; Nesnow, Stephen; Winnik, Witold M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804720 ER PT J AU Shah, A Gaertner, M Coburn, C Kodavanti, PR Watson-Siroboe, A Shahidizadeh, A Whitley, R Gillard, ER Curras-Collazo, M AF Shah, Ashini Gaertner, Mark Coburn, Cary Kodavanti, Prasada Rao Watson-Siroboe, Abeena Shahidizadeh, Anoush Whitley, Rebecca Gillard, Elizabeth R. Curras-Collazo, Margarita TI Perinatal exposure to PBDEs elevate systolic blood pressure in response to hyperosmotic stimulation in aged adult rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shah, Ashini; Gaertner, Mark; Coburn, Cary; Watson-Siroboe, Abeena; Shahidizadeh, Anoush; Whitley, Rebecca; Gillard, Elizabeth R.; Curras-Collazo, Margarita] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806838 ER PT J AU Thomas, A Voltz, J Fubara, B Driehuys, B Zeldin, D AF Thomas, Abraham Voltz, James Fubara, Boma Driehuys, Bastiaan Zeldin, Darryl TI Hyperpolarized He-3 magnetic resonance imaging of ventilation after bacterial lipopolysaccharide exposure in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, Abraham; Voltz, James; Zeldin, Darryl] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Thomas, Abraham; Fubara, Boma; Driehuys, Bastiaan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807372 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Blett, T Haeuber, R Pardo, LH AF Burns, Douglas A. Blett, Tamara Haeuber, Richard Pardo, Linda H. TI Critical loads as a policy tool for protecting ecosystems from the effects of air pollutants SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACID-RAIN; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT AB Framing the effects of air pollutants on ecosystems in terms of a "critical load" provides a meaningful approach for research scientists to communicate policy-relevant science to air-quality policy makers and natural resource managers. A critical-loads approach has been widely used to shape air-pollutant control policy in Europe since the 1980s, yet has only rarely been applied in the US. Recently, however, interest in applying a critical-loads approach to managing sulfur and nitrogen air pollutants in the US has been growing, as evidenced by several recent conferences, a new critical-loads sub-committee within the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, and nascent efforts by several federal agencies to apply critical loads to land management. Here, we describe the critical-loads concept, including some of its limitations, and indicate how critical loads can better inform future air-pollutant control policy in the US. C1 [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Blett, Tamara] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Haeuber, Richard] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pardo, Linda H.] USDA, Forest Serv, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1890/070040 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 282WF UT WOS:000254597200022 ER PT J AU Sparks, JP Walker, J Turnipseed, A Guenther, A AF Sparks, Jed P. Walker, John Turnipseed, Andrew Guenther, Alex TI Dry nitrogen deposition estimates over a forest experiencing free air CO2 enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; nitric acid; nitrogen deposition; peroxynitrate ID ELEVATED CO2; AMMONIA EXCHANGE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-PARAMETERS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; SURFACE EXCHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NITRIC-ACID; FLUXES AB The quantification of atmospheric additions of nitrogen (N) to an ecosystem is often desirable, but difficult for many locations including many ecological manipulation experiments. Ideal methodologies for the complete and chemically speciated quantification of dry N deposition (e.g. tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer, thermal-dissociation laser-induced fluorescence) are expensive, technologically challenging to maintain, and rarely colocated with important global change manipulation experiments. Here we present an alternative method for obtaining an approximation of total N deposition using short-term eddy flux and concentration measurements, annual regional concentration estimates, and modeling for the Duke Experimental Forest. The motivation for generating estimates for this location was to inform the long-term elevated CO2 experiment conducted at Duke Forest. We estimated the total annual atmospheric N deposition to the forest to be 13.7 kg N ha(-1). Of this total, similar to 58% was in dry-deposited forms. Surprisingly, and contrary to some previous predictions, nitric acid (HNO3) was not the dominant portion of the total dry-deposited N, implying strongly that other forms of gaseous N like organic peroxy and alkyl nitrate compounds are a significant portion of the total flux. Furthermore, this study sheds light on the completeness of the estimates derived from Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) and other dry deposition networks. CASTNet does not measure organic forms of dry deposition. In fact, CASTNet only quantifies HNO3 in the gas phase and may significantly underestimate total N deposition in many environments. C1 [Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Walker, John] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Turnipseed, Andrew; Guenther, Alex] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sparks, JP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jps66@cornell.edu RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 63 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 768 EP 781 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01526.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276FI UT WOS:000254126300006 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JJ Arango, CP Hamilton, SK Tank, JL AF Beaulieu, J. J. Arango, C. P. Hamilton, S. K. Tank, J. L. TI The production and emission of nitrous oxide from headwater streams in the Midwestern United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; denitrification; EF5-g; emissions; IPCC; nitrification; nitrous oxide; streams ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; HARDWOOD FOREST STREAM; GLOBAL N2O BUDGET; NITRIFICATION RATES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NATURAL WATERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION AB The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from streams draining agricultural landscapes is estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to constitute a globally significant source of this gas to the atmosphere, although there is considerable uncertainty in the magnitude of this source. We measured N2O emission rates and potential controlling variables in 12 headwater streams draining a predominantly agricultural basin on glacial terrain in southwestern Michigan. The study sites were nearly always supersaturated with N2O and emission rates ranged from -8.9 to 266.8 mu g N2O-N m(-2) h(-1) with an overall mean of 35.2 mu g N2O-N m(-2) h(-1). Stream water NO3- concentrations best-predicted N2O emission rates. Although streams and agricultural soils in the basin had similar areal emission rates, emissions from streams were equivalent to 6% of the anthropogenic emissions from soils because of the vastly greater surface area of soils. We found that the default value of the N2O emission factor for streams and groundwater as defined by the IPCC (EF5-g) was similar to the value observed in this study lending support to the recent downward revision to EF5-g. However, the EF5-g spanned four orders of magnitude across our study sites suggesting that the IPCC's methodology of applying one emission factor to all streams may be inappropriate. C1 [Beaulieu, J. J.; Arango, C. P.; Tank, J. L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hamilton, S. K.] Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Beaulieu, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM beaulieu.jake@epa.gov RI Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 91 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 53 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 878 EP 894 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01485.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276FI UT WOS:000254126300014 ER PT J AU Wilson, VS Blystone, CR Hotchkiss, AK Rider, CV Gray, LE AF Wilson, Vickie S. Blystone, Chad R. Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Rider, Cynthia V. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters CY MAY 28-31, 2007 CL Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Copenhagen Univ Hosp DE androgen receptor; anti-androgen; linuron; phthalate; prochloraz; reproductive development; vinclozolin ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGENS; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; FUNGICIDE PROCHLORAZ; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS AB Scientists have identified environmental chemicals that display anti-androgenic activity via multiple mechanisms of action. Early studies focused on pesticides acting as androgen receptor (AR) antagonists but it soon became apparent that was not the only endocrine mode by which compounds affected the androgen signalling pathway. Classes of chemicals currently known to interfere with the androgen signalling pathway include dicarboximide fungicides (e.g. vinclozolin), organochlorine-based insecticides (e.g. p,p'-DDT and -DDE), conazole fungicides (e.g. prochloraz), plasticizers (phthalates) and urea-based herbicides (linuron). Phthalate esters (PEs) and vinclozolin appear to act primarily via a single mechanism of action, while others such as linuron and prochloraz, appear to display dual mechanisms of action. Exposure to PEs decreases mRNA expression of key steroidogenic enzymes and also the peptide hormone insulin-like peptide 3 (insl3) from the foetal Leydig cells. Hence, both androgen- and inls3-dependent tissues are affected. Vinclozolin and procymidone act solely through binding to the AR as antagonists thus blocking the action of androgen at the cellular level but do not affect foetal testosterone synthesis or insl3 gene expression. The compounds linuron and prochloraz are AR antagonists but also inhibit foetal testosterone synthesis, although unlike the PEs, mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes and insl3 are not affected. All the above chemicals disrupt androgen signalling in the foetal male rat and produce some malformations in common, but the precise profiles of effects in the offspring are pathognomonic for each mode of action. For example, the 'phthalate syndrome' vs. the 'vinclozolin syndrome' each displays a profile of effects which is clearly different. In summary, as more and more molecular studies with anti-androgenic compounds are conducted, the number of mechanisms by which compounds can affect the androgen signalling pathway is likely to increase. Furthermore, the effects of mixtures of these compounds are just beginning to be explored. C1 [Wilson, Vickie S.; Blystone, Chad R.; Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Rider, Cynthia V.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Blystone, Chad R.; Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wilson, VS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-72,2525 E Highway 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wilson.vickie@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 50 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00861.x PG 8 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 270GW UT WOS:000253710200024 PM 18315717 ER PT J AU Crofton, KM AF Crofton, Kevin M. TI Thyroid disrupting chemicals: mechanisms and mixtures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters CY MAY 28-31, 2007 CL Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Copenhagen Univ Hosp DE endocrine disruptors; mixtures; thyroid ID SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HORMONE ACTION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS AB Environmental contaminants are known to act as thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs). Broadly defined, TDCs are xenobiotics that alter the structure or function of the thyroid gland, alter regulatory enzymes associated with thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis or change circulating or tissue concentrations of THs. For THs, homeostasis is defined as the normal range of THs and TSH in circulation and tissues. TDCs include a wide range chemical structures that act through a variety of mechanisms. Concern about TDCs has increased because of the critical role that thyroid hormones play in brain development. A major uncertainty regarding the endocrine disrupting potential of environmental xenobiotics is the potential for additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects following exposure to mixtures. In addition, there are a number of uncertainties in both interpretation and extrapolation of results from studies of TDC mixtures. Extrapolation of data from laboratory animals to humans is tempered by uncertainty in how the mechanism(s)-of-action of the TDCs may differ between species. The variety of mechanisms by which TDCs alter thyroid homeostasis also yields a difficulty in determining at what level of biological organization to cumulate effects. Should it be at the molecular level, which could be chemical class specific or at the level of a downstream consequence (e.g. circulating hormone levels, brain biochemistry and behaviour) which would be mechanism-independent? To date, the limited data from TDC mixture studies suggest that dose addition is reasonably accurate in predicting the effects on serum T4 concentrations. Assessing the health risks of thyroid disruption by environmental xenobiotics will need to include an improved understanding of how divergent mechanisms alter THs and consequent adverse impacts on nervous system development. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Div, Off Res & Dev, MD-B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 123 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00857.x PG 14 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 270GW UT WOS:000253710200032 PM 18217984 ER PT J AU Rider, CV Furr, J Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Rider, Cynthia V. Furr, Johnathan Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters CY MAY 28-31, 2007 CL Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Copenhagen Univ Hosp DE antiandrogens; dose addition; endocrine disruption; mixtures; reproductive malformations; toxic equivalency ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DISSIMILARLY ACTING CHEMICALS; MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGENS; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; VIBRIO-FISCHERI AB To date, regulatory agencies have not considered conducting cumulative risk assessments for mixtures of chemicals with diverse mechanisms of toxicity because it is assumed that the chemicals will act independently and the individual chemical doses are not additive. However, this assumption is not supported by new research addressing the joint effects of chemicals that disrupt reproductive tract development in the male rat by disrupting the androgen signalling pathway via diverse mechanisms of toxicity [i.e. androgen receptor (AR) antagonism in the reproductive tract vs. inhibition of androgen synthesis in the foetal testis]. In this study, pregnant rats were exposed to four dilutions of a mixture containing vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, prochloraz, benzyl butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate during the period of sexual differentiation and male offspring were assessed for effects on hormone sensitive endpoints including: anogenital distance, infant areolae retention and reproductive tract tissue weights and malformations. The ratio of the chemicals in the mixture was based upon each chemical's ED50 for inducing reproductive tract malformations (hypospadias or epididymal agenesis). The observed responses from the mixture were compared with predicted responses generated with a toxic equivalency approach and models of dose addition, response addition or integrated addition. As hypothesized, we found that the mixture of chemicals that alter the androgen signalling pathway via diverse mechanisms disrupted male rat reproductive tract differentiation and induced malformations in a cumulative, dose-additive manner. The toxic equivalency and dose addition models provided the best fit to observed responses even though the chemicals do not act via a common cellular mechanism of action. The current regulatory framework for conducting cumulative risk assessments needs to consider the results, including those presented herein, which indicate that chemicals that disrupt foetal tissues during sexual differentiation act in a cumulative, dose-additive manner irrespective of the specific cellular mechanism of toxicity. C1 [Rider, Cynthia V.; Furr, Johnathan; Wilson, Vickie S.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Dev, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 58 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-6263 J9 INT J ANDROL JI Int. J. Androl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00859.x PG 14 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 270GW UT WOS:000253710200040 PM 18205796 ER PT J AU Szabo, JG Hall, JS Meiners, G AF Szabo, Jeffrey G. Hall, John S. Meiners, Greg TI Sensor response to contamination in chloraminated drinking water SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM CONTAMINATION; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT; MONOCHLORAMINE; CHLORINE; LEAD C1 [Szabo, Jeffrey G.] US EPA, Test & Evaluat T&S Facil, NHSRC, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. [Meiners, Greg] Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Szabo, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Test & Evaluat T&S Facil, NHSRC, 1600 Gest St, Cincinnati, OH 45204 USA. EM szabo.jeff@epa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 33 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 292FR UT WOS:000255252400008 ER PT J AU Bergman, RW AF Bergman, Ronald W. TI Marshaling resources to support drinking water operators SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Protect Branch, Drinking Water Protect Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bergman, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Protect Branch, Drinking Water Protect Div, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bergman.ronald@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 54 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 292FR UT WOS:000255252400011 ER PT J AU Brandt, DM Levin, L Matsui, E Phipatanakid, W Sinith, AM Bemstein, JA AF Brandt, Dominique M. Levin, Linda Matsui, Eliabeth Phipatanakid, Wanda Sinith, Alisa M. Bemstein, Jonathan A. TI Allergists' attitudes toward environmental control: Insights into its current application in clinical practice SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MITE ALLERGEN; ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; INTERVENTION; CHILDREN C1 [Brandt, Dominique M.; Bemstein, Jonathan A.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Immunol,Allergy Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Levin, Linda] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Biostat, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Matsui, Eliabeth] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Pediat Allergy & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Phipatanakid, Wanda] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Pediat Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sinith, Alisa M.] US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brandt, DM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Immunol,Allergy Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Jonathan.Bemstein@uc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI054972, K23 AI054972-05] NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.11.025 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 286YY UT WOS:000254884000036 PM 18234314 ER PT J AU Field, MS AF Field, Malcolm S. TI Journal of Cave and Karst Studies listing in the Journal of Citation Report: What does it mean? SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623P, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM field.malcolm@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 351JI UT WOS:000259420200001 ER PT J AU Betanzo, EW Hofmann, R Hu, ZF Baribeau, H Alam, Z AF Betanzo, Elin Warn Hofmann, Ron Hu, Zhifei Baribeau, Helene Alam, Zamir TI Modeling the impact of microbial intrusion on secondary disinfection in a drinking water distribution system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CHLORINE; PATHOGENS; SURVIVAL AB The purpose of this study was to quantify the potential level of protection that secondary disinfection may provide in response to an intrusion event. Although several uncertainties exist regarding intrusion events, this study presents an analysis of the inactivation provided by disinfectant residuals by using a distribution system model, inactivation and disinfectant decay models, and conservative assumptions based on available data. A variety of conditions were modeled, including a range of water quality parameters (pH, temperature); inactivation of two microorganisms, Giardia and E. coli O157:H7; and intrusion water dilution ratios. Despite the assumptions inherent in the model, several generalizations were derived from the study. A free chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/L may be insufficient to provide adequate control of disinfectant-resistant Giardia even at low pH (6.5) and high temperature (25 degrees C) conditions that enhance chlorine effectiveness. For E. coli, an organism of "average" disinfectant resistance relative to others, a residual of 0.5 mg/L may provide ample protection against intrusion even assuming that the chlorine residual is reduced within several minutes, such as would be predicted to occur with sewage intrusion at levels below 1% of the total flow. Importantly, chloramines may have a negligible benefit in terms of protecting against intrusion for even relatively susceptible organisms such as E. coli. Consequently, systems should consider protection against intrusion when choosing their secondary disinfectant. C1 [Betanzo, Elin Warn] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hofmann, Ron] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. [Hu, Zhifei] Stantec Consulting Ltd, Mississauga, ON L5N 7G2, Canada. [Baribeau, Helene] Carollo Engineers PC, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Alam, Zamir] Zenon Environm Inc, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. RP Betanzo, EW (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Room 2209N,Mail Code 4607M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM betanzo.elin@epa.gov; hofmann@ecf.utoronto.ca; zahu@stantec.com; hbaribeau@carollo.com; zalam@zenon.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 2008 VL 134 IS 4 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:4(231) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 279JP UT WOS:000254351800001 ER PT J AU Van Houtven, G Sullivan, MB Dockins, C AF Van Houtven, George Sullivan, Melonie B. Dockins, Chris TI Cancer premiums and latency effects: A risk tradeoff approach for valuing reductions in fatal cancer risks SO JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Article DE value of statistical life; cancer risk; risk trade-off; latency ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEY; HEALTH-CARE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MORTALITY RISK; EXPECTATIONS; INFORMATION AB Many studies estimate individuals' values for avoiding fatality risks; however, most value-of-statistical-life studies focus on accident-related deaths. Consequently, little is known about preferences for avoiding other fatal risks, such as cancer. Cancer may engender strong feelings of dread, leading to a "cancer premium," but cancer latency periods may have the opposite effect. Using a national survey, we elicit relative preferences for avoiding fatal cancer and auto-accident risks. We find strong preferences for avoiding cancer risks. With a 5-year latency, they are valued roughly three times greater than immediate accident risks, declining to 50% greater for a 25-year latency. C1 [Van Houtven, George] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sullivan, Melonie B.] Inst Family Centered Serv, Richmond, VA USA. [Dockins, Chris] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Van Houtven, G (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM gvh@rti.org NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-5646 J9 J RISK UNCERTAINTY JI J. Risk Uncertain. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 179 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s11166-008-9032-2 PG 21 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 271CF UT WOS:000253765800005 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Serre, SD Zhao, Y Lee, SJ AF Lee, Chun W. Serre, Shannon D. Zhao, Yongxin Lee, Sung Jun TI Mercury oxidation promoted by a selective catalytic reduction catalyst under simulated Powder River Basin coal combustion conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SPECIATION; GASES AB A bench-scale reactor consisting of a natural gas burner and an electrically heated reactor housing a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst was constructed for studying elemental mercury (Hg-0) oxidation under SCR conditions. A low sulfur Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coal combustion fly ash was injected into the entrained-flow reactor along with sulfur dioxide (SO,), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and trace Hg-0. Concentrations of Hg-0 and total mercury (Hg) upstream and downstream of the SCR catalyst were measured using a Hg monitor. The effects of HCl concentration, SCR operating temperature, catalyst space velocity, and feed rate of PRB fly ash on Hg-0 oxidation were evaluated. It was observed that HCl provides the source of chlorine for Hg-0 oxidation under simulated PRB coal-fired SCR conditions. The decrease in Hg mass balance closure across the catalyst with decreasing HCl concentration suggests that transient Hg capture on the SCR catalyst occurred during the short test exposure periods and that the outlet speciation observed may not be representative of steady-state operation at longer exposure times. Increasing the space velocity and operating temperature of the SCR led to less Hg-0 oxidized. Introduction of PRB coal fly ash resulted in slightly decreased outlet oxidized mercury (Hg2+) as a percentage of total inlet Hg and correspondingly resulted in an incremental increase in Hg capture. The injection of ammonia (NH3) for NOx reduction by SCR was found to have a strong effect to decrease Hg oxidation. The observations suggest that Hg-0 oxidation may occur near the exit region of commercial SCR reactors. Passage of flue gas through SCR systems without NH3 injection, such as during the low-ozone season, may also impact Hg speciation and capture in the flue gas. C1 [Lee, Chun W.; Serre, Shannon D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhao, Yongxin] ARCADIS G&M Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lee, Sung Jun] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 19 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 4 BP 484 EP 493 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.4.484 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285TN UT WOS:000254799200002 PM 18422035 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Guo, XG AF Chen, Honglei Guo, Xuguang TI Obesity and functional disability in elderly Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE functional disability; obesity; waist circumference; body mass index ID BODY-MASS INDEX; EXAMINATION SURVEY NHANES; LATE-LIFE DISABILITY; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OLDER PERSONS; WEIGHT CHANGE; US ADULTS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether indicators of obesity are associated with functional disabilities in elderly American women and men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2004, United States. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand six hundred eighty-four elderly (aged >= 60) women and 1,611 elderly men. MEASUREMENTS: Functional disabilities. RESULTS: In women, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were each related to higher prevalence of all measures of disabilities. Compared with the lowest quartile of waist circumference, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of the highest quartile for having difficulties in functional domains were 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.6-3.6) for activities of daily living, 2.3 (95% CI=1.6-3.3) for instrumental activities of daily living, 2.6 (95% CI=1.6-4.1) for leisure and social activities, 4.8 (95% CI=3.4-6.9) for lower extremity mobility, and 2.9 (95% CI=2.1-4.0) for general physical activity. In men, these associations were moderate; the corresponding ORs were 1.2 (95% CI=0.8-2.0), 1.3 (95% CI=0.9-2.1), 2.1 (95% CI=1.2-3.7), 1.8 (95% CI=1.2-2.7), and 2.1 (95% CI=1.5-2.8), respectively. Similar results were obtained for BMI. These associations could not be explained by the presence of major chronic conditions. When adjusted simultaneously, waist circumference appeared to be a better predictor than BMI of disability in women. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that indicators of obesity are related to functional disabilities in elderly Americans. C1 [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Guo, Xuguang] Ctr Hlth Res, Stat Sci & Epidemiol Res Div, Durham, NC USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, 111 T W Alexander Dr,POB 12233 Mail Drop-A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chenh2@niehs.nih.gov OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101986-02]; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01ES55547] NR 25 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01624.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 282IX UT WOS:000254562200014 PM 18266843 ER PT J AU Blette, V AF Blette, Veronica TI Drinking water public right-to-know requirements in the United States SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE drinking water; right-to-know requirements; risk communication; safe drinking water act AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency implements a national drinking-water program under the authority of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act. Amendments to the Act in 1996 added new provisions to enhance consumer understanding of drinking-water issues. Notification requirements associated with annual consumer confidence reports, source water assessments and state compliance reports are intended to enhance the public's knowledge of the quality of their drinking water. Water utilities are also subject to public notification requirements to provide more timely information to consumers in response to violations of health standards. These right-to-know requirements are intended to build the public's confidence, but communicating with consumers can be challenging for both utility managers and government leaders. This paper discusses the need for timely communication, the challenge of providing information when there is uncertainty in the science and the importance of preparing to respond to critical incidents. Because surveys have shown that other members of the community may have better access to consumers or are more trusted, it is important for water utilities to establish relationships with the media and the local public health community. C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Blette, V (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, 1200 Penn Ave,NW MC 4601M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM blette.veronica@epa.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD APR PY 2008 VL 6 SU 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.2166/wh.2008.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 287MO UT WOS:000254921400006 PM 18401128 ER PT J AU Mitro, MG Evers, DC Meyer, MW Piper, WH AF Mitro, Matthew G. Evers, David C. Meyer, Michael W. Piper, Walter H. TI Common loon survival rates and mercury in New England and Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE common loon; Gavia immer; mercury effects; New England; populations; survival; Wisconsin ID CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; EXPOSURE; CANADA AB Bioaccumulation of toxic environmental mercury may affect the vital rates of piscivores such as the common loon (Gavia immer). Although immediate effects of mercury on early development or reproduction can be determined from short-term field studies or dosing experiments, long-term effects on survival for a long-lived species such as the common loon must be discerned from large, long-term observational data sets. We analyzed band-resight and mercury data for 776 adult loons in Wisconsin and New England, USA, from 1991 to 2001 to 1) estimate annual survival rates and 2) investigate the relation between mercury exposure and survival. The model-averaged estimate of apparent survival was 0.87, whereas the approximate survival rate (accounting for movement) was 0.92. We found no differences in apparent survival by geographic location or sex and no relation between survival and mercury. Power analyses showed that we were only likely to detect differences in survival >= 3%. Small differences in survival (<3%), which may be important to loon population viability, were unlikely to be detected in our dataset. C1 [Mitro, Matthew G.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Evers, David C.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Piper, Walter H.] Chapman Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. RP Mitro, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM matthew.mitro@wisconsin.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.2193/2006-551 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800012 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J Johnson, CB AF Van Sickle, John Johnson, Colleen Burch TI Parametric distance weighting of landscape influence on streams SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE land use; stream ecology; flowpath; riparian; watershed; regression modeling; distance weighting ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; COVER; NUTRIENT; MODELS; ECOSYSTEMS AB We present a parametric model for estimating the areas within watersheds whose land use best predicts indicators of stream ecological condition. We regress a stream response variable on the distance-weighted proportion of watershed area that has a specific land use, such as agriculture. Distance weighting functions model the declining influence of landscape elements as a function of their flowpath distances, first to the stream channel (to-stream distance), and then down the channel to the location at which stream condition was sampled (in-stream distance). Model parameters specify different distance scales over which to-stream and in-stream influences decline. As an example, we predict an index of biotic integrity (IBI) for the fish communities in 50 small streams of the Willamette Basin of Oregon, USA, from distance-weighted proportions of agricultural or urban land use in their watersheds. The weighting functions of best-fitting models (R(2) = 0.57) represent landscape influence on IBI as extending upstream tens of kilometers along the stream channel network, while declining nearly to zero beyond a distance of 30 m from the channel. Our example shows how parametric distance weighting can identify the distance scales, and hence the approximate areas within watersheds, for which land use is most strongly associated with a stream response variable. In addition, distance-weighting parameters offer a simple and direct language for comparing the scales of landscape influence on streams across different land uses and stream ecosystem components. C1 [Van Sickle, John] US EPA, Wesstern Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Johnson, Colleen Burch] Indus Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Wesstern Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM VanSickle.John@epa.gov NR 49 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9200-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 277YK UT WOS:000254250400006 ER PT J AU Pursell, ZF McDonald, JT Mathews, CK Kunkel, TA AF Pursell, Zachary F. McDonald, J. Tyson Mathews, Christopher K. Kunkel, Thomas A. TI Trace amounts of 8-oxo-dGTP in mitochondrial dNTP pools reduce DNA polymerase gamma replication fidelity SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; P55 ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; POINT MUTATIONS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NUCLEOTIDE POOL; PROTEIN; MOUSE; DISEASES; RESIDUE AB Replication of the mitochondrial genome by DNA polymerase gamma requires dNTP precursors that are subject to oxidation by reactive oxygen species generated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. One such oxidation product is 8-oxo-dGTP, which can compete with dTTP for incorporation opposite template adenine to yield A-T to C-G transversions. Recent reports indicate that the ratio of undamaged dGTP to dTTP in mitochondrial dNTP pools from rodent tissues varies from similar to 1:1 to >100:1. Within this wide range, we report here the proportion of 8-oxo-dGTP in the dNTP pool that would be needed to reduce the replication fidelity of human DNA polymerase gamma. When various in vivo mitochondrial dNTP pools reported previously were used here in reactions performed in vitro, 8-oxo-dGTP was readily incorporated opposite template A and the resulting 8-oxo-G-A mismatch was not proofread efficiently by the intrinsic 3' exonuclease activity of pol gamma. At the dNTP ratios reported in rodent tissues, whether highly imbalanced or relatively balanced, the amount of 8-oxo-dGTP needed to reduce fidelity was <1% of dGTP. Moreover, direct measurements reveal that 8-oxo-dGTP is present at such concentrations in the mitochondrial dNTP pools of several rat tissues. The results suggest that oxidized dNTP precursors may contribute to mitochondrial mutagenesis in vivo, which could contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. C1 [Pursell, Zachary F.; McDonald, J. Tyson; Kunkel, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pursell, Zachary F.; McDonald, J. Tyson; Kunkel, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mathews, Christopher K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kunkel, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kunkel@niehs.nih.gov OI McDonald, J. Tyson/0000-0003-1955-6052; Pursell, Zachary/0000-0001-5871-7192 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM073744, R01GM73744] NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 BP 2174 EP 2181 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn062 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 290VZ UT WOS:000255152200013 PM 18276636 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Poet, TS AF Lipscomb, John C. Poet, Torka S. TI In vitro measurements of metabolism for application in pharmacokinetic modeling SO PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE drug metabolism; genetic polymorphisms; interspecies extrapolation; in vitro to in vivo extrapolation; physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; risk assessment ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; CRYOPRESERVED HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; CHEMICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; HUMAN HEPATIC MICROSOMES; INTRINSIC CLEARANCE; RAT HEPATOCYTES; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; CANCER-RISK; BIOTRANSFORMATION DATA AB Human risk and exposure assessments require dosimetry information. Species-specific tissue dose response will be driven by physiological and biochemical processes. While metabolism and pharmacokinetic data are often not available in humans, they are much more available in laboratory animals; metabolic rate constants can be readily derived in vitro. The physiological differences between laboratory animals and humans are known. Biochemical processes, especially metabolism, can be measured in vitro and extrapolated to account for in vivo metabolism through clearance models or when linked to a physiologically based pharmacological (PBPK) model to describe the physiological processes, such as drug delivery to the metabolic organ. This review focuses on the different organ, cellular, and subcellular systems that can be used to measure in vitro metabolic rate constants and how those data are extrapolated to be used in biologically based modeling. Notice: The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Poet, Torka S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modelling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lipscomb.john@epa.gov NR 117 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0163-7258 J9 PHARMACOL THERAPEUT JI Pharmacol. Ther. PD APR PY 2008 VL 118 IS 1 BP 82 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.01.006 PG 22 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 306IG UT WOS:000256240900005 PM 18374419 ER PT J AU Jin, YH Dunlap, PE McBride, SJ Al-Refai, H Bushel, PR Freedman, JH AF Jin, Yong Hwan Dunlap, Paul E. McBride, Sandra J. Al-Refai, Hanan Bushel, Pierre R. Freedman, Jonathan H. TI Global transcriptome and deletome profiles of yeast exposed to transition metals SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; RAS/CYCLIC AMP PATHWAY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DELETION STRAINS; DNA MICROARRAY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA AB A variety of pathologies are associated with exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of essential metals and to nonessential metals and metalloids. The molecular mechanisms linking metal exposure to human pathologies have not been clearly defined. To address these gaps in our understanding of the molecular biology of transition metals, the genomic effects of exposure to Group IB ( copper, silver), IIB ( zinc, cadmium, mercury), VIA ( chromium), and VB ( arsenic) elements on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined. Two comprehensive sets of metal-responsive genomic profiles were generated following exposure to equi-toxic concentrations of metal: one that provides information on the transcriptional changes associated with metal exposure (transcriptome), and a second that provides information on the relationship between the expression of similar to 4,700 non-essential genes and sensitivity to metal exposure (deletome). Approximately 22% of the genome was affected by exposure to at least one metal. Principal component and cluster analyses suggest that the chemical properties of the metal are major determinants in defining the expression profile. Furthermore, cells may have developed common or convergent regulatory mechanisms to accommodate metal exposure. The transcriptome and deletome had 22 genes in common, however, comparison between Gene Ontology biological processes for the two gene sets revealed that metal stress adaptation and detoxification categories were commonly enriched. Analysis of the transcriptome and deletome identified several evolutionarily conserved, signal transduction pathways that may be involved in regulating the responses to metal exposure. In this study, we identified genes and cognate signaling pathways that respond to exposure to essential and non-essential metals. In addition, genes that are essential for survival in the presence of these metals were identified. This information will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which organisms respond to metal stress, and could lead to an understanding of the connection between environmental stress and signal transduction pathways. C1 [Jin, Yong Hwan; McBride, Sandra J.; Al-Refai, Hanan] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Dunlap, Paul E.; Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Jin, YH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM freedma1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIEHS NIH HHS [U19ES011375, U19 ES011375, R01ES009949, R01 ES009949] NR 81 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 AR e1000053 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000053 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 294LL UT WOS:000255407400003 PM 18437200 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener and expeditious synthesis of bioactive heterocycles using microwave irradiation SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Congress for Heterocyclic Chemistry CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Univ New S Wales, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Univ New S Wales DE green chemistry; heterocycles; microwave irradiation; aqueous medium; solvent-free reactions; supported reagents ID SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; ALPHA-TOSYLOXYKETONES; SUPPORTED REAGENTS; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; ALKYL-HALIDES; RAPID ACCESS AB The utilization of green chemistry techniques is dramatically reducing chemical waste and reaction times as has recently been proven in several organic syntheses and chemical transformations. To illustrate these advantages in the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles, we have studied various environmentally benign protocols that involve greener alternatives. Microwave (MW) irradiation of neat reactants catalyzed by the surfaces of recyclable mineral supports, such as alumina, silica, clay, or their "doped" versions, enables the rapid one-pot assembly of heterocyclic compounds, such as flavonoids, related benzopyrans, and quinolone derivatives. The strategy to assemble oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles from in situ generated reactive intermediates via enamines or using hypervalent iodine reagents is described. Examples of multicomponent reactions that can be adapted for rapid parallel synthesis include solventless synthesis of dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-ones (Biginelli reaction), imidazo[1,2-a]annulated pyridines, pyrazines, and pyrimidines (Ugi reaction). The relative advantages of greener pathways, which use MW irradiation and eco-friendly aqueous reaction medium, for the synthesis of various heterocycles, such as N-aryl azacycloalkanes, isoindoles, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, pyrazole, and diazepines, are also summarized. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Ms 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 43 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 14 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 80 IS 4 BP 777 EP 790 DI 10.1351/pac200880040777 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 307BC UT WOS:000256291500012 ER PT J AU Loizou, G Spendiff, M Barton, HA Bessems, J Bois, FY d'Yvoire, MB Buist, H Clewell, HJ Meek, B Gundert-Remy, U Goerlitz, G Schmitt, W AF Loizou, George Spendiff, Martin Barton, Hugh A. Bessems, Jos Bois, Frederic Y. d'Yvoire, Michel Bouvier Buist, Harrie Clewell, Harvey J., III Meek, Bette Gundert-Remy, Ursula Goerlitz, Gerhard Schmitt, Walter TI Development of good modelling practice for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for use in risk assessment: The first steps SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE good modelling practice; PBPK; risk assessment ID IN-VIVO EXTRAPOLATION; PROPYLENE-OXIDE; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RESPONSE ASSESSMENT; IPCS FRAMEWORK; INTEGRATED USE; HUMANS; VITRO; METABOLISM AB The increasing use of tissue dosimetry estimated using pharmacokinetic models in chemical risk assessments in various jurisdictions necessitates the development of internationally recognized good modelling practice (GMP). These practices would facilitate sharing of models and model evaluations and consistent applications in risk assessments. Clear descriptions of good practices for (1) model development i.e., research and analysis activities, (2) model characterization i.e., methods to describe how consistent the model is with biology and the strengths and limitations of available models and data, such as sensitivity analyses, (3) model documentation, and (4) model evaluation i.e., independent review that will assist risk assessors in their decisions of whether and how to use the models, and also model developers to understand expectations for various purposes e.g., research versus application in risk assessment. Next steps in the development of guidance for GMP and research to improve the scientific basis of the models are described based on a review of the current status of the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in risk assessments in Europe, Canada, and the United States at the International Workshop on the Development of GMP for PBPK Models in Greece on April 27-29, 2007. Crown copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Loizou, George; Spendiff, Martin] Hlth & Safety Lab, Harpur Hill SK17 9JN, Buxton, England. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bessems, Jos] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Ctr Substances & Integrated Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Bois, Frederic Y.] INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. [d'Yvoire, Michel Bouvier] EC Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth Consumer Protect, ECVAM, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Buist, Harrie] TNO, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. [Clewell, Harvey J., III] Hammer Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Meek, Bette] Univ Ottawa, McLaughlin Inst, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Gundert-Remy, Ursula] Fed Inst Risk Assessment, BfR, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Goerlitz, Gerhard; Schmitt, Walter] BayerCropSci AG, D-40765 Monheim, Germany. RP Loizou, G (reprint author), Hlth & Safety Lab, Harpur Hill SK17 9JN, Buxton, England. EM George.loizou@hsl.gov.uk RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012; OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391; Bessems, Jos/0000-0001-5718-0733; Schmitt, Walter/0000-0001-6983-6525 NR 65 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 400 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.011 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 302VA UT WOS:000255996700013 PM 18331772 ER PT J AU Hard, GC Seely, JC Kissling, GE Betz, LJ AF Hard, Gordon C. Seely, John Curtis Kissling, Grace E. Betz, Laura J. TI Spontaneous Occurrence of a Distinctive Renal Tubule Tumor Phenotype in Rat Carcinogenicity Studies Conducted by the National Toxicology Program SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rat; renal tubule tumors; spontaneous occurrence; amphophilic-vacuolar renal tumors; familial renal tumors ID CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE NEPHROPATHY; EKER RAT; NEOPLASTIC LESIONS; CONVENTIONAL RATS; 90-DAY TOXICITY; LABORATORY RAT; CELL CARCINOMA; TSC2 GENE; MODEL; CANCER AB The Toxicology Data Management System (TDMS) of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, was surveyed for occurrence and distribution of a distinctive renal tubule tumor type in rats. The hallmark features of this tumor included eosinophilic/amphophilic staining, large finely granular cells, and numerous vacuoles and/or minilumens. It is referred to here as the amphophilic-vacuolar (AV) variant of renal tubule tumor. Of 154 studies in which renal tubule tumors had been recorded in the standard single sections of kidney in the TDMS, there were collectively 1012 rats with renal adenomas, carcinomas, or adenocarcinomas, and of these, 100 displayed the distinctive AV morphology, representing 74 studies involving mostly the F344 rat, but also the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar strains. The AV tumors (mainly adenomas but also some carcinomas) occurred usually as solitary lesions in the affected animals. However, they were multiple and bilateral in a few cases. They were equally distributed between the sexes, did not metastasize (at least to the lung), and were not associated with chronic progressive nephropathy. The distribution of this renal tumor type was random across studies and dose groups, underscoring the likelihood that it was of spontaneous origin and not chemically induced. Accordingly, it is suggested that this distinctive renal tumor phenotype be recorded as a separate category from conventional RTT when assessing the carcinogenic potential of a test compound. C1 [Seely, John Curtis] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kissling, Grace E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Betz, Laura J.] Constella Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Hard, GC (reprint author), POB 86, Tairva 3544, New Zealand. EM gordonhard@msn.com FU Federal funds from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS),; NIH [N01-ES-95435] FX This work was supported by Federal funds from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, under contract N01-ES-95435 to Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL) Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, and, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of NIEHS, NIH. The authors are grateful to Drs. J. Hardisty and M. Hamlin of EPL, Research Triangle Park, NC, for their encouragement in this project. The authors are also indebted to Keith Connelly and Errol Parker of EPL Inc, who were responsible for accessing the slides from the Archives. Without their contribution, the survey would not have been achievable. In addition, we acknowledge Maureen Puccini and Emily Singletary of EPL Inc for assistance with photography. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 388 EP 396 DI 10.1177/0192623308315829 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 463UO UT WOS:000267457900004 PM 18441261 ER PT J AU Stevens, T Krantz, QT Linak, WP Hester, S Gilmour, MI AF Stevens, Tina Krantz, Quentin T. Linak, William P. Hester, Susan Gilmour, M. Ian TI Increased transcription of immune and metabolic pathways in naive and allergic mice exposed to diesel exhaust SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel; genomics; mice; lung; allergy ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SYSTEMIC IGE PRODUCTION; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; ADJUVANT ACTIVITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PARTICLE CHEMICALS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON-BLACK; IN-VITRO AB Diesel exhaust (DE) has been shown to enhance allergic sensitization in animals following high-dose instillation or chronic inhalation exposure scenarios. The purpose of this study was to determine if short-term exposures to diluted DE enhance allergic immune responses to antigen, and identify possible mechanisms using microarray technology. BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air or diluted DE to yield particle concentrations of 500 or 2000 mu g/m(3) 4 h/day on days 0-4. Mice were immunized intranasally with ovalbumin (OVA) antigen or saline on days 0-2, challenged on day 18 with OVA or saline, and all mice were challenged with OVA on day 28. Mice were necropsied either 4 h after the last DE exposure on day 4, or 18, 48, and 96 h after the last challenge. Immunological endpoints included OVA-specific serum IgE, biochemical and cellular profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and cytokine production in the BAL. OVA-immunized mice exposed to both concentrations of DE had increased eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and interleukin-6 (high dose only) post-challenge compared with OVA control, whereas DE/saline exposure yielded increases in neutrophils at the high dose only. Transcriptional microarray analysis 4 h after the last DE exposure demonstrated distinct gene expression profiles for the high-dose DE/OVA and DE/saline groups. DE/OVA induced oxidative stress and metabolism pathways, whereas DE in the absence of immunization modulated cell cycle control, growth and differentiation, G-proteins, and cell adhesion pathways. This study shows for the first time early changes in gene expression induced by the combination of DE inhalation and mucosal immunization, which resulted in stronger development of allergic eosinophilia. C1 [Hester, Susan; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stevens, Tina] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Linak, William P.] US EPA, Air Pollut & Prevent Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn006 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 274LZ UT WOS:000254004100015 PM 18192680 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Furr, J Lambright, CR Wilson, VS Ryan, BC Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra L. Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy R. Wilson, Vickie S. Ryan, Bryce C. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Gestational and lactational exposure to ethinyl estradiol, but not bisphenol a, decreases androgen-dependent reproductive organ weights and epididymal sperm abundance in the male long evans hooded rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ethinyl estradiol; bisphenol A; male reproduction; Long Evans rat; testes; epididymal sperm ID WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; IN-UTERO; UTEROTROPHIC BIOASSAY; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOSE-RESPONSE; OECD PROGRAM; WILD FISH; PITUITARY AB Many chemicals released into the environment are capable of disrupting normal sex steroid balance, including the oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol (EE) and the plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA). EE and BPA are reported to impair reproductive organ development in laboratory animals; however, effects of lower doses of these chemicals have been debated. The goal of the current study was to determine whether relatively low oral doses of EE or BPA would alter male reproductive morphology and associated hormone levels of Long Evans hooded rat. Dams were gavaged with corn oil vehicle, EE (0.05-50 mu g/kg/day) or BPA (2, 20, and 200 mu g/kg/day) during pregnancy through lactation from gestational day 7 to postnatal day (PND) 18. Anogenital distance was measured at PND2 and nipple retention was measured at PND14 in male pups. Male offspring were euthanized beginning at PND150, and sera and organs were collected for analyses. Adult body weight was significantly decreased in males exposed to 50 mu g EE/kg/day. Developmental EE exposure reduced androgen-dependent tissue weights in a dose-dependent fashion; for example, seminal vesicle and paired testes weights were reduced with >= 5 mu g EE/kg/day. Epididymal sperm counts were also significantly decreased with 50 mu g EE/kg/day. In contrast, treatment with 2, 20, or 200 mu g BPA/kg/day or EE at 0.05-1.5 mu g/kg/day did not significantly affect any male endpoint in the current study. These results demonstrate that developmental exposure to oral micromolar doses of EE can permanently disrupt the reproductive tract of the male rat. C1 [Howdeshell, Kembra L.; Furr, Johnathan; Lambright, Christy R.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Ryan, Bryce C.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ryan, Bryce C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Howdeshell, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div,Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM howdeshell.kembra@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 46 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm306 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 274LZ UT WOS:000254004100016 PM 18096570 ER PT J AU Roberts, JE Wielgus, AR Boyes, WK Andley, U Chignell, CF AF Roberts, Joan E. Wielgus, Albert R. Boyes, William K. Andley, Usha Chignell, Colin F. TI Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of fullerol in human lens epithelial cells SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; fullerol; ocular toxicology; phototoxicity; human lens epithelial cells; dynamic light scattering ID OCULAR PHOTOTOXICITY; ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; STATE PROPERTIES; MALONIC-ACID; BOVINE LENS; C-60; DERIVATIVES; LIGHT; EYE; NANOPARTICLES AB The water-soluble, hydroxylated fullerene [fullerol, nano-C-60(OH)(22-26)] has several clinical applications including use as a drug carrier to bypass the blood ocular barriers. We have assessed fullerol's potential ocular toxicity by measuring its cytotoxicity and phototoxicity induced by UVA and visible light in vitro with human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3). Accumulation of nano-C-60(OH)(22-26) in the cells was confirmed spectrephotometrically at 405 am and cell viability estimated using MTS and LDH assays. Fullerol was cytotoxic to HLE B-3 cells maintained in the dark at concentrations higher than 20 mu M. Exposure to either UVA or visible light in the presence of >5 mu M fullerol-induced phototoxic damage. When cells were pretreated with non-toxic antioxidants: 20 mu M lutein, 1 mM N-acetyl cysteine, or 1 mM L-ascorbic acid prior to irradiation, only the singlet oxygen quencher-lutein significantly protected against fullerol photodamage. Apoptosis was observed in lens cells treated with fullerol whether or not the cells were irradiated, in the order UVA>visible light>dark. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that in the presence of the endogenous lens protein a-crystallin, large aggregates of fullerol were reduced. In conclusion, fullerol is both cytotoxic and phototoxic to human lens epithelial cells. Although the acute toxicity of water-soluble nano-C-60(OH)(22-26) is low, these compounds are retained in the body for long periods, raising concern for their chronic toxic effect. Before fullerols are used to deliver drugs to the eye, they should be tested for photo- and cytotoxicity in vivo. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Roberts, Joan E.] Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA. [Wielgus, Albert R.; Chignell, Colin F.] NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Boyes, William K.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm REs Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boyes, William K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 113 W 60th St, New York, NY 10023 USA. EM jroberts@fordham.edu; wielgus@nichs.nih.gov; Boyes.William@epamail.epa.gov; andley@vision.wustl.edu; chignell@nichs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0010085416, Z01 ES050046-29] NR 52 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 228 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.010 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 282CD UT WOS:000254544300007 PM 18234258 ER PT J AU Cozen, W Avol, E Diaz-Sanchez, D McConnell, R Gauderman, WJ Cockburn, MG Zadnick, J Jyrala, M Mack, TM AF Cozen, Wendy Avol, Ed Diaz-Sanchez, David McConnell, Rob Gauderman, W. James Cockburn, Myles G. Zadnick, John Jyrala, Minna Mack, Thomas M. TI Use of an electrostatic dust cloth for self-administered home allergen collection SO TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HOUSE-DUST; INDOOR ALLERGENS; CAT ALLERGEN; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; CHILDREN; DEVICES C1 [Cozen, Wendy; Avol, Ed; McConnell, Rob; Gauderman, W. James; Cockburn, Myles G.; Zadnick, John; Mack, Thomas M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Cozen, Wendy; Mack, Thomas M.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US Environm Protect Agcy, Clin Res Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jyrala, Minna] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cozen, W (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave,MC 9175, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM wcozen@usc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30 ES07048] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN ACAD PRESS PI BOWEN HILLS PA 32 JEAYS ST, BOWEN HILLS, QLD 4006, AUSTRALIA SN 1832-4274 J9 TWIN RES HUM GENET JI Twin Res. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1375/twin.11.2.150 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 284GD UT WOS:000254694000006 PM 18361715 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Armant, O Parham, FM Smith, MV Zimmer, C Castro, DS Nguyen, L Parker, JS Gradwohl, G Portier, CJ Guillemot, F AF Gohlke, Julia M. Armant, Olivier Parham, Frederick M. Smith, Marjolein V. Zimmer, Celine Castro, Diogo S. Nguyen, Laurent Parker, Joel S. Gradwohl, Gerard Portier, Christopher J. Guillemot, Francois TI Characterization of the proneural gene regulatory network during mouse telencephalon development SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAY; BINDING PROTEIN HUD; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; SOMITE SEGMENTATION; EXPRESSION DATA; GROWTH-FACTOR; POU PROTEINS; FACTOR YY1 AB Background: The proneural proteins Mash1 and Ngn2 are key cell autonomous regulators of neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system, yet little is known about the molecular pathways regulated by these transcription factors. Results: Here we identify the downstream effectors of proneural genes in the telencephalon using a genomic approach to analyze the transcriptome of mice that are either lacking or overexpressing proneural genes. Novel targets of Ngn2 and/or Mash1 were identified, such as members of the Notch and Wnt pathways, and proteins involved in adhesion and signal transduction. Next, we searched the non-coding sequence surrounding the predicted proneural downstream effector genes for evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites associated with newly defined consensus binding sites for Ngn2 and Mash1. This allowed us to identify potential novel co-factors and co-regulators for proneural proteins, including Creb, Tcf/Lef, Pou-domain containing transcription factors, Sox9, and Mef2a. Finally, a gene regulatory network was delineated using a novel Bayesian-based algorithm that can incorporate information from diverse datasets. Conclusion: Together, these data shed light on the molecular pathways regulated by proneural genes and demonstrate that the integration of experimentation with bioinformatics can guide both hypothesis testing and hypothesis generation. C1 [Armant, Olivier; Zimmer, Celine; Castro, Diogo S.; Nguyen, Laurent; Guillemot, Francois] Natl Inst Med Res, Div Mol Neurobiol, London NW7 1AA, England. [Gohlke, Julia M.; Parham, Frederick M.; Portier, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Environm Syst Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Smith, Marjolein V.; Parker, Joel S.] Constella Hlth Sci, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Armant, Olivier; Gradwohl, Gerard] INSERM, U682, F-67200 Strasbourg, France. RP Guillemot, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Med Res, Div Mol Neurobiol, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, England. EM gohlkej@niehs.nih.gov; Olivier.Armant@itg.fzk.de; parham@niehs.nih.gov; msmith@constellagroup.com; czimmer@nimr.mrc.ac.uk; dcastro@nimr.mrc.ac.uk; lnguyen@ulg.ac.be; jparker@expressionanalysis.com; gerard.gradwohl@titus.u-strasbg.fr; portier@niehs.nih.gov; fguille@nimr.mrc.ac.uk RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Gradwohl, Gerard/H-8543-2014; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Gradwohl, Gerard/0000-0002-6730-2615; Castro, Diogo/0000-0001-8178-9565; Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893; armant, olivier/0000-0001-7101-9209 FU Intramural NIH HHS; Medical Research Council [, MC_U117570528] NR 86 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD MAR 31 PY 2008 VL 6 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-6-15 PG 18 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 303HZ UT WOS:000256032900001 PM 18377642 ER PT J AU Umbuzeiro, GA Franco, A Martins, MH Kummrow, F Carvalho, L Schmeiser, HH Leykauf, J Stiborova, M Claxton, LD AF Umbuzeiro, Gisela A. Franco, Alexandre Martins, Maria Helena Kummrow, Fabio Carvalho, Lilian Schmeiser, Heinz H. Leykauf, Jutta Stiborova, Marie Claxton, Larry D. TI Mutagenicity and DNA adduct formation of PAH, nitro-PAH, and oxy-PAH fractions of atmospheric particulate matter from Sao Paulo, Brazil SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE air mutagenicity; nitroarenes; air pollution; DNA adducts; nitroaromatics; Salmonella microsome assay; ames test; YG1041; TA98 ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT 3-NITROBENZANTHRONE; AIR-POLLUTANT 3-NITROBENZANTHRONE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; AMBIENT AIR; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION AB Urban particulate matter (UPM) contributes to lung cancer incidence. Here, we have studied the mutagenic activity and DNA adduct-forming ability of fractionated UPM extractable organic matter (EOM). UPM was collected with a high-volume sampler in June 2004 at two sites, one at street level adjacent to a roadway and the other inside a park within the urban area of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. UPM was extracted using dichloromethane, and the resulting EOM was separated by HPLC to obtain PAH, nitro-PAH, and oxy-PAH fractions which were tested for mutagenicity with the Salmonella strains TA98 and YG1041 with and without S9 metabolic activation. The PAH fraction from both sites showed negligible mutagenic activity in both strains. The highest mutagenic activity was found for the nitro-PAH fraction using YG1041 without metabolic activation; however, results were comparable for both sites. The nitro-PAH and oxy-PAH fractions were incubated with calf thymus DNA under reductive conditions appropriate for the activation of nitro aromatic compounds, then DNA adduct patterns and levels were determined with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (32)p-postlabeling method using two enrichment procedures-nuclease PI digestion and butanol extraction. Reductively activated fractions from both sites produced diagonal radioactive zones (DRZ) of putative aromatic DNA adducts on thin layer plates with both enrichment procedures. No such DRZ were observed in control experiments using fractions from unexposed filters or from incubations without activating system. Total adduct levels produced by the nitro-PAH fractions were similar for both sites ranging from 30 to 45 adducts per 10(8) normal nucleotides. In contrast, the DNA binding of reductively activated oxy-PAH fractions was three times higher and the adduct pattern consisted of multiple discrete spots along the diagonal line on the thin layer plates. However, DNA adduct levels were not significantly different between the sampling sites. Both samples presented the same levels of mutagenic activity. The response in the Salmonella assay was typical of nitroaromatics. Although, more mutagenic activity was related to the nitro-PAH fraction in the Salmonella assay, the oxy-PAH fractions showed the highest DNA adduct levels. More studies are needed to elucidate the nature of the genotoxicants occurring in Sao Paulo atmospheric samples. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Umbuzeiro, Gisela A.; Martins, Maria Helena; Kummrow, Fabio] CETESB, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Franco, Alexandre; Carvalho, Lilian] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, BR-05599970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kummrow, Fabio] Univ Fed Alfenas, BR-37130000 Alfenas, Brazil. [Schmeiser, Heinz H.; Leykauf, Jutta] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Mol Toxicol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stiborova, Marie] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Claxton, Larry D.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Umbuzeiro, GA (reprint author), CETESB, Av Prof Frederico Hermann Jr 345, BR-05459900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM giselav@cetesbnet.sp.gov.br RI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/H-4603-2011; Stiborova, Marie/A-5982-2015; OI Umbuzeiro, Gisela/0000-0002-8623-5200; Stiborova, Marie/0000-0001-5430-4403; Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 42 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD MAR 29 PY 2008 VL 652 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.12.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 289WC UT WOS:000255083600009 PM 18294902 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Mathur, R Schere, K Kang, DW Pleim, J Young, J Tong, D Pouliot, G McKeen, SA Rao, ST AF Yu, Shaocai Mathur, Rohit Schere, Kenneth Kang, Daiwen Pleim, Jonathan Young, Jeffrey Tong, Daniel Pouliot, George McKeen, Stuart A. Rao, S. T. TI Evaluation of real-time PM2.5 forecasts and process analysis for PM2.5 formation over the eastern United States using the Eta-CMAQ forecast model during the 2004 ICARTT study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SYSTEM AB The performance of the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system in forecasting PM2.5 and chemical species is assessed over the eastern United States with the observations obtained by aircraft (NOAA P-3 and NASA DC-8) and four surface monitoring networks (AIRNOW, IMPROVE, CASTNet and STN) during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) study. The results of the statistical analysis at the AIRNOW sites show that the model was able to reproduce the day-to-day and spatial variations of observed PM2.5 and captured a majority (73%) of PM2.5 observations within a factor of 2, with normalized mean bias of -21%. The consistent underestimations in regional PM2.5 forecast at other networks (IMPROVE and STN) were mainly due to the underestimation of total carbonaceous aerosols at both urban and rural sites. The significant underestimation of the "other'' category, which predominantly is composed of primary emitted trace elements in the current model configuration, is also one of the reasons leading to the underestimation of PM2.5 at rural sites. The systematic overestimations of SO42- both at the surface sites and aloft, in part, suggest too much SO2 cloud oxidation due to the overestimation of SO2 and H2O2 in the model. The underestimation of NH4+ at the rural sites and aloft may be attributed to the exclusion of some sources of NH3 in the emission inventory. The systematic underestimations of NO3- may result from the general overestimations of SO42-. Note that there are compensating errors among the underestimation of PM2.5 species (such as total carbonaceous aerosols) and overestimation of PM2.5 species (such as SO42-), leading to generally better performance of PM2.5 mass. The systematic underestimation of biogenic isoprene (by similar to 30%) and terpene (by a factor of 4) suggests that their biogenic emissions may have been biased low, whereas the consistent overestimations of toluene by the model under the different conditions suggest that its anthropogenic emissions might be too high. The contributions of various physical and chemical processes governing the distribution of PM2.5 during this period are investigated through detailed analysis of model process budgets using the integrated process rate (IPR) analysis along back trajectories at five selected locations in Pennsylvania and Georgia. The results show that the dominant processes for PM2.5 formation and removal vary from the site to site, indicating significant spatial variability. C1 [Yu, Shaocai; Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth; Pleim, Jonathan; Young, Jeffrey; Tong, Daniel; Pouliot, George; Rao, S. T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci & Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yu, Shaocai; Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth; Kang, Daiwen; Pleim, Jonathan; Young, Jeffrey; Tong, Daniel; Pouliot, George; Rao, S. T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McKeen, Stuart A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yu, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci & Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D6 AR D06204 DI 10.1029/2007JD009226 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 281XP UT WOS:000254532500003 ER PT J AU Stacey, SP McLaughlin, MJ Cakmak, I Hetitiarachchi, GM Scheckel, KG Karkkainen, M AF Stacey, Samuel P. McLaughlin, Michael J. Cakmak, Ismail Hetitiarachchi, Ganga M. Scheckel, Kirk G. Karkkainen, Michael TI Root uptake of lipophilic zinc-rhamnolipid complexes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chelate; fertilizer; lipophilic; rhamnolipid; zinc ID BIOSURFACTANT; ABSORPTION; CADMIUM; HYPERACCUMULATOR; TRANSLOCATION; CHEMICALS; IFEFFIT; THLASPI; METALS; PLANTS AB This study investigated the formation and plant uptake of lipophilic metal-rhamnolipid complexes. Monorhamnosyl and dirhamnosyl rhamnolipids formed lipophilic complexes with copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn). Rhamnolipids significantly increased Zn absorption by Brassica napus var. Pinnacle roots in Zn-65-spiked ice-cold solutions, compared with ZnSO4 alone. Therefore, rhamnolipid appeared to facilitate Zn absorption via a non metabolically mediated pathway. Synchrotron XRF and XAS showed that Zn was present in roots as Zn-phytate-like compounds when roots were treated with Zn-free solutions, ZnSO4, or Zn-EDTA. With rhamnolipid application, Zn was predominantly found in roots as the Zn-rhamnolipid complex. When applied to a calcareous soil, rhamnolipids increased dry matter production and Zn concentrations in durum (Triticum durum L. cv. Balcali-2000) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BDME-10) shoots. Rhamnolipids either increased total plant uptake of Zn from the soil or increased Zn translocation by reducing the prevalence of insoluble Zn-phytate-like compounds in roots. C1 [Stacey, Samuel P.; McLaughlin, Michael J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [McLaughlin, Michael J.; Hetitiarachchi, Ganga M.; Karkkainen, Michael] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Cakmak, Ismail] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-81474 Istanbul, Turkey. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Stacey, SP (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM samuel.stacey@adelaide.edu.au RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; Cakmak, Ismail/A-2257-2009; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 26 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2112 EP 2117 DI 10.1021/jf0729311 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 276XM UT WOS:000254177000044 PM 18303840 ER PT J AU Hristovski, K Westerhoff, P Moller, T Sylvester, P Condit, W Mash, H AF Hristovski, Kiril Westerhoff, Paul Moller, Teresia Sylvester, Paul Condit, Wendy Mash, Heath TI Simultaneous removal of perchlorate and arsenate by ion-exchange media modified with nanostructured iron (hydr)oxide SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE arsenate; perchlorate; hybrid ion exchange; iron (hydr)oxide; removal; water ID FERRIC HYDROXIDE GFH; ADSORPTION; GROUNDWATER; WATER; GAC; ADSORBENTS; BEHAVIOR; SCALE; EXAFS AB Hybrid ion-exchange (HIX) media for simultaneous removal of arsenate and perchlorate were prepared by impregnation of non-crystalline iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles onto strong base ion-exchange (IX) resins using two different chemical treatment techniques. In situ precipitation of Fe(III) (M treatment) resulted in the formation of sphere-like clusters of nanomaterials with diameters of similar to 5 mn, while KMnO4/Fe(II) treatments yielded rod-like nanomaterials with diameters of 10-50 mn inside the pores of the media. The iron content of most HIX media was >10% of dry weight. The HIX media prepared via the M treatment method consistently exhibited greater arsenate adsorption capacity. The fitted Freundlich adsorption intensity parameters (q = K x C-E(1/n)) for arsenate (1/n < 0.6) indicated favorable adsorption trends. The K values ranged between 2.5 and 34.7 mgAs/g dry resin and were generally higher for the M treated media in comparison to the permanganate treated media. The separation factors for perchlorate over chloride for the HIX media were lower than its untreated counterparts. The HIX prepared via the M treatment, had higher alpha(ClO4-)(Cl-) than the HIX obtained by the KMnO4/Fe(II) treatments suggesting that permanganate may adversely impact the ion-exchange base media. Short bed adsorber (SBA) tests demonstrated that the mass transport kinetics for both ions are adequately rapid to permit simultaneous removal using HIX media in a fixed bed reactor. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hristovski, Kiril] Arizona State Univ, Environm Technol Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Moller, Teresia; Sylvester, Paul] SolmeteX Inc, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Condit, Wendy] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Mash, Heath] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hristovski, K (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Environm Technol Lab, 6075 S WMS Campus Loop W, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM kiril.hristovski@asu.edu; p.westerhoff@asu.edu; tmoller@solmetex.com; psylvester@solmetex.com; conditw@battelle.org; mash.heath@epa.gov RI Hristovski, Kiril/A-6758-2010 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 152 IS 1 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283UB UT WOS:000254660900048 PM 17706347 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Cai, Y Kalla, P Scheidt, D Richards, J Scinto, LJ Gaiser, E Appleby, C AF Liu, Guangliang Cai, Yong Kalla, Peter Scheidt, Daniel Richards, Jennifer Scinto, Leonard J. Gaiser, Evelyn Appleby, Charlie TI Mercury mass budget estimates and cycling seasonality in the Florida everglades SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; GASEOUS MERCURY; NORTHERN EVERGLADES; PERIPHYTON; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; METHYLATION; MACROPHYTES; DEPOSITION; EXCHANGE AB We estimated the mass budget for mercury (Hg) seasonally deposited into the Florida Everglades and investigated seasonality of Hg cycling by analyzing data obtained for water, soil, flocculent detrital material (floc), periphyton, and mosquitofish collected throughout the Everglades freshwater marshes in the 2005 dry and wet seasons. Higher wet season total Hg (THg) in soil, floc, and periphyton agreed with greater Hg amounts entering these compartments during the wet season, probably owing to substantially greater Hg deposition in the wet season than in the dry season. Seasonal differences were absent for THg in surface water. Methylmercury (MeHg) showed mixed seasonal patterns, with higher water and soil MeHg and lower periphyton MeHg in the dry season but no seasonality for floc MeHg. Seasonal variations in Hg deposition, MeHg production and transport, and mass of ecosystem compartments could be responsible for the seasonality of MeHg cycling. Higher mosquitofish THg, higher bioaccumulation factors, and higher biomagnification factors from periphyton to mosquitofish were observed in the wet season than in the dry season, indicating that the wet season is more favorable for Hg bioaccumulation. The mass budget estimation agreed with this result. C1 [Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong; Scinto, Leonard J.; Gaiser, Evelyn] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Kalla, Peter; Appleby, Charlie] US EPA, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Scheidt, Daniel] US EPA, Water Management Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Richards, Jennifer; Gaiser, Evelyn] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Cai, Y (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM cai@fiu.edu RI Cai, Yong/K-9868-2015 OI Cai, Yong/0000-0002-2811-4638 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1954 EP 1960 DI 10.1021/es7022994 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273QV UT WOS:000253947700027 PM 18409620 ER PT J AU Gao, X Chen, H Schwarzschild, MA Logroscino, G Ascherio, A AF Gao, Xiang Chen, Honglei Schwarzschild, Michael A. Logroscino, Giancarlo Ascherio, Alberto TI Perceived imbalance and risk of Parkinson's disease SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE perceived imbalance; Parkinson's disease; prospective study ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE; MALE HEALTH-PROFESSIONALS; REPRODUCIBILITY; VALIDITY; FREQUENCY AB We prospectively examined associations between perceived imbalance and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in the Health Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS), and Nurses' Health Study (NHS). We included 39,087 men and 82,299 women free of PD at baseline (1990) in the current analyses. We documented 449 incident PD cases during 12 years followup. Subjects who reported difficulty with balance before 1990 (baseline) were 1.8 more times likely to develop PD, relative to those who reported no balance difficulty (pooled multivariate RR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5; P < 0.0001). When we further examined associations between perceived imbalance at baseline and PD onset during different time periods, we found a significant elevation of PD risk only during the first 4 years of follow-up. This result suggests that the imbalance may in some cases be an early sign of PD, and may represent the onset of motor symptoms although they have not been clinically recognized. (C) 2008 Movement Disorder Society. C1 [Gao, Xiang; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Logroscino, Giancarlo; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM xgao@hsph.harvard.edu RI LOGROSCINO, GIANCARLO/K-5148-2016; OI LOGROSCINO, GIANCARLO/0000-0003-0423-3242; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101986-02]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS048517-01A2, R01 NS048517] NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 613 EP 616 DI 10.1002/mds.21919 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 285WX UT WOS:000254808000024 PM 18181208 ER PT J AU Hester, SD Nesnow, S AF Hester, Susan D. Nesnow, Stephen TI Transcriptional responses in thyroid tissues from rats treated with a tumorigenic and a non-tumorigenic triazole conazole fungicide SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conazoles; triadimefon; myclobutanil; GSEA; rat; thyroid; genomic profiles; Ppar gamma; tumorigenesis ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENE-EXPRESSION; RODENT CANCER BIOASSAYS; DENSITY DNA MICROARRAY; FOLLICULAR CELL TUMORS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; PROFILING REVEALS; TOXICITY PROFILES; MOUSE-LIVER AB Conazoles are azole-containing fungicides that are used in agriculture and medicine. Conazoles can induce follicular cell adenomas of the thyroid in rats after chronic bioassay. The goal of this study was to identify pathways and networks of genes that were associated with thyroid tumorigenesis through transcriptional analyses. To this end, we compared transcriptional profiles from tissues of rats treated with a tumorigenic and a nontumorigenic conazole. Triadimefon, a rat thyroid tumorigen, and myclobutanil, which was not tumorigenic in rats after a 2-year bioassay, were administered in the feed to male Wistar/Han rats for 30 or 90 days similar to the treatment conditions previously used in their chronic bioassays. Thyroid gene expression was determined using high density Affymetrix GeneChips (Rat 2302). Gene expression was analyzed by the Gene Set Expression Analyses method which clearly separated the tumorigenic treatments (tumorigenic response group (TRG)) from the non-tumorigenic treatments (non-tumorigenic response group (NRG)). Core genes from these gene sets were mapped to canonical, metabolic, and GeneGo processes and these processes compared across group and treatment time. Extensive analyses were performed on the 30-day gene sets as they represented the major perturbations. Gene sets in the 30-day TRG group had over representation of fatty acid metabolism, oxidation, and degradation processes (including PPAR gamma and CYP involvement), and of cell proliferation responses. Core genes from these gene sets were combined into networks and found to possess signaling interactions. In addition, the core genes in each gene set were compared with genes known to be associated with human thyroid cancer. Among the genes that appeared in both rat and human data sets were: Acaca, Asns, Cebpg, Crem, Ddit3, Gja1, Grn, Jun, Junb, and Vegf These genes were major contributors in the previously developed network from triadimefon-treated rat thyroids. It is postulated that triadimefon induces oxidative response genes and activates the nuclear receptor, Ppar gamma, initiating transcription of gene products and signaling to a series of genes involved in cell proliferation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hester, Susan D.; Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hester, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hester.susan@epa.gov NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 357 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.030 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 275RY UT WOS:000254090500005 PM 18164361 ER PT J AU Ahlborn, GJ Nelson, GM Ward, WO Knapp, G Allen, JW Ouyang, M Roop, BC Chen, Y O'Brien, T Kitchin, KT Delker, DA AF Ahlborn, Gene J. Nelson, Gail M. Ward, William O. Knapp, Geremy Allen, James W. Ouyang, Ming Roop, Barbara C. Chen, Yan O'Brien, Thomas Kitchin, Kirk T. Delker, Don A. TI Dose response evaluation of gene expression profiles in the skin of K6/ODC mice exposed to sodium arsenite SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE arsenic; carcinogenesis; skin; K6/ODC mouse; dose response; gene expression ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; CYCLIN D1 OVEREXPRESSION; CHLORIDE CHANNEL PROTEIN; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; DRINKING-WATER; MOUSE SKIN; IN-VIVO; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; TRANSGENIC MICE AB Chronic drinking water exposure to inorganic arsenic and its metabolites increases tumor frequency in the skin of K6/ODC transgenic mice. To identify potential biomarkers and modes of action for this skin tumorigenicity, we characterized gene expression profiles from analysis of K6/ODC mice administered 0, 0.05, 0.25, 1.0 and 10 ppm sodium arsenite in their drinking water for 4 weeks. Following exposure, total RNA was isolated from mouse skin and processed to biotin-labeled cRNA for microarray analyses. Skin gene expression was analyzed with Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChips (R), and pathway analysis was conducted with DAVID (NIH), Ingenuity (R) Systems and MetaCore's GeneGo. Differential expression of several key genes was verified through qPCR. Only the highest dose (10 ppm) resulted in significantly altered KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including MAPK, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Writ, Jak-Stat, Tight junction, Toll-like, phosphatidylinositol and insulin signaling pathways. Approximately 20 genes exhibited a dose response, including several genes known to be associated with carcinogenesis or tumor progression including cyclin D1, CLIC4, Ephrin A1, STAT3 and DNA methyltransferase 3a. Although transcription changes in all identified genes have not previously been linked to arsenic carcinogenesis, their association with carcinogenesis in other systems suggests that these genes may play a role in the early stages of arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis and can be considered potential biomarkers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahlborn, Gene J.; Nelson, Gail M.; Ward, William O.; Knapp, Geremy; Allen, James W.; Roop, Barbara C.; Kitchin, Kirk T.; Delker, Don A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahlborn, Gene J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ouyang, Ming] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Chen, Yan; O'Brien, Thomas] Lankenau Inst Med Res, Wynnewood, PA 19096 USA. RP Delker, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM delker.don@epa.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA76901] NR 156 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 400 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.029 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 275RY UT WOS:000254090500009 PM 18191166 ER PT J AU Smialowicz, RJ DeVito, MJ Williams, W Birnbaum, LS AF Smialowicz, R. J. DeVito, M. J. Williams, Wc. Birnbaum, L. S. TI Relative potency based on hepatic enzyme induction predicts immunosuppressive effects of a mixture of PCDDS/PCDFS and PCBS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TCDD; PCDF; PCB; PFC; antibody response; mouse; immunotoxicity; relative potency ID TOXIC-EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; DEFINED MIXTURE AB The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach was employed to compare immunotoxic potency of mixtures containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TODD), using the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Mixture-1 (MIX-1) contained TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzop-dioxin (PCCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF). Mixture-2 (MIX-2) contained MIX-1 and the following PCBs, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 77), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (126), 3,3',4,4',5,5N-hexachlorobiphenyl (169), 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (105), 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (118), and 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (156). The mixture compositions were based on relative chemical concentrations in food and human tissues. TODD equivalents (TEQ) of the mixture were estimated using relative potency factors from hepatic enzyme induction in mice [DeVito, MJ., Diliberto, J.J., Ross, D.G., Menache, M.G., Birnbaum, L.S., 1997. Dose-response relationships for polybalogenated dioxins and dibenzofurans following subchronic treatment in mice. LCYPIA1 and CYPIA2 enzyme activity in liver, lung and skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 130,197-208; DeVito, M.J., Menache, G., Diliberto, J.J., Ross, D.G., Birnbaum L.S., 2000. Dose-response relationships for induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzyme activity in liver, lung, and skin in female mice following subchronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 167, 157-172] Female mice received 0, 1.5, 15, 150 or 450 ng TCDD/kg/day or approximately 0, 1.5, 15, 150 or 450 ng TEQ/kg/day of MIX-1 or MIX-2 by gavage 5 days per week for 13 weeks. Mice were immunized 3 days after the last exposure and 4 days later, body, spleen, thymus, and liver weights were measured, and antibody response to SRBCs was observed. Exposure to TCDD, MIX-1, and MIX-2 suppressed the antibody response in a dose-dependent manner. Two-way ANOVA indicated no differences in the response between TCDD and the mixtures for body weight, spleen/body weight and decreased antibody responses. The results support the use of the TEF methodology and suggest that immune suppression by dioxin-like chemicals may be of concern at or near background human exposures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smialowicz, R. J.; DeVito, M. J.; Williams, Wc.; Birnbaum, L. S.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), MC-B143-01US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devito.mike@epa.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.018 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 275RY UT WOS:000254090500016 PM 18190939 ER PT J AU Merdink, JL Robison, LM Stevens, DK Hu, M Parker, JC Bull, RJ AF Merdink, J. L. Robison, L. M. Stevens, D. K. Hu, M. Parker, J. C. Bull, R. J. TI Kinetics of chloral hydrate and its metabolites in male human volunteers SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloral hydrate; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethanol; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; human study; individual variation ID B6C3F1 MICE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS; RAS PROTOONCOGENE; GILBERTS-SYNDROME; LIVER-TUMORS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CARCINOGENICITY AB Chloral hydrate (CH) is a short-lived intermediate in the metabolism of trichloroethylene (TRI). TRI, CH, and two common metabolites, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) have been shown to be hepatocarcinogenic in mice. To better understand the pharmacokinetics of these metabolites of TRI in humans, eight male volunteers, aged 24-39, were administered single doses of 500 or 1500mg or a series of three doses of 500 mg given at 48 h intervals, in three separate experiments. Blood and urine were collected over a 7-day period and CH, DCA, TCA, free trichloroethanol (f-TCE), and total trichloroethanol (T-TCE = trichloroethanol and trichloroethanol-glucuronide [TCE-G]) were measured. DCA was detected in blood and urine only in trace quantities (<2 mu M). TCA, on the other hand, had the highest plasma concentration and the largest AUC of any metabolite. The TCA elimination curve displayed an unusual concentration-time profile that contained three distinct compartments within the 7-day follow-up period. Previous work in rats has shown that the complex elimination curve for TCA results largely from the enterohepatic circulation of TCE-G and its subsequent conversion to TCA. As a result TCA had a very long residence time and this, in turn, led to a substantial enhancement of peak concentrations following the third dose in the multiple dose experiment. Approximately 59% of the AUC of plasma TCA following CH administration is produced via the enterohepatic circulation of TCE-G. The AUC for f-TCE was found to be positively correlated with serum bilirubin concentrations. This effect was greatest in one subject that was found to have serum bilirubin concentrations at the upper limit of the normal range in all three experiments. The AUC of f-TCE in the plasma of this individual was consistently about twice that of the other seven subjects. The kinetics of the other metabolites of CH was not significantly modified in this individual. These data indicate that individuals with a more impaired capacity for glucuronidation may be very sensitive to the central nervous system depressant effects of high doses of CH, which are commonly attributed to plasma levels of f-TCE. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Merdink, J. L.] Washington State Univ, Grad Program Pharmacol Toxicol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robison, L. M.; Stevens, D. K.; Hu, M.] Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Parker, J. C.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Hlth & Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. [Bull, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bull, RJ (reprint author), 1928 Meadows Dr N, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rjbull@earthlink.net NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 245 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.018 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 285GE UT WOS:000254764500013 PM 18243465 ER PT J AU Mayer, PM AF Mayer, Paul M. TI Ecosystem and decomposer effects on litter dynamics along an old field to old-growth forest successnional gradient SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; C : N; decomposition; ecosystem; litter; macro detritivore; nitrogen; old-growth forest; old field; succession ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; JUNIPERUS-VIRGINIANA; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL; GRASSLAND; BIODIVERSITY AB Identifying the biotic (e.g. decomposers, vegetation) and abiotic (e.g. temperature, moisture) mechanisms controlling litter decomposition is key to understanding ecosystem function, especially where variation in ecosystem structure due to successional processes may alter the strength of these mechanisms. To identify these controls and feedbacks, I measured mass loss and N flux in herbaceous, leaf, and wood litter along a successional gradient of ecosystem types (old field, transition forest, old-growth forest) while manipulating detritivore access to litter. Ecosystem type, litter type, and decomposers contributed directly and interactively to decomposition. Litter mass loss and N accumulation was higher while litter C:N remained lower in old-growth forests than in either old fields or transition forest. Old-growth forests influenced litter dynamics via microclimate (coolest and wettest) but also, apparently, through a decomposer community adapted to consuming the large standing stocks of leaf litter, as indicated by rapid leaf litter loss. In all ecosystem types, mass loss of herbaceous litter was greater than leaf litter which, in turn was greater than wood. However, net N loss from wood litter was faster than expected, suggesting localized N flux effects of wood litter. Restricting detritivore access to litter reduced litter mass loss and slowed the accumulation of N in litter, suggesting that macro - detritivores affect both physical and chemical characteristics of litter through selective grazing. These data suggest that the distinctive litter loss rates and efficient N cycling observed in old-growth forest ecosystems are not likely to be realized soon after old fields are restored to forested ecosystems. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Mayer, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM mayer.paul@epa.gov NR 60 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 23 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X EI 1873-6238 J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2007.11.001 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285RU UT WOS:000254794700011 ER PT J AU Beach, RH DeAngelo, BJ Rose, S Li, C Salas, W DelGrosso, SJ AF Beach, Robert H. DeAngelo, Benjamin J. Rose, Steven Li, Changsheng Salas, William DelGrosso, Stephen J. TI Mitigation potential and costs for global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Meeting of the International-Association-of-Agricultural-Economists (IAAE) CY AUG 12-18, 2006 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Agr Economists DE greenhouse gas; mitigation; methane; nitrous oxide; abatement costs ID METHANE AB Agricultural activities are a substantial contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for about 58% of the world's anthropogenic non-carbon dioxide GHG emissions and 14% of all anthropogenic GHG emissions, and agriculture is often viewed as a potential source of relatively low-cost emissions reductions. We estimate the costs of GHG mitigation for 36 world agricultural regions for the 2000-2020 period, taking into account net GHG reductions, yield effects, livestock productivity effects, commodity prices, labor requirements, and capital costs where appropriate. For croplands and rice cultivation, we use biophysical, process-based models (DAYCENT and DNDC) to capture the net GHG and yield effects of baseline and mitigation scenarios for different world regions. For the livestock sector, we use information from the literature on key mitigation options and apply the mitigation options to emission baselines compiled by EPA. C1 [Beach, Robert H.] RTI Int, Food & Agr Policy Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [DeAngelo, Benjamin J.; Rose, Steven] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Li, Changsheng] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Salas, William] Appl Geosolut LLC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [DelGrosso, Stephen J.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Res Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Beach, RH (reprint author), RTI Int, Food & Agr Policy Res Program, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rbeach@rti.org NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00286.x PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 282PG UT WOS:000254579100001 ER PT J AU Baird, DD AF Baird, D. D. TI Endocrine events of early pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baird, D. D.] NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 266YJ UT WOS:000253473800020 ER PT J AU Zaykin, DV Shibata, K AF Zaykin, Dmitri V. Shibata, Kyoko TI Genetic flip-flop without an accompanying change in linkage disequilibrium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID PATTERNS C1 [Zaykin, Dmitri V.; Shibata, Kyoko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zaykin, DV (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zaykind@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 8 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 794 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.02.001 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 275JN UT WOS:000254067800025 PM 18319078 ER PT J AU Meyer, LH Neugebauer, K Schnaecker, EM Dankbar, B Wunrau, C Pundt, N Blackshear, P Kollias, G Tuerk, B Redlich, K Wixler, V Pap, T AF Meyer, L. H. Neugebauer, K. Schnaecker, E. M. Dankbar, B. Wunrau, C. Pundt, N. Blackshear, P. Kollias, G. Tuerk, B. Redlich, K. Wixler, V. Pap, T. TI The four and a half LIM only protein 2 (FHL2) is involved in the stable activation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblasts through regulating MMP-13 expression and invasive behaviour SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2008 CL Toulouse, FRANCE C1 [Meyer, L. H.; Neugebauer, K.; Schnaecker, E. M.; Dankbar, B.; Wunrau, C.; Pundt, N.; Pap, T.] Univ Hosp Munster, Munster, Germany. [Blackshear, P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Kollias, G.] Alexander Flemming Biomed Sci Res Ctr, Vari, Greece. [Tuerk, B.; Redlich, K.] Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [Wixler, V.] Univ Hosp Munster, ZMBE, Munster, Germany. RI Kollias, George/A-7079-2012 OI Kollias, George/0000-0003-1867-3150 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 67 SU 1 MA 096 BP A34 EP A34 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 266NP UT WOS:000253443300096 ER PT J AU Neugebauer, K Herzog, C Wunrau, C Pundt, N Meyer, LH Peters, MA Korb, A Stratis, A Schett, G Blackshear, P Kollias, G Pap, T Echtermeyer, F AF Neugebauer, K. Herzog, C. Wunrau, C. Pundt, N. Meyer, L. H. Peters, M. A. Korb, A. Stratis, A. Schett, G. Blackshear, P. Kollias, G. Pap, T. Echtermeyer, F. TI Syndecan-4 regulates cytokine-dependent MMP-production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and mediates joint destruction in TNF-dependent mouse models of arthritis SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2008 CL Toulouse, FRANCE C1 [Neugebauer, K.; Wunrau, C.; Pundt, N.; Meyer, L. H.; Peters, M. A.; Korb, A.; Stratis, A.; Pap, T.] Univ Hosp Munster, Munster, Germany. [Herzog, C.; Echtermeyer, F.] Hannover Med Sch, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. [Schett, G.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. [Blackshear, P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Kollias, G.] Biomed Sci Res Ctr, Vari, Greece. RI Kollias, George/A-7079-2012 OI Kollias, George/0000-0003-1867-3150 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 67 SU 1 MA 100 BP A35 EP A36 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 266NP UT WOS:000253443300100 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Chang, MW Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Jang, Hyeung-Jin Chang, Matthew Wook Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of triclosan on Staphylococcus aureus SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARRIER PROTEIN REDUCTASE; FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERACETIC-ACID; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS AB For the first time, a genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate the cellular response of Staphylococcus aureus to triclosan. Our results indicate that the effects of triclosan are widespread on metabolism, affecting many vital cellular processes. Triclosan downregulated the transcription of genes involved in virulence factor and energy metabolism such as amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid transport, and metabolism, while multidrug resistance genes, coenzyme transport, and metabolism and transcription genes were upregulated. Furthermore, triclosan downregulated the transcription of genes encoding major lipid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA synthetase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which all play essential roles in S. aureus lipid metabolism. It is interesting to note that the expression of the enoyl-ACP reductase gene, fabI, was not changed after exposure of S. aureus with 0.05 mu M triclosan at 10 and 60 min in our study. This work also implies that triclosan may kill S. aureus by interfering with its ability to form cell membranes. Another important implication of our result is that S. aureus may generate resistance factors under triclosan stress. C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Jang, Hyeung-Jin; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chang, Matthew Wook] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore 637459, Singapore. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM matthewchang@ntu.edu.sg; toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov; bentley@eng.umd.edu RI Chang, Matthew/G-6220-2010; jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 BP 695 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1349-x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 272XX UT WOS:000253896100017 PM 18210102 ER PT J AU Butler, TJ Cohen, MD Vermeylen, FM Likens, GE Schmeltz, D Artz, RS AF Butler, Thomas J. Cohen, Mark D. Vermeylen, Frangoise M. Likens, Gene E. Schmeltz, David Artz, Richard S. TI Regional precipitation mercury trends in the eastern USA, 1998-2005: Declines in the Northeast and Midwest, no trend in the Southeast SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury wet deposition; mercury emissions; mercury precipitation concentration ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION; EMISSIONS; AMERICA; CHINA; AREA; WET AB Mercury emissions in the USA declined between the 1990s and the beginning of this decade, largely due to the closure of municipal and medical waste incinerators. Declines in emissions have been greater in the Northeastern (NE) than the Midwestern (MW), and Southeastern (SE) regions of the eastern USA. During this time, global emissions of mercury have declined in Europe but have not declined in Asia and Africa. We have examined the patterns and trends in annual volume-weighted mean precipitation concentration for 33 Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) sites in the eastern USA, for the period 1998-2005. Individual linear regressions indicate that, I I of 12 sites in the NE and all nine sites in the MW show declining patterns in mercury concentration, but only nine of these 21 sites show statistically significant downward trends (p<0.10). For the SE, seven of 12 sites show a decreasing pattern, but only two sites show significant downward trends (p<0.10). Random coefficient models were used to test the trends in mercury concentration for each of the three regions as a whole. These results for the NE and the MW are statistically significant (p<0.01), and show annual declines of -1.70 +/- 0.51% (S.E.) per year, and -3.52 +/- 0.74% per year for the NE and MW, respectively. The SE region as a whole shows no significant trend in mercury concentration during the same period. Different mercury transformation and deposition processes in the SE may account for these results. A comprehensive mercury emissions record was not available for the same 1998-2005 time period as the precipitation concentration analysis. Therefore, while the empirical relation between changing regional mercury emissions and changing precipitation mercury concentrations is suggestive, it cannot be confidently assessed at this time. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Butler, Thomas J.; Cohen, Mark D.; Artz, Richard S.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Vermeylen, Frangoise M.] Cornell Univ, Off Stat Consulting, Ithaca, NY USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Schmeltz, David] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Butler, TJ (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, 211 Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tjb2@cornell.edu RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1582 EP 1592 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.084 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 278CY UT WOS:000254262300017 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Turlington, J Duvall, RV Vicdow, SR Stevens, CD Williams, R AF Olson, David A. Turlington, John Duvall, Rachelle V. Vicdow, Stephen R. Stevens, Carvin D. Williams, Ron TI Indoor and outdoor concentrations of organic and inorganic molecular markers: Source apportionment of PM2.5 using low-volume samples SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic source markers; source apportionment; exposure; Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MATTER EPIDEMIOLOGY-EXPOSURE; BALANCE RECEPTOR MODEL; DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; GAS-PHASE; AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; MASS; BALTIMORE AB Concentrations of PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), 30 organic source markers (13 alkanes, 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones, and 3 hopanes) and 19 inorganic source markers are reported from residential indoor, residential outdoor, and ambient microenvironments from a nine home pilot study conducted in Tampa, Florida. Mean daily PM2.5 concentrations were 9.3 mu g m(-3) for residential indoor, 11.3 mu g m(-3) for residential outdoor, and 12.7 mu g m(-3) for ambient microenvironments. The EPA Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB8.2) was used for source apportionment of PM2.5 residential outdoor samples. Four main sources of PM2.5 were identified: sulfate (55 +/- 6%) (average outdoor PM2.5 +/- S.D.), gasoline-powered motor vehicles (32 +/- 4%), diesel-powered vehicles (8 +/- 2%), and road dust (5 +/- 1%). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olson, David A.; Turlington, John; Duvall, Rachelle V.; Vicdow, Stephen R.; Stevens, Carvin D.; Williams, Ron] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1742 EP 1751 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.035 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 284SO UT WOS:000254726300007 ER PT J AU Pongprueksa, P Lin, CJ Lindberg, SE Jang, C Braverman, T Bullock, OR Ho, TC Chu, HW AF Pongprueksa, Pruek Lin, Che-Jen Lindberg, Steve E. Jang, Carey Braverman, Thomas Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Ho, Thomas C. Chu, Hsing-Wei TI Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models III: Boundary and initial conditions, model grid resolution, and Hg(II) reduction mechanism SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; boundary and initial conditions; CMAQ-Hg; grid resolution; mercury reduction mechanism ID MEASUREMENT NETWORK CAMNET; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; CHEMISTRY; DETECTOR AB In this study, the model response in terms of simulated mercury concentration and deposition to boundary condition (BC), initial condition (IC), model grid resolution (12 km versus 36 km), and two alternative Hg(II) reduction mechanisms, was investigated. The model response to the change of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentration from 0 to 2 ng m(-3) in IC/BC is found to be very linear (r(2) > 0.99) based on the results of sensitivity simulations in July 2001. An increase of 1 ng m(-3) of GEM in BC resulted in an increase of 0.81 ng m(-3) in the monthly average of total mercury concentration, and 1270 ng m(-2) in the monthly total deposition. IC has similar but weaker effects compared to those of BC. An increase of 1 ng m-3 of GEM in IC resulted in an increase of 0.14 ng m(-3) in the monthly average of total mercury concentration, and 250 ng m-2 in the monthly total deposition. Varying reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) or particulate mercury (PHg) in BC/IC has much less significant impact. Simulation results at different grid resolutions show good agreement (slope = 0.950-1.026, r =: 0.816-0.973) in mercury concentration, dry deposition, and total deposition. The agreement in wet deposition is somewhat weaker (slope = 0.770-0.794, r = 0.685-0.892) due to the difference in emission dilution and simulated precipitation that subsequently change reaction rates in the aqueous phase. Replacing the aqueous Hg(II)-HO2, reduction by either RGM reduction by CO (5 x 10(-18) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) or photoreduction of RGM (1 x 10(-5)s(-1)) gives Significantly better model agreement with the wet deposition measured by Mercury Deposition Network (MDN). Possible ranges of the reduction rates are estimated based on model sensitivity results. The kinetic estimate requires further verification by laboratory studies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pongprueksa, Pruek; Lin, Che-Jen] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Lin, Che-Jen] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Lindberg, Steve E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lindberg, Steve E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Jang, Carey; Braverman, Thomas] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bullock, O. Russell, Jr.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ho, Thomas C.] Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Chu, Hsing-Wei] Lamar Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 211 Redbird Lane,ML 10024, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM Jerry.Lin@lamar.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013 OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093 NR 36 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1828 EP 1845 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.020 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 284SO UT WOS:000254726300014 ER PT J AU Sickles, JE Shadwick, DS AF Sickles, Joseph E., II Shadwick, Douglas S. TI Comparison of particulate sulfate and nitrate at collocated CASTNET and IMPROVE sites in the eastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE collocated sampling intercomparison; filter pack; CASTNET; IMPROVE; particulate; sulfate; nitrate ID TRENDS NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION; AMMONIUM; FILTERS; SYSTEM; MASS AB Airborne concentration measurements of particulate SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) from two networks, the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) and Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Network, are compared at 10 collocated sites in the eastern US for the period 1990 through fall of 2006. CASTNET samples are comprised one nominal 168-h sample per week versus 24-h IMPROVE samples collected twice a week or every third day. To permit comparison, CASTNET and IMPROVE concentration data are matched by week and composed into paired seasonal mean concentration values. CASTNET and IMPROVE seasonal mean SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) concentrations are highly correlated, with respective correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.91. Two sites with marine influence display large median biases (MRBs) for NO(3)(-) (-42% and -102%) and smaller MRBs for SO(4)(2-) (-14% and -17%), indicating seasonal mean CASTNET concentrations to be biased higher than corresponding collocated values from IMPROVE at these two sites. Statistically significant median biases (MBs) and MRBs are present for comparisons of seasonal mean CASTNET and IMPROVE SO(4)(2-) concentrations, indicating seasonal mean CASTNET SO(4)(2-) concentrations to be biased 4-7% higher than collocated values from IMPROVE. Larger and more variable MRBs are present for comparisons of seasonal mean CASTNET and IMPROVE NO(3)(-) concentrations. For the 10 collocated sites considered in the current study, MRBs between site-specific seasonal mean CASTNET and IMPROVE NO(3)(-) concentrations range between 39% and -102%, and between 39% and -25% when marine sites are excluded. For the ensemble of all paired sites, the summertime MRB of 44% indicates that CASTNET NO(3)(-) concentrations are biased low, consistent with volatilization losses of particulate NO(3)(-) in the CASTNET sampler at high temperatures and low ambient NO(3)(-) concentrations that are typical during summer. These results should be considered prior to combining data from the CASTNET and IMPROVE (and possibly Chemical Speciation Network, CSN) networks for obtaining more aerially comprehensive representations of the atmosphere or for comparison with air quality model predictions. Biases in particulate SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) concentrations from collocated CASTNET and IMPROVE sites are likely due in part to differences in the configurations of the samplers employed by the two networks (e.g., presence or absence of size-selective inlets). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sickles, Joseph E., II] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shadwick, Douglas S.] Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Sickles, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sickles.joseph@epa.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2062 EP 2073 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.051 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297MM UT WOS:000255620800009 ER PT J AU Gullett, B Touati, A Oudejans, L AF Gullett, Brian Touati, Abderrahmane Oudejans, Lukas TI Use of REMPI-TOFMS for real-time measurement of trace aromatics during operation of aircraft ground equipment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aircraft ground equipment; emissions; auxiliary power unit; REMPI; aromatic air toxics; hazardous air pollutants; measurement; REMPI-TOFMS; real time; diesel generator ID EMISSIONS AB Emissions of aromatic air toxics, from aircraft ground equipment (AGE) were measured with a resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) system consisting of a pulsed solid state laser for photoionization and a TOFMS for mass discrimination. This instrument was capable of characterizing turbine emissions and the effect of varying load operations on pollutant production. REMPI-TOFMS is capable of high selectivity and low detection limits (part per trillion to part per billion) in real time (1s resolution). Hazardous air pollutants and criteria pollutants were measured during startups and idle and full load operations. Measurements of compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared well with standard methods. Startup emissions from the AGE data showed persistent concentrations of pollutants, unlike those from a diesel generator, where a sharp spike in emissions rapidly declined to steady state levels. The time-resolved responses of air toxics concentrations varied significantly by source, complicating efforts to minimize these emissions with common operating prescriptions. The time-resolved measurements showed that pollutant concentrations decline (up to 5 x) in a species-specific manner over the course of multiple hours of operation, complicating determination of accurate and precise emission factors via standard extractive sampling. Correlations of air toxic concentrations with more commonly measured pollutants such as CO or PM were poor due to the relatively greater changes in the measured toxics' concentrations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gullett, Brian] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane; Oudejans, Lukas] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov; touati.dahman@epa.gov; oudejans.lukas@epa.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2117 EP 2128 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.056 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297MM UT WOS:000255620800013 ER PT J AU Iacob, RE Keck, Z Olson, O Foung, SKH Tomer, KB AF Iacob, Roxana E. Keck, Zhenyong Olson, Oakley Foung, Steven K. H. Tomer, Kenneth B. TI Structural elucidation of critical residues involved in binding of human monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C E2 glycoprotein; human neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies; limited proteolysis; differential chemical modification; mass spectrometry; alanine scanning mutagenesis ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; ESCAPE MUTATIONS; SURFACE-TOPOLOGY; T-LYMPHOCYTES; CROSS-LINKING; PROTEIN AB Human monoclonal antibodies derived from B cells of HCV-infected individuals provide information on the immune response to native HCV envelope proteins as they are recognized during infection. Monoclonal antibodies have been useful in the determination of the function and structure of specific immunogenic domains of proteins and should also be useful for the structure/function characterization of HCV E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins. The HCV E2 envelope glycoprotein has at least three immunodistinctive conformation domains, designated A, B, and C. Conformational epitopes within domain B and C are neutralizing antibody targets on HCV pseudoparticles as well as from infectious cell culture virus. In this study, a combination of differential surface modification and mass spectrometric limited proteolysis followed by alanine mutagenesis was used to provide insight into potential conformational changes within the E2 protein upon antibody binding. The arginine guanidine groups in the E2 protein were modified with CHD in both the affinity bound and free states followed by mass spectrometric analysis, and the regions showing protection upon antibody binding were identified. This protection can arise by direct contact between the residues and the monoclonal antibody, or by antibody-induced conformational changes. Based on the mass spectrometric data, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed which clearly identified additional amino acid residues on E2 distant from the site of antibody interaction, whose change to alanine inhibited antibody recognition by inducing conformational changes within the E2 protein. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iacob, Roxana E.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Northeastern Univ, Barnett Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Iacob, Roxana E.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Keck, Zhenyong; Olson, Oakley; Foung, Steven K. H.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA USA. RP Iacob, RE (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Barnett Inst, 341 Mugar Life Sci Bldg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM R.Iacob@neu.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050127-15]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL079381, R01 HL079381-04, HL079381]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047355, R01 AI047355-05, AI047355] NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 1784 IS 3 BP 530 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.12.015 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 285MF UT WOS:000254780200012 PM 18230369 ER PT J AU Henson-Ramsey, H Shea, D Levine, JF Kennedy-Stoskopf, S Taylor, SK Stoskopf, MK AF Henson-Ramsey, Heather Shea, Damian Levine, Jay F. Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne Taylor, Sharon K. Stoskopf, Michael K. TI Assessment of the effect of varying soil organic matter content on the bioavailability of malathion to the common nightcrawler, Lumbricus terrestris L. SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthworm; malathion; bioavailability; soil organic matter ID EARTHWORM EISENIA-FOETIDA; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PARAMETERS; ADSORPTION; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; MODEL AB This study investigated the effect of soil organic matter content on the bioavailability of malathion to the common nightcrawler, Lumbricus terrestris. Earthworms were exposed for 72 h to malathion on two soil types, 8% organic matter and 55% organic matter. Two different measures of bioavailability, malathion body burdens and tissue cholinesterase activities, were then measured in the malathion exposed animals. There were no significant differences in body burden or cholinesterase levels in L. terrestris exposed to malathion on soils with differing organic matter content. This suggests that absorption into organic matter is not a limiting factor of malathion bioavailability to earthworm species. C1 [Henson-Ramsey, Heather] Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Henson-Ramsey, Heather; Levine, Jay F.; Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne; Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Henson-Ramsey, Heather; Levine, Jay F.; Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne; Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Henson-Ramsey, Heather; Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne; Stoskopf, Michael K.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Levine, Jay F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Taylor, Sharon K.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Taylor, Sharon K.] Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. RP Henson-Ramsey, H (reprint author), Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, 500 8th Ave, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. EM hlhensonramsey@lcsc.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9349-6 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 274HX UT WOS:000253993500009 PM 18202811 ER PT J AU Nachman, KE Mihalic, JN Burke, TA Geyh, AS AF Nachman, Keeve E. Mihalic, Jana N. Burke, Thomas A. Geyh, Alison S. TI Comparison of arsenic content in pelletized poultry house waste and biosolids fertilizer SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE roxarsone; biosolids; animal waste; poultry; arsenic ID ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; ROXARSONE; LITTER; SPECIATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CHICKENS AB Managers of human biosolids have been incorporating the practice of waste pelletization for use as fertilizer since the mid 1920s, and waste pelletization has recently been embraced by some poultry producers as a way to move nutrients away from saturated agricultural land. However, the presence of arsenic in pelletized poultry house waste (PPHW) resulting from the use of organoarsenical antimicrobial drugs in poultry production raises concerns regarding additional incremental population exposures. Arsenic concentrations were determined in PPHW and pelletized biosolids fertilizer (PBF) samples. Pellets were processed using strong acid microwave digestion and analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean arsenic concentration in PPHW (20.1 ppm) fell within the lower part of the range of previously report arsenic concentrations in unpelletized poultry house waste. Arsenic concentrations in PBF, the source of which is less clear than for PPHW, were approximately a factor of 5 times lower than those in PPHW, with a mean concentration of 4.1 ppm. The pelletization and sale of these biological waste fertilizers present new pathways of exposure to arsenic in consumer populations who would otherwise not come into contact with these wastes. Arsenic exposures in humans resulting from use of these fertilizer pellets should be quantified to avoid potential unintended negative consequences of managing wastes through pelletization. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachman, Keeve E.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mihalic, Jana N.; Geyh, Alison S.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 20460 USA. RP Nachman, KE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW,EPA W 4339-M,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nachman.keeve@epa.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281BC UT WOS:000254470200012 PM 18023841 ER PT J AU White, D Kiester, AR AF White, Denis Kiester, A. Ross TI Topology matters: Network topology affects outcomes from community ecology neutral models SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE neutral model; community ecology; topology; simulation model; population biology ID SPECIES ABUNDANCE; UNIFIED THEORY; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SIMULATIONS; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS AB Topology affects outcomes of processes in planar networks. Hexagon tessellations have different performance than, and are often superior to, square tessellations in applications such as fluid dynamics, percolation theory, self-avoiding walks, survey sample design, and quantization. Hexagon tessellations and square tessellations using both von Neumann and Moore neighborhoods were examined as a network topology for neutral ecology community models, following the simulation approach of Graham Bell. These models, which assume identical life history and movement properties for each individual of each species, produce collective properties of communities, such as abundance distributions, range distributions, spatial variation in abundance, species-area curves, and spatial variation in species composition, that match many empirical patterns. The simulations in this study varied the dispersal rate but kept birth, death, and immigration rates constant. For these experiments, ending community populations, species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity were clearly different for the different topologies, but the relationship between the topologies varied as the dispersal rate changed. Empirical distributions of the performance measures also showed clear differences among topologies. The interaction of topology with dispersal, spatial boundary effects, and other parameters of these models appears to be quite complex and warrants further research. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kiester, A. Ross] Biodivers Futures Consulting, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP White, D (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM white.denis@epa.gov; rkiester@gmail.com NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.11.002 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 288IS UT WOS:000254980300006 ER PT J AU Pawlowski, CW Cabezas, H AF Pawlowski, Christopher W. Cabezas, Heriberto TI Identification of regime shifts in time series using neighborhood statistics SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear dynamics; alternative dynamic regimes; detection; thresholds; regime shifts; time series; statistical methods ID ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEMS; INFORMATION; EQUILIBRIA; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; LAKES AB Sudden and significant changes in biotic and abiotic variables have been observed across a variety of systems. The identification of such regime shifts in time series includes both model-fitting and statistical approaches. We introduce two methods that use state- or measurement-space neighborhood statistics to pick out regime shifts. Analysis of simulated and real data sets shows that these methods can be an effective means of identifying regime shifts for single variable as well as multivariable time series. In addition, these methods can be used on systems with non-equilibrium steady states. However, care must be taken in interpreting results as these methods do respond to changes in time series that are not consistent with the regime shift concept. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pawlowski, Christopher W.; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.07.005 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 260UB UT WOS:000253034800004 ER PT J AU Peng, T Lu, HF Wu, WL Campbell, DE Zhao, GS Zou, JH Chen, J AF Peng, T. Lu, H. F. Wu, W. L. Campbell, D. E. Zhao, G. S. Zou, J. H. Chen, J. TI Should a small combined heat and power plant (CHP) open to its regional power and heat networks? Integrated economic, energy, and emergy evaluation of optimization plans for Jiufa CHP SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE combined heat and power plant (CHP); emergy synthesis; regional power networks; sustainability ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AB The development of industrial ecology has led company managers to increasingly consider their company's niche in the regional system, and to develop optimization plans. We used emergy-based, ecological-economic synthesis to evaluate two optimization plans for the Jiufa Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant, Shandong China. In addition, we performed economic input-output analysis and energy analysis on the system. The results showed that appropriately incorporating a firm with temporary extra productivity into its regional system will help maximize the total productivity and improve ecological-economic efficiency and benefits to society, even without technical optimization of the firm itself. In addition, developing a closer relationship between a company and its regional system will facilitate the development of new optimization opportunities. Small coal-based CHP plants have lower-energy efficiency, higher environmental loading, and lower sustainability than large fossil fuel and renewable energy-based systems. The emergy exchange ratio (EER) proved to be an important index for evaluating the vitality of highly developed ecological-economic systems. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lu, H. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. [Peng, T.; Wu, W. L.; Zhao, G. S.] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Campbell, D. E.] US EPA, AED, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Zou, J. H.] China Agr Univ, Off Sci Res, Yantai 294001, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.] N China Elect Power Univ, Dept Power Engn, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. RP Lu, HF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM luhf@scbg.ac.cn; wuwenl@cau.edu.cn NR 36 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD MAR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2007.02.004 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 274VO UT WOS:000254031100007 ER PT J AU Keshava, N Eastmond, D AF Keshava, Nagalakshmi Eastmond, David TI Use and application of mode of action in cancer risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRAMEWORK; RELEVANCE C1 [Keshava, Nagalakshmi] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eastmond, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA USA. [Eastmond, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA USA. RP Keshava, N (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1002/em.20371 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 267IZ UT WOS:000253504000001 PM 18286499 ER PT J AU McCarroll, N Keshava, N Cimino, M Chu, M Dearfield, K Keshava, C Kligerman, A Owen, R Protzel, A Putzrath, R Schoeny, R AF McCarroll, Nancy Keshava, Nagalakshmi Cimino, Michael Chu, Margaret Dearfield, Kerry Keshava, Channa Kligerman, Andrew Owen, Russell Protzel, Alberto Putzrath, Resha Schoeny, Rita TI An evaluation of the mode of action framework for mutagenic carcinogens case study: Cyclophosphamide SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE mutagenicity; cyclophosphamide; mode of action; cytotoxicity ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; URINARY-BLADDER; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INVIVO; CANCER; MOUSE; RAT AB In response to the 2005 revised US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Cancer Guidelines, a Risk Assessment Forum's Technical Panel has devised a strategy in which genetic toxicology data combined with other information are assessed to determine whether a carcinogen operates through a mutagenic mode of action (MOA). This information is necessary for EPA to decide whether age-dependent adjustment factors (ADAFs) should be applied to the cancer risk assessment. A decision tree has been developed as a part of this approach and outlines the critical steps for analyzing a compound for carcinogenicity through a mutagenic MOA (e.g., data analysis, determination of mutagenicity in animals and in humans). Agents, showing mutagenicity in animals and humans, proceed through the Agency's framework analysis for MOAs. Cyclophosphamide (CP), an antineoplastic agent, which is carcinogenic in animals and humans and mutagenic in vitro and in vivo, was selected as a case study to illustrate how the framework analysis would be applied to prove that a carcinogen operates through a mutagenic MOA. Consistent positive results have been seen for mutagenic activity in numerous in vitro assays, in animals (mice, rats, and hamsters) and in humans. Accordingly, CP was processed through the framework analysis and key steps leading to tumor formation were identified as follows: metabolism of the parent compound to alkylating metabolites, DNA damage followed by induction of multiple adverse genetic events, cell proliferation, and bladder tumors. Genetic changes in rats (sister chromatid exchanges at 0.62 mg/kg) can commence within 30 min and in cancer patients, chromosome aberrations at 35 mg/kg are seen by 1 hr, well within the timeframe and tumorigenic dose range for early events. Supporting evidence is also found for cell proliferation, indicating that mutagenicity, associated with cytotoxicity, leads to a proliferative response, which occurs early (48 hr) in the process of tumor induction. Overall, the weight of evidence evaluation supports CP acting through a mutagenic MOA. In addition, no data were found that an alternative MOA might be operative. Therefore, the cancer guidelines recommend a linear extrapolation for the risk assessment. Additionally, data exist showing that CP induces mutagenicity in fetal blood and in the peripheral blood of pediatric patients; thus, the ADAFs would be applied. C1 [McCarroll, Nancy; Protzel, Alberto] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Keshava, Nagalakshmi; Chu, Margaret; Keshava, Channa] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cimino, Michael] US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry] USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kligerman, Andrew] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Owen, Russell] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Putzrath, Resha] US EPA, Off Water, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schoeny, Rita] US EPA, Off Water, Senior Sci Advisory, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McCarroll, N (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Div Hlth Effects, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 7509P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mccarroll.nancy@epa.gov NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1002/em.20372 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 267IZ UT WOS:000253504000004 PM 18240158 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JC Keshava, N Evans, MV AF Caldwell, Jane C. Keshava, Nagalakshmi Evans, Marina V. TI Difficulty of mode of action determination for trichloroethylene: An example of complex interactions of metabolites and other chemical exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE dichloroacetic acid; trichloroacetic acid; coexposures; trichloroethylene ID LIVER-TUMOR INDUCTION; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR NAFENOPIN; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; MALE B6C3F(1) MOUSE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; RAT-LIVER; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CELL-PROLIFERATION AB The mode(s) of action (MOA) of a pollutant for adverse health effects may be dependent on the mixture of metabolites resulting from exposure to a single agent and may also be affected by coexposure to pollutants that have similar targets or affected pathways. Trichloroethylene (TCE) can be an useful example for illustration of the complexity coexposure can present to elucidation of the MOA of an agent. TCE exposure has been associated with increased risk of liver and kidney cancer in both laboratory animal and epidemiologic studies. There are a number of TCE metabolites that could play a role in the induction of these effects. Coexposures of other chemicals with TCE typically occurs as a result of environmental cocontamination that include its own metabolites, such as trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and other pollutants with similar metabolites such as perchloroethylene. Behaviors such as alcohol consumption can also potentially modify TCE toxicity through similar MOAs. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s 2001 draft TCE risk assessment, Trichloroethylene (TCE) Health Risk Assessment: Synthesis and Characterization, concluded that it was difficult to determine which of the metabolites of TCE may be responsible for these effects, what key events in their hypothesized MOAs are involved, and the relevance of some of the hypothesized MOAs to humans. Since the publication of U.S. EPA's draft TCE assessment, several studies have been conducted to understand the effects of coexposures to TCE. They cover both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic considerations. This article highlights some of the recently published scientific literature on toxicological interactions between TCE, its metabolites, and other coexposures, including solvents, haloacetates, and ethanol. These studies give insight into both the potential MOAs of TCE exposure itself and putative modulators of TCE toxicity, and illustrate the difficulties encountered in determining the MOAs and modulators of toxicity for pollutants with such complex metabolism and coexposures. C1 [Caldwell, Jane C.; Keshava, Nagalakshmi; Evans, Marina V.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Evans, Marina V.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Caldwell, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Maildrop B105-07,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM caldwell.jane@epa.gov NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1002/em.20350 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 267IZ UT WOS:000253504000006 PM 17973308 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JC Jinot, J DeVoney, D Gift, JS AF Caldwell, Jane C. Jinot, Jennifer DeVoney, Danielle Gift, Jeff S. TI Evaluation of evidence for infection as a mode of action for induction of rat lymphoma SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE methyl tertiary-butyl ether; lymphoma; lymphablastic leukemia; mode of action; risk assessment ID NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; NF-KAPPA-B; NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; RAMAZZINI-FOUNDATION; MYCOPLASMA-PULMONIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CARCINOGENICITY; MICE AB The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a 2006 report questioning the relationship of aspartame exposure with increased incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in a European Ramazzini Foundation (ERF) rat study. The EFSA report suggested that the lymphoma/leukemia findings were most likely explained by infection in the rat colony. The ERF has also conducted the only available long-term oral study of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Thus, using the EFSA report as support, some have now raised questions about the human relevance of MTBE-associated hemolymphoreticular tumors reported by the ERF in female rats as well as whether their incidence was elevated above background levels. In this report, we discuss the hypothesized mode of action (MOA) of infection-induced lymphoma and its relevance to MTBE-associated lymphomas. We address the relationship of rat strain and study duration to lymphoma susceptibility and review evidence of low background rates of this tumor in control animals at the ERF, similar survival rates for female rats at the ERF and National Toxicology Program (NTP), and chemical- and gender-specificity of tumor induction for this type of tumor in studies at the ERF. We find that the background incidence of hemolymphoreticular tumors in female rats in the MTBE study is consistent with contemporaneous studies at the ERF and that there is an exposure-related effect, which is unlikely to be due to infections. We examine more recent tumor classification schemes for lymphomas, which support the combination of lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas reported by Belpoggi et al. C1 [Caldwell, Jane C.; Jinot, Jennifer; DeVoney, Danielle; Gift, Jeff S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Caldwell, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Maildrop B105-07,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM caldwell.jane@epa.gov NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1002/em.20356 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 267IZ UT WOS:000253504000007 PM 18095346 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Limburg, KE Bronk, DA Olney, JE AF Hoffman, Joel C. Limburg, Karin E. Bronk, Deborah A. Olney, John E. TI Overwintering habitats of migratory juvenile American shad in Chesapeake Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Alosa; stable isotope; movement; diet ID NITROGEN ISOTOPE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; CONNECTICUT RIVER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; YORK RIVER; CARBON; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY; FRACTIONATION; GROWTH AB We describe overwintering habitats of age-0 American shad in the lower Chesapeake Bay estuary through analyses of multiple, complementary data sets, including bottom-trawls of the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, stable isotope analysis of American shad and common prey items, and stomach content analysis. This is the first detailed description of overwintering habitats used by young American shad during their first migration to the Atlantic Ocean. American shad generally migrated from their freshwater rearing habitat during November and December and migrated to the ocean during February through March. American shad were captured in all of Virginia's tributaries and along Chesapeake Bay's western coast. These fish were caught in relatively cool waters (5-9 degrees C) over a wide range of salinities (0.1-27.5). Strong selection for certain temperatures or salinities was not apparent. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses demonstrated that juveniles were feeding in the estuary, growing on a diet of estuarine calanoid copepods, mysid shrimps, and larval fishes. The stable isotope data were used to describe temperature- and size-cued migration from fresh water. Temperature was an important cue affecting both the timing and the rate of migration. Further, American shad exhibited at least three different size-related migration behaviors: most juveniles emigrated from the freshwater rearing habitat at 2-5 g (ca. 55-75 mm fork length); other juveniles emigrated at a size of 2 g or less and rapidly moved into the lower estuary; and finally, a few juveniles remained in the upper estuary and did not emigrate until they were 5 g or larger. A few American shad were captured with anomalous stable isotope signatures, which may be explained by migration into the Chesapeake Bay estuary from an adjacent system.We describe overwintering habitats of age-0 American shad in the lower Chesapeake Bay estuary through analyses of multiple, complementary data sets, including bottom-trawls of the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, stable isotope analysis of American shad and common prey items, and stomach content analysis. This is the first detailed description of overwintering habitats used by young American shad during their first migration to the Atlantic Ocean. American shad generally migrated from their freshwater rearing habitat during November and December and migrated to the ocean during February through March. American shad were captured in all of Virginia's tributaries and along Chesapeake Bay's western coast. These fish were caught in relatively cool waters (5-9 degrees C) over a wide range of salinities (0.1-27.5). Strong selection for certain temperatures or salinities was not apparent. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses demonstrated that juveniles were feeding in the estuary, growing on a diet of estuarine calanoid copepods, mysid shrimps, and larval fishes. The stable isotope data were used to describe temperature- and size-cued migration from fresh water. Temperature was an important cue affecting both the timing and the rate of migration. Further, American shad exhibited at least three different size-related migration behaviors: most juveniles emigrated from the freshwater rearing habitat at 2-5 g (ca. 55-75 mm fork length); other juveniles emigrated at a size of 2 g or less and rapidly moved into the lower estuary; and finally, a few juveniles remained in the upper estuary and did not emigrate until they were 5 g or larger. A few American shad were captured with anomalous stable isotope signaturs, which may be explained by migration into the Chesapeake Bay estuary from an adjacent system. C1 [Hoffman, Joel C.; Bronk, Deborah A.; Olney, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Hoffman, Joel C.; Limburg, Karin E.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Hoffman.Joel@epa.gov RI Limburg, Karin/M-8380-2013 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2008 VL 81 IS 3 BP 329 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9204-y PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253TF UT WOS:000252539800010 ER PT J AU Xia, M Huang, R Witt, KL Southall, N Fostel, J Cho, MH Jadhav, A Smith, CS Inglese, J Portier, CJ Tice, RR Austin, CP AF Xia, Menghang Huang, Ruili Witt, Kristine L. Southall, Noel Fostel, Jennifer Cho, Ming-Hsuang Jadhav, Ajit Smith, Cynthia S. Inglese, James Portier, Christopher J. Tice, Raymond R. Austin, Christopher P. TI Compound cytotoxicity profiling using quantitative high-throughput screening SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 1,536-well; cell viability; NTP 1,408 compound library; PubChem; qHTS; RT-CES ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; CHALLENGES; APOPTOSIS; PROGRAM; GROWTH; CELLS AB BACKGROUND: The propensity of compounds to produce adverse health effects in humans is generally evaluated using animal-based test methods. Such methods can be relatively expensive, low-throughput, and associated with pain suffered by the treated animals. In addition, differences in species biology may confound extrapolation to human health effects. OBJECTIVE: The National Toxicology Program and the National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center are collaborating to identify a battery of cell-based screens to prioritize compounds for further toxicologic evaluation. METHODS: A collection of 1,408 compounds previously tested in one or more traditional toxicologic assays were profiled for cytotoxicity using quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in 13 human and rodent cell types derived from six common targets of xenobiotic toxicity (liver, blood, kidney, nerve, lung, skin). Selected cytotoxicants were further tested to define response kinetics. RESULTS: qHTS of these compounds produced robust and reproducible results, which allowed cross-compound, cross-cell type, and cross-species comparisons. Some compounds were cytotoxic to all cell types at similar concentrations, whereas others exhibited species- or cell type-specific cytotoxicity. Closely related cell types and analogous cell types in human and rodent frequently showed different patterns of cytotoxicity. Some compounds inducing similar levels of cytotoxicity showed distinct time dependence in kinetic studies, consistent with known mechanisms of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The generation of high-quality cytotoxicity data on this large library of known compounds using qHTS demonstrates the potential of this methodology to profile a much broader array of assays and compounds, which, in aggregate, may be valuable for prioritizing compounds for further toxicologic evaluation, identifying compounds with particular mechanisms of action, and potentially predicting in vivo biological response. C1 [Xia, Menghang; Huang, Ruili; Southall, Noel; Cho, Ming-Hsuang; Jadhav, Ajit; Inglese, James; Austin, Christopher P.] NIH, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Witt, Kristine L.; Smith, Cynthia S.; Portier, Christopher J.; Tice, Raymond R.] NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Fostel, Jennifer] NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Toxicogenom, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), NIH, NIH Chem Genom Ctr, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Southall, Noel/H-8991-2012; Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Southall, Noel/0000-0003-4500-880X; Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 32 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 24 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1289/ehp.10727 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600022 PM 18335092 ER PT J AU Ruhlen, RL Howdeshell, KL Mao, J Taylor, JA Bronson, FH Newbold, RR Welshons, WV vom Saal, FS AF Ruhlen, Rachel L. Howdeshell, Kembra L. Mao, Jiude Taylor, Julia A. Bronson, Franklin H. Newbold, Retha R. Welshons, Wade V. vom Saal, Frederick S. TI Low phytoestrogen levels in feed increase fetal serum estradiol resulting in the "Fetal Estrogenization Syndrome" and obesity in CD-1 mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE casein; estradiol; fat; glucose tolerance; leptin; metabolic syndrome; obesity; puberty; reproductive organs; soy ID BISPHENOL-A; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE-ORGANS; MOUSE PROSTATE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ISOFLAVONE; GENISTEIN; MECHANISMS; RECEPTORS; CHEMICALS AB BACKGROUND: Although estrogenic chemicals can disrupt development of the reproductive system, there is debate about whether phytoestrogens in soy are beneficial, benign, or harmful. OBJECTIVES: We compared reproductive and metabolic characteristics in male and female mice reared and maintained on non-soy low-phytoestrogen feed or soy-based high-phytoestrogen feed. METHODS: The low-phytoestrogen diet was non-soy PMI 5K96 (verified casein diet), and the high-phytoestrogen diet consisted of soy-based PMI 5008 during pregnancy and lactation and soy-based PMI 5001 maintenance feed after weaning. RESULTS: In fetuses whose mothers consumed the low-phytoestrogen PMI 5K96 feed, we found a paradoxical significant elevation in endogenous serum estradiol, which was associated postnatally with adverse reproductive outcomes referred to as the "fetal estrogenization syndrome (FES)". In females, this syndrome included early puberty and increased uterine responsiveness to estrogen, and in males, it included reduced testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle size, but an enlarged prostate. The low-phytoestrogen-fed males and females were lighter at birth, but, between weaning and adulthood, they became obese and developed abnormally high serum leptin levels; these males, but not females, showed impaired glucose regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Removing phytoestrogens from mouse feed produces an obese phenotype consistent with metabolic syndrome, and the associated reproductive system abnormalities are consistent with FES due to elevated endogenous fetal estradiol. Laboratory rodents may have become adapted to high-phytoestrogen intake over many generations of being fed soy-based commercial feed; removing all phytoestrogens from feed leads to alterations that could disrupt many types of biomedical research. C1 [Ruhlen, Rachel L.; Howdeshell, Kembra L.; Mao, Jiude; Taylor, Julia A.; vom Saal, Frederick S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bronson, Franklin H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Zool, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Newbold, Retha R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dev Endocrinol & Endocrine Disruptor Sect, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Welshons, Wade V.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP vom Saal, FS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM vomsaalf@missouri.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11283, R01 ES011283]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008396] NR 41 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1289/ehp.10448 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600028 PM 18335098 ER PT J AU Hansen, CA Barnett, AG Pritchard, G AF Hansen, Craig A. Barnett, Adrian G. Pritchard, Gary TI The effect of ambient air pollution during early pregnancy on fetal ultrasonic measurements during mid-pregnancy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; fetal growth; pregnancy; temperature; ultrasound ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHILDREN BORN; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION; INFANTS; HEALTH AB BACKGROUND: Over the past decade there has been mounting evidence that ambient air pollution during pregnancy influences fetal growth. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine possible associations between fetal ultrasonic measurements collected from 15,623 scans (13-26 weeks gestation) and ambient air pollution during early pregnancy. METHODS: We calculated mothers' average monthly exposures over the first 4 months of pregnancy for the following pollutants: particulate matter < 10 mu m aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. We examined associations with fetal femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Final analyses included scans from only those women within 2 km of an air pollution monitoring site. We controlled for long-term trend, season, temperature, gestation, mother's age, socioeconomic status, and fetal sex. RESULTS: A reduction in fetal AC was associated with O-3 during days 31-60 [-1.42 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.74 to -0.09], SO2 during days 61-90 (-1.67 mm; 95% CI, -2.94 to -0.40), and PM10 during days 91-120 (-0.78 mm; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.08). Other results showed a reduction in BPD (-0.68 mm; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.27) associated with SO2 during days 0-30, a reduction in HC (-1.02 mm; 95% CI, -1.78 to -0.26) associated with PM10 during days 91-120, and a reduction in FL associated with PM10 during days 0-30 (-0.28 mm; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.08) and 91-120 (-0.23; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.04). CONCLUSION: We found strong effects of ambient air pollution on ultrasound measures. Future research, including more individually detailed data, is needed to confirm our results. C1 [Hansen, Craig A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Med, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Barnett, Adrian G.] Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Pritchard, Gary] PacUser, Paddington, Qld, Australia. RP Hansen, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Drop B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Hansen.Craig@epamail.epa.gov RI Barnett, Adrian/I-9850-2012; Hansen, Craig /C-7543-2014; OI Hansen, Craig /0000-0002-5227-0155; Barnett, Adrian/0000-0001-6339-0374 NR 50 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.1289/ehp.10720 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600034 PM 18335104 ER PT J AU Heindel, JJ vom Saal, FS AF Heindel, Jerrold J. Saal, Frederick S. vom TI Meeting report: Batch-to-batch variability in estrogenic activity in commercial animal diets - Importance and approaches for laboratory animal research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE animal diets; batch-to-batch variability; bioassay; estrogenic contaminants; isoflavones; phytoestrogens ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BISPHENOL-A; PHYTOESTROGEN CONTENT; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ISOFLAVONE LEVELS; RODENT DIETS; CD-1 MICE; GENISTEIN; DAIDZEIN; METABOLISM AB We report information from two workshops sponsored by the National Institutes of Health that were held to a) assess whether dietary estrogens could significantly impact end points in experimental animals, and b) involve program participants and feed manufacturers to address the problems associated with measuring and eliminating batch-to-batch variability in rodent diets that may lead to conflicting findings in animal experiments within and between laboratories. Data were presented at the workshops showing that there is significant batch-to-batch variability in estrogenic content of commercial animal diets, and that this variability results in differences in experimental outcomes. A combination of methods were proposed to determine levels of total estrogenic activity and levels of specific estrogenic constituents in soy-containing, casein-containing, and other soy-free rodent diets. Workshop participants recommended that researchers pay greater attention to the type of diet being used in animal studies and choose a diet whose estrogenic activity (or lack thereof) is appropriate for the experimental model and end points of interest. Information about levels of specific phytoestrogens, as well as estrogenic activity caused by other contaminants and measured by bioassay, should be disclosed in scientific publications. This will require laboratory animal diet manufacturers to provide investigators with information regarding the phytoestrogen content and other estrogenic compounds in commercial diets used in animal research. C1 [Heindel, Jerrold J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular Organs & Syst Pathobiol Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Saal, Frederick S. vom] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Heindel, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular Organs & Syst Pathobiol Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD 3-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM heindelj@niehs.nih.gov NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1289/ehp.10524 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600038 PM 18335108 ER PT J AU Waalkes, MP Liu, J AF Waalkes, Michael P. Liu, Jie TI Early-life arsenic exposure: Methylation capacity and beyond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-UTERO; ADULTS; MICE C1 [Waalkes, Michael P.; Liu, Jie] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NCI, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Waalkes, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NCI, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM waalkes@niehs.nih.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP A104 EP A104 DI 10.1289/ehp.11276 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269SN UT WOS:000253670600001 PM 18335070 ER PT J AU Morrice, JA Danz, NP Regal, RR Kelly, JR Niemi, GJ Reavie, ED Hollenhorst, T Axler, RP Trebitz, AS Cotter, AM Peterson, GS AF Morrice, John A. Danz, Nicholas P. Regal, Ronald R. Kelly, John R. Niemi, Gerald J. Reavie, Euan D. Hollenhorst, Tom Axler, Richard P. Trebitz, Anett S. Cotter, Anne M. Peterson, Gregory S. TI Human influences on water quality in Great Lakes coastal wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; nutrients; anthropogenic stress; landscape; coastal wetlands; Great Lakes; biogeography; hydrogeomorphic classification ID LAND-USE; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; NUTRIENTS; BASIN; HYDROLOGY; STREAMS; COVER; PHOSPHORUS; INDICATORS; REGRESSION AB A better understanding of relationships between human activities and water chemistry is needed to identify and manage sources of anthropogenic stress in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. The objective of the study described in this article was to characterize relationships between water chemistry and multiple classes of human activity (agriculture, population and development, point source pollution, and atmospheric deposition). We also evaluated the influence of geomorphology and biogeographic factors on stressor-water quality relationships. We collected water chemistry data from 98 coastal wetlands distributed along the United States shoreline of the Laurentian Great Lakes and GIS-based stressor data from the associated drainage basin to examine stressor-water quality relationships. The sampling captured broad ranges (1.5-2 orders of magnitude) in total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total suspended solids (TSS), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and chloride; concentrations were strongly correlated with stressor metrics. Hierarchical partitioning and all-subsets regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent influence of different stressor classes on water quality and to identify best predictive models. Results showed that all categories of stress influenced water quality and that the relative influence of different classes of disturbance varied among water quality parameters. Chloride exhibited the strongest relationships with stressors followed in order by TN, Chl a, TP, TSS, and DIN. In general, coarse scale classification of wetlands by morphology (three wetland classes: riverine, protected, open coastal) and biogeography (two ecoprovinces: Eastern Broadleaf Forest [EBF] and Laurentian Mixed Forest [LMF]) did not improve predictive models. This study provides strong evidence of the link between water chemistry and human stress in Great Lakes coastal wetlands and can be used to inform management efforts to improve water quality in Great Lakes coastal ecosystems. C1 [Morrice, John A.; Kelly, John R.; Trebitz, Anett S.; Cotter, Anne M.; Peterson, Gregory S.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Danz, Nicholas P.; Niemi, Gerald J.; Reavie, Euan D.; Hollenhorst, Tom; Axler, Richard P.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Regal, Ronald R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math & Stat, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Niemi, Gerald J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Reavie, Euan D.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Ely, MN 55731 USA. RP Morrice, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM morrice.john@epa.gov OI Reavie, Euan/0000-0001-8871-5809 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9055-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263BH UT WOS:000253192100005 PM 18097715 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Woodruff, TJ Akinbami, LJ Kravets, N AF Parker, Jennifer D. Woodruff, Tracey J. Akinbami, Lara J. Kravets, Nataliya TI Linkage of the US National Health Interview Survey to air monitoring data: An evaluation of different strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE air pollution; health status; selection bias; National Health Interview Survey; fine particles ID EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT ERROR; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; INFANT-MORTALITY; POLLUTION; MORBIDITY; CONSEQUENCES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; CONFOUNDER AB The goal of this study is to describe linkages between the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air monitoring data, specifically how the linkage method affects characteristics and exposure estimates of study samples and estimated associations between exposure and health. In the USA, nationally representative health data are collected in the NHIS and annual air quality data are collected by the EPA. The linkage of these data for research is not straightforward and the choices made may introduce bias into results. The 2000-2003 NHIS and air quality data for six air pollutants were linked by residential block group and monitor location, which differ by pollutants. For each pollutant, three annual exposure variables were assigned to respondents: (1) average of all monitors in the county, (2) of monitors within a 5-mile radius of the distance between block group and monitor, and (3) within a 20-mile radius. Exposure estimates, study sample characteristics, and association between fine particle exposure and respondent-reported health status were compared for different geographic linkage methods. The results showed that study sample characteristics varied by geographic linkage method and pollutant linked. Generally, the fewer the NHIS respondents linked, the higher is the pollution exposure and lower is the percentage of non-Hispanic whites. After adjustment for sociodemographic and geographic factors, associations between fine particles and health status were generally comparable across study samples. Because exposure information is not available for all potential participants in an epidemiological study, selection effects should be considered when drawing inferences about air quality-health associations. With the current monitoring data system, the study sample is substantially reduced when linkage to multiple pollutants is performed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker, Jennifer D.; Akinbami, Lara J.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Woodruff, Tracey J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6107, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jdparker@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 384 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.11.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 284TG UT WOS:000254728100014 PM 18078922 ER PT J AU Luecken, DJ Mebust, MR AF Luecken, D. J. Mebust, M. R. TI Technical challenges involved in implementation of VOC reactivity-based control of ozone SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INCREMENTAL REACTIVITIES; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; URBAN OZONE; ISSUES; UNCERTAINTIES AB Controlling VOC emissions on the basis of their individual contribution to ozone formation has been subject to extensive discussion and research in past years, and the concept has gained some acceptance in the air pollution community for certain product categories and industrial operations. Despite its potential to decrease ozone formation, there are some technical challenges that still remain before we can confidently apply the concept of reactivity in the most beneficial manner to reduce ozone concentrations. The goal of this paper is to (1) assess how existing science in this area supports the use of reactivity, particularly, the maximum incremental reactivity, for VOC control under a national policy application and (2) identify where uncertainties exist that could affect such a policy. Box model and air quality model results are used to show that there are ways to describe a chemical's reactivity that are relatively robust across large geographic areas. Modeling results also indicate that the choice of metric is important in determining the potential benefits and detriments of a reactivity-based emission control policy. C1 [Luecken, D. J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Mebust, M. R.] SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, MD E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM luecken.deborah@epa.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1615 EP 1622 DI 10.1021/es071036v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267PK UT WOS:000253521300040 PM 18441811 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Wilkin, RT Ford, RG Kelly, SD AF Beak, Douglas G. Wilkin, Richard T. Ford, Robert G. Kelly, Shelly D. TI Examination of arsenic speciation in sulfidic solutions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXISTING EXPERIMENTAL-DATA; FINE-STRUCTURE; WATERS; SOLUBILITY; AS(III); COMPLEXES; AS2S3; LAKE; STOICHIOMETRY; THIOARSENATES AB Both thioarsenites and thioarsenates have been demonstrated to exist in sulfidic waters, yet there is uncertainty regarding the geochemical conditions that govern the formation of these arsenic species. The purpose of this research was to use advanced spectroscopy techniques, speciation modeling, and chromatography to elucidate the chemical speciation of arsenic in sulfidic solutions initially containing arsenite and sulfide. Results of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that experimental solutions contained mixtures of arsenite and thioarsenites with increasing substitution of sulfur for oxygen on arsenic as the sulfide concentration increased. Experimental samples showed no evidence of polymeric arsenic species, or transformation of thioarsenites to thioarsenates. The arsenic speciation measured using XAS was similar to predictions obtained from a thermodynamic model for arsenic speciation, excluding thioarsenate species in sulfidic systems. Our data cast some doubt on the application of chromatographic methods for determining thioarsenates and thioarsenites (or mixtures) in natural waters in cases where the arsenic oxidation state cannot be independently verified. The same chromatographic peak positions proposed for thioarsenates can be explained by thioarsenite species. Furthermore, sample dilution was shown to change the species distribution and care should be taken to avoid sample dilution prior to chromatographic analysis. C1 [Beak, Douglas G.; Wilkin, Richard T.; Ford, Robert G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kelly, Shelly D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beak, DG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM beak.douglas@epa.gov RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1650 DI 10.1021/es071858s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267PK UT WOS:000253521300044 PM 18441815 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Jegadeesan, G Scheckel, KG Tolaymat, T AF Al-Abed, Souhail R. Jegadeesan, Gautham Scheckel, Kirk G. Tolaymat, Thabet TI Speciation, characterization, and mobility of As, Se, and Hg in flue gas desulphurization residues SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRED POWER-PLANT; FLY-ASH; COAL COMBUSTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MERCURY; SELENIUM; FRACTIONATION; PRODUCTS; LIME; SPECTROSCOPY AB Flue gas from coal combustion contains significant amounts of volatile toxic trace elements such as arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg). The capture of these elements in the flue gas desulphurization (FGD) scrubber unit has resulted in generation of a metal-laden residue. With increasing reuse of the FGD residues in beneficial applications, it is important to determine metal speciation and mobility to understand the environmental impact of its reuse. In this paper, we report the solid phase speciation of As, Se, and Hg in FGD residues using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and sequential chemical extraction (SCE) techniques. The SCE results combined with XRF data indicated a strong possibility of As association with iron oxides, whereas Se was distributed among all geochemical phases. Hg appeared to be mainly distributed in the strong-complexed phase. XRF images also suggested a strong association of Hg with Fe oxide materials within FGD residues. XAS analysis indicated that As existed in its oxidized state (As(V)), whereas Se and Hg was observed in primarily reduced states as selenite (Se(IV)) and Hg(I), respectively. The results from the SCE and variable pH leaching tests indicated that the labile fractions of As, Se, and Hg were fairly low and thus suggestive of their stability in the FGD residues. However, the presence of a fine fraction enriched in metal content in the FGD residue suggested that size fractionation is important in assessing the environmental risks associated with their reuse. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.; Scheckel, Kirk G.; Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, Gautham] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1693 EP 1698 DI 10.1021/es702479n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267PK UT WOS:000253521300051 PM 18441822 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Bakshi, BR Demessie, ES AF Zhang, Yi Bakshi, Bhavik R. Demessie, E. Sahle TI Life cycle assessment of an ionic liquid versus molecular solvents and their applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; GREEN CHEMISTRY; HYDROGENATION; CATALYSIS; ACCELERATION; FUTURE AB Ionic liquids (ILs) have been claimed as "greener" replacements to molecular solvents. However, the environmental impacts of the life cycle phases and comparison with alternative methods have not been studied. Such a life cycle assessment (LCA) is essential before any legitimate claims of "greenness" can be made and is the subject of this paper. The model IL selected is 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) and its use as a solvent for the manufacture of cyclohexane and in a Diels-Alder reaction was assessed. These uses are compared with more conventional synthesis methods. The results indicate that processes that use IL are highly likely to have a larger life cycle environmental impact than more conventional methods. Sensitivity analysis shows that the result is robust to errors and variation in the data. For cyclohexane synthesis, the industrial gas phase process is the greenest, but the three solvents compared for the Diels-Alder reaction showed comparable life cycle impact. Although ILs are not the most attractive alternatives, the result may change if their separation efficiency, stability and recyclability are improved. Because there are many kinds of ILs,with many applications, two examples are not enough to reach any general conclusions about the greenness of all ILs. However, the life cycle data and approach of this study can be used for evaluating the greenness of more kinds of solvents, processes, and emerging technologies. C1 [Zhang, Yi; Bakshi, Bhavik R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Demessie, E. Sahle] US EPA, Clean Processes Branch, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Bakshi, BR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bakshi.2@osu.edu RI Bakshi, Bhavik/G-3878-2012; OI Bakshi, Bhavik/0000-0002-6604-8408 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1724 EP 1730 DI 10.1021/es0713983 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267PK UT WOS:000253521300056 PM 18441827 ER PT J AU Burkhard, LP Lukasewycz, MT AF Burkhard, Lawrence P. Lukasewycz, Marta T. TI Toxicity equivalency values for polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; aroclor; clophen; Kanechlor; toxicity equivalents ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; COMMERCIAL PCB FORMULATIONS; CONGENER-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS; CHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; RELATIVE POTENCIES; P-DIOXINS; YUSHO OIL; NAPHTHALENES; KANECHLOR AB For aquatic, avian, and mammalian species, dioxin equivalency values (TEQs) were computed for Aroclor, Clophen, Kanechlor, Chlorofen, Sovol, Delor, Phenoclor, and Chinese polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures by using World Health Organization toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) and compound-specific compositional data for PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) for the individual mixtures. The TEQs were similar across the different PCB product lines for mixtures of similar chlorine content. Depending on the PCB mixture, the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the mixture contributed anywhere from 0 to 96% of the total TEQs, and the impact of PCDD/Fs was greatest for the fish TEQs. In comparison to the dioxin-like PCBs, few measurements have been performed for PCDD/Fs in the commercial PCB products. C1 [Burkhard, Lawrence P.; Lukasewycz, Marta T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Burkhard, LP (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM burkhard.lawrence@epa.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1897/07-349.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500004 PM 17967071 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Biales, A Bencic, D Lattier, D Kostich, M Villeneuve, D Ankley, GT Lazorchak, J Toth, G AF Wang, Rong-Lin Biales, Adam Bencic, David Lattier, David Kostich, Mitch Villeneuve, Dan Ankley, Gerald T. Lazorchak, Jim Toth, Greg TI DNA microarray application in ecotoxicology: Experimental design, microarray scanning, and factors affecting transcriptional profiles in a small fish species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microarray; design; scan; zebrafish; ecotoxicology ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CONTROL MAQC PROJECT; FATHEAD MINNOW; REPRODUCIBILITY; ISSUES; RELIABILITY; PLATFORMS; DISCOVERY; ASSAY AB The research presented here is part of a larger study of the molecular mode of action of endocrine-disrupting chemicals targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). It addresses several issues critical to microarray application in aquatic ecotoxicology: experimental design, microarray scanning, gene expression intensity distribution, and the effect of experimental parameters on the zebrafish transcriptome. Expression profiles from various tissues of individual zebrafish exposed to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (30 ng/L), fadrozole (25 mu g/L), or 17 beta-trenbolone (3.0 mu g/L) for 48 or 96 h were examined with the Agilent Oligo Microarray (G2518A). As a flexible and efficient alternative to the designs commonly used in microarray studies, an unbalanced incomplete block design was found to be well suited for this work, as evidenced by high data reproducibility, low microarray-to-microarray variability, and little gene-specific dye bias. Random scanner noise had little effect on data reproducibility. A low-level, slightly variable Cyanine 3 (Cy3) contaminant was revealed by hyperspectral imaging, suggesting fluorescence contamination as a potential contributor to the large variance associated with weakly expressed genes. Expression intensities of zebrafish genes were skewed toward the lower end of their distribution range, and more weakly expressed genes tended to have larger variances. Tissue type, followed in descending order by gender, chemical treatment, and exposure duration, had the greatest effect on the overall gene expression profiles, a finding potentially critical to experimental design optimization. Overall, congruence was excellent between quantitative polymerase chain reaction results and microarray profiles of 13 genes examined across a subset of 20 pairs of ovarian samples. These findings will help to improve applications of microarrays in future ecotoxicological studies. C1 [Wang, Rong-Lin; Biales, Adam; Bencic, David; Lattier, David; Kostich, Mitch; Lazorchak, Jim; Toth, Greg] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villeneuve, Dan; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wang.ron-lin@epa.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 652 EP 663 DI 10.1897/07-191.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500021 PM 17990945 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Bencic, D Biales, A Lattier, D Kostich, M Villeneuve, D Ankley, GT Lazorchak, J Toth, G AF Wang, Rong-Lin Bencic, David Biales, Adam Lattier, David Kostich, Mitch Villeneuve, Dan Ankley, Gerald T. Lazorchak, Jim Toth, Greg TI DNA microarray-based ecotoxicological biomarker discovery in a small fish model species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE algorithm; zebrafish; microarray; ecotoxicology; biomarker ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; CANCER-DIAGNOSIS; FATHEAD MINNOW; ALGORITHMS; SIGNATURES; SAMPLES AB As potential biomarkers, gene classifiers are gene expression signatures or patterns capable of distinguishing biological samples belonging to different classes or conditions. This is the second of two papers on profiling gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals of different modes of action, with a focus on comparative analysis of microarray data for gene classifier discovery. Various combinations of gene feature selection/class prediction algorithms were evaluated. with the use of microarray data organized by a chemical stressor or tissue type, for their accuracy in determining the class memberships of independent test samples. Two-way clustering of gene classifiers and treatment conditions offered another alternative to assess the performance of these potential biomarkers. Both gene feature selection methods and class prediction algorithms were shown to be important in identifying successful gene classifiers. The genetic algorithm and support vector machine yielded classifiers with the best prediction accuracy, regardless of sample size, nature of class prediction, and data complexity. A chemical stressor significantly altering the expression of a greater number of genes tended to generate gene classifiers with better performance. All combinations of gene feature selection/class prediction algorithms performed similarly well with data of high signal to noise ratio. Gene classifier discovery and application on the basis of individual sampling and sample data pooling, respectively, were found to enhance class predictions. Gene expression profiles of the top gene classifiers, identified from both microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, displayed greater similarity between fadrozole and 17 beta-trenbolone than either one to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol. These gene classifiers could serve as potential biomarkers of exposure to specific classes of endocrine disruptors. C1 [Wang, Rong-Lin; Bencic, David; Biales, Adam; Lattier, David; Kostich, Mitch; Lazorchak, Jim; Toth, Greg] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villeneuve, Dan; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martine Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wang.rong-lin@epa.gov NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 664 EP 675 DI 10.1897/07-192.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500022 PM 17990946 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Vivian, D Yee, SH Diamond, SA AF Barron, Mace G. Vivian, Deborah Yee, Susan H. Diamond, Steve A. TI Temporal and spatial variation in solar radiation and photoenhanced toxicity risks of spilled oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phototoxicity; oil; risk; ultraviolet radiation ID SLOPE CRUDE-OIL; WEATHERED OIL; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; WATERS; LARVAE; PHOTOTOXICITY; SALMON AB Solar irradiance (W/m(2)) and downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficients (K(d); 1/m) were determined in several locations in Prince William Sound (AK, USA) between April 2003 and December 2005 to assess temporal and spatial variation in solar radiation and the risks of photo-enhanced toxicity from spilled oil. Weekly irradiance measurements of surface visible light, ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation in Valdez (AK, USA) followed expected trends of maximum solar irradiance at each summer solstice and minimum values at each winter solstice. Variation from weekly maximum expected surface irradiances was attributed to large variations in environmental conditions over the 142-week monitoring period. Season and proximity to glacial meltwater were significant determinants of K(d), with 1% attenuation depths ranging from 0.4 to 15 in (UVB and UVA) and from 0.5 to 28 in (visible light). The probability of photo-enhanced toxicity risks estimated from UVA dosimetry decreased with increasing water depth, with higher risks during spring and summer and lower risks during fall and winter. These results demonstrate substantial temporal and spatial variation in solar radiation in Prince William Sound and the potential for significant season- and location-specific photo-enhanced toxicity risks from spilled oil. C1 [Barron, Mace G.; Vivian, Deborah; Yee, Susan H.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Diamond, Steve A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 727 EP 736 DI 10.1897/07-317.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500029 PM 17983275 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Diaz, S Wilcox, AJ Schisterman, EF Hernan, MA AF Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia Wilcox, Allen J. Schisterman, Enrique F. Hernan, Miguel A. TI From causal diagrams to birth weight-specific curves of infant mortality SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; mortality; curves; DAGs; paradox AB This report explores the low birth weight paradox using two graphical approaches: causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and the empirical curves of the birth weight distribution and birth weight-specific mortality. The birth weight curves are able to represent the associations quantitatively, while the corresponding causal DAGs provide a set of plausible explanations for the findings. Taken together, these two approaches can facilitate discussion of underlying biological mechanisms. C1 [Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia; Hernan, Miguel A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC USA. [Schisterman, Enrique F.] NICHHD, Natl Inst Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hernandez-Diaz, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM shernan@hsph.harvard.edu OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311; Schisterman, Enrique/0000-0003-3757-641X FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0014367067, Z01 HD008795-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL080644, R01-HL080644] NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10654-007-9220-4 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 265GW UT WOS:000253348100001 PM 18224448 ER PT J AU Lardinois, OM Detweiler, CD Tomer, KB Mason, RP Deterding, LJ AF Lardinois, Olivier M. Detweiler, Charles D. Tomer, Kenneth B. Mason, Ronald P. Deterding, Leesa J. TI Identifying the site of spin trapping in proteins by a combination of liquid chromatography, ELISA, and off-line tandem mass spectrometry SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE immuno-spin trapping; DMPO; protein radical; amino acid radical; mass spectrometry; hemoglobin; myoglobin ID CYTOCHROME-C PEROXIDASE; SPERM-WHALE MYOGLOBIN; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RADICAL FORMATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NITRIC-OXIDE; IDENTIFICATION; OXIDATION; H2O2; METMYOGLOBIN AB An off-line mass spectrometry method that combines immuno-spin trapping and chromatographic procedures has been developed for selective detection of the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) covalently attached to proteins, an attachment which occurs only subsequent to DMPO trapping of free radicals. In this technique, the protein-DMPO nitrone adducts are digested to peptides with proteolytic agents, peptides from the enzymatic digest are separated by HPLC, and enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assays (ELISA) using polyclonal anti-DMPO nitrone antiserum are used to detect the eluted HPLC fractions that contain DMPO nitrone adducts. The fractions showing positive ELISA signals are then concentrated and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This method, which constitutes the first liquid chromatography-ELISA-mass spectrometry (LC-ELISA-MS)-based strategy for selective identification of DMPO-trapped protein residues in complex peptide mixtures, facilitates location and preparative fractionation of DMPO nitrone adducts for further structural characterization. The strategy is demonstrated for human hemoglobin, horse heart myoglobin, and sperm whale myoglobin, three globin proteins known to form DMPO-trappable protein radicals on treatment with H2O2. The results demonstrate the power of the new experimental strategy to select DMPO-labeled peptides and identify sites of DMPO covalent attachments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tomer, Kenneth B.; Deterding, Leesa J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Sturct Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lardinois, Olivier M.; Detweiler, Charles D.; Mason, Ronald P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Deterding, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Sturct Biol, POB 12233,MD F0-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM deterdi2@nichs.nih.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050153-12, Z99 ES999999] NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 893 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.015 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 265OI UT WOS:000253369000015 PM 18160050 ER PT J AU Bynote, KK Hackenberg, JM Korach, KS Lubahn, DB Lane, PH Gould, KA AF Bynote, K. K. Hackenberg, J. M. Korach, K. S. Lubahn, D. B. Lane, P. H. Gould, K. A. TI Estrogen receptor-alpha deficiency attenuates autoimmune disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE lupus; autoimmunity; mouse; estrogen receptor alpha; immunologic tolerance ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; MURINE LUPUS; KLINEFELTERS-SYNDROME; TARGETED DISRUPTION; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; GENETIC DISSECTION; DNA ANTIBODIES; SEX-HORMONES; MOUSE MODEL AB Estrogens promote lupus in humans and some mouse models of this disease. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of estrogen receptors in lupus pathogenesis. Here, we report that in females on the lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F-1 background, disruption of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha or Esr1) attenuated glomerulonephritis and increased survival. ER alpha deficiency also retarded development of anti-histone/DNA antibodies, suggesting that ER alpha promotes loss of immunologic tolerance. Furthermore, ER alpha deficiency in (NZB x NZW)F-1 females attenuated the subsequent development of anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgG antibodies, which are associated with glomerulonephritis in this model. We provide evidence that ER alpha may promote lupus, at least in part, by inducing interferon-gamma, an estrogen-regulated cytokine that impacts this disease. ER alpha deficiency in (NZB x NZW)F-1 males increased survival and reduced anti-dsDNA antibodies, suggesting that ER alpha also modulates lupus in males. These studies demonstrate that ER alpha, rather than ER beta, plays a major role in regulating autoimmunity in (NZB x NZW)F-1 mice. Furthermore, our results suggest for the first time that ER alpha promotes lupus, at least in part, by impacting the initial loss of tolerance. These data suggest that targeted therapy disrupting ER alpha, most likely within the immune system, may be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of lupus. C1 [Bynote, K. K.; Hackenberg, J. M.; Gould, K. A.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Med, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Bynote, K. K.; Gould, K. A.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Med, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Korach, K. S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Receptor Biol Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lubahn, D. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. [Lubahn, D. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Lubahn, D. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Lubahn, D. B.] Univ Missouri, MU Ctr Phytonutr & Phytochem Studies, Columbia, MO USA. [Lane, P. H.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Gould, KA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Ctr Med, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM kagould@unmc.edu NR 65 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6364458 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 271VA UT WOS:000253815600007 PM 18200028 ER PT J AU Chulada, PC Vahdat, HL Sharp, RR DeLozier, TC Watkins, PB Pusek, SN Blackshear, PJ AF Chulada, Patricia C. Vahdat, Heather L. Sharp, Richard R. DeLozier, Tracy C. Watkins, Paul B. Pusek, Susan N. Blackshear, Perry J. TI The environmental polymorphisms registry: A DNA resource to study genetic susceptibility loci SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-H POLYMORPHISM; MACULAR DEGENERATION; HUMAN GENOME; GENERAL-POPULATION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; PROJECT; EXPERIENCE; CONSENT; VARIANT; HEALTH AB The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is establishing a DNA repository named the Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR). The goal is to recruit 20,000 subjects from the greater Research Triangle Park region of North Carolina and collect a sample of each subject's DNA for genetic study. Personal information is obtained from each EPR subject and linked to their sample in coded form. Once individuals with the genotypes of interest are identified, their samples are decoded, and their names and contact information are given to scientists for follow-up studies in which genotype is important. "Recruit-by-genotype" resources such as the EPR require a transparent consent process and rigorous human subjects protection measures. Unlike the EPR, most US DNA resources are anonymous. Once scientists identify potentially significant genetic variants, they must screen new populations to find individuals with the variants of interest to study. The EPR eliminates this time consuming and expensive step. In designing the EPR, consideration was given to achieving high response rates, minimizing attrition and maximizing usefulness for future research studies. Subjects are recruited from outpatient clinics in area medical centers as well as from the general population to ascertain individuals in diverse states of health. Data are collected on race, ethnicity, gender and age, and are monitored for demographic diversity. As of November 2007, 7,788 individuals have been recruited into the EPR and their DNA samples have been used in numerous genetic studies. EPR subjects have also been solicited for several follow-up studies with high response rates (> 90%). The success of the EPR based on the number of subjects recruited and genetic studies underway, suggests that it will be a model for future DNA resources. C1 [Chulada, Patricia C.; Blackshear, Perry J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Clin Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Vahdat, Heather L.] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sharp, Richard R.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Bioeth, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [DeLozier, Tracy C.] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Watkins, Paul B.; Pusek, Susan N.] Univ N Carolina Hosp, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Chulada, PC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Clin Res Program, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chulada@niehs.nih.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR000046] NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s00439-007-0457-5 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 263EM UT WOS:000253200400009 PM 18193459 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Schock, MR AF Lytle, Darren A. Schock, Michael R. TI Pitting corrosion of copper in waters with high pH and low alkalinity SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL TAP WATER; CHLORIDE; EQUILIBRIUM; CARBONATE; BEHAVIOR; SULFATE; RATES; IONS AB Localized or pitting corrosion of copper pipes used in household plumbing is a problem for some homeowners. Extreme attack can lead to pinhole leaks that may result in water damage, mold growth, and costly repairs. The objective of this research was to better define the specific water quality conditions that support pitting corrosion. Pilot-scale pipe rig testing found that pitting corrosion occurred in waters with low chlorine concentrations and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L C (and possibly 25 mg/L Q and pH 9 water in the presence of chloride. Orthophosphate and increased DIC concentrations prevented the initiation of localized corrosion. Water suppliers considering changes in treatment and water sources can use this information to avoid conditions that support localized corrosion of copper.-MPM. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.; Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 115 EP + PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 279AC UT WOS:000254326400018 ER PT J AU Foley, KM Fuentes, M AF Foley, K. M. Fuentes, M. TI A statistical framework to combine multivariate spatial data and physical models for hurricane surface wind prediction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; nonseparable multivariate models; spatial statistics; storm surge; wind fields ID STORM-SURGE; DATA ASSIMILATION; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; FIELDS; INUNDATION AB Storm surge is the onshore rush of seawater associated with hurricane force winds. Storm surge can compound the effects of inland flooding caused by rainfall, leading to loss of property and loss of life for residents of coastal areas. Numerical ocean models are essential for predicting which coastal areas are most likely to be impacted by storm surge. These numerical physics-based models are driven primarily by the surface wind forcings which are currently specified by a deterministic formula. Although these equations incorporate important physical knowledge about the structure of hurricane surface wind fields, they cannot always capture the asymmetric and dynamic nature of a hurricane. This article develops a new multivariate spatial statistical framework to improve the estimation of these wind field inputs while accounting for potential bias in the observations. We find that this spatial model consistently improves parameter estimation and prediction for surface wind data for a case study of Hurricane Charley of 2004 when compared to the original physical model. These methods are also shown to improve storm surge estimates when used as the forcing fields for a numerical three-dimensional coastal ocean model. C1 [Foley, K. M.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admn, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Fuentes, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Foley, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admn, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM foley.kristen@epa.gov; fuentes@stat.ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 59 DI 10.1198/108571108X276473 PG 23 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 270QG UT WOS:000253734700003 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JA Alexis, N Bacchus, H Bernstein, IL Fritz, P Horner, E Li, N Mason, S Nel, A Oullette, J Reijula, K Reponen, T Seltzer, J Smith, A Tarlo, SM AF Bernstein, Jonathan A. Alexis, Neil Bacchus, Hyacinth Bernstein, I. Leonard Fritz, Pat Horner, Elliot Li, Ning Mason, Stephany Nel, Andre Oullette, John Reijula, Kari Reponen, Tina Seltzer, James Smith, Alisa Tarlo, Susan M. TI The health effects of nonindustrial indoor air pollution SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indoor air pollutants; ozone; particulate matter; nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; sulfur dioxide; health effects; volatile organic compounds; tobacco smoke; passive smoke exposure; cotinine; fungal allergens ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; PARTICULATE MATTER; OZONE EXPOSURE; SENSORY IRRITATION; INHALED ALLERGEN; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Background: There is growing public awareness regarding the risk associated with poor indoor air quality in the home and workplace. Because Americans spend approximately 22 hours every day indoors, susceptible individuals are at much greater risk of adverse health effects from chronic low levels of exposure to indoor air pollutants over time. Along with particulate matter, gases such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide; microbial and chemical volatile organic compounds; passive smoke; and outdoor ambient air are the most common types of air pollutants encountered indoors. Objective: To provide the allergists with necessary information that will assist them in making useful recommendations to patients seeking advice regarding indoor environmental triggers beyond traditional perennial allergens. Methods: Review of the literature pertaining to indoor exposure and health effects of gaseous and particular matter. Results: Indoor pollutants act as respiratory irritants, toxicants, and adjuvants or carriers of allergens. Conclusion: The allergist should be prepared to evaluate patient exposure to allergic and nonallergic triggers and understand how outdoor air pollution is affecting indoor environments. This requires being familiar with methodologies for monitoring and interpreting indoor air quality and interpreting results in the context of the patients exposure history and advising patients about rational environmental control interventions. C1 [Bernstein, Jonathan A.; Bernstein, I. Leonard] Univ Cincinnati, Div Immunol, Dept Internal Med, Allergy Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Alexis, Neil] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fritz, Pat] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Horner, Elliot; Mason, Stephany] Air Qual Sci Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Li, Ning; Nel, Andre] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Oullette, John] Adult Allergy Clin, Madison, WI USA. [Reijula, Kari] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. [Reponen, Tina] Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Seltzer, James] Sharp Mission Pk Med Grp, Vista, CA USA. [Smith, Alisa] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Tarlo, Susan M.] Toronto Western Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Bernstein, JA (reprint author), 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 563, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Jonathan.Bernstein@uc.edu RI Nel, Andre/J-2808-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 76 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 9 U2 58 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.045 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 273GR UT WOS:000253918900005 PM 18155285 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Zavala, A Matousek, T Drobna, Z Paul, DS Walton, F Adair, BM Dedina, J Thomas, DJ Styblo, M AF Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Matousek, Tomas Drobna, Zuzana Paul, David S. Walton, Felecia Adair, Blakely M. Dedina, Jiri Thomas, David J. Styblo, Miroslav TI Speciation analysis of arsenic in biological matrices by automated hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectrometry with multiple microflame quartz tube atomizer (multiatomizer) SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; HUMAN URINE; CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; RAT; METHYLTRANSFERASE; METABOLITES; METHYLATION; EXCRETION; TOXICITY AB Analyses of arsenic (As) species in tissues and body fluids of individuals chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic (iAs) provide essential information about the exposure level and pattern of iAs metabolism. We have previously described an oxidation state-specific analysis of As species in biological matrices by hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS), using cryotrapping (CT) for preconcentration and separation of arsines. To improve performance and detection limits of the method, HG and CT steps are automated and a conventional flame-in-tube atomizer replaced with a recently developed multiple microflame quartz tube atomizer (multiatomizer). In this system, arsines from As(III)-species are generated in a mixture of Tris-HCl (pH 6) and sodium borohydride. For generation of arsines from both As(III)- and As(V)-species, samples are pretreated with L-cysteine. Under these conditions, dimethylthioarsinic acid, a newly described metabolite of iAs, does not interfere significantly with detection and quantification of methylated trivalent arsenicals. Analytical performance of the automated HG-CT-AAS was characterized by analyses of cultured cells and mouse tissues that contained mono- and dimethylated metabolites of iAs. The capacity to detect methylated As(III)- and As(V)-species was verified, using an in vitro methylation system containing recombinant rat arsenic ( + 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and cultured rat hepatocytes treated with iAs. Compared with the previous HG-CT-AAS design, detection limits for iAs and its metabolites have improved significantly with the current system, ranging from 8 to 20 pg. Recoveries of As were between 78 and 117%. The precision of the method was better than 5% for all biological matrices examined. Thus, the automated HG-CT-AAS system provides an effective and sensitive tool for analysis of all major human metabolites of iAs in complex biological matrices. C1 [Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Matousek, Tomas; Dedina, Jiri] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Analyt Chem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Drobna, Zuzana; Paul, David S.; Walton, Felecia; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Adair, Blakely M.; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Styblo, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM styblo@med.unc.edu RI Dedina, Jiri/D-6793-2013; Matousek, Tomas/E-7226-2013 OI Dedina, Jiri/0000-0002-5561-913X; FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW007057, R03 TW007057-03] NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1039/b706144g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 279KP UT WOS:000254354400006 PM 18677417 ER PT J AU Schenck, FJ Brown, AN Podhorniak, LV Parker, A Reliford, M Wong, JW AF Schenck, Frank J. Brown, Amy N. Podhorniak, Lynda V. Parker, Alesia Reliford, Michelle Wong, Jon W. TI A rapid multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables by using acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and solid-phase extraction column cleanup SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FAST GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESIDUE ANALYSIS; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; ULTRATRACE ANALYSIS; BABY FOOD AB A modification of a rapid and inexpensive multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables (QuEChERS method) is presented. Samples were extracted by shaking with acetic acid-acetonitrile (1 + 99). Water was removed by liquid-liquid partitioning with magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate. The extract was subjected to a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) column cleanup, which produced a cleaner extract than did the dispersive SPE cleanup used in the original QuEChERS method. Recovery data were obtained for 316 pesticide residues, at levels ranging from 20 ppb to 1.0 ppm. Data were provided by 3 different laboratories. The modified QuEChERS method resulted in a 65% reduction in solvent usage, when compared with the traditional multiresidue methods previously used in our laboratories. C1 [Schenck, Frank J.; Parker, Alesia] US FDA, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Brown, Amy N.; Reliford, Michelle] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Chem Residue Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Podhorniak, Lynda V.] US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Wong, Jon W.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Schenck, FJ (reprint author), US FDA, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM Frank.Schenck@fda.hhs.gov NR 16 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 2 BP 422 EP 438 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 289YA UT WOS:000255088600024 PM 18476358 ER PT J AU Barzyk, TM Frederick, JE AF Barzyk, Timothy M. Frederick, John E. TI A semiempirical microscale model of the surface energy balance and its application to two urban rooftops SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX; AREAS; RADIATION; CLIMATE; SCHEME; CITY; PARAMETERIZATION; BUILDINGS; STORAGE; DESIGN AB Individual structures within the same local-scale (10(2)-10(4) m) environment may experience different microscale (< 10(3) m) climates. Urban microclimate variations are often a result of site-specific features, including spatial and material characteristics of surfaces and surrounding structures. A semiempirical surface energy balance model is presented that incorporates radiative and meteorological measurements to statistically parameterize energy fluxes that are not measured directly, including sensible heat transport, storage heat flux through conduction, and evaporation (assumed to be negligible under dry conditions). Two Chicago rooftops were chosen for detailed study. The City Hall site was located in an intensely developed urban area characterized by close-set high-rise buildings. The University rooftop was in a highly developed area characterized by three- to seven-story buildings of stone, concrete, and brick construction. Two identical sets of instruments recorded measurements contemporaneously from these rooftops during summer 2005, and results from the week of 29 July to 5 August are presented here. The model explains 83.7% and 96% of the variance for the City Hall and University sites, respectively. Results apply to a surface area of approximately 1260 m(2), at length scales similar to the dimensions of built structures and other urban elements. A site intercomparison revealed variations in surface energy balance components caused by site-specific features and demonstrated the relevance of the model to urban applications. C1 [Barzyk, Timothy M.; Frederick, John E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Barzyk, TM (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MDE205-2, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barzyk.timothy@epa.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 819 EP 834 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1431.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286RH UT WOS:000254863200007 ER PT J AU Nagayama, M Iwamoto, M Hargett, A Kamiya, N Tamamura, Y Young, B Morrison, T Takeuchi, H Pacifici, M Enomoto-Iwamoto, M Koyama, E AF Nagayama, M. Iwamoto, M. Hargett, A. Kamiya, N. Tamamura, Y. Young, B. Morrison, T. Takeuchi, H. Pacifici, M. Enomoto-Iwamoto, M. Koyama, E. TI Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates cranial base development and growth SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cranial base synchondrosis; Wnt/beta-catenin; sFRP-1; PTHrP; hedgehog signalling ID CHONDROCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; JOINT FORMATION; WNT; HEDGEHOG; BONE; OSTEOBLAST; SKELETOGENESIS; ROLES; PLATE; PROLIFERATION AB Wnt proteins and beta-catenin signaling regulate major processes during embryonic development, and we hypothesized that they regulate cranial base synchondrosis development and growth. To address this issue, we analyzed cartilage-specific beta-catenin-deficient mice. Mutant synchondroses lacked typical growth plate zones, and endochondral ossification was delayed. In reciprocal transgenic experiments, cartilage overexpression of a constitutive active Lef1, a transcriptional mediator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, caused precocious chondrocyte hypertrophy and intermingling of immature and mature chondrocytes. The developmental changes seen in beta-catenin-deficient synchondroses were accompanied by marked reductions in Ihh and PTHrP as well as sFRP-1, an endogenous Wnt signaling antagonist and a potential Ihh signaling target. Thus, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is essential for cranial base development and synchondrosis growth plate function. This pathway promotes chondrocyte maturation and ossification events, and may exert this important role by dampening the effects of Ihh- PTHrP together with sFRP-1. C1 [Nagayama, M.; Iwamoto, M.; Hargett, A.; Tamamura, Y.; Young, B.; Morrison, T.; Pacifici, M.; Enomoto-Iwamoto, M.; Koyama, E.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Coll Med, Dept Paediat Orthopaed, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Nagayama, M.; Takeuchi, H.] Asahi Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, Gifu 5010296, Japan. [Kamiya, N.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Koyama, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Coll Med, Dept Paediat Orthopaed, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM moto@dent.asahi-u.ac.jp; eiki.koyama@jefferson.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 292ZA UT WOS:000255303400010 PM 18296608 ER PT J AU Lee, G Faure, G Bigham, JM Williams, DJ AF Lee, Giehyeon Faure, Gunter Bigham, Jerry M. Williams, David J. TI Metal release from bottom sediments of Ocoee Lake No. 3, a primary catchment area for the Ducktown Mining District SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; TRACE-METALS; SURFACE WATERS; IRON; ZN; CU; ADSORPTION; CD; FE; PB AB Ocoee Lake No. 3 is the first reservoir receiving suspended sediments contaminated with trace metals discharged by acid mine effluents from the Ducktown Mining District, Tennessee. Bottom sediments (0-5 cm) from the lake were sampled to assess the potential for future adverse environmental effects if no remediation controls or activities are implemented. The sediments were found to include a major component (173 +/- 19 g kg(-1)) that dissolved in 6 mol L-1 HCl within 24 h. This acid-soluble and relatively labile fraction contained high concentrations of Fe (460 +/- 40 g kg(-1)), Al (99 +/- 11 g kg(-1)), Mn (10 +/- 8 g kg(-1)), Cu (2000 +/- 700 mg kg(-1)), Zn (1300 +/- 200 mg kg(-1)), and Ph (300 +/- 200 mg kg(-1)). When the pH of water in contact with the sediment was decreased experimentally from 6.4 to 2.6, the concentrations of dissolved trace metals increased by factors of 2200 for Pb, 160 for Cu, 21 for Zn, 9 for Cd, 8 for Ni, and 5 for Co. The order in which metals were released with decreasing pH was the reverse of that reported for pH-dependent sorption of these metals in upstream systems. Substantial release of trace metals from the sediment was observed even by a modest decrease of pH from 6.4 to 5.9. Therefore, the metal-rich sediment of the lake should be considered as potentially hazardous to bottom-dwelling aquatic species and other organisms in the local food chain. In addition, if the reservoir is dredged or if the dam is removed, the accumulated, sediment may have to be treated for recovery of sorbed metals. C1 [Lee, Giehyeon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Faure, Gunter] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bigham, Jerry M.] Yonsei Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Williams, David J.] US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lee, G (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Shinchon Dong 134, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM ghlee@yonsei.ac.kr NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0223 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600007 PM 18268296 ER PT J AU Loftin, KA Adams, CD Meyer, MT Surampalli, R AF Loftin, Keith A. Adams, Craig D. Meyer, Michael T. Surampalli, Rao TI Effects of ionic strength, temperature, and pH on degradation of selected antibiotics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TEST SYSTEMS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; SULFONAMIDES; HYDROLYSIS; STABILITY; TYLOSIN; WATER; ACID AB Aqueous degradation rates, which include hydrolysis and epimerization, for chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TET), lincomycin (LNC), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TRM), and tylosin A (TYL) were studied as a function of ionic strength (0.0015, 0.050, or 0.084 mg/L as Na2HPO4), temperature (7, 22, and 35 degrees C), and pH (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11). Multiple linear regression revealed that ionic strength did not significantly affect (alpha = 0.05) degradation rates for all compounds, but temperature and pH affected rates for CTC, OTC, and TET significantly (alpha = 0.05). Degradation also was observed for TYL at pH 2 and 11. No significant degradation was observed for LNC, SCP, SDM, STZ, TRM, and TYL (pH 5, 7, and 9) under study conditions, Pseudo first-order rate constants, half-lives, and Arrhenius coefficients were calculated where appropriate. In general, hydrolysis rates for CTC, OTC, and TET increased as pH and temperature increased following Arrhenius relationships. Known degradation re products were used to confirm that degradation had occurred, but these products were not quantified. Half-lives ranged from less than 6 h up to 9.7 wk for the tetracyclines and for TYL (pH 2 and 11), but no degradation of LIN, the sulfonamides, or TRM was observed during the study period. These results indicate that tetracyclines and TYL at pH 2 and 11 are prone to pH-mediated transformation and hydrolysis in some cases, but not the sulforiamides, LIN nor TRM are inclined to degrade under study conditions. This indicates that with the exception of CTC, OTC, and TET pH-mediated reactions such as hydrolysis and epimerization are not likely removal mechanisms in surface water, anaerobic swine lagoons, wastewater, and ground water. C1 [Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Adams, Craig D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Surampalli, Rao] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Loftin, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kloftin@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 25 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 106 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 378 EP 386 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0230 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600011 PM 18268300 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Gillette, DA Bergametti, G Marticorena, B Heist, DK AF Bowker, George E. Gillette, Dale A. Bergametti, Gilles Marticorena, Beatrice Heist, David K. TI Fine-scale simulations of aeolian sediment dispersion in a small area in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; NEW-MEXICO; TRANSPORT AB The northern Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico contains mesquite bushes and small coppice dunes as well as open areas lacking vegetation. Sandstorms are common in this area, gradually reshaping the flat grassland into a landscape of mesquite coppice dunes and bare open patches. During storms, complex airflows entrain sediment from the open areas, depositing it around downwind bushes and dunes. Understanding and quantifying these processes could help to clarify the ongoing process of desert formation. Sand flux patterns for eight storms occurring in April 2003 and April 2004 were predicted for a (60 m by 60 m) site on the basis of 297 10-min average velocity simulations using a semiempirical mass consistent diagnostic wind field model: Quick Urban & Industrial Complex version 3.5 (QUIC) used with a sand flux parameterization. The sand flux patterns were highly heterogeneous, varying with wind direction and differing between storms. Generally, the nonvegetated areas experienced high sand fluxes, while wake areas behind dunes experienced little or no sand flux. Sediment erosion and deposition patterns were calculated by taking the divergence of the sand flux. The open areas were the sources of the sediment, while the windward sides of the mesquite bushes and dunes were the primary deposition areas. The simulated sediment erosion and deposition magnitudes were qualitatively similar to an annual average from 45 years of measurements. C1 [Bowker, George E.; Gillette, Dale A.; Heist, David K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Washington, DC USA. [Bergametti, Gilles; Marticorena, Beatrice] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7583, Lab Interuniv syst Atmospher, Paris 12, France. RP Bowker, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS F2 AR F02S11 DI 10.1029/2007JF000748 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 270JF UT WOS:000253716400001 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP Rockwell, DC AF Barbiero, Richard P. Rockwell, David C. TI Changes in the crustacean communities of the central basin of Lake Erie during the first full year of the Bythotrephes longimanus invasion SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bythotrephes; zooplankton; invasive species; Daphnia; Cladocera; predation ID ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES RICHNESS; FOOD-WEB CHANGES; GREAT-LAKES; HARP LAKE; VERTICAL MIGRATION; RAINBOW SMELT; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; CEDERSTROEMI; PREDATION AB The exotic predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus was first observed in Lake Erie on 19 September, 1985. During the early summer immediately prior to its appearance, the cladoceran community in the central basin of Lake Erie was characterized by large populations of Bosmina longirostris, Eubosmina coregoni, Daphnia mendotae, and Daphnia retrocurva, with the latter three species persisting throughout August and September, along with Diaphanosoma spp. Community composition during early summer 1986 was similar to that of the previous year, but densities of all cladocerans decreased dramatically coincident with the appearance of Bythotrephes in mid-July, and remained suppressed throughout August and September Only D. mendotae was present in appreciable numbers during this period; from mid-July through the end of August, 86-98% of cladoceran biomass (exclusive of Bythotrephes and Leptodora) was contributed by D. mendotae. Densities of Leptodora and Bythotrephes showed a strikingly inverse relationship, both temporally and spatially, during 1986. Size frequency distributions of D. mendotae exhibited an immediate shift towards extremely large (> 2.5 mm) individuals coincident with Bythotrephes' appearance in 1986, suggesting an upper size limit to efficient prey utilization by Bythotrephes. These results suggest that Bythotrephes can have substantial impacts both on cladoceran community composition, and on the size distributions of individual species. C1 [Barbiero, Richard P.] Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] Comp Sci Corp, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Rockwell, David C.] US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), Loyola Univ, 1359 W Elmdale Ave,Suite 2, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. EM gloeotri@sbcglobal.net NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[109:CITCCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291PN UT WOS:000255209400009 ER PT J AU Smoak, K Madenspacher, J Jeyaseelan, S Williams, B Dixon, D Poch, KR Nick, JA Worthen, GS Fessler, MB AF Smoak, Kathleen Madenspacher, Jennifer Jeyaseelan, Samithamby Williams, Belinda Dixon, Darlene Poch, Katie R. Nick, Jerry A. Worthen, G. Scott Fessler, Michael B. TI Effects of liver X receptor agonist treatment on pulmonary inflammation and host defense SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR; INDUCED LUNG INFLAMMATION; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL; PROTEIN-KINASE; LXR-ALPHA; OXYSTEROL RECEPTOR; CHOLESTENOIC ACID; RESPONSE PATHWAY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and beta are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Best known for triggering "reverse cholesterol transport" gene programs upon their activation by endogenous oxysterols, LXRs have recently also been implicated in regulation of innate immunity. In this study, we define a role for LXRs in regulation of pulmonary inflammation and host defense and identify the lung and neutrophil as novel in vivo targets for pharmacologic LXR activation. LXR is expressed in murine alveolar macrophages, alveolar epithelial type II cells, and neutrophils. Treatment of mice with TO-901317, a synthetic LXR agonist, reduces influx of neutrophils to the lung triggered by inhaled LPS, intratracheal KC chemokine, and intratracheal Klebsiella pneumoniae and impairs pulmonary host defense against this bacterium. Pharmacologic LXR activation selectively modulates airspace cytokine expression induced by both LPS and K. pneumoniae. Moreover, we report for the first time that LXR activation impairs neutrophil motility and identify inhibition of chemokine-induced RhoA activation as a putative underlying mechanism. Taken together, these data define a novel role for LXR in lung pathophysiology and neutrophil biology and identify pharmacologic activation of LXR as a potential tool for modulation of innate immunity in the lung. C1 [Smoak, Kathleen; Madenspacher, Jennifer; Fessler, Michael B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dixon, Darlene] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Jeyaseelan, Samithamby; Williams, Belinda; Poch, Katie R.; Nick, Jerry A.; Worthen, G. Scott] Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Fessler, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Program, 111 TW Alexander Dr,POB 12233,Maildrop D2-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM worthen@email.chop.edu; fesslerm@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES102005-02, Z99 ES999999]; NHLBI NIH HHS [5P01HL68743-04, 5R01HL061407-08, P01 HL068743, P01 HL068743-040002, R01 HL061407, R01 HL061407-08] NR 69 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 180 IS 5 BP 3305 EP 3312 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 313GV UT WOS:000256730000070 PM 18292555 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K AF Kitchin, Kirk T. Wallace, Kathleen TI The role of protein binding of trivalent arsenicals in arsenic carcinogenesis and toxicity SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Georgian Bay International Conference on Bioinorganic Chemistry CY MAY 22-25, 2007 CL Parry Sound, CANADA DE arsenic; binding; K-d; sulfhydryl; dithiol ID GROWTH-FACTORS; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE; CHRONIC STIMULATION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; AS(III) BINDING; SKIN NEOPLASIA; HUMAN-CELLS; INHIBITION AB Three of the most plausible biological theories of arsenic carcinogenesis are protein binding, oxidative stress and altered DNA methylation. This review presents the role of trivalent arsenicals binding to proteins in arsenic carcinogenesis. Using vacuum filtration based receptor dissociation binding techniques, the lifetimes of unidentate (<1 s), bidentate (1-2 min) and tridentate (1-2 h) arsenite containing peptide binding complexes were estimated. According to our experimental data some of the protein targets to which arsenite may bind in vivo include tubulin, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP-1), thioredoxin reductase, estrogen receptor-alpha, arsenic(+3)methyltransferase and Keap-1. Arsenite binding to tubulin can lead to several of the genetic effects observed after arsenic exposures (aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests). Among many other possible arsenite binding sites are rat hemoglobin, the DNA repair enzyme xeroderma pigmentosum protein A (XPA), and other C2H2, C3H and C4 zinc finger proteins including members of the steroid receptor superfamily (e.g. glucocorticoid receptor). Macromolecules to which arsenite does not bind to include calf thymus DNA, mixed Type II-A histories and bovine H3/H4 histone. Although all six tested arsenicals released iron from ferritin, radioactive arsenite did not bind to the protein horse ferritin. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kitchin, Kirk T.; Wallace, Kathleen] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 38 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.10.021 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 278YA UT WOS:000254321000018 PM 18164070 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gonzalez, Y Surratt, JD Cuyckens, F Szmigielski, R Vermeylen, R Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO Blockhuys, F Van Alsenoy, C Maenhaut, W Claeys, M AF Gomez-Gonzalez, Yadian Surratt, Jason D. Cuyckens, Filip Szmigielski, Rafal Vermeylen, Reinhilde Jaoui, Mohammed Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. Blockhuys, Frank Van Alsenoy, Christian Maenhaut, Willy Claeys, Magda TI Characterization of organosulfates from the photooxidation of isoprene and unsaturated fatty acids in ambient aerosol using liquid chromatography/(-) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE isoprene; unsaturated fatty acids; hydroxyacids; organosulfates; humic-like substances; secondary organic aerosol; sulfate esters ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; OZONOLYSIS; PARTICLES; PINENE; MATTER AB In the present study, we have characterized in detail the MS2 and MS3 fragmentation behaviors, using electrospray ionization (ESI) in the negative ion mode, of previously identified sulfated isoprene secondary organic aerosol compounds, including 2-methyltetrols, 2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methyltetrol mononitrate derivatives, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. A major fragmentation pathway for the deprotonated molecules of the sulfate esters of 2-methyltetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid and of the sulfate derivatives of glyoxal and methylglyoxal is the formation of the bisulfate [HSO4](-) anion, while the deprotonated sulfate esters of 2-methyltetrol mononitrate derivatives preferentially fragment through loss of nitric acid. Rational interpretation of MS2, MS(3)and accurate mass data led to the structural characterization of unknown polar compounds in K-puszta fine aerosol as organosulfate derivatives of photooxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids, i.e. 2-hydroxy-1,4-butanedialdehyde, 4,5- and 2,3-dihydroxypentanoic acids, and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, and of alpha-pinene, i.e. 3-hydroxyglutaric acid. The deprotonated molecules of the sulfated hydroxyacids, 2-methylglyceric acid, 4,5- and 2,3-dihydroxypentanoic acid, and 2- and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids, showed in addition to the [HSO4](-) ion (m/z 97) neutral losses of water, CO2 and/or SO3, features that are characteristic of humic-like substances. The polar organosulfates characterized in the present work are of climatic relevance because they may contribute to the hydrophilic properties of fine ambient aerosol. In addition, these compounds probably serve as ambient tracer compounds for the occurrence of secondary organic aerosol formation under acidic conditions. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gomez-Gonzalez, Yadian; Szmigielski, Rafal; Vermeylen, Reinhilde; Claeys, Magda] Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Surratt, Jason D.] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cuyckens, Filip] Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut R&D, Global Preclin Dev, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Blockhuys, Frank; Van Alsenoy, Christian] Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Maenhaut, Willy] Univ Ghent, Inst Nucl Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Claeys, M (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Campus Drie Eiken,Univ Pl 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM magda.claeys@ua.ac.be RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Cuyckens, Filip/I-4884-2012; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Cuyckens, Filip/0000-0003-4956-1418; Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627 NR 35 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 8 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-5174 EI 1096-9888 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1002/jms.1329 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 278FT UT WOS:000254270900009 PM 17968849 ER PT J AU Gullett, B Oudejans, L Touati, A Ryan, S Tabor, D AF Gullett, Brian Oudejans, Lukas Touati, Abderrahmane Ryan, Shawn Tabor, Dennis TI Verification results of jet resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization as a real-time PCDD/F emission monitor SO JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PCDD/ F; dioxin; monitor; REMPI; waste combustion ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INCINERATION FLUE-GAS; CHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; WASTE; ONLINE; REMPI; INDICATORS; SURROGATE AB A jet resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) monitor was tested on a hazardous-waste-fired boiler for its ability to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs). Jet REMPI is a real-time instrument capable of highly selective and sensitive (from parts per billion to parts per trillion) detection of a broad range of aromatic compounds, including a number of air toxic compounds. The PCDD/F toxic equivalency (TEQ) value was derived from a predetermined correlation (R-2 = 0.74) with monochlorobenzene (MClBz). This relationship was applied to nine subsequent jet REMPI on-line measurements of MClBz and parallel, standard extractive sampling for PCDD/F TEQ. For high waste-firing rates, with a range of PCDD/F TEQ values between 3.9 and 6.0 ng TEQ/m(3), the TEQ values predicted by jet REMPI had a relative difference of 26% with the standard EPA Method 23 results. At low waste-firing rates (0.9-1.6 ng TEQ/m(3)), the relative difference increased to 219%. This limited testing shows that jet REMPI has promise as an on-line diagnostic monitor, providing feedback on the effects on PCDD/F emissions of operating parameter changes such as fuel feed interruptions or air pollution control failures. C1 [Gullett, Brian; Tabor, Dennis] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Oudejans, Lukas; Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Ryan, Shawn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gullett, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-4957 J9 J MATER CYCLES WASTE JI J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10163-007-0195-8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289ZX UT WOS:000255093500006 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Tabor, DG Cowen, KA AF Lee, Chun Wai Tabor, Dennis G. Cowen, Kenneth A. TI Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) test of dioxin emission monitors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE continuous emission monitor; dioxins; PCDDs; Fs; POPs; incineration emissions ID INCINERATION PLANTS AB The performance of four dioxin emission monitors, including two long-term sampling devices, the Dioxin-MonitoringSystem (DMS) and AMESA (the adsorption method for sampling dioxins and furans), and two semireal-time continuous monitors, the resonance ionization with multimirror photon accumulation time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RIMMPA-TOFMS) and the jet resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (jet-REMPI) system were tested. A package boiler burning a simulated chlorinated hazardous waste was used for a total of nine tests. Reference samples were collected during each test and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The PCDD/F concentrations of the reference samples measured by EPA Method 23 ranged from 0.9 to 6.0 ng toxic equivalence (TEQ)/dry standard cubic meter. The relative accuracies achieved by DMS, AMESA, and jet-REMPI varied from 22.6% to 78.2%, with 100% data completeness. The RIMMPA-TOFMS produced no quantifiable results due to various difficulties associated with the instrument during the testing. The two long-term samplers were easy to install and operate and provided a cumulative, averaged emission for the sampling period. The operations of the two semi-real-time continuous monitors were relatively complex, but one of them provided on-site, real-time data for PCDD/F emissions from measurement of a TEQ correlative indicator compound. This article summarizes results from the individual Environmental Technology Verification reports for the four dioxin monitors. C1 [Lee, Chun Wai; Tabor, Dennis G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cowen, Kenneth A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, E305-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lee.chun-wai@epa.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-4957 J9 J MATER CYCLES WASTE JI J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s10163-007-0196-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289ZX UT WOS:000255093500007 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, PS Coburn, CA Curras-Collazo, MC AF Kodavanti, P. S. Coburn, C. A. Curras-Collazo, M. C. TI Effects of brominated flame retardants on calcium buffering mechanisms in rat brain in vitro SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 01-05, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 [Coburn, C. A.; Curras-Collazo, M. C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kodavanti, P. S.] US EPA, NHEERL, ORD, Neurotox Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Curras-Collazo, M. C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 104 SU 1 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 257RI UT WOS:000252815800095 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Wine, RN McPherson, CA Aoyama, M AF Harry, G. J. Wine, R. N. McPherson, C. A. Aoyama, M. TI Injury-induced neurogenesis: Can microglia offer support to new neurons in the subgranular zone SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 01-05, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 [Harry, G. J.; Wine, R. N.; McPherson, C. A.; Aoyama, M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Aoyama, M.] Nagoya City Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 104 SU 1 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 257RI UT WOS:000252815800160 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Gilbert, ME AF Royland, J. E. Gilbert, M. E. TI Thyroid insufficiency in the developing rat brain: A genomic analysis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY MAR 01-05, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 [Royland, J. E.; Gilbert, M. E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 104 SU 1 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 257RI UT WOS:000252815800300 ER PT J AU Ogg, CW AF Ogg, Clayton W. TI Buofuels and rainforests SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ogg, CW (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 36A EP 36A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 266LB UT WOS:000253435600005 ER PT J AU Cook, R Isakov, V Touma, JS Benjey, W Thurman, J Kinnee, E Ensley, D AF Cook, Rich Isakov, Vlad Touma, Jawad S. Benjey, William Thurman, James Kinnee, Ellen Ensley, Darrell TI Resolving local-scale emissions for modeling air quality near roadways SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OUTDOOR; EXPOSURE; INDOOR; PROXIMITY; HIGHWAY AB A large body of literature published in recent years suggests increased health risk due to exposure of people to air pollution in close proximity to roadways. As a result, there is a need to more accurately represent the spatial concentration gradients near roadways to develop mitigation strategies. In this paper, we present a practical, readily adaptable methodology, using a "bottom-up" approach to develop a detailed highway vehicle emission inventory that includes emissions for individual road links. This methodology also takes advantage of geographic information system (GIS) software to improve the spatial accuracy of the activity information obtained from a Travel Demand Model. In addition, we present an air quality modeling application of this methodology in New Haven, CT. This application uses a hybrid modeling approach, in which a regional grid-based model is used to characterize average local ambient concentrations, and a Gaussian dispersion model is used to provide texture within the modeling domain because of spatial gradients associated with highway vehicle emissions and other local sources. Modeling results show substantial heterogeneity of pollutant concentrations within the modeling domain and strong spatial gradients associated with roadways, particularly for pollutants dominated by direct emissions. C1 [Isakov, Vlad; Touma, Jawad S.; Benjey, William] US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cook, Rich] US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Thurman, James] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Kinnee, Ellen; Ensley, Darrell] Comp Sci Corp, Durham, NC USA. RP Isakov, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Mail Drop E243-04,109 TW Alexander Dr,Res Triangl, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 15 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 451 EP 461 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.3.451 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 272RB UT WOS:000253876100010 PM 18376647 ER PT J AU Light, G Hamlin, S AF Light, Glenn Hamlin, Sally TI Demonstration of Pulsed X-ray Machine Radiography as an Alternative to Industry Radiography Cameras: Demonstration Pilot Project SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 [Light, Glenn] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Hamlin, Sally] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Light, G (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM glight@swri.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 66 IS 3 BP 285 EP + PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 373NJ UT WOS:000260978400002 ER PT J AU Xu, D Moon, AF Song, D Pedersen, LC Liu, J AF Xu, Ding Moon, Andrea F. Song, Danyin Pedersen, Lars C. Liu, Jian TI Engineering sulfotransferases to modify heparan sulfate SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) involves an array of specialized sulfotransferases. Here, we present a study aimed at engineering the substrate specificity of different HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms. Based on the crystal structures, we identified a pair of amino acid residues responsible for selecting the substrates. Mutations of these residues altered the substrate specificities. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of tailoring the specificity of sulfotransferases to modify HS with desired functions. C1 [Xu, Ding; Song, Danyin; Liu, Jian] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moon, Andrea F.; Pedersen, Lars C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Med Chem & Nat Prod, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jian-liu@unc.edu RI Xu, Ding/B-2493-2009 OI Xu, Ding/0000-0001-9380-2712 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050050, R01 AI050050-07, AI50050] NR 12 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1552-4450 J9 NAT CHEM BIOL JI Nat. Chem. Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 200 EP 202 DI 10.1038/nchembio.66 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 266EN UT WOS:000253417400016 PM 18223645 ER PT J AU Schonfelder, G Menendez, D Inga, A Snipe, J Krysiak, O Resnick, MA AF Schoenfelder, G. Menendez, D. Inga, A. Snipe, J. Krysiak, O. Resnick, M. A. TI A polymorphism in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Flt-1) promoter provides synergy between p53 and estrogen receptor under environmental stress SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting German-Society-for-Experimental-and-Clinical-Pharmacology-and-Toxicology CY MAR 11-13, 2008 CL Mainz, GERMANY SP German Soc Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol C1 [Schoenfelder, G.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dept Toxicol, Wurzburg, Germany. [Menendez, D.; Snipe, J.; Resnick, M. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromosome Stabil Sect, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Inga, A.] Natl Inst Canc Res, IST ABC, Lab Expt Oncol B, Genoa, Italy. [Krysiak, O.] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 377 SU 1 MA 418 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 277IC UT WOS:000254204900423 ER PT J AU Shafer, TJ Rijal, SO Gross, GW AF Shafer, T. J. Rijal, S. O. Gross, G. W. TI Complete inhibition of spontaneous activity in neuronal networks in vitro by deltamethrin and permethrin SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; deltamethrin; permethrin; microelectrode array; frontal cortex; spinal cord; electrophysiology ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE ALLETHRIN; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; SPINAL-CORD NETWORKS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; NA+ CHANNELS; TROUT BRAIN AB Types I and II pyrethroid insecticides cause temporally distinct decreases in voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inactivation rates that are proposed to underlie their characteristic differences in toxicity signs. How alterations in VGSC channel function give rise to the characteristic differences in signs of pyrethroid intoxication is not completely understood, particularly those changes that occur in functional networks of interconnected neurons. To characterize better pyrethroid actions at the network level, effects of the Type I pyrethroid permethrin (PM) and the Type II pyrethroid deltamethrin (DM) on spontaneous glutamate network-dependent spikes and bursts were investigated in primary cultures of frontal cortex or spinal cord neurons grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Fast GABAergic transmission was blocked by BIC, and concentration-dependent effects of DM (1 nM to 5 mu M) and PM (10 nM to 50 mu M) were examined. Both compounds caused concentration-dependent reductions in the network spike and burst rates. DM was more potent than PM, with IC50 values of similar to 0.13 and similar to 4 mu M for inhibition of spike rate in cortical and spinal cord neurons, respectively. Both compounds decreased the percentage of spikes that occurred within a burst and increased the interspike interval within bursts. Onset of effects was rapid, but recovery from total activity loss was not readily achievable. Individual neurons responded heterogeneously; activity of most declined monophasically, but activity in others exhibited biphasic responses with increases followed by decreases in activity. In spinal cord, DM caused a greater number of biphasic responses (29%) than PM (10%). These results demonstrate that both DM and PM inhibit activity of glutamatergic networks, but with different potencies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shafer, T. J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rijal, S. O.; Gross, G. W.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Rijal, S. O.; Gross, G. W.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.01.002 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 297KF UT WOS:000255614900001 PM 18304643 ER PT J AU Meyer, DA Carter, JM Johnstone, AFM Shafer, TJ AF Meyer, Douglas A. Carter, Julianne M. Johnstone, Andrew F. M. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Pyrethroid modulation of spontaneous neuronal excitability and neurotransmission in hippocampal neurons in culture SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroids; deltamethrin; permethrin; electrophysiology; patch clamp; microelectrode array ID SPONTANEOUS GLUTAMATE RELEASE; SENSITIVE CALCIUM-CHANNELS; CHLORIDE CHANNELS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; ION CHANNELS; RAT-BRAIN; DELTAMETHRIN; INSECTICIDES; INHIBITION; RECEPTORS AB Pyrethroid insecticides have potent actions on voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), inhibiting inactivation and increasing channel open times. These are thought to underlie, at least in part, the clinical symptoms of pyrethroid intoxication. However, disruption of neuronal activity at higher levels of organization is less well understood. In order to characterize pyrethroid effects on neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability in glutamatergic networks, we examined the effects of deltamethrin (DM) and permethrin (PM) on neuronal activity in hippocampal neuronal cultures using patch-clamp and microelectrode array (MEA) recordings. In the presence of inhibitors of GABA receptors, spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) and spontaneous spike rates were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by both DM and PM. IC50 values were 0.037 and 0.70 mu M for inhibition of sEPSCs and 0.60 and 21.8 mu M for inhibition of spontaneous spike rate by DM and PM, respectively. Both compounds altered burst activity by decreasing the number of spikes during spontaneous bursting, the number of sEPSCs within a bursting release event and the duration of sEPSC bursts while increasing both the interspike interval and the time between sEPSCs. Exposure of neurons to the VGSC-specific modulator veratridine had effects similar to both DM and PM, while inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels had no effect on spontaneous spike rates. In the absence of GABA receptor antagonists, both DM and PM increased spontaneous spike rates. Altogether, these data demonstrate that DM and PM disrupt network activity in vitro, largely via a VGSC-dependent mechanism. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Johnstone, Andrew F. M.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carter, Julianne M.] Meredith Coll, Dept Psychol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Meyer, Douglas A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.11.005 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 297KF UT WOS:000255614900002 PM 18243323 ER PT J AU Wolansky, MJ Harrill, JA AF Wolansky, M. J. Harrill, J. A. TI Neurobehavioral toxicology of pyrethroid insecticides in adult animals: A critical review SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE pyrethroids; neurobehavioral toxicology; mammals; risk assessment ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; STRUCTURE-TOXICITY RELATIONSHIPS; CUMULATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; INDUCED SLEEPING TIME; GATED SODIUM-CHANNEL; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ION CHANNELS; HYDROLYTIC METABOLISM AB Pyrethroids are pesticides with high selectivity for insects. In order to identify strengths and gaps in the database for pyrethroid neurobehavioral toxicology, we have critically analyzed the data from peer-reviewed literature. This review includes dose-response data that have been recently generated demonstrating consistent findings for low-dose, acute, oral exposure to pyrethroids in small rodents. All pyrethroids tested (i.e., about twenty compounds), regardless of structure, produce a decrease in motor activity in a variety of test protocols. The range of relative potencies varies more than two orders of magnitude, and thresholds for motor activity were found well below doses that produce overt signs of poisoning. Six compounds (allethrin, permethrin, cis-pennethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate) impair schedule-controlled operant responding, seven compounds (pyrethrum, bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin, permethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin) decrease grip strength, and two compounds (deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin) produce incoordination using the rotarod. In addition, while compounds lacking an alpha-cyano group (e.g., cismethrin, permethrin, bifenthrin) induce an increase in acoustic-evoked startle response amplitude, cyano compounds (e.g., deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin) produce the opposite outcome. Other endpoints (e.g., tremor intensity, sensory response) have been only occasionally explored. A synthesis of the neurobehavioral evidence relating to the action of pyrethroids indicates that some differences in the experimental findings across compounds are also present in the low-effective dose range. For risk assessment purposes, a strategy that takes into account data from an array of neurobehavioral endpoints is needed to capture the heterogeneity of pyrethroid-induced adverse effects and accurately inform policy decisions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wolansky, M. J.; Harrill, J. A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wolansky, M. J.] US Natl Res Council, Bethesda, MD USA. [Harrill, J. A.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Wolansky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Int Guiraldes 2160,Pabellon 2,Piso 4,Ciudad Univ, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mjwolansky@gmail.com NR 194 TC 127 Z9 146 U1 11 U2 79 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 55 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.10.005 PG 24 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 278VP UT WOS:000254314700001 PM 18206347 ER PT J AU Gee, JR Moser, VC AF Gee, J. R. Moser, V. C. TI Acute postnatal exposure to brominated diphenylether 47 delays neuromotor ontogeny and alters motor activity in mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBDEs; BDE 47; developmental neurotoxicity; mice ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; THYROID-HORMONE; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; ADULT MICE AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used commercial flame retardants that are accumulating in the environment. PBDEs may interfere with the development of key biological systems, thus leaving children vulnerable to functional impairments in adulthood. There is a growing literature of animal studies that show subtle changes in motor and cognitive function following acute or repeated perinatal exposure to PBDEs. 2,2',4,4'-Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE 47), a very stable PBDE congener, has been shown to accumulate in humans, perhaps as a breakdown product of other PBDEs. The current study examined developmental milestones in male C57BL/6 mice exposed to a single oral dose of BDE 47 (0, 1, 10, or 30 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 10. Behavioral endpoints assessing sensory and motor maturation were examined on PNDs 12, 14, 16, 18, 32, and 88. Motor activity was also examined at 2 and 4 months in a separate group of mice. BDE 47 exposure (particularly the highest dose) significantly increased body weight on PND 47 and thereafter. There was altered ontogeny in a few measures of neuromotor development; however, other developmental milestones and sensory responses were not altered. Motor activity was altered at both 2 and 4 months, with BDE 47-treated mice (all dose groups) displaying pronounced hyperactivity at 4 months. These data indicate that acute exposure to BDE 47 during postnatal development may produce subtle changes in the development of neuromotor systems that may alter adult behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gee, J. R.; Moser, V. C.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gee, J. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,Neurotoxicol Div, MD B105-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 69 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.11.001 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 278VP UT WOS:000254314700002 PM 18166377 ER PT J AU Eddins, D Petr, A Pollard, N Freedman, JH Levin, ED AF Eddins, Donnie Petro, Ann Pollard, Ninitia Freedman, Jonathan H. Levin, Edward D. TI Mercury-induced cognitive impairment in metallothionein-1/2 null mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metallothionein; mercury; learning; radial-arm maze; dopamine; serotonin ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; IN-VIVO; INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY; DOSE-RESPONSE; NEUROBEHAVIORAL CHANGES; SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNITY; SEROTONIN RELEASE; DOPAMINE RELEASE; SUSCEPTIBLE MICE AB Metallothioneins are central for the metabolism and detoxification of transition metals. Exposure to mercury during early neurodevelopment is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Given the importance of metal lothioneins in mercury detoxification, metallothioneins may be a protective factor against mercury-induced neurocognitive impairment. Deletion of the murine metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 genes causes choice accuracy impairments in the 8-arm radial maze. We hypothesize that deletions of metal lothioneins genes will make metallothionein-null mice more vulnerable to mercury-induced cognitive impairment. We tested this hypothesis by exposing MTI/MT2-null and wild-type mice to developmental mercury (HgC12) and evaluated the resultant effects on cognitive performance on the 8-arm radial maze. During the early phase of leaming metallothionein-null mice were more susceptible to mercury-induced impairment compared to wildtype mice. Neurochemical analysis of the frontal cortex revealed that serotonin levels were higher in metallothionein-null mice compared to wild-type mice. This effect was independent of mercury exposure. However, dopamine levels in mercury-exposed metallothionein-null mice were lower compared to mercury-exposed wildtype mice. This work shows that deleting metallothioneins increase the vulnerability to developmental mercury-induced neurocognitive impairment. Metallothionein effects on monoamine transmitters may be related to this cognitive effect. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Freedman, Jonathan H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Eddins, Donnie; Petro, Ann; Pollard, Ninitia; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Freedman, Jonathan H.; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Freedman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, NIH, Box 12233,E1-05 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM freedma1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES010356-070002, P42 ES010356, P42 ES010356-080002] NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.12.005 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 278VP UT WOS:000254314700003 PM 18226494 ER PT J AU Walker, JD Printup, H AF Walker, John D. Printup, Heather TI Structure-activity relationships for aldehyde categories SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aldehydes; categories; Structure - Activity Relationships ID INTERAGENCY-TESTING-COMMITTEE; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ACUTE TOXICITY AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) nominated aldehydes to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) to obtain aquatic toxicity data with the understanding that these data could be used to develop or improve Structure - Activity Relationships (SARs) or Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationships (QSARs) for predicting the toxicity of untested aldehydes to aquatic organisms. The Substructure-based Computerized Chemical Selection Expert System (SuCCSES) was used to identify about 600 non-polymeric aldehydes in the TSCA inventory of existing chemicals. After analyzing production and importation volumes and structural data for these 600 aldehydes, a database of 125 structurally diverse aldehydes was developed. SuCCSES was used to classify 125 aldehydes into substructure-based categories. After searching for published and unpublished data, aquatic organism LC50 values were obtained for 74 of these 125 aldehydes. Fathead minnow LC50 values were used to develop SARs describing gross differences between aldehyde categories. Five figures are provided to illustrate differences between benzaldehyde and aldehydes in the substructure-based categories and explanations are provided to describe the differences. The substructure-based categories can be used to facilitate the review of multiple aldehydes. However, as described in the subsequent paper, different modes of action of aldehydes in the same substructure-based category precludes the use of a category approach to predict toxicities of other aldehydes. C1 [Walker, John D.] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Printup, Heather] Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Walker, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox 7401, TSCA Interagcy Testing Comm, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM walker.johnd@epa.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1002/qsar.200730016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 298NG UT WOS:000255693800009 ER PT J AU van Loveren, H Cockshott, A Gebel, T Gundert-Remy, U de Jong, WH Matheson, J McGarry, H Musset, L Selgrade, MK Vickers, C AF van Loveren, Henk Cockshott, Amanda Gebel, Tom Gundert-Remy, Ursula de Jong, Wim H. Matheson, Joanna McGarry, Helen Musset, Laurence Selgrade, MaryJane K. Vickers, Carolyn TI Skin sensitization in chemical risk assessment: Report of a WHO/IPCS international workshop focusing on dose-response assessment SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE skin sensitization; respiratory sensitization; guinea pig assay; local lymph node assay; human patch test; dose-response assessment; induction potency; elicitation potency; QSAR ID LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; HUMAN VARIABILITY; ALLERGENIC POTENCY; UNCERTAINTY FACTOR; ICCVAM EVALUATION; DECREASE AB An international workshop was held in 2006 to evaluate experimental techniques for hazard identification and hazard characterization of sensitizing agents in terms of their ability to produce data, including dose-response information, to inform risk assessment. Human testing to identify skin sensitizers is discouraged for ethical reasons. Animal-free alternatives, such as quantitative structure-activity relationships and in vitro testing approaches, have not been sufficiently developed for such application. Guinea pig tests do not generally include dose-response assessment and are therefore not designed for the assessment of potency, defined as the relative ability of a chemical to induce sensitization in a previously naive individual. In contrast, the mouse local lymph node assay does include dose-response assessment and is appropriate for this purpose. Epidemiological evidence can be used only under certain circumstances for the evaluation of the sensitizing potency of chemicals, as it reflects degree of exposure as well as intrinsic potency. Nevertheless, human diagnostic patch test data and quantitative elicitation data have provided very important information in reducing allergic contact dermatitis risk and sensitization in the general population. It is therefore recommended that clinical data, particularly dose-response data derived from sensitized patients, be included in risk assessment. C1 [Vickers, Carolyn] WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [van Loveren, Henk; de Jong, Wim H.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Gebel, Tom] Fed Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Dortmund, Germany. [Gundert-Remy, Ursula] BfR Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. [Matheson, Joanna] Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. [Musset, Laurence] Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Environm Directorate, Paris, France. [Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vickers, C (reprint author), WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM vickersc@who.int NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.11.008 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 274XL UT WOS:000254036000001 PM 18237832 ER PT J AU McMahon, TF Chen, J AF McMahon, Timothy F. Chen, Jonathan TI Perspective of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticide Programs on assessment of dermal sensitization risk using hexavalent chromium as a case study SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Skin Sensitization in Chemical Risk Assessment CY OCT 17-18, 2006 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP IPCS, German Fed Inst Risk Assessment C1 [McMahon, Timothy F.; Chen, Jonathan] US EPA, Antimicrobials Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McMahon, TF (reprint author), US EPA, Antimicrobials Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM mcmahon.tim@epa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 186 EP 187 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 274XL UT WOS:000254036000010 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Rieth, S Lohitnavy, M Dennison, J El-Masri, H Barton, HA Bruckner, J Yang, RSH AF Lu, Yasong Rieth, Susan Lohitnavy, Manupat Dennison, James El-Masri, Hisham Barton, Hugh A. Bruckner, James Yang, Raymond S. H. TI Application of PBPK modeling in support of the derivation of toxicity reference values for 1,1,1-trichloroethane SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBPK modeling; 1,1,1-trichloroethane; internal dose metric; extrapolation; health risk assessment; Reference dose (RfD); Reference concentration (RfC) ID METHYL CHLOROFORM 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; BRAIN SOLVENT CONCENTRATIONS; CANCER-RISK ASSESSMENT; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INHALATION EXPOSURE; SHORT-TERM; INTERACTION THRESHOLDS; BEHAVIORAL-CHANGES; REVISED ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS AB PBPK modeling has been increasingly applied in chemical risk assessment for dose, route, and species extrapolation. The use of PBPK modeling was explored in deriving toxicity reference values for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE). This effort involved a 5-step, process: (i) reconstruction of several published PBPK models for 1, 1, 1-TCE in the rat and human; (ii) selection of appropriate pharmacokinetic datasets for model comparison; (iii) determination of the most suitable PBPK model for supporting reference value derivation; (iv) PBPK model simulation of two critical studies to estimate internal dose metrics; and (v) calculation of internal dose metrics for human exposure scenarios for reference value derivation. The published model by Reitz et al. [Reitz, R.H., McDougal, J.N., Himmelstein, M.W., Nolan, R.J., Schumann, A.M., 1988. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with methylchloroform: implications for interspecies, high dose/low dose, and dose route extrapolations. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 95, 185-199] was judged the most suitable. This model has liver, fat, and rapidly and slowly perfused compartments, contains a saturable process for 1, 1, 1-TCE hepatic metabolism, and accommodates multiple exposure pathways in three species. Data from a human volunteer study involving acute inhalation exposure [Mackay, C.J., Campbell, L., Samuel, A.M., Alderman, K.J., Idzikowski, C., Wilson, H.K., Gompertz, D., 1987. Behavioral changes during exposure to 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane: time-course and relationship to blood solvent levels. Am. J. Ind. Med. 11, 223-239] and a chronic rat inhalation study [Quast, J.F., Calhoun, L.L., Frauson, L.E., 1988. 1,1, I-Trichloroethane formulation: a chronic inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 11, 611-625] were selected to simulate appropriate internal dosimetry data from which to derive reference value points of departure. Duration, route, and species extrapolations were performed based on internal dose metrics. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Yasong; Lohitnavy, Manupat; Dennison, James; Yang, Raymond S. H.] Colorado State Univ, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rieth, Susan] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [El-Masri, Hisham] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bruckner, James] Univ Georgia, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yang, RSH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM raymond.yang@colostate.edu RI Lohitnavy, Manupat/A-6621-2008 NR 78 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.12.001 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 274XL UT WOS:000254036000020 PM 18226845 ER PT J AU Kopylev, L Fox, J AF Kopylev, Leonid Fox, John TI Untitled SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY C1 [Kopylev, Leonid] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kopylev, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kopylev.leonid@epa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 271 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.021 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 274XL UT WOS:000254036000022 PM 18063260 ER PT J AU Matousek, T Hernandez-Zavala, A Svoboda, M Langrova, L Adair, BM Drobna, Z Thomas, DJ Styblo, M Dedina, J AF Matousek, Tomas Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli Svoboda, Milan Langrova, Lenka Adair, Blakely M. Drobna, Zuzana Thomas, David J. Styblo, Miroslav Dedina, Jiri TI Oxidation state specific generation of arsines from methylated arsenicals based on L-cysteine treatment in buffered media for speciation analysis by hydride generation-automated cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry with the multiatomizer SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE speciation analysis; arsenic; hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry; cryotrapping; multiatornizer ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR GENERATION; ICP-MS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; MULTIPLE MICROFLAME; REDUCTION; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION; ATOMIZATION; ENHANCEMENT AB An automated system for hydride generation-cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry with the multiatomizer is described. Arsines are preconcentrated and separated in a Chromosorb filled U-tube. An automated cryotrapping unit, employing nitrogen gas formed upon heating in the detection phase for the displacement of the cooling liquid nitrogen, has been developed. The conditions for separation of arsines in a Chromosorb filled U-tube have been optimized. A complete separation of signals from arsine, methylarsine, dimethylarsine, and trimethylarsine has been achieved within a 60 s reading window. The limits of detection for methylated arsenicals tested were 4 ng 1 (1). Selective hydride generation is applied for the oxidation state specific speciation analysis of inorganic and methylated arsenicals. The arsines are generated either exclusively from trivalent or from both tri- and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals depending on the presence Of L-cysteine as a prereductant and/or reaction modifier. A TRIS buffer reaction medium is proposed to overcome narrow optimum concentration range observed for the L-cysteine modified reaction in HCl medium. The system provides uniform peak area sensitivity for all As species. Consequently, the calibration with a single form of As is possible. This method permits a high-throughput speciation analysis of metabolites of inorganic arsenic in relatively complex biological matrices such as cell culture systems without sample pretreatment, thus preserving the distribution of tri- and pentavalent species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Matousek, Tomas; Svoboda, Milan; Langrova, Lenka; Dedina, Jiri] ASCR, Inst Analyt Chem, Prague 14220, Czech Republic. [Hernandez-Zavala, Araceli; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Svoboda, Milan; Langrova, Lenka] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Prague 12840 2, Czech Republic. [Adair, Blakely M.; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab,Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Drobna, Zuzana; Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Matousek, T (reprint author), ASCR, Inst Analyt Chem, vvi Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic. EM matousek@biomed.cas.cz RI Dedina, Jiri/D-6793-2013; Matousek, Tomas/E-7226-2013; Svoboda, Milan/N-7687-2013 OI Dedina, Jiri/0000-0002-5561-913X; FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW007057, R03 TW007057-01, R03 TW007057-02, R03 TW007057-03] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2007.11.037 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 279PZ UT WOS:000254368400006 PM 18521190 ER PT J AU Andersen, ME Butenhoff, JL Chang, SC Farrar, DG Kennedy, GL Lau, C Olsen, GW Seed, J Wallacekj, KB AF Andersen, Melvin E. Butenhoff, John L. Chang, Shu-Ching Farrar, David G. Kennedy, Gerald L., Jr. Lau, Christopher Olsen, Geary W. Seed, Jennifer Wallacekj, Kendall B. TI Perfluoroalkyl acids and related chemistries - Toxicokinetics and modes of action SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE perfluoroalkyl acids; toxicokinetics; modes of action ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANOATE PFOA CONCENTRATIONS; FLUOROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION WORKERS; PEROXISOMAL BETA-OXIDATION; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HEPATOCELLULAR PROLIFERATION; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS AB The perfluoroalkyl acid salts (both carboxylates and sulfonates, hereafter designated as PFAAs) and their derivatives are important chemicals that have numerous consumer and industrial applications. However, recent discoveries that some of these compounds have global distribution, environmental persistence, presence in humans and wildlife, as well as toxicity in laboratory animal models, have generated considerable scientific, regulatory, and public interest on an international scale. The Society of Toxicology Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology Symposium, entitled "Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Related Chemistries: Toxicokinetics and Modes-of-Action Workshop" was held February 14-16, 2007 at the Westin Arlington Gateway, Arlington, VA. In addition to the Society of Toxicology, this symposium was sponsored by 3M Company, DuPont, Plastics Europe, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The objectives of this 3-day meeting were to (1) provide an overview of PFAA toxicity and description of recent findings with the sulfonates, carboxylates, and telomer alcohols; (2) address the toxicokinetic profiles of various PFAAs among animal models and humans, and the biological processes that are responsible for these observations; (3) examine the possible modes of action that determine the PFAA toxicities observed in animal models, and their relevance to human health risks; and (4) identify the critical research needs and strategies to fill the existing informational gaps that hamper risk assessment of these chemicals. This report summarizes the discourse that occurred during the symposium. C1 [Butenhoff, John L.; Chang, Shu-Ching; Olsen, Geary W.] 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inset Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Farrar, David G.] IneosChlor, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Kennedy, Gerald L., Jr.] DuPont Co Inc, DuPont Haskell Labs, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Seed, Jennifer] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wallacekj, Kendall B.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Butenhoff, JL (reprint author), 3M Co, Dept Med, 3M Ctr 220-06-W-08, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM jlbutenhoff@mmm.com OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 60 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 5 U2 64 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm270 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 260PY UT WOS:000253023600002 PM 18003598 ER PT J AU Yoon, M Barton, HA AF Yoon, Miyoung Barton, Hugh A. TI Predicting maternal rat and pup exposures: How different are they? SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE early life dosimetry; biological modeling; lactational exposure ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; NEONATAL RATS; DRINKING-WATER; OCHRATOXIN-A; HEALTH-RISK; MILK INTAKE; DIET; PHARMACOKINETICS; LACTATION AB Risk and safety assessments for early life exposures to environmental chemicals or pharmaceuticals based on cross-species extrapolation would greatly benefit from information on chemical dosimetry in the young. Although relevant toxicity studies involve exposures during multiple life stages, the mother's exposure dose is frequently used for extrapolation of rodent toxicity findings to humans and represents a substantial source of uncertainty. A compartmental pharmacokinetic model augmented with biological information on factors changing during lactation and early postweaning was developed. The model uses adult pharmacokinetics, milk distribution, and relevant postnatal biology to predict dosimetry in the young for chemicals. The model addressed three dosing strategies employed in toxicity studies (gavage, constant ppm diet, and adjusted ppm diet) and the impact of different pharmacokinetic properties such as rates of clearance, milk distribution, and volume of distribution on the pup exposure doses and internal dosimetry. Developmental delays in clearance and recirculation of chemical in excreta from the pup to mother were evaluated. Following comparison with data for two chemicals, predictions were made for theoretical chemicals with a range of characteristics. Pup exposure was generally lower than the mother's with a shorter half-life, lower milk transfer, larger volume of distribution, and gavage dosing, while higher with longer half-life, higher milk transfer, smaller volume of distribution, and dietary exposures. The present model demonstrated pup exposures do not always parallel the mother's. The model predictions can be used to help design early life toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies and better interpret study findings. C1 [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yoon, Miyoung] US EPA, Natl Res Council Res Associateship Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yoon, Miyoung] US EPA Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Barton, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, B205-1,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm286 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 260PY UT WOS:000253023600003 PM 18024990 ER PT J AU Bowman, CC Selgrade, MK AF Bowman, Christal C. Selgrade, MaryJane K. TI Differences in allergenic potential of food extracts following oral exposure in mice reflect differences in digestibility: Potential approaches to safety assessment SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE allergenicity; food allergy; biotechnology ID BROWN-NORWAY RATS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; MURINE MODEL; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN ALLERGENICITY; SENSITIZATION MODEL; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PEANUT ALLERGENS; CELL RESPONSES AB An animal model for food allergy is needed to assess genetically modified food crops for potential allergenicity. The ideal model must produce allergic antibody (IgE) to proteins differentially according to known allergenicity before being used to accurately identify potential allergens among novel proteins. The oral route is the most relevant for exposure to food antigens, and a protein's stability to digestion is a current risk assessment tool based on this natural route. However, normal laboratory animals do not mount allergic responses to proteins administered orally due to oral tolerance, an immunologic mechanism which specifically suppresses IgE. To circumvent oral tolerance and evoke differential IgE responses to a panel of allergenic and nonallergenic food extracts, female C3H/HeJ mice were exposed subcutaneously or orally with cholera toxin as an adjuvant. All foods elicited IgE by the subcutaneous route. Oral exposure, however, resulted in IgE to allergens (peanut, Brazil nut, and egg white) but not to nonallergens (spinach and turkey), provided that the dose and exposures were limited. Additionally, in vitro digestibility assays demonstrated the presence of digestion-stable proteins in the allergenic food extracts but not in the nonallergenic foods. Our results suggest that the subcutaneous route is inadequate to distinguish allergens from nonallergens, but oral exposure under the appropriate experimental conditions will result in differential allergic responses in accordance with known allergenicity. Moreover, those foods containing digestion-resistant proteins provoke allergic responses in this model, supporting the current use of pepsin resistance in the decision tree for potential allergenicity assessment. C1 [Bowman, Christal C.; Selgrade, MaryJane K.] US EPA, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bowman, CC (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr,B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowman.christal@epa.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm288 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 260PY UT WOS:000253023600010 PM 18033772 ER PT J AU Houck, KA Kavlock, RJ AF Houck, Keith A. Kavlock, Robert J. TI Understanding mechanisms of toxicity: Insights from drug discovery research SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE high-throughput screening; high-content screening; in vitro toxicology; mechanism of toxicity; systems toxicology; predictive toxicology ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; HIGH-THROUGHPUT ASSAY; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; CELL-BASED ASSAYS; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; HEPATIC-CLEARANCE; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES AB Toxicology continues to rely heavily on use of animal testing for prediction of potential for toxicity in humans. Where mechanisms of toxicity have been elucidated, for example endocrine disruption by xenoestrogens binding to the estrogen receptor, in vitro assays have been developed as surrogate assays for toxicity prediction. This mechanistic information can be combined with other data such as exposure levels to inform a risk assessment for the chemical. However, there remains a paucity of such mechanistic assays due at least in part to lack of methods to determine specific mechanisms of toxicity for many toxicants. A means to address this deficiency lies in utilization of a vast repertoire of tools developed by the drug discovery industry for interrogating the bioactivity of chemicals. This review describes the application of high-throughput screening assays as experimental tools for profiling chemicals for potential for toxicity and understanding underlying mechanisms. The accessibility of broad panels of assays covering an array of protein families permits evaluation of chemicals for their ability to directly modulate many potential targets of toxicity. In addition, advances in cell-based screening have yielded tools capable of reporting the effects of chemicals on numerous critical cell signaling pathways and cell health parameters. Novel, more complex cellular systems are being used to model mammalian tissues and the consequences of compound treatment. Finally, high-throughput technology is being applied to model organism screens to understand mechanisms of toxicity. However, a number of formidable challenges to these methods remain to be overcome before they are widely applicable. Integration of successful approaches will contribute towards building a systems approach to toxicology that will provide mechanistic understanding of the effects of chemicals on biological systems and aid in rationale risk assessments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Houck, Keith A.; Kavlock, Robert J.] US EPA, NCCT, ORD D343 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Houck, KA (reprint author), US EPA, NCCT, ORD D343 03, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM houck.keith@epa.gov NR 106 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 2 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.022 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 266KU UT WOS:000253434900001 PM 18063003 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Goodrich, JA Clark, RM Li, SY AF Yang, Y. Jeffrey Goodrich, James A. Clark, Robert M. Li, Syluana Y. TI Modeling and testing of reactive contaminant transport in drinking water pipes: Chlorine response and implications for online contaminant detection SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adaptive early warning; contaminant detection; water distribution; convection-dispersion-reaction model; chlorine residual loss; chlorination; drinking water quality; aldicarb ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; WARFARE AGENTS; NETWORKS; FLOWS; TURBULENCE; RESIDUALS; REACTORS; REMOVAL; QUALITY; DECAY AB A modified one-dimensional Danckwerts convection-dispersion-re action (CDR) model is numerically simulated to explain the observed chlorine residual loss for a "slug" of reactive contaminants instantaneously introduced into a drinking water pipe of assumed no or negligible wall demand. in response to longitudinal dispersion, a contaminant propagates into the bulk phase where it reacts with disinfectants in the water. This process generates a U-shaped pattern of chlorine residual loss in a time-series concentration plot. Numerical modeling indicates that the residual loss curve geometry (i.e., slope, depth, and width) is a function of several variables such as axial Peclet number, reaction rate constants, molar fraction of the fast- and slow-reacting contaminants, and the quasi- steady-state chlorine decay inside the "slug" which serves as a boundary condition of the CDR model. Longitudinal dispersion becomes dominant for less reactive contaminants. Pilot-scale pipe flow experiments for a non-reactive sodium fluoride tracer and the fast-reacting aldicarb, a pesticide, were conducted under turbulent flow conditions (Re = 9020 and 25,000). Both the experimental results and the CDR modeling are in agreement showing a close relationship among the aldicarb contaminant "slug", chlorine residual loss and its variations, and a concentration increase of chloride as the final reaction product. Based on these findings, the residual loss curve and its geometry are useful tools to identify the presence of a contaminant "slug" and infer its reactive properties in adaptive contaminant detections. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yang, Y. Jeffrey; Goodrich, James A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Clark, Robert M.] Environm Engn Consultant, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. [Li, Syluana Y.] USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yang.jeff@epa.gov NR 53 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6-7 BP 1397 EP 1412 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.009 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 291BF UT WOS:000255166600006 ER PT J AU Gordon, CJ Spencer, PJ Hotchkiss, J Miller, DB Hinderliter, PM Pauluhn, J AF Gordon, Christopher J. Spencer, Pamela J. Hotchkiss, Jon Miller, Diane B. Hinderliter, Paul M. Pauluhn, Juergen TI Thermoregulation and its influence on toxicity assessment SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE radiotelemetry; core temperature; skin temperature; pesticide; rodent; metabolic rate; inhalation; stress; restraint ID INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; BODY-TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY RAT; INHALATION; MICE; SENSITIVITY; MODULATION; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE; EXPOSURE AB The thermoregulatory system of laboratory rodents is susceptible to a variety of chemical toxicants. Because temperature directly affects the reaction of virtually all biological processes, it is critical to consider how changes in the thermoregulatory response to a toxicant may affect physiological, behavioral, and pathological endpoints. Researchers in industry and government laboratories are often faced with addressing how changes in body temperature of their experimental subjects may affect the outcome of a particular toxicity test and/or screening panel. However, many toxicologists are either unaware of the importance or ignore the potential impact of a toxic-induced change in body temperature. This paper endeavors to summarize the importance of thermoregulation in the study of toxicology and propose recommendations for thermometry that researchers may utilize in their toxicological studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spencer, Pamela J.; Hotchkiss, Jon] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Miller, Diane B.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hinderliter, Paul M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pauluhn, Juergen] Bayer Healthcare, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Gordon, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, B105-04,109 STW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gordon.christopher@epa.gov NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 28 PY 2008 VL 244 IS 2-3 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.030 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 273PA UT WOS:000253942700001 PM 18096291 ER PT J AU Duirk, SE Tarr, JC Collette, TW AF Duirk, Stephen E. Tarr, J. Christopher Collette, Timothy W. TI Chlorpyrifos transformation by aqueous chlorine in the presence of bromide and natural organic matter SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; organophosphorus (OP) pesticides; chlorination; drinking water treatment; modeling; reaction pathways ID NONMETAL REDOX KINETICS; CONTAINING S-TRIAZINES; WATER CHLORINATION; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; NOM REMOVAL; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; ION; HYPOBROMITE; HYDROLYSIS AB The aqueous chlorination of chlorpyrifos (CP) was investigated in the presence of bromide and natural organic matter (NOM), which were identified as naturally occurring aqueous constituents that could affect CP transformation rates. to the toxic product chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO). Bromide can be oxidized by chlorine to form hypobromous acid (HOBr), which was found to oxidize CP at a rate that was 3 orders of magnitude faster than was the case with chlorine: k(HoBr,CP) = 1.14 (+/- 0.21) x 10(9) M-1 h(-1) and k(Hocl,Cp) = 1.72 x 10(6) M-1 h(-1), respectively. Similar to previous findings with the hypochlorite ion, hypobromite (OBr-) was found to accelerate the hydrolysis of CP and CPO: k(OBr,CP) = 965 (+/- 110) M-1 h(-1) and k(OBr,Cpo) = 1390 (+/- 160) M-1 h(-1), respectively. Treated water from the Athens-Clarke County (ACC) water treatment plant in Athens, GA, was used in some of the experiments as a NOM source. A mechanistic model was used to adequately predict the loss of CP as well as the formation of CPO and the hydrolysis product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in the presence of the ACC water. C1 [Duirk, Stephen E.; Tarr, J. Christopher; Collette, Timothy W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Duirk, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM duirk.stephen@epa.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1328 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/jf072468s PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 264WN UT WOS:000253321200024 PM 18237132 ER PT J AU Liao, Y Erxleben, C Abramowitz, J Flockerzi, V Zhu, MX Armstrong, DL Birnbaumer, L AF Liao, Yanhong Erxleben, Christian Abramowitz, Joel Flockerzi, Veit Zhu, Michael Xi Armstrong, David L. Birnbaumer, Lutz TI Functional interactions among Orai1, TRPCs, and STIM1 suggest a STIM-regulated heteromeric Orai/TRPC model for SOCE/Icrac channels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE capacitative calcium entry; signal transduction; store depletion ID STORE-OPERATED CHANNELS; CA2+ ENTRY; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CALCIUM CURRENT; I-CRAC; ACTIVATION; CELLS; DEPLETION; RECEPTORS; MICE AB Receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into cells are functions performed by all higher eukaryotic cells, and their impairment is life-threatening. The main molecular components of this pathway appear to be known. However, the molecular make-up of channels mediating ROCE and SOCE is largely unknown. One hypothesis proposes SOCE channels to be formed solely by Orai proteins. Another proposes SOCE channels to be composed of both Orai and C-type transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins. Both hypotheses propose that the channels are activated by STIM1, a sensor of the filling state of the Ca2+ stores that activates Ca2+ entry when stores are depleted. The role of Orai in SOCE has been proven. Here we show the TRPC-dependent reconstitution of Icrac, the electrophysiological correlate to SOCE, by expression of Orai1; we also show that R91W-Orai1 can inhibit SOCE and ROCE and that Orai1 and STIM1 expression leads to functional expression of Gd-resistant ROCE. Because channels that mediate ROCE are accepted to be formed with the participation of TRPCs, our data show functional interaction between ROCE and SOCE components. We propose that SOCE/Icrac channels are composed of heteromeric complexes that include TRPCs and Orai proteins. C1 [Liao, Yanhong; Erxleben, Christian; Abramowitz, Joel; Armstrong, David L.; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Flockerzi, Veit] Univ Saarland, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-66421 Homburg, Germany. [Zhu, Michael Xi] Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, Michael Xi] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mol Neurobiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Armstrong, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM armstro3@niehs.nih.gov; brinbau1@niehs.nigh.gov RI Abramowitz, Joel/A-2620-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 25 TC 160 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 8 BP 2895 EP 2900 DI 10.1073/pnas.0712288105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 268GQ UT WOS:000253567900028 PM 18287061 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M Seifring, S Varma, M Haugland, RA Shanks, OC AF Sivaganesan, Mano Seifring, Shawn Varma, Manju Haugland, Richard A. Shanks, Orin C. TI A Bayesian method for calculating real-time quantitative PCR calibration curves using absolute plasmid DNA standards SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; KINETIC PCR; QUANTIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; ASSAYS; WATER AB Background: In real-time quantitative PCR studies using absolute plasmid DNA standards, a calibration curve is developed to estimate an unknown DNA concentration. However, potential differences in the amplification performance of plasmid DNA compared to genomic DNA standards are often ignored in calibration calculations and in some cases impossible to characterize. A flexible statistical method that can account for uncertainty between plasmid and genomic DNA targets, replicate testing, and experiment-to-experiment variability is needed to estimate calibration curve parameters such as intercept and slope. Here we report the use of a Bayesian approach to generate calibration curves for the enumeration of target DNA from genomic DNA samples using absolute plasmid DNA standards. Results: Instead of the two traditional methods (classical and inverse), a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) estimation was used to generate single, master, and modified calibration curves. The mean and the percentiles of the posterior distribution were used as point and interval estimates of unknown parameters such as intercepts, slopes and DNA concentrations. The software WinBUGS was used to perform all simulations and to generate the posterior distributions of all the unknown parameters of interest. Conclusion: The Bayesian approach defined in this study allowed for the estimation of DNA concentrations from environmental samples using absolute standard curves generated by real-time qPCR. The approach accounted for uncertainty from multiple sources such as experiment-to-experiment variation, variability between replicate measurements, as well as uncertainty introduced when employing calibration curves generated from absolute plasmid DNA standards. C1 [Sivaganesan, Mano; Shanks, Orin C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Seifring, Shawn; Varma, Manju; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sivaganesan.mano@epa.gov; siefring.shawn@epa.gov; varma.manju@epa.gov; haugland.rich@epa.gov; shanks.orin@epa.gov NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD FEB 25 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 120 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-120 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 286QU UT WOS:000254861900001 PM 18298858 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Nagy, LR AF Etterson, Matthew A. Nagy, Laura R. TI Is mean squared error a consistent indicator of accuracy for spatially structured demographic models? SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE habitat-specific demography; parsimony; model selection; model accuracy; dispersal; mean squared error ID EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; DISPERSAL PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; SINKS; REASSESSMENT; LIMITATIONS; SURVIVAL AB Animal demographic models are used in many disciplines and it is well-understood that their results and interpretation depend greatly on their structure and complexity. However, when models are constructed using data compiled from multiple sources it is difficult to objectively assess optimal structure and complexity. We explore the use of mean squared error (MSE) to identify optimal model structure. To illustrate, we compare the performance of a single-patch model versus a two-patch model for a migratory songbird in a spatially structured environment. In the single-patch model, mean fecundity across patches is estimated, and movement between patches is ignored. In the two-patch model, patch-specific reproductive rates are estimated, which requires the estimation and use of rates of movement between patches. MSE performed well as an indicator of optimal model structure, consistently conforming to our intuition about which model should be preferred under different combinations of model parameters. We show that (1) when dispersal offsets patch-specific demography, the single-patch model will always be favored, (2) with good estimates of vital rates, only modest sample sizes for dispersal are required to make the two-patch model more accurate, and (3) the same factors that result in large bias in the simple model also result in large sampling error for the two-patch model. Finally, our analyses also suggest that erroneous conclusions about optimal model complexity can be reached when additional structure is added to an already poorly parameterized model and we recommend a stepwise approach to the study of model complexity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Nagy, Laura R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov; laura.nagy@tteci.com RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 1-2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.002 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261WX UT WOS:000253111800017 ER PT J AU Zurita, AR Birnbaumer, L AF Zurita, Adolfo R. Birnbaumer, Lutz TI The same mutation in Gs alpha and transducin alpha reveals behavioral differences between these highly homologous G protein alpha-subunits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE adenylyl cyclase; beta-adrenergic receptor; GTP shift; GTPase; crystal ID BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; SIMPLE 2-STATE MODEL; S49 LYMPHOMA-CELLS; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; REGULATORY COMPONENT; GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE; GUANYL NUCLEOTIDES AB Mutating Arg-238 to Glu (R238E) in the switch 3 region of a transducin alpha(*T alpha) in which 27 aa of the GTPase domain have been replaced with those of the a-subunit of the inhibitory G protein 1 (Gil alpha), was reported to create an alpha-subunit that is resistant to activation by GTP gamma S, is devoid of resident nucleotide, and has dominant negative (DN) properties. In an attempt to create a DN stimultory G protein a (Gs alpha) with a single mutation we created Gs alpha-R265E, equivalent to *T alpha-R238E. Gs alpha-R265E has facilitated activation by GTP gamma S, a slightly facilitated activation by GTP but much reduced receptor plus GTP stimulated activation, and an apparently unaltered ability to interact with receptor as seen in ligand binding studies. Further, the activity profile of Gs alpha-R265E is that of an alpha-subunit with unaltered or increased GTPase activity. The only change in Gs alpha that is similar to that in *T alpha is that the apparent affinity for guanine nucleotides is decreased in both proteins. The molecular basis of the changed properties are discussed based on the known crystal structure of Gs alpha and the changes introduced by the same mutation in a *T alpha (Gt alpha*) with only 23 aa from Gil alpha. Gt alpha*-R238E, with four fewer mutations in switch 3, was reported to show no evidence of DN properties, is activated by GTP gamma S, and has reduced GTPase activity. The data highlight a critical role for the switch 3 region in setting overall properties of signal-transducing GTPases. C1 [Zurita, Adolfo R.; Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Birnbaumer, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Bldg 101,Room F180,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM birnbau1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 7 BP 2363 EP 2368 DI 10.1073/pnas.0712261105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266XB UT WOS:000253469900023 PM 18258741 ER PT J AU Fine, D Brooks, MC Bob, M Mravik, S Wood, L AF Fine, Dennis Brooks, Michael C. Bob, Mustafa Mravik, Susan Wood, Lynn TI Continuous determination of high-vapor-phase concentrations of tetrachloroethylene using on-line mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOURCE ZONES; FLUX; AIR AB A method was developed to determine the vapor concentration of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at and below its equilibrium vapor-phase concentration, 168 000 mu g/L (25 degrees C). Vapor samples were drawn by vacuum into a six-port sampling valve and injected through a jet separator into an ion trap mass spectrometer (MS). This on-line MS can continuously sample a vapor stream and provide vapor concentrations every 30 s. Calibration of the instrument was done by creating a saturated stream of PCE vapor, sampling the vapor with the on-line MS and with thermal desorption tubes, and correlating the peak area response from the MS with the vapor concentration determined by automated thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Dilution of the saturated stream provided lower concentrations of PCE vapor. The method was developed to monitor the vapor concentration of PCE that was sparged from a two-dimensional flow chamber and for determination of the total PCE mass removed during each sparge event. The method has potential application for analysis of gas-phase tracers. C1 [Fine, Dennis] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, Ada, OK 74821 USA. [Brooks, Michael C.; Bob, Mustafa; Mravik, Susan; Wood, Lynn] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Fine, D (reprint author), Shaw Environm & Infrastruct, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74821 USA. EM fine.dennis@epa.gov RI FIne, Dennis/A-9612-2009 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1328 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/ac701859n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 262RJ UT WOS:000253165400055 PM 18205332 ER PT J AU Meharg, AA Lombi, E Williams, PN Scheckel, KG Feldmann, J Raab, A Zhu, YG Islam, R AF Meharg, Andrew A. Lombi, Enzo Williams, Paul N. Scheckel, Kirk G. Feldmann, Joerg Raab, Andrea Zhu, Yongguan Islam, Rafiql TI Speciation and localization of arsenic in white and brown rice grains SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ANALYSIS; EDGE COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY; PHYTOCHELATIN COMPLEXES; DIETARY EXPOSURE; CONTAMINATION; BANGLADESH; SOILS; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; ELEMENTS AB Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) was utilized to locate arsenic (As) in polished (white) and unpolished (brown) rice grains from the United States, China, and Bangladesh. In white rice As was generally dispersed throughout the grain, the bulk of which constitutes the endosperm. In brown rice As was found to be preferentially localized at the surface, in the region corresponding to the pericarp and aleurone layer. Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc localization followed that of arsenic in brown rice, while the location for cadmium and nickel was distinctly different, showing relatively even distribution throughout the endosperm. The localization of As in the outer grain of brown rice was confirmed by laser ablation ICP-MS. Arsenic speciation of all grains using spatially resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure (mu-XANES) and bulk extraction followed by anion exchange HPLC-ICP-MS revealed the presence of mainly inorganic As and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). However, the two techniques indicated different proportions of inorganic:organic As species. A wider survey of whole grain speciation of white (n = 39) and brown (n = 45) rice samples from numerous sources (field collected, supermarket survey, and pot trials) showed that brown rice had a higher proportion of inorganic arsenic present than white rice. Furthermore, the percentage of DMA present in the grain increased along with total grain arsenic. C1 [Meharg, Andrew A.; Williams, Paul N.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Lombi, Enzo] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Agr Sci, Plant & Soil Sci Lab, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Feldmann, Joerg; Raab, Andrea] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Phys Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Zhu, Yongguan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Islam, Rafiql] Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh. RP Meharg, AA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Cruickshank Blvd, St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM a.meharg@abdn.ac.uk RI Williams, Paul/A-4269-2009; Zhu, Yong-Guan/A-1412-2009; Feldmann, Jorg/B-8079-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009; Lombi, Enzo/F-3860-2013; Meharg, Andrew/F-8182-2014; OI Zhu, Yong-Guan/0000-0003-3861-8482; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241; Lombi, Enzo/0000-0003-3384-0375; Meharg, Andrew/0000-0003-2019-0449; Feldmann, Joerg/0000-0002-0524-8254 NR 27 TC 161 Z9 168 U1 15 U2 142 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1021/es702212p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800018 PM 18351071 ER PT J AU Schwindt, AR Fournie, JW Landers, DH Schreck, CB Kent, ML AF Schwindt, Adam R. Fournie, John W. Landers, Dixon H. Schreck, Carl B. Kent, Michael L. TI Mercury concentrations in salmouids from western US National Parks and relationships with age and macrophage aggregates SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; CLARIAS-BATRACHUS L; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES AB Mercury accumulation in aquatic foodwebs and its effects on aquatic biota are of growing concern both for the health of the fish and the piscivores that prey upon them. This is of particular concern for western U.S. National Parks because it is known that mountainous and Arctic areas are sinks for some contaminants. The Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project seeks, in part; to ascertain mercury concentrations and evaluate effects of contaminants on biota in 14 lakes from 8 National Parks or Preserves. In this paper we report that mercury has accumulated to concentrations in trout that may negatively impact some piscivorous wildlife, indicating potential terrestrial ecosystem effects. Additionally, we show that mercury concentrations increase with age in 4 species of trout, providing evidence of bioaccumulation. Finally, we demonstrate that mercury is associated with tissue damage in the kidney and spleen, as indicated by increases in macrophage aggregates. This finding suggests that mercury, and possibly other contaminants, are negatively affecting the trout that inhabit these remote and protected ecosystems. Our results indicate that mercury is indeed a concern for the U.S. National Parks, from an organismic and potentially an ecosystem perspective. C1 [Schwindt, Adam R.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fisheries Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fournie, John W.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schwindt, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fisheries Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ar.schwindt@gmail.com NR 50 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1365 EP 1370 DI 10.1021/es702337m PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800065 PM 18351118 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Henderson, WM Ellington, JJ Jenkins, TM Evans, JJ AF Washington, John W. Henderson, W. Matthew Ellington, J. Jackson Jenkins, Thomas M. Evans, John J. TI Analysis of perfluorinated carboxylic acids in soils II: Optimization of chromatography and extraction SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE perfluorinated octanoic acid; PFOA; LC/MS/MS; soil extracts; extract cleanup; TBA ID PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; CONTAMINANTS; MATRICES; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES; WATERS; CHINA; BIOTA; PFOA AB With the objective of detecting and quantitating low concentrations of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in soils, we compared the analytical suitability of liquid chromatography columns containing three different stationary phases, two different liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems, and. eight combinations of sample-extract pretreatments, extractions and cleanups on three test soils. For the columns and systems we tested, we achieved the greatest analytical sensitivity for PFCAs using a column with a C-18 stationary phase in a Waters LC/MS/MS. In this system we achieved an instrument detection limit for PFOA of 270 ag/mu L, equating to about 14 fg of PFOA on-column. While an elementary acetonitrile/water extraction of soils recovers PFCAs effectively, natural soil organic matter also dissolved in the extracts commonly imparts significant noise that appears as broad, multi-nodal, asymmetric peaks that coelute with several PFCAs. The intensity and elution profile of this noise is highly variable among soils and it challenges detection of low concentrations of PFCAs by decreasing the signal-to-noise contrast. In an effort to decrease this background noise, we investigated several methods of pretreatment, extraction and cleanup, in a variety of combinations, that used alkaline and unbuffered water, acetonitrile, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, methyl-tert-butyl ether, dispersed activated carbon and solid-phase extraction. For the combined objectives of complete recovery and minimization of background noise, we have chosen: (1) alkaline pretreatment; (2) extraction with acetonitrile/water; (3) evaporation to dryness; (4) reconstitution with tetrabutyl ammonium-hydrogen-sulfate ion-pairing solution; (5) ion-pair extraction to methyl-tert-butyl ether; (6) evaporation to dryness; (7) reconstitution with 60/40 acetonitrile/water (v/v); and (8) analysis by LC/MS/MS. Using this method, we detected in all three of our test soils, endogenous concentrations of all of our PFCA analytes, C-6 through C-10-the lowest concentrations being roughly 30pg/g of dry soil for perfluorinated hexanoic and decanoic acids in an agricultural soil. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Washington, John W.; Henderson, W. Matthew; Ellington, J. Jackson] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jenkins, Thomas M.; Evans, John J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Senior Serv Amer Inc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Washington.John@epa.gov NR 26 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 1181 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.042 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 267JZ UT WOS:000253506600003 PM 18201708 ER PT J AU Collins, FS Gray, GM Bucher, JR AF Collins, Francis S. Gray, George M. Bucher, John R. TI Toxicology - Transforming environmental health protection SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHEMICALS; PROGRAM C1 [Collins, Francis S.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gray, George M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Bucher, John R.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Collins, FS (reprint author), NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM francisc@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 11 TC 314 Z9 327 U1 2 U2 66 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5865 BP 906 EP 907 DI 10.1126/science.1154619 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 262RM UT WOS:000253165700028 PM 18276874 ER PT J AU Rosati, JA Bern, AM Willis, RD Blanchard, FT Conner, TL Kahn, HD Friedman, D AF Rosati, Jacky A. Bern, Amy M. Willis, Robert D. Blanchard, Fredrick T. Conner, Teri L. Kahn, Henry D. Friedman, David TI Multi-laboratory testing of a screening method for world trade center (WTC) collapse dust SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dust; world trade center; screening method; slag wool AB The September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) covered a large area of downtown New York City with dust and debris. This paper describes the testing of an analytical method designed to evaluate whether sampled dust contains dust that may have originated from the collapse of the WTC. Using dust samples collected from locations affected and not affected (referred to as 'background' locations) by the collapse, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis method was developed to screen for three materials that are believed to be present in large quantities in WTC dusts: slag wool, concrete, and gypsum. An inter-laboratory evaluation of the method was implemented by having eight laboratories analyze a number of 'blind' dust samples, consisting of confirmed background dust and confirmed background dust spiked with varying amounts of dust affected by the WTC collapse. The levels of gypsum and concrete in the spiked samples were indistinguishable from the levels in the background samples. Measurements of slag wool in dust demonstrated potential for distinguishing between spiked and background samples in spite of considerable within and between laboratory variability. Slag wool measurements appear to be sufficiently sensitive to distinguish dust spiked with 5% WTC-affected dust from 22 out of 25 background dust samples. Additional development work and inter-laboratory testing of the slag wool component will be necessary to improve the precision and accuracy of the method and reduce inter- and intra-laboratory variability from levels observed in the inter-laboratory evaluation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rosati, Jacky A.; Willis, Robert D.; Conner, Teri L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bern, Amy M.] US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Blanchard, Fredrick T.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kahn, Henry D.; Friedman, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rosati, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, E343-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosati.jacky@epa.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2-3 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.027 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 253SQ UT WOS:000252538300023 PM 18022215 ER PT J AU Hughes, MF Devesa, V Adair, BM Conklin, SD Creed, JT Styblo, M Kenyon, EM Thomas, DJ AF Hughes, Michael F. Devesa, Vicenta Adair, Blakely M. Conklin, Scan D. Creed, John T. Styblo, Miroslav Kenyon, Elaina M. Thomas, David J. TI Tissue dosimetry, metabolism and excretion of pentavalent and trivalent dimethylated arsenic in mice after oral administration SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; Dimethylarsinic acid; dimethylarsinous acid; trimethylarsine oxide; thioarsenicals ID MALE F344 RATS; DIMETHYLARSINOUS ACID; URINARY-EXCRETION; INORGANIC ARSENICS; MAIN METABOLITE; CACODYLIC ACID; BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; FOREST WORKERS; TOXICITY AB Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) is a rat bladder carcinogen and the major urinary metabolite of administered inorganic arsenic in most mammals. This study examined the disposition of pentavalent and trivalent dimethylated arsenic in mice after acute oral administration. Adult female mice were administered [C-14]-DMA(V) (0.6 or 60 mg As/kg) and sacrificed serially over 24 h. Tissues and excreta were collected for analysis of radioactivity. Other mice were administered unlabeled DMA(V) (0.6 or 60 mg As/kg) or dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) (0.6 mg As/kg) and sacrificed at 2 or 24 h. Tissues (2 h) and urine (24 h) were collected and analyzed for arsenicals. Absorption, distribution and excretion of [C-14] -DMA(V) were rapid, as radioactivity was detected in tissues and urine at 0.25 h. For low dose DMA(V) mice, there was a greater fractional absorption of DMA(V) and significantly greater tissue concentrations of radioactivity at several time points. Radioactivity distributed greatest to the liver (1-2% of dose) and declined to less than 0.05% in all tissues examined at 24 h. Urinary excretion of radioactivity was significantly greater in the 0.6 mg As/kg DMA(V) group. Conversely, fecal excretion of radioactivity was significantly greater in the high dose group. Urinary metabolites of DMA(V) included DMA(III), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), dimethylthioarsinic acid and trimethylarsine sulfide. Urinary metabolites of DMA(III) included TMAO, dimethylthioarsinic acid and trimethylarsine sulfide. DMA(V) was also excreted by DMA(III) treated mice, showing its sensitivity to oxidation. TMAO was detected in tissues of the high dose DMA(V) group. The low acute toxicity of DMA (V) in the mouse appears to be due in part to its minimal retention and rapid elimination. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hughes, Michael F.; Adair, Blakely M.; Kenyon, Elaina M.; Thomas, David J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Devesa, Vicenta] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Conklin, Scan D.; Creed, John T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Expose Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Styblo, Miroslav] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hughes, MF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hughes.michaelf@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009; Devesa, Vicenta/I-2102-2012 OI Devesa, Vicenta/0000-0002-1988-2985 FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW007057-03, R03 TW007057]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010845, R01 ES010845-05] NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.011 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 263NA UT WOS:000253222600004 PM 18036629 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, I Gouveia, S Van der Vaart, B Demmers, J Smyth, JT Honnappa, S Splinter, D Steinmetz, MO Putney, JW Hoogenraad, CC Akhmanova, A AF Grigoriev, Ilya Gouveia, Susana Montenegro Van der Vaart, Babet Demmers, Jeroen Smyth, Jeremy T. Honnappa, Srinivas Splinter, Daniel Steinmetz, Michel O. Putney, James W., Jr. Hoogenraad, Casper C. Akhmanova, Anna TI STIM1 is a MT-plus-end-tracking protein involved in remodeling of the ER SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CA2+ STORE DEPLETION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ENTRY; DYNAMICS; CLIP-170; CELLS AB Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a transmembrane protein that is essential for store-operated Ca(2+) entry, a process of extracellular Ca(2+) influx in response to the depletion of Ca(2+) stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (reviewed in [1-4]). STIM1 localizes predominantly to the ER; upon Ca(2+) release from the ER, STIM1 translocates to the ER-plasma membrane junctions and activates Ca2+ channels (reviewed in [1-4]). Here, we show that STIM1 directly binds to the microtubule-plus-end-tracking protein EB1 and forms EB1-dependent comet-like accumulations at the sites where polymerizing microtubule ends come in contact with the ER network. Therefore, the previously observed tubulovesicular motility of GFP-STIM1 [5] is not a motor-based movement but a traveling wave of diffusion-dependent STIM1 concentration in the ER membrane. STIM1 overexpression strongly stimulates ER extension occurring through the microtubule "tip attachment complex" (TAC) mechanism [6, 7], a process whereby an ER tubule attaches to and elongates together with the EB1-positive end of a growing microtubule. Depletion of STIM1 and EB1 decreases TAC-dependent ER protrusion, indicating that microtubule growth-dependent concentration of STIM1 in the ER membrane plays a role in ER remodeling. C1 [Grigoriev, Ilya; Gouveia, Susana Montenegro; Van der Vaart, Babet; Splinter, Daniel; Akhmanova, Anna] Erasmus MC, Dept Cell Biol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Demmers, Jeroen] Erasmus MC, Dept Biochem, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Smyth, Jeremy T.; Putney, James W., Jr.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Signal Tranduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Honnappa, Srinivas; Steinmetz, Michel O.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Hoogenraad, Casper C.] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurosci, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Akhmanova, A (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Cell Biol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.akhmanova@erasmusmc.nl RI Hoogenraad, Casper/B-8866-2011; Akhmanova, Anna/B-8896-2011; OI Hoogenraad, Casper/0000-0002-2666-0758; Akhmanova, Anna/0000-0002-9048-8614; Demmers, Jeroen/0000-0002-8757-9611; gouveia, susana/0000-0003-1220-410X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090087-11, Z99 ES999999] NR 17 TC 204 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.050 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 263RI UT WOS:000253233800024 PM 18249114 ER PT J AU Fang, YX Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Dechlorination kinetics of monochlorobiphenyls by Fe/Pd: Effects of solvent, temperature, and PCB concentration SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE catalytic dechlorination; kinetics; PCBs; palladized zerovalent iron; Fe/Pd; concentration dependence; solvent effect; Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DECHLORINATION; NANOSCALE IRON PARTICLES; CATALYTIC DECHLORINATION; PALLADIZED-IRON; MICROORGANISMS; REMEDIATION; CONGENER; WATER AB Well-known, yet undefined, changes in the conditions and activity of palladized zerovalent iron (Fe/Pd) over an extended period of time hindered a careful study of dechlorination kinetics in long-term experiments. A short-term experimental method was, therefore, developed to study the effects of temperature and solvent on the dechlorination of monochlorobipheryls (MCBs), 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-CIBP), in particular by Fe/Pd. The experiments started with specified initial conditions and lasted only for 10 min. The average value ((k) under bar) of the first-order rate constant for the dechlorination of 2-CIBP was 0.13 +/- 0.03 L m(-2) h(-1), not significantly different from the average values for 3-chlorobiphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl. The apparent activation energy was 20 +/- 4 U mol(-1) and 17 +/- 7 U mol(-1), in a temperature range between 4 degrees C and 60 degrees C, for the dechlorination of 2-CIBP using two batches of Fe/Pd catalyst. The (k) under bar values decreased significantly in mixtures with a methanol concentration higher than 10%. The values of the rate constant were slightly influenced by the initial concentrations in the experiments at a low temperature and in a solution with a high methanol concentration. The concentration dependence was described with a Langmuir equation, based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism that includes an adsorption step of a single species preceding a rate-determining catalytic reaction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, Yuanxiang; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 23 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD FEB 7 PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3-4 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.09.009 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 255HR UT WOS:000252649300020 ER PT J AU Matott, LS Rabideau, AJ AF Matott, L. Shawn Rabideau, Alan J. TI Calibration of subsurface batch and reactive-transport models involving complex biogeochemical processes SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE subsurface modeling; reactive transport; biogeochemical processes; calibration; parameter estimation; particle swarm optimization; multi-start nolinear regression ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; WATERSHED MODEL; OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES; AQUIFER; UNCERTAINTY; REDUCTION; ALGORITHMS; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS AB In this study, the calibration of subsurface batch and reactive-transport models involving complex biogeochemical processes was systematically evaluated. Two hypothetical nitrate biodegradation scenarios were developed and simulated in numerical experiments to evaluate the performance of three calibration search procedures: a multi-start non-linear regression algorithm (i.e. multi-start Levenberg-Marquardt), a global search heuristic (i.e. particle swarm optimization), and a hybrid algorithm that combines the particle swarm procedure with a regression-based "polishing" step. Graphical analysis of the selected calibration problems revealed heterogeneous regions of extreme parameter sensitivity and insensitivity along with abundant numbers of local minima. These characteristics hindered the performance of the multi-start non-linear regression technique, which was generally the least effective of the considered algorithms. In most cases, the global search and hybrid methods were capable of producing improved model fits at comparable computational expense. In other cases, the multi-start and hybrid calibration algorithms yielded comparable fitness values but markedly differing parameter estimates and associated uncertainty measures. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Matott, L. Shawn] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Rabideau, Alan J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Matott, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. EM Matott.Shawn@epa.gov; rabideau@buffalo.edu NR 105 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 269 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.08.005 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 262GM UT WOS:000253137000005 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Eldridge, PM AF Roelke, Daniel L. Eldridge, Peter M. TI Mixing of supersaturated assemblages and the precipitous loss of species SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE harmful algal blooms; rock-paper-scissors; nonhierarchical competition; metacommunity; biodiversity; species richness ID INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS; RESOURCE COMPETITION THEORY; ROCK-SCISSORS-PAPER; LAKE KINNERET; PHYTOPLANKTON SUCCESSION; MULTISPECIES COMPETITION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; PATTERN-FORMATION; CHAOTIC FLOW AB Mechanisms influencing species richness are many. Recent theoretical research revealed additional mechanisms that involved neutral and lumpy coexistence and alternating assemblage states. These mechanisms can lead to conditions where the number of coexisting species is greater than the number of limiting resources, that is, species supersaturation. Our research focused on the role of disturbances (migration and pulsed through-flows) in supersaturated plankton systems. Our simulations employed 30 different supersaturated assemblages generated by using various ecological principals. Our findings indicated that immigration rates as low as 0.1% of total biomass per day generally led to regional homogenization of species and dramatic extinction events, with assemblages characteristic of lumpy coexistence being more resilient than those characteristic of neutral coexistence or alternating states. Generally, pulsed through-flows tended to offset, to some extent, the negative effects of migration. The precipitous loss of species with the onset of migration is observed in other systems as well, for example, cichlid fish communities of East Africa rift lakes and songbird assemblages from Indian Ocean islands. While many explanations have been offered to explain postimmigration extinctions in species-rich systems, another explanation might be that the assemblages in these systems are in a fragile state of supersaturated coexistence. C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Sect Ecol & Evolut Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Sect Ecol & Evolut Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu; peldridg@epa.gov RI Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008 NR 89 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 171 IS 2 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1086/524955 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 251UF UT WOS:000252400000005 PM 18197769 ER PT J AU Yathavakilla, SKV Fricke, M Creed, PA Heitkemper, DT Shockey, NV Schwegel, C Caruso, JA Creed, JT AF Yathavakilla, Santha Ketavarapu V. Fricke, Michael Creed, Patricia A. Heitkemper, Douglas T. Shockey, Nohora V. Schwegel, Carol Caruso, Joseph A. Creed, John T. TI Arsenic speciation and identification of monomethylarsonous acid and monomethylthioarsonic acid in a complex matrix SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; MARKET BASKET SURVEY; HPLC-ICP-MS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTAMINATED SOIL; DIETARY EXPOSURE; TRIVALENT; MUSHROOMS; EXCHANGE AB Anion-exchange chromatography was utilized for speciation of arsenite (As (III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(Ill)), and the new As species monomethylthioarsonic acid (MMTA), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICPMS) detection. MMA(III) and MMTA were identified for the first time in freeze-dried carrot samples that were collected over 25 years ago as part of a joint U.S. EPA, U.S. FDA, and USDA study on trace elements in agricultural crops. The discovery of MMA(III) and MMTA in terrestrial foods necessitated the analytical characterization of synthetic standards Of both species, which were used for standard addition in carrot extracts. The negative ion mode, high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data produced molecular ions of m/z 122.9418 and 154.9152 for MMA(III) and MMTA, respectively. However, ESI-MS was not sensitive enough to directly identify, MMA(III) and MMTA in the carrot extracts. Therefore, to further substantiate the identification of MMA(III) and MMTA, two additional separations using an Ion-120 column were developed using the more sensitive ICPMS detection. The first separation used 20 mM tetramethylammonium hydroxide at pH 12.2 with MMA(III) eluting: in less than 7 min. In the second separation, MMTA eluted at 11.2 min by utilizing 40 mM ammonium carbonate at pH 9.0. Oxidation of MMA(III) and MMTA to MMA(V) with hydrogen peroxide was observed for standards and carrot extracts alike. Several samples of carrots collected from local markets in 2006 were also analyzed and found to contain low levels of inorganic arsenic species. C1 [Creed, Patricia A.; Schwegel, Carol; Creed, John T.] US EPA, ORD, NEL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Yathavakilla, Santha Ketavarapu V.; Caruso, Joseph A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Heitkemper, Douglas T.; Shockey, Nohora V.] US FDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NEL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM creed.jack@epa.gov RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009 FU PHS HHS [DW-75-92171501-1] NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 775 EP 782 DI 10.1021/ac0714462 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 258LW UT WOS:000252870400033 PM 18181583 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, J Richards, J Devlin, RB AF Ghio, Andrew J. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline Richards, Judy Devlin, Robert B. TI Iron Homeostasis in the lung following asbestos exposure SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Review ID MOUSE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; EPITHELIAL LINING FLUID; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS; FERRITIN; TRANSFERRIN; INJURY; INSTILLATION; GENERATION AB Human exposure to asbestos can cause a wide variety of pulmonary diseases, including pneumoconiosis (i.e., asbestosis). This lung injury is mediated by oxidant generation which increases with the concentration of iron associated with the asbestos. Iron from host sources is complexed by the surface of these fibrous silicates following introduction into the lower respiratory tract. Using bronchoalveolar lavage from unexposed and exposed workers, we demonstrate that asbestos disrupts the normal iron homeostasis in the lungs. Based on these findings, we propose a model of oxidative stress and human lung injury after asbestos exposure. C1 [Richards, Judy] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ghio, Andrew J.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline; Devlin, Robert B.] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 10 IS 2 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1089/ars.2007.1909 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 245PN UT WOS:000251947600014 PM 17999626 ER PT J AU Lamendella, R Domingo, JWS Kelty, C Oerther, DB AF Lamendella, Regina Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Kelty, Catherine Oerther, Daniel B. TI Bifidobacteria in feces and environmental waters SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GROUP-SPECIFIC PRIMERS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; GENUS BIFIDOBACTERIUM; TARGETED PROBES; RDNA SEQUENCES; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; INDICATORS AB Bifidobacteria have been recommended as potential indicators of human fecal pollution in surface waters even though very little is known about their presence in nonhuman fecal sources. The objective of this research was to shed light on the occurrence and molecular diversity of this fecal indicator group in different animals and environmental waters. Genus- and species-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR assays were used to study the presence of bifidobacteria among 269 fecal DNA extracts from 32 different animals. Twelve samples from three wastewater treatment plants and 34 water samples from two fecally impacted watersheds were also tested. The species-specific assays showed that Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. dentium, and B. catenulatum had the broadest host distribution (11.9 to 17.4%), whereas B. breve, B. infantis, and B. longum were detected in fewer than 3% of all fecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis of 356 bifidobacterial clones obtained from different animal feces showed that ca. 67% of all of the sequences clustered with cultured bifidobacteria, while the rest formed a supercluster with low sequence identity (i.e., <94%) to previously described Bifidobacterium spp. The B. pseudolongum subcluster (>97% similarity) contained 53 fecal sequences from seven different animal hosts, suggesting the cosmopolitan distribution of members of this clade. In contrast, two clades containing B. thermophilum and B. boum clustered exclusively with 37 and 18 pig fecal clones, respectively, suggesting host specificity. Using species-specific assays, bifidobacteria were detected in only two of the surface water DNA extracts, although other fecal anaerobic bacteria were detected in these waters. Overall, the results suggest that the use of bifidobacterial species as potential markers to monitor human fecal pollution in natural waters may be questionable. C1 [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo; Kelty, Catherine] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lamendella, Regina; Oerther, Daniel B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 Martin Luther King Dr,MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov RI Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014 OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1128/AEM.01221-07 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 260OG UT WOS:000253019000004 PM 17993557 ER PT J AU Shanks, OC Atikovic, E Blackwood, AD Lu, JR Noble, RT Domingo, JS Seifring, S Sivaganesan, M Haugland, RA AF Shanks, Orin C. Atikovic, Emina Blackwood, A. Denene Lu, Jingrang Noble, Rachel T. Domingo, Jorge Santo Seifring, Shawn Sivaganesan, Mano Haugland, Richard A. TI Quantitative PCR for detection and enumeration of genetic markers of bovine fecal pollution SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; FRESH-WATER; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCI; BEACHES; SAND; SOIL AB Accurate assessment of health risks associated with bovine (cattle) fecal pollution requires a reliable host-specific genetic marker and a rapid quantification method. We report the development of quantitative PCR assays for the detection of two recently described bovine feces-specific genetic markers and a method for the enumeration of these markers using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. Both assays exhibited a range of quantification from 25 to 2 x 10(6) copies of target DNA, with a coefficient of variation of <2.1%. One of these assays can be multiplexed with an internal amplification control to simultaneously detect the bovine-specific genetic target and presence of amplification inhibitors. The assays detected only cattle fecal specimens when tested against 204 fecal DNA extracts from 16 different animal species and also demonstrated a broad distribution among individual bovine samples (98 to 100%) collected from five geographically distinct locations. The abundance of each bovine-specific genetic marker was measured in 48 individual samples and compared to quantitative PCR-enumerated quantities of rRNA gene sequences representing total Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and enterococci in the same specimens. Acceptable assay performance combined with the prevalence of DNA targets across different cattle populations provides experimental evidence that these quantitative assays will be useful in monitoring bovine fecal pollution in ambient waters. C1 [Shanks, Orin C.; Lu, Jingrang; Domingo, Jorge Santo; Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blackwood, A. Denene; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Atikovic, Emina; Seifring, Shawn; Haugland, Richard A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shanks, OC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shanks.orin@epa.gov NR 42 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1128/AEM.01843-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 260OG UT WOS:000253019000024 PM 18065617 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Lohitnavy, M Reddy, M Lohitnavy, O Eickman, E Ashley, A Gerjevic, L Xu, Y Conolly, RB Yang, RSH AF Lu, Yasong Lohitnavy, Manupat Reddy, Micaela Lohitnavy, Ornrat Eickman, Elizabeth Ashley, Amanda Gerjevic, Lisa Xu, Yihua Conolly, Rory B. Yang, Raymond S. H. TI Quantitative analysis of liver GST-P foci promoted by a chemical mixture of hexachlorobenzene and PCB 126: implication of size-dependent cellular growth kinetics SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hexachlorobenzene; PCB126; chemical mixture; clonal growth model; liver GST-P foci ID MEDIUM-TERM BIOASSAY; DIFFERENT POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; STOCHASTIC 2-STAGE MODEL; CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT; RAT-LIVER; POSITIVE FOCI; 2-CELL MODEL; HEPATIC FOCI; TUMOR; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE AB The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) evaluating the carcinogenic potential of the mixture of two persistent environmental pollutants, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), in an initiation-promotion bioassay involving the development of pi glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) liver foci, and (2) analyzing the GST-P foci data using a biologically-based computer model (i.e., clonal growth model) with an emphasis on the effect of focal size on the growth kinetics of initiated cells. The 8-week bioassay involved a series of treatments of initiator, two-thirds partial hepatectomy, and daily oral gavage of the mixture of two doses in male F344 rats. The mixture treatment significantly increased liver GST-P foci development, indicating carcinogenic potential of this mixture. Our clonal growth model was developed to simulate the appearance and development of initiated GST-P cells in the liver over time. In the model, the initiated cells were partitioned into two subpopulations with the same division rate but different death rates. Each subpopulation was further categorized into single cells, mini- (2-11 cells), medium- (12-399 cells), and large-foci (>399 cells) with different growth kinetics. Our modeling suggested that the growth of GST-P foci is size-dependent; in general, the larger the foci, the higher the rate constants of division and death. In addition, the modeling implied that the two doses promoted foci development in different manners even though the experimental foci data appeared to be similar between the two doses. This study further illustrated how clonal growth modeling may facilitate our understanding in chemical carcinogenic process. C1 [Lu, Yasong; Lohitnavy, Manupat; Lohitnavy, Ornrat; Eickman, Elizabeth; Gerjevic, Lisa; Yang, Raymond S. H.] Colorado State Univ, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reddy, Micaela] Roche Palo Alto LLC, DMPK Grp, Preclin Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Ashley, Amanda] Colorado State Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Xu, Yihua] Univ Wisconsin, McArdle Lab Canc Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yang, RSH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM raymond.yang@colostate.edu RI Lohitnavy, Manupat/A-6621-2008 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1 T32 ES 07321]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1 R01 OH07556] NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00204-007-0238-x PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 254UV UT WOS:000252614400005 PM 17874069 ER PT J AU Volckens, J Olson, DA Hays, MD AF Volckens, John Olson, David A. Hays, Michael D. TI Carbonaceous species emitted from handheld two-stroke engines SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE source apportionment; profile; two-stroke; biofuel; lawn and garden; PAH; VOC; PM ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; GAS-PHASE; VEHICLES; EXHAUST; HYDROCARBONS AB Small, handheld two-stroke engines used for lawn and garden work (e.g., string trimmers, leaf blowers, etc.) can emit a variety of potentially toxic carbonaceous air pollutants. Yet, the emissions effluents from these machines go largely uncharacterized, constraining the proper development of human exposure estimates, emissions inventories, and climate and air quality models. This study samples and evaluates chemical pollutant emissions from the dynamometer testing of six small, handheld spark-ignition engines-model years 1998-2002. Four oil-gas blends were tested in each engine in duplicate. Emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and gas-phase hydrocarbons were predominant, and the PM emitted was organic matter primarily. An ANOVA model determined that engine type and control tier contributed significantly to emissions variations across all identified compound classes; whereas fuel blend was an insignificant variable accounting for <5% of the observed variation in emissions. Though emissions rates from small engines were generally intermediate in magnitude compared with other gasoline-powered engines, numerous compounds traditionally viewed as motor vehicle markers are also present in small engine emissions in similar relative proportions. Given that small, handheld two-stroke engines used for lawn and garden work account for 5-10% of total US emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, HC, and PM2.5, source apportionment models and human exposure studies need to consider the effect of these small engines on ambient concentrations in air polluted environments. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Volckens, John; Olson, David A.; Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Volckens, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.volekens@colostate.edu RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Volckens, John/0000-0002-7563-9525 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1239 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.032 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277NK UT WOS:000254219800014 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Dennis, RL Bhave, PV AF Pinder, Robert W. Dennis, Robin L. Bhave, Prakash V. TI Observable indicators of the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to emission reductions - Part I: Derivation of the adjusted gas ratio and applicability at regulatory-relevant time scales SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE inorganic aerosol system; particulate matter; air-quality modeling; impacts of emission reductions ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL; SULFATE; TRENDS; MODEL AB Chemical transport models have frequently been used to evaluate the impacts of emission reductions on inorganic PM2.5. However, such models are limited in their accuracy by uncertain estimates of the spatial and temporal characterization of emissions and meteorology. Site-specific observations can more accurately characterize the distribution of pollutants, but cannot predict the effectiveness of emission controls. In this research, we use equilibrium theory and a chemical transport model to find observable indicators that are robust predictors of the change in PM2.5 nitrate due to changes in NH3, SO2, and NOx emissions. Two conditions are necessary: (1) the indicator must be valid at both instantaneous equilibrium and regulatory (daily and monthly) time-scales and (2) the indicator must be able to explain the majority of the spatial and temporal variance in the PM2.5 nitrate sensitivity. We find that the ratio of free ammonia to total nitrate meets these conditions during the winter in the Eastern United States. This observable ratio can be used to predict the percent change in PM2.5 nitrate due to SO2 and NH3 emissions reductions with nearly zero bias when compared with an emission driven chemical transport model. This permits a novel method for estimating the effectiveness of emission control strategies. The chemical transport model can be used to derive the relationship between the observed concentrations and the change in nitrate due to emission changes. Then observations can be used to apply that relationship to specific locations of interest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pinder, Robert W.; Dennis, Robin L.; Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci & Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci & Modeling Div, Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pinder.rob@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1275 EP 1286 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277NK UT WOS:000254219800017 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Bhave, PV Pinder, RW AF Dennis, Robin L. Bhave, Prakash V. Pinder, Robert W. TI Observable indicators of the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to emission reductions - Part II: Sensitivity to errors in total ammonia and total nitrate of the CMAQ-predicted non-linear effect of SO2 emission reductions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE inorganic aerosols; sensitivity analysis; non-linearity; particulate nitrate replacement; emission control response; nitrate relative reduction factors; RRF ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; AEROSOL AB The inorganic aerosol system of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium can respond non-linearly to changes in precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The potential increase in nitrate, when sulfate is reduced and the associated ammonia is released, can negate the sulfate mass reduction. Current regional-scale air quality models do not reproduce the present-day levels of total ammonia and total nitrate, leading to possible errors in the air quality model predictions of future nitrate concentrations. The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of errors in the total-ammonia and total-nitrate budgets on nitrate relative response (RR), defined as the percent change in particulate nitrate stemming from reductions in SO2 emissions. This objective is addressed through three sensitivity studies using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ). These studies assess the sensitivity of the nitrate RR (%) to (1) errors in ammonia emissions, (2) errors in the heterogeneous production of nitrate from N2O5, and (3) errors in the NOx emissions. The results indicate that nitrate RRs due to SO2 emission reductions are much more sensitive to errors in the total-ammonia budget than to errors in the total-nitrate budget. The sensitivity of the nitrate RR to NOx emissions is only moderate and is due primarily to the effect of NOx changes on sulfate production, rather than on total nitrate. Also, a strong relationship was found between the nitrate RR and the Adjusted Gas Ratio (free ammonia adjusted for the degree of sulfate neutralization divided by total nitrate). (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dennis, Robin L.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Pinder, Robert W.] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Robin.Dennis@noaa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1300 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.036 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277NK UT WOS:000254219800018 ER PT J AU Grandjean, P Bellinger, D Bergman, A Cordier, S Davey-Smith, G Eskenazi, B Gee, D Gray, K Hanson, M Van den Hazel, P Heindel, JJ Heinzow, B Hertz-Picciotto, I Hu, H Huang, TTK Jensen, TK Landrigan, PJ McMillen, IC Murata, K Ritz, B Schoeters, G Skakkebaek, NE Skerfving, S Weihe, P AF Grandjean, Philippe Bellinger, David Bergman, Ake Cordier, Sylvaine Davey-Smith, George Eskenazi, Brenda Gee, David Gray, Kimberly Hanson, Mark Van den Hazel, Peter Heindel, Jerrold J. Heinzow, Birger Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Hu, Howard Huang, Terry T-K Jensen, Tina Kold Landrigan, Philip J. McMillen, I. Caroline Murata, Katsuyuki Ritz, Beate Schoeters, Greet Skakkebaek, Niels Erik Skerfving, Staffan Weihe, Pal TI The faroes statement: Human health effects of developmental exposure to chemicals in our environment SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grandjean, Philippe; Jensen, Tina Kold] Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Med, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Grandjean, Philippe; Bellinger, David] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bergman, Ake] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cordier, Sylvaine] Univ Rennes 1, INSERM, U625, Rennes, France. [Davey-Smith, George] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Eskenazi, Brenda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gee, David] European Environm Agcy, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gray, Kimberly; Heindel, Jerrold J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Durham, NC USA. [Hanson, Mark] Univ Southampton, Princess Anne Hosp, Southampton, Hants, England. [Van den Hazel, Peter] Publ Hlth Serv Gelderland Midden, Arnhem, Netherlands. [Heinzow, Birger] State Agcy Hlth Occupat Safety Land Schleswig Hol, Kiel, Germany. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hu, Howard] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Huang, Terry T-K] NICHHD, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Landrigan, Philip J.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [McMillen, I. Caroline] Univ S Australia, Sansom Res Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Murata, Katsuyuki] Akita Univ, Sch Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Akita 010, Japan. [Ritz, Beate] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Schoeters, Greet] Flemish Inst Technol Res, Mol, Belgium. [Skakkebaek, Niels Erik] Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Growth & Reproduct, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Skerfving, Staffan] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. RP Grandjean, P (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Med, Winsloewsparken 17, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. EM pgrand@hsph.harvard.edu RI Ritz, Beate/E-3043-2015; Cordier, Sylvaine/F-7919-2013; OI Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS000065]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES015442] NR 0 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 102 IS 2 BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00114.x PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 254LU UT WOS:000252588900002 PM 18226057 ER PT J AU Mattson, VR Hockett, JR Highland, TL Ankley, GT Mount, DR AF Mattson, Vincent R. Hockett, J. Russell Highland, Terry L. Ankley, Gerald T. Mount, David R. TI Effects of low dissolved oxygen on organisms used in freshwater sediment toxicity tests SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; Chironomus dilutus; Hyalella azteca; Lumbriculus variegatus; sediment ID LETHAL; INVERTEBRATES; SURVIVAL; HYALELLA; GAMMARUS AB Minimum dissolved oxygen requirements are part of standard guidelines for toxicity testing of freshwater sediments with several benthic invertebrates, but the data underlying these requirements are somewhat sparse. We exposed three common test organisms to ranges of dissolved oxygen concentrations to determine their responses in 10-d exposures, relative to published guidelines for sediment toxicity tests. The oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, showed 100% survival in all exposures down to the lowest concentration tested, 0.7 mg O(2)1(-1). Midge (Chironomus dilutus) larva showed a more pronounced response; while survival was less than 90% only below 1.0 mg O2 l(-1), the biomass endpoint showed EC50, EC20, and EC10 values of 1.00 (0.91-1.10), 1.41 (1.16-1.71), and 1.67 (1.25-2.24) Ing O-2 1(-1). The amphipod, Hyalella azteca, showed no adverse effects at concentrations as low as 2.12 mg O-2 1(-1). The combination of these data with other literature data suggest that DO minima in current North American 10-d sediment test guidelines are reasonable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mattson, Vincent R.; Hockett, J. Russell; Highland, Terry L.; Ankley, Gerald T.; Mount, David R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Mount, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM mount.dave@epa.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1840 EP 1844 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.006 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 272TO UT WOS:000253883100012 PM 17870143 ER PT J AU Solo-Gabriele, HM Townsend, TG Khan, BI Dubey, B Jambeck, J Cai, Y AF Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Townsend, Timothy G. Khan, Bernine I. Dubey, Brajesh Jambeck, Jenna Cai, Yong TI Comment on "Evaluating landfill disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood and potential effects on groundwater: Evidence from Florida" by Jennifer K. Saxe, Eric J. Wannamaker, Scott W. Conklin, Todd F. Shupe and Barbara D. Beck [Chemosphere 66 (3) (2007) 496-504] SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Letter ID ENVIRONMENT; SPECIATION; RELEASE C1 [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Townsend, Timothy G.; Dubey, Brajesh] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Khan, Bernine I.] US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, Municipal Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Khan, Bernine I.] Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Hlth & Ecol Criteria Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Jambeck, Jenna] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cai, Yong] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cai, Yong] SERC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu RI Dubey, Brajesh/B-9677-2008; Townsend, Timothy/D-1981-2009; Cai, Yong/K-9868-2015 OI Dubey, Brajesh/0000-0002-6991-7314; Townsend, Timothy/0000-0002-1222-0954; Cai, Yong/0000-0002-2811-4638 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [S11 ES011181, S11 ES011181-01, S11 ES11181] NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1930 EP 1931 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.064 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 272TO UT WOS:000253883100024 PM 18082243 ER PT J AU Lewis, M Chancy, C AF Lewis, M. Chancy, C. TI A summary of total mercury concentrations in flora and fauna near common contaminant sources in the Gulf of Mexico SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE total mercury; bioaccumulation; water; sediment; biota; Gulf of Mexico ID HEAVY-METALS; QUALITY; BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENT; OYSTERS; WATER; FISH; USA AB Total mercury concentrations are summarized for environmental media and biota collected from near-coastal areas, several impacted by contaminant sources common to the Gulf of Mexico. Water, sediment, fish, blue crabs, oysters, clams, mussels, periphyton and seagrasses were collected during 1993-2002 from targeted areas affected by point and non-point source contaminants. Mean concentrations in water and sediment were 0.02 (+/- 1 standard deviation = 0.06) mu g l(-1) and 96.3 (230.8) ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. Mean total mercury concentrations in fish, blue crabs, brackish clams and mussels were significantly greater than those in sediment, seagrass, colonized periphyton and oysters. Concentrations (ng g(-1) dry wt) averaged 23.1 (two seagrass species), 220.1 (oysters), 287.8 (colonized periphyton), 604.0 (four species of freshwater mussels), 772.4 (brackish clam), 857.9 (blue crabs) and 933.1 (nine fish species). Spatial, intraspecific and interspecific variability in results limited most generalizations concerning the relative mercury contributions of different stressor types. However, concentrations were significantly greater for some biota collected from areas receiving wastewater discharges and golf course runoff (fish), agricultural runoff (oysters) and urban stormwater runoff (colonized periphyton and sediment). Marine water quality criteria and proposed sediment quality guidelines were exceeded in 1-12% of total samples. At least one seafood consumption guideline, criteria or screening value were exceeded in edible tissues of blue crabs (6% total samples) and nine fish species (8-33% total samples) but all residues were less than the US Federal Drug Administration action limit of 1.0 ppm and the few reported toxic effect concentrations available for the targeted biota. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lewis, M.; Chancy, C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Lewis, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects, Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lewis.michael@epa.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2016 EP 2024 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.020 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 269AW UT WOS:000253622900011 PM 17980902 ER PT J AU Hill, R Leidal, AM Madureira, PA Gillis, LD Cochrane, HK Waisman, DM Chiu, A Lee, PW AF Hill, Richard Leidal, Andrew M. Madureira, Patricia A. Gillis, Laura D. Cochrane, Haley K. Waisman, Dauid. M. Chiu, Arthur Lee, Patrick W. K. TI Hypersensitivity to chromium-induced DNA damage correlates with constitutive deregulation of upstream p53 kinases in p21-/-HCT116 colon cancer cells SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA damage; p53; p21; apoptosis; chromium ID FAS-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; CASPASE 3; IN-VIVO; P21; BAX; ARREST; CYCLE; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1) is a key component in cell cycle control and apoptosis, directing an anti-apoptotic response following DNA damage. Chromium exposure resulted in a 500 - 1000 fold increase in apoptosis-induced cell death in p21-/-HCT116 cells compared to wild-type or p53-/- cells. p53 shRNA (or transient p53 siRNA) into p21-/- HCT116 cells reduced Cr(VI) sensitivity; suggesting the enhanced apoptosis in p21-/- cells is p53-dependent. Under non-DNA damage conditions, the p53 level in p21-/-cells was significantly higher than in wild-type cells, due to enhanced p53 phosphorylation and stabilization rather than elevated p53 transcription. Wild-type cells showed significant p53 protein induction upon DNA damage whereas p21-/- cells showed no p53 increase. p21-/- cells display the constitutive activation of upstream p53 kinases (ATM, DNA-PK, ATR, AKT and p38). 2D gel analysis revealed p53 patterns in p21-/- cells were distinct from those in wild-type cells before and after chromium exposure. Our results suggest that p21 has an important role in the cellular response to normal replicative stress and its absence leads to a "chronic DNA damage" state that primes the cell for p53-dependent apoptosis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Richard; Leidal, Andrew M.; Gillis, Laura D.; Cochrane, Haley K.; Lee, Patrick W. K.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. [Hill, Richard; Leidal, Andrew M.; Gillis, Laura D.; Cochrane, Haley K.; Lee, Patrick W. K.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pathol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. [Madureira, Patricia A.; Waisman, Dauid. M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. [Chiu, Arthur] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lee, PW (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. EM Patrick.Lee@Dal.ca RI Madureira, Patricia/F-4656-2012; Hill, Richard/F-4875-2012; OI Madureira, Patricia/0000-0002-4856-3908; Hill, Richard/0000-0003-0394-6048; Waisman, David/0000-0002-5097-9662 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.10.001 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 260SS UT WOS:000253031300013 PM 18024214 ER PT J AU Bellas, AS Lange, I AF Bellas, Allen S. Lange, Ian TI Did state regulation of power plants cause an increase in pollution exportation? SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pollution; clean air act; stack heights; coal AB The 1970 Clean Air Act divided responsibility for achievement of air quality standards between the EPA and states. It is widely believed that, as a result, state-regulated sources received taller stacks, but analysis suggests that this is not true. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bellas, Allen S.] Metropolitan State Univ, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. [Lange, Ian] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Bellas, AS (reprint author), Metropolitan State Univ, 1501 Hennepin Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. EM allen.bellas@metrostate.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2007.04.032 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 259CP UT WOS:000252917000015 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC Li, P AF Sidle, W. C. Li, P. TI Impact of submersible pumps on Pb constituents in residential wells SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lead; submersible pump; groundwater wells; stable Pb isotope; Maine ID ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; LEAD AB Dissolved Pb in 51 domestic wells screened from 18 to 48 m in glacial tills and outwash deposits were examined in conjunction with the characteristics of their corresponding submersible pump. Pb concentrations, ranging from 0.8 to 24.9 mu g l(-1), entering residential water supplies were measured during 2001-2004 in the Royal watershed, Maine. Principal component analyses assisted the weighting of pump age, well screen depth, and draw time variables. Preliminary Pb sequestration significance in the boreholes was predicted from geochemical speciation and synchrotron XAS analyses. Nascent Pb-207/Pb-206 and Pb-208/Pb-206 isotope analyses assisted the discrimination of possibly leached Pb from submersible pump materials among geogenic sources. C1 [Sidle, W. C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Li, P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem MC 32251, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 EI 1573-2983 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD FEB PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s10653-007-9090-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 252XY UT WOS:000252482400001 PM 17503192 ER PT J AU Harvey, J Harwell, L Summers, JK AF Harvey, James Harwell, Linda Summers, J. Kevin TI Contaminant concentrations in whole-body fish and shellfish from US estuaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE National Coastal Assessment; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program; fish tissue contaminants; PCBs; mercury; PAHs; DDT; toxaphene; cadmium; dieldrin ID COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; MERCURY AB Persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) pollutants are chemical contaminants that pose risks to ecosystems and human health. For these reasons, available tissue contaminant data from the US EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program's National Coastal Assessment were examined to estimate to what areal extent PBTs are found in US estuarine resources. The data document composite, whole-body tissue chemical concentrations for 736 sampling sites across Northeast, Southeast, Gulf of Mexico, and West Coast estuaries. Tissue chemical concentrations were compared to US EPA non-cancer risk guidelines for recreational fishers, because of a lack of ecological guidelines for these chemical concentrations. Samples were analyzed for 23 PAH compounds, 21 PCB congeners, 6 DDT derivatives and metabolites, 14 chlorinated pesticides (other than DDT) and 13 metals, including mercury. Total PCBs were found to exceed recreational fisher guidelines most frequently (31% of samples evaluated), followed by mercury (29%), total PAHs (21%), and DDT and its metabolites, DDD and DDE (11%). Toxaphene, cadmium and dieldrin were found but in fewer than 1% of the samples. C1 [Harvey, James; Harwell, Linda; Summers, J. Kevin] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Harvey, J (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM harvey.jim@epa.gov NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9776-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250JI UT WOS:000252295500037 PM 17564799 ER PT J AU Beak, DG Basta, NT Scheckel, KG Traina, SJ AF Beak, Douglas G. Basta, Nicholas T. Scheckel, Kirk G. Traina, Samuel J. TI Linking solid phase speciation of Pb sequestered to birnessite to oral Pb bioaccessibility: Implications for soil remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; IN-SITU STABILIZATION; MANGANESE OXIDE; CONTAMINATED SOILS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LEAD; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS; MODEL; ADSORPTION AB Lead (Pb) sorption onto oxide surfaces in soils may strongly influence the risk posed from incidental ingestion of lead-contaminated soils. In this study, Pb was sorbed to a model soil mineral, birnessite, and was placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to simulate the possible effects of ingestion of a soil contaminated with Pb. The changes in Pb speciation were determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. Birnessite has a very high affinity for Pb with a sorption maximum of 0.59 mol Pb kg(-1) (approximately 12% Pb sorbed by mass) in which there was no detectable bioaccessible Pb (<0.002%). Surface speciation of the birnessite Pb was determined to be a triple corner sharing complex in the birnessite interlayer. Lead sorbed to Mn oxide in contaminated media will have a very low ( 0) Pb bioaccessibility and present little risk associated with incidental ingestion of soil. These results suggest that birnessite, and other Mn oxides would be powerful remediation tools for Pb-contaminated media because of their high affinity for Pb. C1 [Beak, Douglas G.; Basta, Nicholas T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beak, Douglas G.] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, LRPCD, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Traina, Samuel J.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Beak, DG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM beak.douglas@epa.gov RI Beak, Douglas/F-1846-2010; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1021/es071733n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600026 PM 18323102 ER PT J AU Shang, F Uber, JG Rossman, LA AF Shang, Feng Uber, James G. Rossman, Lewis A. TI Modeling reaction and transport, of multiple species in water distribution systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DECAY; QUALITY AB A general framework for modeling the reaction and transport of multiple, interacting chemical species in drinking water distribution systems is developed. It accommodates reactions between constituents in both the bulk flow (through pipes and storage tanks) and those attached to pipe walls. The framework has been implemented as an extension to the well-known EPANET programmer's toolkit (a library of functions that simulates hydraulic behavior and water quality transport in pipe networks). The implementation allows modelers to define the particular species of interest and their chemical equilibrium and reaction rate equations in a natural fashion using standard functional notation. It also employs several different numerical methods, including a stiff differential equation solver, to solve the reaction/equilibrium system throughout the pipe network using the standard EPANET transport algorithm. The flexibility and power of the framework is demonstrated with two examples that model water quality dynamics governed by different reaction/equilibrium systems. C1 [Shang, Feng; Uber, James G.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Rossman, Lewis A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM feng.shang@uc.edu RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.1021/es072011z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600030 PM 18323106 ER PT J AU Henderson, JK Freedman, DL Falta, RW Kuder, T Wilson, JT AF Henderson, James K. Freedman, David L. Falta, Ronald W. Kuder, Tomasz Wilson, John T. TI Anaerobic biodegradation of ethylene dibromide and 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of fuel hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; GROUNDWATER; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION AB Field evidence from underground storage tank sites where leaded gasoline leaked indicates the lead scavengers 1,2dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide, or EDB) and 1,2dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) may be present in groundwater at levels that pose unacceptable risk. These compounds are seldom tested for at UST sites. Although dehalogenation of EDB and 1,2-DCA is well established, the effect of fuel hydrocarbons on their biodegradability under-anaerobic conditions is poorly understood. Microcosms (2 L glass bottles) were prepared with soil and groundwater from a UST site in Clemson, South Carolina, using samples collected from the source (containing residual fuel) and less contaminated downgradient areas. Anaerobic biodegradation of EDB occurred in microcosms simulating natural attenuation, but was more extensive and predictable in treatments biostimulated with lactate. In the downgradient biostimulated microcosms, EDB decreased below its maximum contaminant level (MCL) (0.05 mu g/L) at a first order rate of 9.4 +/- 0.2yr(-1). The pathway for EDB dehalogenation proceeded mainly by dihaloelimination to ethene in the source microcosms, while sequential hydrogenolysis to bromoethane and ethane was predominant in the downgradient treatments. Biodegradation of EDB in the source microcosms was confirmed by carbon specific isotope analysis, with a delta C-13 enrichment factor of -5.6 parts per thousand. The highest levels of EDB removal occurred in microcosms that produced the highest amounts of methane. Extensive biodegradation of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and ortho-xylene was also observed in the source and downgradient area microcosms. In contrast, biodegradation of 1,2-DCA proceeded at a considerably slower rate than EDB, with no response to lactate additions. The slower biodegradation rates for 1,2-DCA agree with field observations and indicate that even if EDB is removed to below its MCL 1,2-DCA may persist. C1 [Henderson, James K.; Freedman, David L.; Falta, Ronald W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kuder, Tomasz] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wilson, John T.] US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK 74821 USA. RP Henderson, JK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM henderj@clemson.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 864 EP 870 DI 10.1021/es0712773 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600038 PM 18323114 ER PT J AU Hubal, EAC Nishioka, MG Ivancic, WA Morara, M Egeghy, PP AF Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen Nishioka, Marcia G. Ivancic, William A. Morara, Michele Egeghy, Peter P. TI Comparing surface residue transfer efficiencies to hands using polar and nonpolar fluorescent tracers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; IMAGING TECHNIQUE; DERMAL EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; CONTACT AB Transfer of chemicals from contaminated surfaces such as foliage, floors, and furniture is a potentially significant source of both occupational exposure and children's residential exposure. Increased understanding of relevant factors influencing transfers from contaminated surfaces to skin and resulting dermal-loading will reduce uncertainty in exposure assessment. In a previously reported study, a fluorescence imaging system was developed, tested, and used to measure transfer of riboflavin residues from surfaces to hands. Parameters evaluated included surface type, surface loading, contact motion, pressure, duration, and skin condition. Results of the initial study indicated that contact duration and pressure were not significant for the range of values tested, but that there are potentially significant differences in transfer efficiencies of different compounds. In the study reported here, experimental methods were refined and additional transfer data were collected. A second fluorescent tracer, Uvitex OB, with very different physicochemical properties than riboflavin, was also evaluated to better characterize the range of transfers that may be expected for a variety of compounds. Fluorescent tracers were applied individually to surfaces and transfers to skin were measured after repeated hand contacts with the surface. Additional trials were conducted to compare transfer of tracers and coapplied pesticide residues. Results of this study indicate that dermal loadings of both tracers increase through the seventh brief contact. Dermal loading of Uvitex tends to increase at a higher rate than dermal loadings of riboflavin. Measurement of co-applied tracer and pesticide suggest results for these two tracers may provide reasonable bounding estimates of pesticide transfer. C1 [Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nishioka, Marcia G.; Ivancic, William A.; Morara, Michele] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hubal, EAC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hubal.elaine@epa.gov OI Egeghy, Peter/0000-0002-1727-0766 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 934 EP 939 DI 10.1021/es071668h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600049 PM 18323125 ER PT J AU Mazur, CS Kenneke, JF AF Mazur, Christopher S. Kenneke, John F. TI Cross-species comparison of conazole fungicide metabolites using rat and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) hepatic microsomes and purified human CYP 3A4 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; TOXICITY PROFILES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LIVER; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Ecological risk assessment frequently relies on cross-species extrapolation to predict acute toxicity from chemical exposures. A major concern for environmental risk characterization is the degree of uncertainty in assessing xenobiotic biotransformation processes. Although inherently complex, metabolite identification is critical to risk assessment since the product(s) formed may pose a greater toxicological threat than the parent molecule. This issue is further complicated by differences observed in metabolic transformation pathways among species. Conazoles represent an important class of azole fungicides that are widely used in both pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. The antifungal property of conazoles occurs via complexation with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) responsible for mediating fungal cell wall synthesis. This mode of action has cause for concern regarding the potential adverse impact of conazoles on the broad spectrum of CYP-based processes within mammalian and aquatic species. In this study, in vitro metabolic profiles were determined for thirteen conazole fungicides using rat and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver microsomes and purified human CYP 3A4. Results showed that 10 out of the 13 conazoles tested demonstrated identical metabolite profiles among rat and trout microsomes, and these transformations were well conserved via both aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylation and carbonyl reduction processes. Furthermore, nearly all metabolites detected in the rat and trout microsomal assays were detected within the human CYP 3A4 assays. These results indicate a high degree of metabolic conservation among species with an equivalent isozyme activity of human CYP 3A4 being present in both the rat and trout, and provides insight into xenobiotic biotransformations needed for accurate risk assessment. C1 [Mazur, Christopher S.; Kenneke, John F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mazur, CS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mazur.chris@epa.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1021/es072049b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600051 PM 18323127 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Muellner, MG Richardson, SD Fasanot, F Buettner, KM Woo, YT Mckague, AB Wagner, ED AF Plewa, Michael J. Muellner, Mark G. Richardson, Susan D. Fasanot, Francesca Buettner, Katherine M. Woo, Yin-Tak Mckague, A. Bruce Wagner, Elizabeth D. TI Occurrence, synthesis, and mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of haloacetamides: An emerging class of nitrogenous drinking water disinfection byproducts SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CHLORINE DISINFECTION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BLADDER-CANCER; HALOACETONITRILES; TRIHALOMETHANES; IDENTIFICATION; IODOACETAMIDE; ACIDS; ACETONITRILES AB The haloacetamides, a class of emerging nitrogenous drinking water disinfection byproduct (DBPs), were analyzed for their chronic cytotoxicity and for the induction of genomic DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The rank order for cytotoxicity of 13 haloacetamides was DIAcAm > IAcAm > BAcAm > TBAcAm > BIAcAm > DBCAcAm > CIAcAm > BDCAcAm > DBAcAm > BCAcAm > CAcAm > DCAcAm > TCAcAm. The rank order of their genotoxicity was TBAcAm > DIAcAm IAcAm > BAcAm > DBCAcAm > BIAcAm > BDCAcAm > CIAcAm > BCAcAm > DBAcAm > CAcAm > TCAcAm. DCAcAm was not genotoxic. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were primarily determined by the leaving tendency of the halogens and followed the order I > Br > > CI. With the exception of brominated trihaloacetamides, most of the toxicity rank order was consistent with structure-activity relationship expectations. For di- and trihaloacetamides, the presence of at least one good leaving halogen group (I or Br but not CI) appears to be critical for significant toxic activity. Log P was not a factor for monohaloacetamides but may play a role in the genotoxicity of trihaloacetamides and possible activation of dihaloacetamides by intracellular GSH and -SH compounds. With the advent of the U.S. EPA Stage 2 DBP regulations, water utilities are considering the use of disinfectants that are alternatives to chlorine. The use of these alternative disinfectants will shift the distribution of DBP chemical classes. The emergence of new, highly toxic iodinated, nitrogenous DBPs, as illustrated by the discovery of bromoiodoacetamide as a new DBP, underscores the importance of comparative toxicity studies to assist in the overall goal of safer drinking water practice. C1 [Plewa, Michael J.; Muellner, Mark G.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richardson, Susan D.; Fasanot, Francesca; Buettner, Katherine M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Woo, Yin-Tak] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Mckague, A. Bruce] Can Syn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mplewa@uiuc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07326] NR 63 TC 145 Z9 164 U1 14 U2 116 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 955 EP 961 DI 10.1021/es071754h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600052 PM 18323128 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Valero, JR Surampalli, RY AF Brar, S. K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Valero, J. R. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of wastewater and wastewater sludge - Presence and characterization of chitinases SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; chitinase; fermenter; soyameal; starch industry wastewater; wastewater sludge ID RAW-MATERIAL; BIOPESTICIDES; FORMULATIONS AB This study investigated the presence of chitinases in Bacillus thuringiensis ssp kurstaki HD-1(Bt) fermented broths of wastewater sludge (non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed); starch industry wastewater and soyameal. Chitinase activity was absent in soyameal and present in others. Chitinase demonstrated peaks at pH 4.0 and temperatures 40 and 50 degrees C with higher activity between pH 4-5 and 10-11. The chitinase band on SDS-PAGE was found to be between 36 and 45 kDa for non-hydrolyzed (NH) and hydrolyzed sludge (TH) and starch industry wastewater. The chitinase profile during fermentation showed peaks at 15 and 30 h for non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed sludge and 15 and 24 h for starch industry wastewater. Chitinase retained 96-99 % activity after two weeks incubation at room temperature and pH 4. Bioassays with supplementation of Bt chitinases showed 1.2 fold increase in entomotoxicity of wastewater sludge and a small increase in starch industry wastewater. This study sheds light on production of Bt chitinases in alternative media which will have a long term effect on entomotoxicity of these formulations. C1 [Brar, S. K.; Verma, M.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), INRS ETE, 490 Couronne,CP 7500, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 EI 1479-487X J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1080/09593330802028550 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298ZC UT WOS:000255724600005 PM 18613615 ER PT J AU Suski, JG Salice, C Houpt, JT Bazar, MA Talent, LG AF Suski, Jamie G. Salice, Christopher Houpt, John T. Bazar, Matthew A. Talent, Larry G. TI Dose-related effects following oral exposure of 2,4-dinitrotoluene on the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lizard; toxicity; reptile; dinitrotoluene ID CHRONIC TOXICITY; ECOTOXICOLOGY; STRESS; MODELS AB 2,4-dintitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is an explosive frequently found in the soil of military installations. Because reptiles can be common on these sites, ecological risk assessments for compounds such as 2,4-DNT could be improved with toxicity data specific to reptiles. Western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, were used to develop a laboratory toxicity model for reptiles. A hierarchical approach was used; acute to subchronic studies were conducted to provide toxicity data relevant to short- and long-term exposures. First, a modified median lethal dose (LD50) study was conducted on male and female lizards using a stage-wise probit model. The LD50 was 577 mg/kg for female and 380 mg/kg for male lizards. Subsequently, a subacute experiment was conducted to further assess 2,4-DNT toxicity to male lizards and to define exposure levels for a longer term, subchronic study. The subchronic study was conducted for 60 consecutive days; male lizards were exposed to 0, 9, 15, 25, 42, 70 mg/kg/d. Dose-dependent mortality was observed in the three highest dose groups (25, 42, and 70 mg/kg/d); all other animals survived the study duration. Benchmark dose model calculations based on mortality indicated a 5% effect level of 15.8 mg/kg/d. At study termination, a gross necropsy was performed, organ weights were taken, and blood was collected for clinical and hematological analysis. Body weight, kidney weight, food consumption, postdose observations, and blood chemistries all were found to be significantly different from controls at doses above 9 mg/kg/d. Also, preliminary results suggest behavioral observations, and reduced food consumption may be a sensitive indicator of toxicity. The present study indicates Sceloporus occidentalis is suitable for evaluating toxicity of compounds to reptilian species. C1 [Suski, Jamie G.; Salice, Christopher; Houpt, John T.; Bazar, Matthew A.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Salice, Christopher] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Talent, Larry G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Suski, JG (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM suski.jamie@epa.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1897/07-149R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 253DX UT WOS:000252500000014 PM 18348623 ER PT J AU Martinovic, D Blake, LS Durhan, EJ Greene, KJ Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT AF Martinovic, Dalma Blake, Lindsey S. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Greene, Katie J. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Reproductive toxicity of vinclozolin in the fathead minnow: Confirming an anti-androgenic mode of action SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fish; vinclozolin; anti-androgen; endocrine disruption; reproduction ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE; RAINBOW-TROUT; RECEPTOR; FUNGICIDE; ASSAY; RATS; METABOLITES AB The objective of the present study was to characterize responses of the reproductive endocrine system of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to the fungicide vinclozolin (VZ), using a 21-d reproduction assay, and a shorter-term (approximately two weeks) test in which fish were cotreated with the VZ (a putative anti-androgen) and the androgen 17 beta-trenbolone (TB). Effects on fecundity, gonadal histology, secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive hormones, and relative abundance of androgen receptor (AR) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) mRNA transcripts were evaluated in one or both of these studies. Fecundity of VZ-exposed fish was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the 21-d test, culminating in complete reproductive failure at a concentration of 700 mu g/L. Exposure to VZ decreased expression of male secondary sexual characteristics-an effect typical of anti-androgens. The finding that exposure of females to TB-induced expression of prominent, male-like tubercles, which could be effectively blocked with VZ, provides powerful evidence of the anti-androgenic activity of VZ in vivo. In the two experiments VZ produced several responses possibly indicative of compensation or adaptation of the fish to the anti-androgen, including increases in gonad weight, AR and 11 beta HSD mRNA transcript abundance, and ex vivo gonadal production of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Overall, our results demonstrate that the model anti-androgen VZ, which also is an environmental contaminant, impairs reproductive success of fathead minnows and elicits endocrine responses consistent with an anti-androgenic mode of action. C1 [Martinovic, Dalma; Blake, Lindsey S.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Greene, Katie J.; Kahl, Michael D.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Martinovic, D (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM martinovic.daima@epa.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 42 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 478 EP 488 DI 10.1897/07-206R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 253DX UT WOS:000252500000029 PM 18348629 ER PT J AU Oczkowski, A Nixon, S Henry, K DiMilla, P Pilson, M Granger, S Buckley, B Thornber, C McKinney, R Chaves, J AF Oczkowski, Autumn Nixon, Scott Henry, Kelly DiMilla, Peter Pilson, Michael Granger, Stephen Buckley, Betty Thornber, Carol McKinney, Richard Chaves, Joaquin TI Distribution and trophic importance of anthropogenic nitrogen in Narragansett Bay: An assessment using stable isotopes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; carbon; stable isotope; Narragansett Bay; sewage; macroalgae; hard clams; eutrophication ID SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; RHODE-ISLAND; INORGANIC CARBON; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BICARBONATE UPTAKE; NORTHEASTERN USA; SALT MARSHES; FOOD WEBS; EUTROPHICATION; WATER AB Narragansett Bay has been heavily influenced by human activities for more than 200 years. In recent decades, it has been one of the snore intensively fertilized estuaries in the USA, with most of the anthropogenic nutrient load originating from sewage treatment plants (STP). This will soon change as tertiary treatment upgrades reduce nitrogen (N) loads by about one third or more during the summer. Before these reductions take place, we sought to characterize the sewage N signature in primary (macroalgae) and secondary (the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria) producers in the bay using stable isotopes of N (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13). The delta N-15 signatures of the macroalgae show a clear gradient of approximately 4 parts per thousand from north to south, i.e., high to low point source loading. There is also evidence of a west to east gradient of heavy to light values of delta N-15 in the bay consistent with circulation patterns and residual flows. The Providence River Estuary, just north of Narragansett Bay proper, receives 85% of STP inputs to Narragansett Bay, and lower delta N-15 values in macroalgae there reflected preferential uptake of N-14 in this heavily fertilized area. Differences in pH from N stimulated photosynthesis and related shifts in predominance of dissolved C species may control the observed delta C-13 signatures. Unlike the macroalgae, the clams were remarkably uniform in both delta N-15 (13.2 +/- 0.54 parts per thousand SD) and delta C-13 (-16.76 +/- 0.61 parts per thousand SD) throughout the bay, and the delta N-15 values were 2-5 parts per thousand heavier than in clams collected outside the bay. We suggest that this remarkable uniformity reflects a food source of anthropogenically heavy phytoplankton formed in the upper bay and supported by sewage derived N. We estimate that approximately half of the N in the clams throughout Narragansett Bay may be from anthropogenic sources. C1 [Oczkowski, Autumn; Nixon, Scott; Henry, Kelly; DiMilla, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Thornber, Carol] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [McKinney, Richard] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Chaves, Joaquin] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Oczkowski, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ajo@gso.uri.edu RI Thornber, Carol/B-5786-2014; OI Thornber, Carol/0000-0003-0034-1035; Oczkowski, Autumn/0000-0002-2421-0956 NR 93 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s12237-007-9029-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 259GF UT WOS:000252927100006 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Kravitz, M AF Griffith, Michael B. Kravitz, Michael TI Relationships among exceedences of sediment guidelines, the results of ambient sediment toxicity tests, and community metrics in estuarine systems SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE sediment guidelines; ambient sediment toxicity tests; community metrics; estuarine systems; community-level effects; organism-level effects ID BENTHIC INDEX; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; EXTRAPOLATION; CHEMISTRY; STREAMS; MARINE AB To use bioassessments to help diagnose or identify the specific environmental stressors affecting estuaries, we need a better understanding of the relationships among sediment chemistry guidelines, ambient toxicity tests, and community metrics. However, this relationship is not simple because metrics generally assess the responses at the community level of biological organization whereas sediment guidelines and ambient toxicity tests generally assess or are based on the responses at the organism level. The relationship may be further complicated by the influence of other chemical and physical variables that affect the bioavailability and toxicity of chemical contaminants in the environment. Between 1990 and 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) conducted an Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) survey of estuarine sites in the Virginian Province of the eastern United States. The surveys collected data on benthic assemblages, physical and chemical habitat characteristics, and sediment chemistry and toxicity. We characterized these estuarine sites as affected by sediment contamination based on the exceedence of sediment guidelines or on ambient sediment toxicity tests (i.e., 10-day Ampelisca abdita survival). Then, benthic invertebrate metrics were compared among affected and unaffected sites to identify metrics sensitive to the contamination. A number of benthic invertebrate metrics differed between groups of sites segregated using the organism-level measures whereas other metrics did not. The difference among metrics appears to depend on the sensitivity of the individual metrics to the stressor gradient represented by metals or persistent organic toxics in sediments because the insensitive metrics do not effectively quantify the changes in the benthic invertebrate assemblage associated with these stressors. The significant relationships suggest that a relationship exists between the organism-level effects assessed by chemistry or ambient toxicity tests and the community-level effects assessed by community metrics and that the organism-level effects are predictive, to some extent, of community-level effects. C1 [Griffith, Michael B.; Kravitz, Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM griffith.michael@epa.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s12237-007-9003-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 259GF UT WOS:000252927100009 ER PT J AU Almasi, KN Eldridge, PM AF Almasi, Kama N. Eldridge, Peter M. TI A dynamic model of an estuarine invasion by a non-native seagrass SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE spatially explicit population model; SEPM; invasion; eelgrass; disturbance; competition ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; SPREAD; DISTURBANCE; JAPONICA; REPRODUCTION; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS AB Mathematical and simulation models provide an excellent tool for examining and predicting biological invasions in time and space; however, traditional models do not incorporate dynamic rates of population growth, which limits their realism. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model that allows patch or population growth rate to change with population size through the incorporation of field data. We used the model to evaluate the invasion of a west coast estuary by the non-indigenous Japanese eelgrass, Zostera japonica (Zosteraceae). Specifically, we tested the relative importance of stochastic, abiotic disturbance, interspecific competition, and vegetative and seedling survival. Our model predicted that vegetative shoot and seedling survival limited by competition are the most important limiting factors for Z. japonica growth, although stochastic disturbance was also a limiting factor. Population cycles and patchy distribution were also predicted, with the eelgrass apparently coexisting with the competitor. The model should be applicable to a variety of invasive species, with various types of disturbance and limiting factors. C1 [Almasi, Kama N.; Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Almasi, KN (reprint author), US EPA, Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM knalmasi@yahoo.com; Eldridge.Pete@epa.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 163 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s12237-007-9024-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 259GF UT WOS:000252927100014 ER PT J AU Wiechmann, AF Chignell, CF Roberts, JE AF Wiechmann, Allan F. Chignell, Colin F. Roberts, Joan E. TI Influence of dietary melatonin on photoreceptor survival in the rat retina: An ocular toxicity study SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE melatonin; photoreceptor; retina; toxicity; circadian ID HYDROXYINDOLE-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; LOW-DOSE INTERLEUKIN-2; XENOPUS-LAEVIS RETINA; CHICKEN RETINA; MESSENGER-RNA; DOPAMINE RELEASE; PINEAL-GLAND; LIGHT DAMAGE; JET-LAG; LOCALIZATION AB Previous studies have shown that melatonin treatment increases the susceptibility of retinal photoreceptors to light-induced cell death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate under various conditions the potential toxicity of dietary melatonin on retinal photoreceptors. Male and female Fischer 344 (non-pigmented) and Long-Evans (pigmented) rats were treated with daily single doses of melatonin by gavage for a period of 14 days early in the light period or early in the dark period. In another group, rats were treated 3 times per week with melatonin early in the light period, and then exposed to high intensity illumination (1000-1500 lx; HII) for 2 h, and then returned to the normal cyclic lighting regime. At the end of the treatment periods, morphometric measurements of outer nuclear layer thickness (ONL; the layer containing the photoreceptor cell nuclei) were made at specific loci throughout the retinas. In male and female non-pigmented Fischer rats, melatonin administration increased the degree of photoreceptor cell death when administered during the nighttime and during the day when followed by exposure to HII. There were some modest effects of melatonin on photoreceptor cell death when administered to Fischer rats during the day or night without exposure to HII. Melatonin treatment caused increases in the degree of photoreceptor cell death when administered in the night to male pigmented Long-Evans rats, but melatonin administration during the day, either with or without exposure to HII, had little if any effect on photoreceptor cell survival. In pigmented female Long-Evans rats, melatonin administration did not appear to have significant effects on photoreceptor cell death in any treatment group. The results of this study confirm and extend previous reports that melatonin increases the susceptibility of photoreceptors to light-induced cell death in non-pigmented rats. It further suggests that during the dark period, melatonin administration alone (i.e., no HII exposure) to pigmented male rats may have a toxic effect on retinal cells. These results suggest that dietary melatonin, in combination with a brief exposure to high intensity illumination, induces cellular disruption in a small number of photoreceptors. Chronic exposure to natural or artificial light and simultaneous intake of melatonin may potentially contribute to a significant loss of photoreceptor cells in the aging retina. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiechmann, Allan F.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Wiechmann, Allan F.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Chignell, Colin F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Roberts, Joan E.] Fordham Univ, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA. RP Wiechmann, AF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. EM allan-wiechmann@ouhsc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0010085416, Z01 ES050046-29]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR 017713]; NEI NIH HHS [R03 EY013686-03, EY 13686, R03 EY013686, EY 12191]; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01 ES 65406] NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 86 IS 2 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2007.10.015 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 278FY UT WOS:000254271600011 PM 18078931 ER PT J AU Bowman, CC Selgrade, MK AF Bowman, C. C. Selgrade, M. K. TI Sodium bicarbonate facilitates low-dose oral tolerance to peanut in mice SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Bowman, C. C.; Selgrade, M. K.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 373 BP S96 EP S97 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.385 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426400374 ER PT J AU Pucheu-Haston, CM Copeland, LB Ward, MDW AF Pucheu-Haston, C. M. Copeland, L. B. Ward, M. D. W. TI Allergic asthma and the developing immune system: a pilot study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Pucheu-Haston, C. M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Copeland, L. B.; Ward, M. D. W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/D-8322-2015 OI Pucheu-Haston, Cherie/0000-0003-1916-7188 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 693 BP S181 EP S181 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.668 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401157 ER PT J AU Slager, RE Poole, JA Levan, TD Hoppin, JA AF Slager, R. E. Poole, J. A. Levan, T. D. Hoppin, J. A. TI Occupational rhinitis is associated with pesticide exposure among commercial pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Slager, R. E.; Poole, J. A.; Levan, T. D.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Hoppin, J. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 902 BP S234 EP S234 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.926 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426401366 ER PT J AU Ward, MDW Chung, Y Svendsen, E Yeatts, K Peden, D Neas, L Devlin, R AF Ward, M. D. W. Chung, Y. Svendsen, E. Yeatts, K. Peden, D. Neas, L. Devlin, R. TI Asthmatic human serum IgE-reactivity with mold extracts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 14-18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Ward, M. D. W.; Chung, Y.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Svendsen, E.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Yeatts, K.; Peden, D.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Neas, L.; Devlin, R.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 SU 1 MA 82 BP S21 EP S21 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.088 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 266HZ UT WOS:000253426400083 ER PT J AU Kondragunta, S Lee, P Mcqueen, J Kittaka, C Prados, AI Ciren, P Laszlo, I Pierce, RB Hoff, R Szykman, JJ AF Kondragunta, S. Lee, P. Mcqueen, J. Kittaka, C. Prados, A. I. Ciren, P. Laszlo, I. Pierce, R. B. Hoff, R. Szykman, J. J. TI Air quality forecast verification using satellite data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; PARTICULATE MATTER; MODEL DESCRIPTION; RETRIEVALS; DEPTH; OCEAN; VALIDATION; COMPONENT; PRODUCT; SIGNAL AB NOAA's operational geostationary satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depths (AODs) were used to verify National Weather Service developmental (research mode) particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions tested during the summer 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation/New England Air Quality Study (ICARTT/NEAQS) field campaign. The forecast period included long-range transport of smoke from fires burning in Canada and Alaska and a regional-scale sulfate event over the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern United States. Over the 30-day time period for which daytime hourly forecasts were compared with observations, the categorical (exceedance defined as AOD > 0.55) forecast accuracy was between 0% and 20%. Hourly normalized mean bias (forecasts - observations) ranged between -50% and +50% with forecasts being positively biased when observed AODs were small and negatively biased when observed AODs were high. Normalized mean errors are between 50% and 100% with the errors on the lower end during the 18-22 July 2004 time period when a regional-scale sulfate event occurred. Spatially, the errors are small over the regions where sulfate plumes were present. The correlation coefficient also showed similar features (spatially and temporally) with a peak value of similar to 0.6 during the 18-22 July 2004 time period. The dominance of long-range transport of smoke into the United States during the summer of 2004, neglected in the model predictions, skewed the model forecast performance. Enhanced accuracy and reduced normalized mean errors during the time period when a sulfate event prevailed show that the forecast system has skill in predicting PM2.5 associated with urban/industrial pollution events. C1 [Kondragunta, S.; Laszlo, I.; Pierce, R. B.] NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Lee, P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Mcqueen, J.] NWS, NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kittaka, C.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA USA. [Prados, A. I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Ciren, P.] QSS Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kittaka, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. [Szykman, J. J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kondragunta, S (reprint author), NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM shobha.kondragunta@noaa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 425 EP 442 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1392.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282RQ UT WOS:000254585300006 ER PT J AU Vane, LM Namboodiri, VV Bowen, TC AF Vane, Leland M. Namboodiri, Vasudevan V. Bowen, Travis C. TI Hydrophobic zeolite-silicone rubber mixed matrix membranes for ethanol-water separation: Effect of zeolite and silicone component selection on pervaporation performance SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixed matrix membrane; ethanol; silicalite; biofuel; silicone rubber ID PDMS-MEMBRANES; SILICALITE MEMBRANES; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; BIOETHANOL RECOVERY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MIXTURES; ALCOHOLS; SORPTION AB High-silica ZSM-5 zeolites were incorporated into poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) polymers to form mixed matrix membranes for ethanol removal from water via pervaporation. Membrane formulation and preparation parameters were varied to determine the effect on pervaporation performance including siloxane chain length, crosslinking agent concentration and density of reactive groups, catalyst level, solvent type, zeolite type and loading, mixing method, and presence of a porous support membrane. Uniform dispersion of zeolite was critical to the achievement of reproducible results and ultrasonication with a probe-type device was found to be effective at particle dispersal. Properties of the vinyl-terminated PDMS and methyl-hydride crosslinking agents in the polymer system had a limited effect on performance while zeolite loading had the greatest effect. The highest observed selectivity of 3.0 was observed with 65 wt% zeolite loading, the highest practicable loading for the polymer system studied. The current results are placed in the context of ZSM-5/PDMS mixed matrix membranes previously reported in the literature for ethanol-water separation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vane, Leland M.; Namboodiri, Vasudevan V.; Bowen, Travis C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Vane.Leland@epa.gov NR 30 TC 112 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 308 IS 1-2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 259AF UT WOS:000252910800021 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Hartmann, C Neace, M Yoder, S Vesper, A AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Hartmann, Chris Neace, Michelle Yoder, Stephanie Vesper, Alex TI Quantifying fungal viability in air and water samples using quantitative PCR after treatment with propidium monoazide (PMA) SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE viability; infectious fungi; blue LED; PMA ID REAL-TIME; PATHOGENIC ASPERGILLUS; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; INFECTIONS; BIOFILMS; INDOOR; CELLS AB A method is described to discriminate between live and dead cells of the infectious fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Paecilomyces variotii. To test the method, conidial suspensions were heat inactivated at 85 degrees C or held at 5 degrees C (controls) for 1 h. Polycarbonate filters (25 mm diameter, 0.8 mu m pore size) were placed on "welled" slides (14 mm diameter) and the filters treated with either PBS or PMA. Propidium monoazide (PMA), which enters dead cells but not live cells, was incubated with cell suspensions, exposed to blue wavelength light-emitting diodes (LED) to inactivate remaining PMA and secure intercalation of PMA with DNA of dead cells. Treated cells were extracted and the live and dead cells evaluated with quantitative PCR (QPCR). After heat treatment and DNA modification with PMA, all fungal species tested showed an approximate 100- to 1000-fold difference in cell viability estimated by QPCR analysis which was consistent with estimates of viability based on culturing. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McKinstry, Craig] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hartmann, Chris] Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA. [Neace, Michelle; Yoder, Stephanie] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pathobiol & Mol Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Vesper, Alex] Novitran, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, 26 W ML King Ave,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 26 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.11.017 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 263JY UT WOS:000253214600009 PM 18160156 ER PT J AU Remacha-Trivino, A Borsay-Horowitz, D Dungan, C Gual-Arnau, X Gomez-Leon, J Villamil, L Gomez-Chiarri, M AF Remacha-Trivino, Antonio Borsay-Horowitz, Doranne Dungan, Christopher Gual-Arnau, Ximo Gomez-Leon, Javier Villamil, Luisa Gomez-Chiarri, Marta TI Numerical quantification of Perkinsus marinus in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) (Mollusca : Bivalvia) by modern stereology SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; EASTERN OYSTER; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ARBITRARY PARTICLES; UNBIASED ESTIMATION; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; PECTEN-MAXIMUS; VOLUME; NUMBER; ASSAY AB Species of Perkinsus are responsible for high mortalities of bivalve molluscs world-wide. Techniques to accurately estimate parasites in tissues are required to improve understanding of perkinsosis. This study quantifies the number and tissue distribution of Perkinsus marinus in Crassostrea virginica by modern stereology and immunohistochemistry. Mean total number of trophozoites were (mean +/- SE) 11.80 +/- 3.91 million and 11.55 +/- 3.88 million for the optical disector and optical fractionator methods, respectively. The mean empirical error between both stereological approaches was 3.8 +/- 1.0%. Trophozoites were detected intracellularly in the following tissues: intestine (30.1%), Leydig tissue (21.3%), hemocytes (14.9%), digestive gland (11.4%), gills (6.1%), connective tissues (5.7%), gonads (4.1%), palps (2.2%), muscle (1.9%), mantle connective (0.8%), pericardium (0.7%), mantle epithelium (0.1%), and heart (0.1%). The remaining 0.6% were found extracellularly. Percentages of trophozoite stages were (mean SE): large, log-phase trophonts, i.e., signet rings, 97.0 +/- 1.2%; meronts, 2.0 +/- 0.9%; clusters of small, log-phase trophonts, i.e., merozoites, 1.0 +/- 0.5%. Levels of infection in hemocytes and Leydig tissue were representative of total parasite intensity. These techniques are a powerful tool to follow parasite distribution and invasion, and to further explore mechanisms of Perkinsus spp. pathogenesis in bivalves. C1 [Remacha-Trivino, Antonio; Gomez-Leon, Javier; Villamil, Luisa; Gomez-Chiarri, Marta] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Borsay-Horowitz, Doranne] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Dungan, Christopher] Cooperat Oxford Lab, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Gual-Arnau, Ximo] Univ Jaume, Dept Matemat, Castellon de La Plana 8029, Spain. RP Remacha-Trivino, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, 20A Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM tonirem@gmail.com RI Gual-Arnau, Ximo/M-6117-2013 OI Gual-Arnau, Ximo/0000-0001-6726-4463 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1645/GE-1148.1 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700018 PM 18372631 ER PT J AU El-Masri, HA Kenyon, EM AF El-Masri, Hisham A. Kenyon, Elaina M. TI Development of a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for inorganic arsenic and its mono- and di-methylated metabolites SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; human; PBPK; MMA; DMA ID PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; RAT-LIVER CYTOSOL; URINARY-EXCRETION; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; IN-VITRO; XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE; MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; MMA(V) REDUCTASE; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to estimate levels of arsenic and its metabolites in human tissues and urine after oral exposure to arsenate (A(s)V), arsenite ( As-III) or organoarsenical pesticides. The model consists of interconnected individual PBPK models for inorganic arsenic ( AsV and AsIII), monomethylarsenic acid (MMA(V)), and, dimethylarsenic acid (DMA(V)). Reduction of MMAV and DMAV to their respective trivalent forms also occurs in the lung, liver, and kidney including excretion in urine. Each submodel was constructed using flow limited compartments describing the mass balance of the chemicals in GI tract (lumen and tissue), lung, liver, kidney, muscle, skin, heart, and brain. The choice of tissues was based on physiochemical properties of the arsenicals (solubility), exposure routes, target tissues, and sites for metabolism. Metabolism of inorganic arsenic in liver was described as a series of reduction and oxidative methylation steps incorporating the inhibitory influence of metabolites on methylation. The inhibitory effects of As-III on the methylation of MMA(III) to DMA, and MMA(III) on the methylation of As-III to MMA were modeled as noncompetitive. To avoid the uncertainty inherent in estimation of many parameters from limited human data, a priori independent parameter estimates were derived using data from diverse experimental systems with priority given to data derived using human cells and tissues. This allowed the limited data for human excretion of arsenicals in urine to be used to estimate only parameters that were most sensitive to this type of data. Recently published urinary excretion data, not previously used in model development, are also used to evaluate model predictions. C1 [El-Masri, Hisham A.; Kenyon, Elaina M.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP El-Masri, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM el-masri.hisham@epa.gov NR 79 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1567-567X J9 J PHARMACOKINET PHAR JI J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10928-007-9075-z PG 38 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 274IK UT WOS:000253994800002 PM 17943421 ER PT J AU Moore, AB Flake, GP Swartz, CD Heartwell, G Cousins, D Hasernan, JK Kissling, GE Sidawy, MK Dixon, D AF Moore, Alicia B. Flake, Gordon P. Swartz, Carol D. Heartwell, Glenn Cousins, Deborah Hasernan, Joseph K. Kissling, Grace E. Sidawy, Mary K. Dixon, Darlene TI Association of race, age and body mass index with gross pathology of uterine fibroids SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE age; body mass index; fibroids; uterine; race ID UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; HYSTERECTOMY; LEIOMYOMATA; ESTROGEN; METABOLISM; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of race, age and body mass index (BMI) with the gross pathology parameters of uterine leiomyomas in premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Participants (N = 107) were recruited from surgical rosters of the George Washington University (GWU) Medical Center Gynecology Department as part of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Fibroid Study. Tumor data and patient demographics were obtained from clinical reports, pathology forms and interviews. RESULTS: Surgical cases consisted of 78% African Americans, 13% Caucasians and 9% others (non-African American, non-Caucasian or race unknown). This proportion of African Americans was significantly higher than the distribution of GWU health plan participants. Fibroids were localized predominantly within the intramural region. Subserosal tumors were more common in patients with more than 9 tumors. African Americans had the highest mean BMI and mean myomatous uterine weight. CONCLUSION: African Americans were the disproportionate majority coming to surgery for fibroids. The average BMI and uterine weight were greater in African Americans than in Caucasians, although these differences were marginal. Race did not influence the size, location or number of fibroids in these surgical cases. Subserosal tumors were more common in patients with more than 9 tumors. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Biostat Branch,Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CODA Res Inc, Durham, NC USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Dixon, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Expt Pathol, PO Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dixon@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 265FX UT WOS:000253345600003 PM 18357799 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Hopke, PK AF Solomon, Paul A. Hopke, Philip K. TI A special issue of JA&WMA supporting key scientific and policy- and health-relevant findings from EPA's particulate matter supersites program and related studies: An integration and synthesis of results SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID WASTE-MANAGEMENT-ASSOCIATION; ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES; 4TH COLLOQUIUM; TECHNOLOGY; EXPOSURE; PM; ENVIRONMENT C1 [Solomon, Paul A.] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, EPA, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, Ctr Air Resources Engn & Sci, Potsdam, Germany. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov RI Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008 OI Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 137 EP 139 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.2.137 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 260NT UT WOS:000253017700001 ER PT J AU Solomon, PA Sioutas, C AF Solomon, Paul A. Sioutas, Constantinos TI Continuous and semicontinuous monitoring techniques for particulate matter mass and chemical components: A synthesis of findings from EPA's particulate matter supersites program and related studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ELEMENT OSCILLATING MICROBALANCE; CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER; HOURLY AMBIENT AEROSOL; PITTSBURGH AIR-QUALITY; PM2.5 MASS; IN-SITU; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites Program to provide key stakeholders (government and private sector) with significantly improved information needed to develop effective and efficient strategies for reducing PM on urban and regional scales. All Supersites projects developed and evaluated methods and instruments, and significant advances have been made and applied within these programs to yield new insights to our understanding of PM accumulation in air as well as improved source-receptor relationships. The tested methods include a variety of continuous and semicontinuous instruments typically with a time resolution of an hour or less. These methods often overcome many of the limitations associated with measuring atmospheric PM mass concentrations by daily filter-based methods (e.g., potential positive or negative sampling artifacts). Semicontinuous coarse and ultrafine mass measurement methods also were developed and evaluated. Other semicontinuous monitors tested measured the major components of PM such as nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, organic and elemental carbon, trace elements, and water content of the aerosol as well as methods for other physical properties of PM, such as number concentration, size distribution, and particle density. Particle mass spectrometers, although unlikely to be used in national routine monitoring networks in the foreseeable future because of their complex technical requirements and cost, are mentioned here because of the wealth of new information they provide on the size-resolved chemical composition of atmospheric particles on a near continuous basis. Particle mass spectrometers likely represent the greatest advancement in PM measurement technology during the last decade. The improvements in time resolution achieved by the reported semicontinuous methods have proven to be especially useful in characterizing ambient PM, and are becoming essential in allowing scientists to investigate sources of particulate pollution and to probe into the dynamics and mechanisms of aerosol formation in the atmosphere. C1 [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Sioutas, Constantinos] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Solomon, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov NR 127 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 164 EP 195 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.2.164 PG 32 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 260NT UT WOS:000253017700003 ER PT J AU Fine, PM Sioutas, C Solomon, PA AF Fine, Philip M. Sioutas, Constantinos Solomon, Paul A. TI Secondary particulate matter in the United States: Insights from the particulate matter supersites program and related studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID PITTSBURGH AIR-QUALITY; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; RESOLVED CARBON FRACTIONS; SCIENCE-AND-TECHNOLOGY; 1999 ATLANTA SUPERSITE; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; NEW-YORK-CITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AMBIENT AEROSOL AB Secondary aerosols comprise a major fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in all parts of the country, during all seasons, and times of day. The most abundant secondary species include sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The relative abundance of each species varies in space and time as a function of meteorology, source emissions strength and type, thermodynamics, and atmospheric processing. Transport of secondary aerosols from upwind locations can contribute significantly at downwind receptor sites, especially regionally in the eastern United States, and across a given urbanized area, such as in Los Angeles. Processes governing the formation of the inorganic secondary species (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) are fairly well understood, although the occurrence of nucleation bursts initiated with the formation of ultrafine sulfuric acid particles observed regionally on clean days in the eastern United States was unexpected. Because of the complex nature of organic material in air, much is still to be learned about the sources, formation, and even spatial and temporal distributions of SOAs. For example, a considerable fraction of ambient organic PM is oxidized organic species, many of which still need to be identified, quantified, and their sources and formation mechanisms determined. Furthermore, significant uncertainty (approaching 50% or more) is associated with estimating the SOA fraction of organic material in air with current methods. This review summarizes the findings of the Supersites Program and related studies addressing secondary particulate matter (PM), including spatial and temporal variations of secondary PM and its precursor species, data and methods for determining the primary and secondary fractions of PM mass, and findings on the anthropogenic and natural fractions of secondary PM. C1 [Fine, Philip M.; Sioutas, Constantinos] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Solomon, Paul A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Fine, PM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, KAP-210,3620 S Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM pmfine@usc.edu NR 112 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 234 EP 253 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.2.234 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 260NT UT WOS:000253017700006 PM 18318339 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC AF Sidle, William C. TI Comparison of (85)kr and H-3 apparent ground-water ages for source water vulnerability in the Collyer River catchment, Maine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Kr-85; H-3; ground-water age; Maine ID POROUS-MEDIA; KR-85; DISPERSION; TRANSPORT; TIME; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; SCALE AB Apparent ground-water ages as determined by the noble gas isotope Kr-85 and the water isotope H-3 are compared. Refined gas extraction methodology at the wellhead permits efficient collection of Kr for Kr-85 isotope enrichment. Kr-85 isochrones elucidate areas of much younger ground-water ages than H-3. Declining H-3 activities in the catchment prevent its correlation with the youngest measured Kr-85 ages. Source water for most drinking water supplies in the Collyer River catchment is recharged within 40 years BP (2004). Mean-age (tau) transport modeling suggests uncertainty of ground-water ages is greatest in the central basin area. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00129.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 258CT UT WOS:000252846700002 ER PT J AU Kopits, E McConnell, V Walls, M AF Kopits, Elizabeth McConnell, Virginia Walls, Margaret TI Making markets for development rights work: What determines demand? SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERABLE DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS; SPATIAL-EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS; LAND; MODEL AB This paper estimates developers' demand for Transferable Development Rights (TDRs) in one of the few long-standing active TDR programs in the country, Calvert County, Maryland. We find that baseline zoning is a critical determinant of TDR use-demand is lower in the relatively high-density residential areas than in the low-density rural areas. Changes in baseline density limits have a larger effect on TDR use in rural areas than in residential and town center areas. We identify subdivision characteristics that arc, significant in explaining TDR use and discuss implications for other jurisdictions considering revisions to, or adoption of TDR programs. C1 Univ Maryland, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kopits, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 84 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273OS UT WOS:000253941700001 ER PT J AU Thornber, CS DiMilla, P Nixon, SW McKinney, RA AF Thornber, Carol S. DiMilla, Peter Nixon, Scott W. McKinney, Richard A. TI Natural and anthropogenic nitrogen uptake by bloom-forming macroalgae SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE nitrogen isotope ratio; Ulva; Gracilaria; eutrophication; narragansett bay ID NARRAGANSETT-BAY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ULVA-LACTUCA; NITRATE; AMMONIUM; EUTROPHICATION; GRADIENT; GROWTH AB The frequency and duration of macroalgal blooms have increased in many coastal waters over the past several decades. We used field surveys and laboratory culturing experiments to examine the nitrogen content and delta N-15 values of Ulva and Gracilaria, two bloom-forming algal genera in Narragansett Bay, RI (USA). The northern end of this bay is densely populated with large sewage treatment plant nitrogen inputs; the southern end is more lightly populated and opens to the Atlantic Ocean. Field-collected Ulva varied in 6 N-15 among sites, but with two exceptions had delta N-15 above 10 parts per thousand, reflecting a significant component of heavy anthropogenic N. This variation was not correlated with a north-south gradient. Both Ulva and Gracilaria cultured in water from across Narragansett Bay also had high signals (delta N-15 = similar to 14-17 parts per thousand and 8-12 parts per thousand, respectively). These results indicate that inputs of anthropogenic N can have far-reaching impacts throughout estuaries. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thornber, Carol S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [DiMilla, Peter; Nixon, Scott W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [McKinney, Richard A.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Thornber, CS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 100 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM thornber@uri.edu RI Thornber, Carol/B-5786-2014 OI Thornber, Carol/0000-0003-0034-1035 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.10.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275WC UT WOS:000254101900020 PM 18083201 ER PT J AU Romeis, J Bartsch, D Bigler, F Candolfi, MP Gielkens, MMC Hartley, SE Hellmich, RL Huesing, JE Jepson, PC Layton, R Quemada, H Raybould, A Rose, RI Schiemann, J Sears, MK Shelton, AM Sweet, J Vaituzis, Z Wolt, JD AF Romeis, Joerg Bartsch, Detlef Bigler, Franz Candolfi, Marco P. Gielkens, Marco M. C. Hartley, Susan E. Hellmich, Richard L. Huesing, Joseph E. Jepson, Paul C. Layton, Raymond Quemada, Hector Raybould, Alan Rose, Robyn I. Schiemann, Joachim Sears, Mark K. Shelton, Anthony M. Sweet, Jeremy Vaituzis, Zigfridas Wolt, Jeffrey D. TI Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; BT CORN POLLEN; MONARCH LARVAE; GM CROPS; MAIZE; ENVIRONMENT; LEPIDOPTERA; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; DANAIDAE AB An international initiative is developing a scientifically rigorous approach to evaluate the potential risks to nontarget arthropods (NTAs) posed by insect-resistant, genetically modified (IRGM) crops. It adapts the tiered approach to risk assessment that is used internationally within regulatory toxicology and environmental sciences. The approach focuses on the formulation and testing of clearly stated risk hypotheses, making maximum use of available data and using formal decision guidelines to progress between testing stages (or tiers). It is intended to provide guidance to regulatory agencies that are currently developing their own NTA risk assessment guidelines for IRGM crops and to help harmonize regulatory requirements between different countries and different regions of the world. C1 [Romeis, Joerg; Bigler, Franz] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bartsch, Detlef] Fed Off Consumer Protect & Food Safety BVL, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Candolfi, Marco P.] RCC Labs India Private Ltd, Hyderabad 500078, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Gielkens, Marco M. C.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Expertise Ctr Substances, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Hartley, Susan E.] Univ Sussex, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huesing, Joseph E.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Jepson, Paul C.] Oregon State Univ, Integrated Plant Protect Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jepson, Paul C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Layton, Raymond] DuPont Crop Genet, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Quemada, Hector] Calvin Coll, Dept Biol, Program Biosafety Syst, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. [Raybould, Alan] Syngenta Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berks, England. [Rose, Robyn I.] USDA, APHIS Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Schiemann, Joachim] Julius Kuehn Inst, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Biosafety Genetically Modified Palnts, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany. [Sears, Mark K.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Shelton, Anthony M.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Sweet, Jeremy] Green Willingham, Cambridge CB4 5JA, England. [Vaituzis, Zigfridas] US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Biosafety Inst Genetically Modified Agr Prod, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Romeis, J (reprint author), Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM joerg.romeis@art.admin.ch RI Jepson, Paul/E-8669-2011; Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013; Quemada, Hector/M-2848-2013 OI Jepson, Paul/0000-0003-3419-4715; NR 46 TC 219 Z9 258 U1 9 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1038/nbt1381 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 263BQ UT WOS:000253193000022 PM 18259178 ER PT J AU Coburn, CG Curras-Collazo, MC Kodavanti, PRS AF Coburn, Cary G. Curras-Collazo, Margarita C. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI In vitro effects of environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on calcium buffering mechanisms in rat brain SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurochemistry/38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Soc Neurochem, Amer Soc Neurochem DE calcium signaling; cortex; cerebellum; hippocampus; hypothalamus; intracellular signaling; neurotoxicity; persistent chemicals; polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; VASOPRESSIN RELEASE; FLAME RETARDANTS; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; ADULT MICE; SYNAPTOSOMES AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as additive flame-retardants and have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk. Developmental and long-term exposures to these chemicals may pose a human health risk, especially to children. We have previously demonstrated that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are structurally similar to PBDEs and cause neurotoxicity, perturb intracellular signaling events including calcium homeostasis and protein kinase C translocation, which are critical for neuronal function and development of the nervous system. The objective of the present study was to test whether environmentally relevant PBDE congeners 47 and 99 are also capable of disrupting Ca-2 (+) homeostasis. Calcium buffering was determined by measuring Ca-45(2) (+)-uptake by microsomes and mitochondria, isolated from adult male rat brain (frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus). Results show that PBDEs 47 and 99 inhibit both microsomal and mitochondrial Ca-45(2) (+)-uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of these congeners on Ca-45(2) (+) -uptake is similar in all four brain regions though the hypothalamus seems to be slightly more sensitive. Among the two preparations, the congeners inhibited Ca-45(2) (+)-uptake in mitochondria to a greater extent than in microsomes. These results indicate that PBDE 47 and PBDE 99 congeners perturb calcium signaling in rat brain in a manner similar to PCB congeners, suggesting a common mode of action of these persistent organic pollutants. C1 [Coburn, Cary G.; Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Curras-Collazo, Margarita C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Coburn, Cary G.; Curras-Collazo, Margarita C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 70 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 EI 1573-6903 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s11064-007-9430-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 254CO UT WOS:000252564200018 PM 17846885 ER PT J AU Euling, SY Herman-Giddens, ME Lee, PA Selevan, SG Juul, A Sorensen, TIA Dunkel, L Himes, JH Teilmann, G Swan, SH AF Euling, Susan Y. Herman-Giddens, Marcia E. Lee, Peter A. Selevan, Sherry G. Juul, Anders Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Dunkel, Leo Himes, John H. Teilmann, Grete Swan, Shanna H. TI Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: Panel findings SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE puberty; secular trends; puberty; menarche; Tanner stage; precocious puberty; growth and development ID SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HEALTH-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; TESTICULAR VOLUME; UNITED-STATES; SEMEN QUALITY; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES AB Whether children, especially girls, are entering and progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s has been debated. Secular trend analysis, based on available data, is limited by data comparability among studies in different populations, in different periods of time, and using different methods. As a result, conclusions from data comparisons have not been consistent. An expert panel was asked to evaluate the weight of evidence for whether the data, collected from 1940 to 1994, are sufficient to suggest or establish a secular trend in the timing of puberty markers in US boys or girls. A majority of the panelists agreed that data are sufficient to suggest a trend toward an earlier breast development onset and menarche in girls but not for other female pubertal markers. A minority of panelists concluded that the current data on girls' puberty timing for any marker are insufficient. Almost all panelists concluded, on the basis of few studies and reliability issues of some male puberty markers, that current data for boys are insufficient to evaluate secular trends in male pubertal development. The panel agreed that altered puberty timing should be considered an adverse effect, although the magnitude of change considered adverse was not assessed. The panel recommended (1) additional analyses of existing puberty-timing data to examine secular trends and trends in the temporal sequence of pubertal events; (2) the development of biomarkers for pubertal timing and methods to discriminate fat versus breast tissue, and (3) establishment of cohorts to examine pubertal markers longitudinally within the same individuals. C1 [Euling, Susan Y.; Selevan, Sherry G.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Herman-Giddens, Marcia E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lee, Peter A.] Penn State Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Hershey, PA USA. [Juul, Anders; Teilmann, Grete] Rigshosp, Univ Dept Growth & Reprod, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Inst Prevent Med, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dunkel, Leo] Univ Helsinki, Biomedicum, Hosp Children & Adolescents, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab Dis, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Himes, John H.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Swan, Shanna H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA. RP Euling, SY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM culing.susan@epa.gov RI Juul, Anders /F-5864-2013; OI Juul, Anders/0000-0002-0534-4350 NR 95 TC 235 Z9 244 U1 13 U2 29 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S172 EP S191 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1813D PG 20 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271MN UT WOS:000253792600002 PM 18245511 ER PT J AU Euling, SY Selevan, SG Pescovitz, OH Skakkebaek, NE AF Euling, Susan Y. Selevan, Sherry G. Pescovitz, Ora Hirsch Skakkebaek, Niels E. TI Role of environmental factors in the timing of puberty SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE puberty; precocious puberty; growth and development; endocrine disruptors; body fat; environmental health; public health; environmental exposure; environmental pollutants ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; US GIRLS; EDSTAC RECOMMENDATIONS; PREPUBERTAL EXPOSURES; MENARCHE; AGE; MATURATION AB Puberty-timing measures have historically been used as indicators of adequate nutrition and growth. More recently, these measures have been examined in relation to exposure to estrogenic or antiandrogenic agents, as well as other environmental factors. The scientific community has debated whether puberty timing is occurring earlier today than in the mid-1900s in the United States and, if so, whether environmental factors play a role; however, no one has asked a multidisciplinary panel to resolve this question. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert panel jointly sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and Serono Symposia International was convened to examine the evidence of a secular trend, identify potential environmental factors of concern, and identify research needs regarding environmental factors and puberty timing at "The Role of Environmental Factors on the Timing and Progression of Puberty" workshop. The majority of the panelists concluded that the girls' data are sufficient to suggest a secular trend toward earlier breast development onset and menarche from 1940 to 1994 but that the boys' data are insufficient to suggest a trend during this same period. The weight-of-the-evidence evaluation of human and animal studies suggest that endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly the estrogen mimics and antiandrogens, and body fat are important factors associated in altered puberty timing. A change in the timing of puberty markers was considered adverse from a public health perspective. The panel recommended research areas to further our understanding of the relationships among environmental factors, puberty-timing outcomes, and other reproductive and adult disease at the individual and population levels. C1 [Euling, Susan Y.; Selevan, Sherry G.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pescovitz, Ora Hirsch] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Skakkebaek, Niels E.] Rigshosp, Univ Dept Growth & Reprod, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Euling, SY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Mail Code 8623P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM euling.susan@epa.gov NR 40 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S167 EP S171 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1813C PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271MN UT WOS:000253792600001 PM 18245510 ER PT J AU Golub, MS Collman, GW Foster, PMD Kimmel, CA Meyts, ERD Reiter, EO Sharpe, RM Skakkebaek, NE Toppari, J AF Golub, Mari S. Collman, Gwen W. Foster, Paul M. D. Kimmel, Carole A. Meyts, Ewa Rajpert-De Reiter, Edward O. Sharpe, Richard M. Skakkebaek, Niels E. Toppari, Jorma TI Public health implications of altered puberty timing SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE puberty; precocious puberty; adrenarche; growth and development; breast cancer; testicular cancer; polycystic ovary; syndrome; infertility; behavioral symptoms; risk assessment ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; LEVEL LEAD TOXICITY; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; TESTICULAR CANCER; PREMATURE ADRENARCHE; SEXUAL-MATURATION; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS AB Changes in puberty timing have implications for the treatment of individual children, for the risk of later adult disease, and for chemical testing and risk assessment for the population. Children with early puberty are at a risk for accelerated skeletal maturation and short adult height, early sexual debut, potential sexual abuse, and psychosocial difficulties. Altered puberty timing is also of concern for the development of reproductive tract cancers later in life. For example, an early age of menarche is a risk factor for breast cancer. A low age at male puberty is associated with an increased risk for testicular cancer according to several, but not all, epidemiologic studies. Girls and, possibly, boys who exhibit premature adrenarche are at a higher risk for developing features of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in adulthood. Altered timing of puberty also has implications for behavioral disorders. For example, an early maturation is associated with a greater incidence of conduct and behavior disorders during adolescence. Finally, altered puberty timing is considered an adverse effect in reproductive toxicity risk assessment for chemicals. Recent US legislation has mandated improved chemical testing approaches for protecting children's health and screening for endocrine-disrupting agents, which has led to changes in the US Environmental Protection Agency's risk assessment and toxicity testing guidelines to include puberty-related assessments and to the validation of pubertal male and female rat assays for endocrine screening. C1 [Toppari, Jorma] Univ Turku, Dept Physiol, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. [Toppari, Jorma] Univ Turku, Dept Pediat, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. [Golub, Mari S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Golub, Mari S.] California Environm Protect Agcy, Sacramento, CA USA. [Collman, Gwen W.] Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Foster, Paul M. D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kimmel, Carole A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Skakkebaek, Niels E.] Rigshosp, Dept Growth & Reprod, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Reiter, Edward O.] Baystate Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Springfield, MA USA. [Sharpe, Richard M.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC, Human Reprod Sci Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Toppari, J (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Physiol, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. EM jorma.toppari@utu.fi RI Sharpe, Richard/D-2725-2013 OI Sharpe, Richard/0000-0003-1686-8085 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U127684422]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169] NR 146 TC 141 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S218 EP S230 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-1813G PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271MN UT WOS:000253792600005 PM 18245514 ER PT J AU Louis, GMB Gray, LE Marcus, M Ojeda, SR Pescovitz, OH Witchel, SF Sippell, W Abbott, DH Soto, A Tyl, RW Bourguignon, JP Skakkebaek, NE Swan, SH Golub, MS Wabitsch, M Toppari, J Euling, SY AF Louis, Germaine M. Buck Gray, L. Earl Marcus, Michele Ojeda, Sergio R. Pescovitz, Ora H. Witchel, Selma Feldman Sippell, Wolfgang Abbott, David H. Soto, Ana Tyl, Rochelle W. Bourguignon, Jean-Pierre Skakkebaek, Niels E. Swan, Shanna H. Golub, Mari S. Wabitsch, Martin Toppari, Jorma Euling, Susan Y. TI Environmental factors and puberty timing: Expert panel research needs SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE human puberty; puberty timing; breast development; menarche; pubic hair development; genital development; endocrine disruptors; body fat ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; FEMALE RHESUS-MONKEYS; DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BISPHENOL-A ALTERS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB Serono Symposia International convened an expert panel to review the impact of environmental influences on the regulation of pubertal onset and progression while identifying critical data gaps and future research priorities. An expert panel reviewed the literature on endocrine-disrupting chemicals, body size, and puberty. The panel concluded that available experimental animal and human data support a possible role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and body size in relation to alterations in pubertal onset and progression in boys and girls. Critical data gaps prioritized for future research initiatives include (1) etiologic research that focus on environmentally relevant levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and body size in relation to normal puberty as well as its variants, (2) exposure assessment of relevant endocrine-disrupting chemicals during critical windows of human development, and (3) basic research to identify the primary signal(s) for the onset of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-dependent/central puberty and gonadotropin-releasing hormone -independent/peripheral puberty. Prospective studies of couples who are planning pregnancies or pregnant women are needed to capture the continuum of exposures at critical windows while assessing a spectrum of pubertal markers as outcomes. Coupled with comparative species studies, such research may provide insight regarding the causal ordering of events that underlie pubertal onset and progression and their role in the pathway of adult-onset disease. C1 [Louis, Germaine M. Buck] NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Gray, L. Earl] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Marcus, Michele] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ojeda, Sergio R.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Neurosci, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Beaverton, OR USA. [Pescovitz, Ora H.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Dept Pediat & Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Witchel, Selma Feldman] Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Endocrinol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sippell, Wolfgang] Univ Kiel, Dept Pediat, Div Endocrinol, D-2300 Kiel, Germany. [Abbott, David H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Madison, WI USA. [Soto, Ana] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tyl, Rochelle W.] RTI Int, Ctr Life Sci & Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bourguignon, Jean-Pierre] Univ Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Skakkebaek, Niels E.] Rigshosp, Univ Dept Growth & Reprod, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Swan, Shanna H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA. [Golub, Mari S.] California Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA USA. [Wabitsch, Martin] Univ Ulm, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Ulm, Germany. [Toppari, Jorma] Univ Turku, Dept Physiol, Turku, Finland. [Toppari, Jorma] Univ Turku, Dept Pediat, Turku, Finland. [Euling, Susan Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Abbott, David H.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Natl Primate Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Louis, GMB (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM louisg@mail.nih.gov RI Marcus, Michele/J-2746-2015; OI Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 123 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 7 U2 23 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 121 SU S BP S192 EP S207 DI 10.1542/peds.1813E PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 271MN UT WOS:000253792600003 PM 18245512 ER PT J AU Hoffman, AM Mayer, SG Strobel, GA Hess, WM Sovocool, GW Grange, AH Harper, JK Arif, AM Grant, DM Kelley-Swift, EG AF Hoffman, Angela M. Mayer, Steven G. Strobel, Gary A. Hess, Wilford M. Sovocool, G. Wayne Grange, Andrew H. Harper, James K. Arif, Atta M. Grant, David M. Kelley-Swift, Elizabeth G. TI Purification, identification and activity of phomodione, a furandione from an endophytic Phoma species SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phoma; furandione; phomodione; usnic acid; cercosporamide; antibacterial; antifungal; NMR; mass spectrometry; X-ray crystallography ID SOLID-STATE NMR; USNIC ACID; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CERCOSPORIDIUM-HENNINGSII; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; LICHEN METABOLITES; CORRELATION-ENERGY; SPECTROSCOPY; CERCOSPORAMIDE; DISCOVERY AB Phomodione, [(4aS*,9bR*)-2,6-diacetyl-7-hydroxy-4a,9-dimethoxy-8,9b-dimethyl-4a.9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1,3(2H,4H)-dione], an usnic acid derivative, was isolated from culture broth of a Phoma species, discovered as an endophyte on a Guinea plant (Saurauia scaberrinae). It was identified using NMR, X-ray crystallography, high resolution mass spectrometry, as well as infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In addition to phomodione, usnic acid and cercosporamide, known compounds with antibiotic activity, were also found in the culture medium. Phomodione exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.6 mu g/mL against Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion assay, and was active against a representative oomycete, ascomycete and basidiomycete at between three and eight micrograms per mL. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoffman, Angela M.; Mayer, Steven G.] Univ Portland, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97203 USA. [Strobel, Gary A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hess, Wilford M.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Sovocool, G. Wayne; Grange, Andrew H.] ECB, ESD, NERL, ORD,US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Harper, James K.; Arif, Atta M.; Grant, David M.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Kelley-Swift, Elizabeth G.] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hoffman, AM (reprint author), Univ Portland, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97203 USA. EM hoffman@up.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 S10 RR17214-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01GM08521-42] NR 32 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2008 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.031 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 276NS UT WOS:000254149800026 PM 18070629 ER PT J AU Chernoff, N Rogers, EH Gage, MI Francis, BM AF Chernoff, N. Rogers, E. H. Gage, M. I. Francis, B. M. TI The relationship of maternal and fetal toxicity in developmental toxicology bioassays with notes on the biological significance of the "no observed adverse effect level" SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE LOAEL; NOAEL; hazard identification; risk assessment; developmental toxicity bioassay; fetal; rat; mouse; rabbit; teratology ID PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; FEED RESTRICTION; DUTCH FAMINE; MALFORMATIONS; RAT; ORGANOGENESIS; WEIGHT; RABBIT; MOUSE AB Standard developmental toxicology bioassays are designed to identify agents with the potential to induce adverse effects and include dose levels that induce maternal toxicity. The work reported here was undertaken to evaluate the relationship of maternal and fetal toxicity. It constitutes an analysis of 125 developmental toxicity bioassays in the mouse, rat, and rabbit conducted by the National Toxicology Program. Although varying by species, general findings include: (1) most lowest observable adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were determined by reduced maternal gestational weight gain or fetal weight at term. (2) Maternal weight reductions are associated with reduced food intake for a variety of dissimilar test agents. (3) Lower fetal weights were associated with reduced maternal weight gains late in gestation. (4) The degree of fetal weight reduction is correlated with the extent of the maternal weight loss. In a substantial number of the studies, reduced fetal weights at term may, therefore, be due to maternal undernutrition caused by general toxicity rather than direct developmental insult. Consequently, such test agents may be erroneously classified as primary developmental toxicants. Experimental approaches to test the hypothesis that maternal undernutrition in standard developmental toxicology bioassays may be responsible for significant term fetal weight decrements are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chernoff, N.; Rogers, E. H.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gage, M. I.] NCBA, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Francis, B. M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chernoff, N (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chernoff.neil@epa.gov NR 29 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.12.001 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 284RL UT WOS:000254723400007 PM 18242052 ER PT J AU Hazari, MS Rowan, WH Winsett, DW Ledbetter, AD Haykal-Coates, N Watkinson, WP Costa, DL AF Hazari, Mehdi S. Rowan, William H. Winsett, Darrell W. Ledbetter, Allen D. Haykal-Coates, Najwa Watkinson, William P. Costa, Daniel L. TI Potentiation of pulmonary reflex response to capsaicin 24 h following whole-body acrolein exposure is mediated by TRPV1 SO RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway chemoreflex; air pollutants; pulmonary c-fibers; apnea; sensitization; hyperresponsiveness ID RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS; RAT URINARY-BLADDER; INHALED WOOD SMOKE; OIL FLY-ASH; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; C-FIBERS; AIRBORNE CHEMICALS; ANESTHETIZED RATS; SUBSTANCE-P AB Pulmonary C-fibers are stimulated by irritant air pollutants producing apnea, bronchospasm, and decrease in HR. Chemoreflex responses resulting from C-fiber activation are sometimes mediated by TRPV1 and release of substance P. While acrolein has been shown to stimulate C-fibers, the persistence of acrolein effects and the role of C-fibers in these responses are unknown. These experiments were designed to determine the effects of whole-body acrolein exposure and pulmonary chemoreflex response post-acrolein. Rats were exposed to either air or 3 ppm acrolein for 3 h while ventilatory function and HR were measured; 1-day later response to capsaicin challenge was measured in anesthetized rats. Rats experienced apnea and decrease in HR upon exposure to acrolein, which was not affected by either TRPV1 antagonist or NK1R antagonist pretreatment. Twenty-four hours later, capsaicin caused apnea and bronchoconstriction in control rats, which was potentiated in rats exposed to acrolein. Pretreatment with TRPV1 antagonist or NK1R antagonist prevented potentiation of apneic response and bronchoconstriction 24 h post-exposure. These data suggest that although potentiation of pulmonary chemoreflex response 24 h post-acrolein is mediated by TRPV1 and release of substance P, cardiopulmonary inhibition during whole-body acrolein exposure is mediated through other mechanisms. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rowan, William H.; Winsett, Darrell W.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Watkinson, William P.; Costa, Daniel L.] US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hazari, Mehdi S.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hazari, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 109 Alexander Dr,B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hazari.mehdi@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32-ES07126] NR 65 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9048 J9 RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI JI Respir. Physiol. Neuro. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.resp.2007.09.003 PG 12 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 266LE UT WOS:000253435900005 PM 17950047 ER PT J AU Wuerthele, S AF Wuerthele, Suzanne TI Operation roadkill SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Denver, CO USA. RP Wuerthele, S (reprint author), US EPA, Denver, CO USA. EM wuerthele.suzanne@epa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253PN UT WOS:000252530200009 ER PT J AU Richardson, VM Staskal, DF Ross, DG Diliberto, JJ DeVito, MJ Bimbaum, LS AF Richardson, Vicki M. Staskal, Daniele F. Ross, David G. Diliberto, Janet J. DeVito, Michael J. Bimbaum, Linda S. TI Possible mechanisms of thyroid hormone disruption in mice by BDE 47, a major polybrominated diphenyl ether congener SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BDE 47; mice; thyroid hormone; cytochrome P450s; UGT; transporters ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; SERUM THYROXINE LEVEL; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; MONOCARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTER-8; BILIARY-EXCRETION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of polyhalogenated aromatic compounds commercially used as fire retardants in consumer products. These compounds have been shown to decrease thyroid hormone concentrations in rodents after acute exposures. This study examines the ability of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) to decrease circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and pairs this with BDE 47-induced effects on genes involved in thyroid hormone homeostasis. Female C57BL/6 mice (9 weeks old) were orally administered 3, 10, or 100 mg/kg/day of BDE 47 for 4 days. Animals were euthanized 24 h after the final dose (day 5) and liver, kidney, and serum were collected for analysis. BDE 47 caused a significant 43% decrease at 100 mg/kg/day in serum total thyroxine (T-4) concentrations. There was no increase in hepatic T-4-glucuronidation activity, but significant increases in hepatic Ugt1a1, Ugt1a7, and Ugt2b5 mRNA expression accompany significant decreases in T-4 concentrations at 100 mg/kg/day of BDE 47. Induction of PROD activity occurred at the lowest dose (3 mg/kg/day). Cyp2b10 mRNA expression also increased significantly at 10 and 100 mg/kg/day. These key findings show that BDE activates the nuclear receptor, CAR. Decreases in Mdr1a mRNA expression also occurred at the lowest dose administered (3 mg/kg/day BDE 47). BDE 47 exposure also decreased hepatic transthyretin and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) mRNA expression, suggesting that while induction of UGTs may be partly responsible for T-4 decreases, other mechanisms are also involved. No effects were seen in the kidney. We conclude that changes in hepatic UGTs and transporters may be involved in decreases in circulating T-4 following BDE 47 exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Richardson, Vicki M.; Ross, David G.; Diliberto, Janet J.; DeVito, Michael J.; Bimbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Staskal, Daniele F.] US EPA, UNC Curriculum Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Richardson, VM (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD 109 TW Alexander Dr MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richardson.vicki@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07126] NR 45 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 226 IS 3 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2007.09.015 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 260HU UT WOS:000253002200004 PM 17964624 ER PT J AU Martinez-Ghersa, MA Olszyk, D Radosevich, SR AF Martinez-Ghersa, M. A. Olszyk, D. Radosevich, S. R. TI Growth and yield responses of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to diclofop-methyl and ozone SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fitness; herbicide; resistance; stress; ozone ID ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; INDUCED RESISTANCE; AIR-POLLUTION; HERBICIDE; SELECTION; PLANTS; EVOLUTION; BIOTYPES; COSTS; L. AB We evaluated the combined effects of diclofop-methyl herbicide application and the air pollutant ozone (O-3) on diclofop-methyl-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). We conducted two experiments, one with a long vegetative growth period and the other with a short vegetative growth in late spring with seed production in summer. As expected, because of its phytotoxicity, the herbicide alone reduced total vegetative biomass, leaf area, tiller number and seed production at most sampling periods in susceptible plants for both experiments. However, it had variable effects on resistant plants, including a positive effect on seed production. Ozone alone delayed vegetative biomass accumulation and reduced leaf area and seed biomass in both experiments. However, the effects of O-3 on some parameters were altered by herbicide rate and/or biotype. Especially notable was a greater reduction in seed biomass because of O-3 in resistant than in susceptible plants with no herbicide. If these apparent differential responses to herbicide and O-3 stress of susceptible and resistant plants are confirmed and persist over time, evolutionary tradeoffs may occur. For example, the frequency of resistant plants in a population may be altered in response to interactions between herbicides and other anthropogenic stresses. C1 [Martinez-Ghersa, M. A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Depto Recursos Nat & Ambiente, IFEVA CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Olszyk, D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martinez-Ghersa, MA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Depto Recursos Nat & Ambiente, IFEVA CONICET, Av San Martin 4453,C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM martinez@agro.uba.ar NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 250WP UT WOS:000252332300008 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM Gudi, R Szkudlinska, A Rao, M Recio, L Kehl, M Kirby, PE Polzin, G Richter, PA AF DeMarini, David M. Gudi, Rarnadevi Szkudlinska, Anna Rao, Meena Recio, Leslie Kehl, Margaret Kirby, Paul E. Polzin, Gregory Richter, Patricia A. TI Genotoxicity of 10 cigarette smoke condensates in four test systems: Comparisons between assays and condensates SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cigarette smoke condensate; Salmonella; micronucleus; comet; chromosome aberrations ID TOBACCO PARTICULATE MATTER; IN-VITRO; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; WORKING GROUP; CARCINOGENS; EXPOSURE; CELLS; INDUCTION AB The particulate fraction of cigarette smoke, cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), is genotoxic in many short-term in vitro tests and is carcinogenic in rodents. However, no study has evaluated a series of CSCs prepared from a diverse set of cigarettes and produced with different smoking machine regimens in several short-term genotoxicity tests. Here we report on the genotoxicity of 10 CSCs prepared from commercial cigarettes that ranged from ultra-low tar per cigarette (<= 6.5 mg) to full flavor (>14.5 mg) as determined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) smoking regimen, a reference cigarette blended to be representative of a U.S. FTC-regimen low-tar cigarette, and experimental cigarettes constructed of single tobacco types. CSCs were tested in the presence of rat liver S9 in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay using frameshift strains TA98 and YG1041; in micronucleus and comet assays in L5178Y/Tk(+/-) 7.3.2C mouse lymphoma cells, and in CHO-K-1 cells for chromosome aberrations. All 10 CSCs were mutagenic in both strains of Salmonella, and the rank order of their mutagenic potencies was similar. Their mutagenic potencies in Salmonella spanned 7-fold when expressed as rev/mu g CSC but 158-fold when expressed as rev/mg nicotine; the range of genotoxic potencies of the CSCs in the other assays was similar regardless of how the data were expressed. All 10 CSCs induced micronuclei with a 3-fold range in their potency. All but one CSC induced DNA damage over a 20-fold range, and all but one CSC induced chromosome aberrations over a 4-fold range. There was no relation among the genotoxic potencies of the CSCs across the assays, and a qualitative advantage of the addition of the other assays to the Salmonella assay was not supported by our findings. Although consideration of nicotine levels may improve the relevance of the quantitative data obtained in the Salmonella and possibly comet assays, compensatory smoking habits and other factors may make the data from the assays used here have qualitative but not quantitative value in assessing risk of cigarette types and cigarette smoking to human health. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richter, Patricia A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [DeMarini, David M.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gudi, Rarnadevi; Szkudlinska, Anna; Rao, Meena] BioReliance, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Recio, Leslie; Kehl, Margaret] Integrated Syst Lab Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Kirby, Paul E.] SITEK Res Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Polzin, Gregory] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pirl@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 31 PY 2008 VL 650 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.09.006 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 261KT UT WOS:000253078200002 PM 18006367 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener and rapid access to bio-active heterocycles: one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 1,3,4-oxadiazole; 1,3,4-thiadiazole; nafion; P(4)S(10)/Al(2)O(3); solvent-free reaction; microwave irradiation ID POLYMER-SUPPORTED REAGENTS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; 2,5-DISUBSTITUTED 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLES; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; SOLID SUPERACIDS; NAFION-H; EFFICIENT; ACID; DERIVATIVES AB A novel one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles by condensation of acid hydrazide and triethyl orthoalkanates under microwave irradiations is reported. This green protocol was catalyzed efficiently by solid supported Nafion(R)NR50 and phosphorus pentasulfide in alumina (P(4)S(10)/Al(2)O(3)) with excellent yields. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 51 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.165 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 262TF UT WOS:000253170200034 ER PT J AU Kostich, MS Lazorchak, JM AF Kostich, Mitchell S. Lazorchak, James M. TI Risks to aquatic organisms posed by human pharmaceutical use SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical; wastewater; sewage; humans; fish; antibiotic resistance ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; FISH POPULATIONS; ALGAL TOXICITY; HUMAN HEALTH; ENVIRONMENT; DATABASE AB In order to help prioritize future research efforts within the US, risks associated with exposure to human prescription pharmaceutical residues in wastewater were estimated from marketing and pharmacological data. Masses of 371 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) dispensed in the US in 2004 were estimated from marketing data, and then divided by therapeutic dose rate to normalize for potency. Metabolic inactivation of the 50 most dispensed APIs was estimated from published data, and active metabolites were tabulated. Comparing maximum likely average wastewater concentrations of API-associated activity to exposure rates that produce therapeutic effects in humans suggests that the threat to healthy human adults from aquatic exposure is low, even when likely mixture effects are considered. Comparing predicted wastewater concentrations to human therapeutic plasma concentrations suggests that some APIs may be present at sufficient concentrations to affect organisms which eliminate them inefficiently. Comparing predicted antimicrobial concentrations to published minimum inhibitory concentrations suggests that antibacterial APIs in wastewater, but probably not antifungal APIs, may select for low-level antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomic distribution of molecular targets of the 50 most dispensed APIs suggests that potential effects of some APIs are likely restricted to vertebrates, while other APIs can probably affect many eukaryotic and prokaryotic clades. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kostich, Mitchell S.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kostich, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM kostich.mitchell@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 59 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 11 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 389 IS 2-3 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243WB UT WOS:000251826900015 PM 17936335 ER PT J AU Bernard, CE Berry, MR Wymer, LJ Melnyk, LJ AF Bernard, Craig E. Berry, Maurice R. Wymer, Larry J. Melnyk, Lisa Jo TI Sampling household surfaces for pesticide residues: Comparison between a Press Sampler and solvent-moistened wipes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pesticides; surface wipes; transfer efficiency; Press sampler ID POTENTIAL DERMAL TRANSFER; INDOOR FOGGER USE; INTERIM-REPORT; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; RESIDENCES AB A modified Press Sampler was evaluated to determine the efficiency of pesticide transfer from household surfaces to collection disks as compared to wiping with a solvent moistened gauze pad. Organophosphate (OP), pyrazole, and pyrethroid pesticides were applied to three hard flooring materials and carpet at two loading rates. Surfaces were dried and press sampled using C-18, 100% cotton or polyurethane foam (PUF) for either 2 or 10 min or wiped with isopropanol-moistened gauze pads. Transfer efficiencies (TE, %) were calculated as a fraction of surface loadings captured simultaneously on foil deposition coupons. The highest mean TEs (17-55%) for the Press Sampler were observed for OPs from hard surfaces to C18, considering both contact times. Cotton and PUF transferred 6-27% and 5-30% of OPs, respectively. Corresponding mean TEs for pyrazole and pyrethroid pesticides were only 3% (C-18), 2-3% (cotton) and 1-2% (PUF). Wipes of hard surfaces removed 84-97% of all pesticides while wipes of carpet removed 31-39%, much higher than transferred to any Press Sampler materials. The mean TEs suggested that the extent of pesticide residue transfer was affected by surface type, pesticide class, and sampling procedure. Wiping was more efficient than press sampling for pesticide surface residue measurements, particularly for loading rates typical of residences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bernard, Craig E.; Berry, Maurice R.; Wymer, Larry J.; Melnyk, Lisa Jo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Melnyk, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Melnyk.lisa@epa.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 25 PY 2008 VL 389 IS 2-3 BP 514 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.044 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243WB UT WOS:000251826900031 PM 17900665 ER PT J AU Nyman, PJ Diachenko, GW Perfetti, GA McNeal, TP Hiatt, MH Morehouse, KM AF Nyman, Patricia J. Diachenko, Gregory W. Perfetti, Gracia A. McNeal, Timothy P. Hiatt, Michael H. Morehouse, Kim M. TI Survey results of benzene in soft drinks and other beverages by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzene; beverages; headspace; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry AB Benzene, a carcinogen that can cause cancer in humans, may form at nanogram per gram levels in some beverages containing both benzoate salts and ascorbic or erythorbic acids. Through a series of reactions, a hydroxyl radical forms that can decarboxylate benzoate to form benzene. Elevated temperatures and light stimulate these reactions, while sugar and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can inhibit them. A headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the determination of benzene in beverages was developed and validated. The method was used to conduct a survey of 199 soft drinks and other beverages. The vast majority of beverages sampled contained either no detectable benzene or levels below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limit of 5 ng/g. Beverages found to contain 5 ng/g benzene or more were reformulated by the manufacturers. The amount of benzene found in the reformulated beverages ranged from none detected to 1.1 ng/g. C1 [Nyman, Patricia J.; Diachenko, Gregory W.; Perfetti, Gracia A.; McNeal, Timothy P.; Morehouse, Kim M.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hiatt, Michael H.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Nyman, PJ (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, HFS-706,5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Patricia.Nyman@fda.hhs.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1021/jf0724791 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 252GK UT WOS:000252434800041 PM 18072742 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, JG Richards, JH Crissman, KM Roggli, VL Piantadosi, CA Carraway, MS AF Ghio, Andrew J. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G. Richards, Judy H. Crissman, Kay M. Roggli, Victor L. Piantadosi, Claude A. Carraway, Martha Sue TI Iron homeostasis and oxidative stress in idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a case-control study SO RESPIRATORY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL LINING FLUID; LOWER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; SILICA INSTILLATION; LUNG; TRANSFERRIN; FERRITIN; INJURY; RAT; MACROPHAGES; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Lung injury caused by both inhaled dusts and infectious agents depends on increased availability of iron and metal-catalyzed oxidative stress. Because inhaled particles, such as silica, and certain infections can cause secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), we tested the hypothesis that idiopathic PAP is associated with an altered iron homeostasis in the human lung. Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 20) and patients with idiopathic PAP (n = 20) underwent bronchoalveolar lavage and measurements were made of total protein, iron, tranferrin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, and ferritin. Histochemical staining for iron and ferritin was done in the cell pellets from control subjects and PAP patients, and in lung specimens of patients without cardiopulmonary disease and with PAP. Lavage concentrations of urate, glutathione, and ascorbate were also measured as indices of oxidative stress. Results: Lavage concentrations of iron, transferrin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, and ferritin were significantly elevated in PAP patients relative to healthy volunteers. The cells of PAP patients had accumulated significant iron and ferritin, as well as considerable amounts of extracellular ferritin. Immunohistochemistry for ferritin in lung tissue revealed comparable amounts of this metal-storage protein in the lower respiratory tract of PAP patients both intracellularly and extracellularly. Lavage concentrations of ascorbate, glutathione, and urate were significantly lower in the lavage fluid of the PAP patients. Conclusion: Iron homeostasis is altered in the lungs of patients with idiopathic PAP, as large amounts of catalytically-active iron and low molecular weight anti-oxidant depletion are present. These findings suggest a metal-catalyzed oxidative stress in the maintenance of this disease. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G.; Richards, Judy H.; Crissman, Kay M.; Carraway, Martha Sue] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roggli, Victor L.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Piantadosi, Claude A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov; stonehuerner.jackie@epa.gov; richards.judy@epa.gov; crissman.kay@epa.gov; roggl002@mc.duke.edu; piant001@mc.duke.edu; carra001@mc.duke.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-9921 J9 RESP RES JI Respir. Res. PD JAN 23 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1465-9921-9-10 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 271OA UT WOS:000253796500001 PM 18215276 ER PT J AU Schoenfuss, HL Baftell, SE Bistodeau, TB Cediel, RA Grove, KJ Zintek, L Lee, KE Barber, LB AF Schoenfuss, H. L. Baftell, S. E. Bistodeau, T. B. Cediel, R. A. Grove, K. J. Zintek, L. Lee, K. E. Barber, L. B. TI Impairment of the reproductive potential of male fathead minnows by environmentally relevant exposures to 4-nonylphenolf SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonylphenol; fathead minnow; reproduction; aquatic pollution; wastewater effluent ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; P-NONYLPHENOL; WASTE-WATER; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; GOLDFISH AB The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (NP) has been detected in many human-impacted surface waters in North America. In this study, we examined the ability of NP to alter reproductive competence in male fathead minnows after a 28 day flow-through exposure in a range of environmentally relevant concentrations bracketing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity-based NP chronic exposure criterion of 6.1 mu g NP/L. Exposure to NP at and above the EPA chronic exposure criterion resulted in an induction of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) within 14 days. However, 7 days after the cessation of exposure, VTG concentrations had dropped more than 50% and few males expressed VTG above the detection threshold. All of the morphological endpoints, including gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, secondary sexual characters, and histopathology, were unaltered by all NP treatments. However, when NP-exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males for access to nest sites and females, most treatments altered the reproductive competence of exposed males. At lower NP concentrations, exposed males out-competed control males, possibly by being primed through the estrogenic NP exposure in a fashion similar to priming by pheromones released from female fathead minnows. At higher NP exposure concentrations, this priming effect was negated by the adverse effects of the exposure and control males out-competed treated males. Results of this study indicate the complexity of endocrine disrupting effects and the need for multiple analysis levels to assess the effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schoenfuss, H. L.; Baftell, S. E.; Bistodeau, T. B.; Cediel, R. A.; Grove, K. J.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Zintek, L.] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Lee, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Barber, L. B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 720 Fourth Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu NR 38 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.004 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 265FZ UT WOS:000253345800008 PM 18023888 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Thibodeaux, JR Eastvold, ML Ehresman, DJ Bjork, JA Froehlich, JW Lau, C Singh, RJ Wallace, KB Butenhoff, JL AF Chang, Shu-Ching Thibodeaux, Julie R. Eastvold, Mary L. Ehresman, David J. Bjork, James A. Froehlich, John W. Lau, Christopher Singh, Ravinder J. Wallace, Kendall B. Butenhoff, John L. TI Thyroid hormone status and pituitary function in adult rats given oral doses of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS); thyroid hormones; liver; I-125 ID MICROSOMAL-ENZYME INDUCERS; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; MALIC ENZYME; FREE-THYROXINE; MESSENGER-RNA; SULFONATE; SERUM; ACID; FLUOROCHEMICALS; ALPHA AB Introduction: Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is widely distributed and persistent in humans and wildlife. Prior toxicological studies have reported decreased total and free thyroid hormones in serum without a major compensatory rise in thyrotropin (TSH) or altered thyroid gland histology. Although these animals (rats, mice and monkeys) might have maintained an euthyroid state, the basis for hypothyroxinemia remained unclear. We undertook this study to investigate the causes for the PFOS-induced reduction of serum total thyroxine (TT4) in rats. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that exposure to PFOS may increase free thyroxine (FT4) in the rat serum due to the ability of PFOS to compete with thyroxine for binding proteins. The increase in FT4 would increase the availability of the thyroid hormone to peripheral tissues for utilization, metabolic conversation, and excretion. We also hypothesized that PFOS does not directly interfere with the regulatory functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in rats. Experiments: Three experimental designs were employed to test these hypotheses. (1) Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given a single oral dose of 15 mg potassium PFOS/kg body weight. At intervals of 2, 6, and 24 h thereafter, measurements were made for serum FT4, TT4, triiodothyronine (TT3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), thryrotropin (TSH), and PFOS concentrations, as well as liver PFOS concentrations, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) family mRNA transcripts, and malic enzyme (ME) mRNA transcripts and activity. (2) To provide evidence for increased uptake and metabolism of thyroxine (T4), I-125-T4 was given to male and female SD rats by intravenous injection, followed in 2 It by a single oral dose of 15 mg potassium PFOS/kg body weight. I-125 radioactivity was determined in urine and feces collected over a 24-h period and in serum and liver collected at 24 h. (3) To assess the potentials effect of PFOS on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, over an 8-day period, groups of male SD rats were given PFOS (3 mg/kg-d), propyl thiouracil (PTU, 10 mu g/mL in water), or PTU and PFOS in combination, with controls receiving 0.5% Tween((R)) 20 vehicle. On days 1, 3, 7, and 8, TT4, TT3, and TSH were monitored. On day 8, pituitaries were removed and placed in static culture for assessment of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-mediated release of TSH. Results: (1) PFOS transiently increased FT4 and decreased TSH within 6 h, with values returning to control levels by 24 h. TT4 was decreased by 55% over a 24-h period. TT3 and rT3 were decreased at 24 h to a lesser extent than TT4. ME mRNA transcripts were increased at 2 h and activity was increased at 24 h. UGT1A mRNA transcripts were increased at 2 and 6 h. (2) I-125 decreased in serum and liver relative to controls and consistent with a reduction in serum TT4. Concomitantly, I-125 activity was increased in urine and feces collected from PFOS-treated rats. (3) During the 8 days of dosing with PFOS, TSH was not elevated in male rats, while TT4 and TT3 were decreased. Pituitary response to TRH-mediated TSH release was not diminished after 8-daily oral doses of PFOS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that oral dosing in rats with PFOS results in transiently increased tissue availability of the thyroid hormones and turnover of T4 with a resulting reduction in serum TT4. PFOS does not induce a classical hypothyroid state under dosing conditions employed nor does it alter HPT activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Shu-Ching; Ehresman, David J.; Butenhoff, John L.] 3M Co, Dept Med, Ctr 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Thibodeaux, Julie R.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Eastvold, Mary L.; Singh, Ravinder J.] Mayo Clin Fdn, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN 55095 USA. [Bjork, James A.; Wallace, Kendall B.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Froehlich, John W.] Pace Anal Serv Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Chang, SC (reprint author), 3M Co, Dept Med, Ctr 3M, 220-06-W-08, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM s.chang@mmm.com; jthibode@med.unc.edu; mary.eastvold@mayo.edu; djeliresman@mmm.com; toxlab@d.umn.edu; jwfroehlich@ucdavis.edu; lau.chfistopher@epa.gov; singh.ravinder@mayo.edu; kwallace@d.umn.edu; jlbutenhoff@mmm.com NR 44 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 243 IS 3 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.014 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 260HS UT WOS:000253002000009 PM 18063289 ER PT J AU Mathur, R Yu, S Kang, D Schere, KL AF Mathur, Rohit Yu, Shaocai Kang, Daiwen Schere, Kenneth L. TI Assessment of the wintertime performance of developmental particulate matter forecasts with the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL; PREDICTIONS; PM2.5; MASS AB It is desirable for local air quality agencies to accurately forecast tropospheric PM2.5 concentrations to alert the sensitive population of the onset, severity, and duration of unhealthy air and to encourage the public and industry to reduce emissions-producing activities. Since elevated particulate matter concentrations are encountered throughout the year, the accurate forecast of the day-to-day variability in PM2.5 and constituent concentrations over annual cycles poses considerable challenges. In efforts to characterize forecast model performance during different seasons, PM2.5 forecast simulations with the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality system are compared with measurements from a variety of regional surface networks, with special emphasis on performance during the winter period. The analysis suggests that while the model can capture the average spatial trends and dynamic range in PM2.5 and constituent concentrations measured at individual sites, significant variability occurs on a day-to-day basis both in the measurements and the model predictions, which are generally not well correlated when paired both in space and time. Systematic overpredictions in regional PM2.5 forecasts during the cool season are noted through comparisons with measurements from different networks. The overpredictions are typically more pronounced at urban locations, with larger errors at the higher concentration range. Variability in aerosol sulfate concentrations were captured well, as well as the relative amounts of sulfur (IV) and sulfur (VI). The mix of carbon sources as represented by the ratio of organic to elemental carbon is captured well in the southeastern United States, but the total carbonaceous aerosol mass is underestimated. On average, during the wintertime the largest overpredictions among individual PM2.5 constituents were noted for the "other'' category which predominantly represents primary-emitted trace elements in the current model configuration. The systematic errors in model predictions of both total PM2.5 and its constituents during the winter period are found to arise from a combination of uncertainties in the magnitude and spatial and temporal allocation of primary PM2.5 emissions, current uncertainties in the estimation of chemical production pathways for secondary constituents (e. g., NO3-), and the representation of the impacts of boundary layer mixing on simulated concentrations, especially during nighttime conditions. C1 [Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Yu, Shaocai; Kang, Daiwen] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Mathur, R (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 NR 33 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D2 AR D02303 DI 10.1029/2007JD008580 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 254EF UT WOS:000252568500002 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Noble metal decoration and alignment of carbon nanotubes in carboxymethyl cellulose SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube alignment; carboxymethyl cellulose; coatings; microwave irradiation; nanocomposites ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOCOMPOSITES; RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM; CELL; ELECTRODES; BIOSENSORS; REDUCTION AB A facile microwave method (MW) is described that accomplishes alignment and decoration of noble metals on carbon nanotubes (CNT) wrapped with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Carbon nanotubes such as single- and multi-walled, and Buckminsterfullerene (C-60) are well dispersed using the sodium salt of CMC under sonication. Addition of respective noble metal salts then generates noble metal-decorated CNT composites at room temperature. However, aligned nanocomposites of CNTs could only be generated by exposing the above nanocomposites to MW irradiation. The CNT composites are characterized to MW irradiation. The CNT composites are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray mapping, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The general preparative procedure is versatile and provides a simple route to manufacturing useful metal-coated CNT nanocomposites. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 262 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1002/marc.200700616 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 256IN UT WOS:000252722000008 ER PT J AU Eldridge, PM Morse, JW AF Eldridge, Peter M. Morse, John W. TI Origins and temporal scales of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf: Importance of benthic and sub-pycnocline water metabolism SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE model; hypoxia; dead zone; nutrients; sediments; geochemistry; phytoplankton ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; DIAGENETIC MODEL; COASTAL WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEAD ZONE; SEDIMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN AB Hypoxic-to-anoxic conditions (2-0 mg O-2 l(-1)) Occur in the bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico on the Louisiana shelf west of the Mississippi river delta during late spring and summer where the rate of oxygen consumption exceeds its rate of input from physical transport plus photosynthetic generation. Although consumption of oxygen in the water column primarily via oxic respiration is an important process, the loss of oxygen at and near the seafloor may also be an important sink contributing to seasonal low oxygen conditions in the relatively shallow overlying waters in this region. Associated with the flux of oxygen into the sediments is the flux of nutrients out of the sediments from the remineralization of sedimentary organic matter via a number of possible electron acceptors. The nutrients that are released from the sediment can potentially stimulate further primary production. This can lead to generation of oxygen in the water column and production of organic matter, much of which can be transported to the seafloor where it again becomes a sink for oxygen. A non-steady-state data driven numeric benthic-pelagic model was developed to investigate the role of sediment and water-column metabolism in the development of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf The model simulations bare out the importance of sediment oxygen demand as the primary sink for oxygen at the beginning and end of a hypoxic event on the shelf, but once hypoxia has developed, the sediments, now isolated from the oxygen-rich surface waters, are driven into a more anoxic mode, becoming more dependent on sulfate and metal reduction. As a result, the bottom water near the pycnocline becomes the major sink for oxygen. Model simulations also suggest that there is a delay of several weeks between metabolite production (especially ammonium) and its efflux from the sediments. Thus the maximum sediment ammonium export occurs in September and October in time to fuel autumnal phytoplankton production, thereby continuing a biogeochemical cycle that expands the temporal and spatial scales of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Morse, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Eldridge, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Western Ecol Div, 2111 S E Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM eldridge.pete@cpa.gov NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.009 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 265AV UT WOS:000253332400003 ER PT J AU O'Campo, P Burke, JG Culhane, J Elo, IT Eyster, J Holzman, C Messer, LC Kaufman, JS Laraia, BA AF O'Campo, Patricia Burke, Jessica G. Culhane, Jennifer Elo, Irma T. Eyster, Janet Holzman, Claudia Messer, Lynne C. Kaufman, Jay S. Laraia, Barbara A. TI Neighborhood deprivation and preterm birth among non-Hispanic Black and White women in eight geographic areas in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; premature birth; residence characteristics; social class; social environment; United States ID MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS; RACIAL DISPARITIES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WEIGHT; OUTCOMES; CONTEXT; HEALTH; CERTIFICATES; DELIVERY AB Disparities in preterm birth by race and ethnic group have been demonstrated in the United States. Recent research has focused on the impact of neighborhood context on racial disparities in pregnancy outcomes. The authors utilized vital-record birth certificate data and US Census data from eight geographic areas in four states (Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) to examine the relation between neighborhood deprivation and preterm birth among non-Hispanic White and Black women. The years covered by the data varied by site and ranged from 1995 to 2001. Results were adjusted for maternal age and education, and specific attention was paid to racial and geographic differences in the relation between neighborhood deprivation and preterm birth. Preterm birth rates were higher for non-Hispanic Blacks (10.42-15.97%) than for non-Hispanic Whites (5.77-9.13%), and neighborhood deprivation index values varied substantially across the eight areas. A significant association was found between neighborhood deprivation and risk of preterm birth; for the first quintile of the deprivation index versus the fifth, the adjusted summary odds ratio was 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.41, 1.74) for non-Hispanic Whites and 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.23) for non-Hispanic Blacks. In this study, deprivation at the neighborhood level was significantly associated with increased risk of preterm birth among both non-Hispanic White women and non-Hispanic Black women. C1 [O'Campo, Patricia] St Michaels Hosp, Ctr Res Inner City Hlth, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. [O'Campo, Patricia] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [O'Campo, Patricia; Burke, Jessica G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Burke, Jessica G.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Commun Hlth Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Culhane, Jennifer] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Elo, Irma T.] Univ Penn, Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Sociol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Eyster, Janet; Holzman, Claudia] Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Messer, Lynne C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kaufman, Jay S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Laraia, Barbara A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Hlth & Community, Dept Med, Div Prevent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP O'Campo, P (reprint author), St Michaels Hosp, Ctr Res Inner City Hlth, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. EM pat.ocampo@utoronto.ca FU NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD047122] NR 42 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm277 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 253DF UT WOS:000252498200004 PM 17989062 ER PT J AU Jones, KR Corona, JP AF Jones, Kristin Rod Corona, Joel P. TI An ambient tax approach to invasive species SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; ambient tax; ballast water ID NONPOINT POLLUTION-CONTROL; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; INFORMATION; INCENTIVES; IMPERFECT AB Invasive species have become an issue of increasing concern in recent years. Invasive species are species that are not native to an area but are imported either intentionally or unintentionally and become established. A primary pathway for introduction is the ballast water of ships. Although not all imported species become invasive, those that do cause extensive damage to ecosystems and have been blamed for the endangerment of numerous native species. In many cases, release of non-native species can be prevented, either through open-ocean ballast water exchange, retention of ballast water, or other biosecurity measures. However, policies designed to encourage such actions face several specific challenges. The difficulty of linking an invasion to a specific vessel and of monitoring individual vessels' care makes using standard environmental liability plans difficult if not impossible. In this paper, we present an alternative policy option, that of an ambient tax. Building on the work of Segerson [Segerson, Kathleen, 1988. Uncertainty and incentives for nonpoint pollution control. journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 15: 87-98.], we show that an ambient tax can ensure socially optimal behavior in both the short-run and the long-run with minimal vessel specific information. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Kristin Rod] Hartwick Coll, Dept Econ, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Corona, Joel P.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, KR (reprint author), Hartwick Coll, Dept Econ, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. EM jonesk@hartwick.edu; corona.joel@epamail.epa.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.03.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 259CQ UT WOS:000252917100009 ER PT J AU MacMillan, DK Majerus, CR Laubscher, RD Shannon, JP AF MacMillan, Denise K. Majerus, Chelsea R. Laubscher, Randy D. Shannon, John P. TI A reproducible method for determination of nitrocellulose in soil SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE nitrocellulose; propellants; base hydrolysis; ion chromatography AB A reproducible analytical method for determination of nitrocellulose in soil is described. The new method provides the precision and accuracy needed for quantitation of nitrocellulose in soils to enable worker safety on contaminated sites. The method utilizes water and ethanol washes to remove co-contaminants, acetone extraction of nitrocellulose, and base hydrolysis of the extract to reduce nitrate groups. The hydrolysate is then neutralized and analyzed by ion chromatography for determination of free nitrate and nitrite. A variety of bases for hydrolysis and acids for neutralization were evaluated, with 5N sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide giving the most complete hydrolysis and interference-free neutralization, respectively. The concentration of nitrocellulose in the soil is calculated from the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite and the weight percentage of nitrogen content in nitrocellulose. The laboratory detection limit for the analysis is 10 mg/kg. The method acceptance range for recovery of nitrocellulose from control samples is 78-105%. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacMillan, Denise K.] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Majerus, Chelsea R.] Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68132 USA. [Laubscher, Randy D.; Shannon, John P.] SpecPro Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP MacMillan, DK (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop D305-02,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27511 USA. EM macmillan.denise@epa.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1031 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.08.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 261ER UT WOS:000253062400084 PM 18371744 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Greener and rapid access to bio-active heterocycles: room temperature synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines in aqueous medium SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pyrazoles; diazepines; polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA); aqueous medium ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; PRIMARY AMINES; IN-SITU; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITORS; KETONES; AZACYCLOALKANES; HYDRAZONES AB An expeditious room temperature synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines by condensation of hydrazines/hydrazides and diamines with various 1,3-diketones is described. This greener protocol was catalyzed by polystyrene supported sulfonic acid (PSSA) and proceeded efficiently in water in the absence of any organic solvent within 1-2 min. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 32 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.017 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 260JK UT WOS:000253006400046 ER PT J AU Larsen, BT Gutterman, DD Sato, A Toyama, K Campbell, WB Zeldin, DC Manthati, VL Falck, JR Miura, H AF Larsen, Brandon T. Gutterman, David D. Sato, Atsushi Toyama, Kazuyoshi Campbell, William B. Zeldin, Darryl C. Manthati, Vijay L. Falck, John R. Miura, Hiroto TI Hydrogen peroxide inhibits cytochrome P450 epoxygenases - Interaction between two endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor; hydrogen peroxide; epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; cytochrome P450; reactive oxygen species ID EPOXIDE HYDROLASE INHIBITION; CA2+-ACTIVATED K+ CHANNELS; HUMAN MESENTERIC-ARTERIES; HUMAN CORONARY ARTERIOLES; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; DEPENDENT HYPERPOLARIZATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES; MEDIATED RESPONSES AB The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both function as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) in the human coronary microcirculation. However, the relative importance of and potential interactions between these 2 vasodilators remain unexplored. We identified a novel inhibitory interaction between CYPs and H2O2 in human coronary arterioles, where EDHF-mediated vasodilatory mechanisms are prominent. Bradykinin induced vascular superoxide and H2O2 production in an endothelium-dependent manner and elicited a concentration-dependent dilation that was reduced by catalase but not by 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (EEZE), 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl) hexanoic acid, sulfaphenazole, or iberiotoxin. However, in the presence of catalase, an inhibitory effect of these compounds was unmasked. In a tandem-bioassay preparation, application of bradykinin to endothelium-intact donor vessels elicited dilation of downstream endothelium- denuded detectors that was partially inhibited by donor-applied catalase but not by detector-applied EEZE; however, EEZE significantly inhibited dilation in the presence of catalase. EET production by human recombinant CYP 2C9 and 2J2, 2 major epoxygenase isozymes expressed in human coronary arterioles, was directly inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion by H2O2 in vitro, as observed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); however, EETs were not directly sensitive to oxidative modification. H2O2 inhibited dilation to arachidonic acid but not to 11,12-EET. These findings suggest that an inhibitory interaction exists between 2 EDHFs in the human coronary microcirculation. CYP epoxygenases are directly inhibited by H2O2, and this interaction may modulate vascular EET bioavailability. C1 [Gutterman, David D.; Sato, Atsushi; Toyama, Kazuyoshi; Miura, Hiroto] Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr Cardiovasc, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Larsen, Brandon T.; Gutterman, David D.; Campbell, William B.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Gutterman, David D.] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA. [Zeldin, Darryl C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Manthati, Vijay L.; Falck, John R.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX USA. RP Miura, H (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr Cardiovasc, Dept Med, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM hmiura@mcw.edu OI Falck, John/0000-0002-9219-7845 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025034-13]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL80173, HL51055, HL68769, P01 HL068769, R01 HL051055, R01 HL080173, R01 HL080173-01A2, R01 HL080173-02]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK38266] NR 45 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.159129 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 249GX UT WOS:000252217400010 PM 17975109 ER PT J AU Aoyagi, S Archer, TK AF Aoyagi, Sayura Archer, Trevor K. TI Dynamics of coactivator recruitment and chromatin modifications during nuclear receptor mediated transcription SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear receptor; transcription; chromatin; coactivator; nucleosome ID IN-VIVO; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; STEROID-RECEPTORS; BINDING-SITES; COMPLEX; ACTIVATION; PROMOTER AB The mechanisms and interplay of coactivators that underlie transcription activation is a critical avenue of investigation in biology today. Using nuclear receptor (NR) mediated transcription activation as a model, the nature of coactivator recruitment and chromatin modifications has been found to be highly dynamic. Progress in understanding the kinetics and regulation of coactivator recruitment, and subsequent effects on transcriptional readout, has greatly improved our understanding of nuclear receptor mediated transcription, the subject of discussion in this 'At the Cutting Edge' review. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Aoyagi, Sayura; Archer, Trevor K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD D4-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999, Z01 ES071006-09] NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD JAN 2 PY 2008 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2007.08.016 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 249MI UT WOS:000252232200001 PM 17935877 ER PT B AU Hashmonay, RA Varma, RM Modrak, MT Kagann, RH Segall, RR Sullivan, PD AF Hashmonay, Ram A. Varma, Ravi M. Modrak, Mark T. Kagann, Robert H. Segall, Robin R. Sullivan, Patrick D. BE Kim, YJ Platt, U TI Radial plume mapping: A US EPA test method for area and fugitive source emission monitoring using optical remote sensing SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Advanced Environmental Monitoring CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY DE area fugitive emission sources; open-path fourier transform infrared (FTIR); open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS); optical remote sensing (ORS); radial plume mapping (RPM) ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; GASEOUS FLUXES AB This paper describes the recently developed United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) test method that provides the user with unique methodologies for characterizing gaseous emissions from non-point pollutant sources. The radial plume mapping (RPM) methodology uses an open-path, path-integrated optical remote sensing (PI-ORS) system in multiple beam configurations to directly identify emission "hot spots" and measure emission fluxes. The RPM methodology has been well developed, evaluated, demonstrated, and peer reviewed. Scanning the PI-ORS system in a horizontal plane (horizontal RPM) can be used to locate hot spots of fugitive emission at ground level, while scanning in a vertical plane downwind of the area source (vertical RPM), coupled with wind measurement, can be used to measure emission fluxes. Also, scanning along a line-of-sight such as an industrial fenceline (one-dimensional RPM) can be used to profile pollutant concentrations downwind from a fugitive source. In this paper, the EPA test method is discussed, with particular reference to the RPM methodology, its applicability, limitations, and validation. C1 [Hashmonay, Ram A.; Varma, Ravi M.; Modrak, Mark T.; Kagann, Robert H.] ARCADIS, 4915 Prospectus Dr Suite F, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Segall, Robin R.] Emission Measurement Ctr, Off Air Quality Planning & Standards, US Environ Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. [Sullivan, Patrick D.] A F Res Lab, A E F Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Hashmonay, RA (reprint author), ARCADIS, 4915 Prospectus Dr Suite F, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RI Varma, Ravi/A-9640-2009 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6363-3 PY 2008 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6364-0_2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BHA41 UT WOS:000251847700002 ER PT J AU McDow, SR Mazurek, MA Li, M Alter, L Graham, J Felton, HD McKenna, T Pietarinen, C Leston, A Bailey, S Tong Argao, SW AF McDow, Stephen R. Mazurek, Monica A. Li, Min Alter, Lee Graham, John Felton, H. Dirk McKenna, Thomas Pietarinen, Charles Leston, Alan Bailey, Steve Tong Argao, Sania W. TI Speciation and atmospheric abundance of organic compounds in PM2.5 from the New York City area. I. Sampling network, sampler evaluation, molecular level blank evaluation SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; NEW-JERSEY; SOURCE RECONCILIATIONS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; REGIONAL AEROSOL AB This study demonstrates an approach for evaluating a molecular level sampling and analysis protocol for organic marker compounds at the high picogram m(-3) (ppt) to low nanogram m(-3) (ppb) mass concentrations in urban and background receptor sites. The Speciation of Organics for Apportionment of PM(2.5) in the New York City Area (SOAP) project was conducted from May 2002 to May 2003 at four sites in New York City, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Its chief objectives were to expand the chemical characterization of organic compounds and to estimate the source contributions of carbonaceous fine particles at urban and background monitoring sites. Two major challenges were faced in order to successfully implement the SOAP sampling network. First, collection of adequate fine PM mass was necessary for successful quantitation of organic marker compounds. Second, sufficiently low blank levels were required for each marker compound for accurate identification and quantitation needed for source-receptor modeling. Initial field tests of representative samplers designed for sampling PM chemical species indicated insufficient sample mass collection, unless analytical sensitivity for organic markers could be greatly improved. Adequate PM mass was collected using a Tisch TE-1202 sampler that operated at a much higher flow rate (113 lpm). Preliminary field tests also revealed unacceptably high travel blank levels for n-alkanes and carboxylic acids. The mass of organic marker compounds observed on travel blank filters was reduced significantly by shipping filters in sealed filter holders. Further evaluation of the Tisch TE-1202 sampler also demonstrated the sampler was free of organic components and impactor grease upstream of the filter. These features also reduced the contribution of carbonaceous species to system blanks and therefore, to the total mass collected. As a result, blank levels for hopanes, PAHs, and dicarboxylic acids were below limits of detection (LOD), and n-alkanes (C25 to C32), n-alkanoic acids (C12, C14, C16, and C18), and phthalic acid exhibited acceptable low levels in all SOAP blanks ranging from 1 to 10 times the limit of detection for each compound class. Overall, adequate sample mass and sufficiently low blank levels were achieved successfully with the SOAP fine particle collection protocol. C1 [McDow, Stephen R.; Tong Argao, Sania W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mazurek, Monica A.; Li, Min] State Univ New Jersey, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Mazurek, Monica A.] State Univ New Jersey, Ctr Adv Infrastruct & Transportat, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Alter, Lee; Graham, John] NE State Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA USA. [Felton, H. Dirk] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. [McKenna, Thomas; Pietarinen, Charles] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Leston, Alan; Bailey, Steve] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Hartford, CT USA. [Bailey, Steve] Current Affiliat Air Qual Res & Logist, Lebanon, CT USA. RP McDow, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mcdow.stephen@epa.gov NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 50 EP 63 DI 10.1080/02786820701787936 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 262QX UT WOS:000253164200006 ER PT J AU Rosati, JA Thornburg, J Rodes, C AF Rosati, Jacky A. Thornburg, Jonathan Rodes, Charles TI Resuspension of particulate matter from carpet due to human activity SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; NEW-ORLEANS; EXPOSURE; FINE; PARTICLES; ENVIRONMENT; MORTALITY; SOILS; LEAD; PESTICIDES AB This work investigated the resuspension and subsequent translocation of particulate matter (PM) from carpeted flooring surfaces due to walking. In addition, the effect of HVAC systems and ceiling fans on mixing and/or translocation of resuspended PM was studied. Testing took place both in a residence with a well-worn, soiled carpet and in an environmental test chamber. Prescribed walking occurred with PM measurements taken at multiple sampling heights. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of carpet fibers was used to determine the fraction of dust available for resuspension. These data, in conjunction with resuspended mass concentrations from this study, were used to generate emission factors by particle size for walking on both new and worn carpet. Carpet loading does not affect the emission factor, indicating that the amount of resuspended PM is directly proportional to the available PM in the carpet. While relative humidity (RH) plays an important role in resuspension from new carpets, with high RH enhancing resuspension, it has the opposite affect with old carpets, with increased RH decreasing resuspension. With the HVAC system on, translocated particles 1.2 m horizontally from the source had number concentrations of approximately 20-40% of those at the source. With a ceiling fan on, extensive mixing was noted with little difference seen in particle resuspension by height. With the ceiling fan off, there was very little mixing present and particle size varied substantially by height. C1 [Rosati, Jacky A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Thornburg, Jonathan; Rodes, Charles] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rosati, JA (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rosati.jacky@epa.gov NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 472 EP 482 DI 10.1080/02786820802187069 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 318KZ UT WOS:000257091800007 ER PT S AU Davidson, P Schere, K Draxler, R Kondragunta, S Wayland, RA Meagher, JF Mathur, R AF Davidson, Paula Schere, Kenneth Draxler, Roland Kondragunta, Shobha Wayland, Richard A. Meagher, James F. Mathur, Rohit BE Borrego, C Miranda, AI TI Toward a US national air quality forecast capability: Current and planned capabilities SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro DE air quality forecasts; O-3 forecasts; smoke forecasts; PM2.5 prediction ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; OZONE AB In partnership with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has deployed the initial stages of a national air quality forecast capability into the National Weather Service operational suite. Current capabilities provide next-day, hour-by-hour, 12-km for the Eastern U.S. and km resolution predictions of (1) ground-level ozone (O-3) (2) smoke for the lower 48 states. These are generated twice daily by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction with linked weather and air quality models: the NOAA-EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality model driven by NOAA's operational North American mesoscale weather prediction model. Forecast accuracy is verified with O-3 observations compiled by EPA and with satellite-derived smoke observations. Future operational capabilities for nationwide O-3 forecasts are targetted within three years, to be followed by quantitative particulate matter forecasts, and extended forecast periods. Expansion will proceed as rapidly as resources and achievement of required test accuracy permit. C1 [Davidson, Paula] NOAA, NWS, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Atomospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davidson, P (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paula.davidson@noaa.gov; mathur.rohit@epa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8452-2; 978-1-4020-8451-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 226 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8453-9_25 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BIB21 UT WOS:000258072800025 ER PT S AU Duvall, RM Norris, GA Burke, JM Mcgee, JK Gilmour, MI Devlin, RB AF Duvall, Rachelle M. Norris, Gary A. Burke, Janet M. Mcgee, John K. Gilmour, M. Ian Devlin, Robert B. BE Borrego, C Miranda, AI TI Source apportionment of particulate matter in the US and associations with in vitro and in vivo lung inflammatory markers SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro AB Associations are well established between particulate matter (PM) and increased human mortality and morbidity. Fine particulate matter (particle diameter < 2.5 mu m) is most strongly linked to adverse health impacts. The toxicity of PM may depend on the PM source and composition which will vary by location. While a number of epidemiological studies have shown that certain PM sources are associated with specific health outcomes, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, continuous weekly PM2.5 samples were collected for four consecutive weeks (24 hours a day for seven days) in six cities across the U.S. as part of the Multiple Air Pollutant Study (MAPS). C1 [Duvall, Rachelle M.; Norris, Gary A.; Burke, Janet M.; Mcgee, John K.; Gilmour, M. Ian; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Duvall, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM duvall.rachelle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8452-2; 978-1-4020-8451-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 721 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8453-9_104 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BIB21 UT WOS:000258072800104 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Hiller-Sturmhofel, S Faustman, EM AF Gohlke, Julia M. Hiller-Sturmhoefel, Susanne Faustman, Elaine M. TI A systems-based computational model of alcohol's toxic effects on brain development SO ALCOHOL RESEARCH & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE maternal alcohol exposure; prenatal alcohol exposure; fetal alcohol effects; fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND); neocortex; neurogenesis; synaptogenesis; apoptosis; computational model; animal model; animal studies; human studies; systems biology ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; NEOCORTICAL NEURONOGENESIS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; DEVELOPING MOUSE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; ETHANOL; RAT; DEATH; NEURONS; INHIBITION AB Important stages during neurodevelopment include the generation of new nerve cells (i.e., neurogenesis), differentiation and migration of these cells to their final location in the brain, formation of connections with neighboring cells (i.e., synaptogenesis), and cell death of neurons that fail to form the appropriate connections. Research found that alcohol exposure during fetal development can interfere with all of these processes. A systems biology approach using computational models of brain development in different species has been used to determine the relative contributions of alcohol-induced impairment of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis to alcohol-related neurodevelopmental deficits in mice, rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans. The results obtained with these models suggest that alcohol's impact on cell division during neurogenesis results in greater deficits in neuron numbers in the adult than the alcohol-induced increase in cell death during synaptogenesis. In primates, the accelerated development of susceptible brain regions may convey increased sensitivity to alcohol-induced neurodevelopmental deficits. Systems-based approaches, such as the computational models described here, can help to translate research findings obtained at a molecular or cellular level in different species into assessment of risk associated with alcohol exposure during human development. C1 [Gohlke, Julia M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gohlke, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ALCOHOL ABUSE ALCOHOLISM PI ROCKVILLE PA 6000 EXECUTIVE BLVD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20892-7003 USA SN 1535-7414 J9 ALCOHOL RES HEALTH JI Alcohol Res. Health PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 326LH UT WOS:000257660100009 PM 23584754 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Escamilla-Nunez, C Barraza-Villarreal, A Hernandez-Cadena, L Diaz-Sanchez, D Del Rio-Navarro, B AF Romieu, I Escamilla-Nunez, C. Barraza-Villarreal, A. Hernandez-Cadena, L. Diaz-Sanchez, D. Del Rio-Navarro, B. TI Fruits and vegetable intake and exposure to air pollutants in asthmatic children resident of Mexico City SO ALLERGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergology-and-Clinical-Immunology CY JUN 07-11, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European Acad Allergol & Clin Immunol C1 [Romieu, I; Escamilla-Nunez, C.; Barraza-Villarreal, A.; Hernandez-Cadena, L.] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Diaz-Sanchez, D.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Washington, NC USA. [Del Rio-Navarro, B.] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-4538 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PY 2008 VL 63 SU 88 MA 1479 BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 306GF UT WOS:000256235601458 ER PT J AU Chen, H O'Reilly, EJ Schwarzschild, MA Ascherio, A AF Chen, Honglei O'Reilly, Eilis J. Schwarzschild, Michael A. Ascherio, Alberto TI Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and risk of Parkinson's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological markers; C-reactive protein; inflammation; interleukin-6; odds ratio; Parkinson disease; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; URIC-ACID LEVELS; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; TNF-ALPHA; MEN; PLASMA; WOMEN; MICE; IL-6; MICROGLIA AB Experimental and postmortem evidence indicates a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The authors prospectively examined whether plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers assessed before Parkinson's disease diagnosis were predictive of future risk of the disease in a nested case-control study in the United States (1993-2002), including 84 incident cases and 165 matched controls. Blood was collected from patients on average 4.3 years before the diagnosis. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher level of interleukin-6 was associated with a greater risk of Parkinson's disease. Compared with the lowest quintile, the odds ratios were 1.5 for the second, 1.6 for the third, 2.7 for the fourth, and 3.4 for the fifth quintiles (p for trend = 0.03). In contrast, concentrations of other inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors were not related to the risk. These data suggest that men with high plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, this finding should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size and the lack of associations with other biomarkers of inflammation. C1 [O'Reilly, Eilis J.; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chen, Honglei] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Schwarzschild, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Ascherio, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu OI Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS048517] NR 29 TC 119 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm260 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 244KF UT WOS:000251864100014 PM 17890755 ER PT J AU Cizdziel, JV Ketterer, ME Farmer, D Faller, SH Hodge, VF AF Cizdziel, James V. Ketterer, Michael E. Farmer, Dennis Faller, Scott H. Hodge, Vernon F. TI Pu-239,Pu-240,Pu-241 fingerprinting of plutonium in western US soils using ICPMS: solution and laser ablation measurements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE plutonium isotopes; laser ablation; ICPMS; Nevada Test Site; stratospheric fallout; attic dust ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; NEVADA TEST-SITE; ATTIC DUST; MS; PU-240/PU-239; RATIOS; ENVIRONMENT; SAMPLES; POLAND AB Sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) has been used with analysis of solution samples and laser ablation (LA) of electrodeposited alpha sources to characterize plutonium activities and atom ratios prevalent in the western USA. A large set of surface soils and attic dusts were previously collected from many locations in the states of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and Colorado; specific samples were analyzed herein to characterize the relative contributions of stratospheric fallout vs. Nevada Test Site (NTS) plutonium. This study illustrates two different ICPMS-based analytical strategies that are successful in fingerprinting Pu in environmental soils and dusts. Two specific datasets have been generated: (1) soils are leached with HNO3-HCl, converted into electrodeposited alpha sources, counted by alpha spectrometry, then re-analyzed using laser ablation SF-ICPMS; (2) samples are completely dissolved by treatment with HNO3-HF-H3BO3, Pu fractions are prepared by extraction chromatography, and analyzed by SF-ICPMS. Optimal laser ablation and ICPMS conditions were determined for the re-analysis of archived alpha spectrometry "planchette" sources. The best ablation results were obtained using a large spot size (200 mu m), a defocused beam, full repetition rate (20 Hz) and scan rate (200 mu m s(-1)); LA-ICPMS data were collected with a rapid electrostatic sector scanning experiment. Less than 10% of the electroplated surface area is consumed in the LA-ICPMS analysis, which would allow for multiple re-analyses. Excellent agreement was found between Pu239+240 activities determined by LA-ICPMS vs. activity results obtained by alpha spectrometry for the same samples ten years earlier. LA-ICPMS atom ratios for Pu-240/Pu-239 and Pu-241/Pu-239 range from 0.038-0.132 and 0.00034-0.00168, respectively, and plot along a two-component mixing line (Pu-241/Pu-239=0.013 [Pu-240/Pu-239] - 0.0001; r(2) = 0.971) with NTS and global fallout end-members. A rapid total dissolution procedure, followed by extraction chromatography and SF-ICPMS solution Pu analysis, generates excellent agreement with certified Pu239+240 activities for standard reference materials NIST 4350b, NIST 4353, NIST 4357, and IAEA 385. Pu239+240 activities and atom ratios determined by total dissolution reveal isotopic information in agreement with the LA-ICPMS dataset regarding the ubiquitous mixing of NTS and stratospheric fallout Pu sources in the regional environment. For several specific samples, the total dissolution method reveals that Pu is incompletely recovered by simpler HNO3-HCl leaching procedures, since some of the Pu originating from the NTS is contained in refractory siliceous particles. C1 [Cizdziel, James V.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Ketterer, Michael E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Farmer, Dennis] Univ Nevada, Dept Hlth Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Faller, Scott H.] US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Hodge, Vernon F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Cizdziel, JV (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM cizdziej@unlv.nevada.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1741-x PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 248QW UT WOS:000252170400011 PM 18049814 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Garcia, CD Rogers, KR AF Ding, Yongsheng Garcia, Carlos D. Rogers, Kim R. TI Poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for measurement of chemical warfare agent degradation products SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chemical warfare agent degradation products; alkyl methylphosphonic acids; microchip capillary electrophoresis; contactless conductivity detection; poly(dimethylsiloxane) ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE NERVE AGENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; ALKYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; MICROBIAL BIOSENSOR; SEPARATION AB The applicability of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device with contactless conductivity detection for the determination of organophosphonate nerve agent degradation products is reported. Five alkyl methylphosphonic acids, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA), pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (PMPA), O-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl phosphoramidate (EDPA), ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), and methylphosphonic acid (MPA), (degradation products of Sarin, Soman, Tuban and VX nerve agents) were analyzed by microchip capillary electrophoresis. Experimental conditions for the separation and detection processes have been optimized to yield well-defined separation and high sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, analyses were completed in less than 2min. Linear relations between concentration and peak heights were obtained with detection limits in the 1.3-4.5mg/l range and precision values for the peak heights were in the range of 3.4-6.1% RSD. Applicability of this method for natural (lake and tap) water samples was also demonstrated. Compared to conventional analytical methods, this miniaturized system offers promise for on-site monitoring of degradation products of chemical warfare agents, with advantages of cost effective construction, simple operation, portability, and minimum sample consumption. C1 [Ding, Yongsheng; Rogers, Kim R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Garcia, Carlos D.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov RI Garcia, Carlos/A-8681-2008 OI Garcia, Carlos/0000-0002-7583-5585 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1080/00032710701792943 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 261MX UT WOS:000253084700012 ER PT J AU Ge, Z Liu, PC AF Ge, Z. Liu, P. C. TI Long-term wave growth and its linear and nonlinear interactions with wind fluctuations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE oceanography : physical; air-sea interactions; surface waves and tides ID ENERGY TRANSFER; SEA-FLOOR; GENERATION; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB Following Ge and Liu (2007), the simultaneously recorded time series of wave elevation and wind velocity are examined for long-term (on Lavrenov's tau(4)-scale or 3 to 6 h) linear and nonlinear interactions between the wind fluctuations and the wave field. Over such long times the detected interaction patterns should reveal general characteristics for the wave growth process. The time series are divided into three episodes, each approximately 1.33 h long, to represent three sequential stages of wave growth. The classic Fourier-domain spectral and bispectral analyses are used to identify the linear and quadratic interactions between the waves and the wind fluctuations as well as between different components of the wave field. The results show clearly that as the wave field grows the linear interaction becomes enhanced and covers wider range of frequencies. Two different wave-induced components of the wind fluctuations are identified. These components, one at around 0.4 Hz and the other at around 0.15 to 0.2 Hz, are generated and supported by both linear and quadratic wind-wave interactions probably through the distortions of the waves to the wind field. The fact that the higher-frequency wave-induced component always stays with the equilibrium range of the wave spectrum around 0.4 Hz and the lower-frequency one tends to move with the downshifting of the primary peak of the wave spectrum defines the partition of the primary peak and the equilibrium range of the wave spectrum, a characteristic that could not be revealed by short-time wavelet-based analyses in Ge and Liu (2007). Furthermore, these two wave-induced peaks of the wind spectrum appear to have different patterns of feedback to the wave field. The quadratic wave-wave interactions also are assessed using the auto-bispectrum and are found to be especially active during the first and the third episodes. Such directly detected wind-wave interactions, both linear and nonlinear, may complement the existing theoretical and numerical models, and can be used for future model development and validation. C1 [Ge, Z.] US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Liu, P. C.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ge.zhongfu@epa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 747 EP 758 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315AH UT WOS:000256849800003 ER PT J AU Ge, Z AF Ge, Z. TI Significance tests for the wavelet cross spectrum and wavelet linear coherence SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Oceanography: physical; Air-sea interactions; Surface waves and tides; General or miscellaneous; Techniques applicable in three or more fields ID PRODUCT; GROWTH AB This work attempts to develop significance tests for the wavelet cross spectrum and the wavelet linear coherence as a follow-up study on Ge (2007). Conventional approaches that are used by Torrence and Compo (1998) based on stationary background noise time series were used here in estimating the sampling distributions of the wavelet cross spectrum and the wavelet linear coherence. The sampling distributions are then used for establishing significance levels for these two wavelet-based quantities. In addition to these two wavelet quantities, properties of the phase angle of the wavelet cross spectrum of, or the phase difference between, two Gaussian white noise series are discussed. It is found that the tangent of the principal part of the phase angle approximately has a standard Cauchy distribution and the phase angle is uniformly distributed, which makes it impossible to establish significance levels for the phase angle. The simulated signals clearly show that, when there is no linear relation between the two analysed signals, the phase angle disperses into the entire range of [-pi, pi] with fairly high probabilities for values close to +/-pi to occur. Conversely, when linear relations are present, the phase angle of the wavelet cross spectrum settles around an associated value with considerably reduced fluctuations. When two signals are linearly coupled, their wavelet linear coherence will attain values close to one. The significance test of the wavelet linear coherence can therefore be used to complement the inspection of the phase angle of the wavelet cross spectrum. The developed significance tests are also applied to actual data sets, simultaneously recorded wind speed and wave elevation series measured from a NOAA buoy on Lake Michigan. Significance levels of the wavelet cross spectrum and the wavelet linear coherence between the winds and the waves reasonably separated meaningful peaks from those generated by randomness in the data set. As with simulated signals, nearly constant phase angles of the wavelet cross spectrum are found to coincide with large values in the wavelet linear coherence between the winds and the waves. Not limited to geophysics, the significance tests developed in the present work can also be applied to many other quantitative studies using the continuous wavelet transform. C1 US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM gezhfu@yahoo.com FU Ecosystems Research Division of the USEPA (NERL); Research Associateship Programs of the National Research Council FX The author wishes to thank the Ecosystems Research Division of the USEPA (NERL) and the Research Associateship Programs of the National Research Council for their resources and financial support. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 12 BP 3819 EP 3829 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YN UT WOS:000262412500015 ER PT J AU Benigni, R Bossa, C Richard, AM Yang, CH AF Benigni, Romualdo Bossa, Cecilia Richard, Ann M. Yang, Chihae TI A novel approach: chemical relational databases, and the role of the ISSCAN database on assessing chemical carcinogenicity SO ANNALI DELL ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA LA English DT Article DE database; mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; chemical structure AB Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity databases are crucial resources for toxicologists and regulators involved in chemicals risk assessment. Until recently, existing public toxicity databases have been constructed primarily as "look-up-tables" of existing data, and most often did not contain chemical structures. Concepts and technologies originated from the structure-activity relationships science have provided powerful tools to create new types of databases, where the effective linkage of chemical toxicity with chemical structure can facilitate and greatly enhance data gathering and hypothesis generation, by permitting: a) exploration across both chemical and biological domains; and b) structure-searchability through the data. This paper reviews the main public databases, together with the progress in the field of chemical relational databases, and presents the ISSCAN database on experimental chemical carcinogens. C1 [Benigni, Romualdo; Bossa, Cecilia] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Ambiente & Connessa Prevenz Primaria, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Richard, Ann M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yang, Chihae] LeadScope Inc, Columbus, OH USA. RP Benigni, R (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Ambiente & Connessa Prevenz Primaria, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM romualdo.benigni@iss.it RI Bossa, Cecilia/K-4454-2016 OI Bossa, Cecilia/0000-0003-2084-2902 FU EU [037017] FX This work was partially granted by the EU FP6 Contract n. 037017 OSIRIS "Optimized strategies for risk assessment of industrial chemicals through Integration of non-test and test information" NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU IST POLIGRAFICO ZECCA STATO PI ROMA PA PIAZZA VERDI 10, ROMA, 00198, ITALY SN 0021-2571 J9 ANN I SUPER SANITA JI Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V15OY UT WOS:000207812500009 PM 18469376 ER PT J AU Liem, FE Lehr, MJ AF Liem, Francisca E. Lehr, Mark J. TI Future issues including broadening the scope of the GLP principles SO ANNALI DELL ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA LA English DT Article DE good laboratory practice; mutual acceptance of data; global economy AB When the principles of good laboratory practice (GLP) were drafted in 1982 by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) the electronic era was in its infant stages and many of the issues surrounding what may affect the environment and human health was not expected. Today, advances in technology for capturing and recording data for the reconstruction of a study are available and are being developed operating at speeds which could not have been known or understood in years past. Since that time, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has required the conduct of additional studies in support of a pesticide registration in accordance with the GLP regulations. However, not all of these studies are required in other countries or may not require adherence to the principles of GLP. Companies are using computer models as virtual studies instead of inlife or bench type regulated research. Studies are often conducted at institutions of higher learning because of the academic expertise they offer. What is the overall impact advancing technology has on the principles of GLP? Are monitoring authorities (MAs) ready? The medical products field faces similar issues. Development and testing of these products and devices is being conducted similar to development and testing in the pesticide arena. To garner trust in mutual acceptance of data, each participating country must adhere to practices that ensure the highest standards of quality and integrity. The GLP inspector will need to have a good understanding of the science supporting the study conduct and the electronic systems that generate process and maintain study records. C1 [Liem, Francisca E.; Lehr, Mark J.] US EPA, US Lab Data Integr Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Liem, FE (reprint author), US EPA, US Lab Data Integr Branch, 1200 Pennsylvania Av NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM liem.francisca@epa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IST POLIGRAFICO ZECCA STATO PI ROMA PA PIAZZA VERDI 10, ROMA, 00198, ITALY SN 0021-2571 J9 ANN I SUPER SANITA JI Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V15SM UT WOS:000207821700005 PM 19351991 ER PT J AU Grim, B Steeger, T AF Grim, Betsy Steeger, Thomas TI Collaboration between monitoring authorities, regulatory authorities and test facilities on GLP principles provides confidence in data quality with an emphasis on sound science. GLP: an example of a focused effort that paid off SO ANNALI DELL ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA LA English DT Article DE good laboratory practice; test facilities; atrazine; inspections AB The herbicide atrazine has been the subject of numerous studies investigating its potential effects on amphibians. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required the atrazine registrant to conduct a tiered study approach. Tier I of the studies involved laboratory studies to determine whether atrazine affects amphibian gonadal development. Several good laboratory practice (GLP) inspections were conducted during the Tier 1 atrazine amphibian study entitled "Response of larval Xenopus laevis to atrazine exposure: assessment of metamorphosis and gonadal morphology". These inspections were conducted on each of the in-life (Phase 1) test facilities (TF), i.e., Wildlife International (WLI) Ltd. (Easton, Md, USA) and the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) (Berlin, Germany). All of the inspections were conducted in conjunction with the EPA GLP monitoring authority (MA), the Office of Enforcement, Compliance and Assurance (OECA) as well as auditors from the regulatory authority (RA) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). The inspection of the German facility also included representatives of the German equivalent of OECA. In Phase II of the Tier 1 study, tissue samples collected by both IGB and WLI during Phase I were prepared for histology and reviewed by a veterinary pathologist at the Experimental Pathology Laboratory (Vienna, Virginia, USA). The cooperation between the MA, RA and the TF allowed OPP to ensure the GLP principles were being followed as well as allowing everyone involved to bring up some higher level science issues associated with the study execution. C1 [Grim, Betsy; Steeger, Thomas] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Grim, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Grim.betsy@epa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IST POLIGRAFICO ZECCA STATO PI ROMA PA PIAZZA VERDI 10, ROMA, 00198, ITALY SN 0021-2571 J9 ANN I SUPER SANITA JI Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V15SM UT WOS:000207821700010 PM 19351996 ER PT S AU Gates, MB Tomer, KB Deterding, LJ AF Gates, Matthew B. Tomer, Kenneth B. Deterding, Leesa J. BE Popescu, C Zamfir, AD Dinca, N TI MALDI/MS COMPARISON OF FE-NTA IMMOBILIZED METAL AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPUY AND COMMERCIALLY-AVAILABLE METAL OXIDE AFFINITY RESINS FOR PHOSPHOPEPTIDE ENRICHMENT SO APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN LIFE SAFETY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Life Safety CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Arad, ROMANIA SP NATO ID DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHOPROTEOME ANALYSIS; PHOSPHORYLATED PEPTIDES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION; ZIRCONIA; TIO2; PROTEIN; SITE AB Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry has been used to determine the extent of phosphorylation and the specific sites of phosphorylation on proteins. There are several advantages to this combined approach. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography is the use of resins with metal constituents and metal oxides to enrich and isolate phosphopeptides. By selectively enriching phosphopeptides on media prior to MS analyses, suppression effects can be greatly reduced. In this report, we have investigated several resins from various sources to assess the phosphopeptide enrichment capabilities of each prior to mass spectrometric analyses. The phosphopeptide enrichment capabilities of six different resins, Glygen TiO2, ZrO2, and mixed ZrO2 and TiO2 NuTips, Titansphere TiO2 resin, PhosTrap magnetic titanium beads, and a Fe-NTA resin, are compared. C1 [Gates, Matthew B.; Tomer, Kenneth B.; Deterding, Leesa J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gates, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, POB 12233,MD F0-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4641 BN 978-1-4020-8809-4 J9 NATO SCIE PEACE SECU PY 2008 BP 37 EP 54 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8811-7_3 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BIJ27 UT WOS:000259998700003 ER PT S AU Williams, JG Deterding, LJ Tommer, KB AF Williams, Jason G. Deterding, Leesa J. Tommer, Kenneth B. BE Popescu, C Zamfir, AD Dinca, N TI CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES TO PATHOGEN CHALLENGE BY MS-BASED EPITOPE MAPPING SO APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN LIFE SAFETY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Life Safety CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Arad, ROMANIA SP NATO ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTIBODY 4E10 RECOGNIZES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; GP41 EPITOPE; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; COMPLEX AB Mass spectrometry has long proven to be an outstanding bioanalytical technique for identifying proteins, defining their amino acid sequences, and for identifying sites of protein modifications. The application of mass spectrometry to more complicated biological structures. however, is less well established. We have been applying mass spectrometry to structural studies protein, especially to the determination of epitopes on proteins from pathogens that are recognized by monoclonal antibodies as part of the body's immune system. As part of the defense mechanism against the invading pathogens, the body produces a cadre of antibodies to various epitopes on the pathogens. Here, we outline the development of epitope mapping techniques by mass spectrometry for the identification of linear epitopes and complex discontinuous epitopes using examples from our studies of epitopes on HIV proteins. C1 [Williams, Jason G.; Deterding, Leesa J.; Tommer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Mass Spectrometry Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Mass Spectrometry Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4641 BN 978-1-4020-8809-4 J9 NATO SCIE PEACE SECU PY 2008 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8811-7_9 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BIJ27 UT WOS:000259998700009 ER PT S AU Deterding, LJ Tomer, KB AF Deterding, Leesa J. Tomer, Kenneth B. BE Popescu, C Zamfir, AD Dinca, N TI CHEMICAL SURFACE MODIFICATION AND CHEMICAL CROSSLINKING COMBINED WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR PROTEIN TERTIARY STRUCTURAL INFORMATION SO APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN LIFE SAFETY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A-Chemistry and Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Life Safety CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Arad, ROMANIA SP NATO ID SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; GENOMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; PROPIONATE); TOPOLOGY; NMR AB In an effort to gain tertiary structural information of proteins, chemical modification of surface exposed residues and chemical crosslinking have been used in combination with mass spectrometry. For this work, the acetylation of lysine residues was used as a chemical modification reagent. The lysine residues that are determined to be acetylated are, thus, assumed to be surface accessible. The chemical crosslinker DTSSP, 3,3'-dithiobis-[sulfosuccinimidylpropionate], was used for the crosslinking experiments. DTSSP is a homobifunctional amine reactive crosslinker that is cleavable. Therefore, an aliquot of the crosslinked protein was then subjected to conditions that would result in cleavage of the linker. After performing all modification and crosslinking experiments, the protein was digested and analyzed by both MALDI and LC/ESI mass spectrometry. For proof-of-principle, bovine beta-lactoglobulin was used for these analyses, and the results are compared to the X-ray crystal structure of the protein. As an extension of this work, these biochemical and mass spectrometric techniques have been applied to a protein of unknown structure. C1 [Deterding, Leesa J.; Tomer, Kenneth B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Deterding, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, POB 12233,MD F0-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6489 BN 978-1-4020-8809-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC A JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. A-Chem. Biol. PY 2008 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8811-7_10 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BIJ27 UT WOS:000259998700010 ER PT J AU Boese, BL Clinton, PJ Dennis, D Golden, RC Kim, B AF Boese, Bruce L. Clinton, Patrick J. Dennis, Danielle Golden, Robert C. Kim, Bryan TI Digital image analysis of Zostera marina leaf injury SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Zostera marina; leaf injury; digital image analysis ID WASTING DISEASE; USA ESTUARY; EELGRASS; DESICCATION; IMPACT; INDEX AB Current methods for assessing leaf injury in Zostera marina (eelgrass) utilize subjective indexes for desiccation injury and wasting disease. Because of the subjective nature of these measures, they are inherently imprecise making them difficult to use in quantifying complex leaf injuries from multiple sources. We have developed a method using color digital photography of eelgrass leaves which are then manipulated using image processing programs and analyzed using geographic digital image analysis. The resulting false color images are then assigned by the user into uninjured and injured groupings which may then be reported as a percentage of leaf area affected. If images are rectified, leaf area (cm(2)) of injured and uninjured leaf segments may be determined. Although this method is time consuming and still requires some subjective judgments, it does allow for precise analysis of highly complex leaf injuries and has the potential to be a substantial improvement over existing leaf injury indexes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Boese, Bruce L.; Clinton, Patrick J.] US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dennis, Danielle; Golden, Robert C.; Kim, Bryan] Intern Apprenticeships Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM boese.bruce@epa.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.08.016 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 255IM UT WOS:000252651700011 ER PT J AU Wetz, JJ Blackwood, AD Fries, JS Williams, ZF Noble, RT AF Wetz, Jennifer J. Blackwood, A. Denene Fries, J. Stephen Williams, Zachary F. Noble, Rachel T. TI Trends in total Vibrio spp. and Vibrio vulnificus concentrations in the eutrophic Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, during storm events SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Aquatic Microbial Ecology (SAME 10) CY SEP 02-07, 2007 CL Univ Algarve, Faro, PORTUGAL HO Univ Algarve DE Vibrio spp.; Vibrio vulnificus; Storm events; Sediment resuspension; Neuse River Estuary; Water-born pathogens; Quantitative polymerase chain reaction; QPCR ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; WATERBORNE DISEASE; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PAMLICO SOUND; PHYTOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY AB Vibrio spp. are ubiquitous members of aquatic microbial food webs that can be pathogenic to humans and a range of other organisms. Previously published predictive models for Vibrio spp. concentrations in estuarine and coastal waters, based only on salinity and temperature, are 70 to 75% accurate during 'normal' conditions (e.g. not during storms or drought). We have conducted a preliminary comparison of the output from this type of model to the natural concentrations of both total Vibrio spp. and the potentially pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus when measured during tropical storms. Water samples were collected in situ from a deployed platform in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), North Carolina, USA, during 2 storm events: Hurricane Ophelia and Tropical Storm Ernesto. Total Vibrio spp. concentrations were measured using culture-based methods and V vulnificus levels were determined using a newly developed, rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay. Results were analyzed in relation to environmental parameters and to concentrations of the fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus spp. (ENT). Total concentrations of Vibrio spp. in the NRE were often orders of magnitude higher than those predicted by a previously published model. These large deviations from model predictions may indicate contributions from storm forcing (e.g. resuspension, surges) that are missing from the calm weather observations used to build these models. C1 [Wetz, Jennifer J.; Blackwood, A. Denene; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Fries, J. Stephen] US EPA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Williams, Zachary F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Noble, RT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Chapel Hill,3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM rtnoble@email.unc.edu NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 SI 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.3354/ame01223 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 362XH UT WOS:000260230000012 ER PT J AU Wilson, WA Konwick, BJ Garrison, AW Avants, JK Black, MC AF Wilson, W. Aaron Konwick, Brad J. Garrison, Arthur W. Avants, Jimmy K. Black, Marsha C. TI Enantioselective chronic toxicity of fipronil to Ceriodaphnia dubia SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPEPOD AMPHIASCUS-TENUIREMIS; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DESULFINYL PHOTOPRODUCT; RAINBOW-TROUT; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; BIOACCUMULATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; INSECTICIDES AB Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole pesticide that has greatly increased in popularity in recent years. As a chiral molecule, fipronil is released into the environment as a 1:1 mixture (called a racemate) of its two enantiomers. Previous toxicity work has indicated that the enantiomers of fipronil exhibit significantly different levels of acute toxicity to the nontarget organism Ceriodaphnia dubia. In this work we examine the chronic effects of the pure enantiomers and racemate on the survival, development, mobility, and reproduction of C. dubia adults and the survival and mobility of their offspring. Based on 8-day trials, the (+) enantiomer of fipronil showed a significantly greater reduction in the number of offspring (LOEC = 2 mu g/L) than either the racemate (LOEC = 15 mu g/L) or the (-) enantiomer (LOEC = 30 mu g/L). The (+) enantiomer was also shown to be significantly more toxic to neonates born during the course of the experiment (LC50(24) = 18.1 mu g/L, LC50(48) = 10.3 mu g/L) than the racemate (LC50(24) = 33.3 mu g/L, LC50(48) = 30.3 mu g/L), but only after 48 h. Both the (+) enantiomer and the racemate were significantly more toxic to C. dubia than the (-) enantiomer (LC50(24) = 65.2 mu g/L, LC50(48) = 50.1 mu g/L) at both time points. Qualitative mobility data followed a similar trend, with the (+) enantiomer causing greater impairment in mobility at low concentrations. These data imply that the (-) enantiomer has less impact on the reproductive success of C. dubia than either the (+) enantiomer or the racemate. Enantiomerically pure or enriched formulations of (-) fipronil may reduce impacts to the nontarget organism C. dubia. C1 [Wilson, W. Aaron; Black, Marsha C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Konwick, Brad J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Garrison, Arthur W.; Avants, Jimmy K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Wilson, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wilson31@uga.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9003-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 243TX UT WOS:000251821300005 PM 17687584 ER PT J AU Ferraris, S Clark, S Garelli, E Davidzon, G Moore, SA Kardon, RH Bienstock, RJ Longley, MJ Mancuso, M Rios, PG Hirano, M Copeland, WC DiMauro, S AF Ferraris, Silvio Clark, Susanna Garelli, Emanuela Davidzon, Guido Moore, Steven A. Kardon, Randy H. Bienstock, Rachelle J. Longley, Matthew J. Mancuso, Michelangelo Rios, Purificacion Gutierrez Hirano, Michio Copeland, William C. DiMauro, Salvatore TI Progressive external ophthalmoplegia and vision and hearing loss in a patient with mutations in POLG2 and OPA1 SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-POLYMERASE-GAMMA; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; ACCESSORY SUBUNIT; AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT; DELETIONS; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING AB objective: To describe the clinical features, muscle pathological characteristics, and molecular studies of a patient with a mutation in the gene encoding the accessory subunit (p55) of polymerase gamma (POLG2) and a mutation in the OPAL gene. Design: Clinical examination and morphological., biochemical, and molecular analyses. Setting: Tertiary care university hospitals and molecular genetics and scientific computing laboratory. Patient: A 42-year-old man experienced hearing loss, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), loss of central vision, macrocytic anemia, and hypogonadism. His family history was negative for neurological disease, and his serum lactate level was normal. Results: A muscle biopsy specimen showed scattered intensely succinate dehydrogenase-positive and cytochrome-c oxidase-negative fibers. Southern blot of muscle mitochondrial DNA showed multiple deletions. The results of screening for mutations in the nuclear genes associated with PEO and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions, including those in POLG (polymerase gamma gene), ANTI (gene. encoding adenine nucleotide translocator 1), and PEO1, were negative, but sequencing of POLG2 revealed a G1247C mutation in exon 7, resulting in the substitution of a highly conserved glycine with an alanine at codon 416 (G416A). Because biochemical analysis of the mutant protein showed no alteration in chromatographic properties and normal ability to protect the catalytic subunit from N-ethylmaleimide, we also sequenced the OPAL gene and identified a novel heterozygous mutation (Y582C). Conclusion: Although we initially focused on the mutation in POLG2, the mutation in OPAL is more likely to explain the late-onset PEO and multisystem disorder in this patient. C1 [Davidzon, Guido; Rios, Purificacion Gutierrez; Hirano, Michio; DiMauro, Salvatore] Columbia Univ, Dept Neurol, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Ferraris, Silvio; Garelli, Emanuela] Univ Turin, Dept Pediat, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Clark, Susanna; Bienstock, Rachelle J.; Longley, Matthew J.; Copeland, William C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Genet & Sci Comp Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Moore, Steven A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kardon, Randy H.] Univ Iowa, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. [Mancuso, Michelangelo] Univ Pisa, Dept Neurosci, Neurol Inst, Pisa, Italy. RP DiMauro, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Neurol, Med Ctr, 1150 St Nicholas Ave,Room 313, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM sd12@columbia.edu RI Gutierrez Rios, Purificacion/I-4234-2015 OI Gutierrez Rios, Purificacion/0000-0002-4585-1912 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-14]; NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD032062, HD32062]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS11766, P01 NS011766] NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1001/archneurol.2007.9 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 250PR UT WOS:000252313000017 PM 18195150 ER PT J AU Wither, J Cai, YC Lim, S McKenzie, T Roslin, N Claudio, JO Cooper, GS Hudson, TJ Paterson, AD Greenwood, CMT Gladman, D Pope, J Pineau, CA Smith, CD Hanly, JG Peschken, C Boire, G Fortin, PR AF Wither, Joan Cai, Yong-chun Lim, Sooyeol McKenzie, Tamara Roslin, Nicole Claudio, Jaime O. Cooper, Glinda S. Hudson, Thomas J. Paterson, Andrew D. Greenwood, Celia M. T. Gladman, Dafna Pope, Janet Pineau, Christian A. Smith, C. Douglas Hanly, John G. Peschken, Christine Boire, Gilles Fortin, Paul R. CA CaNIOS Investigators TI Reduced proportions of natural killer T cells are present in the relatives of lupus patients and are associated with autoimmunity SO ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY LA English DT Article ID CD1D-RESTRICTED NKT CELLS; B-CELL; ALPHA-GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DISEASE-ACTIVITY; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; PEDIGREES MULTIPLEX; ERYTHEMATOSUS SLE; T(H)2 BIAS; MICE AB Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is a genetically complex disease. Currently, the precise allelic polymorphisms associated with this condition remain largely unidentified. In part this reflects the fact that multiple genes, each having a relatively minor effect, act in concert to produce disease. Given this complexity, analysis of subclinical phenotypes may aid in the identification of susceptibility alleles. Here, we used flow cytometry to investigate whether some of the immune abnormalities that are seen in the peripheral blood lymphocyte population of lupus patients are seen in their first-degree relatives. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the subjects, stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to identify various cellular subsets, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results We found reduced proportions of natural killer (NK) T cells among 367 first-degree relatives of lupus patients as compared with 102 control individuals. There were also slightly increased proportions of memory B and T cells, suggesting increased chronic low-grade activation of the immune system in first-degree relatives. However, only the deficiency of NKT cells was associated with a positive anti-nuclear antibody test and clinical autoimmune disease in family members. There was a significant association between mean parental, sibling, and proband values for the proportion of NKT cells, suggesting that this is a heritable trait. Conclusions The findings suggest that analysis of cellular phenotypes may enhance the ability to detect subclinical lupus and that genetically determined altered immunoregulation by NKT cells predisposes first-degree relatives of lupus patients to the development of autoimmunity. C1 [Wither, Joan] Toronto Western Hosp, Div Genet & Dev, Res Inst, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Wither, Joan] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Wither, Joan] Univ Toronto, Dept Immunol, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Lim, Sooyeol; Roslin, Nicole; Paterson, Andrew D.; Greenwood, Celia M. T.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genome Biol, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hudson, Thomas J.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. [Hudson, Thomas J.] Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada. [Hudson, Thomas J.] Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Gladman, Dafna; Fortin, Paul R.] Univ Toronto, Lupus Clin, Ctr Prognosis Studies Rheumat Dis, Toronto Western Hosp,Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Gladman, Dafna; Fortin, Paul R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Pope, Janet] St Josephs Hlth Ctr, Div Rheumatol, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada. [Pineau, Christian A.] McGill Univ, Div Rheumatol, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. [Smith, C. Douglas] Ottawa Hosp, Div Rheumatol, Ottawa, ON K1H 829, Canada. [Hanly, John G.] Queen Elizabeth 2 Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Halifax, NS B3H 4K4, Canada. [Peschken, Christine] Univ Manitoba, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Fac Med, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1M4, Canada. [Boire, Gilles] Univ Sherbrooke, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. [Fortin, Paul R.] Toronto Western Hosp, Div Hlth Care & Outcomes Res, Res Inst, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Fortin, Paul R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. EM jwither@uhnres.utoronto.ca RI Pope, Janet/G-3342-2011; Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; OI Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Peschken, Christine/0000-0002-4269-5213 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [62840]; Arthritis Centre of Excellence of the University of Toronto; Arthritis Society/CIHR Investigator Award; Burroughs Wellcome Fund FX This study was performed with funding from an operating grant(#62840) from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Dr Wither is funded by The Arthritis Centre of Excellence of the University of Toronto and is the recipient of The Arthritis Society/CIHR Investigator Award. Dr Fortin is funded by an Investigator Award from The Arthritis Society/CIHR Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis and by The Arthritis Centre of Excellence of the University of Toronto. Dr Hudson is the recipient of a Clinical-Scientist Award in Translational Research from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. NR 60 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-6354 J9 ARTHRITIS RES THER JI Arthritis Res. Ther. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 AR R108 DI 10.1186/ar2505 PG 13 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 411JA UT WOS:000263644500027 PM 18783591 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Bhave, PV Foley, KM AF Davis, J. M. Bhave, P. V. Foley, K. M. TI Parameterization of N2O5 reaction probabilities on the surface of particles containing ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; AQUEOUS AEROSOLS; AIR-QUALITY; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GASEOUS N2O5; NITRIC-ACID; HUMIC-ACID; SEA-SALT AB A parameterization was developed for the heterogeneous reaction probability (gamma) of N2O5 as a function of temperature, relative humidity (RH), particle composition, and phase state. for use in advanced air quality models. The reaction probabilities on aqueous NH4HSO4, (NH4)(2)SO4, and NH4NO3 were modeled statistically using data and uncertainty values compiled from seven different laboratory studies. A separate regression model was fit to laboratory data for dry NH4HSO4 and (NH4)(2)SO4 particles, yielding lower gamma values than the corresponding aqueous parameterizations. The regression equations reproduced 80% of the laboratory data within a factor of two and 63% within a factor of 1.5. A fixed value was selected for gamma on ice-containing particles based on a review of the literature. The combined parameterization was applied under atmospheric conditions representative of the eastern United States using 3-dimensional fields of temperature, RH, sulfate, nitrate. and ammonium. The resulting spatial distributions of gamma were contrasted with three other parameterizations that have been applied in air quality models in the past and with atmospheric observational determinations of gamma. Our equations lay the foundation for future research that will parameterize the suppression of gamma when Inorganic ammoniated particles are mixed or coated with organic material. Our analyses draw attention to a major uncertainty in the available laboratory data at high RH and highlight a critical need for future laboratory ratory measurements of gamma at low temperature and high RH to improve model simulations of N2O5 hydrolysis during wintertime conditions. C1 [Davis, J. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, J. M.; Bhave, P. V.; Foley, K. M.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM davisj@ncsu.edu RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 62 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5295 EP 5311 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400015 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Chin, M Dentener, F Doherty, RM Faluvegi, G Fiore, AM Hess, P Koch, DM MacKenzie, IA Sanderson, MG Schultz, MG Schulz, M Stevenson, DS Teich, H Textor, C Wild, O Bergmann, DJ Bey, I Bian, H Cuvelier, C Duncan, BN Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Jonson, J Kaminski, JW Marmer, E Park, R Pringle, KJ Schroeder, S Szopa, S Takemura, T Zeng, G Keating, TJ Zuber, A AF Shindell, D. T. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Doherty, R. M. Faluvegi, G. Fiore, A. M. Hess, P. Koch, D. M. MacKenzie, I. A. Sanderson, M. G. Schultz, M. G. Schulz, M. Stevenson, D. S. Teich, H. Textor, C. Wild, O. Bergmann, D. J. Bey, I. Bian, H. Cuvelier, C. Duncan, B. N. Folberth, G. Horowitz, L. W. Jonson, J. Kaminski, J. W. Marmer, E. Park, R. Pringle, K. J. Schroeder, S. Szopa, S. Takemura, T. Zeng, G. Keating, T. J. Zuber, A. TI A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOL; SNOW; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; AEROCOM; OZONE; MODEL AB We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe. East and South Asia, and North America using results from a coordinated model intercomparison. These sensitivities to regional emissions (mixing ratio change per unit emission) vary widely across models and species. Intermodel differences are systematic, however, so that the relative importance of different regions is robust. North America contributes the most to Arctic ozone pollution. For aerosols and CO, European emissions dominate at the Arctic surface but East Asian emissions become progressively more important with altitude, and arc dominant in the upper troposphere. Sensitivities show strong seasonality: surface sensitivities typically maximize during boreal winter for European and during spring for East Asian and North American emissions. Mid-tropospheric sensitivities, however, nearly always maximize during spring or summer for all regions. Deposition of black carbon (BC) onto Greenland is most sensitive to North American emissions. North America and Europe each contribute similar to 40% of total BC deposition to Greenland, with similar to 20% from East Asia. Elsewhere in the Arctic, both sensitivity and total BC deposition are dominated by European emissions. Model diversity for aerosols is especially large, resulting primarily from differences in aerosol physical and chemical processing, (including removal). Comparison of modeled aerosol concentrations with observations indicates problems in the models, and perhaps, interpretation of the measurements. For gas phase pollutants such as CO and O-3, which are relatively well-simulated, the processes contributing most to uncertainties depend on the source region and altitude examined. Uncertainties in the Arctic surface CO response to emissions perturbations are dominated by emissions for East Asian sources, while uncertainties in transport, emissions. and oxidation are comparable for European and North American sources. At higher levels. model-to-model variations in transport and oxidation are most important. Differences in photochemistry appear to play the largest role in the intermodel variations in Arctic ozone sensitivity, though transport also contributes substantially in the mid-troposphere. C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dentener, F.; Cuvelier, C.; Marmer, E.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sanderson, M. G.; Pringle, K. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Schultz, M. G.; Schroeder, S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany. [Schulz, M.; Textor, C.; Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Bey, I.; Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Modelisat Chim Atmospher, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Bian, H.; Duncan, B. N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Jonson, J.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Kaminski, J. W.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Zeng, G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov RI Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Pringle, Kirsty /A-4697-2013; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; FU UK Defra [AQ0409]; Joint Defra and MoD [GA01 101, CBC/2B/0417]; Task Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution FX We thank the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program for support, and D. Henze for comments. MGS and KJP were funded by the UK Defra under contract AQ0409, and were also supported by the Joint Defra and MoD programme, (Defra) GA01 101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417-Annex C5. This work was perfomed under the umbrella of the Task Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (www.htap.org). NR 31 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 4 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5353 EP 5372 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400019 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Pinder, RW Gilliland, AB Martin, RV AF Napelenok, S. L. Pinder, R. W. Gilliland, A. B. Martin, R. V. TI A method for evaluating spatially-resolved NOx emissions using Kalman filter inversion, direct sensitivities, and space-based NO2 observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DECOUPLED DIRECT METHOD; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; GOME MEASUREMENTS; TRACE GASES; OZONE; COEFFICIENTS; RETRIEVAL; ADJOINT; SYSTEMS AB An inverse modeling method was developed and tested for identifying possible biases in emission inventories using satellite observations. The relationships between emission inputs and modeled ambient concentrations were estimated using sensitivities calculated with the decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D) implemented within the framework of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) regional model. As a case study to test the approach, the method was applied to regional ground-level NOx emissions in the southeastern United States as constrained by observations of NO2 column densities derived from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite instrument. A controlled "pseudodata" scenario with a known solution was used to establish that the methodology can achieve the correct solution, and the approach was then applied to a summer 2004 period where the satellite data are available. The results indicate that emissions biases differ in urban and rural areas of the southeast. The method suggested slight downward (less than 10%) adjustment to urban emissions, while rural region results were found to be highly sensitive to NOx processes in the upper troposphere. As such, the bias in the rural areas is likely not solely due to biases in the groundlevel emissions. It was found that CMAQ was unable to predict the significant level of NO2 in the upper troposphere that was observed during the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX) measurement campaign. The best correlation between satellite observations and modeled NO2 column densities, as well as comparison to groundlevel observations of NO2, was obtained by performing the inverse while accounting for the significant presence of NO2 in the upper troposphere not captured by the regional model. C1 [Napelenok, S. L.; Pinder, R. W.; Gilliland, A. B.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 18 BP 5603 EP 5614 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354NY UT WOS:000259647500007 ER PT J AU Grover, BD Eatough, NL Woolwine, WR Cannon, JP Eatough, DJ Long, RW AF Grover, Brett D. Eatough, Norman L. Woolwine, Woods R. Cannon, Justin P. Eatough, Delbert J. Long, Russell W. TI Semi-continuous mass closure of the major components of fine particulate matter in Riverside, CA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5 mass and components; semi-volatile material; closure ID PM2.5 MASS; AIR-POLLUTION; URBAN; TEOM AB The application of newly developed semi-continuous aerosol monitors allows for the measurement of all the major species Of PM2.5 on a 1-h time basis. Temporal resolution of both non-volatile and semi-volatile species is possible. A suite of instruments to measure the major chemical species of PM2.5 allows for semi-continuous mass closure. A newly developed dual-oven Sunset carbon monitor is used to measure non-volatile organic carbon, semi-volatile organic carbon and elemental carbon. Inorganic species, including sulfate and nitrate, can be measured with an ion chromatograph based sampler. Comparison of the sum of the major chemical species in an urban aerosol with mass measured by an FDMS resulted in excellent agreement. Linear regression analysis resulted in a zero-intercept slope of 0.98 +/- 0.01 with an R-2 = 0.86. One-hour temporal resolution of the major species Of PM2.5 may reduce the uncertainty in receptor based source apportionment modeling, will allow for better forecasting Of PM2.5 episodes, and may lead to increased understanding of related health effects. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grover, Brett D.; Eatough, Norman L.; Woolwine, Woods R.; Cannon, Justin P.; Eatough, Delbert J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Long, Russell W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.037 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261OD UT WOS:000253088300004 ER PT J AU Mason, JM Frydrychova, RC Biessmann, H AF Mason, James M. Frydrychova, Radmila Capkova Biessmann, Harald TI Drosophila telomeres: an exception providing new insights SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Review ID HET-A RETROPOSONS; CHROMOSOME ENDS; HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN-1; P-ELEMENT; DNA-SEQUENCES; MELANOGASTER TELOMERES; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; HISTONE MODIFICATION; DIFFERENT MECHANISMS; MAMMALIAN TELOMERES AB Drosophila telomeres comprise DNA sequences that differ dramatically from those of other eukaryotes. Telomere functions, however, are similar to those found in telomerase-based telomeres, even though the underlying mechanisms may differ. Drosophila telomeres use arrays of retrotransposons to maintain chromosome length, while nearly all other eukaryotes rely on telomerase-generated short repeats. Regardless of the DNA sequence, several end-binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved. Away from the end, the Drosophila telomeric and subtelomeric DNA sequences are complexed with unique combinations of proteins that also modulate chromatin structure elsewhere in the genome. Maintaining and regulating the transcriptional activity of the telomeric retrotransposons in Drosophila requires specific chromatin structures and, while telomeric silencing spreads from the terminal repeats in yeast, the source of telomeric silencing in Drosophila is the subterminal arrays. However, the subterminal arrays in both species may be involved in telomere-telomere associations and/or communication. C1 [Biessmann, Harald] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mason, James M.; Frydrychova, Radmila Capkova] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Biessmann, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM hbiessma@uci.edu RI Capkova Frydrychova, Radmila/H-4187-2014 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101764-04]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-56729, R01 GM056729] NR 105 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD JAN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1002/bies.20688 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 250XM UT WOS:000252334600005 PM 18081009 ER PT J AU Nakamura, N Dai, QS Eddy, M AF Nakamura, Noriko Dai, Qunsheng Eddy, Mitch TI A novel mouse enolase 1-like gene is expressed specifically in spermatogenic cells and encodes a protein present in the principal piece region of the sperm flagellum SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 [Nakamura, Noriko; Dai, Qunsheng; Eddy, Mitch] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 231 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300214 ER PT J AU Hines, E Kato, K Kuklenyik, Z VonEhrenstein, O Calafat, A Fenton, S AF Hines, Erin Kato, Kayoko Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna VonEhrenstein, Ondine Calafat, Antonia Fenton, Suzanne TI Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the serum and milk of lactating North Carolina women SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 US EPA, RTD, DBB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CDC, DLS, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, CDC, SPR, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 467 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300436 ER PT J AU Lambright, C Howdeshell, K Furr, J Gray, L Wilson, V AF Lambright, Christy Howdeshell, Kembra Furr, Johnathan Gray, L., Jr. Wilson, Vickie TI In utero exposure to di-isoheptyl phthalate (DTHP) reduces testicular testosterone (T) production in fetal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 [Lambright, Christy; Howdeshell, Kembra; Furr, Johnathan; Gray, L., Jr.; Wilson, Vickie] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 547 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300506 ER PT J AU Wilson, V Howdeshell, K Lambright, C Furr, J Gray, L AF Wilson, Vickie Howdeshell, Kembra Lambright, Christy Furr, Johnathan Gray, L., Jr. TI In utero exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate differentially affects fetal testosterone and insl3 levels in the testes of male Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats: A dose response study SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 [Wilson, Vickie; Howdeshell, Kembra; Lambright, Christy; Furr, Johnathan; Gray, L., Jr.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 548 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300507 ER PT J AU Geyer, C Inselman, A Sunman, J Bornstein, S Handel, M Eddy, M AF Geyer, Chris Inselman, Amy Sunman, Jeff Bornstein, Sheila Handel, Mary Eddy, Mitch TI A missense mutation is present in the Capza3 gene of ENC-generated repro32 male infertility mutants SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 [Geyer, Chris; Inselman, Amy; Sunman, Jeff; Bornstein, Sheila; Handel, Mary; Eddy, Mitch] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 603 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300559 ER PT J AU Tinfo, N Hotchkiss, M Cooper, R Laws, S AF Tinfo, Nicole Hotchkiss, Michelle Cooper, Ralph Laws, Susan TI The effects of atrazine on the production of steroids in rat granulosa cells SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 731 BP 226 EP 227 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300673 ER PT J AU Gray, L Furr, J AF Gray, Leon, Jr. Furr, Johnathan TI Vinclozolin treatment induces reproductive malformations and infertility in male rats when administered during sexual but not gonadal differentiation; However, the effects are not transmitted to the subsequent generations SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 [Gray, Leon, Jr.; Furr, Johnathan] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 735 BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300677 ER PT J AU Zorrilla, L Gibson, E Stoker, T AF Zorrilla, Leah Gibson, Emily Stoker, Tammy TI Effect of simazine on pubertal development and thyroid function in the female Wistar rat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 733 BP 227 EP 227 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300675 ER PT J AU Haga, Y Nakamura, N Matsuno, Y Eddy, EM Mori, C AF Haga, Yosuke Nakamura, Noriko Matsuno, Yoshiharu Eddy, E. Mitch Mori, Chisato TI Expression levels of transcripts for spermatogenic cell-specific glycolytic enzymes (HK1S, GAPDHS and PGK2) in juvenile mice assayed using RNA isolated from germ cells by laser capture microdissection SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 747 BP 230 EP 230 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300688 ER PT J AU Jjemba, PK Morris, B Tolaymat, T AF Jjemba, Patrick K. Morris, Brian Tolaymat, Thabet TI Specific energy output from urban residues degraded with leachate and an off-specification industrial carbonated beverage as moisture sources SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; FISH; freeze-drying; methane; moisture; soluble COD; specific energy ID WASTE; ENUMERATION; MANAGEMENT; BACTERIA; REFUSE; EUROPE; SITES AB Landfill leachate was stored at -80 degrees C or freeze-dried and thereafter evaluated for fermenting cellulose. The -80 degrees C frozen leachate degraded cellulose under anaerobic conditions, generating 80% CH4 by 127 d. In bench-scale bioreactor studies, the fermentation of synthetic urban residues that received various amounts and types of moisture was compared. Archaea, probed using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in leachate-moistened residues. CH4 production was completely inhibited when a non-diluted carbonated off-specification beverage (COSB) was the source of moisture, but this treatment provided maximal H-2 production. The soluble COD was determined at two sampling intervals increased significantly (p < 0.05) in instances where degradation had been enhanced by the presence of a landfill leachate and a diluted COSB. The specific energy output from the fermenting residues was up to 24-fold in leachate-moistened residues compared with water-moistened residues. Thus, adding moisture to landfilled residues can add to their value but the quality, quantity, and timing of such moisture additions have a direct impact on the specific energy output from the residues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jjemba, Patrick K.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Morris, Brian] Pegasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Tolaymat, Thabet] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Jjemba, PK (reprint author), American Water, 213 Carriage Lane, Delran, NJ 08075 USA. EM Patrick.jjemba@amwater.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.07.008 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 264GR UT WOS:000253276300008 ER PT J AU Schoen, DJ Reichman, JR Ellstrand, NC AF Schoen, Daniel J. Reichman, Jay R. Ellstrand, Norman C. TI Transgene escape monitoring, population genetics, and the law SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transgenic plants; gene flow; selection; molecular markers; access to information ID WILD RELATIVES; HYBRID ZONES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CREEPING BENTGRASS; CROPS; RISK; HYBRIDIZATION; MARKERS; POLLEN; MODEL AB There has been little discussion about how to apply population genetics methods to monitor the spread of transgenes that are detected outside the agricultural populations where they are deployed. Population geneticists have developed tools for analyzing the genetic makeup of individuals in hybrid zones, estmating migration and selection of genes, studying the influence of migration and selection on the shape of clines, and assaying the fitness of hybrids and backcrossed individuals. These tools may prove useful for monitoring the dynamics of escaped transgenes, but their effective application is likely to require access to information on the genetic makeup of transgenic organisms-information that is often proprietary. At present, depending on the jurisdiction involved, developers and regulators of transgenic organisms may be under no obligation to provide such information, thereby impeding independent public research of transgene escape and the refinement of methods used to study it. C1 [Schoen, Daniel J.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Reichman, Jay R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Ellstrand, Norman C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ellstrand, Norman C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Biotechnol Impacts Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Schoen, DJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM daniel.schoen@mcgill.ca NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1641/B580112 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 254FR UT WOS:000252572300013 ER PT S AU Das, M Bhattacharya, S Singh, P Filgueiras, TS Pal, A AF Das, Malay Bhattacharya, Samik Singh, Paramjit Filgueiras, Tarciso S. Pal, Amita BE Kader, JC Delseny, M TI Bamboo taxonomy and diversity in the era of molecular markers SO BOTANICAL RESEARCH: INCORPORATING ADVANCES IN PLANT PATHOLOGY, VOL. 47 SE Advances in Botanical Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID GRASS FAMILY POACEAE; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; GENETIC-VARIATION; SEQUENCE DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA; PHYLLOSTACHYS BAMBUSOIDEAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ARUNDINOIDEAE POACEAE; CLONAL STRUCTURE AB A total of similar to 1400 species of bamboos are grouped under the sub-family Bambusoideae within the family Poaceae. The plant group harbours both herbaceous and woody members while the taxonomy has traditionally been dependent oil morphological characters. Classification systems proposed to date need further support, and taxonomic delineation at lower levels often lack Sufficient resolution. Infrequent flowering events and extensive genome polyploidization are in additional challenge for the woody group. The tremendous advancement Of molecular marker technologies holds the promise to address different needs of bamboo taxonomy (systematics and identification) and diversity Studies. One of the most important prerequisites is 10 apply the appropriate molecular tool at the proper taxonomic level. More Studies are required to better understand the population level genetic diversity in bamboo. C1 [Das, Malay] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bhattacharya, Samik; Pal, Amita] Bose Inst, Kolkata 700054, India. [Singh, Paramjit] Bot Survey India, Kolkata 700064, India. [Filgueiras, Tarciso S.] Reserva Ecol IBGE, BR-70312970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Das, M (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Bhattacharya, Samik/0000-0001-6151-5217 FU Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India [38 (1062)/03/EMR-II] FX The financial support of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India [Grant No. 38 (1062)/03/EMR-II] is gratefully acknowledged. MID acknowledges the resident research associateship award from National Research Council, USA, while this review was written. We are thankful to the Director, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, for allowing us to collect and study the bamboo germplasms, Mr. Pandey, B.S.I, for plant identification, Johan Gielis for providing useful literatures, R. B. Majumder, Jayadri Ghosh, John Fowler, OSU, Jason Londo, EPA, and Gerald F. Guala, USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Centre for helpful discussions. We also thank the editors of this volume for giving us the opportunity to contribute. NR 145 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2296 BN 978-0-12-374327-5 J9 ADV BOT RES JI Adv. Bot. Res. PY 2008 VL 47 BP 225 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0065-2296(08)00005-0 PG 44 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BID46 UT WOS:000258686000005 ER PT S AU Pitruzzello, V AF Pitruzzello, V. BE Beriatos, E Brebbia, CA TI A unique approach to addressing brownfield sites SO BROWNFIELD SITES IV: PREVENTION, ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BROWNFIELD SITES SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites CY MAY, 2008 CL Cephalonia, GREECE SP Wessex Inst Technol, Int Journal Sustainable Planning & Dev DE brownfields; Environmental Protection Agency; Interagency Workgroup; hazardous waste sites; hazardous cleanup; redevelopment; United States AB The purpose of this paper is to describe the unique approach used by EPA Region 2 in providing expertise at the federal and state government levels to communities with brownfield sites. This approach can serve as a "model" for such programs elsewhere by illustrating how EPA Region 2's program has fostered and encouraged brownfields re-use by utilizing and combining various funding, administrative and technical resources available at the "state" and "national" level to address local brownfields issues. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Brownfields program began in 1993 with a small number of grants to municipalities. A report by the General Accountability Office estimated that there are nearly 450,000 brownfield sites in the United States. These grants were "pilots" at the time - the purpose of which was to test the process for getting brownfields identified, characterized, remediated and eventually redeveloped. In January 2001 the "Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act" was signed establishing the Brownfields legislation and moving the pilot/initiative program into a fully recognized self-standing program. Initial funding for the program had been $400,000 and rose steadily during the pilot phase. With the enactment of legislation, the funding level rose to over $165 million. Grants are provided to communities for the purpose of identifying brownfield sites and for site remediation. Funds are provided to states to develop state programs. EPA Region 2 includes the States of New York and New Jersey, seven tribal nations, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The challenges to the Brownfields program are varied across the wide range of regional municipalities, from densely populated cities, to small hamlets, to tribal lands and to tropical communities. To address this variety, the Region 2 Brownfields program has developed a unique partnership with a number of Federal and State government agencies. We have formed an Interagency Workgroup (IAWG) that has over 40 partner agencies that bring member resources to assist individual communities. We have brought such assistance to over 140 communities. This presentation will illustrate some of the challenges and successes experienced by EPA Region 2 throughout this unique process and offer a model for brownfields programs throughout the world. C1 [Pitruzzello, V.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 978-1-84564-105-4 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2008 VL 107 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Planning & Development SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BHT28 UT WOS:000256171400020 ER PT J AU Juhl, AR Murrell, MC AF Juhl, Andrew R. Murrell, Michael C. TI Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth and physiology in a subtropical estuary (Pensacola Bay, Florida) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; REPETITION RATE FLUOROMETRY; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; IRON LIMITATION; QUANTUM YIELD; MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMPETENCE; EUKARYOTIC MICROALGAE AB Phytoplankton nutrient limitation was studied in a sub-estuary of lower Pensacola Bay using multiple techniques in parallel. Nutrient-addition bioassays indicated year-round nutrient limitation, in contrast to seasonal patterns often described for higher-latitude estuaries. Although an earlier study found frequent P-limitation in Pensacola Bay, N-limitation dominated during this study, despite dissolved inorganic N:P ratios consistently above Redfield proportions. However, combined N and P additions enhanced phytoplankton growth more than single nutrients, indicating incipient co-limitation. In-situ alkaline phosphatase (Pase) activity was not clearly related to inorganic nutrient concentrations or ratios. However, changes in Pase activity after nutrient additions were consistent with the other bioassay data. Despite evidence for nutrient limitation from the bioassays, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (F(v)/F(m)) was generally high, indicating that nutrient limitation was not severe enough to reduce photosynthetic efficiency. Techniques like Pase activity and F(v)/F(m) measure the physiological state of the in-situ phytoplankton community, while nutrient-addition bioassays test whether community production and yield would change with additional nutrient inputs. This distinction explains how the phytoplankton community in this environment could be nutrient limited without apparent physiological impairment. Physiological measurements may be less sensitive than nutrient-addition bioassays in diagnosing certain aspects of phytoplankton nutrient limitation. The results indicate that Pensacola Bay would be sensitive to elevated N and P loadings, increasing phytoplankton production and yield with potentially negative ecosystem consequences. C1 [Juhl, Andrew R.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Murrell, Michael C.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, ORD, NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Juhl, AR (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W,Marine Biol Room 2, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM andyjuhl@ldeo.columbia.edu OI Juhl, Andrew/0000-0002-1575-3756 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 26 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 59 EP 82 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258BE UT WOS:000252842600005 ER PT J AU Kalkstein, LS Greene, JS Mills, DM Perrin, AD Samenow, JP Cohen, JC AF Kalkstein, Laurence S. Greene, J. Scott Mills, David M. Perrin, Alan D. Samenow, Jason P. Cohen, Jean-Claude TI Analog European heat waves for US cities to analyze impacts on heat-related mortality SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATCH-WARNING SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE AB Europe experienced an unprecedented excessive heat event (EHE) in 2003, raising the question: What if a similar EHE were experienced in U.S. cities? This study used an airmassbased meteorological method to develop analogs to the 2003 European EHE for five U.S. cities: Detroit, New York, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Washington, D.C.; and calculated the potential excess mortality for these analogs., Analogs capture the 2003 EHE's characteristics by determining daily deviations from long-term averages for meteorological variables in Paris, France, expressed as a multiple of the standard deviation for each variable's long-term average. The 2003 daily multiples of the standard deviation measured in Paris for 12 meteorological variables, and daily maximum and minimum temperatures, were transferred to each U.S. city, and multiplied by the corresponding standard deviation calculated for each variable, to produce analog meteorological variables. With these data, an airmass calendar for each city was developed, and excess mortality was calculated using existing city-specific airmass algorithms. Results show the analog EHEs breaking all-time records for maximum and high minimum temperatures in all five cities. Excess heat-related mortality for the analog summer is 2 to over 7 times the long-term average, with New York showing the greatest increases. In all cities, calculated excess heat-related mortality for the analog summer exceeds the hottest recorded summer in 35 yr. These study results could be valuable for public health planning and a wide range of additional reliability or sensitivity analyses. C1 [Kalkstein, Laurence S.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Perrin, Alan D.; Samenow, Jason P.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Cohen, Jean-Claude] Meteo France, Paris, France. RP Kalkstein, LS (reprint author), Univ Miami, 896 Banyan Court, Marco Island, FL 34145 USA. EM larryk@miami.edu NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 75 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-1-75 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268AV UT WOS:000253551200021 ER PT J AU Pappas, EA Smith, DR Huang, C Shuster, WD Bonta, JV AF Pappas, E. A. Smith, D. R. Huang, C. Shuster, W. D. Bonta, J. V. TI Impervious surface impacts to runoff and sediment discharge under laboratory rainfall simulation SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE impervious surface; watershed; hydrology; urbanization; land use ID URBANIZATION; STREAMS; SYSTEMS; HABITAT; FISH AB Urbanization of watersheds previously managed for agricultural uses results in hydrologic changes associated with increased flooding and erosion. Few studies have been conducted to quantify these effects under controlled conditions and standard rainfall simulation methodologies have not been previously established. In this study, a laboratory rainfall simulation procedure was developed and utilized to evaluate hydrologic and sheet erosional responses to various configurations of impervious surface cover at the small scale. Runoff and sediment losses from a sloped (5%) cascade of soil boxes having 50% impervious cover located at the top of the slope or at the bottom of the slope, or having 0% impervious cover were measured. Results indicate that the 50% upslope impervious treatment generated sediment at 3-5 times the rate of the 50% downslope impervious treatment. Upslope impervious cover resulted in initially lower water runoff rates than channel development, but this effect narrowed or reversed with continued rainfall. These results suggest that upslope impervious surfaces may represent a larger total on-site erosion risk than equivalent impervious surfaces located at lower positions along the slope, especially under high antecedent soil moisture and/or high intensity rainfall. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA, ARS N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Pappas, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bets@purdue.edu NR 21 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.05.001 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 236IK UT WOS:000251296300014 ER PT S AU Walker, S AF Walker, S. BE Sneve, MK Kiselev, MF TI Restoration principles and criteria: Superfund program policy for cleanup at radiation contaminated sites SO CHALLENGES IN RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY REGULATION OF THE NUCLEAR LEGACY SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy CY SEP 25-27, 2007 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP Norwegian Radiat Protect Aurhor, Fed Med Biol Agcy Russia, NATO DE superfund baseline risk assessment; EPA; remediation framework; radioactive contamination; chemical contamination; remedy selection; health effects assessment summary tables (HEAST); PRG AB The United State's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) is responsible for implementing the long-term (non-emergency) portion of a key U.S. law regulating cleanup: the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, CERCLA, nicknamed "Superfund." The purpose of the Superfund program is to protect human health and the environment over the long term from releases or potential releases of hazardous substances from abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The focus of this paper is on Superfund, including how radiation is addressed by the Superfund program. This paper provides a brief overview of the approach used by EPA to conduct Superfund cleanups at contaminated sites, including those that are contaminated with radionuclides, to ensure protection of human health and the environment. The paper addresses how EPA Superfund determines if a site poses a risk to human health and the framework used to determine cleanup levels. The theme emphasized throughout the paper is that within the Superfund remediation framework, radioactive contamination is dealt with in a consistent manner as with chemical contamination, except to account for the technical differences between radionuclides and chemicals. This consistency is important since at every radioactively contaminated site being addressed under Superfund's primary program for long-term cleanup, the National Priorities List (NPL), chemical contamination is also present. C1 [Walker, S.] US EPA, Sci & Policy Branch, OSRTI, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8632-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2008 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8634-2_18 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Physics, Nuclear; Planning & Development SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physics; Public Administration GA BIB43 UT WOS:000258135700018 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI The synthesis and applications of a micro-pine-structured nanocatalyst SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; SUPERLATTICES; NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMISTRY; ALPHA-FE2O3; GREENER; LIQUID; AG AB Dendritic nanoferrites with a micro-pine morphology have been synthesized for the first time under microwave irradiation conditions without using any reducing or capping reagent; the nanoferrites were then functionalized and coated with Pd metal, which catalyzes various organic transformations. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 31 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2008 IS 47 BP 6318 EP 6320 DI 10.1039/b814715a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 384JY UT WOS:000261742300014 PM 19048141 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Aqueous microwave chemistry: a clean and green synthetic tool for rapid drug discovery SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTION; ONE-POT; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; PROMOTED SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; WATER; EFFICIENT; IRRADIATION AB The development of "Greener Organic Chemistry'' is due to the recognition that environmentally friendly products and processes will be economical in the long term as they circumvent the need for treating 'end-of-the-pipe' pollutants and by-products generated by conventional synthesis. The fundamentals and signi. cant outcomes of microwave-assisted organic synthesis in aqueous medium are summarized in this tutorial review, which have resulted in the development of relatively sustainable and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of drugs and. ne chemicals. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Polshettiwar, V (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vivekpol@yahoo.com; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 57 TC 273 Z9 273 U1 2 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2008 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1546 EP 1557 DI 10.1039/b716534j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 329AK UT WOS:000257839100009 PM 18648680 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Simulating the vapour phase air/water exchange of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, lindane, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE air-water exchange; mass transfer coefficient; wind speed; property estimation ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; WIND-SPEED; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; WATER SOLUBILITY; LAW CONSTANTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; TEMPERATURE; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; COEFFICIENT AB Uncertainties in our understanding of gaseous air/water exchange have emerged as major sources of concern in efforts to construct global and regional mass balances of both the green house gas carbon dioxide and semi-volatile persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals. Hoff et al. (1996) suggested that these uncertainties result from a lack of understanding of the overall gaseous air/water mass transport process as well as imprecision in our ability to perform the necessary physicochemical property measurements of the gaseous species of interest. In this work, nine low to intermediate wind speed-dependent mass transport models were evaluated as to their suitability for simulating air/water gaseous exchange of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and lindane. In addition, two physicochemical property estimation procedures were examined over an environmental temperature range of 0 to 40 degrees C and compared with observations reported elsewhere in the literature. Findings from the work included: (1) the gaseous air/water exchange paradigm published by Mackay and Yeun (1983) appears to be the most robust, (2) models derived from environmental SF6 exchange data may generate upper limits for overall mass transfer coefficients but also may overestimate gaseous air/water exchange for compounds with small Henry's Law constants, and (3) neither the property estimation procedures outlined by Paasiverta et al. (1999) nor those by Hilal et al. (2003) are suitable for all physicochemical property estimates; instead, combinations of property estimation procedures from both may be most useful. C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.3184/095422908X322842 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 371VS UT WOS:000260861400003 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, Nicholas T. TI Extending the diffuse layer model of surface acidity constant behaviour: II. Estimation of intrinsic acidity and electrolyte ion site binding constants SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE diffuse layer model; intrinsic acidity constant; electrolyte ion site binding; hydrous oxide ID ADSORPTION; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; INTERFACE; OXIDES; CHARGE; WATER AB The two-pK metal oxide surface acidity constant model relies on generic mass action expressions of the form: Ka(3-x) = [>SOHx-1x-2]a(H+)EXP(-Delta G(excess)/RT)/[>SOHxx-1] where x equals 1 or 2. While all current two-pK surface complexation models require numerical estimates of "intrinsic" acidity constants (i.e., K-a values when Delta G(excess) equals zero), there exists a large range in metal oxide intrinsic acidity constant values reported in the literature. This paper describes improved procedures for obtaining intrinsic acidity constants from quality published metal oxide titrimetic datasets. Because of the observed ionic strength sensitivity of acidity constant estimates at zero charge densities, these constants were interpreted within the context of a new procedure for estimating historical electrolyte ion site binding reactions of the form: >SOH2+ + An(-)<->>SOH(2)An and >SO- + Cat(+)<->>SOCat. Correcting zero charge density effective acidity constants with electrolyte ion site binding constants reduced the observed ionic strength variations in intrinsic acidity constant estimates by approximately 50%. The estimated constants obtained in the study are given below. [GRAPHICS] C1 US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The author wishes to acknowledge the resources needed to complete this work by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The author also wishes to acknowledge constructive comments presented by an anonymous reviewer of this document. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.3184/095422908X340950 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 357MF UT WOS:000259849200004 ER PT J AU Yuan, CA Lu, XF Oro, N Wang, ZW Xia, YJ Wade, TJ Mumford, J Le, XC AF Yuan, Chungang Lu, Xiufen Oro, Nicole Wang, Zhongwen Xia, Yajuan Wade, Timothy J. Mumford, Judy Le, X. Chris TI Arsenic speciation analysis in human saliva SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN URINE; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; INNER-MONGOLIA; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; EXCRETION; ARSENOSUGAR; INGESTION AB BACKGROUND: Determination of arsenic species in saliva is potentially useful for biomonitoring of human exposure and studying arsenic metabolism. Arsenic speciation in saliva has not been reported previously. METHODS: We separated arsenic species in saliva using liquid chromatography (LC) and quantified them by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We further confirmed the identities of arsenic species by LC coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. These methods were successfully applied to the determination of arsenite (As-III), arsenate (As-V), and their methylation metabolites, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) in >300 saliva samples collected from people who were exposed to varying concentrations of arsenic. RESULTS: The mean (range) concentrations (mu g/L) in the saliva samples from 32 volunteers exposed to background levels of arsenic were As-III 0.3 [not detectable (ND) to 0.7], As-V 0.3 (ND to 0.5), MMA(V) 0.1 (ND to 0.2), and DMA(V) 0.7 (ND to 2.6). Samples from 301 people exposed to increased concentrations of arsenic in drinking water showed detectable As-III. in 99%, As-V in 98%, MMA(V) in 80%, and DMA(V) in 68% of samples. The mean (range) concentrations of arsenic species in these saliva samples were (in mu g/L) As-III 2.8 (0.1-38), As-V 8.1 (0.3-120), MMA(V) 0.8 (0.1- 6.0), and DMA(V) 0.4 (0.1-3.9). Saliva arsenic correlated with drinking water arsenic. Odds ratios for skin lesions increased with saliva arsenic concentrations. The association between saliva arsenic concentrations and the prevalence of skin lesions was statistically significant (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Speciation of As-V, As-III, MMA(V), and DMA(V) in human saliva is a useful method for monitoring arsenic exposure. (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Yuan, Chungang; Lu, Xiufen; Oro, Nicole; Wang, Zhongwen; Le, X. Chris] Univ Alberta, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. [Yuan, Chungang] N China Elect Power Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Baoding 071003, Hebei Province, Peoples R China. [Xia, Yajuan] Inner Mongolia Ctr Endem Dis Control & Res, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Wade, Timothy J.; Mumford, Judy] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Le, XC (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, 10-102 Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. EM xc.le@ualberta.ca RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.092189 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 250JJ UT WOS:000252295600025 PM 17981925 ER PT J AU Li, L Dufour, A AF Li, Lu Dufour, Alfred TI Loss of virus-specific memory T Cells in coxsackievirus B3 and B4-infected mice SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Societies CY JUN 05-09, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Federat Clinical Immunol Soc C1 [Li, Lu; Dufour, Alfred] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PY 2008 VL 127 SU S BP S137 EP S137 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.390 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 296HD UT WOS:000255533200394 ER PT J AU Lee, C North, KE Bray, MS Couper, DJ Heiss, G Zeldin, DC AF Lee, C. R. North, K. E. Bray, M. S. Couper, D. J. Heiss, G. Zeldin, D. C. TI Cyclooxygenase polymorphisms and risk of cardiovascular events: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; GENETIC-VARIATION; ASPIRIN; ATHEROTHROMBOSIS; QUANTIFICATION; INHIBITION AB Cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins modulate cardiovascular disease risk. We genotyped 2212 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (1,023 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases; 270 incident ischemic stroke cases; 919 non-cases) with available DNA for polymorphisms in PTGS1 and PTGS2. Using a case-cohort design, associations between genotype and CHD or stroke risk were evaluated using proportional hazards regression. In Caucasians, the reduced function PTGS1 - 1006A variant allele was significantly more common among stroke cases compared to non-cases (18.2 versus 10.6%, P = 0.027). In African Americans, the reduced function PTGS2 - 765C variant allele was significantly more common in stroke cases (61.4 versus 49.4%, P = 0.032). No significant relationships with CHD risk were observed. However, aspirin utilization appeared to modify the relationship between the PTGS2 G-765C polymorphism and CHD risk (interaction P = 0.072). These findings suggest that genetic variation in PTGS1 and PTGS2 may be important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease events. Confirmation in independent populations is necessary. C1 [Lee, C. R.; Zeldin, D. C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Intramural Re, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Lee, C. R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [North, K. E.; Heiss, G.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bray, M. S.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Couper, D. J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Intramural Re, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55018, HL073366, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01HC55018, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, R01 HL073366]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012856, F32 ES012856, F32 ES012856-01, F32 ES012856-02, F32 ES012856-03] NR 40 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100221 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 254KD UT WOS:000252584600015 PM 17495879 ER PT J AU Moser, WE Richardson, DJ Wheeler, BA Irwin, KJ Daniels, BA Trauth, SE Klemm, DJ AF Moser, William E. Richardson, Dennis J. Wheeler, Benjamin A. Irwin, Kelly J. Daniels, Bruce A. Trauth, Stanley E. Klemm, Donald J. TI Placobdella cryptobranchii (Rhynchobdellida : glossiphoniidae) on Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi (Ozark Hellbender) in Arkansas and Missouri SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhynchobdellida; Glossiphoniidae; Placobdella cryptobranchii; Desserobdella; Ozark Hellbender; Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi; Arkansas; Missouri ID LEECH AB Placobdella cryptobranchii is a rarely collected leech of the Ozark hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) in northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, U.S.A. Between October 2002 and August 2005, 58 hellbenders were examined from Eleven Point River (Randolph Co., Arkansas and Oregon Co., Missouri), the north fork of the White River (Ozark Co., Missouri), and the Spring River (Fulton Co., Arkansas). Forty-one of the 58 hellbenders (70.7%) were infested with 1-140 leeches with a mean intensity (+/- SD) of 8.7 (+/- 22.1) and a relative abundance (+/- SD) of 6.3 (+/- 18.9). Contingency table analysis and t-tests revealed no significant differences in prevalence and mean intensity among various years and localities sampled. Leech size did not substantially change over the time period sampled. The dorsal pigmentation of live specimens of P. cryptobranchii is described for the first time. C1 [Moser, William E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Richardson, Dennis J.] Quinnipiac Univ, EC Bio, Hamden, CT 06518 USA. [Wheeler, Benjamin A.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Benton, AR 72476 USA. [Irwin, Kelly J.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Benton, AR 72015 USA. [Daniels, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Off Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Trauth, Stanley E.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Klemm, Donald J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Moser, WE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC-163,POB 37013, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moserw@si.edu; Dennis.Richardson@quinnipiac.edu; bwheeler@astate.edu; kirwin@agfc.state.ar.us; danielsb@si.edu; strauth@astate.edu; klemm.donald@epa.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1654/4300.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 256IL UT WOS:000252721800014 ER PT B AU Nebelsick, J Means, B AF Nebelsick, John Means, Bruce GP HELMHOLTZ CENTRE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH-UFZ TI UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S (USEPA'S) SUPERFUND CONTRACT LABORATORY PROGRAM - SOLVING NEW AND EMERGING CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA QUALITY SO CONSOIL 2008: THEME C - SITE INVESTIGATION: MONITORING AND SCREENING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International UFZ-Deltares/TNO Conference on Soil-Water Systems CY JUN 03-06, 2008 CL Milan, ITALY SP German Fed Minist Educ & Res, Netherlands Minist Housing, Spatial Planning & Environm, Environ, TAMOIL, UFZ, Deltares, TNO, Prov Milano DE analytical methods; hazardous waste; centralized; quality assurance; innovation C1 [Nebelsick, John] US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Inorgan Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Nebelsick, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Inorgan Program, Ariel Rios Bldg 5203P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM nebelsick.john@epa.gov; means.bruce@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMHOLTZ CENTRE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH-UFZ PI LEIPZIG PA PERMOSERSTRASSE 15, LEIPZIG, D-04318, GERMANY BN 978-3-00-024598-5 PY 2008 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BOY12 UT WOS:000278008500027 ER PT J AU Boobis, AR Doe, JE Heinrich-Hirsch, B Meek, ME Munn, S Ruchirawat, M Schlatter, J Seed, J Vickers, C AF Boobis, Alan R. Doe, John E. Heinrich-Hirsch, Barbara Meek, M. E. (Bette) Munn, Sharon Ruchirawat, Mathuros Schlatter, Josef Seed, Jennifer Vickers, Carolyn TI IPCS framework for analyzing the relevance of a noncancer mode of action for humans SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal-human concordance; dose-response relationships; human relevance framework; key events; mode of action; noncancer endpoints; risk assessment ID REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; INHIBITION; EXPOSURE; MALFORMATIONS; NEUROTOXICITY; INFORMATION; DISRUPTION; TOXICITY; ACID AB Structured frameworks are extremely useful in promoting transparent, harmonized approaches to the risk assessment of chemicals. One area where this has been particularly successful is in the analysis of modes of action (MOAs) for chemical carcinogens in experimental animals and their relevance to humans. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) recently published an updated version of its MOA framework in animals to address human relevance (cancer human relevance framework, or HRF). This work has now been extended to noncancer effects, with the eventual objective of harmonizing framework approaches to both cancer and noncancer endpoints. As in the cancer HRF, the first step is to determine whether the weight of evidence based on experimental observations is sufficient to establish a hypothesized MOA. This comprises a series of key events causally related to the toxic effect, identified using an approach based on the Bradford Hill criteria. These events are then compared qualitatively and, next, quantitatively between experimental animals and humans. The output of the analysis is a clear statement of conclusions, together with the confidence, analysis, and implications of the findings. This framework provides a means of ensuring a transparent evaluation of the data, identification of key data gaps and of information that would be of value in the further risk assessment of the compound, such as on dose-response relationships, and recognition of potentially susceptible subgroups, for example, based on life-stage considerations. C1 [Vickers, Carolyn] WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Seed, Jennifer] US EPA, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schlatter, Josef] Swiss Fed Off Publ Hlth, Nutr & Toxicol Risks Sect, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ruchirawat, Mathuros] Chulabhorn Res Inst, Bangkok, Thailand. [Munn, Sharon] European Chem Bur, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Meek, M. E. (Bette)] Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Safe Environm Programme, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. [Doe, John E.] ECETOC, Brussels, Belgium. [Boobis, Alan R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sect Expt Med & Toxicol, Div Med, London, England. RP Vickers, C (reprint author), WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM vickersc@who.int RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015; OI Boobis, Alan/0000-0003-3371-386X NR 23 TC 155 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1080/10408440701749421 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 260YX UT WOS:000253047400001 PM 18259981 ER PT J AU Corton, JC AF Corton, J. Christopher TI Evaluation of the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR in Mouse Liver Tumor Induction by Trichloroethylene and Metabolites SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chloral hydrate; dichloroacetic acid; liver tumors; perchloroethylene; PPAR; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethylene ID MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; ALPHA PPAR-ALPHA; C-MYC PROTOONCOGENES; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; CHLORAL HYDRATE; RAT-LIVER; DRINKING-WATER; INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an industrial solvent and a widespread environmental contaminant. Induction of liver cancer in mice by TCE is thought to be mediated by two metabolites, dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA), both of which are themselves mouse liver carcinogens. TCE, TCA, and DCA are relatively weak peroxisome proliferators (PP), a group of rodent hepatocarcinogens that activate a nuclear receptor, PP-activated receptor (PPAR. The objective of this review is to assess the weight of evidence (WOE) that PPAR is or is not mechanistically involved in mouse liver tumor induction by TCE and metabolites. Based on similarities of TCE and TCA to typical PP, including dose-response characteristics showing PPAR-dependent responses coincident with liver tumor induction and abolishment of TCE and TCA effects in PPAR-null mice, the WOE supports the hypothesis that PPAR plays a dominant role in TCE- and TCA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Data indicates that the MOA for DCA tumor induction is PPAR-independent. Uncertainties remain regarding the genesis of the TCE-induced tumors. In contrast to the TCA-induced tumors, which have molecular features similar to those induced by typical PP, there is evidence, albeit weak, that TCE tumors arise by a mode of action (MOA) different from that of TCA tumors, based largely on dissimilarities in molecular markers found in TCE versus TCA-induced tumors. In summary, the WOE indicates that TCA-induced liver tumors arise by a PPAR-dependent MOA. Although the TCE MOA is likely dominated by a PPAR-dependent contribution from TCA, the contribution of a PPAR-independent MOA from DCA cannot be ruled out. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 149 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 10 BP 857 EP 875 AR PII 903065883 DI 10.1080/10408440802209796 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 372MY UT WOS:000260906900003 PM 18821149 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Varma, Rajender S. TI Microwave-assisted shape-controlled bulk synthesis of Ag and Fe nanorods in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID UNIFORM SILVER NANOWIRES; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; POLYOL SYNTHESIS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; GREEN; SOFT AB Bulk syntheses of silver (Ag) and iron (Fe) nanorods using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) under microwave irradiation conditions are reported. Favorable conditions to make Ag nanorods were established and can be extended to make. Fe nanorods with uniform size and shape. The nanorods formation depended upon the concentration of PEG used in the reaction with Ag salt. The obtained Ag and Fe nanorods were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Ag and Fe nanorods crystallized in face centered cubic symmetry. The method uses no surfactant or reducing agent and is greener in nature which could open a myriad of applications. C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM varma.rajender@epa.gov NR 30 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1021/cg070473i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 246ZW UT WOS:000252047900048 ER PT J AU Li, L Dufour, AP AF Li, Lu Dufour, Alfred P. TI Using IFN-gamma as a biomarker for detecting exposure to viral pathogens SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMORY T-CELLS; WHOLE-BLOOD; VIRUS; INTERFERON; IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN; INDIVIDUALS; INFECTION; NAIVE; ASSAY AB To determine whether interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) can be used as a biomarker of exposure to viral pathogens, 12-week-old BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) or coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) diluted in sterilized phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Control mice were injected with PBS only. Four months after viral infection, mouse spleen cells were harvested and assayed for the release of IFN-gamma by memory T cells after in vitro stimulation with viral antigens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and PBS, respectively. The level of IFN-gamma was examined by an antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A marked increase in the level of IFN-gamma was observed when memory T cells from CVB3-infected mice were incubated with CVB3 virus, but not with CVB4 or PBS. Conversely, memory T cells from mice infected by CVB4 were not stimulated to produce IFN-gamma when they were incubated with CVB3 and PBS, but did significantly produce IFN-gamma when stimulated with CVB4. T cells from mice injected with PBS did not release IFN-gamma after stimulation with CVB3 or CVB4. However, these T cells did release IFN-gamma after stimulation with PHA. Our results demonstrated that IFN-gamma produced by memory T cells is virus-specific and may have use as a biomarker in viral exposure studies. The results of this study may be extended to the study of infection by pathogens that are capable of inducing cell-mediated immune response in humans. C1 [Li, Lu; Dufour, Alfred P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM li.lu@epa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-9044-1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 243UC UT WOS:000251821800014 PM 17926092 ER PT S AU Hilbom, ED Carmichael, WW Yuan, M Soares, RM Servaites, JC Barton, HA Azevedo, SMFO AF Hilbom, E. D. Carmichael, W. W. Yuan, M. Soares, R. M. Servaites, J. C. Barton, H. A. Azevedo, S. M. F. O. BE Hudnell, HK TI Human health effects workgroup poster abstracts - Serologic evaluation of human microcystin exposure SO CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS: STATE OF THE SCIENCE AND RESEARCH NEEDS SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Algal Blooms - State of the Science and Research Needs CY SEP 06-10, 2005 CL Research Triangle Park, NC C1 [Hilbom, E. D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hilbom, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Soares, Raquel /C-9863-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-75864-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2008 VL 619 BP 651 EP 652 PG 2 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BHO77 UT WOS:000254893200059 ER PT J AU Frydrychova, RC Biessmann, H Mason, JM AF Frydrychova, R. Capkova Biessmann, H. Mason, J. M. TI Regulation of telomere length in Drosophila SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN-1 HP1; DISTINCT CHROMATIN DOMAINS; BROKEN CHROMOSOME ENDS; HET-A; P-ELEMENTS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; GAG PROTEINS; PROLIFERATION-DISRUPTER; DIFFERENT MECHANISMS; 2 RETROTRANSPOSONS AB Telomeres in all organisms must perform the same vital functions to ensure cell viability: to act as a protective chromosome cap that distinguishes natural chromosome ends from DNA double strand breaks, and to balance the loss of DNA from the chromosome end due to incomplete DNA replication. Most eukaryotes rely on a specialized reverse transcriptase, telomerase, to generate short repeats at the chromosome end to maintain chromosome length. Drosophila, however, uses retrotransposons that target telomeres. Transposition of these elements may be controlled by small RNAs and spreading of silent chromatin from the telomere associated sequence, both of which limit the retrotransposon expression level. Proteins binding to the retrotransposon array, such as HP1 and PROD, may also modulate transcription. It is not clear however, that simply increasing transcript levels of the telomeric retrotransposons is sufficient to increase transposition. The chromosome cap may control the ability of the telomere-specific elements to attach to chromosome ends. As in other organisms, chromosomes can be elongated by gene conversion. Although the mechanism is not known, HP1, a component of the cap, and the Ku proteins are key components in this pathway. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Frydrychova, R. Capkova; Mason, J. M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Biessmann, H.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Mason, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM masonj@niehs.nih.gov RI Capkova Frydrychova, Radmila/H-4187-2014 FU U. S. Public Health Services [GM-56729]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES021054] FX This work was supported by U. S. Public Health Services grant GM-56729 and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, project ES021054. NR 85 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1159/000167823 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 404DG UT WOS:000263130300021 ER PT S AU Berger, P AF Berger, Philip BE Hlavinek, P Bonacci, O Marsalek, J Mahrikova, I TI Viruses in ground water SO DANGEROUS POLLUTANTS (XENOBIOTICS) IN URBAN WATER CYCLE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Dangerous Pollutants, (Xenobiotics) in Urban Water Cycle CY MAY 03-06, 2007 CL Lednice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO DE enteric virus; enterovirus; reovirus; BGM cell culture; ground water; public water supply well; karst; fractured bedrock; gravel cobble; Ground Water Rule; US EPA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEPATITIS-A; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; TRANSPORT; MISSOURI; BACTERIA; DIARRHEA; COUNTY; ASSAY AB Waterborne disease outbreaks are often associated. with non-porous media aquifers, such as fractured bedrock (metamorphic rock) or karst (limestone) aquifers e.g. South Bass Island Ohio USA (Fong et al., 2007). In these aquifers, ground water flow is fast and direct with little opportunity for inactivation or attachment to the aquifer matrix. In addition, coarse, glacial flood, gravel-cobble aquifers also appear to have fast and direct ground water flow. In the United States, public water supplies may be either ground water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water, as determined by the State. For ground water (only) wells, fifteen public water supply wells in the United State representing several aquifer types are found to be enteric virus positive using BGM cell culture methods. Eight of these wells are located in fractured bedrock, karst or gravel-cobble aquifers and were enteric virus positive using BGM cell culture methods. C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water 4607M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Berger, P (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water 4607M, 1200 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM berger.philip@epa.gov RI Bonacci, Ognjen/D-5814-2017 NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6800-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6795-2_13 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BHF27 UT WOS:000252650000013 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Kim, HS Shin, YK Baik, HW Langenbach, R Surhl, YJ Hahm, KB AF Lee, J. -S. Kim, H. S. Shin, Y-K. Baik, H. W. Langenbach, R. Surhl, Y-J. Hahm, K-B. TI Attenuation of colitis-associated carcinogenesis by pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 SO DIGESTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE colitis; COX-2; colitic cancer; celecoxib; COX-2(-/-); chemoprevention C1 [Lee, J. -S.; Kim, H. S.; Shin, Y-K.; Surhl, Y-J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Natl Res Lab Mol Carcinogenesis & Chemoprevent, Seoul, South Korea. [Baik, H. W.; Hahm, K-B.] Daejin Med Ctr Jesaeng Hosp Bundang, Ctr Digest Dis, Songnam, South Korea. [Langenbach, R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0012-2823 J9 DIGESTION JI Digestion PY 2008 VL 77 SU 1 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 265TQ UT WOS:000253384200026 ER PT J AU Gee, JR Hedge, JM Moser, VC AF Gee, Jillian R. Hedge, Joan M. Moser, Virginia C. TI Lack of alterations in thyroid hormones following exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 during a period of rapid brain development in mice SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polybrominated diphenyl ether; thyroid hormone; postnatal development; brain ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; C57BL/6J MICE; ADULT MICE; PBDES AB Thyroid alterations have been shown to occur following exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures, possibly indicating that disruptions in thyroid hormone levels may underlie behavior deficits observed in animals following postnatal PBDE exposure. This study determined whether acute postnatal exposure to PBDE-47 would alter thyroid hormones. Mice were dosed with PBDE-47 on postnatal day 10, and serum collected either 1, 5, or 10 days after the dose. No effect was observed on thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels at any age examined. This suggests that the neurological abnormalities reported in mice exposed to PBDE-47 are not due to acute changes in circulating thyroid hormones at these observed periods. C1 [Gee, Jillian R.; Hedge, Joan M.; Moser, Virginia C.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gee, Jillian R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, NTD MD B105 04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Moser.ginger@epa.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1080/01480540701873194 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 281GP UT WOS:000254485200004 PM 18330785 ER PT J AU Bow, DAJ Perry, JL Miller, DS Pritchard, JB Brouwer, KLR AF Bow, Daniel A. J. Perry, Jennifer L. Miller, David S. Pritchard, John B. Brouwer, Kim L. R. TI Localization of P-gp (Abcb1) and Mrp2 (Abcc2) in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED HEPATIC CELLS; IN-VIVO CORRELATION; DRUG-METABOLISM; VITRO; TRAFFICKING; COUPLETS; ACID; CLEARANCE; TRANSPORT; PROTEINS AB Freshly isolated hepatocytes are widely accepted as the "gold standard" for providing reliable data on drug uptake across the sinusoidal (basolateral) membrane. However, the suitability of freshly isolated hepatocytes in suspension to assess efflux by canalicular (apical) proteins or predict biliary excretion in the intact organ is unclear. After collagenase digestion, hepatocytes rapidly lose polarity, but localization of canalicular transport proteins in the first few hours after isolation has not been well characterized. In this study, immunostaining and confocal microscopy have provided, for the first time, a detailed examination of canalicular transport protein localization in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes fixed within 1 h of isolation and in cells cultured for 1 h. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a1 (Oatp1a1) was expressed in all hepatocytes and distributed evenly across the basolateral membrane; there was no evidence for colocalization of Oatp1a1 with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2). In contrast, P-gp and Mrp2 expression was lower than Oatp1a1 and confined to junctions between adjacent cells, intracellular compartments, and "legacy" network structures at or near the cell surface. P-gp and Mrp2 staining was more predominant in regions adjacent to former canalicular spaces, identified by zonula occludens1 staining. Functional analysis of rat hepatocytes cultured for 1 h demonstrated that the fluorescent anion and Mrp2 substrate, 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (CDF), accumulated in cellular compartments; compartmental accumulation of CDF was sensitive to (E)-3-[[[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-[[3-dimethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]thio]methyl]thio]-propanoic acid (MK571, Mrp inhibitor) and was not observed in hepatocytes isolated from Mrp2-deficient rats. Drug efflux from freshly isolated hepatocytes as an estimate of apical efflux/biliary excretion would give an inaccurate assessment of true apical elimination and, as such, should not be used to make in vivo extrapolations. C1 [Bow, Daniel A. J.; Brouwer, Kim L. R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacotherapy & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Perry, Jennifer L.; Miller, David S.; Pritchard, John B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bow, DAJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacotherapy & Expt Therapeut, CB 7360 Kerr Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kbrouwer@unc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES080048-17, Z01 ES080031-31, Z99 ES999999]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM041935, R01 GM041935-08, R56 GM041935, GM41935] NR 26 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.018200 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 245DC UT WOS:000251914000026 PM 17954525 ER PT J AU Daughton, CG Ruhoy, IS AF Daughton, Christian G. Ruhoy, Ilene Sue TI The Afterlife of Drugs and the Role of PharmEcovigilance SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH; TO-CRADLE STEWARDSHIP; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; ENVIRONMENTAL DISPOSITION; ADVERSE REACTIONS; GREEN CHEMISTRY; WATER; PHARMACOVIGILANCE; DISPOSAL AB The prescribing and usage of medications (for both humans and domestic animals) have ramifications extending far beyond the traditional objectives of conventional medical care. The healthcare industry has an environmental footprint that includes the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from medications, residues of which can establish themselves as environmental pollutants. This occurs by a variety of routes, but primarily from excretion, bathing and disposal. Many parallels exist between healthcare and the protection and remediation of the environment, spanning the stages from symptomology and diagnosis to treatment. The critical role played by pharmacovigilance in healthcare has a counterpart with the ecological environment. The term ecopharmacovigilance has been used with respect to the unforeseen consequences APIs can have once they enter the environment. We propose that conventional phannacovigilance could be expanded to encompass environmental concerns - a concept we term pharmEcovigilance - as a way to unify the parallel but interconnected needs for protecting both human and ecological health. To convey the scope of a pharmEcovigilance programme, we provide an overview of the occurrence of APIs as environmental pollutants, their ramifications for human health and the environment and some of the ways in which their impact could be reduced or minimized. The major areas discussed include: (i) the routes by which APIs become contaminants in the environment; (ii) the hazards of leftover drugs as a result of stockpiling and from disposal to sewage, which can also eventually contribute to the contamination of drinking water; (iii) why drugs accumulate unused; and (iv) the benefits for humans and the environment that could accrue from reducing the accumulation of leftover drugs and the subsequent introduction of APIs into the environment. A broad spectrum of actions could be taken by prescribers (including veterinarians) and the healthcare industry at large (including manufacturers and insurers) to reduce the release or introduction of APIs to the environment. Most significantly, however, a major reason to consider implementing a pharmEcovigilance programme - beyond reducing the environmental footprint of healthcare - is the previously unforeseen collateral benefit in making further progress in optimizing the delivery, effectiveness, outcomes and cost of healthcare, as well as improving safety for humans, pets and wildlife. For this reason, the relationships that healthcare professionals and patients have with medications might also include consideration of pharmEcovigilance. Like any profession that deals with chemicals, perhaps a major challenge to be faced is how to ensure the sustainability (and minimize the life cycle exposure hazards) of a chemical-based, chemical-centric society in the most cost-effective and safest manner. Given that the medical community is a major source of numerous 'exotic' chemical pollutants in the environment (with thousands of chemically distinct APIs in current use), albeit at very low levels, an imperative could be created for designing and implementing approaches for reducing and controlling this source of pollution. With reduced wastage of medications, in part driven by appropriate or rational prescribing and dispensing, the ecological footprint of medicine could be greatly reduced, with concomitant improvements in many aspects of healthcare. C1 [Daughton, Christian G.] US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Ruhoy, Ilene Sue] Touro Univ Nevada, Coll Osteopath Med, Henderson, NV USA. RP Daughton, CG (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Chem Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM daughton.christian@epa.gov OI Daughton, Christian/0000-0002-0302-7730 NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 30 PU ADIS INT LTD PI NORTHCOTE PA 5 THE WAREHOUSE WAY, NORTHCOTE 0627, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 EI 1179-1942 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.2165/0002018-200831120-00004 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 393AT UT WOS:000262344000003 PM 19026025 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Edmonds, CE Slonecker, ET Wickham, JD Neale, AC Wade, TG Riitters, KH Kepnera, WG AF Jones, K. Bruce Edmonds, Curtis E. Slonecker, E. Terrance Wickham, James D. Neale, Anne C. Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. Kepnera, William G. TI Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the upper San Pedro River Basin, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE greenness change; NDVI; riparian ecosystems ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; ARID RANGELANDS; ANCILLARY DATA; UNITED-STATES; LANDSAT MSS; ECOSYSTEMS; ARIZONA; FORESTS; COVER AB Healthy riparian ecosystems in and and semi-arid regions exhibit shifting patterns of vegetation in response to periodic flooding. Their conditions also depend upon the amount of grazing and other human uses. Taking advantage of these system properties, we developed and tested an approach that utilizes historical Landsat data to track changes in the patterns of greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) within riparian zones. We tested the approach in the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona of the US, an unimpounded river system that flows north into the US from northern Mexico. We evaluated changes in the pattern of greenness in the San Pedro River National Conservation Area (SPRNCA), an area protected from grazing and development since 1988, and in a relatively unprotected area north of the SPRNCA (NA). The SPRNCA exhibited greater positive changes in greenness than did the NA. The SPRNCA also exhibited larger, more continuous patches of positive change than did the NA. These pattern differences may reflect greater pressures from grazing and urban sprawl in the NA than in the SPRNCA, as well as differences in floodplain width, depth to ground water, and base geology. The SPRNCA has greater amounts of ground and surface water available to support a riparian gallery forest than does the NA, and this may have influenced changes during the study period. Estimates of the direction of greenness change (positive or negative) from satellite imagery were similar to estimates derived from aerial photography, except in areas where changes were from one type of shrub community to another, and in areas with agriculture. Change estimates in these areas may be more difficult because of relatively low greenness values, and because of differences in soil moisture, sun-angle, and crop rotations among the dates of data collection. The potential for applying a satellite-based, greenness change approach to evaluate riparian ecosystem condition over broad geographic areas is also discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Reston, VA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM kbjones@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.001 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230XP UT WOS:000250910000009 ER PT J AU Karunanithi, AT Cabezas, H Frieden, BR Pawlowski, CW AF Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Cabezas, Heriberto Frieden, B. Roy Pawlowski, Christopher W. TI Detection and Assessment of Ecosystem Regime Shifts from Fisher Information SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecosystems; Fisher information; marine ecosystem; regime shifts; resilience; sustainability ID NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; SUSTAINABILITY; MANAGEMENT; OCEAN AB Ecosystem regime shifts, which are long-term system reorganizations, have profound implications for sustainability. There is a great need for indicators of regime shifts, particularly methods that are applicable to data from real systems. We have developed a form of Fisher information that measures dynamic order in complex systems. Here we propose the use of Fisher information as a means of: (1) detecting dynamic regime shifts in ecosystems, and (2) assessing the quality of the shift in terms of intensity and pervasiveness. Intensity is reflected by the degree of change in dynamic order, as determined by Fisher information, and pervasiveness is a reflection of how many observable variables are affected by the change. We present a new robust methodology to calculate Fisher information from time series field data. We demonstrate the use of Fisher information to detect regime shifts on a model for a shallow lake. Next, we use Fisher information to analyze marine ecosystem response to physical changes using real time-series data of a coastal marine ecosystem, the North Pacific Ocean. C1 [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Frieden, B. Roy] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pawlowski, Christopher W.] RD Zande & Associates, Cincinnati, OH 45249 USA. RP Karunanithi, AT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 AR 22 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 376IA UT WOS:000261176100018 ER PT J AU Chang, JCS Zhao, YX AF Chang, John C. S. Zhao, Yongxin TI Pilot plant testing of elemental mercury reemission from a wet scrubber SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB This paper is to discuss the recent observations of elemental mercury (Hg-0) reemissions from a pilot-scale limestone wet scrubber. Simulated flue gas was generated by burning natural gas in a down-tired furnace and doped with 2000 ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) solution was delivered to the scrubber at a controlled rate to simulate the absorption of ionized mercury (Hg2+). Testing results have shown that, after Hg2+ was injected, elevated He concentrations were soon detected both in the scrubber effluent flue gas and the hold tank air, which reflected the occurrence of Hg-0 reemissions in both places. When the HgCl2 feed was stopped, the Hg-0 reemission continued for more than 2 h. In addition, a significant Hg-0 reemission was also detected outside the scrubber loop. In an attempt to understand the Hg-0 reemission increase across the wet scrubber system under transient and steady states and to understand the underlying relationship with the mercury complexes retained in the wet scrubber system, a mercury reemission model was developed. With this model, it was found that the Hg-0 reemission rate under the current testing conditions can be simulated by a first-order reaction, and only a portion of Hg center dot S(IV) complexes retained in the slurry were participating in the reemission reaction. C1 [Chang, John C. S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhao, Yongxin] ARCADIS G & M Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Chang, JCS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, MD E305-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chan.john@epa.gov NR 4 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 338 EP 342 DI 10.1021/ef700355q PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 252GJ UT WOS:000252434700051 ER PT J AU Bellas, A Lange, I AF Bellas, Allen Lange, Ian TI Impacts of market-based environmental and generation policy on scrubber electricity usage SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION-CONTROL; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; INNOVATION; EFFICIENCY AB The introduction of scrubbers as a means of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from stationary sources coincided with the implementation of the Clean Air Act of 1970. Since that time, there have been many policy changes affecting the electricity generation industry. These changes can be characterized as moving from direct regulation toward market-based incentives, both in deregulation or restructuring of power markets and adoption of market-based environmental regulation. These changes provide natural experiments for investigating whether the form of regulation can alter the rate of technological progress. This paper analyzes changes in scrubbers' use of electricity (also known as parasitic load) in relation to regulatory policy regimes. Results show that restructured electricity markets led to innovations that reduced parasitic load considerably (35-45%). Conversely, the change to a cap-and-trade system for SO2 has not led to similar reductions. C1 [Bellas, Allen] Metropolitan State Univ, Coll Management, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. [Lange, Ian] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bellas, A (reprint author), Metropolitan State Univ, Coll Management, 1501 Hennepin Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. EM allen.bellas@metrostate.edu; lange.ian@epa.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 PG 14 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 282VE UT WOS:000254594500008 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Lee, EH Lewis, JD Johnson, MG Rygiewicz, PT AF Tingey, David T. Lee, E. Henry Lewis, James D. Johnson, Mark G. Rygiewicz, Paul T. TI Do mesocosms influence photosynthesis and soil respiration? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE field studies; mesocosms; Douglas-fir; photosynthesis; soil respiration ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB Mesocosms, enclosed outdoor experimental systems, are commonly used in terrestrial ecology. They are frequently used to study the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on terrestrial ecosystem processes. Despite their advantages and frequent use it is important to verify, through explicit measures, that mesocosms reliably model the larger system. In this study, fully-coupled, soil-litter-plant mesocosms were constructed in Corvallis using native soil and litter, and planted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) seedlings. Needle photosynthesis and soil respiration were measured repeatedly over a 21-month period in mesocosms and compared to measurements made at two field sites (Toad Creek and Falls Creek) planted at the same density as the mesocosms. Under the temperature and soil moisture conditions, photosynthetic and soil respiration rates in the mesocosms were not significantly different than the rates at Toad Creek, where the soil and litter in the mesocosms were collected. In contrast, the soil at Falls Creek was different than the soil in the mesocosms and at Toad Creek and photosynthetic and soil respiration rates at Falls Creek were significantly different than at the other two sites. The lack of significant differences between rates measured in the mesocosms in Corvallis and at the Toad Creek field site indicate that the mesocosms did not cause significant artifacts in the data and that the results for these rates in the mesocosms can be extrapolated to field settings with comparable edaphic conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tingey, David T.; Lee, E. Henry; Johnson, Mark G.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Lewis, James D.] Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Biol Stn, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tingey.dave@epa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.07.003 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240PS UT WOS:000251600100005 ER PT S AU Silbergeld, EK Nachman, K AF Silbergeld, Ellen K. Nachman, Keeve BE Carpenter, DO TI The Environmental and Public Health Risks Associated with Arsenical Use in Animal Feeds SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN THE PACIFIC BASIN SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the Pacific-Basin-Consortium-for-Environment-and-Health-Sciences CY OCT 26-29, 2007 CL Peking Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Pacific Basin Consortium Environm & Hlth Sci HO Peking Univ DE arsenic; roxarsone; animal waste; poultry; swine; animal feed; waste management; antibiotic resistance; groundwater; agriculture; animal production; concentrated animal feeding operations ID FED ARSANILIC ACID; POULTRY LITTER; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; BROILER-CHICKENS; ROXARSONE; TISSUES; WASTE; EXPOSURE; SPECIATION; RESIDUES AB Arsenic exposures contribute significantly to the burden of preventable disease worldwide, specifically related to increased risks of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Most exposures are associated with natural contamination of groundwater, which is difficult to mitigate when these sources are used for drinking water. An anthropogenic source of arsenic exposure stems from the widespread use of arsenical drugs in food-animal production in the United States and China, among many countries. This use results in residual contamination of food products from animals raised with the drugs, as wen as environmental contamination associated with disposal of wastes from these animals. Land disposal of these wastes can contaminate surface and ground water, and the conversion of animal wastes into fertilizer pellets for home use as well as the introduction of animal waste incinerators may increase opportunities for exposure. As an intentional additive to animal feed, use of arsenical drugs is a preventable source of human exposure. The domestic practice of using these drugs in poultry production has been the subject of media attention and limited research, though the use of these drugs in domestic swine production and in the rapidly growing foreign animal production industry remains largely uncharacterized. This continued expansion of arsenical drug use may likely increase the burden of global human arsenic exposure and risk. C1 [Silbergeld, Ellen K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Nachman, Keeve] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Sci Policy & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Silbergeld, EK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E6644, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM csilberg@jhsph.edu NR 59 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-740-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2008 VL 1140 BP 346 EP 357 DI 10.1196/annals.1454.049 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIM57 UT WOS:000260859700038 PM 18991934 ER PT S AU Hecht, AD Liotta, PH AF Hecht, Alan D. Liotta, P. H. BE Liotta, PH Mouat, DA Kepner, WG Lancaster, JM TI Environmental and human security: Then and now - Preface SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY: RECOGNIZING AND ACTING ON HAZARD IMPACTS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Change and Human Security CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Newport, RI SP NATO C1 [Hecht, Alan D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM peter.liotta@salve.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8549-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP V EP XI PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BID69 UT WOS:000258738000001 ER PT S AU Nash, MS Chaloud, DJ Kepner, WG Sarri, S AF Nash, Maliha S. Chaloud, Deborah J. Kepner, William G. Sarri, Samuel BE Liotta, PH Mouat, DA Kepner, WG Lancaster, JM TI Regional assessment of landscape and land use change in the mediterranean region - Morocco case study (1981-2003) SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY: RECOGNIZING AND ACTING ON HAZARD IMPACTS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Change and Human Security CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Newport, RI SP NATO DE Morocco; Southern Mediterranean; anthropogenic; natural and socio-economic factors; AVHRR; changes in NDVI; autoregression; ecological services; desertification ID AVHRR NDVI DATA; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION AB The ability to analyze and report changes in our environment and relate them to causative factors provides and important strategic capability to environmental decision and policy makers throughout the world. In this study, we linked changes in land cover with changes in human demographics and natural phenomena, including rainfall. The methodology presented here allows users to locate and map changes in vegetation cover over large areas quickly and inexpensively. Thus it provides policy makers with the capability to assess areas undergoing environmental change and improve their ability to positively respond or adapt to change. Morocco was used as an example and changes in vegetation cover were assessed over a twenty-three-year period (1981-2003) using 8-km Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from the Advance Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). A regression model of NDVI over time was developed to identify long-term trends in vegetation cover for each pixel in the study area. Patches of changes in vegetation cover were identified using ArcView for visualization of specific areas. A decreasing trend in vegetation cover is an indicator of some type of stress, either natural (e.g., drought, fire) or anthropogenic (e.g., excessive grazing, urban growth), that affects that life-support function of the environment for humans. Although Morocco was the only country used in this case study, the described approach has broad application throughout the world and offers an opportunity for combating changing ecological conditions that affect populations. C1 [Nash, Maliha S.; Chaloud, Deborah J.; Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 East Harmon Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Sarri, Samuel] Coll Southern Nevada, Dept Philosoph & Reg Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Nash, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 East Harmon Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development FX We are very grateful for the inputs of Dr. Bradford and Dr. Pitchford (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Rick VanRemortel and Tim Ehli (Lockheed Martin). We also thank Hy Dao (Metadata & Socio-Economics Unit, UNEP/GRID-Geneva, Switzerland) who directed us to the Africa Data Dissemination Service. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded the research described herein. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8549-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 143 EP + PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BID69 UT WOS:000258738000009 ER PT S AU Mouat, DA Kepner, WG AF Mouat, David A. Kepner, William G. BE Liotta, PH Mouat, DA Kepner, WG Lancaster, JM TI Summary, conclusions, and recommendations for policy and research SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY: RECOGNIZING AND ACTING ON HAZARD IMPACTS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Change and Human Security CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Newport, RI SP NATO C1 [Mouat, David A.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Dev, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Kepner, William G.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Mouat, DA (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Dev, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dmouat@dri.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8549-9 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 461 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8551-2_21 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BID69 UT WOS:000258738000022 ER PT J AU Ryba, SA Lake, JL Serbst, JR Libby, AD Ayvazian, S AF Ryba, S. A. Lake, J. L. Serbst, J. R. Libby, A. D. Ayvazian, S. TI Assessment of caudal fin clip as a non-lethal technique for predicting muscle tissue mercury concentrations in largemouth bass SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; largemouth bass; mercury; metals; non-lethal methods ID MONITORING MERCURY; FISH TISSUE; SCALES AB The statistical relationship between total mercury (Hg) concentration in clips from the caudal fin and muscle tissue of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) from 26 freshwater sites in Rhode Island, USA was developed and evaluated to determine the utility of fin clip analysis as a non-lethal and convenient method for predicting mercury concentrations in tissues. The relationship of total Hg concentrations in fin clips and muscle tissue showed an r(2) of 0.85 and may be compared with an r(2) of 0.89 for Hg concentrations between scales and muscle tissue that was determined in a previous study on largemouth bass. The Hg concentration in fin clip samples ( mean = 0.261 mu g g(-1) ( dry)) was more than a factor of twenty greater than in the scale samples ( mean = 0.012 mu g g(-1) ( dry)). Therefore, fin clips may be a more responsive non-lethal predictor of muscle-Hg concentrations than scale in fish species which may have reduced Hg concentrations. C1 [Ryba, S. A.; Lake, J. L.; Serbst, J. R.; Ayvazian, S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Libby, A. D.] Rhode Isl Div Fish & Wildlife, West Kington, RI 02892 USA. RP Ryba, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ryba.stephan@epa.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1071/EN08017 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 315JH UT WOS:000256874200005 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Attwood, BC AF Hutson, Nick D. Attwood, Brian C. TI Binding of vapour-phase mercury (Hg-0) on chemically treated bauxite residues (red mud) SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bauxsol; mercury capture; red mud ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; FUEL GAS; UNCONVENTIONAL SORBENTS; ALUMINUM-INDUSTRY; ENTRAINED-FLOW; REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; CAPTURE; WATER AB The development and testing of novel control technologies and advanced adsorbent materials continue to be active areas of research. In the present study, Hg capture using adsorbent material derived from the bauxite residue ( red mud) from two North American refineries was studied. The red mud, seawater-neutralised red mud, and acid-treated red mud were evaluated for their mercury adsorption capacity and compared with other, more conventional sorbent materials. Two different seawater-neutralised red mud (Bauxsol) samples were treated with HCl and HBr in an effort to increase the mercury sorption capacity. In all cases, the acid treatment resulted in a significant increase in the total surface area and an increase in the total pore volume. The fixed-bed mercury capture experimental results showed that the HBr activation treatment was very effective at increasing the mercury capture performance of both Bauxsol samples whereas the HCl treatment had no effect on the mercury capture performance. Entrained-flow experiments revealed that the Br-Bauxsol was not effective for in-flight mercury capture. This indicates that the mechanism of mercury capture is likely mass-transfer-limited in the entrained-flow experiments. C1 [Hutson, Nick D.; Attwood, Brian C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) [BW89938167]; USA Department of Energy (DOE); US EPA FX Much of the present work was performed at the US EPA and supported, in part, by the appointment of Brian Attwood to the Postdoctoral Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through Interagency Agreement BW89938167 between the USA Department of Energy (DOE) and the US EPA. Mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1071/EN08026 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339QL UT WOS:000258592000005 ER PT J AU Grange, AH AF Grange, Andrew H. TI An inexpensive autosampler to maximize throughput for an ion source that samples surfaces in open air SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th IWA International Specialized Conference on Diffuse Pollution and Sustainable Basin Management CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Water Assoc, Diffuse Pollut Specialist Grp, Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn DE homeland security; autosampler; DART; throughput; time-of-flight mass spectrometer ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ACCELERATION AB Rapid analysis of hundreds of wipe samples after a chemical dispersion event is essential for quickly characterizing the hazard posed to the public. An autosampler was built to pull 76 cotton swabs mounted along a 91-cm (3-foot) long, square aluminum rod in open air, through the ionizing beam of a direct analysis in real time (DART(1)) ion source interfaced to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The rod and swabs mounted on N-scale model railroad flat cars were pulled through the ion source in 7.5 min by a 7-rpm motor. Percent relative standard deviations (%RSDs) of 18.5% to 21.3% were obtained for the chromatographic peak areas of the protonated molecule. Maximum-to-minimum ratios of the areas were between 2.22 and 2.71. Measured exact masses of analyte ions were always accurate to within 1 mDa. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1080/15275920802115860 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317IR UT WOS:000257013900004 ER PT J AU Grange, AH AF Grange, Andrew H. TI An integrated wipe sample transport/autosampler to maximize throughput for a direct analysis in real time (DART)/orthogonal acceleration, time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oa-TOFMS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th IWA International Specialized Conference on Diffuse Pollution and Sustainable Basin Management CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Water Assoc, Diffuse Pollut Specialist Grp, Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn DE homeland security; autosampler; DART; throughput; time-of-flight mass spectrometer ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ION AB A wipe sample transport was designed and built to meet two objectives: to simplify collection, storage, and transport of cotton swab wipe samples and to provide a sample train of 72 wipe samples nearly ready for analysis when the swabs reach the laboratory. The cotton swabs are mounted on an Al rod that is the sample support for an autosampler used to perform direct analysis in real time (DART(1))/orthogonal acceleration, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (oa-TOFMS) analyses. The goal is for one analyst to analyze 1000 wipe samples mounted on 14 Al rods in one 8-h shift. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1080/15275920802115944 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317IR UT WOS:000257013900005 ER PT J AU Sidle, WC Allen, D AF Sidle, W. C. Allen, Derrick TI Deciphering naturally occurring Pb contamination impacting drinking water wells: Shaker Village Catchment, Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th IWA International Specialized Conference on Diffuse Pollution and Sustainable Basin Management CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Int Water Assoc, Diffuse Pollut Specialist Grp, Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn DE Pb isotopes; Markov chain; groundwater; catchment; Maine ID LEAD AB Trace Pb concentrations in groundwater within glacial deposits across Maine fluctuate considerably. Deciphering the distribution and sources of naturally occurring Pb in groundwater with only the use of conventional anomaly identification techniques presents a challenge. In a representative catchment, a coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model conditioned by 46 boreholes permits a visualization of a complex of ancient braided stream channels, possibly containing recurrent elevated groundwater Pb over 15 mu g L-1. Stable Pb isotopes are reported to aid the source definition of dispersed groundwater Pb in the outwash deposits. C1 [Sidle, W. C.] US EPA, Natl Risk & Management Res Lab, Isotope Hydrol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Sidle, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk & Management Res Lab, Isotope Hydrol Lab, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM sidle.william@epa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1080/15275920802122072 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317IR UT WOS:000257013900011 ER PT J AU Kodavanti, UP Schladweiler, MC Gilmour, PS Wallenborn, JG Mandavilli, BS Ledbetter, AD Christiani, DC Runge, MS Karoly, ED Costa, DL Peddada, S Jaskot, R Richards, JH Thomas, R Madamanchi, NR Nyska, A AF Kodavanti, Urmila P. Schladweiler, Mette C. Gilmour, Peter S. Wallenborn, J. Grace Mandavilli, Bhaskar S. Ledbetter, Allen D. Christiani, David C. Runge, Marschall S. Karoly, Edward D. Costa, Daniel L. Peddada, Shyamal Jaskot, Richard Richards, Judy H. Thomas, Ronald Madamanchi, Nageswara R. Nyska, Abraham TI The role of particulate matter-associated zinc in cardiac injury in rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aconitase; air pollution; cardiac gene expression profile; mitochondria; particulate matter; zinc ID GENE-EXPRESSION; COPPER DEFICIENCY; MICROARRAY DATA; DNA-DAMAGE; PULMONARY; EXPOSURE; METALLOTHIONEIN; PARTICLES; METALS; MITOCHONDRIA AB BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity; however, causative components are unknown. Zinc is a major element detected at high levels in urban air. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of PM-associated zinc in cardiac injury. METHODS: We repeatedly exposed 12- to 14-week-old male Wistar Kyoto rats intratracheally (1x/week for 8 or 16 weeks) to a) saline (control); b) PM having no soluble zinc (Mount St. Helens ash, MSH); or c) whole-combustion PM suspension containing 14.5 mu g/mg of water-soluble zinc at high dose (PM-HD) and d) low dose (PM-LD), e) the aqueous fraction of this suspension (14.5 mu g/mg of soluble zinc) (PM-L), or f) zinc sulfate (rats exposed for 8 weeks received double the concentration of all PM components of rats exposed for 16 weeks). RESULTS: Pulmonary inflammation was apparent in all exposure groups when compared with saline (8 weeks > 16 weeks). PM with or without zinc, or with zinc alone caused small increases in focal subepicardial inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis. Lesions were not detected in controls at 8 weeks but were noted at 16 weeks. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA damage using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and found that all groups except MSH caused varying degrees of damage relative to control. Total cardiac aconitase activity was inhibited in rats receiving soluble zinc. Expression array analysis of heart tissue revealed modest changes in mRNA for genes involved in signaling, ion channels function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, and cell cycle regulation in zinc but not in MSH-exposed rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that water-soluble PM-associated zinc may be one of the causal components involved in PM cardiac effects. C1 [Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Costa, Daniel L.; Jaskot, Richard; Richards, Judy H.; Thomas, Ronald] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Pulmonary Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gilmour, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Wallenborn, J. Grace] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mandavilli, Bhaskar S.; Runge, Marschall S.; Madamanchi, Nageswara R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Carolina Cardiovasc Biol Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Christiani, David C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Karoly, Edward D.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Peddada, Shyamal; Nyska, Abraham] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Expt Pathol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kodavanti, UP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Pulmonary Toxicol Branch, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.urmila@epa.gov RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012; OI Madamanchi, Nageswara/0000-0003-0590-0908 FU CIT NIH HHS [CT829471] NR 57 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1289/ehp.10379 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100018 PM 18197293 ER PT J AU Bucher, JR AF Bucher, John R. TI NTP: New initiatives, new alignment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bucher, John R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Toxicol Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bucher, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Toxicol Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bucher@niehs.nih.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP A14 EP A15 DI 10.1289/ehp.11100 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100002 ER PT J AU Huff, J Melnick, R AF Huff, James Melnick, Ronald TI Lorenzo Tomatis - 1929-2007 - In memoriam SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Huff, James; Melnick, Ronald] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM huff1@niehs.nih.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 1 BP A16 EP A17 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 248GZ UT WOS:000252142100003 PM 18197277 ER PT S AU Crout, N Kokkonen, T Jakeman, AJ Norton, JP Newham, LTH Anderson, R Assaf, H Croke, BFW Gaber, N Gibbons, J Holzworth, D Mysiak, J Reichl, J Seppelt, R Wagener, T Whitfield, P AF Crout, N. Kokkonen, T. Jakeman, A. J. Norton, J. P. Newham, L. T. H. Anderson, R. Assaf, H. Croke, B. F. W. Gaber, N. Gibbons, J. Holzworth, D. Mysiak, J. Reichl, J. Seppelt, R. Wagener, T. Whitfield, P. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI GOOD MODELLING PRACTICE SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELS; DOCUMENTATION; SYSTEMS C1 [Crout, N.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Kokkonen, T.] Aalto Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland. [Jakeman, A. J.; Norton, J. P.; Newham, L. T. H.; Croke, B. F. W.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Norton, J. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Inst Math Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Anderson, R.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Environm Sci & Policy Div, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Assaf, H.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Beirut, Lebanon. [Gaber, N.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gibbons, J.] Univ Wales, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Holzworth, D.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Mysiak, J.] Fdn Eni EnricoMattei, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Reichl, J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Seppelt, R.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Environm Res Ctr, D-04301 Leipzig, Germany. [Wagener, T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Whitfield, P.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Crout, N (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RI Seppelt, Ralf /E-6056-2010; Jakeman, Anthony/P-6786-2014 OI Seppelt, Ralf /0000-0002-2723-7150; Jakeman, Anthony/0000-0001-5282-2215 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 15 EP 31 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300003 ER PT S AU McIntosh, BS Giupponi, C Voinov, AA Smith, C Matthews, KB Monticino, M Kolkman, MJ Crossman, N van Ittersum, M Haase, D Haase, A Mysiak, J Groot, JCJ Sieber, S Verweij, P Quinn, N Waeger, P Gaber, N Hepting, D Scholten, H Sulis, A van Delden, H Gaddis, E Assaf, H AF McIntosh, B. S. Giupponi, C. Voinov, A. A. Smith, C. Matthews, K. B. Monticino, M. Kolkman, M. J. Crossman, N. van Ittersum, M. Haase, D. Haase, A. Mysiak, J. Groot, J. C. J. Sieber, S. Verweij, P. Quinn, N. Waeger, P. Gaber, N. Hepting, D. Scholten, H. Sulis, A. van Delden, H. Gaddis, E. Assaf, H. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI BRIDGING THE GAPS BETWEEN DESIGN AND USE: DEVELOPING TOOLS TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECISION-SUPPORT; LAND-USE; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MODELS; SYSTEMS; SIMULATION; COMMUNICATION; LANDSCAPE; KNOWLEDGE; SCIENCE C1 [McIntosh, B. S.] Cranfield Univ, Ctr Water Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Giupponi, C.] Univ Ca Foscari Venezia, Dipartimento Sci Econ, Ctr Environm Econ & Management, I-30121 Venice, Italy. [Voinov, A. A.] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Smith, C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Matthews, K. B.] Macaulay Inst, Landscape Change Programme, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. [Monticino, M.] Univ N Texas, Dept Math, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Kolkman, M. J.] Univ Twente, Fac Engn Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Crossman, N.] CSIRO Land & Water, Policy & Econ Res Unit, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [van Ittersum, M.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. [Haase, D.] UFZ, Dept Computat Landscape Ecol, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Haase, A.] UFZ, Dept Urban & Environm Sociol, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Mysiak, J.] Fdn Eni Enrico Mattei, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Groot, J. C. J.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. [Sieber, S.] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Verweij, P.] Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Quinn, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waeger, P.] Empa, Mat Sci & Technol, Technol & Soc Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. [Gaber, N.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hepting, D.] Univ Regina, Dept Comp Sci, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Scholten, H.] Wageningen Univ, Informat Technol Grp, NL-6706 EW Wageningen, Netherlands. [Sulis, A.] Univ Cagliari, Dept Land Engn, Hydraul Sectr, I-09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy. [van Delden, H.] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. [Gaddis, E.] SWCA Environm Consultants, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. [Assaf, H.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. RP McIntosh, BS (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Ctr Water Sci, Coll Rd, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. RI Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015 OI Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763 NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300004 ER EF