FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fenton, SE Mendola, P Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Needham, LL Hines, EP AF Fenton, S. E. Mendola, P. Sjodin, A. Patterson, D. G. Needham, L. L. Hines, E. P. TI Brominated Flame Retardant Levels in Human Milk and Serum from MAMA Study Participants: Preliminary Findings from Correlations over Time and Matrix, and with Questionnaire Results SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Fenton, S. E.; Hines, E. P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Mendola, P.] NICHHD, CDC, Rockville, MD USA. [Sjodin, A.; Patterson, D. G.; Needham, L. L.] NCEH, DLS, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S330 EP S330 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901385 ER PT J AU Fields, NA AF Fields, N. A. TI Challenges and Strategies for Outcome Measurement in the National Children's Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Fields, N. A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S47 EP S47 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900131 ER PT J AU Figueroa, ZI Tulve, NS Egeghy, PP Xue, J AF Figueroa, Z. I. Tulve, N. S. Egeghy, P. P. Xue, J. TI Comparison of Exposure Estimates for Chlorpyrifos Using Three Different Sets of Algorithms SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Figueroa, Z. I.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Arlington, VA USA. [Tulve, N. S.; Egeghy, P. P.; Xue, J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S191 EP S191 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901018 ER PT J AU Garcia, V Ozkaynak, H Dimmick, F Holland, D Hall, E Linn, S AF Garcia, V Ozkaynak, H. Dimmick, F. Holland, D. Hall, E. Linn, S. TI Development of Alternative PM and Ozone Exposure Prediction Methodologies for Environmental Epidemiology and Public Health Tracking Studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Garcia, V; Ozkaynak, H.; Dimmick, F.; Holland, D.; Hall, E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Linn, S.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900099 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, MR Ulrich, EM Chang, DT Dary, CC Tomero-Velez, R AF Goldsmith, M. R. Ulrich, E. M. Chang, D. T. Dary, C. C. Tomero-Velez, R. TI Integrating Stereochemistry into Modern Risk Assessment: Implications for Exposure and Pharmacokinetic Modeling SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Goldsmith, M. R.; Ulrich, E. M.; Tomero-Velez, R.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chang, D. T.; Dary, C. C.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S263 EP S263 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901209 ER PT J AU Gronewold, A Reckhow, K Vallero, D AF Gronewold, A. Reckhow, K. Vallero, D. TI Improving Human and Ecological Exposure Assessments: A Bayesian Network Modeling Approach SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Gronewold, A.; Reckhow, K.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Vallero, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S228 EP S229 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901120 ER PT J AU Hammond, D Dvonch, JT Mentz, G Robbins, T Parker, E Keeler, G Israel, B Yip, F Mukherjee, B Brakefield-Caldwell, W Max, P Lewis, T AF Hammond, D. Dvonch, J. T. Mentz, G. Robbins, T. Parker, E. Keeler, G. Israel, B. Yip, F. Mukherjee, B. Brakefield-Caldwell, W. Max, P. Lewis, T. TI Effects of Source-specific Emissions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Respiratory Symptoms Among Asthmatic Children in Detroit, Michigan SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hammond, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dvonch, J. T.; Mentz, G.; Robbins, T.; Parker, E.; Keeler, G.; Israel, B.; Mukherjee, B.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yip, F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brakefield-Caldwell, W.] Community Act Against Asthma, Detroit, MI USA. [Max, P.] Detroit Dept Wellness & Hlth Promot, Detroit, MI USA. [Lewis, T.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RI Dvonch, Joseph/K-3632-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S174 EP S174 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900496 ER PT J AU Hammond, D Barzyk, T Conlon, K Zartarian, V Schultz, B AF Hammond, D. Barzyk, T. Conlon, K. Zartarian, V Schultz, B. TI Application of GIS Mapping Tools to Prioritize Community Air Pollution Issues SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hammond, D.; Barzyk, T.; Conlon, K.; Zartarian, V; Schultz, B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S173 EP S174 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900495 ER PT J AU Hayes, S AF Hayes, S. TI Evaluating Virulence of Waterborne Bacteria Isolates Using Gene Expression SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hayes, S.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900117 ER PT J AU Henn, BC Argao, ST McMaster, S Padilla, S AF Henn, Claus B. Argao, Tong S. McMaster, S. Padilla, S. TI Salivary Cholinesterase Activity in Children with Organic and Conventional Diets SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Henn, Claus B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Argao, Tong S.; McMaster, S.; Padilla, S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S254 EP S255 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901186 ER PT J AU Henning, C Murphy, D Pekar, Z Lee, M AF Henning, C. Murphy, D. Pekar, Z. Lee, M. TI A Hybrid Mechanistic-Empirical Model for the Accumulation of Lead in Household Dust SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Henning, C.; Lee, M.] ICF Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Murphy, D.; Pekar, Z.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900391 ER PT J AU Hubbell, B AF Hubbell, B. TI Defining Policy-Relevant Research Questions: A US Perspective SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hubbell, B.] US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S71 EP S72 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900217 ER PT J AU Humblet, O Birnbaum, L Rimm, E Mittleman, MA Hauser, R AF Humblet, O. Birnbaum, L. Rimm, E. Mittleman, M. A. Hauser, R. TI Dioxins and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Review SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Humblet, O.; Rimm, E.; Mittleman, M. A.; Hauser, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Birnbaum, L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S135 EP S135 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900393 ER PT J AU Hunt, S Fout, GS Chen, I Wade, TJ Egorov, A AF Hunt, S. Fout, G. S. Chen, I Wade, T. J. Egorov, A. TI Application of a Multiplex Immunoassay for Detection of Salivary Antibody Responses to Selected Potentially Waterborne Pathogens SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Hunt, S.; Fout, G. S.; Chen, I; Egorov, A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wade, T. J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S42 EP S42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900114 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Hakk, H Stapleton, HM Birnbaum, LS AF Huwe, J. K. Hakk, H. Stapleton, H. M. Birnbaum, L. S. TI Tissue Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Rats Following Oral Exposure and the Relationship to Body Burdens SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Huwe, J. K.; Hakk, H.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Stapleton, H. M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Stapleton, H. M.] Duke Univ, Policy Div, Durham, NC USA. [Birnbaum, L. S.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900233 ER PT J AU Johnson, I Hudgens, E Heidenfelder, B Smith, L Mukerjee, S Stallings, C Hamilton, R Neas, L Ozkaynak, H Gallagher, J AF Johnson, I Hudgens, E. Heidenfelder, B. Smith, L. Mukerjee, S. Stallings, C. Hamilton, R. Neas, L. Ozkaynak, H. Gallagher, J. TI Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Circulating Levels of Total and Allergen-Specific IgE Among Children in Detroit, Michigan SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Johnson, I; Hudgens, E.; Heidenfelder, B.; Mukerjee, S.; Neas, L.; Ozkaynak, H.; Gallagher, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, L.; Stallings, C.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hamilton, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S237 EP S237 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901142 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M. TI Characterizing Exposure in Community Health Studies: A Participant-Based Approach to Indoor/Outdoor Air Monitoring SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Johnson, M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900150 ER PT J AU Johnson, MM Smith, L Mukerjee, S Williams, R Hudgens, E Stallings, C Ozkaynak, H Vette, A Croghan, C Neas, L AF Johnson, M. M. Smith, L. Mukerjee, S. Williams, R. Hudgens, E. Stallings, C. Ozkaynak, H. Vette, A. Croghan, C. Neas, L. TI Evaluation of Land-Use Regression Models in Detroit Michigan SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Johnson, M. M.; Mukerjee, S.; Williams, R.; Hudgens, E.; Ozkaynak, H.; Vette, A.; Croghan, C.; Neas, L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, L.; Stallings, C.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S238 EP S238 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901144 ER PT J AU Jones, P Williams, R Croghan, C Vette, A Stevens, C AF Jones, P. Williams, R. Croghan, C. Vette, A. Stevens, C. TI The Impact of Human and Environmental Factors on Personal Exposures to Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Jones, P.; Williams, R.; Croghan, C.; Vette, A.; Stevens, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S103 EP S104 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900309 ER PT J AU Julien, R Adamkiewicz, G Levy, JI Hynes, HP Spengler, JD AF Julien, R. Adamkiewicz, G. Levy, J., I Hynes, H. P. Spengler, J. D. TI A Case Study Examining the Effects of Integrated Pest Management on Pesticide Residues and Residents' Pest Control Practices SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Julien, R.; Spengler, J. D.] US EPA, Boston, MA USA. [Adamkiewicz, G.; Levy, J., I] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hynes, H. P.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RI Levy, Jonathan/A-9102-2008; Levy, Jon/B-4542-2011 OI Levy, Jon/0000-0002-1116-4006 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900110 ER PT J AU Kan, H London, SJ Chen, G Zhang, Y Song, G Jiang, L Zhao, N Chen, B AF Kan, H. London, S. J. Chen, G. Zhang, Y. Song, G. Jiang, L. Zhao, N. Chen, B. TI Season, Gender, Age, and Education as Modifiers of the Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China: The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Kan, H.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, N.; Chen, B.] Fudan Univ, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [London, S. J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chen, G.] Shanghai Environm Monitoring Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Song, G.; Jiang, L.] Shanghai Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900278 ER PT J AU Li, Y Shah, H Diaz-Sanchez, D Gilliland, F AF Li, Y. Shah, H. Diaz-Sanchez, D. Gilliland, F. TI GSTM1 Genotypes Modify the DEP Enhancement of Nasal Responses after Cat-Allergen Challenge SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Li, Y.] China Med Univ, Inst Environm Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan. [Shah, H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, D.] US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gilliland, F.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900365 ER PT J AU Little, JC Xu, Y Hubal, EC Clausen, P AF Little, J. C. Xu, Y. Hubal, Cohen E. Clausen, P. TI Exposure to Phthalate Emitted from Vinyl Flooring and Sorbed to Interior Surfaces, Dust, Airborne Particles and Human Skin SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Little, J. C.; Xu, Y.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hubal, Cohen E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clausen, P.] Natl Res Ctr Working Environm, Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S294 EP S294 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901289 ER PT J AU Liu, S AF Liu, S. TI Using Oracle Application Express for Rapid Development of CHAD Explorer-a Data Mining Tool for Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Liu, S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Liu, S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S261 EP S261 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901205 ER PT J AU Long, TC Johnson, T Cape, J AF Long, T. C. Johnson, T. Cape, J. TI Comparison of Continuous Personal Ozone Measurements to Ambient Concentrations and Exposure Estimates from the APEX-Ozone Exposure Model SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Long, T. C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Johnson, T.] TRJ Environm Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cape, J.] Consultant, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901078 ER PT J AU Lorber, M AF Lorber, M. TI Introduction to Session, and Use of a Simple Pharmacokinetic Model to Characterize Exposures to Perchlorate SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Lorber, M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900225 ER PT J AU Luben, T Messer, L Mendola, P Carozza, S Horel, S Langlois, P AF Luben, T. Messer, L. Mendola, P. Carozza, S. Horel, S. Langlois, P. TI Urban/Rural Differences in Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects in Texas SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Luben, T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Messer, L.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mendola, P.] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Carozza, S.; Horel, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Bryan, TX USA. [Langlois, P.] Texas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Austin, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S102 EP S103 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900306 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Sohn, M Maddalena, R Vallero, D AF McKone, T. E. Sohn, M. Maddalena, R. Vallero, D. TI Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Ecological and Human Exposure Assessment: A Comparison SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [McKone, T. E.; Sohn, M.; Maddalena, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vallero, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S278 EP S278 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901247 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Arnot, J Sohn, M Vallero, D AF McKone, T. E. Arnot, J. Sohn, M. Vallero, D. TI Characterizing Source-to-Dose Relationships for Persistent Pollutants SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [McKone, T. E.; Sohn, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arnot, J.] Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Vallero, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900073 ER PT J AU MeInyk, LJ Hieber, T O'Bryan, E Morgan, J Vonderheide, A AF MeInyk, L. J. Hieber, T. O'Bryan, E. Morgan, J. Vonderheide, A. TI Influence of Activity on Transfer of Pesticides from Contaminated Formica (R) to Foods SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [MeInyk, L. J.; Morgan, J.; Vonderheide, A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hieber, T.] Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH USA. [O'Bryan, E.] Dynamac Corp, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S198 EP S199 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901039 ER PT J AU MeInyk, LJ Stewart, C Hieber, T Morgan, J Vonderheide, A AF MeInyk, L. J. Stewart, C. Hieber, T. Morgan, J. Vonderheide, A. TI Apples: A Standard Food for Determining Potential Residential Pesticide Transfers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [MeInyk, L. J.; Morgan, J.; Vonderheide, A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stewart, C.] Cent State Univ, Wilberforce, OH USA. [Hieber, T.] Natl Council Aging, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S198 EP S198 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901038 ER PT J AU Meng, Q Pinto, J Lau, G Turpin, B Suh, H Wheeler, A AF Meng, Q. Pinto, J. Lau, G. Turpin, B. Suh, H. Wheeler, A. TI Exposures of a Panel of Senior Citizens with COPD to Multiple Air Pollutants in Los Angeles SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Meng, Q.; Pinto, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lau, G.; Turpin, B.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Suh, H.; Wheeler, A.] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S258 EP S259 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901197 ER PT J AU Meng, Q Pinto, J Hanna, A Xiu, A Zhu, Z Robinson, P Yeatts, K AF Meng, Q. Pinto, J. Hanna, A. Xiu, A. Zhu, Z. Robinson, P. Yeatts, K. TI Air Pollution Characterization Based on Air Masses: Implications for Human Exposures SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Meng, Q.; Pinto, J.] US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hanna, A.; Xiu, A.; Zhu, Z.; Robinson, P.; Yeatts, K.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S258 EP S258 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901195 ER PT J AU Meyer, AN Wright, JM AF Meyer, A. N. Wright, J. M. TI Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Disinfection By-Product Concentration SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Meyer, A. N.; Wright, J. M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S260 EP S261 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901203 ER PT J AU Moya, J AF Moya, J. TI Considerations for Using Surrogate Data for Estimating Seafood Consumption Rates SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Moya, J.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900028 ER PT J AU Mukerjec, S Smith, L Chung, K Johnson, M Stallings, C Neas, L AF Mukerjec, S. Smith, L. Chung, K. Johnson, M. Stallings, C. Neas, L. TI Comparison of Land Use Regression Models for NO2 and VOC Exposure Studies in Three Cities SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Mukerjec, S.; Johnson, M.; Neas, L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, L.; Stallings, C.] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC USA. [Chung, K.] US EPA Reg 6, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S131 EP S131 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900384 ER PT J AU Myers, OB Gonzales, M Smith, L Mukerjee, S AF Myers, O. B. Gonzales, M. Smith, L. Mukerjee, S. TI Longitudinal Evaluation of Spatial Exposure Models for El Paso, TX, USA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Myers, O. B.; Gonzales, M.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Smith, L.] Alion Sci & Technol, Durham, NC USA. [Mukerjee, S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S260 EP S260 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901200 ER PT J AU Neas, LM Vette, A Williams, R Gallagher, J Mukerjee, S Hudgens, E Johnson, NI Barzyk, T Baxter, LJ Williams, A AF Neas, L. M. Vette, A. Williams, R. Gallagher, J. Mukerjee, S. Hudgens, E. Johnson, N., I Barzyk, T. Baxter, L. J. Williams, A. TI Near-Roadway Studies in a Northern. Industrial US Metropolitan Area: Exposures and Health Outcomes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Neas, L. M.; Gallagher, J.; Hudgens, E.; Johnson, N., I; Williams, A.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Vette, A.; Williams, R.; Mukerjee, S.; Barzyk, T.; Baxter, L. J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900146 ER PT J AU O'Neill, M Lobdell, D O'Shea, M AF O'Neill, M. Lobdell, D. O'Shea, M. TI Estimating Fish Consumption and Targeting High Risk Consumer Populations in NJ and NY: A Case Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [O'Neill, M.; Lobdell, D.; O'Shea, M.] US EPA, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S18 EP S19 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900027 ER PT J AU Quackenboss, J AF Quackenboss, J. TI Overview and Current Status of the National Children's Study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Quackenboss, J.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900127 ER PT J AU Quackenboss, J AF Quackenboss, J. TI Implications of Emerging Technologies in Observational Exposure Research on Privacy and Confidentiality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Quackenboss, J.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RI Quackenboss, James/I-1960-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900042 ER PT J AU Rappold, AG AF Rappold, A. G. TI Data Assimilation for Epidemiologic Air Exposure Assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Rappold, A. G.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900449 ER PT J AU Raymer, J Marriott, B Olsho, L Michael, L Fennell, T Busby-Whitehead, J Tulve, N Thomas, K AF Raymer, J. Marriott, B. Olsho, L. Michael, L. Fennell, T. Busby-Whitehead, J. Tulve, N. Thomas, K. TI Factors Important to Defining Susceptibility of the Aging Population to the Effects of Environmental Exposures to Environmental Pollutants SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Raymer, J.; Michael, L.; Fennell, T.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Marriott, B.] ABT Associates Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Olsho, L.] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MS USA. [Busby-Whitehead, J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tulve, N.; Thomas, K.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S177 EP S177 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900505 ER PT J AU Reid, CE O'Neill, MS Brines, SJ Gronlund, C Diez-Roux, AV Brown, DG Schwartz, J AF Reid, C. E. O'Neill, M. S. Brines, S. J. Gronlund, C. Diez-Roux, A., V Brown, D. G. Schwartz, J. TI Mapping Community Determinants of Heat Vulnerability SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Reid, C. E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [O'Neill, M. S.; Brines, S. J.; Gronlund, C.; Diez-Roux, A., V; Brown, D. G.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schwartz, J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Brown, Daniel/L-8089-2013 OI Brown, Daniel/0000-0001-6023-5950 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S229 EP S229 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901121 ER PT J AU Reif, DM Heidenfelder, B Edwards, S Gallagher, J Hudgens, E Neas, L Rogers, J Williams, A Hubal, EC AF Reif, D. M. Heidenfelder, B. Edwards, S. Gallagher, J. Hudgens, E. Neas, L. Rogers, J. Williams, A. Hubal, Cohen E. TI Integrating Demographic, Clinical, and Environmental Exposure Information to Identify Genomic Biomarkers Associated with Subtypes of Childhood Asthma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Reif, D. M.; Heidenfelder, B.; Edwards, S.; Gallagher, J.; Hudgens, E.; Neas, L.; Williams, A.; Hubal, Cohen E.] US EPA, Durham, NC USA. [Rogers, J.] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S319 EP S319 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901358 ER PT J AU Resek, E Hall, RE AF Resek, E. Hall, R. E. TI Community-Based Risk Assessment and Capacity Building for Community Decision-Making: Meeting the EPA/OPPTS Tribal Strategic Plan Objective SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Resek, E.; Hall, R. E.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S190 EP S190 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901016 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, A Hartley, S Holder, C Turley, A Graham, S AF Rosenbaum, A. Hartley, S. Holder, C. Turley, A. Graham, S. TI Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Exposure Assessment in Support of US EPA's NAAQS Review: Application of AERMOD and APEX to Philadelphia County SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Rosenbaum, A.] ICF Int, Rohnert Pk, CA USA. [Holder, C.; Turley, A.] ICF Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hartley, S.] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA USA. [Graham, S.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S344 EP S345 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901423 ER PT J AU Ross, JH Tulve, NS Egeghy, PP Lunchick, C Barnekow, D Driver, JH AF Ross, J. H. Tulve, N. S. Egeghy, P. P. Lunchick, C. Barnekow, D. Driver, J. H. TI Relationships Between Environmental Concentrations and Measured Urinary Biomarker Levels SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Ross, J. H.] Infosci Com Inc, Carmichael, CA USA. [Tulve, N. S.; Egeghy, P. P.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lunchick, C.] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Barnekow, D.] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Driver, J. H.] Infosci Com Inc, Manassas, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S134 EP S135 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900392 ER PT J AU Sanchez, YA AF Sanchez, Y. A. TI Community, Environmental Health Assessment: What Is It? How Can I Participate as a Researcher? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Sanchez, Y. A.] US EPA, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S60 EP S60 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900177 ER PT J AU Schneider, A Neas, LM Williams, RW Case, M Hinderliter, A Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, A. Neas, L. M. Williams, R. W. Case, M. Hinderliter, A. Peters, A. Devlin, R. B. TI The Alignment of Immediate Health Effects of Multi-Hour Exposure Periods SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Schneider, A.; Peters, A.] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Muchen, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, L. M.; Case, M.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Williams, R. W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hinderliter, A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S299 EP S300 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901305 ER PT J AU Schneider, AE Neas, L Herbst, MC Williams, RW Case, MJ Cascio, W Hinderliter, A Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, A. E. Neas, L. Herbst, M. C. Williams, R. W. Case, M. J. Cascio, W. Hinderliter, A. Peters, A. Devlin, R. B. TI Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Blood Markers in Association with Exposure to Central-Site and Personally Measured Fine Particles in Diabetic Subjects SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Schneider, A. E.; Peters, A.] Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, L.; Williams, R. W.; Case, M. J.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herbst, M. C.; Hinderliter, A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cascio, W.] E Carolina Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Neuherberg, NC USA. RI Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S159 EP S160 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900458 ER PT J AU Schneider, AE Neas, L Herbst, MC Williams, RW Cascio, W Hinderliter, A Holguin, F Buse, J Dungan, K Styner, M Peters, A Devlin, RB AF Schneider, A. E. Neas, L. Herbst, M. C. Williams, R. W. Cascio, W. Hinderliter, A. Holguin, F. Buse, J. Dungan, K. Styner, M. Peters, A. Devlin, R. B. TI Associations of Endothelial Dysfunction with Exposure to Ambient Fine Particles in Diabetic Subjects: Are the Effects Modified by Patient Characteristics? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Schneider, A. E.; Peters, A.] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. [Neas, L.; Williams, R. W.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herbst, M. C.; Hinderliter, A.; Buse, J.; Dungan, K.; Styner, M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hinderliter, A.] E Carolina Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Cascio, W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Schneider, Alexandra/B-5347-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S152 EP S153 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900439 ER PT J AU Schreinemachers, DM AF Schreinemachers, D. M. TI Hazard Identification of Environmental Pollutants by Combining Results of Ecological and Biomarker Studies: An Example SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Schreinemachers, D. M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900329 ER PT J AU Von Ehrenstein, OS Hines, EP Kato, K Kuklenyik, Z Calafat, AM Fenton, SE AF Von Ehrenstein, O. S. Hines, E. P. Kato, K. Kuklenyik, Z. Calafat, A. M. Fenton, S. E. TI Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Serum and Milk of Breastfeeding North Carolina Women SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Von Ehrenstein, O. S.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hines, E. P.; Fenton, S. E.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kato, K.; Kuklenyik, Z.; Calafat, A. M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S338 EP S339 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901407 ER PT J AU Wilkins, A AF Wilkins, A. TI Overview of Scenarios, Issues, Recommendations & Needs Pertaining to Estimating Fish Consumption Rates for Exposure Assessment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Wilkins, A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900025 ER PT J AU Williams, PR Hubbell, B Weber, E Fehrenbacher, C AF Williams, P. R. Hubbell, B. Weber, E. Fehrenbacher, C. TI A Review and Synthesis of EPA Exposure Models SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Williams, P. R.; Fehrenbacher, C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hubbell, B.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weber, E.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S202 EP S203 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901051 ER PT J AU Williams, R Jones, P Croghan, C Rea, A Wallace, L AF Williams, R. Jones, P. Croghan, C. Rea, A. Wallace, L. TI The Impact of Human and Environmental Factors on Personal PM2.5 Exposures SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Williams, R.; Jones, P.; Croghan, C.; Rea, A.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wallace, L.] US EPA, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S103 EP S103 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900308 ER PT J AU Wilson, WE Mar, TF Koenig, JQ AF Wilson, W. E. Mar, T. F. Koenig, J. Q. TI The Use of Zip Code Level Mortality Data in Community, Time-Series Epidemiology Yields Higher and More Significant Associations of Daily Deaths with Daily PM2.5 and Demonstrates Effect Modifications from Income Level, Proximity to Roads, and Distance from the Monitor SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Wilson, W. E.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mar, T. F.; Koenig, J. Q.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 SU S BP S131 EP S132 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900385 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Hoffman, CS Savitz, DA AF Wright, J. M. Hoffman, C. S. Savitz, D. A. TI Water Intake and Fetal Growth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Wright, J. M.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hoffman, C. S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Savitz, D. A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S299 EP S299 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901303 ER PT J AU Xue, J Zartarian, V Wang, S Georgopoulos, P AF Xue, J. Zartarian, V Wang, S. Georgopoulos, P. TI Model Estimates of Arsenic Exposure and Dose and Evaluation with 2003 NHANES Data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Xue, J.; Zartarian, V] EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wang, S.; Georgopoulos, P.] Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S113 EP S113 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900334 ER PT J AU Yeatts, K Zhu, Z Xiu, A Pinto, J Meng, Q Hanna, A AF Yeatts, K. Zhu, Z. Xiu, A. Pinto, J. Meng, Q. Hanna, A. TI Synoptic Circulation Patterns Associated with Air Pollution and Asthma/Myocardial Infarction Hospital Admissions SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Yeatts, K.; Zhu, Z.; Xiu, A.; Hanna, A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pinto, J.; Meng, Q.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Zhu, Zhengyuan/0000-0002-2266-0646 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S329 EP S329 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901382 ER PT J AU Zartarian, V Xue, J Tulve, N Tomero-Velez, R Glen, G Smith, L AF Zartarian, V Xue, J. Tulve, N. Tomero-Velez, R. Glen, G. Smith, L. TI Application and Evaluation of an Aggregate Physically-Based Two-Stage Monte Carlo Probabilistic Model for Quantifying Children's Residential Exposure and Dose SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Zartarian, V; Xue, J.; Tulve, N.; Tomero-Velez, R.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Glen, G.; Smith, L.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901025 ER PT J AU Zartarian, V Schultz, B Lakin, M Smuts, M AF Zartarian, V Schultz, B. Lakin, M. Smuts, M. TI EPA's Community-Friendly Exposure and Risk Screening Tool SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Zartarian, V; Schultz, B.; Smuts, M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lakin, M.] US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. [Smuts, M.] US EPA, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S188 EP S188 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901010 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Gerlach, RW Tsang, AM Heravi, NE Xue, J Harrison, LS Knaak, JB Johnson, JC Tomero-Velez, R Zartarian, VG Blancato, JN Goldsmith, R Dary, CC AF Zhang, X. Gerlach, R. W. Tsang, A. M. Heravi, N. E. Xue, J. Harrison, L. S. Knaak, J. B. Johnson, J. C. Tomero-Velez, R. Zartarian, V. G. Blancato, J. N. Goldsmith, R. Dary, C. C. TI Cumulative Risk Estimation in Humans after Potential Oral Exposure of Three N-methyl Carbamates: Carbaryl, Aldicarb, and Carbofuran SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Zhang, X.; Gerlach, R. W.; Tsang, A. M.; Heravi, N. E.; Harrison, L. S.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Henderson, NV USA. [Xue, J.; Tomero-Velez, R.; Zartarian, V. G.; Blancato, J. N.; Goldsmith, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Knaak, J. B.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Dary, C. C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S268 EP S268 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191901220 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Bronk, DA Olney, JE AF Hoffman, Joel C. Bronk, Deborah A. Olney, John E. TI Organic matter sources supporting lower food web production in the tidal freshwater portion of the York River estuary, Virginia SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE allochthonous; zooplankton; Eurytemora; Bosmina; Chesapeake Bay ID NITROGEN ISOTOPE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MATTAPONI RIVER; NURSERY HABITAT; CARBON; DELTA-C-13; ROTIFERS AB The Mattaponi River is part of the York River estuary in Chesapeake Bay. Our objective was to identify the organic matter (OM) sources fueling the lower food web in the tidal freshwater and oligohaline portions of the Mattaponi using the stable isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Over 3 years (2002-2004), we measured zooplankton densities and C and N stable isotope ratios during the spring zooplankton bloom. The river was characterized by a May-June zooplankton bloom numerically dominated by the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis and cladocera Bosmina freyi. Cluster analysis of the stable isotope data identified four distinct signatures within the lower food web: freshwater riverine, brackish water, benthic, and terrestrial. The stable isotope signatures of pelagic zooplankton, including E. affinis and B. freyi, were consistent with reliance on a mix of autochthonous and allochthonous OM, including OM derived from vascular plants and humic-rich sediments, whereas macroinvertebrates consistently utilized allochthonous OM. Based on a dual-isotope mixing model, reliance on autochthonous OM by pelagic zooplankton ranged from 20% to 95% of production, declining exponentially with increasing river discharge. The results imply that discharge plays an important role in regulating the energy sources utilized by pelagic zooplankton in the upper estuary. We hypothesize that this is so because during high discharge, particulate organic C loading to the upper estuary increased and phytoplankton biomass decreased, thereby decreasing phytoplankton availability to the food web. C1 [Hoffman, Joel C.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Hoffman, Joel C.; Bronk, Deborah A.; Olney, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hoffman, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM Hoffman.Joel@epa.gov FU National Science Foundation; NOAA Office of Sea; US Department of Commerce [NA03OAR4170084]; Virginia Graduate Marine Science Consortium; Virginia Sea Grant College Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service [F-116-R-6 and 7] FX We thank Deborah Steinberg, Michael Sierszen, John Morrice, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript; Brian Watkins, Patricia Crewe, Kristen Delano, Ashleigh Rhea, and Demetria Christo for field assistance; and Demetria Christo, Melanie Chattin, and David Harris for preparation and analysis of stable isotope samples. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to J. C. Hoffman and sponsored in part by NOAA Office of Sea Grant, US Department of Commerce, under Grant NA03OAR4170084 to the Virginia Graduate Marine Science Consortium and Virginia Sea Grant College Program, with additional support from the Wallop-Breaux program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Marine Recreational Fishing Advisory Board of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission ( Grants F-116-R-6 and 7). This is contribution of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 898 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9073-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 353KN UT WOS:000259565700006 ER PT J AU McGarvey, DJ Ward, GM AF McGarvey, Daniel J. Ward, G. Milton TI Scale dependence in the species-discharge relationship for fishes of the southeastern USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alabama fishes; fish conservation; habitat diversity; longitudinal zonation; species-area relationship ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; UNITED-STATES; STREAM-FISH; RIVER-BASIN; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; LONGITUDINAL ZONATION; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; AREA RELATIONSHIPS AB 1. Species-discharge relationships (SDR) are aquatic analogues of species-area relationships, and are increasingly used in both basic research and conservation planning. SDR studies are often limited, however, by two shortcomings. First, they do not determine whether reported SDRs, which normally use complete drainage basins as sampling units, are scale dependent. Second, they do not account for the effects of habitat diversity within or among samples. 2. We addressed both problems by using discrete fish zones as sampling units in a SDR analysis. To do so, we first tested for longitudinal zonation in three rivers in the southeastern U.S.A. In each river, we detected successive 'lower', 'middle', and 'upper' fish zones, which were characterized by distinct fish assemblages with predictable habitat requirements. Because our analyses combined fish data from multiple sources, we also used rarefaction and Monte Carlo simulation to ensure that our zonation results were robust to spurious sampling effects. 3. Next, we estimated the average discharge within each zone, and plotted these estimates against the respective species richness within each zone (log(10) data). This revealed a significant, linear SDR (r(2) = 0.83; P < 0.01). Notably, this zonal SDR fit the empirical data better than a comparable SDR that did not discriminate among longitudinal zones. We therefore conclude that the southeastern fish SDR is scale dependent, and that accounting for within-basin habitat diversity is an important step in explaining the high diversity of southeastern fishes. 4. We then discuss how our zonal SDR can be used to improve conservation planning. Specifically, we show how the slope of the SDR can be used to forecast potential extinction rates, and how the zonal data can be used to identify species of greatest concern. C1 [McGarvey, Daniel J.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ward, G. Milton] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP McGarvey, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mcgar002@gmail.com RI McGarvey, Daniel/A-7725-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DGE9972810]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; University of Alabama (Department of Biological Sciences) FX Many thanks to Pat O'Neil and Scott Mettee (Geological Survey of Alabama) for generously supplying fish data, with additional permissions from Malcom Pierson, Frank Pezold, and Jon Armbruster. Robert Hughes, Leslie Rissler, and Phil Harris provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Research facilities and funding were provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF/IGERT grant DGE9972810), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR Fellowship and facilities at the Western Ecology Division laboratory), the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Budweiser Conservation Scholarship), and the University of Alabama (Department of Biological Sciences). This work was reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, but may not reflect official Agency policy. NR 91 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 53 IS 11 BP 2206 EP 2219 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02046.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 392DN UT WOS:000262283200007 ER PT J AU Hancock, DB Martin, ER Scott, W AF Hancock, D. B. Martin, E. R. Scott, Wk. TI Potential interactions among NOS genes in Parkinson disease SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY SEP 14-16, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP Int Genet Epidimiol Soc C1 [Hancock, D. B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Martin, E. R.; Scott, Wk.] Univ Miami, Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL USA. RI Hancock, Dana/D-8577-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 MA 89 BP 695 EP 695 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 371ZQ UT WOS:000260871600098 ER PT J AU Preston, RJ AF Preston, R. Julian TI UPDATE ON LINEAR NON-THRESHOLD DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY PROCEDURES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 16-17, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; linear hypothesis; dose; low; computed tomography ID RADIATION; CANCER; RISKS; CT AB Cancer risk estimates are used in the setting of radiation protection standards by international and national organizations, and for this purpose need to be developed for low doses of radiation. The approach has involved extrapolation from cancer mortality and incidence values at higher doses to predict the low-dose estimates. Such an extrapolation has generally involved the use of the linear non-threshold (LNT) theory. Recent reports from the National Research Council (BEIR VII) and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) have considered the appropriateness of the use of LNT for the purposes of radiation protection standard setting. The overall conclusion from both committees was that current scientific evidence remains consistent with the LNT hypothesis, while appreciating that this might not rule out the possibility that other extrapolation models might well be valid but require further evaluation and additional research to establish their validity. The dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) is used for adjustment in the extrapolation from high to low doses and from high to low dose rates. The BEIR VII committee proposed a new Bayesian approach for estimating DDREF and concluded that a value of 1.5 best fit the data. This is a departure from the previously used value of 2, which is still proposed by ICRP in its most recent recommendations. The current cancer risk estimation process as utilized by ICRP and BEIR V11 is used here to assess the potential risks from annual whole-body computed tomography (CT) screens using information and an approach published by Brenner and Ellington. The major conclusion is that potential radiation risks need to be considered along with the pros and cons of the detection limits of the procedure and the impact of false positives. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Preston, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM preston.julian@epa.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 95 IS 5 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000326332.80829.63 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 361WH UT WOS:000260157700011 PM 18849687 ER PT J AU Weilhoefer, CL Pan, YD AF Weilhoefer, Christine L. Pan, Yangdong TI Using change-point analysis and weighted averaging approaches to explore the relationships between common benthic diatoms and in-stream environmental variables in mid-atlantic highlands streams, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE change point analysis; classification and regression trees; diatom; pH; total phosphorus; weighted-average ID COLUMBIA CANADA LAKES; UNITED-STATES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; REGRESSION TREES; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; PHOSPHORUS; PH; CLASSIFICATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB Diatoms are increasingly being used in the bioassessment of aquatic systems. However, autecological information for many common taxa is incomplete. We explored the potential of classification (CT) and regression tree (RT) approaches to identify the hierarchical interaction among water quality variables in predicting the relative abundance of ten common stream diatom taxa in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands ecoregion. RT analysis was also used to identify environmental change points corresponding to major shifts in species abundances. We also used traditional weighted-averaging approaches (WA) to model taxon pH and total phosphorus (TP) optima. RT and WA approaches provided different, yet complementary, information on the complex relationships between common stream diatoms and environmental variables. Both RT and CT highlighted the interaction of stream acidity (pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC)), and TP in structuring the stream diatom assemblage. For the RT of taxa, where pH was an important predictor, higher pH predicted higher relative abundances. In contrast, higher TP predicted lower relative abundances for some diatom taxa (e.g., Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kutz.) Czarnecki), while predicting higher relative abundances for other taxa (e.g., Planothidium lanceolatum (Breb.) Round & Bukht., Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz.) Kutz.). The environmental change point for pH derived from RT analysis was lower than WA optima for all species. We suggest that RT change point analysis can be used to complement traditional WA optima approaches, especially when diatom taxa's abundances are affected by interactive environmental factors, to provide more refined information on stream diatom environmental preferences. C1 [Weilhoefer, Christine L.; Pan, Yangdong] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Weilhoefer, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM weilhoefer.christine@epamail.epa.gov NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2008 VL 614 IS 1 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9511-0 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 353LK UT WOS:000259569000022 ER PT J AU Nelson, WG Brown, CA AF Nelson, Walter G. Brown, Cheryl A. TI Use of probability-based sampling of water-quality indicators in supporting development of quality criteria SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE National Coastal Assessment; probability-based sampling; regional water quality; upwelling; water quality criteria; water quality indicators ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COASTAL OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; OREGON; CHLOROPHYLL AB Intensive, site-based data are typically used to establish protective water-quality criteria, but may only exist for few systems in a region. We examine whether or not water-quality indicator data collected from large-scale, probability-based assessments can support the development of regional quality criteria. Because such indicators may be subject to high natural variation over short time-scales, a key question is whether survey values will be sufficiently similar to site-based sampling to merit use in extrapolating quality criteria spatially. Median values for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and Chl a for dry-season data collected within Yaquina Bay ( OR, USA) over a 7-year period were compared with dry-season datasets collected from two studies comprising 6 and 14 Oregon estuaries, respectively. A second, reduced dataset (August-September only) was compared with data from 38 estuaries within the same ecoregion. All comparisons were made for marine and riverine salinity zones. Medians for Yaquina Bay were higher than those from the comparison surveys. Stochastic variation of coastal upwelling during sampling appears to cause the contrasts. Further work is required to de. ne upwelling-based adjustments for regional, probability-based survey data before they can be used in regulatory applications. However, even without adjustment, these data may help in determining the appropriate regional context for quality criteria. C1 [Nelson, Walter G.; Brown, Cheryl A.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Nelson, WG (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM nelson.walt@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX Extremely helpful comments and editorial suggestions were provided by Claude Belpaire, Stephen Cotterell, Niels Daan, and Jan Kurtz. Colleagues at EPA and other state and federal agencies, too many to name, contributed to the collection of the field data presented, and we thank them for their efforts. Maps were produced by Pat Clinton of EPA. The information in this document has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1421 EP 1427 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn158 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 359GO UT WOS:000259974600008 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, A Araki, S Sakai, R Yokoyama, K Voorhees, AS AF Yamasaki, Akiko Araki, Shunichi Sakai, Ryoji Yokoyama, Kazuhito Voorhees, A. Scott TI Suicide Mortality of Young, Middle-aged and Elderly Males and Females in Japan for the Years 1953-96: Time Series Analysis for the Effects of Unemployment, Female Labour Force, Young and Aged Population, Primary Industry and Population Density SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Suicide; Unemployment; Female labour force; Young and aged population; Japan; Time series analysis ID RATES; PARTICIPATION; TRENDS; AUSTRALIA; HEALTH; MEN; SEX AB Effects of nine social life indicators on age-adjusted and age-specific annual suicide mortality of male and female Japanese population in the years 1953-96 were investigated by multiple regression analysis on time series data. Unemployment rate was significantly related to the age-adjusted mortality in both males and females. Also, female labour force participation was positively related to the male mortality; persons and 65 and above was inversely related to the male mortality. Results on the age-specific mortality indicated that: during the 44 yr, (1) unemployment significantly related with the mortality of young, middle-aged and elderly males and young females; (2) female labour force participation significantly related with the mortality of young and elderly males and young females; aged population significantly related with the mortality of middle-aged and elderly males; (4) young population significantly related with the mortality of young and middle-aged males and females; (5) divorce significantly related with the mortality of middle-aged and elderly males and young males and females; (6) persons employed in primary industries significantly related with the mortality in middle-aged males and young males and females; and (7) population density significantly related with the mortality of middle-aged males and young females. C1 [Yamasaki, Akiko] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Hlth Promot & Human Behav, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Yamasaki, Akiko] Osaka Univ, Res Inst Sustainabil Sci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Araki, Shunichi] NIOSH, Tokyo 2040024, Japan. [Sakai, Ryoji] Union Risk Management Prevent Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Yokoyama, Kazuhito] Mie Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. [Voorhees, A. Scott] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Yamasaki, A (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Hlth Promot & Human Behav, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. EM otsu-tky@umin.ac.jp NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 6 BP 541 EP 549 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377UU UT WOS:000261277200004 PM 19088406 ER PT J AU Kleinstreuer, C Zhang, Z Li, Z Roberts, WL Rojas, C AF Kleinstreuer, Clement Zhang, Zhe Li, Zheng Roberts, William L. Rojas, Carlye TI A new methodology for targeting drug-aerosols in the human respiratory system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Drug-aerosol inhalers; Targeted drug-aerosol delivery; Methodology for smart inhaler system; Experimental verification of new methodology ID METERED-DOSE INHALER; UPPER AIRWAY MODEL; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; FLOW STRUCTURES; PATTERNS; TRANSPORT; FIELDS; CFC AB Inhalation of medicine for the treatment of lung and other diseases is becoming more and more a preferred option when compared to injection or oral intake. Unfortunately, existing devices such as the popular pressurized metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers have rather low deposition efficiencies and their drug-aerosol deliveries are non-directional. This is acceptable when the medicine is inexpensive and does not cause systemic side effects, as it may be the case for patients with mild asthma. However, the delivery of aggressive chemicals, or expensive insulin, vaccines and genetic material embedded in porous particles or droplets requires optimal targeting of such inhaled drug-aerosols to predetermined lung areas. The new methodology introduces the idea of a controlled air-particle stream which provides maximum, patient-specific drug-aerosol deposition based on optimal particle diameter and density, inhalation waveform, and particle-release position. The efficacy of the new methodology is demonstrated with experimentally validated computer simulations of two-phase flow in a human oral airway model with two different sets of tracheobronchial airways. Physical insight to the dynamics of the controlled air-particle stream is provided as well. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleinstreuer, Clement; Zhang, Zhe; Li, Zheng; Roberts, William L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kleinstreuer, Clement] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rojas, Carlye] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleinstreuer, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ck@eos.ncsu.edu RI Zhang, Zhe/B-3769-2012 FU NIH [8R21EB006717-02] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. C.S. Kim (Human Studies Division, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC for providing instrumentation and laboratory space to conduct the reported experiments. Use of the particle-inlet nozzle, courtesy of Prof. S.T. Seelecke (MAE Dept., NCSU, Raleigh, NC, is acknowledge as well. This effort was sponsored by the NIH grant 8R21EB006717-02. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 51 IS 23-24 BP 5578 EP 5589 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.04.052 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 370IK UT WOS:000260755700011 ER PT J AU Boyd, GR Dewis, KM Korshin, GV Reiber, SH Schock, MR Sandvig, AM Giani, R AF Boyd, Glen R. Dewis, Kylee M. Korshin, Gregory V. Reiber, Steven H. Schock, Michael R. Sandvig, Anne M. Giani, Richard TI Effects of changing disinfectants on lead and copper release SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; DRINKING-WATER DISTRIBUTION; BY-PRODUCT RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; PLUMBING MATERIALS; CORROSION CONTROL; FREE CHLORINE; MONOCHLORAMINE; PB; CHLORAMINES AB Utilities face new challenges as they strive to comply with multiple, simultaneous regulations aimed at enhancing drinking water quality. For example, many utilities must comply with regulations for both corrosion control and residual disinfection. Today utilities are considering converting from free chlorine to chloramines for greater residual stability and better compliance with the Total Coliform Rule as well as the more stringent requirements of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule. This article identifies several key issues for predicting the effects of disinfectant change on lead and copper corrosion and release into drinking water supplies based on information currently available in the literature. The key issues associated with a change in disinfectant that potentially could affect corrosion and lead and copper release in drinking water systems are identified in order to provide a better understanding of potential water quality effects associated with a change in disinfectant. This information can help utilities assess their systems' potential risk of lead and copper release after implementing a change in disinfectant.-MKK C1 [Boyd, Glen R.; Dewis, Kylee M.; Reiber, Steven H.; Sandvig, Anne M.] HDR Engn Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. [Korshin, Gregory V.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Giani, Richard] Dist Columbia Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC USA. RP Boyd, GR (reprint author), HDR Engn Inc, 500 108th Ave,Ste 1200, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. EM glen.boyd@hdrinc.com FU Awwa Research Foundation [3107]; Washington Aqueduct Division; US Army Corps of Engineers; Marin Municipal Water District; Newport News Department of Public Utilities FX This review was funded by the Awwa Research Foundation and is based on part I of the report for project 3107 (Boyd et al, 2006). The authors a 3 re grateful for contributions from the District Of Columbia later and Sewer Authority, Seattle Public Utilities, Washington Aqueduct Division, US Army Corps of Engineers, Marin Municipal Water District, and Newport News Department of Public Utilities. The authors appreciate advice offered by AwwaRF project manager, Traci Case; project advisory committee members Pete Greiner, Bill Maier, and Matthew Smith; and technical advisors Gregory Kirmeyer, Ronald Hunsinger, and Jack DeMarco. The authors also thank to Carrie Gibson, Julie Self, and Barb Whiton. NR 74 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 100 IS 11 BP 75 EP + PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 377TP UT WOS:000261273800012 ER PT J AU Murray, R Janke, R Hart, WE Berry, JW Taxon, T Uber, J AF Murray, Regan Janke, Robert Hart, William E. Berry, Jonathan W. Taxon, Tom Uber, James TI Sensor network design of contamination warning systems: A decision framework SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL WATER NETWORKS; DETECTING ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATIONS; MONITORING STATIONS; DRINKING-WATER; PLACEMENT; SECURITY AB The authors describe a decision framework for selecting sensor monitoring locations for a contamination warning system. Using the threat ensemble Vulnerability assessment and sensor placement optimization tool (TEVA-SPOT) to determine sensor placement, a utility can eliminate the guessing game of where to best locate sensors. Specifically, sensor locations can be selected to protect against various contamination threats and optimize the security objectives important to the utility while at the same time restricting possible monitoring locations to a set of locations identified as feasible by the water utility. To implement TEVA-SPOT successfully, utilities will need to have an accurate and up-to-date hydraulic and quality network model and be willing to commit personnel to investigate potential sensor locations. By following the approach detailed in this article, water utilities can gain an understanding of contamination incidents' potential effects on public health and utility infrastructure as well as insight into the ways a contamination warning system can mitigate these effects.-MPM. C1 [Murray, Regan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Berry, Jonathan W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Taxon, Tom] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Uber, James] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Murray, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS NG 16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM murray.regan@epa.gov RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 100 IS 11 BP 97 EP 109 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 377TP UT WOS:000261273800014 ER PT J AU Riemer, DD Apel, EC Orlando, JJ Tyndall, GS Brune, WH Williams, EJ Lonneman, WA Neece, JD AF Riemer, Daniel D. Apel, Eric C. Orlando, John J. Tyndall, Geoffrey S. Brune, William H. Williams, Eric J. Lonneman, William A. Neece, James D. TI Unique isoprene oxidation products demonstrate chlorine atom chemistry occurs in the Houston, Texas urban area SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chlorine atoms; Chloromethylbutenal; Chloromethylbutenone; Isoprene; Ozone; Urban air quality ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; OZONE FORMATION; SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RESPONSE FACTORS; TROPOSPHERIC OH; FORESTED SITE; CL-ATOMS; MECHANISM AB As part of the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS), we studied the isoprene oxidation process under ambient conditions to discern the presence of chlorine atom (Cl) chemistry in the Houston, Texas urban area. By measuring chloromethylbutenone (CMBO) and an isomer of chloromethylbutenal (CMBA), we clearly observed sixteen episodes of active Cl chemistry during the 24-day experiment. Estimated median Cl concentration during each of these episodes was between the detection limit of similar to 10(2) atoms cm(-3) and 50(-30)(+70) x 10(4) atoms cm(-3). Cl concentration during all the episodes averaged 7.6(-2.0)(+4.7) x 10(4) atoms cm(-3) and thus amounted to less than 3% of the OH concentration during the same periods. During the episodes, the fraction of oxidation chemistry initiated by Cl ranged from 3-43% and was strongly dependent on the quantity and type of hydrocarbons present in the atmosphere. Because of its intermittent presence and low concentration, Cl is not a broadly influential oxidant in the Houston, Texas urban area. C1 [Riemer, Daniel D.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Apel, Eric C.; Orlando, John J.; Tyndall, Geoffrey S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Williams, Eric J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lonneman, William A.] US EPA, SEE Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Neece, James D.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Riemer, DD (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM driemer@rsmas.miami.edu RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC); Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ); NSF; NCAR Advanced Study Program FX D. Riemer gratefully acknowledges project support from the former Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC), now known as the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). He also appreciates the substantial early support provided by the NSF sponsored NCAR Advanced Study Program. Dr. Elliot Atlas provided assistance with the GC/AED analyses. We acknowledge the helpful suggestions by two anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 EI 1573-0662 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s10874-009-9134-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 503ZV UT WOS:000270582600003 ER PT J AU Gawel, D Hamilton, MD Schaaper, RM AF Gawel, Damian Hamilton, Michael D. Schaaper, Roel M. TI A Novel Mutator of Escherichia coli Carrying a Defect in the dgt Gene, Encoding a dGTP Triphosphohydrolase SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYGUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE TRIPHOSPHOHYDROLASE; DNA MISMATCH-REPAIR; ADAPTIVE MUTATION; REPLICATION FIDELITY; INDUCED MUTAGENESIS; BASE SUBSTITUTIONS; NUDIX HYDROLASES; POLYMERASE-IV; 1.2 PROTEIN; MUTT AB A novel mutator locus in Escherichia coli was identified from a collection of random transposon insertion mutants. Several mutators in this collection were found to have an insertion in the dgt gene, encoding a previously characterized dGTP triphosphohydrolase. The mutator activity of the dgt mutants displays an unusual specificity. Among the six possible base pair substitutions in a lacZ reversion system, the G center dot C -> C center dot G transversion and A center dot T -> G center dot C transition are strongly enhanced (10- to 50-fold), while a modest effect (two- to threefold) is also observed for the G center dot C -> A center dot T transition. Interestingly, a two- to threefold reduction in mutant frequency (antimutator effect) is observed for the G center dot C -> T center dot A transversion. In the absence of DNA mismatch repair (mutL) some of these effects are reduced or abolished, while other effects remain unchanged. Analysis of these effects, combined with the DNA sequence contexts in which the reversions take place, suggests that alterations of the dGTP pools as well as alterations in the level of some modified dNTP derivatives could affect the fidelity of in vivo DNA replication and, hence, account for the overall mutator effects. C1 [Gawel, Damian; Hamilton, Michael D.; Schaaper, Roel M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schaaper, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM schaaper@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We thank S. Covo and Z. Pursell of the NIEHS for their helpful review of the manuscript for this paper and Sean Moore for his help in constructing the strains containing the chromosomal lacZ alleles. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 190 IS 21 BP 6931 EP 6939 DI 10.1128/JB.00935-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 361ZF UT WOS:000260166900001 PM 18776019 ER PT J AU Gibbs, SG Meckes, MC Ortiz, M Green, CF Scarpino, PV AF Gibbs, Shawn G. Meckes, Mark C. Ortiz, Melchor Green, Christopher F. Scarpino, Pasquale V. TI Evaluation of the inhibition of culturable Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, or Aeromonas hydrophilia by an existing drinking water biofilm SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofilm; drinking water; microorganisms ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; POTABLE WATER; BACTERIA; GROWTH; PERSISTENCE; SURVIVAL AB Biofilms in potable water distribution systems consist of microorganisms that can survive and grow under the low nutrient concentrations commonly found within water distribution systems. This experiment evaluated the ability of an existing biofilm to reduce the number of introduced microorganisms adhered to materials in an aquatic environment. Ductile iron biofilm sampling coupons were separated into two groups, one had existing biofilm (pre-colonized) and tilt: second group of coupons had no biofilm present (control). Biofilm sampling coupons were challenged by suspensions of individual study organisms consisting of Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, or Aeromonas hydrophilia. and a sterile solution (control). Densities of culturable study organisms on control coupons were compared to densities of these same culturable organisms on biofilm pre-colonized coupons. Results demonstrate that drinking water distribution systems may be vulnerable to the development of potentially pathogenic bacteria in biofilm when lines are initially placed in service. Conclusions are that existing biofilm may serve as a barrier to introduced study organisms. C1 [Gibbs, Shawn G.; Ortiz, Melchor] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. [Meckes, Mark C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Green, Christopher F.; Scarpino, Pasquale V.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Gibbs, SG (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso Reg Campus,1100 N Stanton, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. EM shawn.g.gibbs@uth.tmc.edu FU USEPA [CT 827245]; Susan Navarro and the Hispanic Health Disparities Research Center [P20 MD000548] FX This project could not have been completed without the help of Robin Richardson and Sri Panguluri of the Shaw Group. Cliff Johnson, Laura Boczek, Keith Kelty, Leslie Wilsong, and Roy Haught of the USEPA in Cincinnati gave invaluable assistance. This study was funded in part by an USEPA Graduate Research Traineeship under Cooperative Agreement CT 827245. Editorial support was provided by Susan Navarro and the Hispanic Health Disparities Research Center (P20 MD000548 NIH/NCMHD). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 7 IS 6 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1139/S08-028 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 385EN UT WOS:000261796300001 ER PT J AU Hollister, JW Walker, HA Paul, JF AF Hollister, Jeffrey W. Walker, Henry A. Paul, John F. TI CProb: A Computational Tool for Conducting Conditional Probability Analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROSOFT EXCEL 2003; MID-ATLANTIC; SEDIMENT; ACCURACY AB Conditional probability is the probability of observing one event given that another event has occurred. In an environmental context, conditional probability helps to assess the association between an environmental contaminant (i.e., the stressor) and the ecological condition of a resource (i.e., the response). These analyses, when combined with controlled experiments and other methodologies, show great promise in evaluating ecological conditions from observational data and in defining water quality and other environmental criteria. Current applications of conditional probability analysis (CPA) are largely done via scripts or cumbersome spreadsheet routines, which may prove daunting to end-users and do not provide access to the underlying scripts. Combining spreadsheets with scripts eases computation through a familiar interface (i.e., Microsoft Excel) and creates a transparent process through full accessibility to the scripts. With this in mind, we developed a software application, CProb, as an Add-in for Microsoft Excel with R, R(D)com Server, and Visual Basic for Applications. CProb calculates and plots scatterplots, empirical cumulative distribution functions, and conditional probability. In this short communication, we describe CPA, our motivation for developing a CPA tool, and our implementation of CPA as a Microsoft Excel Add-in. Further, we illustrate the use of our software with two examples: a water quality example and a landscape example. CProb is freely available for download at http://www.epa.gov/emap/nca/html/regions/cprob. C1 [Hollister, Jeffrey W.; Walker, Henry A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Paul, John F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hollister, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Hollister.jeff@epa.gov OI Hollister, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9254-9740 FU USEPA; Atlantic Ecology Division [AED-07-095]; Office of Research and Development; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory FX We Would like to thank Sandra Benyi, Anita Morzillo, and Patricia Shaw-Allen for their thoughtful reviews. They greatly enhanced the quality of the manuscript and of CProb. Also, We Would like to thank the environmental managers who have used and given feedback on CProb. The research described in this paper has been funded by the USEPA. This paper has not been subjected to USEPA review. Therefore, it does not necessary reflect the views of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does nor constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number AED-07-095 of the Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2392 EP 2396 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0536 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800043 PM 18948494 ER PT J AU Rodes, CE Pellizzari, ED Dellarco, MJ Erickson, MD Vallero, DA Reissman, DB Lioy, PJ Lippmann, M Burke, TA Goldstein, BD AF Rodes, Charles E. Pellizzari, Edo D. Dellarco, Michael J. Erickson, Mitchell D. Vallero, Daniel A. Reissman, Dori B. Lioy, Paul J. Lippmann, Morton Burke, Thomas A. Goldstein, Bernard D. TI ISEA2007 panel: Integration of better exposure characterizations into disaster preparedness for responders and the public SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE disaster; exposure assessment; personal exposure; risk AB An expert panel was convened in October 2007 at the International Society for Exposure Analysis Annual Meeting in Durham, NC, entitled "The Path Forward in Disaster Preparedness Since WTC-Exposure Characterization and Mitigation: Substantial Unfinished Business!" The panel prospectively discussed the critical exposure issues being overlooked during disaster responses and highlighted the needs for an optimal blending of exposure characterizations and hazard controls within disaster settings. The cases were made that effective and timely exposure characterizations must be applied during responses to any disaster, whether terrorist, manmade, or natural in origin. The consistent application of exposure sciences across acute and chronic disaster timelines will assure that the most effective strategies are applied to collect the needed information to guide risk characterization and management approaches. Exposure sciences must be effectively applied across all phases of a disaster (defined as rescue, reentry, recovery, and rehabitation-the four Rs) to appropriately characterize risks and guide risk-mitigation approaches. Failure to adequately characterize and control hazardous exposures increases the likelihood of excess morbidity and mortality. Advancing the infrastructure and the technologies to collect the right exposure information before, during, and immediately after disasters would advance our ability to de. ne risks and protect responders and the public better. The panel provided conclusions, recommendations, and next steps toward effective and timely integration of better exposure science into disaster preparedness, including the need for a subsequent workshop to facilitate this integration. All panel presentations and a summary were uploaded to the ISES1 website (http://www.iseaweb.org/Disaster_Preparedness/index.php). C1 [Rodes, Charles E.] RTI Int, CAT ATEEP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dellarco, Michael J.] NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Erickson, Mitchell D.] Sci & Technol Directorate, Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Vallero, Daniel A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Reissman, Dori B.] NIOSH, CDC, Washington, DC USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] RWJMS, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lioy, Paul J.] Rutgers Univ UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lippmann, Morton] NYU Med Ctr, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Goldstein, Bernard D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Rodes, CE (reprint author), RTI Int, CAT ATEEP, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,Bldg 11 Room 409, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM charlesr@rti.org RI Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.42 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 364CJ UT WOS:000260313500006 PM 18685563 ER PT J AU Manale, AP AF Manale, Andrew P. TI Steering conservation's course using adaptive management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Manale, AP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 183A EP 184A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.183A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000004 ER PT J AU Duriancik, LF Bucks, D Dobrowolski, JP Drewes, T Eckles, SD Jolley, L Kellogg, RL Lund, D Makuch, JR O'Neill, MP Rewa, CA Walbridge, MR Parry, R Weltz, MA AF Duriancik, Lisa F. Bucks, Date Dobrowolski, James P. Drewes, Tom Eckles, S. Diane Jolley, Leonard Kellogg, Robert L. Lund, Daryl Makuch, Joseph R. O'Neill, Michael P. Rewa, Charles A. Walbridge, Mark R. Parry, Roberta Weltz, Mark A. TI The first five years of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Duriancik, Lisa F.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Resources Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD USA. [Bucks, Date] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dobrowolski, James P.] USDA Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv CSREES, Washington, DC USA. [Makuch, Joseph R.] USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Water Qual Informat Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Parry, Roberta] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Weltz, Mark A.] ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. RP Duriancik, LF (reprint author), USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Resources Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 185A EP 188A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.185A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000005 ER PT J AU Hayes, SL Sivaganesan, M White, KM Pfaller, SL AF Hayes, S. L. Sivaganesan, M. White, K. M. Pfaller, S. L. TI Assessing the effectiveness of low-pressure ultraviolet light for inactivating Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) micro-organisms SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drinking water; kinetics; mycobacteria; repair; ultraviolet inactivation ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; BENCH-SCALE; WATER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IRRADIATION; PHOTOREACTIVATION; INTRACELLULARE; EXPOSURE; BACTERIA; TERRAE AB Aims: To assess low-pressure ultraviolet light (LP-UV) inactivation kinetics of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) strains in a water matrix using collimated beam apparatus. Methods and Results: Strains of M. avium (n = 3) and Mycobacterium intracellulare (n = 2) were exposed to LP-UV, and log(10) inactivation and inactivation kinetics were evaluated. All strains exhibited greater than 4 log(10) inactivation at fluences of less than 20 mJ cm(-2). Repair potential was evaluated using one M. avium strain. Light repair was evaluated by simultaneous exposure using visible and LP-UV irradiation. Dark repair was evaluated by incubating UV-exposed organisms in the dark for 4 h. The isolate did not exhibit light or dark repair activity. Conclusions: Results indicate that MAC organisms are readily inactivated at UV fluences typically used in drinking water treatment. Differences in activation kinetics were small but statistically significant between some tested isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study: Results provide LP-UV inactivation kinetics for isolates from the relatively resistant MAC. Although UV inactivation of Mycobaterium species have been reported previously, data collected in this effort are comparable with recent UV inactivation research efforts performed in a similar manner. Data were assessed using a rigorous statistical approach and were useful towards modelling efforts. C1 [Hayes, S. L.; Sivaganesan, M.; White, K. M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pfaller, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hayes, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hayes.sam@epa.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02442.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 361PD UT WOS:000260138700005 PM 19146526 ER PT J AU Kinyamu, HK Collins, JB Grissom, SF Hebbar, PB Archer, TK AF Kinyamu, H. Karimi Collins, Jennifer B. Grissom, Sherry F. Hebbar, Pratibha B. Archer, Trevor K. TI Genome Wide Transcriptional Profiling in Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Distinct Changes in Hormone Receptor Target Genes and Chromatin Modifying Enzymes After Proteasome inhibition SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE proteasome inhibitor; receptors; glucocorticoid; estrogen; gene expression profiling; microarray analysis ID GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION; PROSTATE-CANCER; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; CERVICAL-CANCER; HUMAN-DISEASES; EXPRESSION; UBIQUITIN AB Steroid hormone receptors, like glucocorticoid (GR) and estrogen receptors (ER), are master regulators of genes that control many biological processes implicated in health and disease. Gene expression is dependent on receptor levels which are tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Previous studies have shown that proteasome inhibition increases GR, but decreases ER-mediated gene expression. At the gene expression level this divergent role of the proteasome in receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation is not well understood. We have used a genomic approach to examine the impact of proteasome activity on GR- and ER-mediated gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or 17 beta-estradiol (E2), the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (MG) or MG132 and either hormone (MID or ME2) for 24 h. Transcript profiling reveals that inhibiting proteasome activity modulates gene expression by GR and ER in a similar manner in that several GR and ER target genes are upregulated and downregulated after proteasome inhibition. In addition, proteasome inhibition modulates receptor-dependent genes involved in the etiology of a number of human pathological states, including multiple myeloma, leukemia, breast/prostate cancer, HIV/AIDS, and neurodegenerative disorders. Importantly, our analysis reveals that a number of transcripts encoding histone and DNA modifying enzymes, prominently histone/DNA methyltransf erases and demethylases, are altered after proteasome inhibition. As proteasome inhibitors are currently in clinical trials as therapy for multiple myeloma, HIV/AIDS and leukemia, the possibility that some of the target molecules are hormone regulated and chromatin modifying enzymes is intriguing in this era of epigenetic therapy. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Kinyamu, H. Karimi; Hebbar, Pratibha B.; Archer, Trevor K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Collins, Jennifer B.; Grissom, Sherry F.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kinyamu, HK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 Alexander Dr,POB 12233,MD C4-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIH; NIEHS FX We are deeply grateful to Dr. Pierre Bushel (Biostatistics Branch, NIEHS) for providing help with the statistical analysis and rewriting the methods section to answer the reviewers concerns. We thank Wendy Jefferson and Sylvia Hewitt for helpful comments in organizing the paper. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIH and NIEHS. NR 83 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 11 BP 845 EP 885 DI 10.1002/mc.20440 PG 41 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 371BZ UT WOS:000260808100004 PM 18381591 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SA George, MH Moore, T Ross, JA AF Leavitt, Sharon A. George, Michael H. Moore, Tanya Ross, Jeffrey A. TI Mutations induced by benzo[a] pyrene and dibenzo[a,l] pyrene in lacI transgenic B6C3F1 mouse lung result from stable DNA adducts SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PAH O-QUINONES; ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; RADICAL CATIONS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; IN-VITRO; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; MICE; SKIN AB Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) and benzo[a] pyrene (B[a]P) are carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are each capable of forming a variety of covalent adducts with DNA. Some of the DNA adducts formed by these PAHs have been demonstrated to spontaneously depurinate, producing apurinic (AP) sites. The significance of the formation of AP sites as a key event in the production of mutations and tumours by PAHs has been a subject of ongoing investigations. Because cells have efficient and accurate mechanisms for repairing background levels of AP sites, the contribution of PAH-induced AP site mutagenesis is expected to be maximal in conditions where those induced AP sites are produced in significant excess of the endogenous AP sites. In this study, we investigated the effect of two dosing regimens on the mutagenicity of DB[a,l]P and B[a]P in vivo using the Big Blue (R) transgenic mouse system. We compared administration of a single highly tumorigenic dose of each PAH with a fractionated delivery of the same total dose administered over 5 days, with the expectation that PAH-induced AP sites would be produced at a greater margin above background levels in animals receiving the high single dose than in the animals receiving the fractionated doses. Treatment with DB[a,l]P yielded a 2.5-fold (single dose) to 3-fold (fractionated dose) increase in mutant frequencies relative to controls. Both single-dose and fractionated dose treatment regimens with B[a]P produced about a 15-fold increase in mutant frequencies compared to controls. The mutations induced by B[a]P and DB[a,l]P correlated with the stable covalent DNA adducts produced by each. These mutation results are consistent with the previously identified stable covalent DNA adducts being the promutagenic lesions produced by these two PAHs and do not support a major role for depurinating adducts, contributing to PAH-induced mutagenesis in mouse lung in vivo. C1 [Leavitt, Sharon A.; George, Michael H.; Moore, Tanya; Ross, Jeffrey A.] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ross, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, MD B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ross.jeffrey@epa.gov OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 EI 1464-3804 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1093/mutage/gen033 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 367NE UT WOS:000260557900003 PM 18573814 ER PT J AU Taniura, S Kamitani, H Watanabe, T Eling, TE AF Taniura, Seijiro Kamitani, Hideki Watanabe, Takashi Eling, Thomas E. TI Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Interleukin-1 beta in Human Glioma Cell Line, U87MG SO NEUROLOGIA MEDICO-CHIRURGICA LA English DT Article DE cyclooxygenase-2; interleukin-1 beta; glioma ID HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS; SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA-CELLS; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; P53; APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN; INHIBITION; ASTROCYTES; CANCER AB Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in most high-grade gliomas, and high COX-2 expression is associated with aggressive character and poor prognosis. However, the effect of COX-2 in human glioma cell lines is not well known. This study examined the effect of several stimuli, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and carcinogens, on COX-2 induction in normal astrocyte cells and human glioma cell lines U87MG, A172, and T98G. IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 expression strongly at both protein and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in only the U87MG cells of the glioma cell lines. Furthermore, carcinogen induced COX-2 expression. Similar findings were also observed in normal human astrocyte cells. The U87MG glioma cell line is a good model for COX-2 induction in glioma cell lines. C1 [Taniura, Seijiro; Kamitani, Hideki; Watanabe, Takashi] Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Inst Neurol Sci, Dept Neurosurg, Yonago, Tottori 683, Japan. [Eling, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Taniura, S (reprint author), Takashima Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, 6 Nishi Cho, Tottori 6830826, Japan. EM taniura@sanmedia.or.jp FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES010016-09] NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN NEUROSURGICAL SOC PI TOKYO PA C/O AKAMON-MAE IWATA BLDG, 5-27-8 HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0470-8105 J9 NEUROL MED-CHIR JI Neurol. Med.-Chir. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 48 IS 11 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.2176/nmc.48.500 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 372UZ UT WOS:000260928800011 PM 19029777 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CS Messer, LC Mendola, P Savitz, DA Herring, AH Hartmann, KE AF Hoffman, Caroline S. Messer, Lynne C. Mendola, Pauline Savitz, David A. Herring, Amy H. Hartmann, Katherine E. TI Comparison of gestational age at birth based on last menstrual period and ultrasound during the first trimester SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestational age; measurement; accuracy; LMP; ultrasound estimates; maternal age; ethnic group; preterm; post-term; bias ID CROWN-RUMP LENGTH; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; ROUTINE ULTRASOUND; PRETERM BIRTH; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SELECTION; RECORDS; DATE AB Reported last menstrual period (LMP) is commonly used to estimate gestational age (GA) but may be unreliable. Ultrasound in the first trimester is generally considered a highly accurate method of pregnancy dating. The authors compared first trimester report of LMP and first trimester ultrasound for estimating GA at birth and examined whether disagreement between estimates varied by maternal and infant characteristics. Analyses included 1867 singleton livebirths to women enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort. The authors computed the difference between LMP and ultrasound GA estimates (GA difference) and examined the proportion of births within categories of GA difference stratified by maternal and infant characteristics. The proportion of births classified as preterm, term and post-term by pregnancy dating methods was also examined. LMP-based estimates were 0.8 days (standard deviation = 8.0, median = 0) longer on average than ultrasound estimates. LMP classified more births as post-term than ultrasound (4.0% vs. 0.7%). GA difference was greater among young women, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, women of non-optimal body weight and mothers of low-birthweight infants. Results indicate first trimester report of LMP reasonably approximates gestational age obtained from first trimester ultrasound, but the degree of discrepancy between estimates varies by important maternal characteristics. C1 [Hoffman, Caroline S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Messer, Lynne C.; Mendola, Pauline] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Savitz, David A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Hoffman, CS (reprint author), NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dilworthch@niehs.nih.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF); U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [CR825625-01, CR827268-01, CR828216-01]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES10126]; NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training [EPA CT8229471, CR83323601] FX This study was funded jointly by the Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF) and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under Cooperative Agreement Nos. CR825625-01, CR827268-01 and CR828216-01, a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES10126), and the NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training grant in Environmental Sciences Research (EPA CT8229471 and CR83323601). NR 34 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00965.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 357AH UT WOS:000259818200012 PM 19000297 ER PT J AU Ilames, JS Congalton, RG Pilant, AN Lewis, TE AF Ilames, J. S. Congalton, R. G. Pilant, A. N. Lewis, T. E. TI Leaf Area Index (LAI) Change Detection Analysis on Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Following Complete Understory Removal SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; VEGETATION INDEXES; FOREST STANDS; RAPID ESTIMATION; CANOPY STRUCTURE; PONDEROSA PINE; CONIFER; REFLECTANCE; LANDSAT; VALIDATION AB The confounding effect of understory vegetation contributions to satellite-derived estimates of leaf area index (LAI) was investigated on two loblolly pine (Pines taeda) forest stands located in Virginia and North Carolina. In order to separate NDVI contributions of the dominant-codominate crown class from that of the understroy, two P. taeda 1 ha plots centered in planted stands of ages 19 and 23 years with similar crown closures (71 percent) were analyzed for in situ LAI and NDVI differences following a complete understory removal at the peak period of LAI. Understory vegetation was removed from both stands using mechanical harvest and herbicide application in late July and early August 2002. Ikonos data was acquired both prior and subsequent to understory removal and were evaluated for NDVI response. Total vegetative biomass removed under the canopies was estimated using the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC) instrument combined with digital hemispherical photography (DHP). Within-image NDVI change detection analysis (CDA) on the Virginia site showed that the percentage of removed understory (LAI) detected by the Ikonos sensor was 5.0 percent when compared to an actual in situ LAI reduction of 10.0 percent. The North Carolina site results showed a smaller percentage of reduced understory LAI detected by the Ikonos sensor (1.8 percent) when compared to the actual LAI reduction as measured in situ (17.4 percent). Image-to-image NDVI CDA proved problematic due to the time period between the Ikonos image collections (2.5 to 3 months). Sensor and solar position differences between the two collections, along with pine LAI increases through multiple needle flush, exaggerated NDVI reductions when compared to in situ data. C1 [Ilames, J. S.; Congalton, R. G.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Congalton, R. G.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lewis, T. E.] US Army Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Ilames, JS (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM iiames.john@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to Jerry Hansen of International Paper Corporation and Vick Ford of Mead-Westvaco who facilitated access to the Appomattox and Hertford sites. Ikonos imagery was provided through the NASA Data Buy Program managed by Jeff Morisette and Jaime Nickeson. In addition, John Duncan, Malcolm Wilkins, Milton Bowen, arid Govind Gawdi provided network and logistical support. Administrative, statistical, and technical support was given by John Lyon, L. Dorsey Worthy, Ross Lunetta, David Holland, Megan. Mehaffey, jayantha Ediriwickrema, and Joe Knight. Lastly, we would like. to thank three anonymous reviewers who provided input to this article as well as the UNH Dissertation Committee who critiqued the initial study design and results: John D. Aber, Mark f. Ducey, Mary E. Martin, and M.L. Smith. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded and conducted the research described in this paper. It has been subject to the Agency's programmatic review and has been approved for publication. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1389 EP 1400 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 370AH UT WOS:000260734500011 ER PT J AU Sierra-Santoyo, A Castaneda-Hernandez, G Harrison, RA Barton, HA Hughes, MF AF Sierra-Santoyo, Adolfo Castaneda-Hernandez, Gilberto Harrison, Randy A. Barton, Hugh A. Hughes, Michael F. TI Pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of the antiandrogen vinclozolin after oral administration in the rat SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vinclozolin; antiandrogenic; dicarboximides; biomarkers ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; FUNGICIDE VINCLOZOLIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ANTAGONISTS AB Vinclozolin (V) is a fungicide with antiandrogenic properties. To determine the pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of V, adult male rats were administered an oral dose of V (100 mg/kg) in corn oil and sacrificed over time after dosing. V and its metabolites were analyzed in serum and tissues by high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometer. V, 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (M1), and 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (M2), and five other metabolites were detected in serum and tissues. One metabolite was identified as 3',5'-dichloro-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutylanilide (M5). The mean serum concentration data for V were fitted to a one-compartment model for kinetic analysis. At 2 h, V serum concentration peaked; whereas only trace levels were detected at 24 h (t(1/2 elim) = 3.6 h). V was detected in all tissues and preferentially accumulated in fat. M1 serum levels increased until 8 h, being at least 2-fold higher than those of V at this time, and then declined with a t(1/2) = 3.3 h. M5 was the main metabolite in serum and tissues. Serum M5 levels were 5-fold higher than V and 2-fold greater than M1 at all times. At 48 h, M5 remained the main metabolite (t(1/2) (elim) = 13.1 h). Liver and kidney exhibited the highest levels of M5, V, and M1. M2 and 3,5-dichloroaniline had the lowest levels of V metabolites in serum and tissues. V is well absorbed, extensively metabolized and widely distributed. M5, the most abundant V metabolite, may be used as an exposure biomarker for pharmacokinetic modeling. These results may clarify the relationship between toxicity and tissue dose of V and its metabolites. C1 [Sierra-Santoyo, Adolfo] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Secc Externa Toxicol, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Sierra-Santoyo, Adolfo; Harrison, Randy A.; Hughes, Michael F.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Castaneda-Hernandez, Gilberto] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Secc Externa Farmacol, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sierra-Santoyo, A (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Secc Externa Toxicol, Av IPN 2508,Col San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. EM asierra@cinvestav.mx FU National Research Council [CR828790]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX National Research Council (CR828790) and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency supported A. Sierra-Santoyo. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn167 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 359GU UT WOS:000259975200006 PM 18703562 ER PT J AU Wolf, CJ Takacs, ML Schmid, JE Lau, C Abbott, BD AF Wolf, Cynthia J. Takacs, Margy L. Schmid, Judith E. Lau, Christopher Abbott, Barbara D. TI Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluoroalkyl acids; PFAA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; PPAR alpha; PFOS; PFOA; PFNA; PFBA; transient transfection assay; COS-1 cells ID PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; BETA-OXIDATION; PPAR-ALPHA; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PERFLUORODECANOIC ACID; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; HUMAN BLOOD AB Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are surfactants used in consumer products and persist in the environment. Some PFAAs elicit adverse effects on rodent development and survival. PFAAs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and may act via PPAR alpha to produce some of their effects. This study evaluated the ability of numerous PFAAs to induce mouse and human PPAR alpha activity in a transiently transfected COS-1 cell assay. COS-1 cells were transfected with either a mouse or human PPAR alpha receptor-luciferase reporter plasmid. After 24 h, cells were exposed to either negative controls (water or dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.1%); positive control (WY-14643, PPAR alpha agonist); perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorononanoic acid at 0.5-100 mu M; perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonate, or perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) at 5-100 mu M; or perfluorobutane sulfonate or perfluorooctane sulfonate at 1-250 mu M. After 24 h of exposure, luciferase activity from the plasmid was measured. Each PFAA activated both mouse and human PPAR alpha in a concentration-dependent fashion, except PFDA with human PPAR alpha. Activation of PPAR alpha by PFAA carboxylates was positively correlated with carbon chain length, up to C9. PPAR alpha activity was higher in response to carboxylates compared to sulfonates. Activation of mouse PPAR alpha was generally higher compared to that of human PPAR alpha. We conclude that, in general, (1) PFAAs of increasing carbon backbone chain lengths induce increasing activity of the mouse and human PPAR alpha with a few exceptions, (2) PFAA carboxylates are stronger activators of mouse and human PPAR alpha than PFAA sulfonates, and (3) in most cases, the mouse PPAR alpha appears to be more sensitive to PFAAs than the human PPAR alpha in this model. C1 [Wolf, Cynthia J.; Takacs, Margy L.; Schmid, Judith E.; Lau, Christopher; Abbott, Barbara D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wolf, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD-67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wolf.cynthiaj@epa.gov NR 64 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 359GU UT WOS:000259975200016 PM 18713766 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ward, WO Wolf, DC Allen, JW Mills, C DeVito, MJ Corton, JC AF Lee, Janice S. Ward, William O. Wolf, Douglas C. Allen, James W. Mills, Camilla DeVito, Michael J. Corton, J. Christopher TI Coordinated changes in xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme gene expression in aging male rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE xenobiotic metabolism; aging; liver; gene expression; susceptibility; microarrays ID GROWTH-HORMONE REGULATION; MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES; DRUG-METABOLISM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; CYTOCHROME-P450 ISOFORMS; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; PHASE-II; IN-VIVO; LIVER; AGE AB In order to gain insight into the effects of aging on susceptibility to environmental toxins, we characterized the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) from the livers of male F344 and Brown Norway (BN) rats across the adult lifespan. Using full-genome Affymetrix arrays, principal component analysis showed a clear age-dependent separation between young and old animals in both rat strains. Out of 1135 or 1435 genes altered between the old and young groups in the F344 or BN rats, 7 or 3% were XMEs and included members of the phase I, II, and III classes of genes. There was a 20 or 32% overlap in the gene expression profile between the two strains for F344 or BN, respectively. Lipid, ergosterol, alcohol, and fatty acid metabolism genes were also altered with age in both strains. Some of the genes altered by age exhibited a gender-dependent expression pattern in young adult rats, suggesting an increasingly feminized pattern of gene expression with age in male rats. To examine transcriptional responses across lifespan after challenge with a xenobiotic compound, BN rats were exposed to toluene by oral gavage. Toluene exposure decreased the expression of glutathione synthetase, and dramatically increased the number of phase III genes being downregulated. The expression of CYP2B2 and glutathione-S-transferase decreased with age but increased in all age groups after toluene exposure. Decreased ability to detoxify and transport chemicals out of the body with age could result in increased susceptibility to some classes of chemicals in the aging population. C1 [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mills, Camilla] N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Corton, J. Christopher] US EPA, NHEERL Toxicogenom Core, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, ORD, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD-B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM corton.chris@epa.gov NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 263 EP 283 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn144 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 359GU UT WOS:000259975200027 PM 18653662 ER PT J AU Kenyon, EM Klimecki, WT El-Masri, H Conolly, RB Clewell, HJ Beck, BD AF Kenyon, Elaina M. Klimecki, Walter T. El-Masri, Hisham Conolly, Rory B. Clewell, Harvey J. Beck, Barbara D. TI How can biologically-based modeling of arsenic kinetics and dynamics inform the risk assessment process? - A workshop review SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Modeling ID DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; METHYLATED ARSENICALS; CANCER RISK; SKIN-CANCER; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID; SOUTHWESTERN TAIWAN; CHRONIC STIMULATION; URINARY-EXCRETION; BLADDER-CANCER AB Quantitative biologically-based models describing key events in the continuum from arsenic exposure to the development of adverse health effects provide a framework to integrate information obtained across diverse research areas. For example, genetic polymorphisms in arsenic metabolizing enzymes can lead to differences in target tissue dosimetry for key metabolites causative in toxic and carcinogenic response. This type of variation can be quantitatively incorporated into pharmacokinetic (PK) models and used together with population-based modeling approaches to evaluate the impact of genetic variation in methylation capacity on dose of key metabolites to target tissue. The PK model is an essential bridge to the pharmacodynamic (PD) A particular benefit of PD modeling for arsenic is that alternative models can be constructed for models. A particular benefit of PD modeling for arsenic is that alternative models can be constructed for multiple proposed modes of action for arsenicals. Genomics data will prove useful. for identifying the key pathways involved in particular responses and aid in determining other types of data needed for quantitative modeling. These models, when linked with PK models, can be used to better understand and explain dose- and time-response behaviors. This in turn assists in prioritizing modes of action with respect to their risk assessment relevance and future research. This type of integrated modeling approach can form the basis for a highly informative mode-of-action directed risk assessment for inorganic arsenic (iAs). This paper will address both practical and theoretical aspects of integrating PK and PD data in a modeling framework, including practical barriers to its application. C1 [Kenyon, Elaina M.; El-Masri, Hisham] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab B143 01, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Klimecki, Walter T.] Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conolly, Rory B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Clewell, Harvey J.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Beck, Barbara D.] Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kenyon, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab B143 01, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kenyon.elaina@epa.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 3 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.06.023 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 366IX UT WOS:000260475500001 PM 18687352 ER PT J AU Kenyon, EM Hughes, MF Adair, BM Highfill, JH Crecelius, EA Clewell, HJ Yager, JW AF Kenyon, E. M. Hughes, M. F. Adair, B. M. Highfill, J. H. Crecelius, E. A. Clewell, H. J. Yager, J. W. TI Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in C57BL6 mice following subchronic exposure to arsenate in drinking water SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Society-Toxicology CY MAR 16-20, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Toxicol DE Arsenic pharmacokinetics; Arsenate; Subchronic drinking water exposure; Mice ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; DIMETHYLARSINOUS ACID; TRIVALENT ARSENICALS; RAT-BLOOD; METHYLTRANSFERASE; GLUTATHIONE; INDUCTION; METALLOTHIONEIN; ACCUMULATION; TRANSFERASE AB The relationship of exposure and tissue concentration of parent chemical and metabolites over prolonged exposure is a critical issue for chronic toxicities mediated by metabolite(s) rather than parent chemical alone. This is an issue As-V because its trivalent metabolites have unique toxicities and relatively greater potency compared to their pentavalent counterparts for many endpoints. In this study, dose-dependency in tissue distribution and urinary excretion for inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites was assessed in female C57B1/6 mice exposed to 0, 0.5, 2, 10 or 50 ppm arsenic (as arsenate, As-V) in their drinking water for 12 weeks. No adverse effects were observed and body weight gain did not differ significantly among groups. Urinary excretion of arsenite mono methylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) increased linearly with dose, whereas As-V and mono methylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) excretion was non-linear with respect to dose. Total tissue arsenic accumulation was greatest in kidney > lung > urinary bladder >>> skin > blood > liver. Monomethyl arsenic (MMA, i.e. MMA(III)+MMA(V)) was the predominant metabolite in kidney, whereas dimethylarsenic (DMA, i.e., DMA(III)+DMA(V)) was the predominant metabolite in lung. Urinary bladder tissue had roughly equivalent levels of inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsenic, as did skin. These data indicate that pharmacokinetic models for arsenic metabolism and disposition need to include mechanisms for organ-specific accumulation of some arsenicals and that urinary metabolite profiles are not necessarily reflective of target tissue dosimetry. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kenyon, E. M.; Hughes, M. F.; Adair, B. M.; Highfill, J. H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Crecelius, E. A.] Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA USA. [Clewell, H. J.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Yager, J. W.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kenyon, EM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Mail Stop B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kenyon.elaina@epa.gov NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 3 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.018 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 366IX UT WOS:000260475500010 PM 18706920 ER PT J AU Holder, JW AF Holder, J. W. TI Analysis of chloroethane toxicity and carcinogenicity including a comparison with bromoethane SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bromoethane; cancer risk; carcinogenicity; chloroethane; chlorohydrocarbons; colonization; endometrium; ethyl bromide; ethyl chloride; halohydrocarbons; malignancy; metastasis; uterus ID ETHYL CHLORIDE; METHYL-CHLORIDE; ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY; ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; CANCER STATISTICS; B6C3F1 MICE; GLUTATHIONE; METABOLISM; STRESS AB Chloroethane (CE) gas carcinogenicity is analyzed and determined from a National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay where an inhalation concentration of 15,000 ppm CE gas in air produced the highest incidence of an uncommon-to-rare tumor ever observed by the NTP. Persistently inhaled CE produces endometrial cancers in female mice. The first-tumor-corrected uterine endometrial incidence (I) in B6C3F1 mice is 90%, but no significant tumors occurred in F344 rats. The endometrial cancers dispersed by 1) migrating locally to the adjacent myometrium, 2) then migrating to the bloodstream by intravasation, 3) entering 17 distal organs by extravasation and adapting to the new tissue environment. Distal cancers retained sufficient endometrial cell features to be recognized at each metastatic site. CE produced one of the highest metastasis rates ever observed by NTP of 79%. Comparing CE with bromoethane (BE), a structural analogue, it was found that BE too produced rare murine endometrial cancers yielding the second highest NTP incidence rate of I = 58% with a similar high malignancy rate of 56%. Because of the historical rarity of endometrial tumors in the B6C3F1 mouse, both of these SAR haloethanes seem to be evoking a strong, related carcinogenic potential in B6C3F1 mice, but not in F344 rats. The question of whether humans are similar to mice or to rats is addressed here and in Gargas, et al., 2008. The powerful carcinogenesis caused by these halohydrocarbons may have been caused by excessive and metabolically unresolved acetaldehyde (AC) which is directly generated by Cyp2E1 in the oxidative elimination of CE. With >95% AC metabolic production, as predicted from pharmacokinetic (PK) studies depending on CE exposure, AC is the main elimination intermediate. AC is a known animal carcinogen and a strongly suspected human carcinogen. Also, CE causes incipient decreases of tissue essential glutathione pools [GSH] by Phase II conjugation metabolic elimination of CE (and BE), by glutantione trunsferase (GST), in most organs (except brain) exposed to high circulating CE and it metabolites. In three laboratories, an excessive stress reaction of hyperkinesis was observed only during 15,000 ppm gas exposure but not when the exposure ceased or when exposure was presented at 150 ppm. Test rodents other than the female mice did not exhibit a pattern of visible stress nor did they have a carcinogenic response to CE gas. Unremitting stress has been documented to contribute a feedback to the hypothalamus which stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA), which in turn, induces the adrenal glands. Because estrus and estrogen and progesterone levels were unaltered by CE gas, the adrenal over stimulation, causing high steroid output, may be the penultimate step in this extraordinary carcinogenic response. High adrenal production of corticosteroids could adversely promote endometrial cells to cancers in mice - a mechanism that has already been observed in humans. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2008; 24: 655-675. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Holder, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave,NW 8623P, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM holder_james@yahoo.com NR 96 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 10 BP 655 EP 675 DI 10.1177/0748233708100371 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 408LX UT WOS:000263437600004 PM 19141570 ER PT J AU Rodnick, KJ St-Hilaire, S Battiprolu, PK Seiler, SM Kent, ML Powell, MS Ebersole, JL AF Rodnick, Kenneth J. St.-Hilaire, Sophie Battiprolu, Pavan K. Seiler, Steven M. Kent, Michael L. Powell, Madison S. Ebersole, Joseph L. TI Habitat Selection Influences Sex Distribution, Morphology, Tissue Biochemistry, and Parasite Load of Juvenile Coho Salmon in the West Fork Smith River, Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA POPULATIONS; EUBOTHRIUM-SALVELINI CESTODA; CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED; ACID-BASE STATUS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CHUM SALMON AB Given the strong influence of water temperature on salmonid physiology and behavior, in the summer,,, of 2004 and 2005 we studied juvenile male and female coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in two reaches of Oregon's West Fork Smith River with different thermal profiles. Our goals were to compare the body morphology, tissue biochemistry, genetics, and parasite load and determine whether sex. tissue biochemistry, and infection with multiple parasite species influence swimming performance. Sex differences in habitat selection distribution were apparent: proportionately more females occupied the cooler, tipper reach, and males predominated in the warmer, lower reach. Despite having similar genotypes, fish in the upper reach had deeper bodies and higher condition factors, regardless of sex. These fish also had higher blood lipids and elevated citrate synthase activity in epaxial white muscle, suggesting a greater potential for aerobic metabolism. Critical swimming speeds measured streamside at 18 degrees C and endurance time were influenced by sex, females performing much better than males. Plasma lactate levels were inversely correlated with swimming performance, indicating that females relied more on aerobic metabolism for energy production. We also found a high prevalence of tissue-specific myxozoans (Myxobolus insidiosus and M. kistuchi) and larval trematodes (Nanophyetus salmincola and Apophallus sp.) in the muscle and "black spot" in the skill. The prevalence of these parasites was higher in the warmer. lower reach than in the tipper reach and the lower-reach fish lower condition indices. The degree of parasitism was not correlated with the swimming ability or sex of fish. C1 [Rodnick, Kenneth J.; St.-Hilaire, Sophie; Battiprolu, Pavan K.; Seiler, Steven M.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Powell, Madison S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Rodnick, KJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM rodnkenn@isu.edu RI Powell, Madison/H-7050-2014 OI Powell, Madison/0000-0002-1851-3168 FU National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research in Idaho [EPS0447689]; National Institutes of Health [P20 RR16454] FX The authors extend a special thanks to Nancy Raskauskas, Sharon Crowley, Mike Zenthoefer, and Shannon McDowell for sampling fish and collecting stream temperature data. Nathan Winder and Adam Goddard provided valuable assistance with field studies of physiological performance and biochemical assays in the laboratory. Carl Schreck provided valuable comments and suggestions. This research was funded by the Western Ecology Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research in Idaho (EPS0447689), the National Institutes of Health (P20 RR16454), and the Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network-idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Program of the National Center for Research Resources. This paper has been subjected to the agencies' peer and administrative review and approved for publication as ail EPA document. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 97 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1590 DI 10.1577/T07-138.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EG UT WOS:000268500800001 ER PT J AU Gross, KL Cidlowski, JA AF Gross, Katherine L. Cidlowski, John A. TI Tissue-specific glucocorticoid action: a family affair SO TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Review ID 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE-1; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; RECEPTOR-BETA-ISOFORM; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; IN-VITRO; ER22/23EK POLYMORPHISM; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; OBESE-PATIENTS AB Glucocorticoids exert a wide variety of physiological and pathological responses, most of which are mediated by the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The glucocorticoid response varies among individuals, as well as within tissues from the same individual, and this phenomenon can be partially explained through understanding the process of generating bioavailable ligand and the molecular heterogeneity of GR. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of prereceptor ligand metabolism, GR subtypes and GR polymorphisms. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of tissue- and individual-specific diversity in the glucocorticoid pathway on human health and disease. C1 [Gross, Katherine L.; Cidlowski, John A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cidlowski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Endocrinol Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cidlows1@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank Robert H. Oakley and Christine M. Jewell for their helpful comments and discussion concerning this manuscript. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 78 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1043-2760 J9 TRENDS ENDOCRIN MET JI Trends Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.tem.2008.07.009 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 373BC UT WOS:000260945000004 PM 18805703 ER PT J AU Starr, JM Selim, MI AF Starr, James M. Selim, Mustafa I. TI Supercritical fluid extraction of aflatoxin B-1 from soil SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin B-1; Supercritical fluid extraction; Soil; Mycotoxin; HPLC ID GRAIN DUST; OPTIMIZATION; SAMPLES; WATER AB This research describes the development of a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method to recover aflatoxin B, from fortified soil. The effects of temperature, pressure, modifier (identity and percentage), and extraction type were assessed. Using the optimized SFE conditions, the mean recovery from air dried soil was 72%. The variables associated with changes in recovery of aflatoxin were co-solvents, static extraction, and temperature. Acetonitrile-2% acetic acid. used both in-cell and on-line, provided the most efficient recovery. The results indicate that desorption from the soil was the limiting factor in recovery and that the static phase was more important than the dynarnic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Starr, James M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Selim, Mustafa I.] E Carolina Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Starr, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD D205-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM starr.james@epa.gov FU University of Iowa Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination FX The Research described in this document was funded wholly through a grant from The University of Iowa Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 31 PY 2008 VL 1209 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.015 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 372ZT UT WOS:000260941500006 PM 18814879 ER PT J AU Kamdar, O Le, W Zhang, J Ghio, AJ Rosen, GD Upadhyay, D AF Kamdar, O. Le, Wei Zhang, J. Ghio, A. J. Rosen, G. D. Upadhyay, D. TI Air pollution induces enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ambient air pollution particle; Apoptosis; Cystic fibrosis; Mitochondria; Particulate matter; Oxidative stress ID JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE; SUPEROXIDE ANION; BCL-2 FAMILY; LUNG-CANCER; CELL-DEATH; APOPTOSIS; PROTEINS; RELEASE AB We studied the effects of airborne particulate matters (PM) on cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelium. We noted that PM enhanced human CF bronchial epithelial apoptosis, activated caspase-9 and PARP-1; and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial inhibitors (4,4-diisothiocyanatostil-bene-2,20disulfonic acid, rotenone and thenoyltrifluoroacetone) blocked PM-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. PM upregulated pro-apoptotic Bad, Bax, p53 and p21; and enhanced mitochondrial localization of Bax. The antiapoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Mcl-1 and Xiap remained unchanged; however, overexpression of Bcl-xl blocked PM-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, we provide the evidence that PM enhances oxidative stress and mitochondrial signaling mediated apoptosis via the modulation of Bcl family proteins in CF. (c) 2008 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kamdar, O.; Le, Wei; Zhang, J.; Rosen, G. D.; Upadhyay, D.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ghio, A. J.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Upadhyay, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 300 Pasteur Dr,Rm H3143, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM upadhyay@stanford.edu FU CF Foundation [HL010487] FX Supported in part by HL010487 of Daya Upadhyay, MD and CF Center Grant from CF Foundation. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2008 VL 582 IS 25-26 BP 3601 EP 3606 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.030 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 371BT UT WOS:000260807500006 PM 18817777 ER PT J AU Brook, RD Bard, RL Burnett, RT Shin, H Williams, R Vette, A Croghan, C Stevens, C Phillips, M AF Brook, Robert D. Bard, Robert L. Burnett, Richard T. Shin, Hwashin Williams, Ron Vette, Alan Croghan, Carry stevens, Carvin Phillips, Michael TI Adverse Cardiovascular Responses to Alterations in Daily Levels of Personal and Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Brook, Robert D.; Bard, Robert L.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Burnett, Richard T.; Shin, Hwashin] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Williams, Ron; Vette, Alan; Croghan, Carry; stevens, Carvin] EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Phillips, Michael] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 18 BP S1159 EP S1159 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389ON UT WOS:000262104504600 ER PT J AU Yee, SH Santavy, DL Barron, MG AF Yee, Susan Harrell Santavy, Deborah L. Barron, Mace G. TI Comparing environmental influences on coral bleaching across and within species using clustered binomial regression SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coral bleaching; Environmental variability; Multiple stressors; Generalised linear models; Model selection; Sea surface temperature; Light intensity ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; MORTALITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; RESILIENCE; RADIATION; STRESS AB Differential susceptibility among reef-building coral species can lead to community and loss of diversity as a result of temperature-induced mass bleaching events. evaluate environmental influences on coral colony bleaching over an 8-year period in Florida Keys, USA. Clustered binomial regression is used to develop models taxon-specific responses to the environment in order to identify conditions and for which bleaching is likely to be severe. By building three separate models environment, community composition, and taxon-specific responses to environment, show observed prevalence of bleaching reflects an interaction between community composition and local environmental conditions. Environmental variables, including sea temperature, solar radiation, and reef depth, explained 90% and 78% of variability in colony bleaching across space and time, respectively. The effects of environmental variables were only partially explained (33% of variability) by corresponding differences in community composition. Taxon-specific models indicated individual coral species responded differently to local environmental conditions and had different sensitivities to temperature-induced bleaching. For many coral species, but not all, bleaching was exacerbated by high solar radiation. A 25% reduction in the probability of bleaching in shallow locations for one species may reflect an ability to acclimatize to local conditions. Overall, model results indicate predictions of coral bleaching require knowledge of not just the environmental conditions or community composition, but the responses of individual species to the environment. Model development provides a useful tool for coral reef management by quantifying the influence of the local environment on individual species bleaching sensitivities, identifying susceptible species, and predicting the likelihood of mass bleaching events with changing environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Yee, Susan Harrell; Santavy, Deborah L.; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Yee, SH (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM yee.susan@epa.gov RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 FU Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary FX We thank J.Kern for help with statistical analyses, and B. Elderd and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on prior versions. Ship support was provided by U.S. E.P.A. (O.S.V Anderson) and N.O.A.A. (R.V Nancy Foster). Field support was provided by: J. Campbell, L. MacLaughlin, E. Mueller, J. Patrick, M. Parsons, R. Quarles, and others. This work was conducted under research permits to D.L.S, E.M., L.M. by Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Dry Tortugas National Park, and Biscayne National Park from 1998 to 2005. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. E.P.A.'s peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1304 from the Gulf Ecology Division. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 24 PY 2008 VL 218 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.06.037 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 358HT UT WOS:000259908400012 ER PT J AU Brin, YS Golenser, J Mizrahi, B Maoz, G Domb, AJ Peddada, S Tuvia, S Nyska, A Nyska, M AF Brin, Yaron S. Golenser, Jacob Mizrahi, Boaz Maoz, Guy Domb, Abraham J. Peddada, Shyamal Tuvia, Shmuel Nyska, Abraham Nyska, Meir TI Treatment of osteomyelitis in rats by injection of degradable polymer releasing gentamicin SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE Delivery vehicle; Injectable degradable polymer; Poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic-ester-anhydride); Gentamicin; Osteomyelitis; S. aureus ID IMPLANT-RELATED OSTEOMYELITIS; ACID) BIODEGRADABLE CARRIER; IN-VITRO RELEASE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PMMA BEADS; BONE; VIVO; INFECTION; MODEL; POLYANHYDRIDES AB We evaluated the potential of an injectable degradable polymer-poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic-ester-anhydride) containing gentamicin for the treatment of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis of both tibiae was induced in 13 female Fischer rats by injecting a suspension containing approximately 105 (CFU)/ml of S. aureus into the tibial medullar canal. Three weeks later both tibiae were X-rayed, drilled down the medullar canal, washed with 50 mu l gentamicin solution (80 mg/2 ml) and then injected with 50 mu l P(SA-RA)+gentamycin 20% w/v to the right tibia and 50 mu l P(SA-RA) without gentamicin to the left tibia. After an additional 3 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and radiographs of the tibiae were taken. Histopathological evaluation of the tibiae was done in a blinded manner. X-ray radiographs showed that all tibiae developed changes compatible with osteomyelitis in 3 weeks. Histological evaluation revealed significant differences between right and left tibiae in 10 rats. In the left tibia moderate intramedullary abscess formation occurred. In most treated tibiae typical changes included the absence (or minimal grade only) of abscesses. The treated group developed significantly less intramedullary abscesses; the p value was 0.028. Locally injected degradable polymer releasing gentamicin proved to be efficient histologically in the treatment of osteomyelitis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brin, Yaron S.; Maoz, Guy; Nyska, Meir] Meir Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, IL-44281 Kefar Sava, Israel. [Brin, Yaron S.; Maoz, Guy; Nyska, Abraham; Nyska, Meir] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Golenser, Jacob] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, Dept Parasitol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Mizrahi, Boaz; Domb, Abraham J.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem & Nat Prod, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Peddada, Shyamal] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Tuvia, Shmuel] BioLineRx Ltd, IL-91450 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Brin, YS (reprint author), Meir Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 48 Tchernichovsky Str, IL-44281 Kefar Sava, Israel. EM yaronbrin@gmail.com RI Peddada, Shyamal/D-1278-2012 FU BioLineRx, Ltd., Israel FX This work was supported in part by BioLineRx, Ltd. 19 Hartum Street, P.O. Box 45158 Jerusalem 91450, Israel. Committee of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Reg. No. 10581-4) approved the study protocol. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD OCT 21 PY 2008 VL 131 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.07.022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 372ED UT WOS:000260883700007 PM 18692531 ER PT J AU Scofield, L Reinlib, L Alarcon, GS Cooper, GS AF Scofield, Lacie Reinlib, Leslie Alarcon, Graciela S. Cooper, Glinda S. TI Employment and Disability Issues in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-SECURITY DISABILITY; WORK DISABILITY; INDIRECT COSTS; RELIABILITY; DISEASE AB Objective. To summarize research pertaining to work disability in lupus patients, discuss challenges patients face applying for federal disability assistance in the US, and make recommendations for clinical and health policy research. Methods. We searched Medline for articles on work or disability in lupus patients and gathered information from the Social Security Administration and the National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives. Results. We found 12 publications with employment-related data; 6 included analysis of predictors of work status. The prevalence of inability to work or cessation of work was 15-51% in these studies (3-15 years after diagnosis); 20-32% of patients received disability benefits. Lower education level, higher disease activity, higher disease damage, older age, and higher physical job strain were independent predictors of work disability or work cessation in at least 2 studies. Lupus patients may be less successful than patients with other diseases when applying for federal disability assistance, possibly because medical records may not accurately reflect functional limitations. In addition, symptoms contributing to work disability (e.g., fatigue, pain, neurocognitive dysfunction) may be difficult to assess and quantify. Conclusion. Work disability in lupus patients is common. Additional research on risk factors for work disability in lupus patients and on strategies for reducing the impact of these factors on work-related activities is needed. The development of better measures and rating scales for the symptoms responsible for work disability in lupus patients and studies of factors influencing the success of obtaining federal disability benefits would also be useful. C1 [Scofield, Lacie; Reinlib, Leslie; Cooper, Glinda S.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Scofield, Lacie] US Dept HHS, Off Womens Hlth, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Alarcon, Graciela S.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601P, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1475 EP 1479 DI 10.1002/art.24113 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 362RN UT WOS:000260214900016 PM 18821664 ER PT J AU Haugen, AC Goel, A Yamada, K Marra, G Nguyen, TP Nagasaka, T Kanazawa, S Koike, J Kikuchi, Y Zhong, X Arita, M Shibuya, K Oshimura, M Hemmi, H Boland, CR Koi, M AF Haugen, Astrid C. Goel, Ajay Yamada, Kanae Marra, Giancarlo Nguyen, Thuy-Phuong Nagasaka, Takeshi Kanazawa, Shinsaku Koike, Junichi Kikuchi, Yoshinori Zhong, Xiaoling Arita, Michitsune Shibuya, Kazutoshi Oshimura, Mitsuo Hemmi, Hiromichi Boland, C. Richard Koi, Minoru TI Genetic Instability Caused by Loss of MutS Homologue 3 in Human Colorectal Cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEVEL MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; DNA MISMATCH REPAIR; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; BLADDER-CANCER; LYNCH-SYNDROME; TUMOR-CELLS; HMUTS-BETA; MSH3; CARCINOMA; TRACT AB Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. High levels of MSI at mononucleotide and dinucleotide repeats in colorectal cancer (CRC) are attributed to inactivation of the MMR genes, hMLH1 and hMSH2. CRC with low levels of MSI (NISI-L) exists; however, its molecular basis is unclear. There is another type of MSI-elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EXAST)-where loci containing [AAAG](n) or [ATAG](n) repeats are unstable. EMAST is frequent in non-CRCs; however, the incidence of EMAST and its cause in CRC is not known. Here, we report that MutS homologue 3 (MSH3) knockdown or MSH3-deficient cells exhibit the EMAST phenotype and low levels of mutations at dinucleotide repeats. About 60% of 117 sporadic CRC cases exhibit EMAST. All of the cases defined as MSI-H (16 cases) exhibited high levels of EMAST. Among 101 non-MSI-H cases, all 19 cases of MSI-L and 35 of 82 cases of MSS exhibited EMAST. Although non-MSI-H CRC tissues contained MSH3-negative tumor cells ranging from 2% to 50% of the total tumor cell population, the tissues exhibiting EXAST contained more MSH3-negative cells (average, 31.5%) than did the tissues not exhibiting EMAST (8.4%). Taken together, our results support the concept that MSH3 deficiency causes EMAST or EMAST with low levels of MSI at loci with dinucleotide repeats in CRC. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8465-721 C1 [Haugen, Astrid C.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Goel, Ajay; Nguyen, Thuy-Phuong; Nagasaka, Takeshi; Boland, C. Richard; Koi, Minoru] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Gastrointestinal Canc Res Lab, Baylor Res Inst, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. [Goel, Ajay; Nguyen, Thuy-Phuong; Nagasaka, Takeshi; Boland, C. Richard; Koi, Minoru] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Sammons Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. [Yamada, Kanae; Kikuchi, Yoshinori; Zhong, Xiaoling; Arita, Michitsune; Hemmi, Hiromichi] Toho Univ, Fac Med, Dept Mol Biol, Ohta Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kanazawa, Shinsaku; Koike, Junichi] Toho Univ, Fac Med, Dept Surg, Ohta Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Shibuya, Kazutoshi] Toho Univ, Fac Med, Dept Surg Pathol, Ohta Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Marra, Giancarlo] Univ Zurich, Inst Mol Canc Res, Zurich, Switzerland. [Oshimura, Mitsuo] Tottori Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Inst Regenerat Med & Biofonct, Grad Sch Med Sci, Tottori 680, Japan. RP Boland, CR (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Gastrointestinal Canc Res Lab Hoblitzelle 250, Baylor Res Inst, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. EM rickbo@baylorHealth.edu; minoruk@baylorHealth.edu RI Koi, Minoru/C-3489-2012; Koi, Minoru/G-9197-2014 FU NIH [1Z01ES023016-05, R01 CA72851]; Association for International Cancer Research [03-103]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16591358]; Baylor University Medical Center FX Grant support: NIH intramural grant 1Z01ES023016-05, Association for International Cancer Research project grant 03-103 (M. Koi), grant-in-aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 16591358 H. Hemmi), NIH grants R01 CA72851, and funds from Baylor University Medical Center (C.R. Boland). NR 40 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 20 BP 8465 EP 8472 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0002 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 364GE UT WOS:000260323400032 PM 18922920 ER PT J AU Taranova, AG Maldonado, D Vachon, CM Jacobsen, EA Abdala-Valencia, H McGarry, MP Ochkur, SI Protheroe, CA Doyle, A Grant, CS Cook-Mills, J Birnbaumer, L Lee, NA Lee, JJ AF Taranova, Anna G. Maldonado, David, III Vachon, Celine M. Jacobsen, Elizabeth A. Abdala-Valencia, Hiam McGarry, Michael P. Ochkur, Sergei I. Protheroe, Cheryl A. Doyle, Alfred Grant, Clive S. Cook-Mills, Joan Birnbaumer, Lutz Lee, Nancy A. Lee, James J. TI Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation Promotes the Recruitment of Circulating Tumor Cells to the Lung SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADHESION MOLECULE-1 VCAM-1; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; METASTASIS; CANCER; ASTHMA; MICROENVIRONMENT; EXTRAVASATION; EOSINOPHILS AB Allergen-induced respiratory inflammation facilitates and/or elicits the extravasation of proinflammatory leukocytes by well-understood mechanisms that mediate the movement of multiple cell types. The nonspecific character of these pathways led us to hypothesize that circulating cancer cells use similar mechanisms, promoting secondary tumor formation at distal sites. To test this hypothesis, the frequency of metastasis to the lung as a function of allergic pulmonary inflammation was assessed following the i.v. injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells in mice. These studies showed that allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation resulted in a >3-fold increase in lung metastases. This increase was dependent on CD4(+) T-cell activities; however, it occurred independent of the induced eosinophilia associated with allergen provocation. Interventional strategies showed that existing therapeutic modalities for asthma, such as inhaled corticosteroids, were sufficient to block the enhanced pulmonary recruitment of cancer cells from circulation. Additional mechanistic studies further suggested that the ability of circulating cancer cells to extravasate to surrounding lung tissues was linked to the activation of the vascular endothelium via one or more G alpha(i)-coupled receptors. Interestingly, a survey of a clinical breast cancer surgical database showed that the incidence of asthma was higher among patients with lung metastases. Thus, our data show that allergic respiratory inflammation may represent a risk factor for the development of lung metastases and suggest that amelioration of the pulmonary inflammation associated with asthma will have a direct and immediate benefit to the 7% to 8% of breast cancer patients with this lung disease. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8582-9] C1 [Lee, James J.] Mayo Clin, Div Pulm Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, SCJMRB Res, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. [Protheroe, Cheryl A.; Doyle, Alfred; Lee, Nancy A.] Mayo Clin, Div Hematol & Oncol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. [Maldonado, David, III] Mayo Clin, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Grant, Clive S.] Mayo Clin, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Div Surg Oncol, Rochester, MN USA. [Abdala-Valencia, Hiam; Cook-Mills, Joan] Northwestern Univ, Div Allergy Immunol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lee, JJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Pulm Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, SCJMRB Res, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. EM jjlee@mayo.edu FU Mayo Foundation; NIH [R01CA112442, K26-RR019709, HL058723, F32HL83718] FX Grant support: Mayo Foundation; Intramural Research Program of the NIH (L. Birnbaumer); and NIH grants R01CA112442 and K26-RR019709 (J.J. Lee), HL058723 (N.A. Lee), and F32HL83718 (A.G. Taranova). NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 20 BP 8582 EP 8589 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1673 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 364GE UT WOS:000260323400046 PM 18922934 ER PT J AU Arnts, RR AF Arnts, Robert R. TI Reduction of Biogenic VOC Sampling Losses from Ozone via trans-2-Butene Addition SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; FOREST AIR; TENAX-TA; HYDROCARBONS; TERPENES; OH; DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION AB The continuous addition of trans-2-butene to air containing ozone-reactive volatile and semivolatile organic compounds prior to sampling on Tenax-TA adsorbent was found to be an effective means of removing ozone and reducing analyte losses of ozone reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). To allow sufficient time for ozone scavenging to occur, the reacting mixture is passed through a heated (40 degrees C) coil of Sulfinert (Restek Corp., Bellefonte, PA) treated stainless steel tubing. The method was evaluated using a test mixture consisting of terpenes, terpenoid alcohols, and sesquiterpenes at part per trillion (pptv) levels in air in the presence of 100 parts per billion (ppbv) of ozone. The continuous addition of trans-2-butene to produce 600 ppm (ppmv) was found to be completely effective in controlling VOC losses on Tenax-TA as long as (1) sufficient time is allowed for the ozone scavenging to occur before the VOCs are adsorbed and (2) analyte enrichment on the adsorbent does not approach the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of the trans-2-butene. A manganese dioxide (MnO2) coated copper screen ozone scrubber was also tested and found to be of very limited utility. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Arnts, RR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM arnts.robert@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approval for publication. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 20 BP 7663 EP 7669 DI 10.1021/es800561j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359LO UT WOS:000259988400021 PM 18983090 ER PT J AU Kitchin, KT Wallace, K AF Kitchin, Kirk T. Wallace, Kathleen TI Evidence against the nuclear in situ binding of arsenicals-oxidative stress theory of arsenic carcinogenesis SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Arsenite; Binding; DNA; Histone; Ferritin; Oxidative stress; Fenton ID DNA-DAMAGE; INDUCTION; TOXICITY; GENERATION; MECHANISM; PROTEINS; FERRITIN; METALS; OXYGEN; IRON AB A large amount of evidence suggests that arsenicals act via oxidative stress in causing cancer in humans and experimental animals. It is possible that arsenicals could bind in situ close to nuclear DNA followed by Haber-Weiss type oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis by using radioactive As-73 labeled arsenite and vacuum filtration methodology to determine the binding affinity and capacity of As-73 arsenite to calf thymus DNA and Type 2A unfractionated histones, histone H3, H4 and horse spleen ferritin. Arsenicals are known to release redox active Fe from ferritin. At concentrations up to about 1 mM, neither DNA nor any of the three proteins studied, Type II-A histones, histone H3, H4 or ferritin, bound radioactive arsenite in a specific manner. Therefore, it appears highly unlikely that initial in situ binding of trivalent arsenicals, followed by in situ oxidative DNA damage, can account for arsenic's carcinogenicity. This experimental evidence (lack of arsenite binding to DNA, histone Type II-A and histone H3, H4) does not rule out other possible oxidative stress modes of action for arsenic such as (a) diffusion of longer lived oxidative stress molecules, such as H2O2 into the nucleus and ensuing oxidative damage, (b) redox chemistry by unbound arsenicals in the nucleus, or (c) arsenical-induced perturbations in Fe, Cu or other metals which are already known to oxidize DNA in vitro and in vivo. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kitchin, Kirk T.; Wallace, Kathleen] US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop B143-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kitchin.kirk@epa.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 2 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.06.021 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 363TP UT WOS:000260290000011 PM 18671993 ER PT J AU Nde, CW Jang, HJ Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Nde, Chantal W. Jang, Hyeung-Jin Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Toxicogenomic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ortho-phenylphenol SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOME MODULATION FACTOR; PERIPLASMIC NITRATE REDUCTASE; NITRIC-OXIDE REDUCTASE; PHASE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYTOCHROME BC COMPLEX; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PERACETIC-ACID; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE AB Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most common opportunistic pathogen implicated in nosocomial infections and in chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) is an antimicrobial agent used as an active ingredient in several EPA registered disinfectants. Despite its widespread use, there is a paucity of information on its target molecular pathways and the cellular responses that it elucidates in bacteria in general and in P. aeruginosa in particular. An understanding of the OPP-driven gene regulation and cellular response it elicits will facilitate more effective utilization of this antimicrobial and possibly lead to the development of more effective disinfectant treatments. Results: Herein, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the cellular responses of P. aeruginosa exposed to 0.82 mM OPP for 20 and 60 minutes. Our data indicated that OPP upregulated the transcription of genes encoding ribosomal, virulence and membrane transport proteins after both treatment times. After 20 minutes of exposure to 0.82 mM OPP, genes involved in the exhibition of swarming motility and anaerobic respiration were upregulated. After 60 minutes of OPP treatment, the transcription of genes involved in amino acid and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were upregulated. Further, the transcription of the ribosome modulation factor (rmf) and an alternative sigma factor (rpoS) of RNA polymerase were downregulated after both treatment times. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that after 20 minutes of exposure to OPP, genes that have been linked to the exhibition of anaerobic respiration and swarming motility were upregulated. This study also suggests that the downregulation of the rmf and rpoS genes may be indicative of the mechanism by which OPP causes decreases in cell viability in P. aeruginosa. Consequently, a protective response involving the upregulation of translation leading to the increased synthesis of membrane related proteins and virulence proteins is possibly induced after both treatment times. In addition, cell wall modification may occur due to the increased synthesis of lipopolysaccharide after 60 minutes exposure to OPP. This gene expression profile can now be utilized for a better understanding of the target cellular pathways of OPP in P. aeruginosa and how this organism develops resistance to OPP. C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Nde, Chantal W.; Jang, Hyeung-Jin; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Biosyst Res, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Microarray Res Lab, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Off Pesticide Programs, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM nde.chantal@epa.gov; jang.hyeungjin@epa.gov; toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov; bentley@eng.umd.edu RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [T-83284001-1] FX This research is supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Grant number T-83284001-1. Although the research described in this paper has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA; nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of recommendation of use. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 473 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-473 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 369FJ UT WOS:000260679400002 PM 18847467 ER PT J AU Zenie, A Ozkaynak, H AF Zenie, Alexandre Oezkaynak, Haluk TI A tiered approach to uncertainty characterization in exposure assessment SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology CY OCT 05-08, 2008 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP European Soc Toxicol C1 [Zenie, Alexandre] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2008 VL 180 SU 1 BP S3 EP S3 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.017 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 349AV UT WOS:000259252100012 ER PT J AU Godowitch, JM Hogrefe, C Rao, ST AF Godowitch, J. M. Hogrefe, C. Rao, S. T. TI Diagnostic analyses of a regional air quality model: Changes in modeled processes affecting ozone and chemical-transport indicators from NOx point source emission reductions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; PART I; SYSTEM; PREDICTIONS; CMAQ AB The impact of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission reductions from major point sources on the key physical and chemical processes contributing to ozone formation and accumulation is studied, and the extent of change in the chemical regime is examined using selected photochemical indicators in the eastern United States. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) chemical-transport model, equipped with the process analysis technique, was applied in modeling scenarios involving 2002 base case emissions and an emissions scenario containing real-world point source NOx reductions implemented before the summer ozone season of 2004. Spatial patterns and temporal variations in process rates and changes in chemical-transport indicators are highlighted from results of summer 2002 days, representative of generally southwesterly wind flows across the Midwestern source region with ozone transport toward the northeastern states. Substantial decreases exceeding 50% in O-3 chemical production rates were associated with the largest NOx point source emission reductions, causing declines in ozone concentrations at the surface and aloft in downwind areas. The decreases in the various physical processes and their spatial difference patterns closely resembled the change in maximum O-3 concentrations. The net ozone production efficiency was found to increase, since the decline in O-3 concentrations was less than the decrease in reactive nitrogen products (NOz). The O-3/NOx ratio also increased between the base case and NOx reduction scenario results, indicating a noticeable shift in the chemical regime toward more NOx-limited conditions in plume-impacted areas downwind of the sources. The drop in surface NOx concentrations in modeled and observed results at a location just downwind of the Ohio River Valley source region is attributable to the point source NOx emission reductions. C1 [Hogrefe, C.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Godowitch, J. M.; Rao, S. T.] Natl Ocean & Atomspher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Godowitch, JM (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy E243 01, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM godowitch.james@epa.gov; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us; Rao.ST@epa.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX Thanks are extended to J. William Munger (Harvard University) for permission to report results of the Harvard Forest site data and to James Schwab (SUNY-Albany) for approval to use the Pinnacle State Park measurements in our analyses. One of the authors (Christian Hogrefe) gratefully acknowledges support for this work through a research fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement DW13921548. This work constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. The research was performed in partnership with the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U. S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 4 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D19 AR D19303 DI 10.1029/2007JD009537 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 356UV UT WOS:000259804000001 ER PT J AU Reddy, NM Kleeberger, SR Bream, JH Fallon, PG Kensler, TW Yamamoto, M Reddy, SP AF Reddy, N. M. Kleeberger, S. R. Bream, J. H. Fallon, P. G. Kensler, T. W. Yamamoto, M. Reddy, S. P. TI Genetic disruption of the Nrf2 compromises cell-cycle progression by impairing GSH-induced redox signaling SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; Nrf2; cell cycle; G(2)/M-checkpoint; Akt ID ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT; ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; S-GLUTATHIONYLATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; BINDING DOMAIN; DIESEL EXHAUST; 14-3-3 PROTEIN; MICE LACKING AB Genetic disruption of Nrf2 greatly enhances susceptibility to prooxidant- and carcinogen-induced experimental models of various human disorders; but the mechanisms by which this transcription factor confers protection are unclear. Using Nrf2-proficient (Nrf2(+/+)) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) primary epithelial cultures as a model, we now show that Nrf2 deficiency leads to oxidative stress and DNA lesions, accompanied by impairment of cell-cycle progression, mainly G(2)/M-phase arrest. Both N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) supplementation ablated the DNA lesions and DNA damage-response pathways in Nrf2(-/-) cells; however only GSH could rescue the impaired colocalization of mitosis-promoting factors and the growth arrest. Akt activation was deregulated in Nrf2(-/-) cells, but GSH supplementation restored it. Inhibition of Akt signaling greatly diminished the GSH-induced Nrf2(-/-) cell proliferation and wild-type cell proliferation. GSH depletion impaired Akt signaling and mitosis-promoting factor colocalization in Nrf2(+/+) cells. Collectively, our findings uncover novel functions for Nrf2 in regulating oxidative stress-induced cell-cycle arrest, especially G(2)/M-checkpoint arrest, and proliferation, and GSH-regulated redox signaling and Akt are required for this process. C1 [Reddy, N. M.; Kensler, T. W.; Reddy, S. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kleeberger, S. R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bream, J. H.; Fallon, P. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Yamamoto, M.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Biochem, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Reddy, SP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Room E7610,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM sreddy@jhsph.edu RI Yamamoto, Masayuki/A-4873-2010; Kensler, Thomas/D-8686-2014 OI Kensler, Thomas/0000-0002-6676-261X FU NIH [HL66109, ES11863]; SCCOR [P50 HL073994]; NIEHS [P30 ES 038819] FX This work was supported by NIH grants HL66109, ES11863 and SCCOR P50 HL073994 (to SPR), and NIEHS center grant P30 ES 038819. We acknowledge the help provided for FACS analysis by Becton Dickinson Immune Function Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. NR 71 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD OCT 2 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 44 BP 5821 EP 5832 DI 10.1038/onc.2008.188 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 355QC UT WOS:000259722400006 PM 18542053 ER PT J AU Abuladze, T Li, M Menetrez, MY Dean, T Senecal, A Sulakvelidze, A AF Abuladze, Tamar Li, Manrong Menetrez, Marc Y. Dean, Timothy Senecal, Andre Sulakvelidze, Alexander TI Bacteriophages reduce experimental contamination of hard surfaces, tomato, spinach, broccoli, and ground beef by Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES; PHAGE COCKTAIL; SALMONELLA; BIOCONTROL; OUTBREAK; INACTIVATION; POULTRY; CHICKEN; IRRADIATION AB A bacteriophage cocktail (designated ECP-100) containing three Myoviridae phages lytic for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was examined for its ability to reduce experimental contamination of hard surfaces (glass coverslips and gypsum boards), tomato, spinach, broccoli, and ground beef by three virulent strains of the bacterium. The hard surfaces and foods contaminated by a mixture of three E. coli O157: H7 strains were treated with ECP-100 (test samples) or sterile phosphate-buffered saline buffer (control samples), and the efficacy of phage treatment was evaluated by comparing the number of viable E. coli organisms recovered from the test and control samples. Treatments (5 min) with the ECP-100 preparation containing three different concentrations of phages (1010, 109, and 108 PFU/ml) resulted in statistically significant reductions (P = < 0.05) of 99.99%, 98%, and 94%, respectively, in the number of E. coli O157: H7 organisms recovered from the glass coverslips. Similar treatments resulted in reductions of 100%, 95%, and 85%, respectively, in the number of E. coli O157:H7 organisms recovered from the gypsum board surfaces; the reductions caused by the two most concentrated phage preparations were statistically significant. Treatment with the least concentrated preparation that elicited significantly less contamination of the hard surfaces (i.e., 10(9) PFU/ml) also significantly reduced the number of viable E. coli O157:H7 organisms on the four food samples. The observed reductions ranged from 94% (at 120 +/- 4 h posttreatment of tomato samples) to 100% (at 24 +/- 4 h posttreatment of spinach samples). The data suggest that naturally occurring bacteriophages may be useful for reducing contamination of various hard surfaces, fruits, vegetables, and ground beef by E. coli O157: H7. C1 [Abuladze, Tamar; Li, Manrong; Sulakvelidze, Alexander] Intralytix Inc, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Menetrez, Marc Y.; Dean, Timothy] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Senecal, Andre] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sulakvelidze, A (reprint author), Intralytix Inc, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM asulakvelidze@intralytix.com RI Senecal, Andre/E-6605-2010 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-06-C-000325]; Intralytix, Inc [W911QY-07-C0125] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described in the manuscript (hard-surface decontamination) under contract no. EP-06-C-000325 (to A. S.). Additional funding was provided by Intralytix, Inc., and by an SBIR award, W911QY-07-C0125, from the U. S. Army (to A. S.). NR 46 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 20 BP 6230 EP 6238 DI 10.1128/AEM.01465-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 359KJ UT WOS:000259985300008 PM 18723643 ER PT J AU Henson-Ramsey, H Kennedy-Stoskopf, S Levine, JF Taylor, SK Shea, D Stoskopf, MK AF Henson-Ramsey, H. Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. Levine, J. F. Taylor, S. K. Shea, D. Stoskopf, M. K. TI Acute toxicity and tissue distributions of malathion in Ambystoma tigrinum SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; LARVAL STAGES; TOAD EMBRYOS; PESTICIDES; BIOCONCENTRATION; EXPOSURE; BIOACCUMULATION; SALAMANDERS; BIOMARKERS; CALIFORNIA AB The kinetics of the bioaccumulation of malathion (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate) and the biological impact of exposure for tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum, were assessed through exposure to soil surface contaminated with 50 mu g/cm(2) or 100 mu g/cm(2) malathion and ingestion of an earthworm exposed to soil contaminated with 200 mu g/cm(2) malathion. Malathion and malaoxon burdens in salamanders sampled at different times after exposure(s) were measured by gas chromatography in four tissue/organ subgroups: liver, epaxial muscle, pooled viscera (except the liver and brain), and pooled avisceral carcass (muscle, skin, and bone). The total tiger salamander xenobiotic burdens were calculated from these data. The malathion/malaoxon burden 1 day after exposure was greatest in the avisceral carcass and 2 days after exposure was greatest in the viscera. Bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors remained less than unity throughout the experiment and did not support the hypothesis of bioaccumulation of malathion in the tiger salamander. Biological impact was assessed with a colorimetric brain cholinesterase microassay. Brain cholinesterase activities in salamanders exposed to malathion-contaminated soil (50 mu g/cm(2) or 100 mu g/cm(2) malathion) were suppressed similar to 50-65% and 90%, respectively, compared to unexposed controls. The exposed animals did not exhibit overt clinical signs of malathion toxicosis. C1 [Henson-Ramsey, H.] Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Henson-Ramsey, H.; Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.; Levine, J. F.; Stoskopf, M. K.] N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Henson-Ramsey, H.; Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.; Stoskopf, M. K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Stoskopf, M. K.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Levine, J. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Taylor, S. K.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment Washington, DC Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Taylor, S. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Shea, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Henson-Ramsey, H (reprint author), Lewis Clark State Coll, Div Nat Sci, 500 8th Ave, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. EM hlhensonramsey@lcsc.edu FU The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R-83055101] FX We thank the Environmental Protection Agency for funding this research and express our gratitude for the graphic support of Linda Dunn, NCSU CMAST. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under assistance agreement #R-83055101 to North Carolina State University. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the EPA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9091-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 348DR UT WOS:000259191700014 PM 18227961 ER PT J AU Sun, QH Yue, PB Ying, ZK Cardounel, AJ Brook, RD Devlin, R Hwang, JS Zweier, JL Chen, LC Rajagopalan, S AF Sun, Qinghua Yue, Peibin Ying, Zhekang Cardounel, Arturo J. Brook, Robert D. Devlin, Robert Hwang, Jing-Shiang Zweier, Jay L. Chen, Lung Chi Rajagopalan, Sanjay TI Air pollution exposure potentiates hypertension through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of Rho/ROCK SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; NADPH oxidase; hypertension; free radicals; Rho/ROCK ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ANGIOTENSIN-II; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RHO-KINASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SUPEROXIDE FORMATION; OPSONIZED ZYMOSANS; NAD(P)H OXIDASE; TERM EXPOSURE AB Objective - Fine particulate matter < 2.5 mu m (PM(2.5)) has been implicated in vasoconstriction and potentiation of hypertension in humans. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM(2.5) in the angiotensin II (AII) infusion model. Methods and Results - Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to PM(2.5) or filtered air (FA) for 10 weeks. At week 9, minipumps containing AII were implanted and the responses studied over a week. Mean concentration of PM(2.5) inside the chamber was 79.1 +/- 7.4 mu g/m(3). After AII infusion, mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in PM(2.5)-AII versus FA-AII group. Aortic vasoconstriction to phenylephrine was potentiated with exaggerated relaxation to the Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and increase in ROCK-1 mRNA levels in the PM(2.5)-AII group. Superoxide (O(2)center dot(-)) production in aorta was increased in the PM(2.5)-AII compared to the FA group, inhibitable by apocynin and L-NAME with coordinate upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p22(phox) and p47(phox) and depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin. In vitro exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and PM(2.5) was associated with an increase in ROCK activity, phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT1). Pretreatment with the nonspecific antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine and the Rho kinase inhibitors (Fasudil and Y-27632) prevented MLC and MYPT-1 phosphorylation by UFP suggesting a O(2)(center dot-)-mediated mechanism for PM(2.5) and UFP effects. Conclusions -Short-term air pollution exaggerates hypertension through O(2)(center dot-)mediated upregulation of the Rho/ROCK pathway. C1 [Sun, Qinghua; Yue, Peibin; Ying, Zhekang; Cardounel, Arturo J.; Zweier, Jay L.; Rajagopalan, Sanjay] Ohio State Univ, Davis Heart Lung Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sun, Qinghua] Ohio State Univ, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sun, Qinghua] Ohio State Univ, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brook, Robert D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Devlin, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hwang, Jing-Shiang] Acad Sinica, Inst Stat Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Chen, Lung Chi] NYU, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Chen, Lung Chi] NYU, Nelson Inst Environm Med, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Rajagopalan, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Davis Heart Lung Res Inst, Room 110,473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sanjay.rajagopalan@osumc.edu RI Cjem, Lung-Chi/H-5030-2012; OI Chen, Lung Chi/0000-0003-1154-2107 FU NIH [R01ES013406, R01ES015146]; Wolfe Family Fund; Center Grants from EPA [R827351]; NIEHS [ES00260] FX This study was supported partly by NIH R01ES013406 and R01ES015146 (Dr Rajagopalan) and the Wolfe Family Fund. The exposures were performed in facilities at New York University that were supported by Center Grants from EPA (R827351) and NIEHS (ES00260). NR 42 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1760 EP 1766 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.166967 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 349JX UT WOS:000259278200014 PM 18599801 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Norris, GA AF Olson, David A. Norris, Gary A. TI Chemical characterization of ambient particulate matter near the World Trade Center: Source apportionment using organic and inorganic source markers SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; Receptor modeling; Source apportionment; Building fire ID BEHAVIOR; COLLAPSE; METALS; FIRES AB Concentrations of alkanes (C20-C35),14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH ketones, and three hopanes are reported from four locations near the World Trade Center (WTC) (three of the locations within 300 m of the debris pile), The highest concentrations of individual PAHs across the four locations were for fluoranthene (10.3 ng/m(3) at site W), pyrene (8.7 ng/m(3) at site W), and chrysene (6.2 ng/m(3) at site W). The EPA Unmix Version 6.0 receptor model was used to estimate the impact of WTC fires and recovery efforts on 5 concentrations. Five factors were identified: open burning of building ambient PM2.5 debris, smoldering fires from building debris, a mixed recovery source, a sulfate/debris removal source, and motor vehicle exhaust. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, David A.; Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM olson.david@epa.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 31 BP 7310 EP 7315 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.007 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 363KJ UT WOS:000260265900013 ER PT J AU Baldauf, R Thoma, E Khlystov, A Isakov, V Bowker, G Long, T Snow, R AF Baldauf, R. Thoma, E. Khlystov, A. Isakov, V. Bowker, G. Long, T. Snow, R. TI Impacts of noise barriers on near-road air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Motor vehicle emissions; Noise barriers; Near-road; Particulate matter; Carbon monoxide ID ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; DISPERSION; LEAD AB Numerous health studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects for populations living, working, or going to school near large roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emission impacts on air quality near a heavily traveled highway. The portion of highway studied included a section of open field and a section with a noise barrier adjacent to the road. In addition, the section containing the noise barrier included a portion with vegetation in the vicinity of the barrier. Thus, this field study provided an opportunity to evaluate near-road air quality with no barriers, with a noise barrier only, and with a noise barrier and vegetation adjacent to the road. Pollutants measured under these scenarios included carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM). Measurements showed the effects of a noise barrier on near-road air quality. The presence of this structure often led to pollutant concentration reductions behind the barrier during meteorological conditions with winds directionally from the road. CO and PM number concentrations generally decreased between 15 and 50% behind the barrier. However, conditions occurred when pollutant concentrations were greater behind the barrier than when no barrier was present. These results imply that the presence of a noise barrier can lead to higher pollutant concentrations on the road during certain wind conditions. In addition, the study results suggested that the presence of mature trees in addition to the barrier further lowered PM number concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baldauf, R.; Thoma, E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, R.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Khlystov, A.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Isakov, V.; Bowker, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Long, T.; Snow, R.] ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009 OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919 NR 17 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 32 BP 7502 EP 7507 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.051 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372ZM UT WOS:000260940800019 ER PT J AU Adar, SD Davey, M Sullivan, JR Compher, M Szpiro, A Liu, LJS AF Adar, Sara D. Davey, Mark Sullivan, James R. Compher, Michael Szpiro, Adam Liu, L. -J. Sally TI Predicting airborne particle levels aboard Washington State school buses SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Diesel; School buses; Particulate matter; Traffic ID IN-VEHICLE MEASUREMENT; AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PERSONAL NEPHELOMETERS; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; POLLUTANTS; SYMPTOMS AB School buses contribute substantially to childhood air pollution exposures yet they are rarely quantified in epidemiology studies. This paper characterizes fine particulate matter (PM2.5) aboard school buses as part of a larger study examining the respiratory health impacts of emission reducing retrofits. To assess onboard concentrations, continuous PM2.5 data were collected during 85 trips aboard 43 school buses during normal driving routines, and aboard hybrid lead vehicles traveling in front of the monitored buses during 46 trips. Ordinary and partial least squares regression models for PM2.5 onboard buses were created with and without control for roadway concentrations, which were also modeled. Predictors examined included ambient PM2.5 levels, ambient weather, and bus and route characteristics. Average concentrations aboard school buses (21 mu g m(-3)) were four and two-times higher than ambient and roadway levels, respectively. Differences in PM2.5 levels between the buses and lead vehicles indicated an average of 7 mu g m(-3) originating from the bus's own emission sources. While roadway concentrations were dominated by ambient PM2.5, bus concentrations were influenced by bus age, diesel oxidative catalysts, and roadway concentrations. Cross-validation confirmed the roadway models but the bus models were less robust. These results confirm that children are exposed to air pollution from the bus and other roadway traffic while riding school buses. In-cabin air pollution is higher than roadway concentrations and is likely influenced by bus characteristics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Adar, Sara D.; Davey, Mark; Sullivan, James R.; Liu, L. -J. Sally] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Compher, Michael] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Szpiro, Adam] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Liu, L. -J. Sally] Univ Basel, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. RP Adar, SD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE,Suite 100,Box 354965, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sadar@u.washington.edu RI Adar, Sara/L-2278-2016 OI Adar, Sara/0000-0001-8383-485X FU NIEHS [1R01ES12657-01A1] FX This study was sponsored by the NIEHS (#1R01ES12657-01A1), with pilot work by the Washington Department of Ecology. This work would not have been possible without the efforts of Rene Irish, Erin Corwine, Tim Gould, Alex Ineichen, and the Diesel Bus Monitoring Team. We are thankful for the advice and support of Dr. Jim Krieger (Seattle-King County Department of Public Health), Bridget Anderson, Michelle Zaleski, Doug Sander and Bruce Zahradnik (Tahoma Schools), Jill Lewis (Seattle Schools), Michael Boyer and David Adler (Department of Ecology), Stacy Roberts, Robert Cook, and David Oylear (First Student), and Michael Montgomery (Curtis Transportation). We are also extremely grateful for our collaborations with David Anderson (Seattle Schools Transportation Department) and Paul Carr and John Anderson (PSCAA Diesel Solution Program). We also thank the Seattle and Tahoma principals, teachers, and students whose daily support made this study possible. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 33 BP 7590 EP 7599 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.041 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 373XF UT WOS:000261006100003 PM 18985175 ER PT J AU Reaser, JK Meyerson, LA Von Holle, B AF Reaser, Jamie K. Meyerson, Laura A. Von Holle, Betsy TI Saving camels from straws: how propagule pressure-based prevention policies can reduce the risk of biological invasion SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; policy; prevention; propagule pressure; United States ID NEW-ZEALAND; INTRODUCTIONS; SUCCESS; PLANT; US AB Nonnative species that harm or have the potential to cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health are known as invasive species. Propagule pressure may be the most important factor in establishment success of nonnative species of various taxa in a variety of ecosystems worldwide, and strong evidence is emerging that propagule pressure determines both the scale of invasion extent and impact. In a limited way, the US government is applying a "propagule pressure approach" in a variety of prevention policy contexts aimed at minimizing the impact of harmful organisms. However, there are also readily apparent opportunities for enacting propagule pressure-based measures to fill current gaps in invasive species prevention and control at national, state, and local levels. An explicit focus on propagule pressure-based policies could substantially increase the effectiveness of US efforts to prevent the introduction of invasive species through by intentional and unintentional introductions. C1 [Reaser, Jamie K.] Ravens Ridge Farm, Ecos Syst Inst, Stanardsville, VA 22973 USA. [Meyerson, Laura A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Von Holle, Betsy] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Reaser, JK (reprint author), Ravens Ridge Farm, Ecos Syst Inst, 1207 Bull Yearling Rd, Stanardsville, VA 22973 USA. EM ecos@nelsoncable.com; Laura_Meyerson@uri.edu RI Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013 FU EPA's Global Change Research Program; USDA Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Rhode Island College of Environmental Life Sciences; EPA; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) [CR828392] FX This review was inspired by discussion at the workshop "The link between propagule pressure and nonnative invasion success and impacts'' sponsored by the National Center for Environmental Assessment at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We thank Joe Cavey, Chris Dionigi, Dan Kluza, Richard Orr and Lori Williams for providing background information and Erika Patenude for assistance with manuscript preparation. We appreciate the insightful comments by Jeff Frithsen, Jeff McNeely, and Michael Slimak. Many thanks to Dan Simberloff for his support and encouragement. JKR's contribution to this paper was supported by a grant from the EPA's Global Change Research Program, within the Office of Research and Development. LAM was supported by a USDA Agricultural Experiment Station grant and the University of Rhode Island College of Environmental Life Sciences. BVH was supported by an AAAS Science and Engineering Fellowship at the EPA. The research described in this paper has been funded wholly or in part by the through cooperative agreement number CR828392 with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The views expressed herein may not necessarily reflect the views of EPA or AAAS and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1085 EP 1098 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9186-x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 341HI UT WOS:000258704400014 ER PT J AU Turi, JL Piantadosi, CA Stonehuerner, JD Ghio, AJ AF Turi, Jennifer L. Piantadosi, Claude A. Stonehuerner, Jackie D. Ghio, Andrew J. TI Iron accumulation in bronchial epithelial cells is dependent on concurrent sodium transport SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE iron; sodium; cation exchange ID OVERLOAD CARDIOMYOPATHY; CA2+ CHANNELS; LOW POTASSIUM; K+ CHANNELS; STIMULATION; TRANSFERRIN; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; NA,K-ATPASE; METABOLISM AB Airway epithelial cells prevent damaging effects of extracellular iron by taking up the metal and sequestering it within intracellular ferritin. Epithelial iron transport is associated with transcellular movement of other cations including changes in the expression or activity of Na, K-ATPase and epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). Given this relationship between iron and Na(+), we hypothesized that iron uptake by airway epithelial cells requires concurrent Na(+) transport. In preliminary studies, we found that Na(+)-free buffer blocked iron uptake by human airway epithelial cell. Na(+) channels inhibitors, including furosemide, bumetanide, and ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA) significantly decreased epithelial cell concentrations of non-heme iron suggesting that Na(+)-dependent iron accumulation involves generalized Na(+) flux into the cells rather than participation of one or more specific Na(+) channels. In addition, efflux of K(+) was detected during iron uptake, as was the influx of phosphate to balance the inward movement of cations. Together, these data demonstrate that intracellular iron accumulation by airway epithelium requires concurrent Na(+)/K(+)exchange. C1 [Turi, Jennifer L.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Piantadosi, Claude A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Stonehuerner, Jackie D.; Ghio, Andrew J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Turi, JL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, POB 3046, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM turi0002@mc.duke.edu FU National Institutes of Health [5K08HL081269-02] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant 5K08HL081269-02 (J. L. Turi). NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1007/s10534-008-9143-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 344AH UT WOS:000258897100007 PM 18483768 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Rachlow, JL Lackey, RT AF Scott, J. Michael Rachlow, Janet L. Lackey, Robert T. TI The Science-Policy Interface: What Is an Appropriate Role for Professional Societies? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE advocacy; policy; professional societies; scientists; science ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ADVOCACY; VALUES; CREDIBILITY; SCIENTISTS; RECOVERY; WORLD AB Scientists and their professional societies are seeking to increase their influence in shaping policy decisions. A recent call or natural resource professional societies to endorse position statements on economic growth raises questions about how scientific societies can and should a effectively contribute to policy development. Taking a stand on policy issues is akin to serving as a policy advocate. We believe that natural resource professionals can most constructively contribute to policy development by conducting rigorous research that is policy relevant and by effectively conveying the results and policy implications of that research to all parties interested in the issue. By actively engaging decisionmakers and providing information on pressing policy issues, professional societies can increase opportunities to be recognized as sources for reliable, unbiased information about natural resources and their management. C1 [Scott, J. Michael] US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Scott, J. Michael; Rachlow, Janet L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Lackey, Robert T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lackey, Robert T.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jrachlow@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1641/B580914 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 357ZS UT WOS:000259886500012 ER PT J AU Vo, TT Gladen, BC Cooper, GS Baird, DD Daniels, JL Gammon, MD Richardson, DB AF Vo, Thao T. Gladen, Beth C. Cooper, Glinda S. Baird, Donna D. Daniels, Julie L. Gammon, Marilie D. Richardson, David B. TI Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyls: Intraindividual changes, correlations, and predictors in healthy women from the Southeastern United States SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; HUMAN BREAST-MILK; ORGANOCHLORINE EXPOSURE; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NATURAL MENOPAUSE; TIME TRENDS; HALF-LIVES; DDT LEVELS; PCB AB Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been postulated to increase the risk of diseases such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, as well as lead to early menopause. Studies assessing the effect of organochlorine exposure often can only measure organochlorine levels once, such as at study enrollment, which may not be an etiologically relevant time period. We assessed the temporal changes in DDE and PCBs and the predictors of those changes using interview data and DDE and PCB measures collected from 123 women who were enrolled in a baseline study from 1978 to 1982 and followed up in 2003 to 2004. Baseline and follow-up organochlorine levels were compared using Spearman correlations (r(s)), and predictors of the rate of change in log concentration were evaluated using linear regression models. Although serum concentrations dramatically declined (median follow-up to baseline concentration ratio was 16% for DDE and 45% for PCB), baseline and follow-up measures were strongly correlated for DDE (r(s) = 0.72) and moderately correlated for PCBs (r(s) = 0.43). Prediction of follow-up PCB levels was substantially improved (r(s) = 0.75) with data on initial concentration, length of lactation, baseline body mass index, and percent change in body fat, whereas DDE prediction improved slightly (r(s) = 0.83) with data on lactation and baseline body mass index. These findings suggest that a single organochlorine measure provides considerable information on relative ranking at distant times and that the predictive power can be improved, particularly for PCBs, with information on a few predictors. C1 [Vo, Thao T.; Baird, Donna D.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gladen, Beth C.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Vo, Thao T.; Daniels, Julie L.; Gammon, Marilie D.; Richardson, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Baird, DD (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05,Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM baird@niehs.nih.gov RI Baird, Donna/D-5214-2017 OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX Grant support: Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2729 EP 2736 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0379 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 360IK UT WOS:000260051000028 PM 18843016 ER PT J AU Cunningham, AR Moss, ST Iype, SA Qian, G Qamar, S Cunningham, SL AF Cunningham, Albert R. Moss, Sharma T. Iype, Seena A. Qian, Gefei Qamar, Shahid Cunningham, Suzanne L. TI Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Rat Mammary Carcinogens SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; BREAST-CANCER; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS; CHALLENGE PROGRAM; POTENCY DATABASE; COMET ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; BIOASSAYS AB Structure-activity relationship (SAR) models are powerful tools to investigate the mechanisms of action of chemical carcinogens and to predict the potential carcinogenicity of untested compounds. We describe here the application of the cat-SAR (categorical-SAR) program to two learning sets of rat mammary carcinogens. One set of developed models was based on a comparison of rat mammary carcinogens to rat noncarcinogens (MC-NC), and the second set compared rat mammary carcinogens to rat nonmammary carcinogens (MC-NMC). On the basis of a leave-one-out validation, the best rat MC-NC model achieved a concordance between experimental and predicted values of 84%, a sensitivity of 79%, and a specificity of 89%. Likewise, the best rat MC-MNC model achieved a concordance of 78%, a sensitivity of 82%, and a specificity of 74%. The MC-NMC model was based on a learning set that contained carcinogens in both the active (i.e., mammary carcinogens) and the inactive (i.e., carcinogens to sites other than the mammary gland) categories and was able to distinguish between these different types of carcinogens (i.e., tissue specific), not simply between carcinogens and noncarcinogens. On the basis of a structural comparison between this model and one for Salmonella mutagens, there was, as expected, a significant relationship between the two phenomena since a high proportion of breast carcinogens are Salmonella mutagens. However, when analyzing the specific structural features derived from the MC-NC learning set, a dichotomy was observed between fragments associated with mammary carcinogenesis and mutagenicity and others that were associated with estrogenic activity. Overall, these findings suggest that the MC-NC and MC-NMC models are able to identify structural attributes that may in part address the question of "why do some carcinogens cause breast cancer", which is a different question than "why do some chemicals cause cancer". C1 [Cunningham, Albert R.; Iype, Seena A.; Qian, Gefei; Qamar, Shahid] Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Cunningham, Albert R.; Iype, Seena A.; Qian, Gefei; Qamar, Shahid] Univ Louisville, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Cunningham, Albert R.; Iype, Seena A.; Qian, Gefei; Qamar, Shahid] Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Moss, Sharma T.] US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. RP Cunningham, AR (reprint author), Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, 529 S Jackson St, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM al.cunningham@louisville.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P20 RR018733]; Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program [DAMD17-01-0376] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (P20 RR018733) and the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program (DAMD17-01-0376). Views, opinions of, and endorsements by the author(s) do not reflect those of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1970 EP 1982 DI 10.1021/tx8001725 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361SV UT WOS:000260148300013 PM 18759503 ER PT J AU Kenneke, JF Mazur, CS Ritger, SE Sack, TJ AF Kenneke, John F. Mazur, Christopher S. Ritger, Susan E. Sack, Thomas J. TI Mechanistic Investigation of the Noncytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism of Triadimefon to Triadimenol in Hepatic Microsomes SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE-1; TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; HEXOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; LIVER-MICROSOMES; IN-VITRO; TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; REDUCTIVE METABOLISM; CARBONYL REDUCTION; TOXICITY PROFILES AB Recently, much emphasis has been placed on understanding the toxic mode of action of the 1,2,4-triazole fungicides (i.e., conazoles) in an effort to improve and harmonize risk assessment. Relative to other conazoles, triadimefon is unique with respect to tumorigenesis in rodents, and it has been proposed that triadimefon does not share a common mechanism of toxicity with other conazoles. We postulate that one reason for this difference is that while many conazoles are metabolized via an oxidative P450-mediated pathway, triadimefon is not. In studies conducted with rat hepatic microsomes, triadimenol was identified as the major metabolite (similar to 80%) of triadimefon metabolism, and reduction of the carbonyl group in triadimefon occurred stereoselectively with preferential formation of the less toxic triadimenol B diastereomer. Using chemical inhibitors of P450s (i.e., clotrimazole and 1-aminobenzotriazole) and carbonyl reducing enzymes (i.e., glycyrrhetinic acid, quercitrin, and cortisone), both triadimefon depletion and triadimenol formation were found to be mediated by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 beta-HSD1). Studies examining NADPH production and inhibitor studies for glucose-6-phosphate translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane implicated hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH) in the metabolism of triadimefon as well. These results ultimately associate triadimefon metabolism not only with steroidogenesis (i.e., 11 beta-HSD1) but carbohydrate metabolism (i.e., H6PDH) as well. Considering the impact of triadimefon on these biochemical pathways may help explain some of triadimefon's unique toxicological effects relative to other conazole fungicides. C1 [Kenneke, John F.; Mazur, Christopher S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ritger, Susan E.] US EPA, Student Serv Author, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Sack, Thomas J.] US EPA, Senior Serv Amer, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kenneke, JF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1997 EP 2004 DI 10.1021/tx800211t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361SV UT WOS:000260148300016 PM 18763812 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Cluxton, P Kemper, M Dionysiou, DD Al-Abed, SR AF Agarwal, Shirish Cluxton, Phillip Kemper, Mark Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Assessment of the functionality of a pilot-scale reactor and its potential for electrochemical degradation of calmagite, a sulfonated azo-dye SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ESI-MS; Decolorization; UV spectra; Degradation pathway; Granular graphite ID ELECTROKINETIC SOIL REMEDIATION; ELECTROLYTIC DECHLORINATION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POROUS-MEDIA; WASTE-WATER; DECOLORIZATION; REDUCTION; REMOVAL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB Electrochemical degradation (ECD) is a promising technology for in situ remediation of diversely contaminated environmental matrices by application of a low level electric potential gradient. This investigation, prompted by successful bench-scale ECD of trichloroethylene, involved development, parametric characterization and evaluation of a pilot-scale electrochemical reactor for degradation of calmagite, a sulfonated azo-dye used as a model contaminant. The reactor has two chambers filled with granulated graphite for electrodes. The system has electrical potential, current, conductivity, pH, temperature, water-level and flow sensors for automated monitoring. The reactor supports outdoor and fail-safe venting, argon purging, temperature regulation and auto-shutdown for safety. Treatment involves recirculating the contaminated solution through the electrode beds at small flow velocities mimicking low fluid-flux in groundwater and submarine sediments. The first phase of the investigation involved testing of the reactor components, its parametric probes and the automated data acquisition system for performance as designed. The results showed hydraulic stability, consistent pH behavior, marginal temperature rise (< 5 degrees C) and overall safe and predictable performance under diverse conditions. Near complete removal of calmagite was seen at 3-10 V of applied voltage in 8-10 h. The effects of voltage and strength of electrolyte on degradation kinetics have been presented. Further, it was observed from the absorption spectra that as calmagite degrades over time, new peaks appear. These peaks were associated with degradation products identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A reaction mechanism for ECD of calmagite has also been proposed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kemper, Mark; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cluxton, Phillip] Cluxton Instruments Inc, Martinsville, OH 45146 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU National Risk Management Research Laboratory of US EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of US EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the opinions presented herein do not, necessarily, reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr. Stephen Macha for running the samples in the ESI-MS and for his insightful inputs. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2008 VL 73 IS 5 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.050 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360XB UT WOS:000260090400030 PM 18676003 ER PT J AU Jacobs, MN Janssens, W Bernauer, U Brandon, E Coecke, S Combes, R Edwards, P Freidig, A Freyberger, A Kolanczyk, R Mc Ardle, C Mekenyan, O Schmieder, P Schrader, T Takeyoshi, M van der Burg, B AF Jacobs, M. N. Janssens, W. Bernauer, U. Brandon, E. Coecke, S. Combes, R. Edwards, P. Freidig, A. Freyberger, A. Kolanczyk, R. Mc Ardle, C. Mekenyan, O. Schmieder, P. Schrader, T. Takeyoshi, M. van der Burg, B. TI The Use of Metabolising Systems for In Vitro Testing of Endocrine Disruptors SO CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM LA English DT Review DE Endocrine disruption; endocrine active substances; metabolism; cytochrome P450; estrogenicity; androgenicity ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; REPORTER GENE ASSAYS; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; HUMAN HEPATIC CYTOCHROME-P450; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; PROESTROGENIC PESTICIDE METHOXYCHLOR; HUMAN CYTOSOLIC SULFOTRANSFERASES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CATALYZED COVALENT BINDING; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES AB Legislation and prospective legislative proposals in for instance the USA, Europe, and Japan require, or may require that chemicals are tested for their ability to disrupt the hormonal systems of mammals. Chemicals found to test positive are considered to be endocrine active substances (EAS) and may be putative endocrine disruptors (EDs). To date, there is still little or no experience with incorporating metabolic and toxicokinetic aspects into in vitro tests for EAS. This is a situation in sharp contrast to genotoxicity testing, where in vitro tests are routinely conducted with and without metabolic capacity. Originally prepared for the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), this detailed review paper reviews why in vitro assays for EAS should incorporate mammalian systems of metabolism and metabolic enzyme systems, and indicates how this could be done. The background to ED testing, the available test methods, and the role of mammalian metabolism in the activation and the inactivation of both endogenous and exogenous steroids are described. The available types of systems are compared, and the potential problems in incorporating systems in in vitro tests for EAS, and how these might be overcome, are discussed. Lastly, some recommendations for future activities are made. C1 [Jacobs, M. N.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Vitro Toxicol Unit,ECVAM, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Janssens, W.] Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Bernauer, U.] BfR Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. [Brandon, E.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Freidig, A.] TNO, Nutr & Food Res, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Kolanczyk, R.; Schmieder, P.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. [Mc Ardle, C.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Jacobs, MN (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Vitro Toxicol Unit,ECVAM, TP 580 Via E Fermi 1, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM miriam.jacobs@jrc.it NR 330 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2002 EI 1875-5453 J9 CURR DRUG METAB JI Curr. Drug Metab. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 8 BP 796 EP 826 DI 10.2174/138920008786049294 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 359VB UT WOS:000260015100008 PM 18855613 ER PT J AU Rashleigh, B AF Rashleigh, Brenda TI Nestedness in riverine mussel communities: patterns across sites and fish hosts SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; META-COMMUNITY; ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT; RICHNESS; BIODIVERSITY; COOCCURRENCE; AMPHIBIANS AB The pattern of nestedness, where species present in depauperate locations are subsets of species present in locations with higher species diversity, is often found in ecological communities. Mussel communities examined in four rivers in the upper Tennessee River basin appeared significantly nested. Mussel species distributions were mostly unrelated to differences in immigration and only weakly related to downstream direction, giving some indication of structuring by differences in extinction. Mussel species distributions were not related to the number of fish species used as hosts for mussel larvae. Mussel species were more likely to overlap on common fish hosts; however, the host-use matrix was not nested-groups of mussel species used different sets of host fish species in a pattern that appeared phylogenetically related. Sites with high fish host abundance may support high mussel diversity by promoting the survival of mussel species that are less able to attract and infect hosts. Thus, nestedness in freshwater mussel communities may be driven by the array of host fish resources, combined with differences in species' abilities to use fish hosts. An understanding of the nested pattern in this region can aid conservation of this imperiled fauna. C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rashleigh, B (reprint author), US EPA, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rashleigh.brenda@epa.gov NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD OCT PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 612 EP 619 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05300.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356ZA UT WOS:000259814900008 ER PT J AU Forshay, KJ Johnson, PTJ Stock, M Penalva, C Dodson, SI AF Forshay, Kenneth J. Johnson, Pieter T. J. Stock, Melanie Penalva, Carolina Dodson, Stanley I. TI FESTERING FOOD: CHYTRIDIOMYCETE PATHOGEN REDUCES QUALITY OF DAPHNIA HOST AS A FOOD RESOURCE SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Daphnia pulicaria; disease ecology; fatty acid; food quality; food web; nitrogen; parasitism; phosphorus; Polycaryum laeve; stoichiometry; zooplankton ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; PHOSPHORUS-CONTENT; STOICHIOMETRY; ZOOPLANKTON; NUTRITION; MARINE; CARBON; FISH; PARASITISM; PREDATION AB When parasitic infections are severe or highly prevalent among prey, a significant component of the predator's diet may consist of parasitized hosts. However, despite the ubiquity of parasites in most food webs, comparisons of the nutritional quality of prey as a function of infection status are largely absent. We measured the nutritional consequences of chytridiomycete infections in Daphnia, which achieve high prevalence in lake ecosystems (> 80%), and tested the hypothesis that Daphnia pulicaria infected with Polycaryum laeve are diminished in food quality relative to uninfected hosts. Compared with uninfected adults, infected individuals were smaller, contained less nitrogen and phosphorus, and were lower in several important fatty acids. Infected zooplankton had significantly shorter carapace lengths (8%) and lower mass (8-20%) than uninfected individuals. Parasitized animals contained significantly less phosphorus (16-18% less by dry mass) and nitrogen (4-6% less) than did healthy individuals. Infected individuals also contained 26-34% less saturated fatty acid and 31-42% less docosahexaenoic acid, an essential fatty acid that is typically low in cladocera, but critical to fish growth. Our results suggest that naturally occurring levels of chytrid infections in D. pulicaria populations reduce the quality of food available to secondary consumers, including planktivorous fishes, with potentially important effects for lake food webs. C1 [Forshay, Kenneth J.; Stock, Melanie; Dodson, Stanley I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Pieter T. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Penalva, Carolina] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Forshay, KJ (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM Forshay.Ken@epa.gov RI Forshay, Ken/N-4068-2014; Forshay, Kenneth/P-3649-2015 OI Forshay, Ken/0000-0002-2867-8492; Forshay, Kenneth/0000-0002-2867-8492 FU University of Wisconsin Zoology Department; NSF LTER FX We thank T. Kratz, J. Vehrs, the North Temperate Lakes LTER program, D. Stanton, R. Hartson, L. Schwartzburgh, A. Liston, J. Rutka, T. Balser, K. Potter, D. Armstrong, P. Nowak, S. Park, P. Mayer, B. Forshay, and two anonymous reviewers for their assistance. Funding was provided by University of Wisconsin Zoology Department grants and NSF LTER. The research described herein was developed by the author, an employee of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), prior to his/her employment with EPA. It was conducted independently of EPA employment and has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review. Therefore, the conclusions and opinions drawn are solely those of the author and are not necessarily the views of the Agency. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2692 EP 2699 DI 10.1890/07-1984.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359NW UT WOS:000259995100004 PM 18959307 ER PT J AU Huang, JC Nychka, DW Smith, VK AF Huang, Ju-Chin Nychka, Douglas W. Smith, V. Kerry TI Semi-parametric discrete choice measures of willingness to pay SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE discrete choice methods; non-parametric regression; willingness to pay; cubic smoothing splines ID BINARY RESPONSE MODELS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; WELFARE EVALUATIONS; ESTIMATOR AB A semi-parametric discrete choice method is proposed to recover welfare measures from individual choice data. The proposed method is compared with the traditional binary choice models in an application to measure benefits of recreation trips. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Ju-Chin] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Econ, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Huang, Ju-Chin] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nychka, Douglas W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Smith, V. Kerry] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, V. Kerry] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Huang, JC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Econ, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jchuang@cisunix.unh.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2008.06.010 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 355TK UT WOS:000259731300027 ER PT J AU Barbee, GC Barich, J Duncan, B Bickham, JW Matson, CW Hintze, CJ Autenrieth, RL Zhou, GD McDonald, TJ Cizmas, L Norton, D Donnelly, KC AF Barbee, Gary C. Barich, John Duncan, Bruce Bickham, John W. Matson, Cole W. Hintze, Christopher J. Autenrieth, Robin L. Zhou, Guo-Dong McDonald, Thomas J. Cizmas, Leslie Norton, Dale Donnelly, Kirby C. TI In situ biomonitoring of PAH-contaminated sediments using juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE biomarker; sediment quality triad; PAH; ecotoxicity; coho salmon ID DNA-ADDUCTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH; RIVER; BIOMARKERS; WATER; GENOTOXICITY; SENSITIVITY; MICRONUCLEI AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous marine and freshwater sediment contaminants. Extensive data exist to confirm that PAHs are toxic to aquatic receptors. However, limited information is available regarding the bioavailability and genotoxicity of sediment PAHs to aquatic organisms. This study investigated an integrated biomonitoring approach using chemical analyses and biomarkers to characterize the bioavailability and genotoxicity of a complex PAH mixture in freshwater lake sediments associated with a former manufactured gas plant (MGP). Sediment PAH genotoxicity was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), DNA adduct P-32-postlabeling, and erythrocyte micronuclei in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) caged in the water column. Significant PAH-induced genotoxicity was observed with FCM and P-32-postlabeling. but not with erythrocyte micronuclei. Chromosome damage in peripheral blood and hepatic DNA adducts correlated with sediment, but not water column PAH concentrations. Total hepatic DNA adducts in salmon caged nearest the former MGP facility was 39 +/- 6.5 (RAL x 10(9)), while salmon caged in a reference lake had 28 +/- 2.3 total hepatic DNA adducts per 10(9) nucleotides. These results indicate that in situ biomonitoring using biomarkers and caged fish can be a sensitive indicator of genotoxic PAHs in sediments. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Guo-Dong; McDonald, Thomas J.; Cizmas, Leslie; Donnelly, Kirby C.] Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barbee, Gary C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barich, John; Duncan, Bruce] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Bickham, John W.; Matson, Cole W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hintze, Christopher J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Autenrieth, Robin L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Norton, Dale] Washington Dept Ecol, Bellview, WA USA. RP Donnelly, KC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kdonnelly@cvm.tamu.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Grant [P42 ES04917-10, P42 ES04917]; Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW); US Environmental Protection Agency (Region 10) FX This research was supported by an NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Grant (No. P42 ES04917-10), the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (Region 10). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the technical support of Dr. Ling-Yu He and Ms. Annika Gillespie. This study would not have been possible without the technical assistance of the USEPA dive crew, including Rob Pederson (dive master).; Funding provided by NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program Grant No. P42 ES04917. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 454 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.01.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 355MV UT WOS:000259713900016 PM 18304636 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Rogers, K AF Ding, Yongsheng Rogers, Kim TI Measurement of Nitrogen Mustard Degradation Products by Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microchip Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detection SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen mustard gas degradation products; Poly(dimethylsiloxane); Microchip capillary electrophoresis; Contactless conductivity detection; Poly(ethyleneimine) coating ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; SEPARATION; AGENT; POLLUTANTS; CHANNEL; DEVICES AB A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device with contactless conductivity detection for the determination of nitrogen mustard degradation products is reported. Three alkyl ethanolamines: N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), and triethanolamine (TEA), (degradation/ precursor products of HN-1, HN-2 and HN-3 blister agents) were analyzed by microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE). The original PDMS channel was coated by poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) to improve the separation of three ethanolamines. Experimental conditions for the separation and detection processes have been optimized to yield well defined separation and high sensitivity. The response times for the three ethanolamines were less than 5 min., the detection limits were 2.0-4.0 mg L-1 and the relative standard derivations for the migration times and peak heights were 1.6-2.3% and 4.1-5.7%, respectively The linearity of calibration for each of the compounds was as follows: MDEA, r(2) = 0.970; EDEA, r(2) = 0.994; TEA, r(2) = 0.988. Applicability of this method for natural (lake and tap) water samples was also demonstrated. Compared to conventional analytical methods, this miniaturized system offers promise for on-site monitoring of degradation products of the nitrogen mustard class of chemical warfare agents, with advantages of cost-effective construction., simple operation, portability, and small required sample volumes. C1 [Ding, Yongsheng; Rogers, Kim] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Rogers, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab LV, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM rogers.kim@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD); National Research Council Research Associateship Award; National Exposure Research Laboratory; Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), has funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations by the U.S. EPA.; YD gratefully acknowledges a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 20 IS 20 BP 2192 EP 2198 DI 10.1002/elan.200804320 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 369KL UT WOS:000260693300004 ER PT J AU Ye, XB Schoenfuss, HL Jahns, ND Delinsky, AD Strynar, MJ Varns, J Nakayama, SF Helfant, L Lindstrom, AB AF Ye, Xibiao Schoenfuss, Heiko L. Jahns, Nathan D. Delinsky, Amy D. Strynar, Mark J. Varns, Jerry Nakayama, Shoji F. Helfant, Larry Lindstrom, Andrew B. TI Perfluorinated compounds in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets from the Upper Mississippi River SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs); perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); fish fillet ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; GREAT-LAKES; ACIDS; WATER; FISH; HUMANS; CHAIN AB Ten different perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluooctane sulfonate (PFOS), were measured in 30 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets collected from three sites on the Upper Mississippi River in Minnesota in an effort to evaluate the potential impact of PFAA emissions in this area. Samples upstream of the city of St. Cloud (reference site) had median PFOS concentrations of 8.1 ng/g wet weight (ng/g wet wt), but median levels increased significantly downstream in the Minneapolis-St. Paul urban area, with concentrations from the Pig's Eye Lake site at 26 ng/g wet wt (p=0.001 5) and the Spring Lake site at 40 ng/g wet wt (p=0.0004). This latter PFOS concentration is within the advisory range for limiting fish consumption to one meal a week according to the Minnesota Department of Health. Other PFAAs were also found to increase significantly between the reference site and the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, but maximal concentrations remained below 2.0 ng/g wet wt. This study demonstrates the bioaccumulation of PFAAs in a ubiquitous fish species in a major urban area known to have historical inputs of various PFAA compounds. The full extent of this contamination and the potential for accumulation in other species remain to be evaluated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ye, Xibiao; Delinsky, Amy D.; Strynar, Mark J.; Varns, Jerry; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Helfant, Larry; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.; Jahns, Nathan D.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov RI Nakayama, Shoji/B-9027-2008 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 34 IS 7 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2008.02.003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355TM UT WOS:000259731500003 PM 18439677 ER PT J AU Dellinger, B D'Alessio, A D'Anna, A Ciajolo, A Gullett, B Henry, H Keener, M Lighty, J Lomnicki, S Lucas, D Oberdorster, G Pitea, D Suk, W Sarofim, A Smith, KR Stoeger, T Tolbert, P Wyzga, R Zimmermann, R AF Dellinger, Barry D'Alessio, Antonio D'Anna, Andrea Ciajolo, Anna Gullett, Brian Henry, Heather Keener, Mel Lighty, JoAnn Lomnicki, Slawomir Lucas, Donald Oberdorster, Gunter Pitea, Demetrio Suk, William Sarofim, Adel Smith, Kirk R. Stoeger, Tobias Tolbert, Paige Wyzga, Ron Zimmermann, Ralf TI Combustion Byproducts and Their Health Effects: Summary of the 10(th) International Congress SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE products of incomplete combustion; PICs, biomass combustion; persistent free radicals; particulate matter; soot; NOC; nanoparticles; ultrafine particles; dioxins; mercury; tobacco smoke ID ULTRAFINE CARBON PARTICLES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SMOKE EXPOSURE; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOOT FORMATION; FLY-ASH; FINE AB The 10th International Congress on Combustion Byproducts and their Health Effects was held in Ischia, Italy, from June 17-20, 2007. It is sponsored by the US NIEHS, NSF, Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI), and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The congress focused on: the origin, characterization, and health impacts of combustion-generated fine and ultrafine particles; emissions of mercury and dioxins, and the development/ application of novel analytical/diagnostic tools. The consensus of the discussion was that particle-associated organics, metals, and persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by combustion sources are the likely source of the observed health impacts of airborne PM rather than simple physical irritation of the particles. Ultrafine particle-induced oxidative stress is a likely progenitor of the observed health impacts, but important biological and chemical details and possible catalytic cycles remain unresolved. Other key conclusions were: (1) In urban settings, 70% of airborne fine particles are a result of combustion emissions and 50% are due to primary emissions from combustion sources, (2) In addition to soot, combustion produces one, possibly two, classes of nanoparticles with mean diameters of similar to 10 nm and similar to 1 nm. (3) The most common metrics used to describe particle toxicity, viz. surface area, sulfate concentration, total carbon, and organic carbon, cannot fully explain observed health impacts, (4) Metals contained in combustion-generated ultrafine and fine particles mediate formation of toxic air pollutants such as PCDD/F and PFRs. (5) The combination of metal-containing nanoparticles, organic carbon compounds, and PFRs can lead to a cycle generating oxidative stress in exposed organisms. C1 [Dellinger, Barry; Lomnicki, Slawomir] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [D'Alessio, Antonio; D'Anna, Andrea] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Ingn Chim, Naples, Italy. [Ciajolo, Anna] CNR, Ist Ric Combust, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Gullett, Brian] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Henry, Heather; Suk, William] NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Keener, Mel] CRWI, Washington, DC USA. [Lighty, JoAnn; Sarofim, Adel] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lucas, Donald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oberdorster, Gunter] Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Pitea, Demetrio] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, Milan, Italy. [Stoeger, Tobias; Zimmermann, Ralf] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Ecol Chem, Hemholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. [Tolbert, Paige] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wyzga, Ron] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Zimmermann, Ralf] Univ Rostock, Inst Chem, Chair Analyt Chem, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Dellinger, B (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, 413 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM barryd@lsu.edu RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Stoger, Tobias/M-9861-2014; ciajolo, anna/M-7850-2015; OI Stoger, Tobias/0000-0002-2790-0389; ciajolo, anna/0000-0003-3882-4964; D'Anna, Andrea/0000-0001-9018-3637 FU Analisi e Monitoraggio del Rischio Ambientale (AMRA); National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI); Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Louisiana State University (LSU); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); National Science Foundation (NSF); Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; University of California-Berkeley FX We would like to acknowledge the sponsors of the conference for their financial and organizational support: Analisi e Monitoraggio del Rischio Ambientale (AMRA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Louisiana State University (LSU), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Science Foundation (NSF), Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, and University of California-Berkeley NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1114 DI 10.1089/ees.2008.0233 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359RA UT WOS:000260004600001 PM 22476005 ER PT J AU Ali, R Olden, K Xu, SQ AF Ali, Robbie Olden, Kenneth Xu, Shunqing TI Community-based participatory research: A vehicle to promote public engagement for environmental health in China SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE CBPR; China; China environmental health; community-based participatory research; environmental justice; international environmental health ID SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL; EXPOSURE; JUSTICE; WORKERS; HARLEM AB BACKGROUND: In the past 25 years, China has experienced remarkable economic growth and rapid agricultural-to-industrial and rural-to-urban transitions. As a consequence, China now faces many daunting environmental challenges that are significantly affecting human health and quality of life, including indoor and outdoor air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, loss of agricultural land, and sustainability. Chinese government leaders have recently emphasized the need for better environmental protection practices along with interventions involving strong public participation. OBJECTIVES: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative approach to research that involves community members, organizational representatives, and researchers as equal participants in all phases of the research process. Over the past 15 years, CBPR has gained recognition and acceptance and is now valued as a means to effect change and provide scientific knowledge relevant to human health and the environment. In this article we highlight the success of CBPR in the United States and suggest that it could be a useful model for addressing environmental health problems in the People's Republic of China. DISCUSSION: CBPR can reduce the tension between science and society by promoting genuine communication, by enabling scientists and administrators to listen and respond to the public, by allowing communities to help shape the research agenda, and by increasing accountability of researchers and governments to the public. CONCLUSIONS: CBPR can potentially help improve environmental health in China, but it is likely to take a different form than it has in the West because the government will be leading the way. C1 [Ali, Robbie] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Olden, Kenneth] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Xu, Shunqing] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Ali, R (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, A226A Crabtree Hall,130 Desoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM rali@pitt.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1281 EP 1284 DI 10.1289/ehp.11399 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 355TA UT WOS:000259730100017 PM 18941566 ER PT J AU Levin, R Brown, MJ Kashtock, ME Jacobs, DE Whelan, EA Rodman, J Schock, MR Padilla, A Sinks, T AF Levin, Ronnie Brown, Mary Jean Kashtock, Michael E. Jacobs, David E. Whelan, Elizabeth A. Rodman, Joanne Schock, Michael R. Padilla, Alma Sinks, Thomas TI Lead exposures in US children, 2008: Implications for prevention SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE children's health; environmental health; lead poisoning; primary prevention ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; REFUGEE CHILDREN; URBAN CHILDREN; DRINKING-WATER; RISK-FACTORS; BREAST-MILK; HOUSE-DUST; NEW-YORK AB OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the sources of lead in the environments of U.S. children, contributions to children's blood lead levels, source elimination and control efforts, and existing federal authorities. Our context is the U.S. public health goal to eliminate pediatric elevated blood lead levels (EBLs) by 2010. DATA SOURCES: National, state, and local exposure assessments over the past half century have identified risk factors for EBLs among U.S. children, including age, race, income, age and location of housing, parental occupation, and season. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Recent national policies have greatly reduced lead exposure among U.S. children, but even very low exposure levels compromise children's later intellectual development and lifetime achievement. No threshold for these effects has been demonstrated. Although lead paint and dust may still account for up to 70% of EBLs in U.S. children, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that >= 30% of current EBLs do not have an immediate lead paint source, and numerous studies indicate that lead exposures result from multiple sources. EBLs and even deaths have been associated with inadequately controlled sources including ethnic remedies and goods, consumer products, and food-related items such as ceramics. Lead in public drinking water and in older urban centers remain exposure sources in many areas. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving the 2010 goal requires maintaining current efforts, especially programs addressing lead paint, while developing interventions that prevent exposure before children are poisoned. It also requires active collaboration across all levels of government to identify and control all potential sources of lead exposure, as well as primary prevention. C1 [Levin, Ronnie; Padilla, Alma] US EPA SEP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Brown, Mary Jean; Sinks, Thomas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kashtock, Michael E.] US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. [Jacobs, David E.] Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Whelan, Elizabeth A.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Rodman, Joanne] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Levin, R (reprint author), US EPA SEP, 1 Congress St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM levin.ronnie@epa.gov NR 170 TC 138 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1289/ehp.11241 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 355TA UT WOS:000259730100018 PM 18941567 ER PT J AU Lawler, CP AF Lawler, Cindy P. TI The "Environment" for autism research: Signs of improvement? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lawler, Cindy P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, InterAgcy Autism Coordinating Comm, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Lawler, CP (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, InterAgcy Autism Coordinating Comm, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM lawler@niehs.nih.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 116 IS 10 BP A416 EP A417 DI 10.1289/ehp.12107 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 355TA UT WOS:000259730100001 PM 18941547 ER PT J AU Cormier, SM Suter, GW AF Cormier, Susan M. Suter, Glenn W., II TI A framework for fully integrating environmental assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE environmental assessment; environmental management; causality; risk assessment; ecology; environmental epidemiology; eco-epidemiology; environmental outcome ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS; URBAN AB A new framework for environmental assessment is needed because no existing framework explicitly includes all types of environmental assessments. We propose a framework that focuses on resolving environmental problems by integrating different types of assessments. Four general types of assessments are included: (1) condition assessments to detect chemical, physical, and biological impairments; (2) causal pathway assessments to determine causes and identify their sources; (3) predictive assessments to estimate environmental, economic, and societal risks, and benefits associated with different possible management actions; and (4) outcome assessments to evaluate the results of the decisions of an integrative assessment. The four types of assessments can be neatly arrayed in a two-by-two matrix based on the direction of analysis of causal relationships (rows) and whether the assessment identifies problems or solves them (columns). We suggest that all assessments have a common structure of planning, analysis, and synthesis, thus simplifying terminology and facilitating communication between types of assessments and environmental programs. The linkage between assessments is based on intermediate decisions that initiate another assessment or a final decision signaling the resolution of the problem. The framework is applied to three cases: management of a biologically impaired river, remediation of a contaminated site, and reregistration of a pesticide. We believe that this framework clarifies the relationships among the various types of assessment processes and their links to specific decisions. C1 [Cormier, Susan M.; Suter, Glenn W., II] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cormier, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MS A130,26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cormier.susan@epa.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 543 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9138-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 348CX UT WOS:000259189700001 PM 18506517 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Rider, CV Wilson, VS Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra L. Rider, Cynthia V. Wilson, Vickie S. Gray, L. Earl, Jr. TI Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Plastic World CY AUG 19-24, 2006 CL Erice, ITALY SP World Federat Scientists DE Phthalate esters; Testosterone production; Leydig cell maturation; insl3; Human testicular dysgenesis syndrome; Phthalate mixtures ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; DOSE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS; LEYDIG-CELL AGGREGATION; INSULIN-LIKE FACTOR-3; CARE-UNIT INFANTS; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; FETAL-RAT AB Phthalate esters are high production volume chemicals used to impart flexibility to polyvinyl chloride products as well as other applications. In the male laboratory rat, the period of sexual differentiation in utero is particularly sensitive to certain phthalate esters, which induce a suite of reproductive malformations, including epididymal and gubernacular agenesis. The fetal rat testes are a main target for phthalate esters as evidenced by a reduction in testosterone production and insulin-like hormone 3 (insl3) expression, a peptide hormone critical for testis descent. Histopathology of fetal and postnatal testes reveals that in utero exposure to phthalate esters disrupts Leydig and Sertoli cell maturation leading to a reduction in germ cells in the malformed seminiferous tubules in adulthood as well as an increased incidence of multinucleated germ cells. There are some strain-specific differences in the target organ cells in the male reproductive tract in rats affected by phthalate esters. Mixtures of phthalate esters with one another and with other anti-androgenic compounds exhibit cumulative, largely dose-additive effects on male reproductive tract development when administered during sexual differentiation in utero. Since phthalate ester metabolites are detected in maternal and fetal body fluids, and androgen-signaling and insl3 are highly conserved among mammals, phthalates may potentially affect human reproductive development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Howdeshell, Kembra L.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, US EPA Cooperat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Howdeshell, KL (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM howdeshell.kembra@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 82 TC 109 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 108 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 361MS UT WOS:000260132400006 PM 18949836 ER PT J AU Weintraub, M Birnbaum, LS AF Weintraub, Max Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Response to "Commentary on 'Elevated PCB levels in anglers and unsuspected transport of pollutants from aquatic food webs into human foods'" SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID FISH CONSUMPTION C1 [Weintraub, Max] US EPA, Communities & Ecosyst Div, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weintraub, M (reprint author), US EPA, Communities & Ecosyst Div, 75 Hawthorne St CED-4, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM weintraub.max@epa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 108 IS 2 BP 269 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.06.013 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 361MS UT WOS:000260132400020 ER PT J AU Grandesso, E Ryan, S Gullett, B Touati, A Collina, E Lasagni, M Pitea, D AF Grandesso, Emanuela Ryan, Shawn Gullett, Brian Touati, Abderrahmane Collina, Elena Lasagni, Marina Pitea, Demetrio TI Kinetic modeling of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran formation based on carbon degradation reactions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO-SYNTHESIS; MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS; FLY-ASH; MECHANISM; PCDD/F; GASIFICATION; COMBUSTION; FURANS; SOOT AB Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor were performed to determine the role of temperature and time in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) formation, allowing a global kinetic expression to be written for PCDD/F formation due to soot oxidation in fly ash deposits. Rate constants were calculated for the reactions of carbon degradation, PCDD/F formation, desorption, and degradation. For the first time, values for activation and thermodynamic parameters for the overall reactions have been calculated for PCDD/F formation, desorption, and destruction reactions. Good agreement was found between the calculated rate constants for carbon degradation and for PCDD/F formation, indicating that the two processes have a common rate-determining step. Moreover, PCDD/F formation was found to be still active after long reaction times (24 h). These results points out the importance of carbon deposits in the postcombustion stages that can account for emissions long after their formation (memory effects). The calculated formation rates were 7-15times higher than those reported in the literature from fly ash-only experiments, indicating the importance of both soot and a continuous source of chlorine. A comparison between full-scale incinerator rates and model calculated rates indicates that our model based on carbon degradation kinetic can be a tool to estimate emissions. C1 [Grandesso, Emanuela; Gullett, Brian] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Grandesso, Emanuela; Collina, Elena; Lasagni, Marina; Pitea, Demetrio] Milano Bicocca Univ, Dept Environm Sci, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Ryan, Shawn] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr E343 06, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Touati, Abderrahmane] ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Grandesso, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM grandesso.emanuela@epa.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 19 BP 7218 EP 7224 DI 10.1021/es8012479 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353XX UT WOS:000259603700032 PM 18939549 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Raimondo, S Russom, C Vivian, DN Yee, SH AF Barron, Mace G. Raimondo, Sandy Russom, Christine Vivian, Deborah N. Yee, Susan H. TI Accuracy of chronic aquatic toxicity estimates determined from acute toxicity data and two time-response models SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acute toxicity; aquatic organisms; chronic toxicity; time-response model ID PREDICTING CHRONIC LETHALITY; CHEMICALS; FISHES AB Traditionally, chronic toxicity in aquatic organisms and wildlife has been determined from either toxicity test data, acute to chronic ratios, or application of safety factors. A more recent alternative approach has been to estimate chronic toxicity by modeling the time course of mortality as determined in standard acute toxicity tests, but these approaches have received limited validation. The accuracy of chronic toxicity estimates from two time-response models, linear regression analysis (LRA) and accelerated life testing (ALT), was investigated using a dataset of more than 150 matched species pairs of standard acute toxicity test data and measured chronic no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs). Chronic survival was more accurately modeled by both ALT (accuracy, 69%) and LRA (accuracy, 76%) than was reproduction, growth, or the most sensitive endpoint (accuracy, 50 60%). In general, LRA estimates of chronic toxicity were less conservative than ALT estimates, with 66 to 79% of LRA estimates being greater than the measured NOEC. Acute datasets with early mortality produced estimates of chronic survival that were more accurate (ALT, 92%; LRA, 89%) compared to all datasets but were less conservative (84% of ALT estimates were overestimated vs 93% of LRA estimates). Acute datasets with late mortality resulted in poor ALT and LRA estimates of chronic toxicity for all endpoints. Additional survival time measurements did not improve the accuracy of ALT or LRA estimates of chronic toxicity over the standard four acute measurement times (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The time course of mortality should be considered when applying time-response models to estimate chronic aquatic toxicity, with greater accuracy likely for chronic survival than for growth or reproduction. C1 [Barron, Mace G.; Raimondo, Sandy; Vivian, Deborah N.; Yee, Susan H.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Russom, Christine] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM barron.mace@epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The present information and analyses have been funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution 1324 from the Gulf Ecology Division. Thanks to our U. S. EPA colleagues (Brian Monteque, Larry Goodman, Ann Kuhn, and Teresa Norberg-King) for providing the data used in these analyses. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2196 EP 2205 DI 10.1897/08-004.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 349QJ UT WOS:000259295700025 PM 19108043 ER PT J AU Harry, GJ Kraft, AD AF Harry, Gaylia Jean Kraft, Andrew D. TI Neuroinflammation and microglia: considerations and approaches for neurotoxicity assessment SO EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ageing; immunotoxicology; mercury; microglia; neurodegenerative disease; neuroinflammation; neurotoxicology ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HIPPOCAMPAL SLICE CULTURES; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CELL-DEATH; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DENTATE GYRUS; AMYLOID-BETA; IN-VITRO AB Background: The impact of an inflammatory response, as well as interactions between the immune and nervous systems, are rapidly assuming major roles in neurodegenerative disease and injury. However, it is now appreciated that the exact nature of such responses can differ with each type of insult and interaction. More recently, neuroinflammation and the associated cellular response of microglia are being considered for their contribution to neurotoxicity of environmental agents; yet, so far, the inclusion of inflammatory end points into neurotoxicity assessment have relied primarily on relatively limited measures or driven by in vitro models of neurotoxicity. Objective: To present background information on relevant biological considerations of neuroinflammation and the microglia response demonstrating the complex integrative nature of these biological processes and raising concern with regards to translation of effects demonstrated in vitro to the in vivo situation. Specific points are addressed that would influence the design and interpretation of neuroinflammation with regards to neurotoxicology assessment. Conclusion: There is a complex and dynamic response in the brain to regulate inflammatory processes and maintain a normal homeostatic level. The classification of such responses as beneficial or detrimental is an oversimplification. Neuroinflammation should be considered as a balanced network of processes in which subtle modifications can shift the cells toward disparate outcomes. The tendency to overinterpret data obtained in an isolated culture system should be discouraged. Rather, the use of cross-disciplinary approaches to evaluate several end points should be incorporated into the assessment of inflammatory contributions to the neurotoxicity of environmental exposures. C1 [Harry, Gaylia Jean; Kraft, Andrew D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Neurotoxicol Grp, Neurobiol Lab,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harry, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Neurotoxicol Grp, Neurobiol Lab,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD C1-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM harry@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [IZ01ES101623-05] FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under Project no. IZ01ES101623-05. NR 117 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1742-5255 J9 EXPERT OPIN DRUG MET JI Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1277 DI 10.1517/17425250802384076 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 360DL UT WOS:000260037100002 PM 18798697 ER PT J AU Brunk, I Blex, C Sanchis-Segura, C Sternberg, J Perreau-Lenz, S Bilbao, A Hortnagl, H Baron, J Juranek, J Laube, G Birnbaumer, L Spanagel, R Ahnert-Hilger, G AF Brunk, Irene Blex, Christian Sanchis-Segura, Carles Sternberg, Jan Perreau-Lenz, Stephanie Bilbao, Ainhoa Hoertnagl, Heide Baron, Jens Juranek, Judyta Laube, Gregor Birnbaumer, Lutz Spanagel, Rainer Ahnert-Hilger, Gudrun TI Deletion of Go2 alpha abolishes cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization by disturbing the striatal dopamine system SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE vesicular regulation; VMAT2; locomotor activity; psychostimulants ID VESICULAR MONOAMINE; PLACE PREFERENCE; TRANSMITTER UPTAKE; LIGHT RESPONSE; QUANTAL SIZE; PROTEIN; REWARD; MICE; AMPHETAMINE; VMAT2 AB The alpha-subunits of the trimeric Go class of GTPases, comprising the splice variants Go1 alpha and Go2 alpha, are abundantly expressed in brain and reside on both plasma membrane and synaptic vesicles. Go2 alpha is involved in the vesicular storage of monoamines but its physiological relevance is still obscure. We now show that genetic depletion of Go2 alpha reduces motor activity induced by dopamine-enhancing drugs like cocaine, as repeated injections of cocaine fail to provoke behavioral sensitization in Go2 alpha(-/-) mice. In Go2 alpha(-/-) mice, D1 receptor signaling in the striatum is attenuated due to a reduced expression of Golf alpha and Gs alpha. Following cocaine treatment, Go2 alpha(-/-) mice have lower D1 and higher D2 receptor amounts compared to wild-type mice. The lack of behavioral sensitization correlates with reduced dopamine levels in the striatum and decreased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. One reason for the neurochemical changes may be a reduced uptake of monoamines by synaptic vesicles from Go2 alpha(-/-) mice as a consequence of a lowered set point for filling. We conclude that Go2 alpha optimizes vesicular filling which is instrumental for normal dopamine functioning and for the development of drug-induced behavioral sensitization. C1 [Sanchis-Segura, Carles; Perreau-Lenz, Stephanie; Bilbao, Ainhoa; Spanagel, Rainer] Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Psychopharmacol, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Brunk, Irene; Blex, Christian; Sternberg, Jan; Baron, Jens; Juranek, Judyta; Laube, Gregor; Ahnert-Hilger, Gudrun] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Ctr Anat, Inst Integrat Neuroanat, Berlin, Germany. [Sanchis-Segura, Carles; Perreau-Lenz, Stephanie; Bilbao, Ainhoa; Spanagel, Rainer] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Pharmacol, Berlin, Germany. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Spanagel, R (reprint author), Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Psychopharmacol, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. EM gudrun.ahnert@charite.de; rainer.spanagel@zi-mannheim.de RI Sanchis-Segura, Carla/C-5222-2012; Juranek, Judyta/I-1120-2013; Perreau-Lenz, Stephanie/D-2309-2014; OI Sanchis-Segura, Carla/0000-0002-6951-5972; Perreau-Lenz, Stephanie/0000-0001-9529-6403; Juranek, Judyta /0000-0001-8665-6606 FU Deutsche Forshungsgemeinschaft [AH 67/3-3]; Forschungsforderung der Charite; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Nationales Genomforschungsnetz); Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health [Z01ES01643] FX This work was supported by the Deutsche Forshungsgemeinschaft (AH 67/3-3), the Forschungsforderung der Charite to G.A.H., by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Nationales Genomforschungsnetz) to R.S., and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health to L.B. (Z01ES01643). Technical assistance of Marion Mobes and Birgit Metze (both Charite) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3736 EP 3746 DI 10.1096/fj.08-111245 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 354MB UT WOS:000259642600034 PM 18606864 ER PT J AU Crain, DA Janssen, SJ Edwards, TM Heindel, J Ho, SM Hunt, P Iguchi, T Juul, A McLachlan, JA Schwartz, J Skakkebaek, N Soto, AM Swan, S Walker, C Woodruff, TK Woodruff, TJ Giudice, LC Guillette, LJ AF Crain, D. Andrew Janssen, Sarah J. Edwards, Thea M. Heindel, Jerrold Ho, Shuk-mei Hunt, Patricia Iguchi, Taisen Juul, Anders McLachlan, John A. Schwartz, Jackie Skakkebaek, Niels Soto, Ana M. Swan, Shanna Walker, Cheryl Woodruff, Teresa K. Woodruff, Tracey J. Giudice, Linda C. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Female reproductive disorders: the roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Review DE epigenetic; reproduction; endocrine disruption; aneuploidy; PCOS; cyclicity; endometriosis; leiomyoma; breast cancer; lactation; puberty ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; BREAST-CANCER RISK; BISPHENOL-A EXPOSURE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; BODY-MASS INDEX; PRENATAL DIETHYLSTILBESTROL EXPOSURE; OVINE UTERINE DEVELOPMENT; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS AB Objective: To evaluate the possible role of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on female reproductive disorders emphasizing developmental plasticity and the complexity of endocrine-dependent ontogeny of reproductive organs. Declining conception rates and the high incidence of female reproductive disruptions warrant evaluation of the impact of EDCs on female reproductive health. Design: Publications related to the contribution of EDCs to disorders of the ovary (aneuploidy, polycystic ovary syndrome, and altered cyclicity), uterus (endometriosis, uterine fibroids, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy loss), breast (breast cancer, reduced duration of lactation), and pubertal timing were identified, reviewed, and summarized at a workshop. Conclusion(S): The data reviewed illustrate that EDCs contribute to numerous human female reproductive disorders and emphasize the sensitivity of early life-stage exposures. Many research gaps are identified that limit full understanding of the contribution of EDCs to female reproductive problems. Moreover, there is an urgent need to reduce the incidence of these reproductive disorders, which can be addressed by correlative studies on early life exposure and adult reproductive dysfunction together with tools to assess the specific exposures and methods to block their effects. This review of the EDC literature as it relates to female health provides an important platform on which women's health can be improved. C1 [Edwards, Thea M.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Crain, D. Andrew] Maryville Coll, Maryville, TN USA. [Janssen, Sarah J.] Natl Resources Def Council, San Francisco, CA USA. [Heindel, Jerrold] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ho, Shuk-mei] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Hunt, Patricia] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Iguchi, Taisen] Natl Inst Basic Biol, Natl Inst Nat Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan. [Juul, Anders; Skakkebaek, Niels] Univ Dept Growth & Reprod, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark. [McLachlan, John A.] Tulane Univ, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [McLachlan, John A.] Xavier Univ, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. [Schwartz, Jackie; Woodruff, Teresa K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Reprod Hlth & Environm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Soto, Ana M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Swan, Shanna] Univ Rochester, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY USA. [Walker, Cheryl] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Smithville, TX USA. [Woodruff, Teresa K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Inst Womens Hlth Res, Chicago, IL USA. [Giudice, Linda C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Guillette, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, 223 Bartram Hall,Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ljg@zoology.ufl.edu RI Juul, Anders /F-5864-2013; OI Juul, Anders/0000-0002-0534-4350 FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024926]; NICHD NIH HHS [U54 HD041857, U54 HD076188]; NIDCR NIH HHS [UL1 DE019587]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES006096] NR 308 TC 174 Z9 178 U1 10 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 90 IS 4 BP 911 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067 PG 30 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 358UQ UT WOS:000259943400003 PM 18929049 ER PT J AU Waits, ER Bagley, MJ Blum, MJ McCormick, FH Lazorchak, JM AF Waits, Eric R. Bagley, Mark J. . Blum, Michael J. . McCormick, Frank H. Lazorchak, James M. TI Source-sink dynamics sustain central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) in a heavily urbanized catchment SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic biological assessment; conservation; effective population size; migration; population genetics ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; STREAM-FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SALMO-SALAR L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; ALLELE FREQUENCY; PISCIVOROUS BASS; GRAZING MINNOWS AB 1. The influence of spatial structure on population dynamics within river-stream networks is poorly understood. Utilizing spatially explicit analyses of temporal genetic variance, we tested whether persistence of central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) reflects differences in habitat quality and location within a highly modified urban catchment in southwestern Ohio, U.S.A. 2. Estimates of genetic diversity did not vary with habitat quality. Nevertheless, evidence of weak but temporally stable genetic structure, location-dependent effective population sizes and rates of immigration among sites, together suggest that persistence of central stonerollers within the catchment may be attributable to source-sink dynamics driven by habitat heterogeneity. 3. Under this scenario, migrant-pool colonization from areas of relatively high habitat quality in the upper catchment sustains the presence of central stonerollers at degraded sites in the main stem and dampens population subdivision within the catchment. However, because intact habitat is restricted to the upper portion of the catchment, it is not possible to preclude net downstream dispersal as a mechanism contributing to source-sink dynamics. The slight genetic structure that persists appears to reflect weak isolation by distance diminished by high rates of immigration. 4. This study suggests that without a systems perspective of the conditions that sustain populations in degraded waterways, environmental assessments may underestimate levels of impairment. Conservation and management of stream fishes could be improved by maintaining habitat in areas that are net exporters of migrants or by remediation of impaired habitat. C1 [Waits, Eric R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Waits, ER (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM waits.eric@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU US EPA Ecological Exposure Research Division FX We would like to thank John Darling for insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the US EPA Ecological Exposure Research Division. Although this work was reviewed by the US EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 81 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2061 EP 2075 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02030.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 347NL UT WOS:000259148200012 ER PT J AU Robinson, K Suzman, R Sykes, K Weeks, JD Iams, H Greenberg, S AF Robinson, K. Suzman, R. Sykes, K. Weeks, J. Dawson Iams, H. Greenberg, S. TI RECOGNITION OF EXCELLENCE IN AGING RESEARCH AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Robinson, K.; Weeks, J. Dawson] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Suzman, R.] NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sykes, K.] US EPA, Aging Initiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Iams, H.] Social Secur Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Greenberg, S.] Adm Aging, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 541 EP 541 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810602142 ER PT J AU Kaye, L Sykes, K Achenbaum, A Moody, H AF Kaye, L. Sykes, K. Achenbaum, A. Moody, H. TI SAFE MEDICINE DISPOSAL: SUCCESSES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CREATING A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kaye, L.] Univ Maine, Ctr Aging, Bangor, ME USA. [Sykes, K.] Environm Protect Agcy, Aging Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Achenbaum, A.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Moody, H.] AARP, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 765 EP 765 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810602913 ER PT J AU May, HD AF May, Henry D. TI A Pervasive Electric Field in the Heliosphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electric fields; heliosphere; solar modulation; solar wind; synodic solar disturbance ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR-WIND; MODULATION; LONGITUDES; PARTICLES AB It is a widely held belief that a large-scale electric field of any significant magnitude cannot be present in the heliosphere because of electric currents through the highly conductive plasma, present throughout the heliosphere, which would immediately neutralize any nascent electric fields. This paper questions that longstanding belief and describes a mechanism to account for such a field. Some of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) ions lose almost all of their kinetic energy from solar modulation and, due to their short radii of gyration, are effectively deposited continuously throughout the heliosphere inside the solar wind termination shock. It is pointed out here that the deposition of these ions occurs at a greater rate than that for GCR electrons, and that a large-scale static electric field is sustained by the ions because of the time delay in the arrival of neutralizing electron currents. C1 [May, Henry D.] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2876 EP 2879 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2001861 PN 4 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378ZM UT WOS:000261363700014 ER PT J AU Choudhury, H Mudipalli, A AF Choudhury, H. Mudipalli, Anu TI Potential considerations & concerns in the risk characterization for the interaction profiles of metals SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Hazard index; reference dose (RfD); target organ toxicity dose (TTD) ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; PERIPHERAL-NERVE CONDUCTION; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; DIETARY ZINC; CADMIUM-EXPOSURE; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; VITAMIN-C; CONCURRENT EXPOSURE; RATS; TOXICITY AB The contaminants of concern for smelting and mining sites include arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Risk assessments for such sites need to consider whether toxicity values can be developed for this mixture, and if not, whether interactions among the individual components are significant and can be incorporated quantitatively into the assessment. No information is available for the risk characterization of the toxic interactions of AsCdPbZn mixtures. Studies of the AsCdPb and CdPbZn mixtures supported the assumption that a reasonable approximation to the toxicity of a mixture can be achieved by considering the binary submixtures. Data relevant to long-term simultaneous exposure to binary submixtures were not conclusive. For example, data from animal and human studies of Zn and Ph suggested that moderately elevated Zn intakes may slightly inhibit Ph absorption and haematological effects in children who have deficient or marginal Zn intakes, but were not adequate for adjusting absorption parameters in the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model for Pb. Thus the existing database calls for plausible approaches for risk characterization and considerations in the data usage for such characterization. This article is an attempt to identify such data gaps and the scientific considerations for such efforts. C1 [Choudhury, H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mudipalli, Anu] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Choudhury, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS-A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM choudhury.harlal@epa.gov NR 138 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 128 IS 4 BP 462 EP 483 PG 22 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 390KY UT WOS:000262164400010 PM 19106441 ER PT J AU Nadadur, SS Srirama, K Mudipalli, A AF Nadadur, S. S. Srirama, K. Mudipalli, Anuradha TI Iron transport & homeostasis mechanisms: Their role in health & disease SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Anaemia; haemochromatosis; hepcidin; homeostasis; iron; trace metal ID METAL-ION TRANSPORTERS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MOLECULAR CONTROL; SOLUTE CARRIERS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPCIDIN; METABOLISM; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; FERRITIN; FAMILY AB Iron is an essential trace metal required by all living organisms and is toxic in excess. Nature has evolved a delicately balanced network to monitor iron entry, transport it to sites of need, and serve as a unique storage and recycling system, in the absence of an excretory system, to remove excess iron. Due to the unique nature of iron metabolism, iron homeostasis is achieved by integrated specialized mechanisms that operate at the cellular and organism level. The use of positional cloning approaches by multiple researchers has led to the identification and characterization of various proteins and peptides that play a critical role in iron metabolism. These efforts have led to elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake of iron by the enterocytes, transportation across the membrane to circulation, and deliver), to diverse tissues for use and storage and sensor system to co-ordinate and achieve homeostasis. Molecular understanding of these processes and the key regulatory molecules involved in maintaining homeostasis will provide novel insights into understanding human disorders associated with either iron deficiency or overload. C1 [Nadadur, S. S.] NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Srirama, K.] Sri Sathya Sai Univ, Dept Biosci, Prasanthinilayam, AP, India. [Mudipalli, Anuradha] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nadadur, SS (reprint author), NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM nadadurs@niehs.nih.gov NR 79 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 128 IS 4 BP 533 EP 544 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 390KY UT WOS:000262164400014 PM 19106445 ER PT J AU Bartos, SC Kshetry, N Burton, CS AF Bartos, Scott C. Kshetry, Nina Burton, C. Shepherd TI Modeling China's semiconductor industry fluorinated compound emissions and drafting a roadmap for climate protection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Trondheim Conference on CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage CY OCT 16-17, 2007 CL Trondheim, NORWAY SP Gas Technol Ctr NTNU SINTEF DE Fluorinated compounds; Semiconductors; China; World Semiconductor Council; Greenhouse gas; Climate change; Global warming AB Fluorinated compounds (FC) are high-global warming potential (GWP) greenhouse gases used and emitted during the manufacture of silicon semiconductor devices. Following the U.S. EPA's PFC Emissions Vintage Model (PEVM), uncontrolled FC emissions are modeled as proportional to total manufactured layer area (TMLA) of silicon. FC emissions of World Semiconductor Council (WSC) charter member countries (Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States), which voluntarily committed in 1999 to lower FC emissions by 2010 to 10% of baseline year emissions, are modeled for the period 1995-2020. For this same period, emissions from Chinese manufacturers under alternative emission reduction scenarios are modeled. If Chinese manufacturers were to adopt a baseline year of 2005 and a reduction target of 10% below baseline year emissions to be achieved by 2020, emissions would be 3.4 MMTCO(2)eq, comparable to the similarly projected controlled emissions of an average WSC charter member country (=16.3/5 MMTCO(2)eq) in 2020. The relative stringency of the alternative reduction scenarios considered for China vary between 50 and 95% reduction compared to business as usual (BAU). This is comparable to the stringency of the WSC charter members' goals for which FC emission reduction technologies are currently available. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bartos, Scott C.] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kshetry, Nina] ICF Int, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Bartos, SC (reprint author), US EPA, Climate Change Div, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave,NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Bartos.Scott@epamail.epa.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD OCT PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP 665 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.02.010 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 364SS UT WOS:000260356200023 ER PT J AU Saleh, R Walker, J Khlystov, A AF Saleh, Rawad Walker, John Khlystov, Andrey TI Determination of saturation pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of semi-volatile aerosols: The integrated volume method SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Integrated volume method; Thermodenuder; Saturation pressure; Enthalpy of vaporization; Adipic acid; Pimelic acid ID VAPOR-PRESSURES; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; EVAPORATION RATES; EMISSIONS; VOLATILITY; GROWTH; MECHANISMS AB This study presents the integrated volume method for estimating saturation pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of a whole aerosol distribution. We measure the change of total volume of an aerosol distribution between a reference state and several heated states, with the heating performed in a thermodenuder. In both the reference and heated states, the aerosol should be at equilibrium: that is, the surrounding gas phase should be saturated with the vapor of the aerosol species. We derive an expression that correlates the volume change to the inverse of temperature from which the saturation pressure and enthalpy of vaporization can be estimated. Transport and aerosol dynamics computational models are developed to investigate the two conditions for this analysis to be valid: (1) the aerosol should be at equilibrium at the exit of the thermodenuder and (2) there should be no re-condensation or further evaporation downstream of the thermodenuder. The method is validated with lab generated adipic acid and pimelic acid aerosol. We obtained saturation pressure at 298 K and enthalpy of vaporization of 3.4 x 10(-5) (+/- 1.2 x 10(-5)) Pa and 135 (+/- 13) kJ/mol for adipic acid, and 7.2 x 10(-5) (+/- 1.7 x 10(-5)) Pa and 149 (+/- 10) kJ/mol for pimelic acid, which are in good agreement with the values reported in the literature. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saleh, Rawad; Khlystov, Andrey] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Walker, John] US EPA, Natl Res Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Khlystov, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM andrey@duke.edu RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009; Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 FU US Environmental Protection Agency; National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Research Triangle Park, NC FX We appreciate the help of Chris Pressley (U.S. EPA) and Mike Tufts (Arcadis, Geraghty, and Miller) for construction and calibration of thermodenuder components. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of a commercial product by US EPA. This research was partially funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 39 IS 10 BP 876 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.06.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 364VF UT WOS:000260362800004 ER PT J AU Kebreab, E Johnson, KA Archibeque, SL Pape, D Wirth, T AF Kebreab, E. Johnson, K. A. Archibeque, S. L. Pape, D. Wirth, T. TI Model for estimating enteric methane emissions from United States dairy and feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; greenhouse gas; methane; modeling ID BEEF-CATTLE; LACTATING COWS; PREDICTION; RUMEN; ACID; METHANOGENESIS; EQUATIONS; DIGESTION; DIETS; MILK AB Methane production from enteric fermentation in cattle is one of the major sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission in the United States and worldwide. National estimates of methane emissions rely on mathematical models such as the one recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC). Models used for prediction of methane emissions from cattle range from empirical to mechanistic with varying input requirements. Two empirical and 2 mechanistic models (COWPOLL and MOLLY) were evaluated for their prediction ability using individual cattle measurements. Model selection was based on mean square prediction error (MSPE), concordance correlation coefficient, and residuals vs. predicted values analyses. In dairy cattle, COWPOLL had the lowest root MSPE and greatest accuracy and precision of predicting methane emissions (correlation coefficient estimate = 0.75). The model simulated differences in diet more accurately than the other models, and the residuals vs. predicted value analysis showed no mean bias (P = 0.71). In feedlot cattle, MOLLY had the lowest root MSPE with almost all errors from random sources ( correlation coefficient estimate = 0.69). The IPCC model also had good agreement with observed values, and no significant mean (P = 0.74) or linear bias (P = 0.11) was detected when residuals were plotted against predicted values. A fixed methane conversion factor (Ym) might be an easier alternative to diet-dependent variable Ym. Based on the results, the 2 mechanistic models were used to simulate methane emissions from representative US diets and were compared with the IPCC model. The average Ym in dairy cows was 5.63% of GE (range 3.78 to 7.43%) compared with 6.5% +/- 1% recommended by IPCC. In feedlot cattle, the average Ym was 3.88% (range 3.36 to 4.56%) compared with 3% +/- 1% recommended by IPCC. Based on our simulations, using IPCC values can result in an overestimate of about 12.5% and underestimate of emissions by about 9.8% for dairy and feedlot cattle, respectively. In addition to providing improved estimates of emissions based on diets, mechanistic models can be used to assess mitigation options such as changing source of carbohydrate or addition of fat to decrease methane, which is not possible with empirical models. We recommend national inventories use diet-specific Ym values predicted by mechanistic models to estimate methane emissions from cattle. C1 [Kebreab, E.] Univ Manitoba, Natl Ctr Livestock & Environm, Dept Anim Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Johnson, K. A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Archibeque, S. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pape, D.] ICF Int, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Wirth, T.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Kebreab, E (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Natl Ctr Livestock & Environm, Dept Anim Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM kebreabe@cc.umanitoba.ca RI Kebreab, Ermias/E-9113-2012 OI Kebreab, Ermias/0000-0002-0833-1352 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was undertaken thanks to funding from the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 35 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2738 EP 2748 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0960 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000033 PM 18539822 ER PT J AU Yan, S Subramanian, SB Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Yan, S. Subramanian, S. Bala Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI Bioplastics from activated sludge treating pulp and paper wastewater SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yan, S.; Subramanian, S. Bala; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, INRS Eau Terre & Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca OI Sellamuthu, Balassubramanian/0000-0002-7018-6854 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA I1-P-019 BP S31 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.060 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979400068 ER PT J AU Cerutti, DS Duke, R Freddolino, PL Fan, H Lybrand, TP AF Cerutti, David S. Duke, Robert Freddolino, Peter L. Fan, Hao Lybrand, Terry P. TI A Vulnerability in Popular Molecular Dynamics Packages Concerning Langevin and Andersen Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PROTEIN; STREPTAVIDIN; WATER; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; BINDING; BIOTIN AB We report a serious problem associated with a number of current implementations of Andersen and Langevin dynamics algorithms. When long simulations are run in many segments, it is sometimes possible to have a repeating sequence of pseudorandom numbers enter the calcuation. We show that, if the sequence repeats rapidly, the resulting artifacts can quickly denature biomolecules and are then easily detectable. However, if the sequence repeats less frequently, the artifacts become subtle and easily overlooked. We derive a formula for the underlying cause of artifacts in the case of the Langevin thermostat, and find it vanishes slowly as the inverse square root of the number of time steps per simulation segment. Numerous examples of simulation artifacts are presented, including dissociation of a tetrameric protein after 110 ns of dynamics, reductions in atomic fluctuations for a small protein in implicit solvent, altered thermodynamic properties of a box of water molecules, and changes in the transition free energies between dihedral angle conformations. Finally, in the case of strong thermocoupling, we link the observed artifacts to previous work in nonlinear dynamics and show that it is possible to drive a 20-residue, implicitly solvated protein into periodic trajectories if the thermostat is not used properly. Our findings should help other investigators re-evaluate simulations that may have been corrupted and obtain more accurate results. C1 [Cerutti, David S.; Lybrand, Terry P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Struct Biol Ctr, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Duke, Robert] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Duke, Robert] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Freddolino, Peter L.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fan, Hao] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. RP Cerutti, DS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Struct Biol Ctr, Dept Chem, 5140 Med Res Bldg 3,465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM david.cerutti@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM080214] FX This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM080214. D.S.C. thanks the GROMACS development team, Dr. Bernard R. Brooks, Dr. Justin Gullingsrud, and Dr. Ilian Todorov for explanations about the operation of GROMACS, CHARMM, DESMOND, and DL POLY, respectively. Dr. Robert Konecny and Dr. Barrett Abel of the Center for Theoretical Biophysics at the University of California, San Diego, provided part of the computing resources for this study via National Science Foundation Grant PHY-0216576. NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1669 EP 1680 DI 10.1021/ct8002173 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 360HC UT WOS:000260047600014 PM 19180249 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, JW Maruoka, S Boon, K Garantziotis, S Li, ZW Tomfohr, J Bailey, N Potts, EN Whitehead, G Brass, DM Schwartz, DA AF Hollingsworth, John W. Maruoka, Shuichiro Boon, Kathy Garantziotis, Stavros Li, Zhuowei Tomfohr, John Bailey, Nathaniel Potts, Erin N. Whitehead, Gregory Brass, David M. Schwartz, David A. TI In utero supplementation with methyl donors enhances allergic airway disease in mice (Retracted article. See vol. 126, pg. 2012, 2016) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication ID FOXP3 GENE-EXPRESSION; HELPER TYPE-1 CELLS; DNA METHYLATION; RUNX3; EPIGENETICS; DIFFERENTIATION; INFLAMMATION; CANCER; MOUSE; INHERITANCE AB Asthma is a complex heritable disease that is increasing in prevalence and severity, particularly in developed countries such as the United States, where 11% of the population is affected. The contribution of environmental and genetic factors to this growing epidemic is currently not well understood. We developed the hypothesis, based on previous literature, that changes in DNA methylation resulting in aberrant gene transcription may enhance the risk of developing allergic airway disease. our findings indicate that in mice, a maternal diet supplemented with methyl donors enhanced the severity of allergic airway disease that was inherited transgenerationally. Using a genomic approach, we discovered 82 gene-associated loci that were differentially methylated after in utero supplementation with a methyl-rich diet. These methylation changes were associated with decreased transcriptional activity and increased disease severity. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3), a gene known to negatively regulate allergic airway disease, was found to be excessively methylated, and Runx3 mRNA and protein levels were suppressed in progeny exposed in utero to a high-methylation diet. Moreover, treatment with a demethylating agent increased Runx3 gene transcription, further supporting our claim that a methyl-rich diet can affect methylation status and consequent transcriptional regulation. Our findings indicate that dietary factors can modify the heritable risk of allergic airway disease through epigenetic mechanisms during a vulnerable period of fetal development in mice. C1 [Hollingsworth, John W.; Garantziotis, Stavros; Li, Zhuowei; Potts, Erin N.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Hollingsworth, John W.; Maruoka, Shuichiro; Boon, Kathy; Garantziotis, Stavros; Li, Zhuowei; Tomfohr, John; Bailey, Nathaniel; Brass, David M.; Schwartz, David A.] NHLBI, Environm Lung Dis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Boon, Kathy] NCI, Off Canc Genom, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Garantziotis, Stavros; Whitehead, Gregory] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Resp Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Brass, David M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Neonatal Perinatal Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Schwartz, David A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Dept Med, Div Pulm Crit Care, Denver, CO USA. RP Hollingsworth, JW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Box 3136, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM holli017@mc.duke.edu RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU NIH; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL91335] FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (to D.A. Schwartz). The authors also receive support through a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute career development award (HL91335 to J.W. Hollingsworth). We thank Richard Del Mastro for his support with the global DNA methylation assay and both Maria Sifre and John Whitesides for their assistance with flow cytometry. Histology analysis was provided by the Pathology Support Group, a division of the Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, NIEHS. We appreciate the dedication from both Jessica Ramsberger and Sandy Hackney with animal husbandry. NR 41 TC 279 Z9 293 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 EI 1558-8238 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 118 IS 10 BP 3462 EP 3469 DI 10.1172/JCI34378 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 357EH UT WOS:000259828600027 PM 18802477 ER PT J AU Carroll, MW Glaser, JA Hellmich, RL Hunt, TE Sappington, TW Calvin, D Copenhaver, K Fridgen, J AF Carroll, Matthew W. Glaser, John A. Hellmich, Richard L. Hunt, Thomas E. Sappington, Thomas W. Calvin, Dennis Copenhaver, Ken Fridgen, John TI Use of spectral vegetation indices derived from airborne hyperspectral imagery for detection of European corn borer infestation in Iowa corn plots SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt corn; remote sensing; Ostrinia nubilalis; European corn borer; resistance ID CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; PLANT STRESS; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; WATER-CONTENT; REFLECTANCE; LEAF; NITROGEN; CANOPY; LEAVES; WHEAT AB Eleven spectral vegetation indices that emphasize foliar plant pigments were calculated using airborne hyperspectral imagery and evaluated in 2004 and 2005 for their ability to detect experimental plots of corn manually inoculated with Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) neonate larvae. Manual inoculations were timed to simulate infestation of corn, Zea mays L., by first and second flights of adult O. nubilalis. The ability of spectral vegetation indices to detect O. nubilalis-inoculated plots improved as the growing season progressed, with multiple spectral vegetation indices able to identify infested plots in late August and early September. Our findings also indicate that for detecting O. nubilalis-related plant stress in corn, spectral vegetation indices targeting carotenoid and anthocyanin pigments are not as effective as those targeting chlorophyll. Analysis of image data suggests that feeding and stem boring by O. nubilalis larvae may increase the rate of plant senescence causing detectable differences in plant biomass and vigor when compared with control plots. Further, we identified an approximate time frame of 5-6 wk postinoculation, when spectral differences of manually inoculated "second" generation O. nubilalis plots seem to peak. C1 [Carroll, Matthew W.; Glaser, John A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab 102, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hunt, Thomas E.] Haskell Agr Lab, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Calvin, Dennis] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Copenhaver, Ken; Fridgen, John] Inst Technol Dev, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. RP Carroll, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM carroll.matthew@epa.gov NR 62 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1623 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1614:UOSVID]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700014 PM 18950044 ER PT J AU Wang, P Linker, LC AF Wang, Ping Linker, Lewis C. TI Improvement of regression simulation in fluvial sediment loads SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING STRATEGIES; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SMALL STREAMS; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB In the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, sediment loads from stream runoff generally change more rapidly in the rising limb than in the falling limb of a storm hydrograph. As a result, sediment load reaches its peak prior to flow peak, an observation known as clockwise hysteresis. This dynamic load-flow relationship is poorly reproduced by the existing multivariate linear regression models. This paper explores regressors that attempt to incorporate observed features in a statistical model and thus improve load estimates. These included inverse discharge and flow-change regressors. The load estimates using three regression models for eight rivers are compared, and recommended regression equations are proposed. C1 [Wang, Ping] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Linker, Lewis C.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM pwang@chesapeakebay.net; linker.lewis@epa.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2008 VL 134 IS 10 BP 1527 EP 1531 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:10(1527) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 349CD UT WOS:000259255500015 ER PT J AU Rooney, AA Yang, Y Makris, SL AF Rooney, Andrew A. Yang, Yung Makris, Susan L. TI Recent progress and diverse effects in developmental immunotoxicology: overview of a symposium at the 46(th) Annual SOT Meeting, Charlotte, NC SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Charlotte, NC SP Soc Toxicol DE Developmental immunotoxicology; Developmental immunotoxicity; Children's health; Risk assessment ID CHILDRENS HEALTH; CRITICAL WINDOWS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; EXPOSURE; WORKSHOP; RISK AB It has long been known that the developing immune system is more sensitive and susceptible than the adult immune system to some drugs and environmental contaminants. However, notable advances have been made in the database of studies supporting developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) over the past 5 years. There is considerable evidence that responses of the immune system can be quantitatively or qualitatively different from normal adult responses when xenobiotic exposure occurs during critical periods of immune system development. Qualitative differences of DIT relative to adult exposures include examples of more persistent effects, a latency of effects, and immune dysfunction that is fundamentally different than effects observed when adults are exposed. A symposium was presented at the Society of Toxicology annual meeting to provide an update on advances in the maturing field of developmental immunotoxicology and to facilitate discussion on the range of DIT and later life effects following developmental exposure. In particular, presentations focused on implications of neuroendocrine cross-talk for DIT, the association between developmental air pollutant exposure and asthma, and recent evidence that developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin may increase the risk of autoimmune responses. Several important concepts relative to DIT assessment were illustrated, i.e., (1) Screening for immunosuppression alone is not sufficient to identify all potential immunotoxic effects; (2) DIT cannot be reliably predicted from studies that only utilize adult exposures; (3) Functional testing protocols are preferred in the assessment of DIT, (4) Gender-related differences should be routinely assessed; (5) Latency (i.e., later-life adverse outcomes resulting from developmental exposures) is an important consideration that cannot be detected in adult exposure studies; and, (6) There is increasing support for DIT testing protocols with continuous exposure throughout development until the immune assay is performed. C1 [Rooney, Andrew A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yang, Yung] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Makris, Susan L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Rooney, AA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Mail Code B-243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rooney.andrew@epa.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1080/15476910802481443 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 400DN UT WOS:000262848300006 PM 19404873 ER PT J AU Allen, FW AF Allen, Frederick W. TI Building Material Flow Accounts in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental information; government decision making; government statistics; industrial ecology; material flow analysis (MFA); natural resource sustainability AB Building a national system of material flow accounts in the United States could be an important step toward natural resource sustainability. But the task will not be as simple as "If you build it, they will come." The key to understanding the status of and prospects for official material flow accounts in the United States is to see the picture from the point of view of public sector and environmental innovation generally, rather than from the point of view of building the details of the accounts themselves. A simple model of public sector innovation helps explain what is happening and what needs to happen to make further progress. The model used here has four principal elements: methods, organizational capacity, demand, and actual use. The details and sequence of these elements vary in different situations, but all four must be present for successful innovations. Although aspects of culture, innovation, and government bureaucracy differ from country to country, the basic model appears to be similar across borders, at least in countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Seen this way, recent events in the United States indicate that (1) there is significant potential for such accounts; (2) the United States is moving toward creating them, although not in a systematic manner, which means that the progression and eventual outcome are uncertain; and (3) there are ways for the research community to participate very positively in the public process. C1 [Allen, Frederick W.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Allen, FW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Innovat 1807T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM allen.derry@epa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00073.x PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 385CZ UT WOS:000261792000011 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Domingo, JS AF Lu, Jingrang Domingo, Jorge Santo TI Turkey Fecal Microbial Community Structure and Functional Gene Diversity Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene and Metagenomic Sequences SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metagenomics; 16S rRNA gene; Turkey Feces ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; GENOMIC SEQUENCES; SP NOV.; CHICKENS; IDENTIFICATION; DIOXYGENASE; SUCCESSION; INTESTINE; LIBRARIES; ECOLOGY AB The primary goal of this study was to better understand the microbial composition and functional genetic diversity associated with turkey fecal communities. To achieve this, 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic clone libraries were sequenced from turkey fecal samples. The analysis of 382 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the most abundant bacteria were closely related to Lactobacillales (47%), Bacillales (31%), and Clostridiales (11%). Actinomycetales, Enterobacteriales, and Bacteroidales sequences were also identified, but represented a smaller part of the community. The analysis of 379 metagenomic sequences showed that most clones were similar to bacterial protein sequences (58%). Bacteriophage (10%) and avian viruses (3%) sequences were also represented. Of all metagenomic clones potentially encoding for bacterial proteins, most were similar to low G+C Gram-positive bacterial proteins, particularly from Lactobacillales (50%), Bacillales (11%), and Clostridiales (8%). Bioinformatic analyses suggested the presence of genes encoding for membrane proteins, lipoproteins, hydrolases, and functional genes associated with the metabolism of nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds. The results from this study further confirmed the predominance of Firmicutes in the avian gut and highlight the value of coupling 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing data analysis to study the microbial composition of avian fecal microbial communities. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Domingo, Jorge Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS-387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA National Center; National Research Council FX This research was funded in part by a New Start Award from the U.S. EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology to JSD. JL was the recipient of a National Research Council fellowship. We are grateful to Don Stoeckel for providing fecal samples. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the U. S. EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s12275-008-0117-z PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 367HT UT WOS:000260543800001 PM 18974945 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Wither, J Mckenzie, T Claudio, JO Bernatsky, S Fortin, PR AF Cooper, Glinda S. Wither, Joan Mckenzie, Tamara Claudio, Jaime O. Bernatsky, Sasha Fortin, Paul R. CA CaNIOS GenES Investigators TI The prevalence and accuracy of self-reported history of 11 autoimmune diseases SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoimmune diseases; prevalence; epidemiology; data collection; validation studies ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; FAMILIAL AUTOIMMUNITY; WOMEN AB Objective. To determine the prevalence and confirmation rate Of autoimmune diseases reported by relatives of patients with lupus and controls. Methods. Medical histories were obtained by self-report from 626 first-degree relatives of lupus patients and 267 Population controls. Results. Of 178 reports of an autoimmune disease, 44% were confirmed by medical records excluding, those whose medical records were unavailable. the confirmation rate was 76%. The prevalence of at least one confirmed autoimmune disease was 12% in lupus relatives and 2% in controls. Conclusion. Methods to improve the reliability of self-reported autoimmune disease history Could enhance Population and clinic-based research. C1 [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wither, Joan; Mckenzie, Tamara; Claudio, Jaime O.] Toronto Western Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wither, Joan] Univ Toronto, Arthritis Ctr Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Bernatsky, Sasha] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Div Rheumatol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bernatsky, Sasha] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Div Clin Epidemiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Fortin, Paul R.] Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Univ Toronto Lupus Clin,Dept Med, Ctr Prognosis Studies Rheumat Dis,Univ Hlth Netwo, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8601-P,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov RI Pope, Janet/G-3342-2011 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [62840]; University of Toronto; Arthritis Centre of Excellence FX Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, grant no. 62840. Dr Fortin is supported by a Distinguished Senior Investigator. Award from The Arthritis Society and by the Arthritis Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto. Dr Wither is supported by the Arthritis Centre of Excellence. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2001 EP 2004 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 358HY UT WOS:000259908900016 PM 18785310 ER PT J AU Weissberger, EJ Jumars, PA Mayer, LM Schick, LL AF Weissberger, Eric J. Jumars, Peter A. Mayer, Lawrence M. Schick, Linda L. TI Structure of a northwest Atlantic Shelf macrofaunal assemblage with respect to seasonal variation in sediment nutritional quality SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benthos; Sediment nutrition; Phytodetritus; Macrofauna ID POLYCHAETE FEEDING GUILDS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; IN-SITU EXPERIMENTS; DEEP-SEA FLOOR; ORGANIC-MATTER; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; BENTHIC RESPONSE; SLOPE SEDIMENTS; RAPID RESPONSE; GEORGES-BANK AB We examined temporal variation in the relationship between benthic macrofaunal assemblage structure and sediment nutritional quality using core samples taken seasonally from a 232-m deep site in Wilkinson Basin, Gulf of Maine, from October 2003 through August 2004. The benthic assemblage was dominated by deposit-feeding polychaetes of the families Cirratulidae, Paraonidae, and Cossuridae. Assemblage composition and abundance remained relatively constant over the course of the study. despite seasonal changes in sediment nutritional quality. Constant seawater temperatures and/or relatively long species generation times may account for this pattern. Sediment depth-frequency distributions of cirratulid and paraonid polychaetes varied temporally and exhibited subsurface abundance peaks; depth-frequency distributions of cossurid polychaetes. in contrast, were temporally stable. Subsurface peaks of plant pigment concentrations matched those of the cirratulid and cossurid polychaetes, suggesting that these groups transport and cache recently deposited phytodetritus below the sediment surface. This subsurface caching may ameliorate the effects of a seasonally variable food supply, damping any seasonal response of the fauna. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weissberger, Eric J.; Jumars, Peter A.; Mayer, Lawrence M.; Schick, Linda L.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Weissberger, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM weissberger.eric@epa.gov RI Mayer, Lawrence/A-1337-2009 FU Office of Naval Research DEPSCoR [N000140210653]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [AED-08-027]; Darling Marine Center [401]; Office of Research and Development; National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory; Atlantic Ecology Division FX Thanks to Robert Downs for operation of the R/V Ira C., and to the crew of the R/V Argo Maine. Shawn Shellito and Anne Simpson assisted in collection and processing of core samples. Les Wading and Gary Rosenberg assisted in identification of the benthic fauna. Rodrigo Ramos Jiliberto kindly provided a spreadsheet set up to perform Solow's modification of the multiple-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Marguerite Pelletier, Stephen Hale, Roxanne Johnson, Timothy Gleason, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Patricia DeCastro provided assistance with the figures. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research DEPSCoR grant no. N000140210653. Although the research described in this article has been partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This publication is contribution no. 401 from the Darling Marine Center and contribution no. AED-08-027 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2008.07.002 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 369YM UT WOS:000260729800005 ER PT J AU Guo, WG Rao, MB AF Guo, Wenge Rao, M. Bhaskara TI On control of the false discovery rate under no assumption of dependency SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE critical constants; false discovery rate; knapsack problem; multiple testing; positive regression dependence; p-value; step-up procedure; step-down procedure ID TESTS AB Most false discovery rate (FDR) controlling procedures require certain assumptions on the joint distribution of p-values. Benjamini and Hochberg [1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 57, 289-300] proposed a step-up procedure with critical constants alpha(i) = (i/m)alpha, 1 <= i <= m, for a given level 0 < alpha < 1 and showed that FDR <= (m(0)/m)alpha under the assumption of independence of p-values, where m is the total number of null hypotheses and m(0) the number of true null hypotheses. Benjamini and Yekutieli [2001. The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency. Ann. Statist. 29, 1165-1188] showed that for the same procedure FDR <= (m(0)/m)alpha Sigma(m)(j=1) 1/j, whatever may be the joint distribution of p-values. In one of the results in this paper, we show that this upper bound for FDR cannot be improved in the sense that there exists a joint distribution of p-values for which the upper bound is attained. A major thrust of this paper is to work in the realm of step-down procedures without imposing any condition on the joint distribution of the underlying p-values. As a starting point, we give an explicit expression for FDR specially tailored for step-down procedures. Using the same critical constants as those of the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, we present a new step-down procedure for which the upper bound for FDR is much lower than what is given by Benjamini and Yekutieli. The explicit expression given for FDR and some optimization techniques stemming from the knapsack problem are instrumental in getting the main result. We also present some general results on stepwise procedures built on non-decreasing sequences of critical constants. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [Guo, Wenge] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rao, M. Bhaskara] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Guo, WG (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, MD A3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wenge.guo@gmail.com OI Guo, Wenge/0000-0003-3777-2058 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 138 IS 10 BP 3176 EP 3188 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2008.01.003 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 334BE UT WOS:000258196500025 ER PT J AU Julien, R Levy, JI Adamkiewicz, G Hauser, R Spengler, JD Canales, RA Hynes, HP AF Julien, Rhona Levy, Jonathan I. Adamkiewicz, Gary Hauser, Russ Spengler, John D. Canales, Robert A. Hynes, H. Patricia TI Pesticides in Urban Multiunit Dwellings: Hazard Identification Using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) Analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; PATHWAYS AB Many units in public housing or other low-income urban dwellings may have elevated pesticide residues, given recurring infestation, but it would be logistically and economically infeasible to sample a large number of units to identify highly exposed households to design interventions. Within this study, our aim was to devise a low-cost approach to identify homes in public housing with high levels of pesticide residues, using information that would allow the housing authority and residents to determine optimal strategies to reduce household exposures. As part of the Healthy Public Housing Initiative, we collected environmental samples from 42 public housing apartments in Boston, MA, in 2002 and 2003 and gathered housing characteristics; for example, household demographics and selfreported pesticide use information, considering information available with and without a home visit. Focusing on five organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, we used classification and regression tree analysis (CART) to disaggregate the pesticide concentration data into homogenous subsamples according to housing characteristics which allowed us to identify households and associated networks impacted by the mismanagement of pesticides. The CART analysis demonstrated reasonable sensitivity and specificity given more extensive household information but generally poor performance using only information available without a home visit. Apartments with high concentrations of cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid of interest given that it is a restricted use pesticide, were more likely to be associated with Hispanic residents who resided in their current apartment for more than 5 yr, consistent with documented pesticide usage patterns. We conclude that using CART as an exploratory technique to better understand the home characteristics associated with elevated pesticide levels may be a viable approach for risk management in large multiunit housing developments. C1 [Julien, Rhona; Levy, Jonathan I.; Adamkiewicz, Gary; Hauser, Russ; Spengler, John D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Canales, Robert A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hynes, H. Patricia] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Julien, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ecosyst Protect, Indoor Air Program, 1 Congress St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM julien.rhona@epa.gov RI Levy, Jonathan/A-9102-2008; Levy, Jon/B-4542-2011 OI Levy, Jon/0000-0002-1116-4006 FU U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development [MALHH007700]; W.K. Kellogg Foundation; Boston Foundation FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (Grant No. MALHH007700), the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the Boston Foundation, and the Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust. Additional financial support for Rhona Julien included the Melvin W. First Scholarship and the Akira Yamaguchi Endowment. The authors give special thanks to the families who participated in the study as well as the community partners for their cooperation and commitment to the success of this project. Special recognition is given to Margaret Reid, Director of the Asthma Program at the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). BPHC is the lead agency for the Boston Healthy Pest Free Housing Initiative under the leadership of Ms. Reid, who is responsible for spearheading the "Bodega Education Program" and the "Pesticide Buy-Back Program." NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.10.1297 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 360AE UT WOS:000260028600006 PM 18939776 ER PT J AU Stock, TH Morandi, MT Afshar, M Chung, KC AF Stock, Thomas H. Morandi, Maria T. Afshar, Masoud Chung, Kuenja C. TI Evaluation of the Use of Diffusive Air Samplers for Determining Temporal and Spatial Variation of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Ambient Air of Urban Communities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VARYING TEMPERATURES; PPB CONCENTRATIONS; PASSIVE SAMPLER; 24-H EXPOSURES; OUTDOOR; INDOOR; HUMIDITIES; MONITORS; VOCS AB The Houston-Galveston metropolitan area has a relatively high density of point and mobile sources of air toxics, and determining and understanding the relationship between emissions and ambient air concentrations of air toxics is important for evaluating potential impacts on public health and formulating effective regulatory policies to control this impact, both in this region and elsewhere. However, conventional ambient air monitoring approaches are limited with regard to expense, siting limitations, and representative sampling necessary for adequate exposure assessment. The overall goal of this multiphase study is to evaluate the use of simple passive air samplers to determine temporal and spatial variability of the ambient air concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas. Phase 1 of this study, reported here, was a field evaluation of 3M organic vapor monitors (OVMs) involving limited comparisons with commonly used active sampling methods, an assessment of sampler precision, a determination of optimal sampling duration, and an investigation of the utility of a simple modification of the commercial sampler. The results indicated that a sampling duration of 72 hr exhibited generally low bias relative to automated continuous gas chromatography measurements, good overall precision, and an acceptable number of measurements above detection limits. The modified sampler showed good correlation with the commercial sampler, with higher sampling rates, although lower than expected. C1 [Stock, Thomas H.; Morandi, Maria T.; Afshar, Masoud] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. [Chung, Kuenja C.] US EPA, Dallas, TX USA. RP Stock, TH (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, POB 20186, Houston, TX 77225 USA. EM thomas.h.stock@uth.tmc.edu FU RTI [68-D-99-012] FX The authors thank TCEQ for providing access to their continuous ambient monitoring station site and providing autoGC monitoring data, and especially to David Brymer of TCEQ for providing QC data and helpful suggestions. The authors also thank Robin Helburn of Research Triangle Institute (RTI) for providing oversight and quality assurance, and Dr. Elaine Symanski for advice on statistical analysis. An EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) to RTI under contract no. 68-D-99-012 supported this study. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. Mention of the trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1310 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.10.1303 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 360AE UT WOS:000260028600007 PM 18939777 ER PT J AU Liu, PY Lin, CC Tsai, WC Li, YH Lin, LJ Shi, GY Hong, JS Chen, JH Wu, HL AF Liu, P. -Y. Lin, C. -C. Tsai, W. -C. Li, Y. -H. Lin, L. -J. Shi, G. -Y Hong, J. -S. Chen, J. -H. Wu, H. -L. TI Treatment with dextromethorphan improves endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress in male heavy smokers SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE dextromethorphan; endothelial function; inflammation; oxidative stress; smoking ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; HEALTHY-YOUNG ADULTS; VITAMIN-C; NADPH OXIDASE; UP-REGULATION; IN-VITRO; SMOKING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ACTIVATION AB Background: Dextromethorphan (DM) is reported to reduce the inflammation-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Objective: The goal of this study was to test if DM can improve the endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory markers in heavy smokers. Patients and methods: Forty habitual smoking healthy male volunteers (mean age, 31.5 +/- 1.4 years) were randomly given either DM (120 mg day(-1)) or a placebo for 6 months. We determined endothelial function using the brachial artery diameter changes in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and measured their inflammatory and oxidative markers. A sex-and-age matched non-smoking group (n = 20) was compared as normal parameters. Results: Habitual smokers showed impaired baseline endothelial function in FMD (smoking vs. non-smoking: 6.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 10.2 +/- 2.3% respectively, P < 0.01). Without change in smoking behavior, lipid and metabolic parameters, a significant increase in FMD was found in the DM-treated group (32%), accompanied by a decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), phospholipase A(2), matrix metalloproteinase-3, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor II (TNF-alpha RII) (all P < 0.05), but unchanged in von Willebrand factor (VWF)and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). An increase in plasma glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in spot urinary excretion of 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2a) were found in DM-treated smokers. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a 6-month treatment with DM can improve endothelial function and attenuate vascular oxidative stress and inflammation markers in habitual smokers. C1 [Shi, G. -Y; Wu, H. -L.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Liu, P. -Y.; Lin, C. -C.; Tsai, W. -C.; Li, Y. -H.; Lin, L. -J.; Chen, J. -H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Liu, P. -Y.; Tsai, W. -C.; Li, Y. -H.; Lin, L. -J.; Shi, G. -Y; Chen, J. -H.; Wu, H. -L.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Cardiol Res Ctr, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Hong, J. -S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wu, HL (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM halnwu@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU Ministry of Education Program for Promoting Academic Excellence in Universities [91-B-FA09-2-4]; National Science Council [NSC 952752-B-006-003-PAE, NSC 95-2752-B-006-004-PAE, NSC 95-2752-B-006-005-PAE]; National Health Research Institute from Taiwan; National Cheng Kung University Hospital in 2008 [NCKUH-9702028] FX This study was supported in part by the Ministry of Education Program for Promoting Academic Excellence in Universities under grant number 91-B-FA09-2-4, and by grants NSC 952752-B-006-003-PAE, NSC 95-2752-B-006-004-PAE and NSC 95-2752-B-006-005-PAE from the National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan. P.-Y. Liu is a recipient of Scientist Physician Award Grant from National Health Research Institute from Taiwan. This study was also support by the Research Grant NCKUH-9702028 from National Cheng Kung University Hospital in 2008. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1685 EP 1692 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03082.x PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 350OK UT WOS:000259361900012 PM 18647232 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Homer, C AF Wickham, James D. Riitters, Kurt H. Wade, Timothy G. Homer, Collin TI Temporal change in fragmentation of continental US forests SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE change detection; cumulative impacts; forest edge; forest loss; land cover; scale ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; NEW-ENGLAND; NUTRIENT; SCALE; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE AB Changes in forest ecosystem function and condition arise from changes in forest fragmentation. Previous studies estimated forest fragmentation for the continental United States (US). In this study, new temporal land-cover data from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) were used to estimate changes in forest fragmentation at multiple scales for the continental US. Early and late dates for the land-cover change data were ca. 1992 and ca. 2001. Forest density was used as a multi-scale index of fragmentation by measuring the proportion of forest in neighborhoods ranging in size from 2.25 to 5314.41 ha. The multi-scale forest density maps were classified using thresholds of 40% (patch), 60% (dominant), and 90% (interior) to analyze temporal change of fragmentation. The loss of dominant and interior forest showed distinct scale effects, whereas loss of patch forest was much less scale-dependent. Dominant forest loss doubled from the smallest to the largest spatial scale, while interior forest loss increased by approximately 80% from the smallest to the second largest spatial scale, then decreased somewhat. At the largest spatial scale, losses of dominant and interior forest were 5 and 10%, respectively, of their ca. 1992 amounts. In contrast, patch forest loss increased by only 25% from the smallest to largest spatial scale. These results indicate that continental US forests were sensitive to forest loss because of their already fragmented state. Forest loss would have had to occur in an unlikely spatial pattern in order to avoid the proportionately greater impact on dominant and interior forest at larger spatial scales. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US Environm Protect Agcy E243 05, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Homer, Collin] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resource Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy E243 05, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9258-z PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 352FU UT WOS:000259481900002 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS Fore, LS Hutchins, A Quarles, RL Campbell, JG Lobue, C Davis, WS AF Fisher, William S. Fore, Leska S. Hutchins, Aaron Quarles, Robert L. Campbell, Jed G. LoBue, Charles Davis, Wayne S. TI Evaluation of stony coral indicators for coral reef management SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Coral reef assessment; Coral bioassessment; Biocriteria; Stony corals; Coral reef management; Water quality; Metric testing; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Sea ID COLONY SURFACE-AREA; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; RED-SEA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BUILDING CORALS; FRINGING REEFS; DIVERSITY; STRATEGY; ISLANDS; ISSUES AB Colonies of reef-building stony corals at 57 stations around St. Croix, US Virgin Islands were characterized by species, size and percentage of living tissue. Taxonomic. biological and physical indicators of coral condition were derived from these measurements and assessed for their response to gradients of human disturbance-a requirement for indicators used in regulatory assessments under authority of the Clean Water Act. At the most intensely disturbed location, five of eight primary indicators were highly correlated with distance from the source of disturbance: Coral taxa richness, average colony size, the coefficient of variation of colony size, total topographic coral surface area, and live coral surface area. An additional set of exploratory indicators related to rarity, reproductive and spawning mode and taxonomic identity were also screened. The primary indicators demonstrated sufficient precision to detect levels of change that would be applicable in a regional-scale regulatory program. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fisher, William S.; Quarles, Robert L.; Campbell, Jed G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Hutchins, Aaron] USVI, Dept Planning & Nat Resources, St Croix, VI 00840 USA. [LoBue, Charles] US EPA, New York, NY 10007 USA. [Davis, Wayne S.] US EPA, Off Environm Informat, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM Fisher.william@epa.gov NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 56 IS 10 BP 1737 EP 1745 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 370EK UT WOS:000260745300017 PM 18715598 ER PT J AU Card, DAG Hebbar, PB Li, LP Trotter, KW Komatsu, Y Mishina, Y Archer, TK AF Card, Deborah A. Greer Hebbar, Pratibha B. Li, Leping Trotter, Kevin W. Komatsu, Yoshihiro Mishina, Yuji Archer, Trevor K. TI Oct4/Sox2-regulated miR-302 targets cyclin D1 in human embryonic stem cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; MICRORNA TARGETS; MESSENGER-RNAS; OCT4; SOX2; GENE; ZEBRAFISH; COMPLEX AB Oct4 and Sox2 are transcription factors required for pluripotency during early embryogenesis and for the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity. Functional mechanisms contributing to pluripotency are expected to be associated with genes transcriptionally activated by these factors. Here, we show that Oct4 and Sox2 bind to a conserved promoter region of miR-302, a cluster of eight microRNAs expressed specifically in ESCs and pluripotent cells. The expression of miR-302a is dependent on Oct4/Sox2 in human ESCs (hESCs), and miR-302a is expressed at the same developmental stages and in the same tissues as Oct4 during embryogenesis. miR-302a is predicted to target many cell cycle regulators, and the expression of miR-302a in primary and transformed cell lines promotes an increase in S-phase and a decrease in G(1)-phase cells, reminiscent of an ESC-like cell cycle profile. Correspondingly, the inhibition of miR-302 causes hESCs to accumulate in G(1) phase. Moreover, we show that miR-302a represses the productive translation of an important G(1) regulator, cyclin D1, in hESCs. The transcriptional activation of miR-302 and the translational repression of its targets, such as cyclin D1, may provide a link between Oct4/Sox2 and cell cycle regulation in pluripotent cells. C1 [Card, Deborah A. Greer; Hebbar, Pratibha B.; Trotter, Kevin W.; Archer, Trevor K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Li, Leping] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Komatsu, Yoshihiro; Mishina, Yuji] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Archer, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Chromatin & Gene Express Sect, 111 Alexander Dr,MD D4-01,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM archer1@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [Z01 ES071006-09] FX We thank Lois Annab for maintenance of MEFs; Paul Wade, Sayura Aoyagi, and Jeff Card for helpful discussion; Gina Goulding and Trisha Castriano for assistance with mouse embryology; Ajeet Singh for mouse embryonic samples; Julie Foley for assistance with immunohistochemistry; Grace Kissling for assistance with statistical analysis; and Carl Bortner and Maria Sifre for assistance with flow cytometry.; This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, project number Z01 ES071006-09. NR 42 TC 286 Z9 314 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 20 BP 6426 EP 6438 DI 10.1128/MCB.00359-08 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 354JB UT WOS:000259634800022 PM 18710938 ER PT J AU Grear, JS Elderd, BD AF Grear, Jason S. Elderd, Bret D. TI Bias in population growth rate estimation: sparse data, partial life cycle analysis and Jensen's inequality SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSES; CENSUS-DATA; EXTINCTION; MODEL; PROBABILITY; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS; MEANINGFUL; VIABILITY; DEER AB Demographic matrix models have become an integral part of population viability analysis for threatened and endangered species, but their use is often limited by data availability. A common solution to this problem is to assume constant annual rates within a multi-year stage. Partial life cycle analysis (PLC), which incorporates only juvenile and adult stages, is a noteworthy example of this approach because it has been described in the literature as a reliable approximation of age-structured populations. However, we predict from Jensen's Inequality that the required lumping of age classes leads to over- or underestimation of population fitness when survival rates are truly age-dependent. We illuminate this problem by comparing fitness estimates from Leslie matrix and PLC models for theoretical populations having different levels of age-dependence in their survival rates. We also propose a modification of the PLC approach to address this problem and demonstrate its applicability using data from a published long-term study of red deer Cervus elephas. C1 [Grear, Jason S.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Elderd, Bret D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Elderd, Bret D.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Integrating Stat & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Grear, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM grear.jason@epa.gov RI Elderd, Bret/C-5231-2016 OI Elderd, Bret/0000-0001-5853-1136 FU US EPA; EPA STAR; Univ. of Chicago FX We are grateful to Cathy Pfister, Dan Doak, Jeff Markert, Eric Weissberger and Glen Thursby for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by a US EPA postdoctoral appointment (JSG) and by an EPA STAR grant to the Center for Integrating Statistics and Environmental Science at the Univ. of Chicago (BDE). This is AED contribution no. 07-008. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US EPA, it has not been subjected to agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2008 VL 117 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1593 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16907.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350KQ UT WOS:000259351700017 ER PT J AU Hazkani-Covo, E Covo, S AF Hazkani-Covo, Einat Covo, Shay TI Numt-Mediated Double-Strand Break Repair Mitigates Deletions during Primate Genome Evolution SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DNA-POLYMERASE-MU; HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL PSEUDOGENES; HUMAN SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; VIRUS VECTOR INTEGRATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; BROKEN CHROMOSOMES; CHIMPANZEE GENOME AB Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the major mechanism of double-strand break repair (DSBR) in mammalian cells. NHEJ has traditionally been inferred from experimental systems involving induced double strand breaks (DSBs). Whether or not the spectrum of repair events observed in experimental NHEJ reflects the repair of natural breaks by NHEJ during chromosomal evolution is an unresolved issue. In primate phylogeny, nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin, numts, are inserted into naturally occurring chromosomal breaks via NHEJ. Thus, numt integration sites harbor evidence for the mechanisms that act on the genome over evolutionary timescales. We have identified 35 and 55 lineage-specific numts in the human and chimpanzee genomes, respectively, using the rhesus monkey genome as an outgroup. One hundred and fifty two numt-chromosome fusion points were classified based on their repair patterns. Repair involving microhomology and repair leading to nucleotide additions were detected. These repair patterns are within the experimentally determined spectrum of classical NHEJ, suggesting that information from experimental systems is representative of broader genetic loci and end configurations. However, in incompatible DSBR events, small deletions always occur, whereas in 54% of numt integration events examined, no deletions were detected. Numts show a statistically significant reduction in deletion frequency, even in comparison to DSBR involving filler DNA. Therefore, numts show a unique mechanism of integration via NHEJ. Since the deletion frequency during numt insertion is low, native overhangs of chromosome breaks are preserved, allowing us to determine that 24% of the analyzed breaks are cohesive with overhangs of up to 11 bases. These data represent, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive description of the structure of naturally occurring DSBs. We suggest a model in which the sealing of DSBs by numts, and probably by other filler DNA, prevents nuclear processing of DSBs that could result in deleterious repair. C1 [Hazkani-Covo, Einat] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Covo, Shay] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Chromosome Stabil Sect, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hazkani-Covo, E (reprint author), Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC USA. EM einat@duke.edu FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent); NSF [EF-0423641]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH) FX Research support was from National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), NSF #EF-0423641 (to EH-C) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH) intramural research funds (to SC). NR 77 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 10 AR e1000237 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000237 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 380QS UT WOS:000261480900032 PM 18949041 ER PT J AU Ullah, H Scappini, EL Moon, AF Williams, LV Armstrong, DL Pedersen, LC AF Ullah, Hemayet Scappini, Erica Louise Moon, Andrea Florence Williams, Latanya Veronica Armstrong, David Lee Pedersen, Lars Christian TI Structure of a signal transduction regulator, RACK1, from Arabidopsis thaliana SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RACK1; protein signaling; scaffolding protein; WD40; propeller; protein-protein interaction; drought ID PROTEIN BETA-SUBUNIT; WD-REPEAT PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; KINASE-C; DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES; SCAFFOLD PROTEINS; NIH 3T3-CELLS; ABSCISIC-ACID; SRC ACTIVITY; RECEPTOR AB The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved WD40 repeat scaffold protein found in a wide range of eukaryotic species from Chlamydymonas to plants and humans. In tissues of higher mammals, RACK1 is ubiquitously expressed and has been implicated in diverse signaling pathways involving neuropathology, cellular stress, protein translation, and developmental processes. RACK1 has established itself as a scaffold protein through physical interaction with a myriad of signaling proteins ranging from kinases, phosphatases, ion channels, membrane receptors, G proteins, IP3 receptor, and with widely conserved structural proteins associated with the ribosome. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, RACK1A is implicated in diverse developmental and environmental stress pathways. Despite the functional conservation of RACK1-mediated protein-protein interaction-regulated signaling modes, the structural basis of such interactions is largely unknown. Here we present the first crystal structure of a RACK1 protein, RACK1 isoform A from Arabidobsis thaliana, at 2.4 angstrom resolution, as a C-terminal fusion of the maltose binding protein. The structure implicates highly conserved surface residues that could play critical roles in protein-protein interactions and reveals the surface location of proposed post-transcriptionally modified residues. The availability of this structure provides a structural basis for dissecting RACK1-mediated cellular signaling mechanisms in both plants and animals. C1 [Moon, Andrea Florence; Pedersen, Lars Christian] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Ullah, Hemayet; Williams, Latanya Veronica] Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Scappini, Erica Louise; Armstrong, David Lee] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pedersen, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr,MD F3-09, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM pederse2@niehs.nih.gov FU NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1Z01ES080043-20]; National Science Foundation RIG FX We thank Drs. L. G. Pedersen and N. Martin for critical reading of the manuscript. This work is supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 number 1Z01ES080043-20) and by the National Science Foundation RIG grant (H. U.). NR 62 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1771 EP 1780 DI 10.1110/ps.035121.108 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 351CK UT WOS:000259401900014 PM 18715992 ER PT J AU Johnston, JE Berry, KJ Mielke, PW AF Johnston, Janis E. Berry, Kenneth J. Mielke, Paul W., Jr. TI RESAMPLING PERMUTATION PROBABILITY VALUES FOR WEIGHTED KAPPA SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NOMINAL SCALE AGREEMENT; CONTINGENCY-TABLES; STATISTICS; TESTS AB A permutation algorithm and associated FORTRAN program are provided for resampling weighted kappa. Program RWK provides the weighted kappa test statistic and the resampling one-sided upper-tail probability Value. C1 [Berry, Kenneth J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Sociol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnston, Janis E.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, AAAS Sci & Technol Policy Fellow, Washington, DC USA. RP Berry, KJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Sociol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM berry@mail.colostate.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.2466/PR0.103.2.467-475 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 379NH UT WOS:000261402800018 PM 19102472 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AK Rider, CV Blystone, CR Wilson, VS Hartig, PC Ankley, GT Foster, PM Gray, CL Gray, LE AF Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Rider, Cynthia V. Blystone, Chad R. Wilson, Vickie S. Hartig, Phillip C. Ankley, Gerald T. Foster, Paul M. Gray, Clark L. Gray, L. Earl TI Fifteen years after "Wingspread" - Environmental endocrine disrupters and human and wildlife health: Where we are today and where we need to go SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE endocrine disruptors; androgens; estrogens; dioxins; PCBs; pharmaceuticals; mixtures; screening and multigenerational testing ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; RAT HERSHBERGER BIOASSAY; CATTLE FEEDLOT EFFLUENT; DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT AB In 1991, a group of expert scientists at a Wingspread work session on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) concluded that "Many compounds introduced into the environment by human activity are capable of disrupting the endocrine system of animals, including fish, wildlife, and humans. Endocrine disruption can be profound because of the crucial role hormones play in controlling development." Since that time, there have been numerous documented examples of adverse effects of EDCs in invertebrates, fish, wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Hormonal systems can be disrupted by numerous different anthropogenic chemicals including antiandrogens, androgens, estrogens, AhR agonists, inhibitors of steroid hormone synthesis, antithyroid substances, and retinoid agonists. In addition, pathways and targets for endocrine disruption extend beyond the traditional estrogen/androgen/thyroid receptor-mediated reproductive and developmental systems. For example, scientists have expressed concern about the potential role of EDCs in increasing trends in early puberty in girls, obesity and type II diabetes in the United States and other populations. New concerns include complex endocrine alterations induced by mixtures of chemicals, an issue broadened due to the growing awareness that EDCs present in the environment include a variety of potent human and veterinary pharmaceutical products, personal care products, nutraceuticals and phytosterols. In this review we (1) address what have we learned about the effects of EDCs on fish, wildlife, and human health, (2) discuss representative animal studies on (anti)androgens, estrogens and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like chemicals, and (3) evaluate regulatory proposals being considered for screening and testing these chemicals. C1 [Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Rider, Cynthia V.; Blystone, Chad R.; Wilson, Vickie S.; Hartig, Phillip C.; Gray, L. Earl] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hotchkiss, Andrew K.; Rider, Cynthia V.; Blystone, Chad R.] USEPA NCSU Cooperat Training Agreement CT82651201, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Div, Tox Effects Characterizat Res Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Foster, Paul M.] NIEHS, Toxicol Operat Branch, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gray, Clark L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 179 TC 238 Z9 245 U1 14 U2 143 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 235 EP 259 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn030 PG 25 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 348JS UT WOS:000259207400002 PM 18281716 ER PT J AU Wallenborn, JG Evansky, P Shannahan, JH Vallanat, B Ledbetter, AD Schladweiler, MC Richards, JH Gottipolu, RR Nyska, A Kodavanti, UP AF Wallenborn, J. Grace Evansky, Paul Shannahan, Jonathan H. Vallanat, Beena Ledbetter, Allen D. Schladweiler, Mette C. Richards, Judy H. Gottipolu, Reddy R. Nyska, Abraham Kodavanti, Urmila P. TI Subchronic inhalation of zinc sulfate induces cardiac changes in healthy rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Particulate matter; cardiovascular injury ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; PARTICULATE MATTER; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARDIOPULMONARY RESPONSES; INTRACELLULAR ZINC; WISTAR-KYOTO; PULMONARY; PARTICLES; METALS; EXPOSURE AB Zinc is a common metal in most ambient particulate matter (PM), and has been proposed to be a causative component in PM-induced adverse cardiovascular health effects. Zinc is also an essential metal and has the potential to induce many physiological and nonphysiological changes. Most toxicological Studies employ high levels of zinc. We hypothesized that subchronic inhalation of environmentally relevant levels of zinc would Cause cardiac changes in healthy rats. To address this, healthy male WKY rats (12 weeks age) were exposed via nose only inhalation to filtered air or 10, 30 or 100 mu g/m(3) of aerosolized Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4), 5 h/day, 3 days/week for 16 weeks. Necropsies occurred 48 h after the last exposure to ensure effects were due to chronic exposure rather than the last exposure. No significant changes were observed in neutrophil or macrophage count, total lavageable cells, or enzyme activity levels (lactate dehydrogenase. n-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase, gamma-ghltamyl transferase) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, indicating minimal Pulmonary effect. In the heart, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase activity decreased, while mitochondrial ferritin levels increased and succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased, Suggesting a mitochondria-specific effect. Although no cardiac pathology was seen, cardiac gene array analysis indicated small changes in genes involved in cell signaling, a pattern concordant with known zinc effects. These data indicate that inhalation of zinc at environmentally relevant levels induces cardiac effects. While changes are small in healthy rats, these may be especially relevant in individuals with pre-existent cardiovascular disease. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallenborn, J. Grace] UNC, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Evansky, Paul; Ledbetter, Allen D.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Richards, Judy H.; Gottipolu, Reddy R.; Kodavanti, Urmila P.] US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Shannahan, Jonathan H.] UNC, Sch Med, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Nyska, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Vallanat, Beena] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Carcinogen Div, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wallenborn, JG (reprint author), UNC, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM wallenborn.grace@epa.gov FU UNC; US EPA [829471]; NIEHS [T32ES007126]; National Research Council Associateship FX The authors thank Mr. John McGee of the US EPA for ICP-OES analysis of chamber zinc concentrations. We also acknowledge Drs. Linda Birnbaum, Gary Hatch, James Samet, and Steve Gavett of the US EPA, for critical review of this manuscript. This work was Supported in part by a cooperative training agreement between UNC and the US EPA (CT#829471), NIEHS grant T32ES007126, and a National Research Council Associateship (Reddy R. Gottipolu). NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 232 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.05.025 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 361NN UT WOS:000260134500008 PM 18601943 ER PT J AU Harris, LA Barton, HA AF Harris, Leona A. Barton, Hugh A. TI Comparing single and repeated dosimetry data for perfluorooctane sulfonate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Perfluorooctane sulfonate; Pharmacokinetic modeling; PBPK ID POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; BLOOD; SERUM; TOXICITY; MONKEYS; BINDING; COEFFICIENTS; ELIMINATION AB Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a member of a class of perfluorinated chemicals used in a variety of consumer and industrial applications because of their oleophobic and hydrophobic properties. It has been shown to cause toxicity in adult and developing laboratory animals. Because PFOS has also been shown to be widely distributed throughout the environment, there have been concerns about its potential health risk to humans. Limited pharmacokinetic data for PFOS are available in rodents and humans, while epidemiological studies of workers and extensive toxicity studies in rodents have been performed. The existing pharmacokinetic and toxicity database in rodents can be useful in the cross-species extrapolations needed to evaluate and interpret internal dosimetry in humans. A mathematical model that describes the disposition of PFOS in adult rats following intravenous, oral, and chronic dietary exposures was developed to gain a better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of PFOS and to determine whether single-dose kinetics are predictive of repeated-dose kinetics. in order to characterize existing time-course data, time-dependent and concentration-dependent changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters for urinary and biliary clearance and liver distribution were needed. Whether these time-dependent changes represent inconsistencies across experiments, effects of aging in the rats, OF chemically induced changes in pharmacokinetics remains to be determined. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, Leona A.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Math & Stat, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Harris, LA (reprint author), Coll New Jersey, Dept Math & Stat, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. EM harrisl@tcnj.edu; habarton@alum.mit.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 3 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.014 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 368TT UT WOS:000260646100002 PM 18706985 ER PT J AU Loux, NT Savage, N AF Loux, Nicholas T. Savage, Nora TI An assessment of the fate of metal oxide nanomaterials in porous media SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nanomaterial; aquatic environment; DLVO; porewater; metal oxide ID HAMAKER CONSTANTS; LAYER MODEL; COLLOIDS; WATER; COMPLEXATION; IRON; NANOPARTICLES; AGGREGATION; PREDICTION; PARTICLES AB Developing procedures for assessing the potential environmental fate and transport of nanomaterials is an active endeavor of the environmental technical research community. Insufficient information exists for estimating the likelihood of nanomaterial deposition on natural surfaces in aquatic environments. This work develops a framework for estimating potential metal oxide nanomaterial self-aggregation through the combined application of recent developments in diffuse layer model surface complexation theory with historical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) procedures. Findings from the work include: 1) the surface, diffuse layer, and/or zeta potentials of nanomaterials in environmental aqueous systems are likely to have an absolute value less than 25 mV, 2) only nanomaterials with a Hamaker constant as large as 1E-19 J (and an absolute surface potential < 25 mV) will likely aggregate in most environmental aquatic media, 3) natural organic matter coatings may render metal oxide nanomaterials less likely to aggregate in aquatic systems, 4) nanomaterials in aqueous suspension will likely have an absolute surface potential less than their micron-sized counterparts of the same composition, and 5) robust diffuse layer model databases of intrinsic surface site reactivity constants with multivalent aqueous environmental ions will need to be developed in order to provide accurate mechanistic estimates of the surface potential of nanoparticles suspended in aqueous environmental systems. C1 [Loux, Nicholas T.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD,EAB, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Savage, Nora] US EPA, ORD, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ERD,EAB, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM loux.nick@epa.gov NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9712-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 347LN UT WOS:000259143200020 ER PT J AU Devulapelli, VG Sahle-Demessie, E AF Devulapelli, Venu Gopal Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew TI Catalytic oxidation of dimethyl sulfide with ozone: Effects of promoter and physico-chemical properties of metal oxide catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE catalytic oxidation; ozone; dimethyl sulfide; copper oxide; molybdenum oxide ID DESTRUCTIVE OXIDATION; MOLYBDENUM CATALYSTS; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; FLY-ASH; (CH3)(2)S-2; PLATINUM; PERFORMANCE; ALUMINA; COMBUSTION; PT/AL2O3 AB This study reports improved catalytic activities and stabilities for the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide(DMS), a major pollutant of pulp and paper mills. Ozone was used as an oxidant and activities of Cu, Mo, Cr and Mn oxides, and mixed metal oxides supported on gamma-alumina, were tested over the temperature ranging from 100 to 200 degrees C. The best catalytic activity was obtained over 10 Wt.%CuO-10 wt-% MoO3 supported on gamma-Al2O3 With 100% DMS conversion and high selectivity (approximate to 96%) towards complete oxidation products such as CO2 and SO2. The addition of molybdenum to the CuO/gamma-Al2O3 significantly enhanced the selectivity of the reaction towards complete oxidization products indicating that MoO3 acts as a good promoter when used with CuO. Catalyst characterization by XRD, TPR and NH3-TPD analyses suggested that these promoting effects are due to the formation of Cu3Mo2O9 and CuMoO4 species on CuO-MoO3/gamma-Al2O3, and also a substantially higher quantity of acid sites and a stronger acid strength in CuO-MoO3/gamma-Al2O3 than CuO/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst. This study also reports the optimization of reaction parameters and effects the catalyst physico-chemical properties have on the catalytic activity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Devulapelli, Venu Gopal; Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sahle-Demessie, E (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, MS 443,26 W,ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epa.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2008.06.038 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355DE UT WOS:000259688400010 ER PT J AU Lardinois, OM Tomer, KB Mason, RP Deterding, LJ AF Lardinois, Olivier M. Tomer, Kenneth B. Mason, Ronald P. Deterding, Leesa J. TI Identification of protein radicals formed in the human neuroglobin - H2O2 reaction using immuno-spin trapping and mass spectrometry SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LIGAND-BINDING; GLOBIN FAMILY; NITRIC-OXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CYTOGLOBIN; OXYGEN; HEMOGLOBIN; BRAIN; METMYOGLOBIN AB Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered protein that shows only minor sequence similarity with myoglobin and hemoglobin but conforms to the typical 3-over-3 alpha-helical fold characteristic of vertebrate globins. An intriguing feature of Ngb is its heme hexacoordination in the absence of external ligands, observed both in the ferrous and in the ferric (met) forms. In Ngb, the imidazole of a histidine residue (His-64) in the distal position, above the heme plane, provides the sixth coordination bond. In this work, a valine residue was introduced at position 64 (H64V variant) to clarify the possible role(s) of the distal residue in protecting the heme iron of Ngb from attack by strong oxidants. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that the oxidation of the H64V variant of metNgb by H2O2 resulted in the formation of dimeric and trimeric products in contrast to the native protein. Dityrosine cross-links were shown by their fluorescence to be present in the oligomeric products. When the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was included in the reaction mixture, nitrone adducts were detected by immuno-spin trapping. The specific location of the DMPO adducts on the H64V variant protein was determined by a mass spectrometry method that combines off-line immuno-spin trapping and chromatographic procedures. This method revealed Tyr-88 to be the site of modification by DMPO. The presence of His-64 in the wild-type protein results in the nearly complete loss of detectable radical adducts. Together, the data support the argument that wild-type Ngb is protected from attack by H2O2 by the coordinated distal His. C1 [Lardinois, Olivier M.; Mason, Ronald P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Tomer, Kenneth B.; Deterding, Leesa J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lardinois, OM (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lardinois.olivier@gmail.com RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work has been supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 39 BP 10440 EP 10448 DI 10.1021/bi800771k PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 351UC UT WOS:000259450400022 PM 18767815 ER PT J AU Bjork, JA Lau, C Chang, SC Butenhoff, JL Wallace, KB AF Bjork, James A. Lau, Christopher Chang, Sue C. Butenhoff, John L. Wallace, Kendall B. TI Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced changes in fetal rat liver gene expression SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PFOS; Gene expression; PPAR; Peroxisome proliferation ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; THYROID-HORMONE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; PPAR-ALPHA; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; NHANES 1999-2000 AB In utero exposure of laboratory rats to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C(8)F(17)SO(3)(-)), a chemically stable surfactant that is widely disseminated in the environment and present in serum samples from wildlife and humans, is associated with decreased neonatal survival, and growth deficits as well as hepatomegaly. This hepatomegaly in newborn rats exposed to PFOS in utero resembles that observed in adults and is characterized by peroxisome proliferation and decreased liver triglycerides, both of which are suspected to be manifested through PPAR(x-mediated transcriptional regulation. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether these changes in metabolic status are a reflection of transcriptional changes in fetal rat liver using global gene expression array analyses. Gravid Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 3 mg/kg PFOS by gavage daily from gestational day 2-20 and terminated on day 21. Although there was no treatment-related frank terata, there was a substantial effect of PFOS on the perinatal hepatic transcriptome-225 unique transcripts were identified as statistically increased and 220 decreased by PFOS exposure; few transcripts were changed by more than two-fold. Although the PPAR alpha transcript (Ppara) itself was not affected, there was a significant increase in expression of gene transcripts associated with hepatic peroxisomal proliferation as well as those responsible for fatty acid activation, transport and oxidation pathways (both mitochondrial and peroxisomal). Additional metabolic pathways altered by in utero PFOS exposure were a stimulation of fetal hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis and a net reduction of Cyp7a1 transcript, which is required for bile acid synthesis. There were minimal effects on the expression of thyroid-related gene transcripts. In conclusion, gene expression analysis provides strong evidence indicating transcriptional control of the altered metabolic status of neonates following PFOS exposure in utero, much of which appears to be under the influence of a functional perinatal PPAR alpha regulatory pathway. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bjork, James A.; Wallace, Kendall B.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chang, Sue C.; Butenhoff, John L.] 3M Med Dept, Corp Toxicol & Regulatory Serv, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Wallace, KB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 1035 Univ Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM kwallace@d.umn.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD SEP 29 PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-3 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2008.06.007 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 364WT UT WOS:000260367000002 PM 18692542 ER PT J AU Hartig, PC Cardon, MC Blystone, CR Gray, LE Wilson, VS AF Hartig, P. C. Cardon, M. C. Blystone, C. R. Gray, L. E., Jr. Wilson, V. S. TI High throughput adjustable 96-well plate assay for androgen receptor binding: A practical approach for EDC screening using the chimpanzee AR SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Baculovirus; Screening; Androgen; Receptor; Chimpanzee ID COMPETITIVE-BINDING; BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; DISRUPTORS AB The issue as to whether natural and man-made chemicals interfere with endocrine function has raised concerns. This interference could be biologically significant even at very low doses if the chemicals interact deleteriously with hormone receptors at low concentrations. Therefore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Coordination and Policy (OSCP) requested that a nonhuman mammalian androgen receptor binding assay be developed for possible use in their Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). Ideally, this assay would be high throughput, not use animals as a source of receptor protein, easily deployed throughout the scientific community, utilize reagents available to both the public and private sector, and have the potential for future automation. We developed a highly modified 96-well plate assay which meets these criteria. It employs a baculovirus expressed recombinant primate androgen receptor which is publically available and exploits the unique ability of some mammalian androgen receptors to remain biologically active after guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) solubilization. This GdnHCl treated receptor remains soluble and requires no additional purification prior to use. We provide a very detailed description of the assay protocol itself, and similarly detailed method for producing and solublizing the receptor. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Hartig, P. C.; Cardon, M. C.; Blystone, C. R.; Gray, L. E., Jr.; Wilson, V. S.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, ORD, NHEERL,RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Blystone, C. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Hartig, PC (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, ORD, NHEERL,RTP, 2525 E Highway 54,MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hartig.Phillip@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.008 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 362NZ UT WOS:000260205700009 PM 18691642 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Boyer, EW Brown, MG Elliott, EM Lee, DK AF Golden, Heather E. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Brown, Michael G. Elliott, Emily M. Lee, Don Koo TI Simple approaches for measuring dry atmospheric nitrogen deposition to watersheds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; AMBIENT AIR; ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE; AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; NITRIC-ACID; EL-PASO AB Assessing the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on surface water quality requires accurate accounts of total N deposition (wet, dry, and cloud vapor); however, dry deposition is difficult to measure and is often spatially variable. Affordable passive sampling methods are available for estimating "hot spots'' and spatial variations of gaseous dry N deposition (i. e., nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and ammonia (NH(3))), though few viable methods for estimating the deposition from nitric acid (HNO(3)) gas using passive sampling techniques exist. We consider passive sampling approaches for assessing spatial patterns of dry atmospheric N deposition across watersheds. We describe a method for constructing an inexpensive passive sampler (for less than $ 12 per unit) for monitoring spatial variations in the magnitude of HNO(3) in the atmosphere. We demonstrate the applicability of passive samplers for use in watershed biogeochemical research and water quality management through a review of previous applications and via our own case study of the South Korean peninsula. C1 [Golden, Heather E.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brown, Michael G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Elliott, Emily M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lee, Don Koo] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM golden.heather@epa.gov RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513; FU National Science Foundation East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes Program; the Environmental Protection Agency Greater Research Opportunities program; New York Energy and Research Development Authority FX We are grateful for financial support for this work through grants from the National Science Foundation East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes Program, the Environmental Protection Agency Greater Research Opportunities program, and the New York Energy and Research Development Authority. We would like to thank the lab group of Don Koo Lee at Seoul National University for field work assistance. We appreciate thorough advice on this project from Russ Briggs and Rene Germain; interesting discussions on dry deposition associated with a related project from Doug Burns, Tom Butler, and Carol Kendall; and helpful information about passive sampling of HNO3 from Stuart Weiss. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that substantially improved the manuscript. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Agency's peer and administrative review policies and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 23 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00D02 DI 10.1029/2008WR006952 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 353ZU UT WOS:000259609500002 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI Olefin ring closing metathesis and hydrosilylation reaction in aqueous medium by Grubbs second generation ruthenium catalyst SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; N-HETEROCYCLIZATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; WATER; AZACYCLOALKANES; DERIVATIVES; CARBON; BOND AB The Grubbs second generation ruthenium catalyst was shown to catalyze various olefin ring closing metathesis and hydrosilylation reactions in aqueous medium. Reactions proceeded in pure water without any additives or cosolvents, in a short period of time. We found that inhomogeneity of the reaction mixture does not prevent high conversion (70-95%) of the products in both reactions. C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Varma, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MS 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@.epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX Vivek Polshettiwar was supported, in part, by the Postgraduate Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 19 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 18 BP 7417 EP 7419 DI 10.1021/jo801330c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 348FA UT WOS:000259195200070 PM 18722404 ER PT J AU Deroo, LA Wilcox, AJ Drevon, CA Lie, RT AF DeRoo, Lisa A. Wilcox, Allen J. Drevon, Christian A. Lie, Rolv Terje TI First-trimester maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of infant oral clefts in Norway: A population-based case-control study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; cleft lip; cleft palate ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; FATTY-ACIDS; PREGNANCY; DRINKING AB Although alcohol is a recognized teratogen, evidence is limited on alcohol intake and oral cleft risk. The authors examined the association between maternal alcohol consumption and oral clefts in a national, population-based case-control study of infants born in 1996-2001 in Norway. Participants were 377 infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, 196 with cleft palate only, and 763 controls. Mothers reported first-trimester alcohol consumption in self-administered questionnaires completed within a few months after delivery. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for confounders. Compared with nondrinkers, women who reported binge-level drinking (>= 5 drinks per sitting) were more likely to have an infant with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 4.2) and cleft palate only (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 5.6). Odds ratios were higher among women who binged on three or more occasions: odds ratio = 3.2 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 10.2) and odds ratio = 3.0 for cleft palate only (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 13.0). Maternal binge-level drinking may increase the risk of infant clefts. C1 [DeRoo, Lisa A.; Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Drevon, Christian A.] Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway. [Lie, Rolv Terje] Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, Bergen, Norway. [Lie, Rolv Terje] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. RP Deroo, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, POB 12233,Mail Drop A3-05, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM DeRooL@niehs.nih.gov RI Drevon, Christian /F-6012-2010; OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 6 BP 638 EP 646 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn186 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 344WY UT WOS:000258959200013 PM 18667525 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Nde, C Toghrol, F Bentley, WE AF Jang, Hyeung-Jin Nde, Chantal Toghrol, Freshteh Bentley, William E. TI Microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of Ortho-phenylphenol in Staphylococcus aureus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE INTERCELLULAR ADHESIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PERACETIC-ACID; CELL-WALL; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IN-VITRO AB Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is responsible for many infectious diseases, ranging from benign skin infections to life-threatening endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. Orthophenylphenol (OPP) is an antimicrobial agent and an active ingredient of EPA-registered disinfectants with wide human exposure in various agricultural, hospital and veterinary disinfectant products. Despite many uses, an understanding of a cellular response to OPP and it's mechanism of action, targeted genes, and the connectivity between targeted genes and the rest of cell metabolism remains obscure. Results: Herein, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the cellular responses of S. aureus when exposed to 0.82 mM of OPP for 20 and 60 min. Our data indicated that OPP downregulated the biosynthesis of many amino acids, which are required for protein synthesis. In particular, the genes encoding the enzymes of the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway which results in lysine biosynthesis were significantly downregualted. Intriguingly, we revealed that the transcription of genes encoding ribosomal proteins was upregulated by OPP and at the same time, the genes encoding iron acquisition and transport were downregulated. The genes encoding virulence factors were upregulated and genes encoding phospholipids were downregulated upon 20 min exposure to OPP. Conclusion: By using microarray analysis that enables us to simultaneously and globally examine the complete transcriptome during cellular responses, we have revealed novel information regarding the mode of action of OPP on Staphylococcus: OPP inhibits anabolism of many amino acids and highly downregulates the genes that encode the enzymes involved in the DAP pathway. Lysine and DAP are essential for building up the peptidoglycan cell wall. It was concluded that the mode of action of OPP is similar to the mechanism of action of some antibiotics. The discovery of this phenomenon provides useful information that will benefit further antimicrobial research on S. aureus. C1 [Toghrol, Freshteh] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Microarray Res Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Jang, Hyeung-Jin; Nde, Chantal; Bentley, William E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Toghrol, F (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Biol & Econ Anal Div, Microarray Res Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM jang.hyeungjin@epa.gov; Nde.Chantal@epa.gov; toghrol.freshteh@epa.gov; bentley@eng.umd.edu RI jang, hyeung jin/C-8022-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [T-83284001-1] FX This research is supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Grant number T-83284001-1. Although the research described in this paper has been funded wholly by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA; nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 411 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-411 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 357CS UT WOS:000259824500001 PM 18793396 ER PT J AU Fang, Y Al-Abed, SR AF Fang, Yuanxiang Al-Abed, Souhail R. TI Correlation of 2-chlorobiphenyl dechlorination by Fe/Pd with iron corrosion at different pH SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CATALYTIC DECHLORINATION; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; TCE DECHLORINATION; PALLADIZED-IRON; H-2 EVOLUTION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; HYDROGEN AB The rate of 2-chlorobiphenyl dechlorination by palladized iron (Fe/Pd) decreased with increasing pH until pH > 12.5. Iron corrosion potential (E-c) and current (j(c)), obtained from polarization curves of a rotating disk electrode of iron, followed the Tafel equation at pH <= 5.5 and pH >= 9.5. The pH dependence of the dechlorination rate constant (k(1)) suggests four pH regimes. In the low pH regime (3-5.5), vertical bar E-c vertical bar and j(c) decreased with increasing pH and k(1) was linearly correlated to vertical bar E-c vertical bar and j(c)(0.5). The correlation between k(1) and j(c)(0.5) indicates direct involvement of active hydrogen species (on the Pd surface) in PCB dechlorination. In the mid pH regime (5.5-9.5), no significant effect of pH was evident on the values of k(1), j(c) and E-cr center dot a combined result of limiting anodic oxidation of iron to an intermediate product(iron hydroxide) and a proton-independent overall reaction. Both vertical bar E-c vertical bar and j(c) increased significantly as pH increased from 9.5 to 14. A clear trough of the k(1) values in solutions of pH between 12 and 13 and the mismatch between the kinetic and corrosion data suggest two pH regimes (9.5-12.5 and 12.5-14) of different corrosion mechanisms. C1 [Fang, Yuanxiang; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM jfang@sriyannova.com; al-abed.souhail@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH FX This research was funded and conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. This paper has not been subjected to internal policy review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the opinions presented herein do not, necessarily, reflect the views of the Agency or its policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We thank Mr. Eric Graybill of Pegasus Technical Services (PTS), Inc., and Mr. Yufu Liang formerly with PTS for conducting part of the experiments. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 18 BP 6942 EP 6948 DI 10.1021/es800805y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347KM UT WOS:000259139400030 PM 18853813 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Hakk, H Birnbaum, LS AF Huwe, Janice K. Hakk, Heldur Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Tissue distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in male rats and implications for biomonitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ADULT MICE; METABOLISM AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of widely used flame retardants which have been found to persist, bioaccumulate, and potentially affect development in animals. Exposure to PBDEs can be through both diet and the environment and is generally estimated by measuring PBDEs in blood, adipose tissue, muscle, or milk samples. Using rats as a model, we investigated tissue distribution of PBDEs after oral administration and evaluated a suitable matrix for body burden estimation. Male rats were administered dust or corn oil containing 8 or mu g PBDEs kg(-1) body wt, respectively, in the diet for 21 days (N= 4 rats per treatment), and the concentration of 15 PBDEs were measured in various tissues, plasma, and feces. PBDEs were found in all tissues, including the brain, and showed no difference in distribution patterns between treatments for most PBDEs. Tri- to hexa-BDEs comprised > 80% of the total PBDEs in the adipose, brain, kidney, lung, and residual carcass, but < 40% in the liver and plasma. The ratio of the lipid-weight concentration of tri- to hexa-BDEs in adipose tissue, residual carcass, and plasma was 1:1:2. For the hepta- to nona-BDEs, lipid-weight concentrations increased from adipose tissue to residual carcass to plasma in the ratio 0.3:1:> 4. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in the liver and plasma, but was not detected in the adipose tissue or carcass. In summary,the lower brominated congeners tended to distribute equally into lipids implying both adipose tissue and plasma would be suitable matrices for biomonitoring. Plasma was the best matrix for detection of the higher brominated congeners (especially BDE-209), although on a lipid-weight basis tended to overestimate the total body burdens. C1 [Huwe, Janice K.; Hakk, Heldur] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janice.huwe@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 18 BP 7018 EP 7024 DI 10.1021/es801344a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347KM UT WOS:000259139400042 PM 18853825 ER PT J AU Caruso, BS Cox, TJ Runkel, RL Velleux, ML Bencala, KE Nordstrom, DK Julien, PY Butler, BA Alpers, CN Marion, A Smith, KS AF Caruso, B. S. Cox, T. J. Runkel, R. L. Velleux, M. L. Bencala, K. E. Nordstrom, D. K. Julien, P. Y. Butler, B. A. Alpers, C. N. Marion, A. Smith, K. S. TI Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; MINING-IMPACTED STREAM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ACUTE TOXICITY C1 [Caruso, B. S.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Cox, T. J.] CDM, Denver, CO USA. [Runkel, R. L.; Smith, K. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Velleux, M. L.; Julien, P. Y.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bencala, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nordstrom, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Butler, B. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO USA. [Alpers, C. N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Marion, A.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. RP Caruso, BS (reprint author), US EPA, Denver, CO USA. EM Caruso.brian@epa.gov RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 99 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 19 SI SI BP 4011 EP 4021 DI 10.1002/hyp.7114 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 364IL UT WOS:000260329300011 ER PT J AU Moya, J Itkin, C Selevan, SG Rogers, JW Clickner, RP AF Moya, Jacqueline Itkin, Cheryl Selevan, Sherry G. Rogers, John W. Clickner, Robert P. TI Estimates of fish consumption rates for consumers of bought and self-caught fish in Connecticut, Florida, Minnesota, and North Dakota SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fish consumption; recreational anglers; Florida; Connecticut; Minnesota; North Dakota AB Fish consumption rates derived from national surveys may not accurately reflect consumption rates in a particular population such as recreational anglers. Many state and local health agencies in the U.S. have conducted area-specific surveys to study fish consumption patterns in local populations, assess exposure to environmental contaminants, or evaluate compliance with fish advisories. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has analyzed the raw data from fish consumption surveys in Florida, Connecticut, Minnesota, and North Dakota for the purpose of deriving distributions of fish consumption rates and studying the variables that may be more predictive of high-end consumers. Distributions of fish consumption for different age cohorts, ethnic groups, socioeconomic statuses, types of fish (i.e., freshwater, marine, estuarine), and source of fish (i.e., store-bought versus self-caught) were derived. Consumption of fish and shellfish for those who consume both caught and bought fish is higher than those who reported eating only bought or only self-caught. Mean fish consumption per kilogram of body weight ranged from 0.11 g/kg-day to 2.3 g/kg-day. The highest values were observed in Florida for children 1<6 years of age. The Florida data show a statistically significant increase in the percentage of the population reporting fish and shellfish consumption with an increase in household income and education. This trend was not observed in the other states. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moya, Jacqueline; Itkin, Cheryl] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rogers, John W.; Clickner, Robert P.] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Moya, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8623P,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Moya.jaqueline@epa.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352ZW UT WOS:000259536900008 PM 18579180 ER PT J AU Meacham, CA Brodfuehrer, PD Watkins, JA Shafer, TJ AF Meacham, Connie A. Brodfuehrer, Peter D. Watkins, Jennifer A. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Developmentally-regulated sodium channel subunits are differentially sensitive to alpha-cyano containing pyrethroids SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; sodium channel; development; deltamethrin ID AGE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GATED NA+ CHANNELS; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; MESSENGER-RNAS; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; AUXILIARY SUBUNIT; CLONED CDNA AB Juvenile Fats have been reported to be more sensitive to the acute neurotoxic effects of the pyrethroid deltamethrin than adults. While toxicokinetic differences between juveniles and adults are documented, toxicodynamic differences have not been examined. Voltage-gated sodium channels, the primary targets of pyrethroids, are comprised of alpha and beta subunits, each of which have multiple isoforms that are expressed in a developmentally-regulated manner. To begin to test whether toxicodynamic differences Could contribute to age-dependent deltamethrin toxicity, deltamethrin effects were examined on sodium currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with different combinations of rat alpha (Na(v)1.2 or Na(v)1.3) and beta (beta(1) or beta(3))subunits. Deltamethrin induced tail currents in all isoform combinations and increased the percent of modified channels in a concentration -dependent manner. Effects of deltamethrin were dependent on Subunit combination: Na(v)1.3-containing channels were modified to a greater extent than were Na(v)1.2-containing channels. in the presence of a beta subunit, deltamethrin effects were significantly greater, an effect most pronounced for Na(v)1.3 channels: Na(v)1.3/beta(3) channels were more sensitive to deltamethrin than Na(v)1.2/beta(1) channels. Na(v)1.3/beta(3) channels are expressed embryonically, while the Na(v)1.2 and beta(1) subunits predominate in adults, supporting the hypothesis for age-dependent toxicodynamic differences. Structure-activity relationships for sensitivity of these subunit combinations were examined for other pyrethroids. Permethrin and tetramethrin did not Modify Currents mediated by either subunit combination. Cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate and fenpropathrin all modified sodium channel function; effects were significantly greater on Na(v)1.3/beta(3) than on Na(v)1.2/beta(1) channels. These data demonstrate a greater sensitivity of Na(v)1.3 vs Na(v)1.2 channels to deltamethrin and other cyano-containing pyrethroids, particularly in the presence of a beta subunit. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Meacham, Connie A.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brodfuehrer, Peter D.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Watkins, Jennifer A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, MD B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013 FU EPA Student Services [EPOD00032] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Ambuja Bale, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for her assistance with oocyte recordings. We also thank Dr. David Soderlund, Cornell University and Dr. Mary Gilbert, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for their valuable comments on and discussion of a previous version of this manuscript. JAW was supported by EPA Student Services Contract #EPOD00032. NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 231 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.017 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 353AG UT WOS:000259537900001 PM 18538810 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MG Dentener, FJ Fiore, AM Cuvelier, C Keating, TJ Zuber, A Atherton, CS Bergmann, DJ Diehl, T Doherty, RM Duncan, BN Hess, P Horowitz, LW Jacob, DJ Jonson, JE Kaminski, JW Lupu, A MacKenzie, IA Mancini, E Marmer, E Park, R Pitari, G Prather, MJ Pringle, KJ Schroeder, S Schultz, MG Shindell, DT Szopa, S Wild, O Wind, P AF Sanderson, M. G. Dentener, F. J. Fiore, A. M. Cuvelier, C. Keating, T. J. Zuber, A. Atherton, C. S. Bergmann, D. J. Diehl, T. Doherty, R. M. Duncan, B. N. Hess, P. Horowitz, L. W. Jacob, D. J. Jonson, J. -E. Kaminski, J. W. Lupu, A. MacKenzie, I. A. Mancini, E. Marmer, E. Park, R. Pitari, G. Prather, M. J. Pringle, K. J. Schroeder, S. Schultz, M. G. Shindell, D. T. Szopa, S. Wild, O. Wind, P. TI A multi-model study of the hemispheric transport and deposition of oxidised nitrogen SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEMS; FUTURE AB Fifteen chemistry-transport models are used to quantify, for the first time, the export of oxidised nitrogen (NOy) to and from four regions (Europe, North America, South Asia, and East Asia), and to estimate the uncertainty in the results. Between 12 and 24% of the NOx emitted is exported from each region annually. The strongest impact of each source region on a foreign region is: Europe on East Asia, North America on Europe, South Asia on East Asia, and East Asia on North America. Europe exports the most NOy, and East Asia the least. East Asia receives the most NOy from the other regions. Between 8 and 15% of NOx emitted in each region is transported over distances larger than 1000 km, with 3-10% ultimately deposited over the foreign regions. C1 [Sanderson, M. G.; Pringle, K. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dentener, F. J.; Cuvelier, C.; Marmer, E.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG JRC, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC USA. [Zuber, A.] European Commiss, Environm Directorate Gen, Brussels, Belgium. [Atherton, C. S.; Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Diehl, T.; Duncan, B. N.] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modelling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonson, J. -E.; Wind, P.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Kaminski, J. W.; Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, Laquila, Italy. [Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Schroeder, S.; Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG2, Julich, Germany. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Div Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Sanderson, MG (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RI Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Pringle, Kirsty /A-4697-2013; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; OI Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 17 AR L17815 DI 10.1029/2008GL035389 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 348GV UT WOS:000259199900008 ER PT J AU Surratt, JD Gomez-Gonzalez, Y Chan, AWH Vermeylen, R Shahgholi, M Kleindienst, TE Edney, EO Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Maenhaut, W Claeys, M Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Surratt, Jason D. Gomez-Gonzalez, Yadian Chan, Arthur W. H. Vermeylen, Reinhilde Shahgholi, Mona Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Edney, Edward O. Offenberg, John H. Lewandowski, Michael Jaoui, Mohammed Maenhaut, Willy Claeys, Magda Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Organosulfate formation in biogenic secondary organic aerosol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ALPHA-PINENE; PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; BETA-PINENE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ACCRETION REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Organosulfates of isoprene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene have recently been identified in both laboratory-generated and ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this Study, the mechanism and ubiquity of organosulfate formation in biogenic SOA is investigated by a comprehensive series of laboratory photooxidation (i.e., OH-initiated oxidation) and nighttime oxidation (i.e.,,NO3-initiated oxidation under dark conditions) experiments using nine monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, d-limonene, l-limonene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, Delta(3)-carene, and beta-phellandrene) and three monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, d-limonene, and l-limonene), respectively. Organosulfates were characterized using liquid chromatographic techniques coupled to electrospray ionization combined with both linear ion trap and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Organosulfates are formed only when monoterpenes are oxidized in the presence of acidified sulfate seed aerosol, a result consistent with prior work. Archived laboratory-generated isoprene SOA and ambient filter samples collected from the southeastern U.S. were reexamined for organosulfates. By comparing the tandem mass spectrometric and accurate mass measurements collected for both the laboratory-generated and ambient aerosol, previously uncharacterized ambient organic aerosol components are found to be organosulfates of isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and limonene-like monoterpenes (e.g., myrcene), demonstrating the ubiquity of organosulfate formation in ambient SOA. Several of the organosulfates of isoprene and of the monoterpenes characterized in this study are ambient tracer compounds for the occurrence of biogenic SOA formation under acidic conditions. Furthermore, the nighttime oxidation experiments conducted under highly acidic conditions reveal a viable mechanism for the formation of previously identified nitrooxy organosulfates found in ambient nighttime aerosol samples. We estimate that the organosulfate contribution to the total organic mass fraction of ambient aerosol collected from K-puszta, Hungary, a field site with a similar organosulfate composition as that found in the present study for the southeastern U.S., can be as high as 30%. C1 [Chan, Arthur W. H.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Surratt, Jason D.; Shahgholi, Mona] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gomez-Gonzalez, Yadian; Vermeylen, Reinhilde; Claeys, Magda] Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Edney, Edward O.; Offenberg, John H.; Lewandowski, Michael] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Maenhaut, Willy] Univ Ghent, Inst Nucl Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Chan, Arthur/I-2233-2013; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Chan, Arthur/0000-0001-7392-4237; Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627 NR 95 TC 248 Z9 251 U1 14 U2 211 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 11 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 36 BP 8345 EP 8378 DI 10.1021/jp802310p PG 34 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 345FE UT WOS:000258980700019 PM 18710205 ER PT J AU Ruiz, P Faroon, O Moudgal, CJ Hansen, H De Rosa, CT Mumtaz, M AF Ruiz, P. Faroon, O. Moudgal, C. J. Hansen, H. De Rosa, C. T. Mumtaz, M. TI Prediction of the health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Toxicol DE QSAR; SAR; Computational toxicology; Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; ENZYME-ALTERED ISLANDS; RAT-LIVER; AROCLOR 1254; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PROMOTING ACTIVITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; DNA-DAMAGE; MOUSE LUNG AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 persistent environmental contaminants that are slightly different but structurally related. PCBs are known to induce a variety of health effects and often have been toxicologically tested as complex commercial mixtures (Aroclors) but environmental exposure occurs separately to a small number of specific congeners. Recently, the Third National Report on Human Exposures to Environmental Chemicals, an assessment of exposure data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), identified 35 individual PCB congeners in the U.S. population. These types of findings necessitate the toxicity evaluation of individual congeners but adequate toxicity data for most individual PCB congeners are not available. Due to this, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach was used to assess the potential mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of individual congeners and their possible metabolites. The predictions were analyzed to define the underlying generalizations between the parent PCBs, their metabolites, and some important toxicological endpoints. This analysis reveals that (1) mono and di-chlorinated PCBs and their metabolites can be potential mutagens; (2) PCB benzoquinone metabolites could be carcinogenic but the weight of evidence is poor. These results support the hypothesis that environmental exposure to some PCBs and/or their metabolites could produce mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity. Hence, these data should be considered as priority toxicological testing data needs. As with all computational toxicology analytical findings, these conclusions must yield to empirical data as they become available. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Moudgal, C. J.] US EPA, Threat & Consequence Assessment Div, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Kansas City, KS USA. [Ruiz, P.; Faroon, O.; Hansen, H.; De Rosa, C. T.; Mumtaz, M.] Computat Toxicol & Methods Dev Unit, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ruiz, P (reprint author), Computat Toxicol & Methods Dev Unit, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-F32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pruiz@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.870 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 361RO UT WOS:000260145000008 PM 18662755 ER PT J AU Bullock, OR Atkinson, D Braverman, T Civerolo, K Dastoor, A Davignon, D Ku, JY Lohman, K Myers, TC Park, RJ Seigneur, C Selin, NE Sistla, G Vijayaraghavan, K AF Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Atkinson, Dwight Braverman, Thomas Civerolo, Kevin Dastoor, Ashu Davignon, Didier Ku, Jia-Yeong Lohman, Kristen Myers, Thomas C. Park, Rokjin J. Seigneur, Christian Selin, Noelle E. Sistla, Gopal Vijayaraghavan, Krish TI The North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study (NAMMIS): Study description and model-to-model comparisons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GLOBAL SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; PARAMETERIZATION; FORMULATION AB An atmospheric mercury model intercomparison study has been conducted to compare three regional-scale atmospheric mercury models, CMAQ, REMSAD, and TEAM, in a tightly constrained testing environment with a focus on North America. Each of these models used the same horizontal modeling grid, pollutant emission information, modeled meteorology, and boundary conditions to the greatest extent practical. Three global-scale atmospheric mercury models were applied to define three separate initial condition and boundary condition (IC/BC) data sets for elemental mercury, reactive gaseous mercury, and particulate mercury air concentrations for use by the regional-scale models. The monthly average boundary concentrations of some mercury species simulated by the global models were found to vary by more than a factor of 10, especially at high altitudes. CMAQ, REMSAD, and TEAM were each applied three times, once for each IC/BC data set, to simulate atmospheric mercury transport and deposition during 2001. This paper describes the study design and shows qualitative model-to-model comparisons of simulation results on an annual basis. The air concentration patterns for mercury simulated by the regional-scale models showed significant differences even when the same IC/BC data set was used. Simulated wet deposition of mercury was strongly influenced by the shared precipitation data, but differences of over 50% were still apparent. Simulated dry deposition of mercury was found to vary between the regional-scale models by nearly a factor of 10 in some locations. Further analysis is underway to perform statistical comparisons of simulated and observed mercury wet deposition using weekly and annual sample integration periods. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell, Jr.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Atkinson, Dwight] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Braverman, Thomas] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Civerolo, Kevin; Ku, Jia-Yeong; Sistla, Gopal] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Air Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Dastoor, Ashu; Davignon, Didier] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Lohman, Kristen; Seigneur, Christian; Vijayaraghavan, Krish] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Air Qual Div, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Myers, Thomas C.] ICF Int, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. [Park, Rokjin J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Selin, Noelle E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Park, Rokjin J.; Selin, Noelle E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U. S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548] FX A portion of the research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement DW13921548. This work constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the policies or views of these and the other participating agencies. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D17 AR D17310 DI 10.1029/2008JD009803 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348GZ UT WOS:000259200300004 ER PT J AU Bouchard, D Ma, X AF Bouchard, Dermont Ma, Xin TI Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of C-60, C-70, and [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester in synthetic and natural waters SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; nanoparticles; nanomaterials; nanoparticle suspensions; colloidal nanoparticles ID SOLAR-CELLS; FULLERENES; NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSIONS; SOLUBILITY; TOXICITY; DAPHNIA; PHASE AB Studies have shown that C-60 fullerene can form stable colloidal Suspensions in water that result in C-60 aqueous concentrations many orders of magnitude above C-60's aqueous solubility; however, quantitative methods for the analysis of C-60 and other fullerenes in environmental media are scarce. Using a 80/20v/v toluene-acetonitrile mobile phase and a 4.6 mm x 150 mm Cosmosil 5 mu PYE column, C-60, C-70, and PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester) were fully resolved. Selectivity factors (alpha) for C-60 relative to PCBM and C-70 relative to C-60 were 3.18 and 2.19, respectively. The best analytical wavelengths for the fullerenes were determined to be 330, 333, and 333 nm with log molar absorption coefficients (log epsilon) of 4.63, 4.82. and 4.60 for PCBM, C-60, C-70, respectively. Extraction and quantitation of all three fullerenes in aqueous suspensions over a range of pH (4-10) and ionic strengths were very good. Whole-method quantification limits for ground and surface Suspensions were 2.87, 2.48, and 6.54 mu g/L for PCBM, C-60, and C-70, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bouchard, Dermont; Ma, Xin] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bouchard, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bouchard.dermont@epa.gov NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 1203 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.068 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 345BZ UT WOS:000258972300005 PM 18687437 ER PT J AU Mathur, R AF Mathur, Rohit TI Estimating the impact of the 2004 Alaskan forest fires on episodic particulate matter pollution over the eastern United States through assimilation of satellite-derived aerosol optical depths in a regional air quality model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ETA-MODEL; MODIS; SYSTEM; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; TROPICS; OZONE; GASES AB During the summer of 2004, extensive wildfires burned in Alaska and western Canada; the fires were the largest on record for Alaska. Smoke from these fires was observed over the continental United States in satellite images, and a variety of chemical tracers associated with the fires were sampled by aircrafts deployed during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation field experiment. Several recent studies have quantified the impacts of the long-range transport of pollution associated with these fires on tropospheric CO and O-3 levels over the eastern United States. This study quantifies the episodic impact of this pollution transport event on surface-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations over the eastern United States during mid-July 2004, through the complementary use of remotely sensed, aloft, and surface measurements, in conjunction with a comprehensive regional atmospheric chemistry-transport model. A methodology is developed to assimilate MODIS aerosol optical depths in the model to represent the impacts of the fires. The resultant model predictions of CO and PM2.5 distributions are compared extensively with corresponding surface and aloft measurements. On the basis of the model calculations, a 0.12Tg enhancement in tropospheric PM2.5 mass loading over the eastern United States is estimated on 19 July 2004 due to the fires. This amount is significantly larger (approximately a factor of 8) than the total daily anthropogenic fine particulate matter emissions for the continental United States. Analysis of measured and modeled PM2.5 surface-level concentrations suggests that the transport of particulate matter pollution associated with the fires resulted in a 24-42 % enhancement in median surface-level PM2.5 concentrations across the eastern United States during 19-23 July 2004. C1 US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mathur, R (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM mathur.rohit@epa.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D17 AR D17302 DI 10.1029/2007JD009767 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345MG UT WOS:000259000300003 ER PT J AU Shi, M Umbach, DM Vermeulen, SH Weinberg, CR AF Shi, M. Umbach, D. M. Vermeulen, S. H. Weinberg, C. R. TI Making the most of case-mother/control-mother studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; genetics; linear models; polymorphism, single nucleotide; risk ID CASE-PARENT TRIADS; GENES; JOINT AB The prenatal environment plays an important role in many conditions, particularly those with onset early in life, such as childhood cancers and birth defects. Because both maternal and fetal genotypes can influence risk, investigators sometimes use a case-mother/control-mother design, with mother-offspring pairs as the unit of analysis, to study genetic factors. Risk models should account for both the maternal genotype and the correlated fetal genotype to avoid confounding. The usual logistic regression analysis, however, fails to fully exploit the fact that these are mothers and offspring. Consider an autosomal, diallelic locus, which could be related to disease susceptibility either directly or through linkage with a polymorphic causal locus. Three nested levels of assumptions are often natural and plausible. The first level simply assumes Mendelian inheritance. The second further assumes parental mating symmetry for the studied locus in the source population. The third additionally assumes parental allelic exchangeability. Those assumptions imply certain nonlinear constraints; the authors enforce those constraints by using Poisson regression together with the expectation-maximization algorithm. Calculations reveal that improvements in efficiency over the usual logistic analysis can be substantial, even if only the Mendelian assumption is honored. Benefits are even more marked if, as is typical, information on genotype is missing for some individuals. C1 [Shi, M.; Umbach, D. M.; Weinberg, C. R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Vermeulen, S. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Vermeulen, S. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Vermeulen, S. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & HTA, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Vermeulen, S. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Weinberg, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Mail Drop A3-03 101-A315, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weinber2@niehs.nih.gov RI Vermeulen, H.H.M./L-4716-2015 FU Intramural Research Program; NIH; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Ter Meulen Fund FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. It was also supported by the Ter Meulen Fund. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 5 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn149 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 343MZ UT WOS:000258859500010 PM 18650222 ER PT J AU Grange, AH AF Grange, Andrew H. TI An Autosampler and Field Sample Carrier for Maximizing Throughput Using an Open-Air, Surface Sampling Ion Source for MS SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A commercially available, open-air, surface sampling ion Source for mass spectrometers provides individual analyses in several seconds. To realize its full-throughput potential, an autosampler and field sample carrier were designed and built. The autosampler provides analyses of 76 swabs in 7.5 min. The field sample carrier simplifies sample collection and provides the cotton swabs nearly ready for analysis upon receipt. These devices were easily fabricated from less than $350 worth of materials using a 10-in. table saw, 10-in. drill press, and small combination lathe and mill. In addition, ion correlation software based on exact masses and relative isotopic abundances was written to deconvolute composite mass spectra that Occur in the absence of prior component separation. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the U.S. EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER LABORATORY-LABCOMPARE PI SHELTON PA 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 16 BP 11 EP + PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 358QJ UT WOS:000259932300002 ER PT J AU Vitorino, R Guedes, S Tomer, K Domingues, P Duarte, J Amado, F AF Vitorino, Rui Guedes, Sofia Tomer, Kenneth Domingues, Pedro Duarte, Jose Amado, Francisco TI On-plate digestion using a commercial microfraction collector for nano-HPLC matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight protein analysis SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACQUIRED ENAMEL PELLICLE; IN-VIVO; IDENTIFICATION; MS AB A new method for on-plate protein digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry analysis is proposed involving an automated one-step sample separation using nano-flow HPLC followed by nanoliter fraction collection and on-plate digestion with trypsin. This procedure uses a commercial automatic nanoliter fraction collection system for on-line spotting of the eluent onto a MALDI target. After protein digestion, the reaction is stopped by the addition of acidified matrix using the same automated system. Collected spots are subsequently analyzed using a MALDI tandem time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometer for protein sequencing and identification. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vitorino, Rui; Guedes, Sofia; Domingues, Pedro; Amado, Francisco] Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Tomer, Kenneth] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Struct Biol Lab, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Duarte, Jose] Univ Porto, Fac Sport, CIAFEL, P-4200450 Oporto, Portugal. RP Vitorino, R (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. EM rvitorino@ua.pt RI Domingues, Pedro/E-5202-2010; Duarte, Jose/F-1443-2013; PTMS, RNEM/C-1589-2014; Vitorino, Rui/G-7356-2014; Amado, Francisco/M-5337-2015 OI Domingues, Pedro/0000-0002-8060-7675; Duarte, Jose/0000-0003-4756-5917; Vitorino, Rui/0000-0003-3636-5805; Guedes, Sofia de Morais/0000-0001-9556-3639; Amado, Francisco/0000-0001-8256-1749 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050171-08] NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 380 IS 1 BP 128 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.006 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 329VI UT WOS:000257898300018 PM 18519023 ER PT J AU Wrench, N Pinto, CRF Klinefelter, GR Dix, DJ Flowers, WL Farin, CE AF Wrench, N. Pinto, C. R. F. Klinefelter, G. R. Dix, D. J. Flowers, W. L. Farin, C. E. TI Effect of season on sperm membrane protein 22 and selected mRNAs in fresh and cryopreserved stallion sperm SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on Stallion Reproduction CY SEP 18-20, 2008 CL Graamado, BRAZIL C1 [Wrench, N.; Flowers, W. L.; Farin, C. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pinto, C. R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Klinefelter, G. R.; Dix, D. J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM carlos_pinto@ncsu.edu RI Pinto, Carlos/C-9009-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3-4 MA 55 BP 357 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.05.134 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 337LO UT WOS:000258437800068 ER PT J AU Mumford, JL AF Mumford, Judy L. TI BIOMARKERS FOR ASSESSING POTENTIAL CARCINOGNEIC EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURSE IN INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mumford, Judy L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5C MA 472 BP 3414 EP 3415 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 367ME UT WOS:000260555300473 ER PT J AU Campbell, R Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS AF Campbell, Robert, Jr. Cooper, Glinda S. Gilkeson, Gary S. TI The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus among patients of the Carolina lupus study early in the course of disease SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Campbell, Robert, Jr.; Gilkeson, Gary S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US Enviromn Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S416 EP S417 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200698 ER PT J AU Flower, CH Hennis, AJM Nicholson, GD Hambleton, IR Liang, MH Kimberly, R Parks, CG AF Flower, Cindy H. Hennis, Anselm J. M. Nicholson, George D. Hambleton, Ian R. Liang, Matthew H. Kimberly, Robert Parks, Christine G. TI A population study of SLE incidence, prevalence and clinical features: The Barbados Lupus Study SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Flower, Cindy H.; Nicholson, George D.] Univ W Indies, Sch Clin Med & Res, St Michael, Barbados. [Hennis, Anselm J. M.; Hambleton, Ian R.] Chron Dis Res Ctr, St Michael, Barbados. [Liang, Matthew H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kimberly, Robert] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Parks, Christine G.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S883 EP S883 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244202440 ER PT J AU Park, MM Parks, CG Cooper, GS Gilkeson, GS Dooley, MA AF Park, Melissa M. Parks, Christine G. Cooper, Glinda S. Gilkeson, Gary S. Dooley, Mary Anne TI The association of early family characteristics with adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S808 EP S808 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244202231 ER PT J AU Williams, R Case, M Yeatts, K Chen, FL Scott, J Svendsen, E Devlin, R AF Williams, Ron Case, Martin Yeatts, Karin Chen, Fu-Lin Scott, James Svendsen, Erik Devlin, Robert TI Personal coarse particulate matter exposures in an adult cohort SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse particulate matter; PM10-2.5. personal monitoring ID RESIDENTIAL OUTDOOR; PARTICLES; AMBIENT; INDOOR; HEALTH; ASTHMA AB Volunteers associated with the North Carolina Adult Asthma and Environment Study (NCAAES) participated in an investigation of personal daily exposures to coarse and fine particulate matter size fractions (PM10-2.5. PM2.5). Data from these personal measurements were then compared to community-based measures that might typically represent surrogate measurements of exposure often used in epidemiological assessments. To determine personal exposures to various particulate matter (PM) size fractions, a recently evaluated personal PM monitor capable of direct PM10-2.5 size fraction collection was used. Participants living in the central region of North Carolina and enrolled in the NCAAES were asked to wear the monitor attached to a supporting backpack for 24-h collection periods. These volunteers were monitored for 2 to 4 days with subsequent gravimetric analysis of their PM samples. Personal PM10-2.5 mass concentrations were observed to be highly variable and ranged from 7.6 to 40.2 mu g/m(3) over an 8-month period. The median for this measurement from all participants (50th percentile) was 13.7 mu g/m(3). A coefficient of determination (r(2)) of 0.02 was established for community-based PM10-2.5 mass concentrations versus personal exposures. Similar coefficients established for PM2.5 mass revealed only a modest improvement in agreement (r(2) = 0.12). Data from the exposure findings are reported here. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williams, Ron; Chen, Fu-Lin] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Case, Martin; Scott, James; Devlin, Robert] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yeatts, Karin] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Svendsen, Erik] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, MD-E-205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM williams.ronald@epa.gov RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 FU US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and conducted the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. We wish to thank the participants for wearing the personal monitoring and the NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 28 BP 6743 EP 6748 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.034 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 363KA UT WOS:000260265000004 ER PT J AU Bullock, KR Duvall, RM Norris, GA McDow, SR Hays, MD AF Bullock, Kerry R. Duvall, Rachelle M. Norris, Gary A. McDow, Stephen R. Hays, Michael D. TI Evaluation of the CMB and PMF models using organic molecular markers in fine particulate matter collected during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chemical mass balance model; Positive matrix factorization; Source apportionment; Organic tracers; Pittsburgh Air Quality Study ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; DIESEL EXHAUST; GAS-PHASE; AEROSOL; TRACERS AB This analysis investigated different possible strategies for source apportionment of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using data collected as part of the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS). More specifically, we apportioned the organic fraction of the winter and summer season PM2.5 using two source-receptor models - the EPA Chemical Mass Balance 8.2 (CMB) and EPA Positive Matrix Factorization 1.1 (PMF) models - and tested several case scenarios with each model by varying either the chemical species or source profiles used as model input. Moreover, we added the constraint of selecting only individual molecular marker species with concentrations above their minimum quantitative limits. Model results suggest that the molecular marker and source profile selection can strongly affect the model, as reflected in the source contribution estimates determined by both CMB and PMF. Biomass burning and mobile emissions sources were identified by both models as being major source contributors in Pittsburgh. A third source was consistent with a meat cooking profile but was more likely a combination of cooking and secondary organic aerosol. As expected, the relative proportion of each source's contribution depended on both the season and on whether the CMB or PMF model was applied. Selecting fewer species in CMB resulted in less mass being apportioned, and an unrealistically large wood burning contribution estimate. Swapping a wildfire profile for one of the two wood burning profiles also resulted in less mass being apportioned in the winter. The results suggest that CMB can distinguish between fireplace burning and wildfire contributions when appropriate species are included. The gasoline/diesel split also varied by up to an order of magnitude, depending on which model was applied and which species were fit. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bullock, Kerry R.; Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Duvall, Rachelle M.; Norris, Gary A.; McDow, Stephen R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 29 BP 6897 EP 6904 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.011 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369WV UT WOS:000260725500003 ER PT J AU Courbois, JY Katz, SL Isaak, DJ Steel, EA Thurow, RF Rub, AMW Olsen, T Jordan, CE AF Courbois, Jean-Yves Katz, Stephen L. Isaak, Daniel J. Steel, E. Ashley Thurow, Russell F. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Olsen, Tony Jordan, Chris E. TI Evaluating probability sampling strategies for estimating redd counts: an example with Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; RESOURCES; DESIGNS; IDAHO AB Precise, unbiased estimates of population size are an essential tool for fisheries management. For a wide variety of salmonid fishes, redd counts from a sample of reaches are commonly used to monitor annual trends in abundance. Using a 9-year time series of georeferenced censuses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds from central Idaho, USA, we evaluated a wide range of common sampling strategies for estimating the total abundance of redds. We evaluated two sampling-unit sizes (200 and 1000 m reaches), three sample proportions (0.05, 0.10 and 0.29) and six sampling strategies (index sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, adaptive cluster sampling, and a spatially balanced design). We evaluated the strategies based on their accuracy (confidence interval coverage), precision (relative standard error) and cost (based on travel time). Accuracy increased with increasing number of redds, increasing sample size, and smaller sampling units. The total number of redds in the watershed and budgetary constraints influenced which strategies were most precise and effective. For years with very few redds (<0.15 redds.km (1)), a stratified sampling strategy and inexpensive strategies were most efficient, whereas for year with more redds (0.15-2.9 redds.km (1)) either of two more expensive systematic strategies were most precise. C1 [Courbois, Jean-Yves; Katz, Stephen L.; Steel, E. Ashley; Rub, A. Michelle Wargo; Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.; Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Olsen, Tony] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Jordan, CE (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA Fisheries, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM chris.jordan@noaa.gov RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011; OI Steel, E. Ashley/0000-0001-5091-276X FU Bonneville power Administration [2003-017] FX We thank Steven Smith. George Pess, Martin Liermann, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive critiques of the Manuscript and Blake Feist for expert assistance on the figures. This work was funded in part by the Bonneville power Administration (Project 2003-017 to CEJ). NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1814 EP 1830 DI 10.1139/F08-092 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361HR UT WOS:000260119200003 ER PT J AU Marraccini, P Brass, DM Hollingsworth, JW Maruoka, S Garantziotis, S Schwartz, DA AF Marraccini, P. Brass, D. M. Hollingsworth, J. W. Maruoka, S. Garantziotis, S. Schwartz, D. A. TI Bakery flour dust exposure causes non-allergic inflammation and enhances allergic airway inflammation in mice SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE allergic asthma; baker's asthma; endotoxin; flour dust; LPS; occupational airways disease; toll-like receptor 4 ID WHEAT-FLOUR; ASTHMA; SENSITIZATION; WORKERS; PREVENTION; SYMPTOMS; DISEASE AB Background Baker's asthma is one of the most commonly reported occupational lung diseases in countries where fresh bread is baked daily in large quantities, and is characterized by rhinitis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction. Epidemiological studies have identified pre-existing atopy as an important risk factor for developing baker's asthma, yet the aetiology and pathogenesis of baker's asthma remain poorly understood. Objective We sought to develop a mouse model of baker's asthma that could be used to characterize the development and progression of baker's asthma. Methods We were unable to sensitize mice to bakery flour dust or flour dust extract. We assessed total inflammatory cells, cellular differential, total serum IgE and the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to oropharyngeally instilled bakery flour dust or flour dust extract by itself or in the context of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Results Both bakery flour dust and flour dust extract consistently elicited a neutrophilic inflammation in a Toll-like receptor 4-independent manner; suggesting that endotoxin is not playing a role in the inflammatory response to flour dust. Moreover, bakery flour dust and dust extract significantly enhance the inflammatory response in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. Conclusions Bakery flour dust and flour dust extract are strongly pro-inflammatory and can cause non-allergic airway inflammation and can enhance allergen-mediated airway inflammation. C1 [Brass, D. M.; Maruoka, S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Neonatal & Perinatal Res Inst, Dept Pediat,Neonatol Div, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Marraccini, P.] Fdn Maggiore Policlin Hosp Mangiagalli & Regina E, Prevent & Occupat Med Dept, Unit Environm & Occupat, Milan, Italy. [Hollingsworth, J. W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Schwartz, D. A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NHLBI, Lab Environm Lung Dis, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Brass, DM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Neonatal & Perinatal Res Inst, Dept Pediat,Neonatol Div, Box 3373, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM david.brass@duke.edu RI Garantziotis, Stavros/A-6903-2009 OI Garantziotis, Stavros/0000-0003-4007-375X FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [HL91335]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES11961]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AI058161] FX Funding Support: This research was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES11961); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL91335) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI058161). NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1526 EP 1535 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03038.x PG 10 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 341PS UT WOS:000258727400015 PM 18564331 ER PT J AU Kakizaki, S Yamazaki, Y Takizawa, D Negishi, M AF Kakizaki, Satoru Yamazaki, Yuichi Takizawa, Daichi Negishi, Masahiko TI New insights on the xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors in liver diseases - CAR and PXR- SO CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM LA English DT Review DE nuclear receptor; constitutive androstane receptor; pregnane X receptor; liver disease ID PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; THYROID-HORMONE METABOLISM; RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-3; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; DRUG-INDUCED OSTEOMALACIA; NF-KAPPA-B; CROSS-TALK; RAT-LIVER AB The xenobiotic receptors CAR and PXR constitute two important members of the NRII nuclear receptor family. They function as sensors of toxic byproducts derived from the endogenous metabolism and of exogenous chemicals, in order to enhance their elimination. They regulate numerous genes which are involved in drug and xenobiotic metabolism, including Phase I (cytochrome P450), Phase II (conjugation catalyzed by sulfotransferases, glucuronosyltransferases and glutathione S-transferases), and transporters ( multidrug resistance proteins, multidrug resistance-associated proteins, and organic anion-transporting polypeptides). Although CAR and PXR were initially characterized as xenosensors, it is now evident that CAR and PXR also trigger pleiotropic effects on physiological or pathological functions. Recent studies have shown that the activation of CAR and PXR alters lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Therefore, in addition to regulating drug elimination pathways, they also play important roles in regulating metabolic pathways. As a result, these receptors may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases. However, the pathophysiological roles of CAR and PXR are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss the physiological and pathological roles of CAR and PXR in liver diseases. C1 [Kakizaki, Satoru; Yamazaki, Yuichi; Takizawa, Daichi] Gunma Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Sci, Gunma 3718511, Japan. [Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kakizaki, S (reprint author), Gunma Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Sci, 3-39-15 Showa Machi, Gunma 3718511, Japan. EM kakizaki@showa.gunma-u.ac.jp NR 119 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2002 J9 CURR DRUG METAB JI Curr. Drug Metab. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 9 IS 7 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.2174/138920008785821666 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 351TA UT WOS:000259447600005 PM 18781913 ER PT J AU El-Bizri, N Guignabert, C Wang, L Cheng, A Stankunas, K Chang, CP Mishina, Y Rabinovitch, M AF El-Bizri, Nesrine Guignabert, Christophe Wang, Lingli Cheng, Alexander Stankunas, Kryn Chang, Ching-Pin Mishina, Yuji Rabinovitch, Marlene TI SM22 alpha-targeted deletion of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in mice impairs cardiac and vascular development, and influences organogenesis SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Bmpr1a (Alk3); vasculogenesis; heart development; craniofacial development; matrix metalloproteinase (metallopeptidase); MMP2; MMP9; smooth muscle cell proliferation; pericyte apoptosis; SM22 alpha (transgelin, Tagln); mouse ID PRIMARY PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 EXPRESSION; ABDOMINAL AORTIC-ANEURYSMS; MUSCLE-CELL MIGRATION; RAT CAROTID-ARTERY; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION; KNOCKOUT MICE; MOUSE EMBRYOS; TGF-BETA AB Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A (BMPR1A) is attenuated in the lung vessels of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the functional impact of this abnormality is unknown. We ablated Bmpr1a in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by breeding mice possessing a loxP allele of Bmpr1a (Bmpr1a(flox)) expressing R26R with SM22 alpha-Cre mice. SM22 alpha-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1a(flox/flox) mice died soon after embryonic day 11 (E11) with massive vascular and pericardial hemorrhage and impaired brain development. At E10.5, SM22 alpha-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1a(flox/flox) embryos showed thinning of the myocardium associated with reduced cell proliferation. These embryos also had severe dilatation of the aorta and large vessels with impaired investment of SMCs that was also related to reduced proliferation. SM22 alpha-Cre;R26R;Bmpr1a(flox/flox) mice showed collapsed telencephalon in association with impaired clearing of brain microvessels in areas where reduced apoptosis was observed. Transcript and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 were reduced in E9.5 and E10.5 SM22 alpha-Cre; R26R;Bmpr1a(flox/flox) embryos, respectively. Knock-down of BMPR1A by RNA interference in human pulmonary artery SMCs reduced MMP2 and MMP9 activity, attenuated serum-induced proliferation, and impaired PDGF-BB-directed migration. RNA interference of MMP2 or MMP9 recapitulated these abnormalities, supporting a functional interaction between BMP signaling and MMP expression. In human brain microvascular pericytes, knock-down of BMPR1A reduced MMP2 activity and knock-down of either BMPR1A or MMP2 caused resistance to apoptosis. Thus, loss of Bmpr1a, by decreasing MMP2 and/or MMP9 activity, can account for vascular dilatation and persistence of brain microvessels, leading to the impaired organogenesis documented in the brain. C1 [El-Bizri, Nesrine; Guignabert, Christophe; Wang, Lingli; Cheng, Alexander; Rabinovitch, Marlene] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Cardiopulmonary Res Program, Vera Moulton Wall Ctr Pulm Vasc Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [El-Bizri, Nesrine; Guignabert, Christophe; Wang, Lingli; Cheng, Alexander; Rabinovitch, Marlene] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stankunas, Kryn; Chang, Ching-Pin] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mishina, Yuji] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Mol Dev Biol Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rabinovitch, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Cardiopulmonary Res Program, Vera Moulton Wall Ctr Pulm Vasc Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM marlener@stanford.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL085345, R01 HL074186, R01 HL074186-01A1, R01 HL074186-02, R01 HL074186-03, R01 HL074186-04, R01 HL074186-05, R01 HL085345, R01 HL087118, R01 HL087118-01A1] NR 61 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 135 IS 17 BP 2981 EP 2991 DI 10.1242/dev.017863 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 336WL UT WOS:000258395500016 PM 18667463 ER PT J AU Hill, R Leidal, AM Madureira, PA Gillis, LD Waisman, DM Chiu, A Lee, PWK AF Hill, Richard Leidal, Andrew M. Madureira, Patricia A. Gillis, Laura D. Waisman, David M. Chiu, Arthur Lee, Patrick W. K. TI Chromium-mediated apoptosis: Involvement of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and differential induction of p53 target genes SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE p53; p21; PUMA; DNA-PK; ATM; ATR; DNA damage ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; P53-MEDIATED G(1) ARREST; DAMAGE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CANCER-CELLS; LATENT POPULATION; CHECKPOINT; DEFICIENT; BINDING AB Cellular stress and DNA damage up-regulate and activate p53, fundamental for cell cycle control, senescence, DNA repair and apoptosis. The specific mechanism(s) that determine whether p53-dependent cell cycle arrest or p53-dependent apoptosis prevails in response to specific DNA damage are poorly understood. in this study, we investigated two types of DNA damage, chromium treatment and gamma irradiation (IR) that induced similar levels of p53, but that mediated two distinct p53-dependent cell fates. Chromium exposure induced a robust DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-mediated apoptotic response that was accompanied by the rapid loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p2l) protein, whereas IR treatment-induced cell cycle arrests that was supported by the rapid induction of p21. Inhibition of DNA-PK effectively blocked chromium-, but not IR-induced p53 stabilization and activation. In contrast, inhibition of ATM and ATR by caffeine had the inverse effect of blocking IR-, but not chromium -induced p53 stabilization and activation. Chromium exposure ablated p21 transcription but PUMA and Bax transcription was significantly enhanced compared to non-damaged cells. In contrast, IR treatment triggered significant p21 mRNA synthesis in addition to PUMA and Bax mRNA production. While chromium treatment enhanced the binding of p53 and RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to both the p21 and PUMA promoters, RNA Pol II elongation was only observed along the PUMA gene and not the p21 gene. in contrast, following IR treatment, RNA Pol II elongation was observed on both p21 and PUMA. Chromium-induced apoptosis therefore involves DNA-PK-mediated p53 activation followed by preferential transcription of pro-apoptotic PUMA over anti-apoptotic p21 genes. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Richard; Leidal, Andrew M.; Gillis, Laura D.; Lee, Patrick W. K.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol & Pathol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. [Madureira, Patricia A.; Waisman, David M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. [Chiu, Arthur] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lee, PWK (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol & Pathol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. EM Patrick.Lee@Dal.ca RI Madureira, Patricia/F-4656-2012; Hill, Richard/F-4875-2012; OI Madureira, Patricia/0000-0002-4856-3908; Hill, Richard/0000-0003-0394-6048; Waisman, David/0000-0002-5097-9662 FU National Cancer Institute of Canada; Canadian Cancer Society; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal FX This research is supported by the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Canadian Cancer Society. We would like to thank Dr. B. Vogelstein Oohn Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD) for kindly providing us with our panel of matched HCT116 cell lines (WT pS3-/-, p21-/-, PUMA-/-, and Bax-/-) and the p21 expression plasmid. Recipient of fellowship from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1484 EP 1499 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.05.007 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 347JK UT WOS:000259136300009 PM 18602874 ER PT J AU Johnson, RL Perez, KT Rocha, K Davey, EW Cardin, JA AF Johnson, R. L. Perez, K. T. Rocha, Kj. Davey, E. W. Cardin, J. A. TI Detecting benthic community differences: Influence of statistical index and season SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE benthic communities; Bray-Curtis index; Shannon index; species richness; estuary; season; reference systems ID VARIABILITY; URBANIZATION; ESTUARIES; BAY AB An accurate assessment of estuarine condition is critical to determining whether there has been a change from baseline or 'natural' conditions; benthic communities are routinely used as an ecological endpoint to make this assessment. We addressed two issues, which arise when attempting to detect differences between benthic communities. The first is the varying sensitivity of metrics, e.g. one metric may not be able to detect differences between two communities where another metric can. The second is the influence of season on the detection of differences between benthic communities from different estuarine systems. In this study, benthic communities taken from depositional sites were sampled in three seasons, at three sites within two relatively pristine estuaries located in southern Massachusetts, USA. Statistical comparisons of benthic community data from the two estuaries were made using three common metrics: species richness, Shannon diversity and Bray-Curtis similarity indices. Significant community differences were found depending upon the index. The Bray-Curtis index, using permutation testing, was the only metric that detected differences between estuaries despite disparate seasonal sampling. This suggests that researchers do not need to be overly constrained to sampling in the same season when testing for differences in benthic communities between estuaries. Additionally, we propose an analytical method to identify anthropogenically impacted estuarine systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, R. L.; Perez, K. T.; Rocha, Kj.; Davey, E. W.; Cardin, J. A.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Johnson, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Johnson.Roxannel@epa.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.08.003 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297OE UT WOS:000255625200016 ER PT J AU Kan, HD London, SJ Chen, GH Zhang, YH Song, GX Zhao, NQ Jiang, LL Chen, BH AF Kan, Haidong London, Stephanie J. Chen, Guohai Zhang, Yunhui Song, Guixiang Zhao, Naiqing Jiang, Lili Chen, Bingheng TI Season, sex, age, and education as modifiers of the effects of outdoor air pollution on daily mortality in Shanghai, China: The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; modifiers; mortality; time-series studies ID CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL MORBIDITY; EXPOLIS-HELSINKI; EUROPEAN CITIES; WESTERN-EUROPE; APHEA PROJECT; US CITIES AB BACKGROUND: Various factors can modify the health effects of outdoor air pollution. Prior findings about modifiers are inconsistent, and most of these studies were conducted in developed countries. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a time-series analysis to examine the modifying effect of season, sex, age, and education on the association between outdoor air pollutants [particulate matter < 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone] and daily mortality in Shanghai, China, using 4 years of daily data (2001-2004). METHODS: Using a natural spline model to analyze the data, we examined effects of air pollution for the warm season (April-September) and cool season (October-March) separately. For total mortality, we examined the association stratified by sex and age. Stratified analysis by educational attainment was conducted for total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. RESULTS: Outdoor air pollution was associated with mortality from all causes and from cardiorespiratory diseases in Shanghai. An increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in a 2-day average concentration of PM10, SO2, NO2, and O-3 corresponds to increases in all-cause mortality of 0.25% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.37), 0.95% (95% CI, 0.62-1.28), 0.97% (95% CI, 0.66-1.27), and 0.31% (95% CI, 0.04-0.58), respectively. The effects of air pollutants were more evident in the cool season than in the warm season, and females and the elderly were more vulnerable to outdoor air pollution. Effects of air pollution were generally greater in residents with low educational attainment (illiterate or primary school) compared with those with high educational attainment (middle school or above). CONCLUSIONS: Season, sex, age, and education may modify the health effects of outdoor air pollution in Shanghai. These findings provide new information about the effects of modifiers on the relationship between daily mortality and air pollution in developing countries mid may have implications for local environmental and social policies. C1 [Kan, Haidong; Zhang, Yunhui; Chen, Bingheng] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. [Kan, Haidong; London, Stephanie J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chen, Guohai] Shanghai Environm Monitoring Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Song, Guixiang; Jiang, Lili] Shanghai Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Naiqing] Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Stat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Kan, HD (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. EM haidongkan@gmail.com OI London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 52 TC 177 Z9 205 U1 11 U2 63 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 116 IS 9 BP 1183 EP 1188 DI 10.1289/ehp.10851 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 345TP UT WOS:000259020100032 PM 18795161 ER PT J AU Wong, CM Vichit-Vadakan, N Kan, HD Qian, ZM AF Wong, Chit-Ming Vichit-Vadakan, Nuntavarn Kan, Haidong Qian, Zhengmin CA PAPA Project Teams TI Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA): A multicity study of short-term effects of air pollution on mortality SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; Bangkok; Hong Kong; mortality; Shanghai; time-series analysis; Wuhan ID PARTICULATE MATTER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; APHEA PROJECT; TIME-SERIES; EXPOSURE; BANGKOK; CITIES; ASSOCIATIONS; POLLUTANTS; THAILAND AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although the deleterious effects of air pollution from fossil fuel combustion have been demonstrated in many Western nations, fewer studies have been conducted in Asia. The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) project assessed the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on daily mortality in Bangkok, Thailand, and in three cities in China: Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Wuhan. METHODS: Poisson regression models incorporating natural spline smoothing functions were used to adjust for seasonality and other time-varying covariates that might confound the association between air pollution and mortality. Effect estimates were determined for each city and then for the cities combined using a random effects method. RESULTS: In individual cities, associations were detected between most of the pollutants [nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and ozone] and most health outcomes under study (i.e., all natural-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality). The city-combined effects of the four pollutants tended to be equal or greater than those identified in studies conducted in Western industrial nations. In addition, residents of Asian cities are likely to have higher exposures to air pollution than those in Western industrial nations because they spend more time outdoors and less time in air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Although the social and environmental conditions may be quite different, it is reasonable to apply estimates derived from previous health effect of air pollution studies in the West to Asia. C1 [Wong, Chit-Ming] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Vichit-Vadakan, Nuntavarn] Thammasat Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Kan, Haidong] Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Kan, Haidong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Qian, Zhengmin] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Qian, Zhengmin] Geisinger Ctr Hlth Res, Danville, PA USA. RP Wong, CM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Sch Publ Hlth, 5-F William MW Mong Block,21 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM hrmrwcm@hkucc.hku.hk RI Wong, Chit Ming/C-4438-2009; OI Thomas, Graham Neil/0000-0002-2777-1847; London, Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290 NR 28 TC 171 Z9 192 U1 7 U2 78 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 116 IS 9 BP 1195 EP 1202 DI 10.1289/ehp.11257 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 345TP UT WOS:000259020100034 PM 18795163 ER PT J AU Colon, D Weber, EJ Anderson, JL AF Colon, Dalizza Weber, Eric J. Anderson, James L. TI Effect of natural organic matter on the reduction of nitroaromatics by Fe(II) species SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; HUMIC ACIDS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FULVIC-ACIDS; FERRIC-OXIDE; IRON-OXIDE; SOLUBILITY; REACTIVITY; STANDARD; KINETICS AB Uncertainty still exists regarding the role(s) of natural organic matter in the reduction of chemicals in anoxic environments. This work studied the effect of Suwannee river humic acid (SRHA) on the reduction of nitrobenzenes in goethite suspensions by Fe(II) species. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the reduction of p-cyanonitrobenzene (k(CNNB)) was different for the first 3 half-lives in systems where Fe(II)(aq) and dissolved SRHA were equilibrated in reverse orders with goethite in suspensions. kCNNB and the reduction capacity of the system having SRHA added after Fe(II)(aq) was equilibrated with goethite was lower than that of the system for which the components were added in the reverse order. SRHA decreased the reduction capacity of the former system by oxidizing and/or complexing the surface-associated Fe(II), Fe(II)(surf), and/or hindering the access of CNNB to Fe(II)(surf). The log kCNNB increased linearly with increasing concentrations of Fe(II)(aq), which decreased as a result of increasing concentrations of SRHA in the system. Different k(CNNB)'S were observed for systems in which Fe(II)(aq) was equilibrated with goethite/SRHA suspensions for 24 and 48 h, suggesting sorbed SRHA oxidized and/or complexed Fe(II)(aq). Findings suggest the concentration of Fe(II)(aq) and accessible Fe(II)surf will influence the reduction rates of nitroaromatics in anoxic environments. C1 [Colon, Dalizza; Weber, Eric J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Anderson, James L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Colon, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM colon.dalizza@epa.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6538 EP 6543 DI 10.1021/es8004249 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300039 PM 18800527 ER PT J AU He, YT Wilson, JT Wilkin, RT AF He, Y. Thomas Wilson, John T. Wilkin, Richard T. TI Transformation of reactive iron minerals in a permeable reactive barrier (biowall) used to treat TCE in groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEARING SOIL MINERALS; SOLID-PHASE IRON; AIR-FORCE-BASE; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; PYRITE FORMATION; CHLORINATED ETHYLENES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; SEDIMENTARY PYRITE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; H2S OXIDATION AB Iron and sulfur reducing conditions generally develop in permeable reactive barrier systems (PRB) constructed to treat contaminated groundwater. These conditions allow formation of FeS mineral phases. FeS readily degrades TCE, but a transformation of FeS to FeS2 could dramatically slow the rate of TCE degradation in the PRB. This study uses acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and chromium reducible sulfur (CRS) as probes for FeS and FeS2 to investigate iron sulfide formation and transformation in a column study and PRB field study dealing with TCE degradation. Solid phase iron speciation shows that most of the iron is reduced and sulfur partitioning measurements show that AVS and CRS coexist in all samples, with the conversion of AVS to CRS being most significant in locations with potential oxidants available. In the column study, 54% of FeS was transformed to FeS2 after 2.4 years. In the field scale PRB, 43% was transformed after 5.2 years. Microscopy reveals FeS, Fe3S4 and FeS2 formation in the column system; however,only pyrite formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The polysulfide pathway is most likely the primary mechanism of FeS transformation in the system, with S-0 as an intermediate species formed through H2S oxidation. C1 [He, Y. Thomas; Wilson, John T.; Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM he.yongtian@epa.gov NR 31 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6690 EP 6696 DI 10.1021/es8010354 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300062 PM 18800550 ER PT J AU Shastri, Y Diwekar, U Cabezas, H Williamson, J AF Shastri, Yogendra Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto Williamson, James TI Is sustainability achievable? Exploring the limits of sustainability with model systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; POPULATION AB Successful implementation of sustainability ideas in ecosystem management requires a basic understanding of the often nonlinear and nonintuitive relationships among different dimensions of sustainability, particularly the system-wide implications of human actions. This basic understanding further includes a sense of the time scale of possible future events and the limits of what is and is not likely to be possible. With this understanding, systematic approaches can then be used to develop policy guidelines for the system. This article presents an illustration of these ideas by analyzing an integrated ecological-economic-social model, which comprises various ecological (natural) and domesticated compartments representing species along with a macroeconomic price setting model. The stable and qualitatively realistic model is used to analyze different relevant scenarios. Apart from highlighting complex relationships within the system, it identifies potentially unsustainable future developments such as increased human per capita consumption rates. Dynamic optimization is then used to develop time-de pendent policy guidelines for the unsustainable scenarios using objective functions that aim to minimize fluctuations in the system's Fisher information. The results can help to identify effective policy parameters and highlight the tradeoff between natural and domesticated compartments while managing such integrated systems. The results should also qualitatively guide further investigations in the area of system level studies and policy development. C1 [Shastri, Yogendra; Diwekar, Urmila] CUSTOM, Vishwamitra Res Inst, Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 USA. [Cabezas, Heriberto; Williamson, James] US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Diwekar, U (reprint author), CUSTOM, Vishwamitra Res Inst, 368 56th St, Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 USA. EM urmila@vri-custom.org FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development; National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) Sustainable Technology Division [EP05C000413]; Norma Lewis FX This work is funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) Sustainable Technology Division under the contract EP05C000413. We acknowledge the support of Norma Lewis as contracting officer representative for the contract under which this work was performed. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6710 EP 6716 DI 10.1021/es800661x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300065 PM 18800553 ER PT J AU Staskal, DF Scott, LLF Haws, LC Luksemburg, WJ Birnbaum, LS Urban, JD Williams, ES Paustenbach, DJ Harris, MA AF Staskal, Daniele F. Scott, Laura L. F. Haws, Laurie C. Luksemburg, William J. Birnbaum, Linda S. Urban, Jon D. Williams, E. Spencer Paustenbach, Dennis J. Harris, Mark A. TI Assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and health risks associated with consumption of southern Mississippi catfish SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; MARKET-BASKET; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIETARY-INTAKE; SALMO-SALAR; FISH; ENVIRONMENT; PBDES; FOOD; CONTAMINATION AB Despite the growing public interest in polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), there are relatively few studies in the published literature which characterize and quantify human intake of these compounds. In this study, PBDE concentrations were measured in southern Mississippi catfish to determine background levels, daily intake, and risk associated with the consumption of these chemicals from a primary food source for residents in this region of the United States. A total of 33 wild catfish samples were collected from five sites, and 28 farm-raised catfish samples were purchased, all of which were from locations in southern Mississippi, All samples were analyzed for 43 PBDEs (mono- through deca-congeners) using high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both PBDE concentrations (Sigma PBDE ranged from 0.3 to 23.3 ng/g wet weight) and congener profiles varied by fish type and location; however, BDE congeners 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 were the dominant contributors in all samples. The estimated daily intake of PBDEs associated with consumption of the catfish ranged from 0.03 to 1.80 ng/kg-day. Evaluation of the cancer risk for BDE 209 and the noncancer hazard for BDE congeners 47, 99, 153, and 209 indicated that health risks/hazards due to fish consumption in adults are substantially lower than risk levels generally considered to be at the U.S. EPA minimum concern level. C1 [Staskal, Daniele F.; Haws, Laurie C.; Urban, Jon D.] ChemRisk, Austin, TX USA. [Scott, Laura L. F.; Williams, E. Spencer] ChemRisk, Houston, TX USA. [Luksemburg, William J.] Vista Analyt Lab, El Dorado Hills, CA USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Paustenbach, Dennis J.] ChemRisk, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Staskal, DF (reprint author), ChemRisk, Austin, TX USA. EM dstaskal@toxstrategies.com OI harris, mark/0000-0002-9007-1587 FU ChemRisk, Inc; Vista Analytical Laboratory FX We would like to thank the local fishermen and women of southern Mississippi for their efforts in helping us obtain catfish for this study. Thanks are also given to Ken Unice for his help with data quality verification. Funding was provided by ChemRisk, Inc. and Vista Analytical Laboratory. The contents of this paper reflect the opinions and view of the authors and do not represent the official views of the U.S. EPA. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6755 EP 6761 DI 10.1021/es800613k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300072 PM 18800560 ER PT J AU Tinkle, SS AF Tinkle, Sally S. TI Nanotechnology: Collaborative opportunities for ecotoxicology and environmental health SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Durham, NC USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Durham, NC USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1823 EP 1824 DI 10.1897/08-266.1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 335WT UT WOS:000258325000001 PM 19086312 ER PT J AU Canas, JE Long, MQ Nations, S Vadan, R Dai, L Luo, MX Ambikapathi, R Lee, EH Olszyk, D AF Canas, Jaclyn E. Long, Monique Nations, Shawna Vadan, Rodica Dai, Lenore Luo, Mingxiang Ambikapathi, Ramya Lee, E. Henry Olszyk, David TI Effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of select crop species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; manufactured nanomaterials; phytotoxicity; root elongation ID TOXICITY; FULLERENE; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; NANOPARTICLES; PHYTOTOXICITY; WATER; C-60 AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes have many potential beneficial uses, with additional applications constantly being investigated. Their unique properties, however, create a potential concern regarding toxicity, not only in humans and animals but also in plants. To help develop protocols to determine the effects of nanotubes on plants, we conducted a pilot study on the effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of six crop species (cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, onion, and tomato) routinely used in phytotoxicity testing. Nanotubes were functionalized with poly-3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Root growth was measured at 0, 24, and 48 h following exposure. Scanning-electron microscopy was used to evaluate potential uptake of carbon nanotubes and to observe the interaction of nanotubes with the root surface. In general, nonfunctionalized carbon nanotubes affected root length more than functionalized nanotubes. Nonfunctionalized nanotubes inhibited root elongation in tomato and enhanced root elongation in onion and cucumber. Functionalized nanotubes inhibited root elongation in lettuce. Cabbage and carrots were not affected by either form of nanotubes. Effects observed following exposure to carbon nanotubes tended to be more pronounced at 24 h than at 48 h. Microscopy images showed the presence of nanotube sheets on the root surfaces, but no visible uptake of nanotubes was observed. C1 [Dai, Lenore; Luo, Mingxiang] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lee, E. Henry; Olszyk, David] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jaclyn.canas@tiehh.ttu.edu NR 20 TC 121 Z9 130 U1 13 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1922 EP 1931 DI 10.1897/08-117.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 335WT UT WOS:000258325000012 PM 19086209 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CS Mendola, P Savitz, DA Herring, AH Loomis, D Hartmann, KE Singer, PC Weinberg, HS Olshan, AF AF Hoffman, Caroline S. Mendola, Pauline Savitz, David A. Herring, Amy H. Loomis, Dana Hartmann, Katherine E. Singer, Philip C. Weinberg, Howard S. Olshan, Andrew F. TI Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure and fetal growth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINANTS; ASSOCIATION; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; CHLOROFORM AB Previous studies suggest that elevated exposure 10 drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs)-in particular, total trihalomethanes (TTHMs-may lead to fetal growth restriction. We examined the effects of exposure to TTHMs, haloacetic acids, and total organic halide oil the probability of delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant and on birth weight al term. Methods: Women early fit pregnancy (: 12 weeks' gestation) or planning a pregnancy were enrolled in a prospective pregnancy study conducted in 3 US communities from 2000 through 2004. Weekly (or biweekly) water samples were collected at each site as well as individual-level participant data. Associations between DBP exposures (T-THMs, halolacetic acids. total organic halide) and fetal growth Were assessed Using log-binomial regression for SGA (it 1958) and linear regression For term birth weight (it - 1854). We conducted I Bayesian analysis to examine associations between individual DBP species and fetal growth. Results: Haloacetic acids and total organic halide were not associated with SGA or term birth weight. The probability of delivering an SGA infant was elevated when comparing women with an average third-trimester residential TTHM concentration >= 80 mu g/L to women with exposure <80 mu g/L (risk ratio = 2.0 [95% confidence interval 1.1-3.6]), but not when examining other exposure contrasts. Bayesian analyses did not support l Consistent association,growth although these analyses between any DBP species and fetal g were based oil small sample sizes. Conclusions: Our results do not suggest an adverse effect of haloacetic acid or total organic halide exposure oil fetal growth. All association ol'TTI-INI with SGA was seen only for average r sid tial concentrations above the current( extraordinary standard. C1 [Hoffman, Caroline S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mendola, Pauline] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Savitz, David A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Preventat Med, New York, NY USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Loomis, Dana] Univ Nevada, Sch Publ Hlth, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Singer, Philip C.; Weinberg, Howard S.; Olshan, Andrew F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hoffman, CS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233,MD EC-21, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dilworthch@niehs.nih.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32-ES07018]; PHS HHS [P30E510126] NR 41 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181812bd4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 341KB UT WOS:000258712000014 PM 18633330 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CS Mendola, P Savitz, DA Herring, AH Loomis, D Hartmann, KE Singer, PC Weinberg, HS Olshan, AF AF Hoffman, Caroline S. Mendola, Pauline Savitz, David A. Herring, Amy H. Loomis, Dana Hartmann, Katherine E. Singer, Philip C. Weinberg, Howard S. Olshan, Andrew F. TI Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure and duration of gestation SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; TRIHALOMETHANE LEVELS; BIRTH OUTCOMES; BLADDER-CANCER; PRETERM BIRTH; ASSOCIATION; RISK; CONTAMINANTS; CONSUMPTION; CHLOROFORM AB Background: Recent studies Suggest elevated exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) may be associated with decreased risk of preterm birth. We examined this association for exposure to total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), 5 haloacetic acids (HAA5), and total organic halides. Methods: Analysis included 2039 women in a prospective pregnancy study conducted from 2000 through 2004 in 3 Study sites. Water samples were collected and analyzed for DBP concentrations. Participant data were collected through interviews, an early ultrasound, and birth records. We assessed the associations between DBPs and preterm birth (<37-weeks' gestation) using log-binomlial regression. Discrete-time hazard analysis was used to model the conditional odds of delivery each week in relation to DBP exposure. Results: Average second trimester DBP levels were associated with lower risk of preterm birth. Adjusted risk ratios for TTHM levels of 33.1-55.0, 55.1-66,3.66.4-74.8, and 74.9-108.8 /ig/L versus 2.24.6 mu g/L were 0.8 (95% confidence intervals = 0.5-1.3), 0.9 (0.6-1.4). 0.7 (0.4-1.1), and 0.5 (0.3-0.9), respectively. Risk ratios for HAA5 levels of 17.9-22.0, 22.1-31.5, 31.6-40.4, and 40.5-52.8 mu g/L versus 0-0.9 mu g/L were 1.1 (0.8-1.7), 0.8 (0.5-1.2), 0.5 (0.3-0.8). and 0.7 (0.4-1.1), respectively. The conditional odds of delivery each week were decreased for the highest TTHM and HAA5 exposure groups versus the low exposure group for gestational weeks 31-40. Conclusions: The probability of preterm, birth was not increased with high DBP exposure. C1 [Hoffman, Caroline S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27709 USA. [Mendola, Pauline] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Savitz, David A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Preventat Med, New York, NY USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27709 USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27709 USA. [Loomis, Dana] Univ Nevada, Sch Publ Hlth, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hartmann, Katherine E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Med & Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Singer, Philip C.; Weinberg, Howard S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27709 USA. RP Hoffman, CS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233,MD EC-21, Chapel Hill, NC 27709 USA. EM dilworthch@niehs.nih.gov OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32-ES07018]; PHS HHS [P30E510126] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181812beb PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 341KB UT WOS:000258712000015 PM 18633329 ER PT J AU Leibowitz, SG Wigington, PJ Rains, MC Downing, DM AF Leibowitz, Scott G. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Rains, Mark C. Downing, Donna M. TI Non-navigable streams and adjacent wetlands: addressing science needs following the Supreme Court's Rapanos decision SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID HEADWATER STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; DYNAMICS; SALMON; ECOSYSTEMS; EXPANSION; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE AB In June of 2006, the US Supreme Court ruled in two cases concerning jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act (CWA). The decisions suggest that hydrological permanence of non-navigable streams and adjacent wetlands (NNSAWs) and their effects on the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of navigable waters ("significant nexus") are relevant in determining CWA jurisdiction. This has increased the need for scientific information to support regulatory determinations and to inform future policies, rule making, and legislation. Here, we propose an approach for addressing these science needs. We define a metric - maximum duration of continuous flow - to assess hydrological permanence. We also define two metrics to evaluate significant nexus: proportion of total benefit to the navigable water contributed by an NNSAW class, and proportion of time that a navigable water receives benefit from an NNSAW. These metrics could be useful in implementing the Court's new legal standards. C1 [Leibowitz, Scott G.; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environ Mental Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Rains, Mark C.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Downing, Donna M.] US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Wetlands Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Leibowitz, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environ Mental Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM leibowitz.scott@epa.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 IS 7 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1890/070068 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 349UE UT WOS:000259308000018 ER PT J AU Mackwan, RR Carver, GT Kissling, GE Drake, JW Grogan, DW AF Mackwan, Reena R. Carver, Geraldine T. Kissling, Grace E. Drake, John W. Grogan, Dennis W. TI The rate and character of spontaneous mutation in Thermus thermophilus SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARCHAEON SULFOLOBUS-ACIDOCALDARIUS; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; EXTREME THERMOPHILE; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; FRAMESHIFT MUTATION; POLYMERASES; REPAIR; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Selection of spontaneous, loss-of-function mutations at two chromosomal loci (pyrF and pyrE) enabled the first molecular-level of replication fidelity in the extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus. Two different methods yielded similar mutation rates, mutational spectra determined by sequencing of independent mutants revealed a variety of replication errors distributed throughout the target genes. The genomic mutation rate estimated from these targets, 0.00097 +/- 0.00052 per replication, was lower than corresponding estimates from mesophilic microorganisms, primarily because of a low rate of base substitution.. However, both the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations T. thermophilus resembled those of the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, despite important molecular differences between these two thermophiles mid their genomes. C1 [Mackwan, Reena R.; Grogan, Dennis W.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Carver, Geraldine T.; Drake, John W.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Genet Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kissling, Grace E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Grogan, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, 614 Rieveschl Hall ML 0006,Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM grogandw@email.uc.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB 9733103, MCB 0543910]; National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX We thank Marilyn Diaz and Tom Kunkel for critical readings of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants MCB 9733103 and MCB 0543910 to D.W.G. and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 180 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.089086 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 356DI UT WOS:000259758500003 PM 18723895 ER PT J AU Zaykin, DV Pudovkin, A Weir, BS AF Zaykin, Dmitri V. Pudovkin, Alexander Weir, Bruce S. TI Correlation-based inference for linkage disequilibrium with multiple alleles SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; RANDOMLY MATING POPULATIONS; GAMETIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; TESTS; LOCI; ASSOCIATION; FREQUENCIES; STATISTICS; PREDICTORS; PATTERNS AB The correlation between alleles at a pair of genetic loci is a measure of linkage disequilibrium. The square of the sample correlation multiplied by sample size provides the usual test statistic for the hypothesis of no disequilibrium for loci with two alleles and this relation has proved useful for study design and marker selection. Nevertheless, this relation holds only in a diallelic case, and an extension to multiple alleles has not been made. Here we introduce a similar statistic, R-z, which leads to correlaiton -based test for loci with multiple alleles: for a pair of loci with k and m alleles, and a sample of n individuals, the approximate distribution of n(k-1) (m-1)/(km)R-2 under independence between loci is chi(2)((k-1)(m-1)). One advantage of this statistic is that is can be interpreted as the total correlation between a pair of loci. When the phase of two-locus genotypes is know, the approach is equivalent to a test for the overall correlation between rows and columns in a contingency table. In the phase-known case, R-2 is strong competitor to approaches such as Pearson's chi square, Fisher's exact test, and a test based on Cressie and Read's power divergence statistic. We combine this approach with our previous composite-disequilibrium measures to address the case when the genotypic phase is unknown. Calculation os the new multiallele test statistic and its P-value is very simple and utilizes the approximate distribution of R-2. We provide a computer program that evaluates approximate as well as "exact" permutational P-values. C1 [Zaykin, Dmitri V.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pudovkin, Alexander] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Biol, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Weir, Bruce S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zaykin, DV (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, MD A3-03,South Bldg 101-B356B,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zaykind@niehs.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM 07591]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and by NIH GM 07591. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 180 IS 1 BP 533 EP 545 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.089409 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 356DI UT WOS:000259758500043 PM 18757931 ER PT J AU Bayer, MR Kobelski, B AF Bayer, Mary Rose Kobelski, Bruce TI Underground Injection Control Program: Proposed Regulations for Underground Injection of Carbon Dioxide for Geologic Sequestration SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Bayer, Mary Rose; Kobelski, Bruce] US Environm Protect Agcy 4606M, Prevent Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Bayer, MR (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy 4606M, Prevent Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.00219.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 379LB UT WOS:000261396600003 ER PT J AU Minamyer, S AF Minamyer, Scott TI Effective crisis communication during - Water security emergencies SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Minamyer, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM minamyer.scott@epa.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 100 IS 9 BP 180 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 352QM UT WOS:000259512200021 ER PT J AU Larsen, DP Olsen, AR Stevens, DL AF Larsen, David P. Olsen, Anthony R. Stevens, Donald L., Jr. TI Using a master sample to integrate stream monitoring programs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE stream surveys; survey designs ID SURVEY DESIGNS; RESOURCES AB The need for aquatic resource condition surveys at scales that are too extensive to census has increased in recent years. Statistically designed sample surveys are intended to meet this need. Simple or stratified random sampling or systematic survey designs are often used to obtain a representative set of sites for data collection. However, such designs have limitations when applied to spatially distributed natural resources, like stream networks. Stevens and Olsen proposed a design that overcomes the key limitations of simple, stratified random or systematic designs by selecting a spatially balanced sample. The outcome of a spatially balanced sample is all ordered list of sampling locations with spatial distribution that balances the advantages of simple or stratified random samples or systematic samples. This approach can be used to select a sample of sites for particular studies to meet specific objectives. This approach can also be used to select a 'master sample" from which Stibsamples can be drawn for particular needs. At the same time, these individual samples can be incorporated into a broader design that facilitates integrated monitoring and data sharing. C1 [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Olsen, Anthony R.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Stevens, Donald L., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Larsen, DP (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Larsen.phil@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA Cooperative [CR 831682-01]; Oregon Stale University FX Steve Lanigan reviewed the article and served as ail excellent sounding board as the master sample concept evolved; SLIC Pierson provided graphics assistance. Suggestions and comments by the reviewers led to sigificant improvements in the article. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. D.L. Stevens, Jr. was supported under USEPA Cooperative agreement CR 831682-01 to Oregon Stale University. The article has been Subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nordoes mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1198/108571108X336593 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 343HC UT WOS:000258843100001 ER PT J AU Stork, LG Gennings, C Carter, WH Teuschler, LK Carney, EW AF Stork, LeAnna G. Gennings, Chris Carter, Walter H., Jr. Teuschler, Linda K. Carney, Edward W. TI Empirical evaluation of sufficient similarity in dose-response for environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE equivalence testing; mixed models; nonlinear models; random coefficient ID RAY DESIGN; MODELS; THRESHOLD; TRIALS AB When toxicity data are not available for a chemical mixture of concern, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines allow risk assessment to be based on data for a surrogate mixture considered "sufficiently similar" in terms of chemical composition and component proportions. As a Supplementary approach, using statistical equivalence testing logic and mixed model theory we have developed methodology to define sufficient similarity in dose-response for mixtures of many chemicals containing the same components with different ratios. Dose-response data from a mixture of 11 xenoestrogens and the endogenous hormone, 17 beta-estradiol are used 10 illustrate the method. C1 [Stork, LeAnna G.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. [Gennings, Chris; Carter, Walter H., Jr.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA. [Teuschler, Linda K.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Carney, Edward W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Dev Reprod & Gen Toxicol, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Stork, LG (reprint author), Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. EM leanna.g.stork@monsanto.com FU National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health (NIEHS, NIH) [T32 ES007334] FX The research presented in this article has been funded in part by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIEHS, NIH) training grant #T32 ES007334. This research was performed as part of L. G. Stork's Ph.D. dissertation research while at VCU. We thank the referees for their helpful comments. This research and data are not associated with Monsanto Company. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 313 EP 333 DI 10.1198/108571108X336304 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 343HC UT WOS:000258843100005 ER PT J AU Shea, KM Truckner, RT Weber, RW Peden, DB AF Shea, Katherine M. Truckner, Robert T. Weber, Richard W. Peden, David B. TI Climate change and allergic disease SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE climate change; global warming; pollen; air pollution; ozone; allergic rhinitis; asthma; mitigation; adaptation; prevention ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; MEXICO-CITY; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; OZONE EXPOSURE; AMBIENT OZONE AB Climate change is potentially the largest global threat to human health ever encountered. The earth is warming, the warming is accelerating, and human actions are largely responsible. If current emissions and land use trends continue unchecked, the next generations will face more injury, disease, and death related to natural disasters and heat waves, higher rates of climate-related infections, and wide-spread malnutrition, as well as more allergic and air pollution-related morbidity and mortality. This review highlights links between global climate change and anticipated increases in prevalence and severity of asthma and related allergic disease mediated through worsening ambient air pollution and altered local and regional pollen production. The pattern of change will vary regionally depending on latitude, altitude, rainfall and storms, land-use patterns, urbanization, transportation, and energy production. The magnitude of climate change and related increases in allergic disease will be affected by how aggressively greenhouse gas mitigation strategies are pursued, but at best an average warming of I to 2 degrees C is certain this century. Thus, anticipation of a higher allergic disease burden will affect clinical practice as well as public health planning. A number of practical primary and secondary prevention strategies are suggested at the end of the review to assist in meeting this unprecedented public health challenge. C1 [Shea, Katherine M.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mat & Child Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Peden, David B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Truckner, Robert T.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, NHEERL Human Res Protocol Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Weber, Richard W.] Univ Colorado, Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shea, KM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mat & Child Health, 111 Miller Hall,Campus Box 1105, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kshea@email.unc.edu RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 120 TC 132 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 63 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.032 PG 11 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 348TW UT WOS:000259234000001 PM 18774380 ER PT J AU Sawyer, K Samet, JM Ghio, AJ Pleil, JD Madden, MC AF Sawyer, K. Samet, J. M. Ghio, A. J. Pleil, J. D. Madden, M. C. TI Responses measured in the exhaled breath of human volunteers acutely exposed to ozone and diesel exhaust SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Exhaled breath collection is used to identify and monitor inflammatory or oxidative components in breath. Exhaled breath sample collection is noninvasive and would greatly benefit human pollutant exposure research. We demonstrate the efficacy of exhaled breath collection and analysis in two human exposure studies to ozone (O(3)) and diesel exhaust, respectively. O(3) study: we collected exhaled breath (gas phase) from healthy human volunteers (age 18-35 years, 12 subjects) immediately before and after exposure to filtered air or 0.4 ppm O(3) for 2 h with and without intermittent exercise. Six subjects received antioxidant supplementation for 2 weeks before their O(3) exposure, while the remaining six subjects received placebo treatments. We demonstrate increased amounts of non-polar carbonyls exhaled immediately post O(3) exposure. The O(3)-induced increase in exhaled carbonyl concentrations was attenuated in the group receiving antioxidants. Our data demonstrate that exhaled exposure biomarkers can be measured in the breath gas phase in humans exposed to O(3). Diesel study: we collected exhaled breath condensate (EBC; liquid phase) from healthy human volunteers (age 18-40 years; 10 subjects) immediately before, immediately after and 20 h post filtered air or diesel exhaust (106 +/- 9 mu g m(-3)) exposure. Clean air and diesel exposures were separated by 3 weeks to 6 months. We obtained reproducible intra-subject EBC volumes and total protein concentrations across our six collection time points. Diesel exposure did not affect either EBC volume or total protein concentrations. Our data demonstrated EBC volume and total protein reproducibility over several months. Volume and total protein concentration may serve as normalizing factors for other EBC constituents. C1 [Sawyer, K.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Samet, J. M.; Ghio, A. J.; Madden, M. C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pleil, J. D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Sawyer, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM madden.michael@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 FU NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research [EPA CT826513] FX The research described was supported in part by NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research, EPA CT826513. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 AR 037019 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/2/3/037019 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA V13WD UT WOS:000207696000021 PM 21386180 ER PT J AU Vane, LM Alvarez, FR AF Vane, Leland M. Alvarez, Franklin R. TI Membrane-assisted vapor stripping: energy efficient hybrid distillation-vapor permeation process for alcohol-water separation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; fermentation; biofuel; vapor permeation; dehydration ID ACETONE-BUTANOL ETHANOL; DRY-GRIND PROCESS; CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION; FUEL ETHANOL; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; PRODUCT INHIBITION; ABE FERMENTATION; RECOVERY; PERVAPORATION; DEHYDRATION AB BACKGROUND: Energy efficient alternatives to distillation for alcohol recovery from dilute solution are needed to improve biofuel sustainability. A process integrating steam stripping with a vapor compression step and a vapor permeation membrane separation step is proposed. The objective of this work is to estimate the energy and process costs required to make a fuel grade ethanol (0.5 wt% water) from 1 and 5 wt% ethanol aqueous streams using the proposed process. RESULTS: Using process simulation and spreadsheeting software, the proposed membrane-assisted vapor stripping process was estimated to require as little as 8.9MJ of fuel-equivalent energy per kg of fuel grade ethanol recovered from a 1 wt% ethanol feed stream, 2.5 MJ kg(-1) for a 5 wt% ethanol solution. This represents an energy saving of at least 43% relative to standard distillation producing azeotropic ethanol (6 wt% water). Process costs were also found to be lower than for distillation at the 3.0 x 10(6) kg-ethanol year(-1) scale modeled. CONCLUSION: In this hybrid system, the stripping column provides high ethanol recoveries and low effluent concentrations while the vapor compression-membrane component enables the efficient recovery of latent and sensible heat from both the retentate and permeate streams from the membrane system. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vane, Leland M.; Alvarez, Franklin R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vane.leland@epa.gov NR 42 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1275 EP 1287 DI 10.1002/jctb.1941 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 340FY UT WOS:000258632700014 ER PT J AU Luxton, TP Eick, MJ Scheckel, KG AF Luxton, Todd P. Eick, Matthew J. Scheckel, Kirk G. TI Arsenate adsorption on ruthenium oxides: A spectroscopic and kinetic investigation SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; arsenic; ruthenium oxide; EXAFS; pressure-jump relaxation ID CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE-JUMP RELAXATION; ARSENIC(III) OXIDATION; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; FINE-STRUCTURE; IRON-OXIDES; GOETHITE; CHEMISTRY AB Arsenate adsorption on amorphous (RuO(2)center dot 1.1H(2)O) and crystalline (RuO(2)) ruthenium oxides was evaluated using spectroscopic and kinetic methods to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) was used to determine the local coordination environment of adsorbed arsenate. Additionally, pressure-jump (P-jump) relaxation spectroscopy was used to investigate the kinetics of arsenate adsorption/desorption on ruthenium oxides. Chemical relaxations resulting from the induced pressure change were monitored via electrical conductivity detection. EXAFS data were collected for two initial arsenate solution concentrations, 3 and 33 mM at pH 5. The collected spectra indicated a similar coordination environment for arsenate adsorbed to RuO(2) center dot 1.1H(2)O for both arsenate concentrations. In contrast the EXAFS spectra of RuO(2) indicated differences in the local coordination environments for the crystalline material with increasing arsenate concentration. Data analysis indicated that both mono- and bidentate surfaces complexes were present on both RuO(2) center dot 1.1H(2)O and RuO(2). Relaxation spectra from the pressure-jump experiments of both ruthenium oxides resulted in a double relaxation event. Based on the relaxation spectra, a two step reaction mechanism for arsenate adsorption is proposed resulting in the formation of a bidentate surface complex. Analysis of the kinetic and spectroscopic data suggested that while there were two relaxation events, arsenate adsorbed to ruthenium oxide surfaces through both mono- and bidentate surface complexes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Luxton, Todd P.; Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Eick, Matthew J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Luxton, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM Iuxton.todd@epa.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here in a collaborative effort via contract with Virginia Tech University. It has not been subject to Agency review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official product endorsement should be inferred. MR-CAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MR-CAT member institutions. PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also Supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 325 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.022 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 342NW UT WOS:000258791800003 PM 18538337 ER PT J AU Mena, KD Mota, LC Meckes, MC Green, CF Hurd, WW Gibbs, SG AF Mena, Kristina D. Mota, Linda C. Meckes, Mark C. Green, Christopher F. Hurd, William W. Gibbs, Shawn G. TI Quantitative microbial risk assessment of a drinking water - wastewater cross-connection simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cross-connection; Salmonella; quantitative microbial risk assessment ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLOSIS; INFECTION; BIOFILM; GIARDIA AB Quantitative microbial risk assessment is a useful way to predict the incidence of infection and illness within a community following exposure to pathogens. We used this risk assessment technique to determine the expected number of Salmonella infections and illnesses resulting from a drinking water - wastewater cross-connection incident using data generated from a distribution system simulator study and compared our results to a reported cross-contamination event that occurred in Pineville, Louisiana in 2000. Probabilities of infection and illness were estimated for different exposure scenarios representing different Salmonella concentrations and the characteristic varied attack rates for waterborne Salmonella. Risks of Salmonella infection range from 10% after a 1 day exposure (assuming the lower bound Salmonella concentration) to a 1-log greater risk of infection for all other scenarios, with risks of infection approximately 99% for 30 and 90 day exposure durations. C1 [Mena, Kristina D.; Mota, Linda C.; Gibbs, Shawn G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. [Meckes, Mark C.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Green, Christopher F.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hurd, William W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Mena, KD (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso Reg Campus,1100 N Stanton St,Suite 110, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. EM kristina.d.mena@uth.tmc.edu RI Mota, Linda/E-4878-2014 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1139/S08-022 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357GO UT WOS:000259834500008 ER PT J AU Lopez, RD Nash, MS Heggem, DT Ebert, DW AF Lopez, Ricardo D. Nash, Maliha S. Heggem, Daniel T. Ebert, Donald W. TI Watershed vulnerability predictions for the Ozarks using landscape models SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST; PHOSPHORUS; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERN AB Forty-six broad-scale landscape metrics derived from commonly used landscape metrics were used to develop potential indicators of total phosphorus (TP) concentration, total ammonia (TA) concentration, and Escherichia coli bacteria count among 244 sub-watersheds of the Upper White River (Ozark Mountains, USA). Indicator models were developed by correlating field-based water quality measurements and contemporaneous remote-sensing-based ecological metrics using partial least squares (PLS) analyses. The TP PLS model resulted in one significant factor explaining 91% of the variability in surface water TP concentrations. Among the 18 contributing landscape model variables for the TP PLS model, the proportions of a sub-watershed that are barren and in human use were key indicators of water chemistry in the associated sub-watersheds. The increased presence and reduce fragmentation of forested areas are negatively correlated with TP concentrations in associated sub-watersheds, particularly within close proximity to rivers and screams. The TA PLS model resulted in one significant factor explaining 93% of the variability in surface water TA concentrations. The eight contributing landscape model variables for the TA PLS model were among the same forest and urban metrics for the TP model, with a similar spatial gradient trend in relationship to distance from streams and rivers within a sub-watershed. The E. coli PLS model resulted in two significant factors explaining 99.7% of the variability in E. coli cell count. The 17 contributing landscape model variables for the E. coli PLS model were similar to the TP and TA models. The integration of model results demonstrates that forest, riparian, and urban attributes of sub-watersheds affect all three models. The results provide watershed managers in the Ozark Mountains with a broad-scale vulnerability prediction tool, focusing On TP, TA, and E coli, and are being used to prioritize and evaluate monitoring and restoration efforts in the vicinity of the White River, a major tributary to the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Lopez, Ricardo D.; Nash, Maliha S.; Heggem, Daniel T.; Ebert, Donald W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Lopez, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM lopez.ricardo@epa.gov OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 FU Office of Research and Development FX We thank Brenda Groskinsky and Jaci Ferguson for their Support and expertise during this research. We thank Dr. David Bradford and two anonymous reviewers For their thoughtful comments regarding this manuscript. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, funded and conducted this research. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1769 EP 1780 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0360 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 344OJ UT WOS:000258936900012 PM 18689738 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Segal, E Zheng, W Wang, QQ Hutchins, SR AF Bradford, Scott A. Segal, Eran Zheng, Wei Wang, Qiquan Hutchins, Stephen R. TI Reuse of concentrated animal feeding operation wastewater on agricultural lands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION; CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT; COLLOID-FACILITATED TRANSPORT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AB Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) generate large volumes of manure and manure contaminated wash and run-off water. When applied to land at agronomic rates, CAFO wastewater has the potential to be a valuable fertilizer and soil amendment that can improve the physical condition of the soil for plant growth and reduce the demand for high quality water resources. However excess amounts of nutrients, heavy metals, salts, pathogenic, microorganisms and pharmaceutically active compounds (antibioics and hormones) in CAFO wastewater can adversely impact soil and water quality. The USEPA currently requires that application of CAFO wastes to agricultural lands follow an approved nutrient managed plan (NMP). A NMP is a design document that sets rates for waste application to meet the water and nutrient requirements of the selected crops and soil types and is typically written so as to be protective of surface water resources. The tactit assumption is that a well-designed and executed NMP ensures that all lagoon water contaminants are taken up or degraded in the root zone, so that ground water is inherently protected. The validity of this assumption for all lagoon water contaminants has not yet been thoroughly studied. This review paper discusses our current level of understanding on the environmental impact and sustainability of CAFO wastewater reuse. Specifically we address the source, composition application practices, environmental issues, transport pathways and potential treatments that are associated with the reuse of CAFO wastewater on agricultural lands. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Segal, Eran; Zheng, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wang, Qiquan] Delaware State Univ, Dep Chem, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Hutchins, Stephen R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USEPA [DW-12-92189901-0] FX This research was Supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS and an interagericy agreement with the USEPA (LAG no. DW-12-92189901-0). Although this work was funded in part by the USEPA, it has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency), and no official endorsement should be inferred. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Dennis Corwin for his editorial recommendations on this manuscript. NR 255 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 20 U2 108 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP S97 EP S115 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0393 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345VX UT WOS:000259026700010 PM 18765783 ER PT J AU O'Connor, GA Elliott, HA Bastian, RK AF O'Connor, G. A. Elliott, H. A. Bastian, R. K. TI Degraded water reuse: An overview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; LAND APPLICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Communities around the world face increasingly severe fresh water supply shortages, largely due to expanding populations and associated food Supply, economic development, and health issues. Intentional reuse of degraded waters (e.g., wastewater effluents, irrigation return flows, concentrated animal feeding operations [CAFO] effluents, stormwater, and graywater) as substitutes for fresh waters could be one solution to the challenge. We describe the various degraded water types and reuse options and limitations and restrictions to their use. Emphasis is given to reuse scenarios involving degraded water applications to soil. The potential for degraded water reuse is enormous, but significant barriers exist to widespread adoption. Barriers include research questions (some addressable by traditional soil science approaches, but others requiring novel techniques and advanced instrumentation), the lack Of unifying national regulations, and public acceptance. Educational programs, based on hard science developed from long-term field studies, are imperative to convince the public and elected officials of the wisdom and safety of reusing degraded waters. C1 [O'Connor, G. A.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Elliott, H. A.] Penn State Univ, Agr & Biol Engn Dep, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bastian, R. K.] US EPA, Off Water Management, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP O'Connor, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gao@ufl.edu NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP S157 EP S168 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0459 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345VX UT WOS:000259026700015 PM 18765762 ER PT J AU Georgopoulos, PG Wang, SW Yang, YC Xue, JP Zartarian, VG McCurdy, T Ozkaynak, HK AF Georgopoulos, Panos G. Wang, Sheng-Wei Yang, Yu-Ching Xue, Jianping Zartarian, Valerie G. McCurdy, Thomas Ozkaynak, Halu K. TI Biologically based modeling of multimedia, multipathway, multiroute population exposures to arsenic SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FDA TOTAL DIET; ASSESSMENT SURVEY NHEXAS; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; DOSE ASSESSMENT; CHILDREN; WATER; ELEMENTS; CONTACT; CHLORPYRIFOS C1 [Georgopoulos, Panos G.; Wang, Sheng-Wei; Yang, Yu-Ching] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Joint Inst, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Georgopoulos, Panos G.; Wang, Sheng-Wei; Yang, Yu-Ching] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Xue, Jianping; Zartarian, Valerie G.; McCurdy, Thomas; Ozkaynak, Halu K.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Georgopoulos, PG (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Joint Inst, EOHSI, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM panosg@ccl.rutgers.edu FU Center for Exposure and Risk Modeling [CERMFEPAR827033]; Environmental Bioinformatics and Computational Toxicology Center [ebCTC GAD R 832721-010]; UMDNJ Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease [P30ES005022] FX The USEPA has supported this work through the Center for Exposure and Risk Modeling (CERMFEPAR827033) and the Environmental Bioinformatics and Computational Toxicology Center (ebCTC F GAD R 832721- 010). Additional support has been provided by the NIEHS sponsored UMDNJ Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease (Grant #: NIEHS P30ES005022). We acknowledge contributions of Elaina Kenyon, Ted Palma, Andrew Schullman, and David Thomas (USEPA); Karen Feld (NJDEP); Eric Vowinkel (USGS); Ming Ouyang, Linda Everett, and Alan Sasso (EOHSI); and numerous EOHSI collaborators. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 462 EP 476 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500637 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 339DJ UT WOS:000258558000003 PM 18073786 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Sheldon, LS Thomas, KW Egeghy, PP Croghan, CW Jones, PA Chuang, JC Wilson, NK AF Morgan, Marsha K. Sheldon, Linda S. Thomas, Kent W. Egeghy, Peter P. Croghan, Carry W. Jones, Paul A. Chuang, Jane C. Wilson, Nancy K. TI Adult and children's exposure to 2,4-D from multiple sources and pathways SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; adults; homes; media; 2,4-D; biomonitoring ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; PESTICIDE LEVELS; URINE SAMPLES; CREATININE; GRAVITY; DILUTION AB In this study, we investigated the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide exposures of 135 preschool-aged children and their adult caregivers at 135 homes in North Carolina (NC) and Ohio (OH). Participants were randomly recruited from six NC and six OH counties. Monitoring was performed over a 48-h period at the participants' homes. Environmental samples included soil, outdoor air, indoor air, and carpet dust. Personal samples collected by the adult caregivers concerning themselves and their children consisted of solidfood, liquid food, handwipe, and spot urine samples. All samples were analyzed for 2,4-D (free acid form) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2,4-D was detected in all types of environmental samples but most often in carpet dust samples, with detection frequencies of 83% and 98% in NC and OH, respectively. The median level of 2,4-D in the carpet dust samples was about three times higher in OH homes compared to NC homes (156 vs. 47.5 ng/ g, P<0.0002). For personal samples, 2,4-D was more frequently detected in the handwipe samples from OH participants (>48%) than from NC participants (< 9 %). Handwipe levels at the 95th percentile were about have times higher for OH children (0.1 ng/cm(2)) and adults (0.03 ng/cm(2)) than for the NC children (0.02 ng/cm(2)) and adults (< 0.005 ng/cm(2)). 2,4-D was detected in more than 85% of the child and adult urine samples in both states. The median urinary 2,4-D concentration was more than twice as high for OH children compared to NC children (1.2 vs. 0.5 ng/ml, P <0.0001); however, the median concentration was identical at 0.7 ng/ ml for both NC and OH adults. The intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability for an individual's urinary 2,4-D measurements, estimated from the unadjusted (0.31 -0.62) and specific gravity-adjusted (0.37 -0.73) values, were somewhat low for each group in this study. The variability in urinary 2,4-D measurements over the 48-h period for both children and adults in NC and OH suggests that several spot samples were needed to adequately assess these participants' exposures to 2,4-D in residential settings. Results from this study showed that children and their adult caregivers in NC and OH were likely exposed to 2,4-D through several pathways at their homes. In addition, our findings suggest that the OH children might have been exposed to higher levels of 2,4-D through the dermal and nondietary routes of exposure than the NC children and the NC and OH adults. C1 [Morgan, Marsha K.; Sheldon, Linda S.; Thomas, Kent W.; Egeghy, Peter P.; Croghan, Carry W.; Jones, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chuang, Jane C.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. [Wilson, Nancy K.] Battelle Mem Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 T W Alexander Dr,MD-E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500641 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 339DJ UT WOS:000258558000005 PM 18167507 ER PT J AU Grigorovich, IA Angradi, TR Stepien, CA AF Grigorovich, Igor A. Angradi, Ted R. Stepien, Carol A. TI Occurrence of the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the upper Mississippi River system SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; SHELL MORPHOLOGY; RANGE EXPANSION; ABUNDANCE; BIVALVES; ECOLOGY AB The quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) was first found in the Ohio River and the upper Mississippi River in the mid-1990s. It has since gone unreported in the Mississippi River system possibly due in part to its phenotypic variability and close morphological resemblance to the more commonly occuring zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Sampling of the upper Mississippi River system during 2004-2006 revealed that the quagga mussel occurred at several localities outside its previously reported distribution in the Ohio River and upper Mississippi River. Few zebra and no quagga mussels were found in the Missouri River. Quagga mussels were not abundant in our survey, comprising less than 1% of identifiable Dreissena specimens. C1 [Angradi, Ted R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Grigorovich, Igor A.] Wilson Environm Labs Inc, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. [Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Great Lakes Genet Lab, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43618 USA. [Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43618 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM agradi.theodore@epa.gov RI Stepien, Carol/A-7898-2011 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664220 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 345AT UT WOS:000258969100011 ER PT J AU Croley, TE Raikow, DF He, CS Atkinson, JF AF Croley, Thomas E., II Raikow, David F. He, Chansheng Atkinson, Joseph F. TI Hydrological resource sheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BASIN RUNOFF MODEL; RIVER; HYDROREGIONS; GOVERNANCE; SEDIMENT; QUALITY AB When we consider a location with a material (e.g., water, pollutant, sediment) passing through it, we can ask: "Where did the material come from and how long did it take to reach the location?" We can quantify the answer by defining the areas contributing to this location during various time periods as "resource sheds." Various resource sheds and their source material distributions are rigorously defined and properties derived. For watershed hydrology, we compute resource sheds and their source distributions with a spatially distributed hydrology model by tracing water departing from a "cell" (say 1 km(2)) over one time interval, traveling through intermediate cells soil, groundwater, and surface zones, and arriving at the watershed mouth in another time interval. This requires modeling all cells, but only tracing contributions from one at a time. By then combining these simulations for all cell loadings, we construct a map of the contributions over the entire watershed for specific departure and arrival time intervals. We then combine results of several sets of simulations to determine the source distribution for any time period and infer resource sheds from these mappings. We give examples for the Maumee River watershed in northern Ohio, discuss computation reduction, and suggest future extensions to other materials. C1 [Croley, Thomas E., II] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Raikow, David F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [He, Chansheng] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Atkinson, Joseph F.] SUNY Buffalo, Great Lakes Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Croley, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tom.croley@noaa.gov; raikow.david@epamail.epa.gov; chansheng.he@wmich.edu; atkinson@eng.buffalo.edu RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 9 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:9(873) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 338DV UT WOS:000258486700013 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Pappas, E Zhang, Y AF Shuster, W. D. Pappas, E. Zhang, Y. TI Laboratory-scale simulation of runoff response from pervious-impervious systems SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; IMPACTS AB We posit that a more complete understanding of runoff response from urban catchments requires an assessment of the hydrologic behavior of composite impervious-pervious patches. We therefore examined how the factors of impervious extent, connectivity, and antecedent moisture content of pervious areas might affect mechanisms of runoff production at small spatial scales in a laboratory setting. We used rainfall simulation (with a storm comprised of 20,30,40 mm hr(-1) rainfall rates for 48, 24, and 24 min, respectively) to observe surface runoff from 0.6 m(2) boxes (impervious or pervious-soil) 0.2 m deep that were connected together in series to produce different arrangements of impervious and pervious surfaces (0, 25, 50% impervious) with different connectivity to the outlet (disconnected, connected), and under two different antecedent moisture conditions for pervious areas (drier, wetter). In general, an increase in percent impervious area led to fewer opportunities for infiltration, and a quicker onset of runoff, which was intensified by wetter antecedent moisture conditions and connectivity to the outlet. Runoff rate ratios were strongly affected by antecedent moisture condition and somewhat less significantly by an interaction between impervious area extent and its connectivity status. In each impervious treatment, we observed a decreased time to runoff initiation and higher final runoff rate ratio for wetter than drier treatments. Interestingly, we found that the connectivity of 25% impervious area accounted for differences in runoff rate ratio only early in the simulation. The patterns in runoff from connected and disconnected 25% treatments eventually converged, leaving antecedent moisture conditions the only relevant factor. As impervious area was increased to 50%, we noted a precipitous decline in infiltration rates due to a reduction in infiltration opportunities and infiltration behavior of the pervious surfaces in these treatments. Evidence of return flow in the 50% disconnected treatment is presented and discussed in the context of saturation-excess runoff mechanisms. These experimental results are then discussed in terms of their potential extension and application to better understand aspects of urban hydrology and models thereof. C1 [Shuster, W. D.; Zhang, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environm Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Pappas, E.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environm Branch, ML498,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. FU USEPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Janae Bos (ARS) FX This research work was funded by and performed under an inter-agency agreement between the USEPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The writers thank Janae Bos (ARS) for technical support and data archiving throughout the course of this project. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 25 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 9 BP 886 EP 893 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:9(886) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 338DV UT WOS:000258486700014 ER PT J AU Struck, SD Selvakumar, A Borst, M AF Struck, Scott D. Selvakumar, Ariamalar Borst, Michael TI Prediction of effluent quality from retention ponds and constructed wetlands for managing bacterial stressors in storm-water runoff SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; stormwater management; best management practice; wetlands; retention basins; receiving water; water quality ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIE-OFF; MESOCOSMS; REMOVAL; SYSTEMS; SEWAGE; MICROORGANISMS; INACTIVATION; ENTEROCOCCI; COLIFORMS AB Microbial indicator organisms make up the greatest number of reported receiving water impairments, resulting in many questions on the fate of indicator bacteria passing through storm-water best management practices (BMPs). Storm-water BMPs are often considered effective tools to mitigate the effects of urbanization on receiving waters. The USEPA's, Office of Research and Development investigated the processes occurring within two commonly used BMPs, constructed wetlands and retention ponds. This research focused on creating pilot-scale systems to determine the environmental mechanisms that affect effluent indicator bacteria concentrations and to provide better information for the prediction of bacterial indicators for models when developing and meeting total maximum daily loads. Research results indicate water temperature, light, and a combination of other environmental factors influence bacteria indicator concentrations. Results from this research suggest that both constructed wetlands and retention ponds lower microbial concentrations in urban storm-water runoff. Bacteria inactivation generally followed the first-order, KC* model, which includes irreducible or background concentrations of a stressor. Sediment analyses indicate bacteria accumulated in sediments which may maintain background concentrations could be reintroduced into the effluent of these BMPs by turbulent flow causing resuspension or by accumulation through lack of maintenance. First-order models that do not consider irreducible concentrations may underestimate actual bacterial concentrations. The relationship between turbidity and bacteria suggests storm-water management practices that substantially reduce turbidity may also provide the greatest improvement in reducing concentrations of bacteria in storm-water runoff. C1 [Struck, Scott D.] Tetra Tech Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Struck, Scott D.; Selvakumar, Ariamalar; Borst, Michael] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Struck, SD (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, 350 Indiana St,Ste 500, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM struck.scott@tetratech.com NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 30 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 567 EP 578 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:5(567) PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 349CN UT WOS:000259256500005 ER PT J AU Muthukrishnan, S Oleske, M AF Muthukrishnan, Swarna Oleske, Matt TI Effects of lime amendment on the pH of engineered soil mix for the purposes of bioretention SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE soil properties; pH; lime; best management practice; stormwater management; urban areas; water quality ID IN-SITU; RETENTION; RUNOFF AB Storm-water management strategies increasingly focus on the implementation of infiltration-based best management practices (BMPs) such as swales, bioretention basins, and rain gardens. The surface vegetation and underlying soil in these BMPs remove a variety of pollutants including heavy metals and nutrients from urban storm-water runoff. The successful attenuation of these storm-water stressors is largely influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the soils used in these systems. Controlled-condition research is being conducted using pilot-scale swales and rain gardens at U.S. EPA's Urban Watershed Research Facility in Edison, N.J. to evaluate their performance and collect data that would help in understanding the engineering design. The first phase of this research was to evaluate and select the most appropriate soil media for use in infiltration-based BMPs for the efficient removal of heavy metals and nutrients. The objective of this laboratory incubation study was to determine how the acidic pH of an engineered infield soil media could be improved to the target pH range (5.5-7.0) suitable for heavy metals adsorption using dolomitic limestone amendments (CaCO3.MgCO3). Lime additions to the acidic infield mix resulted in neutral or slightly basic soil conditions after only 48 h of incubation. The soil response to various lime additions appeared to stabilize after more than 100 h of incubation. These results could potentially be applied to bioretention facilities to improve the sorption characteristics of the soil media. C1 [Muthukrishnan, Swarna] Amer Water Innovat & Environm Stewardship, Delran, NJ 08075 USA. [Muthukrishnan, Swarna] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. [Oleske, Matt] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Muthukrishnan, S (reprint author), Amer Water Innovat & Environm Stewardship, Delran, NJ 08075 USA. EM swarna.muthukrishnan@amwater.com FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education (ORISE) FX This research at the Urban Watershed Management Branch (UWMB) U. S. EPA, Edison, N.J., was supported by Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education (ORISE), and Office of Research and Development, U. S. EPA. Any opinions expressed in this technical note are those of the writers and do not, necessarily, reflect the official positions and policies of the U. S. EPA. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the U. S. EPA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:5(675) PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 349CN UT WOS:000259256500018 ER PT J AU Larned, ST Eldridge, PM Kinzie, RA AF Larned, Scott T. Eldridge, Peter M. Kinzie, Robert A., III TI Modeling C and N flows through a stream food web: an inverse approach SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE inverse analysis; foodweb model; carbon; nitrogen; flow network; tropical stream; riparian forest; allochthonous input; autochthonous productivity ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; FOREST STREAM; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; DETRITUS; RIVER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; STOICHIOMETRY AB Inverse analysis is a promising method for addressing a common problem in stream ecology: how to estimate material and energy flows through food webs when the total number of flows greatly exceeds the number of measured flows. Inverse analyses provide solutions to systems of linear difference equations, where each equation corresponds to a flow between 2 foodweb compartments. Physiological and isotopic constraints are used to reduce the number of possible solutions and to ensure that flow magnitudes are realistic. We used inverse methods to develop model,; of C and N flows through the food web in Kaiwiki Stream, a forested stream on the island of Hawaii. The empirical data used in the models included measurements of respiration and detritus ingestion and particulate organic matter dynamics. Constraints for the models included stable isotope ratios and assimilation and production efficiencies. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the models were robust to changes in the values of most empirical measurements. The models elucidated community- and ecosystem-level properties of Kaiwiki Stream that would have been obscured in simpler tracer or budget models. Among those properties are the flows of dissolved organic C and N through the food web, the roles of bacteria, fungi, and fruit in metazoan diets, and the differences in primary dietary sources of C and N, indicating differential assimilation of ingested food. The modeled C and N flow networks for Kaiwiki Stream had dissimilar structures, which might reflect a combination of differential C and N assimilation and dissimilar effects of physical processes on C and N flows between nonliving pools. Rates of ecosystem processes estimated by inverse analysis (e.g., gross primary productivity, community respiration) were comparable with rates measured in other tropical and temperate forested streams. Our study demonstrates the utility of inverse methods for reconstructing food webs, estimating material and energy flow rates, and generating hypotheses. C1 [Larned, Scott T.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Eldridge, Peter M.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kinzie, Robert A., III] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Larned, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, POB 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM s.larned@niwa.co.nz; eldridge.pete@epamail.epa.gov; kinzie@hawaii.edu FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C01X0308]; US Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation [DEB 97-08375] FX We thank C. Chong, E. Conklin, A. Cutler, J. Gamiao, C. Mohlmann, K. Paine, N. Punewai, and L. Wedding for assistance with fieldwork. Stable isotope and nutrient analyses were carried out by S. Pang, T. Rust, J. Tanimoto, and T. Walsh (Analytical Services, University of Hawaii) and L. Cifuentes (Texas A & M University). We thank S. Parkyn, M. Baker, and 3 anonymous referees for thoughtful reviews. Funding for this research was provided by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (contract C01X0308), the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Science Foundation (DEB 97-08375 to RAK and A. Covich). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 674 EP 689 DI 10.1899/07-134.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 343KI UT WOS:000258851800016 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Johnson, BR Walters, DM AF Fritz, Ken M. Johnson, Brent R. Walters, David M. TI Physical indicators of hydrologic permanence in forested headwater streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE jurisdictional waters; intermittent; ephemeral; perennial; temporary; rapid habitat assessments; hydrology; geomorphology ID UNITED-STATES; LOW-FLOW; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; EPHEMERAL CHANNELS; WATER-QUALITY; ZONES; CLASSIFICATION; INTERMITTENT; EXPANSION; DISCHARGE AB Recent court cases have questioned whether all headwater streams are jurisdictional waters under the US Clean Water Act. Rapid field-based indicators of hydrologic permanence are needed for making jurisdictional determinations. Our study objectives were to: 1) identify physical characteristics of forested headwater streams that best distinguish perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral reaches and 2) assess the applicability of existing rapid field-based tools for classifying hydrologic permanence across a wide geographic range. We surveyed reach- and drainage-scale characteristics at 113 sites across 10 study forests in the US. Streams in 4 core forests (61 core sites) were sampled over 2 consecutive years and were used in model construction. Streams in 6 satellite forests (72 satellite sites) were used to validate the models over a broader geographic range. Discriminant function models successfully differentiated hydrologic permanence categories at core sites. Drainage area, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Headwater Habitat Evaluation Index (HHEI), and the North Carolina Department of Water Quality Stream Classification Method (NCSC) were strongly correlated with the discriminant function that separated ephemeral from perennial and intermittent sites. Entrenchment ratio was the most consistent variable discriminating intermittent from perennial sites across the core forests. The models had mixed results when applied to the validation data set, but did classify correctly most intermittent and ephemeral sites. Classification trees were used to assess broad regional applicability of existing rapid field-based protocols and to identify important metrics. Scores from the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol Habitat Assessment, HHEI, and NCSC all clearly distinguished ephemeral from intermittent and perennial sites, but no differences were detected between intermittent and perennial sites across all sites. However, data from core sites do indicate that a suite of physical variables can be used successfully to identify hydrologic permanence at regional scales. C1 [Fritz, Ken M.; Johnson, Brent R.; Walters, David M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov; johnson.brent@epa.gov; walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 64 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 27 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 690 EP 704 DI 10.1899/07-117.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 343KI UT WOS:000258851800017 ER PT J AU Pond, GJ Passmore, ME Borsuk, FA Reynolds, L Rose, CJ AF Pond, Gregory J. Passmore, Margaret E. Borsuk, Frank A. Reynolds, Lou Rose, Carole J. TI Downstream effects of mountaintop coal mining: comparing biological conditions using family- and genus-level macroinvertebrate bioassessment tools SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; coal mining; macroinvertebrates; specific conductance; Ephemeroptera; multimetric index; taxonomic resolution ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; SELENIUM TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; SALINITY TOLERANCES; HEADWATER STREAMS; AQUATIC INSECTS; WATER CHEMISTRY; CHLORIDE CELLS AB Surface coal mining with valley fills has impaired the aquatic life in numerous streams in the Central Appalachian Mountains. We characterized macroinvertebrate communities from riffles in 37 small West Virginia streams (10 unmined and 27 mined sites with valley fills) sampled in the spring index period (March-May) and compared the assessment results using family- and genus-level taxonomic data. Specific conductance was used to categorize levels of mining disturbance in mined watersheds as low (<500 mu S/cm), medium (500-1000 mu S/cm), or high (>1000 mu S/cm). Four lines of evidence indicate that mining activities impair biological condition of streams: shift in species assemblages, loss of Epherneroptera taxa, changes in individual metrics and indices, and differences in water chemistry. Results were consistent whether family- or genus-level data were used. In both family- and genus-level nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordinations, mined sites were significantly separated from unmined sites, indicating that shifts in community structure were caused by mining. Several Epherneroptera genera (e.g., Ephemerella, Epeorus, Drunella) and their families (Ephemerellidae, Heptageniidae) were correlated most strongly with the primary NMS axis (r > 0.59 for these genera; r > 0.78 for these families). These same Ephemeroptera were absent and, thus, eliminated from most of the mined sites. Total Ephemeroptera richness and relative abundance both declined with increasing mining disturbance. Several other metrics, such as richness, composition, tolerance, and diversity, clearly discriminated unmined vs mined sites. Most family-level metrics performed well and approximated the strength of genus-based metrics. A genus-based multimetric index (MMI) rated more mined sites as impaired than did the family-based MMI. Water-quality variables related to mining were more strongly correlated to NMS axis-1 scores, metrics, and MMIS than were sedimentation and riparian habitat scores. Generally, the correlations between the genus-level MMI and water-quality variables were stronger than the correlations between the family-level MMI and those variables. Our results show that mining activity has had subtle to severe impacts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities and that the biological condition most strongly correlates with a gradient of ionic strength. C1 [Pond, Gregory J.; Passmore, Margaret E.; Borsuk, Frank A.; Reynolds, Lou; Rose, Carole J.] US EPA, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. RP Pond, GJ (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 3,1060 Chapline St, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. EM pond.greg@epa.gov; passmore.margaret@epa.gov; borsuk.frank@epa.gov; reynolds.louis@epa.gov; rose.carole@epa.gov NR 86 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 10 U2 124 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 717 EP 737 DI 10.1899/08-015.1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 343KI UT WOS:000258851800019 ER PT J AU Stevenson, RJ Hill, BH Herlihy, AT Yuan, LL Norton, SB AF Stevenson, R. Jan Hill, Brian H. Herlihy, Alan T. Yuan, Lester L. Norton, Susan B. TI Algae-P relationships, thresholds, and frequency distributions guide nutrient criterion development SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE algae; biomass; diatoms; frequency distributions; Mid-Atlantic Highlands; nutrients; nutrient criteria; phosphorus; species composition; streams; stressor-response relationship; threshold ID WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BENTHIC ALGAE; FRESH-WATER; STREAMS; PHOSPHORUS AB We used complementary information collected using different conceptual approaches to develop recommendations for a stream nutrient criterion based on responses of algal assemblages to anthropogenic P enrichment. Benthic algal attributes, water chemistry, physical habitat, and human activities in watersheds were measured in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region as part of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency Diatom species composition differed greatly between low- and high-pH reference streams; therefore, analyses for criterion development were limited to a subset of 149 well-buffered streams to control for natural variability among streams caused by pH. Regression models showed that TP concentrations were similar to 10 mu g/L in streams with low levels of human activities in watersheds and that TP increased with % agriculture and urban land uses in watersheds. The 75(th) percentile at reference sites was 12 mu g TP/L. Chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass increased and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased with increasing TP concentration. The number of diatom taxa, evenness, proportion of expected native taxa, and number of high-P taxa increased with TP concentration in streams. In contrast, the number of low-P native taxa and % low-P individuals decreased with increasing TP. Lowess regression and regression tree analysis indicated nonlinear relationships for many diversity indices and attributes of taxonomic composition with respect to TP. Thresholds in these responses occurred between 10 and 20 mu g/L and helped justify recommending a P criterion between 10 and 12 mu g TP/L to protect highquality biological conditions in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. C1 [Stevenson, R. Jan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hill, Brian H.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Yuan, Lester L.; Norton, Susan B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Stevenson, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rjstev@msu.edu; hill.brian@epamail.epa.gov; herlihy.alan@epa.gov; yuan.lester@epamail.epa.gov; norton.susan@epamail.epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 FU The Office of Research and Development of the US EPA FX The Office of Research and Development of the US EPA supported the work done by RJS on this paper. Robert Hughes and members of the US EPA Tiered Aquatic Life Use Workgroup provided valuable conversations in the formulation of the concepts evaluated in this paper. Patti Grace-Jarrett, Kalina Manoylov, Mark VanderBorgh, and Susanna Decelles identified and counted algae. NR 67 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 34 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 783 EP 799 DI 10.1899/07-077.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 343KI UT WOS:000258851800024 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Janke, R AF Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert TI Importance of exposure model in estimating impacts when a water distribution system is contaminated SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER AB The quantity of a contaminant ingested by individuals using tap water drawn from a water distribution system during a contamination event depends on the concentration of the contaminant in the water and the volume of water ingested. If the concentration varies with time, the actual time of exposure affects the quantity ingested. The influence of the timing of exposure and of individual variability in the volume of water ingested on estimated impacts for a contamination event has received limited attention. We examine the significance of ingestion timing and variability in the volume of water ingested by using a number of models for ingestion timing and volume. Contaminant concentrations were obtained from simulations of an actual distribution system for cases involving contaminant injections lasting from 1 to 24 h. We find that assumptions about exposure can significantly influence estimated impacts, especially when injection durations are short and impact thresholds are high. The influence of ingestion timing and volume should be considered when assessing impacts for contamination events. C1 [Davis, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov; janke.robert@epamail.epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement through U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under an interagency agreement. The views expressed in this paper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement through U. S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. All data analysis and preparation of graphics for this paper were done with R (R Development Core Team 2007). NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:5(449) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 338EZ UT WOS:000258490100007 ER PT J AU Elovitz, MS Shemer, H Peller, JR Vinodgopal, K Sivaganesan, M Linden, KG AF Elovitz, Michael S. Shemer, Hilla Peller, Julie R. Vinodgopal, K. Sivaganesan, Mano Linden, Karl G. TI Hydroxyl radical rate constants: comparing UV/H(2)O(2) and pulse radiolysis for environmental pollutants SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Article DE competition kinetics; contaminant candidate list; oxidation; photolysis; ultraviolet (UV) irradiation ID ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDRATED ELECTRONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WATER; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; REACTIVITY; RADIATION; PRODUCTS AB The objective of this study was to measure hydroxyl radical reaction rates using both UV/H(2)O(2) and pulse radiolysis techniques for 10 US EPA Contaminant Candidate List compounds (2,6- and 2,4-DNT, EPTC, prometon, linuron, diuron, RDX, molinate, nitrobenzene, and terbacil). The rate constants determined using these techniques were compared to each other and to values reported in the literature. Difference factors between k(OH) obtained using UV/H(2)O(2) and pulse radiolysis ranged from 1.1 to 4.7. It was shown that even small differences in hydroxyl radical rate constants values can result in fairly large differences (up to 50%) when trying to predict removals of pollutants in an advanced oxidation process. C1 [Linden, Karl G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Elovitz, Michael S.; Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Shemer, Hilla] Grand Water Res Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Rabin Desalinat Lab, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Peller, Julie R.; Vinodgopal, K.] Indiana Univ NW, Dept Chem, Gary, IN 46408 USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karl.linden@colorado.edu OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-829412-01-1]; USEPA FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under CR-829412-01-1 to Duke University. Although the research described was funded by the USEPA, it has not been subject to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the USEPA. The authors wish to thank Dr. Charles M. Sharpless and Dr. Changlong Wu for their prior contributions to the experimental design and data collection. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 6 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.2166/aqua.2008.102 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 348AI UT WOS:000259182800004 ER PT J AU Murkunde, YV Kalaiselvan, P Vijayakumar, S Hemalatha, K Maronpot, RR Herbert, RA Wells, MY AF Murkunde, Yogeshkumar V. Kalaiselvan, Ponnusamy Vijayakumar, Subramaniyan Hemalatha, Kuppusamy Maronpot, Robert R. Herbert, Ronald A. Wells, Monique Y. TI Brain lesion in a Wistar rat SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 [Murkunde, Yogeshkumar V.; Kalaiselvan, Ponnusamy; Vijayakumar, Subramaniyan; Hemalatha, Kuppusamy] Int Inst Biotechnol & Toxicol, Dept Pathol, Padappai 601301, Tamil Nadu, India. [Maronpot, Robert R.; Herbert, Ronald A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Cellular & Mol Pathol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wells, Monique Y.] Toxicol Pathol Serv Inc, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Murkunde, YV (reprint author), Int Inst Biotechnol & Toxicol, Dept Pathol, Padappai 601301, Tamil Nadu, India. EM fippat@giasmd01.vsnl.net.in RI pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 401 EP 401 DI 10.1038/laban0908-401 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340QW UT WOS:000258661100005 PM 18719690 ER PT J AU Zepp, RG Shank, GC Stabenau, E Patterson, KW Cyterski, M Fisher, W Bartels, E Anderson, SL AF Zepp, Richard G. Shank, G. Christopher Stabenau, Erik Patterson, Karen W. Cyterski, Mike Fisher, William Bartels, Erich Anderson, Susan L. TI Spatial and temporal variability of solar ultraviolet exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys: Importance of colored dissolved organic matter SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; NATURAL-WATERS; UV-RADIATION; MONTASTRAEA-FAVEOLATA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ACTION SPECTRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEF CORALS; CARBON; ABSORPTION AB Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have deleterious effects on coral assemblages in tropical and subtropical marine environments, but little information is available on UV penetration into ocean waters surrounding corals. Here we provide an extensive data set of optical properties in the UV domain (280[en] 400 nm) that were obtained during 1998-2005 at sites located in the Lower and Middle Keys and the Dry Tortugas. Absorption coefficients of the colored component of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC; colored dissolved organic matter [CDOM]) were 63 to 253 larger than particulate absorption coefficients in the UV region, indicating that CDOM controls UV penetration in the inshore coastal waters and reef tract. CDOM absorption coefficients (a(CDOM)) and DOC were highly correlated to diffuse attenuation coefficients (K-d) in the UV spectral region. Measurements using moored sensors showed that UV penetration at the reef tract in the Lower Keys varies significantly from day to day and diurnally. The diurnal variations were linked to tidal currents that transport CDOM over the reef tract. Summertime stratification of Case 1 bluewaters near the reef tract during periods of low wind resulted in higher temperatures and UV penetration than that observed during well-mixed conditions. This result suggests that higher UV exposure accompanying ocean warming during low-wind doldrums conditions significantly contributes to coral bleaching. Modeling results indicate that changes in underwater sunlight attenuation over the coral reefs can affect UV-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and inhibition of coral photosynthesis much more strongly than changes in the stratospheric ozone layer. C1 [Zepp, Richard G.; Shank, G. Christopher; Stabenau, Erik; Patterson, Karen W.; Cyterski, Mike] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Fisher, William] Natl Human Hlth & Ecol Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Bartels, Erich] Trop Res Lab, Mote Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL USA. [Anderson, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA USA. RP Zepp, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM zepp.richard@epa.gov OI Stabenau, Erik/0000-0002-6574-9317 FU EPA [98-NCERQA-R1]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-98-F-0202] FX This research was supported in part by EPA Grant 98-NCERQA-R1 and a grant from the Office of Naval Research to R. Zepp (N00014-98-F-0202). This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. EPA. NR 65 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1909 EP 1922 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1909 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350MG UT WOS:000259356000018 ER PT J AU Buddemeier, RW Jokiel, PL Zimmerman, KM Lane, DR Carey, JM Bohling, GC Martinich, JA AF Buddemeier, Robert W. Jokiel, Paul L. Zimmerman, Kirby M. Lane, Diana R. Carey, Julie M. Bohling, Geoffrey C. Martinich, Jeremy A. TI A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID CALCIFICATION RATE; THERMAL TOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; SEAWATER; FUTURE; ACIDIFICATION; THRESHOLDS; PATTERNS AB l We developed a spreadsheet-based model for the use of managers, conservationists, and biologists for projecting the effects of climate change on coral reefs at local-to-regional scales. The COMBO (Coral Mortality and Bleaching Output) model calculates the impacts to coral reefs from changes in average SST and CO(2) concentrations, and from high temperature mortality (bleaching) events. The model uses a probabilistic assessment of the frequency of high temperature events under a future climate to address scientific uncertainties about potential adverse effects. COMBO offers data libraries and default factors for three selected regions (Hawai'i, Great Barrier Reef, and Caribbean), but it is structured with user-selectable parameter values and data input options, making possible modifications to reflect local conditions or to incorporate local expertise. Preliminary results from sensitivity analyses and simulation examples for Hawai'i demonstrate the relative importance of high temperature events, increased average temperature, and increased CO(2) concentration on the future status of coral reefs; illustrate significant interactions among variables; and allow comparisons of past environmental history with future predictions. C1 [Buddemeier, Robert W.; Zimmerman, Kirby M.; Carey, Julie M.; Bohling, Geoffrey C.] Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Jokiel, Paul L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lane, Diana R.] Stratus Consulting, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Martinich, Jeremy A.] US EPA, Climate Change Div 620 J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Buddemeier, RW (reprint author), Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM buddrw@kgs.ku.edu RI Bohling, Geoffrey/H-7273-2015; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 OI Bohling, Geoffrey/0000-0003-2364-9569; FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs [68-W-02-027]; Office of Research and Development [R832224] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Atmospheric Programs (Contract # 68-W-02-027) and Office of Research and Development (STAR Grant # R832224 to P. L. Jokiel). Technical contributions and/or project support were provided by John Guinotte, Katie Soldan, Cole Roe, Jane Leggett, Joel Smith, Russ Jones, Carolyn Wagner, David Mills, Tom Wigley, and Ben Santer. Valuable reviews of an earlier version of the model were provided by Joan Kleypas, Terry Done, Richard Zepp, John Rogers, and William Fisher. Mark Schoneweis and Shawn Saving prepared the illustrations. The manuscript was significantly improved by the suggestions of an anonymous reviewer. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 BP 395 EP 411 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350ME UT WOS:000259355800002 ER PT J AU Schable, NA Kuenzi, AM Drake, CA Folino-Rorem, NC Darling, JA AF Schable, Nancy A. Kuenzi, Ashley M. Drake, Carrie A. Folino-Rorem, Nadine C. Darling, John A. TI Microsatellite loci for the invasive colonial hydrozoan Cordylophora caspia SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Cordylophora caspia; cryptic diversity; hydrozoan; invasive species; microsatellite; primer development AB Cordylophora caspia, a colonial hydrozoan native to the Ponto-Caspian region, has become a common invader of both fresh and brackish water ecosystems of North America and Europe. We describe 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci for this species. Preliminary analyses indicate that population substructure may contribute to departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, new loci failed to consistently amplify Cordylophora samples known to be genetically distant from those utilized in this study, indicating the presence of cryptic diversity within the taxon. C1 [Schable, Nancy A.; Drake, Carrie A.] US EPA, Dynam Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kuenzi, Ashley M.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45248 USA. [Folino-Rorem, Nadine C.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Schable, NA (reprint author), US EPA, Dynam Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schable.nancy@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Dynamac Corporation [EPD06096] FX We thank Suzanne Jackson for helpful discussions. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EPD06096 to Dynamac Corporation. It has been Subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 968 EP 970 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02109.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 345LA UT WOS:000258997100006 PM 21585943 ER PT J AU Liu, YX Qin, LY Wilson, B Wu, XF Qian, L Granholm, AC Crews, FT Hong, JS AF Liu, Yuxin Qin, Liya Wilson, Belinda Wu, Xuefei Qian, Li Granholm, Ann-Charlotte Crews, Fulton T. Hong, Jau-Shyong TI Endotoxin induces a delayed loss of TH-IR neurons in substantia nigra and motor behavioral deficits SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Environmental Etiologies of Neurological Disorders - Modifiers of Risk CY NOV 11-14, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, EOHSI, ASA, ATSDR, March Dimes, Autism Speaks, Elsevier, Charles River Lab, John Merch Fund, CTEH, Soc Toxicol, INND, Inst Childrens Environm Hlth, Hammer, Inst Hlth Sci, Morris Cranmer, UAMS, VA Res Dev, Arkansas Childrens Hosp DE Lipopolysaccharide; Neurodegeneration; Parkinson's disease; TH-IR neurons; Rotarod test ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; ESTROGEN; EXPOSURE; NEUROTOXICITY; INFLAMMATION; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; SEPSIS AB We have previously reported that a single injection of endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.), causes a delayed and progressive loss of TH-IR neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in C57BL/six male mice. In this study, we determined sex differences and behavioral deficits accompanying the loss of TH-IR neurons in response to peripheral LPS injection. A single injection of LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to produce any loss of TH-IR neurons in the SN of female mice over a 12-month period. To determine if multiple-injections were required, female mice received five injections of LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at either weekly or monthly intervals. Behavioral motor ability and TH-IR neuronal loss were determined after the first injection of LPS. We found significant differences in both behavioral activities and neuronal loss between these two injection paradigms. Between 7 and 20 months after the first injection of LPS, progressive behavioral changes, measured by rotor-rod and open-field activities, and neuronal loss in SN were observed in monthly injected, but not in weekly injected mice. In addition, reduced rotor-rod ability in monthly injected mice were restored following treatment of L-dopa/carbidopa (30 mg/3 mg/kg), i.p.). Approximately 40 and 50% loss of TH-IR neurons at 9 and 20 months, respectively, was observed after exposure to LPS, suggesting that the behavioral deficit is related to loss of dopamine function in the nigra-striatal pathway. More intense immuno-staining of alpha-synuclein and inflammatory markets were detected in brain sections exposed to LPS. In conclusion, these results show that multi-LPS monthly injections can induce a delayed and progressive loss of TH-IR neurons and motor deficits which resemble the progressive nature of Parkinson's disease. Further, the present study reveals a clear sex difference: female mice are more resistant to LPS than male mice. Repeated monthly LPS injections are required to cause both motor behavioral deficits and DA neuronal loss in female mice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Liu, Yuxin; Wilson, Belinda; Wu, Xuefei; Qian, Li; Hong, Jau-Shyong] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Liu, Yuxin; Qin, Liya; Crews, Fulton T.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Bowles Ctr Alcohol Studies, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Qian, Li] Univ N Carolina, Comprehens Ctr Inflammatory Disorders, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Granholm, Ann-Charlotte] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Hong, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Neuropharmacol Sect, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM hong3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [AG023630, P01 AG023630, P01 AG023630-03] NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 SI SI BP 864 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.02.014 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 366XE UT WOS:000260516100014 PM 18471886 ER PT J AU Coleman, FM AF Coleman, Frank M. TI E 40 degrees: An interpretive atlas SO ORGANIZATION & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Coleman, Frank M.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Coleman, FM (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1086-0266 J9 ORGAN ENVIRON JI Organ. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 364 EP 366 DI 10.1177/1086026608321626 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 338GQ UT WOS:000258494900011 ER PT J AU Seedang, S Fernald, AG Adams, RM Landers, DH AF Seedang, Saichon Fernald, Alexander G. Adams, Richard M. Landers, Dixon H. TI Economic analysis of water temperature reduction practices in a large river floodplain: An exploratory study of the Willamette River, Oregon SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE water temperature models; hyporheic temperature; cost-effectiveness analysis; Willamette River; floodplain restoration; economic analysis ID JOHN-DAY-RIVER; CONSERVATION EFFORTS; STREAM TEMPERATURES; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYPORHEIC FLOW; LAND-USE; BASIN; RIPARIAN; MODEL; USA AB This paper examines ecosystem restoration practices that focus on water temperature reductions in the upper mainstem Willamette River, Oregon, for the benefit of endangered salmonids and other native cold-water species. The analysis integrates hydrologic, natural science and economic models to determine the cost-effectiveness of alternative water temperature reduction strategies. A temperature model is used to simulate the effects of combinations of upstream riparian shading and flow augmentations on downstream water temperatures. Costs associated with these strategies are estimated and consist of the opportunity costs of lost agricultural production and recreation opportunities due to flow releases from an up-stream reservoir. Temperature reductions from another strategy, hyporheic flow enhancement, are also examined. Restoration strategies associated with enhanced hyporheic cooling consist of removal/reconnection of current obstacles to the creation of dynamic river channel complexity. The observed reduction of summer water temperatures associated with enhanced channel complexity indicates that restoring hyporheic flow processes is more likely to achieve cost-effective temperature reductions and meet the total maximum daily load (TMDL) target than conventional approaches that rely on increased riparian shading or/and combinations of flow augmentation. Although the costs associated with the hyporheic flow enhancement approach are substantial, the effects of such a long-term ecological improvement of the floodplain are expected to assist the recovery of salmonid Populations and provide ancillary benefits to society. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Seedang, Saichon] Michigan State Univ, Inst Water Res, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Fernald, Alexander G.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Ranges Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Adams, Richard M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Seedang, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Inst Water Res, Room 101A Manly Miles Bldg,1405 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM seedang@msu.edu FU Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at Oregon State University FX The authors are thankful to Dr Scott Wells, Dr Robert Annear and Mr Mikel McKillip at Portland State University for their assistance with the CE-QUAL-W2 water temperature model application to the mainstem Willamette River; Linda Ashkenas and the Pacific Northwest Research Consortium for helping provide the complete GIS data for the Willamette Basin; Mike McAleer and the engineering team from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District for providing data on revetment removal costs and the Willamette reservoir study; Dr JunJie Wu, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, and Dr Stephen Lancaster, Department of Geosciences, at Oregon State University for their support and providing guidance for this research. This research is partially funded through financial support from the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at Oregon State University. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 941 EP 959 DI 10.1002/rra.1112 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 353RC UT WOS:000259584900005 ER PT J AU Arku, RE Vallarino, J Dionisio, KL Willis, R Choi, H Wilson, JG Hemphill, C Agyei-Mensah, S Spengler, JD Ezzati, M AF Arku, Raphael E. Vallarino, Jose Dionisio, Kathie L. Willis, Robert Choi, Hyunok Wilson, J. Gaines Hemphill, Christina Agyei-Mensah, Samuel Spengler, John D. Ezzati, Majid TI Characterizing air pollution in two low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; biomass; urbanization; particulate matter; speciation; slum; Africa ID PARTICULATE MATTER; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; METROPOLITAN-AREA; URBAN AREAS; PM2.5; MASSACHUSETTS; EXPOSURE; INDOOR; DESIGN; HEALTH AB Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of urban population growth in the world, with a large number of urban residents living in low-income "slum" neighborhoods. We conducted a study for an initial assessment of the levels and spatial and/or temporal patterns of multiple pollutants in the ambient air in two low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Over a 3-week period we measured (i) 24-hour integrated PM10 and PM2.5 mass at four roof-top fixed sites, also used for particle speciation; (ii) continuous PM10 and PM2.5 at one fixed site; and (iii) 96-hour integrated concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 30 fixed sites. We also conducted seven consecutive days of mobile monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 mass and submicron particle count. PM10 ranged from 57.9 to 93.6 mu g/m(3) at the four sites, with a weighted average of 71.8 mu g/m(3) and PM2.5 from 22.3 to 40.2 mu g/m(3), with an average of 27.4 mu g/m(3). PM2.5/PM10 ratio at the four fixed sites ranged from 0.33 to 0.43. Elemental carbon (EC) Was 10-11% of PM2.5 mass at all four. measurement sites; organic matter (OM) formed slightly less than 50% of PM2.5 mass. Cl, K, and S had the largest elemental contributions to PM2.5 mass, and Cl, Si, Ca, Fe, and Al to coarse particles. SO2 and NO2 concentrations were almost universally lower than the US-EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), with virtually no variation across sites. There is evidence for the contributions from biomass and traffic sources, and from geological and marine non-combustion sources to particle pollution. The implications of the results for future urban air pollution monitoring and measurement in developing countries are discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vallarino, Jose; Dionisio, Kathie L.; Choi, Hyunok; Hemphill, Christina; Spengler, John D.; Ezzati, Majid] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Arku, Raphael E.; Agyei-Mensah, Samuel] Univ Ghana, Dept Geog & Resource Dev, Legon, Accra, Ghana. [Dionisio, Kathie L.; Choi, Hyunok; Wilson, J. Gaines; Ezzati, Majid] Harvard Univ, Initiat Global Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Willis, Robert] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Agyei-Mensah, Samuel] Univ Ghana, Environm Sci Program, Legon, Accra, Ghana. RP Ezzati, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,SPH1,1107, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM majid_ezzati@harvard.edu FU National Science Foundation [0527536]; Harvard NIEHS Center for Environmental Health FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant 0527536). Laboratory support was provided by the Harvard NIEHS Center for Environmental Health. We thank the residents of Nima and James Town/Usher Town for their hospitality, the members of the Nima-Mamobi Federation of Youth Clubs for field assistance, the Legal Resources Center (LRC) and the Department of Geography and Resource Development at the University of Ghana for valuable help with logistical arrangements. We thank Aaron Cohen for valuable discussions. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 402 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.042 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347HF UT WOS:000259130500009 PM 18565573 ER PT J AU Radio, NM Breier, JM Shafer, TJ Mundy, WR AF Radio, Nicholas M. Breier, Joseph M. Shafer, Timothy J. Mundy, William R. TI Assessment of chemical effects on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells using high content screening SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE alternatives to animal testing; cell culture; neurotoxicity ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; IN-VITRO; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; VALPROIC ACID; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPOSURE; METHYLMERCURY; TOXICITY AB Identification of chemicals that pose a hazard to the developing nervous system is the first step in reducing human exposure and preventing health risks to infants and children. In response to the need for more efficient methods to identify potential developmental neurotoxicants, the present study evaluated the utility of an automated high content screening system to detect chemical effects on neurite outgrowth in Neuroscreen-1 cells (NS-1), a subclone of PC12 cells. Plating 2000 NS-1 cells per well with 100 ng/ml nerve growth factor for 96 h produced optimal neurite growth in a 96-well format. Using this protocol, five chemicals that had been previously shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells were examined. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth (assessed as total neurite length per cell) was observed for all five chemicals. For three of the chemicals, inhibition was associated with decreased cell viability. To demonstrate the utility of this approach for screening, a further set of chemicals (eight known in vivo developmental neurotoxicants and eight chemicals with little evidence of in vivo neurotoxicity) were tested over a wide concentration range (1nM-100 mu M). Trans-retinoic acid, dexamethasone, cadmium, and methylmercury inhibited neurite outgrowth, although dexamethasone and cadmium only affected neurite outgrowth at concentrations that decreased viability. Amphetamine facilitated neurite outgrowth, whereas valproic acid, diphenylhydantoin, and lead had no effect. Of the chemicals that were not neurotoxic, there were no effects on cell viability, but two (dimethyl phthalate and omeprazole) increased neurite outgrowth at the highest concentration tested. These results demonstrate that a high content screening system can rapidly quantify chemical effects on neurite outgrowth in vitro. Concentration-response data for both neurite outgrowth and cell viability allowed for the determination of the specificity of chemical effects on a neurodevelopmental endpoint. Further studies will examine the utility of other in vitro preparations for cell-based assays of neurite outgrowth. C1 [Radio, Nicholas M.; Shafer, Timothy J.; Mundy, William R.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Breier, Joseph M.] Univ N Carolina, UNC Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 65 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 106 EP 118 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn114 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 335YN UT WOS:000258331600012 PM 18539913 ER PT J AU Breier, JM Radio, NM Mundy, WR Shafer, TJ AF Breier, Joseph M. Radio, Nicholas M. Mundy, William R. Shafer, Timothy J. TI Development of a high-throughput screening assay for chemical effects on proliferation and viability of immortalized human neural progenitor cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE neural progenitor cells; human; high-throughput screening ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; IN-VITRO; VALPROIC ACID; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; CYCLE PROGRESSION; PRIMARY CULTURES; OCHRATOXIN-A AB There is considerable public concern that the majority of commercial chemicals have not been evaluated for their potential to cause developmental neurotoxicity. Although several chemicals are assessed annually under the current developmental neurotoxicity guidelines, time, resource, and animal constraints prevent testing of large numbers of chemicals using this approach. Thus, incentive is mounting to develop in vitro methods to screen chemicals for their potential to harm the developing human nervous system. As an initial step toward this end, the present studies evaluated an automated, high-throughput method for screening chemical effects on proliferation and viability using ReNcell CX cells, a human neural progenitor cell (hNPC) line. ReNcell CX cells doubled in similar to 36 h and expressed the neural progenitor markers nestin and SOX2. High-throughput assays for cell proliferation (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation) and viability (propidium iodide exclusion) were optimized and tested using known antiproliferative compounds. The utility of this in vitro screen was evaluated further using a set of compounds containing eight known to cause developmental neurotoxicity and eight presumably nontoxic compounds. Six out of eight developmental neurotoxicants significantly inhibited ReNcell CX cell proliferation and/or viability, whereas two out of eight nontoxic chemicals caused only minimal effects. These results demonstrate that chemical effects on cell proliferation and viability can be assessed via high-throughput methods using hNPCs. Further development of this approach as part of a strategy to screen compounds for potential effects on nervous system development is warranted. C1 [Radio, Nicholas M.; Mundy, William R.; Shafer, Timothy J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Breier, Joseph M.] Univ N Carolina, UNC Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shafer, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, B105-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM shafer.tim@epa.gov RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013; OI Shafer, Timothy/0000-0002-8069-9987 NR 77 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn115 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 335YN UT WOS:000258331600013 PM 18550602 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Wilson, VS Furr, J Lambright, CR Rider, CV Blystone, CR Hotchkiss, AK Gray, LE AF Howdeshell, Kembra L. Wilson, Vickie S. Furr, Johnathan Lambright, Christy R. Rider, Cynthia V. Blystone, Chad R. Hotchkiss, Andrew K. Gray, Leon Earl, Jr. TI A mixture of five phthalate esters inhibits fetal testicular testosterone production in the sprague-dawley rat in a cumulative, dose-additive manner SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE androgens; prenatal; reproductive tract; phthalates; cumulative risk; structure activity relationship ID N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; ALTERS SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; DIBUTYL PHTHALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE AB Phthalate diesters are chemicals to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. Exposure to certain phthalates during sexual differentiation causes reproductive tract malformations in male rats. In the fetal rat, exposure to the phthalates benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di(n)butyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) decreases testicular testosterone production and insulin-like 3 hormone mRNA levels. We characterized the dose-response effects of six individual phthalates (BBP, DBP, DEHP, diethyl phthalate [DEP], diisobutyl phthalate [DiBP], and dipentyl phthalate [DPP]) on gestation day (GD) 18 testicular testosterone production following exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats on GD 8-18. BBP, DBP, DEHP, and DiBP were equipotent (ED50 of 440 +/- 16 mg/kg/day), DPP was about threefold more potent (ED50 = 130 mg/kg/day) and DEP had no effect on fetal testosterone production. We hypothesized that coadministration of these five antiandrogenic phthalates would reduce testosterone production in a dose-additive fashion because they act via a common mode of toxicity. In a second study, dams were dosed at 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10, 5, or 0% of the mixture. The top dose contained 1300 mg of total phthalates/kg/day including BBP, DBP, DEHP, DiBP (300 mg/kg/day per chemical), and DPP (100 mg DPP/kg/day). This mixture ratio was selected such that each phthalate would contribute equally to the reduction in testosterone. As hypothesized, testosterone production was reduced in a dose-additive manner. Several of the individual phthalates and the mixture also induced fetal mortality, due to pregnancy loss. These data demonstrate that individual phthalates with a similar mechanism of action can elicit cumulative, dose additive effects on fetal testosterone production and pregnancy when administered as a mixture. C1 [Gray, Leon Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD,RTD MD72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rider, Cynthia V.; Blystone, Chad R.; Hotchkiss, Andrew K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, US EPA, Cooperat Training Program Grant CT82651210, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, NHEERL, ORD,RTD MD72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Gray.earl@epa.gov OI Wilson, Vickie/0000-0003-1661-8481 NR 38 TC 180 Z9 189 U1 7 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn077 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 335YN UT WOS:000258331600016 PM 18411233 ER PT J AU Das, KP Grey, BE Zehr, RD Wood, CR Butenhoff, JL Chang, SC Ehresman, DJ Tan, YM Lau, C AF Das, Kaberi P. Grey, Brian E. Zehr, Robert D. Wood, Carmen R. Butenhoff, John L. Chang, Shu-Ching Ehresman, David J. Tan, Yu-Mei Lau, Christopher TI Effects of perfluorobutyrate exposure during pregnancy in the mouse SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorobutyrate; mouse; pregnancy; developmental toxicity ID PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; PEROXISOMAL BETA-OXIDATION; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PPAR-ALPHA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NEONATAL-MORTALITY AB Perfluorobutyrate (PFBA) is a perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) found in the environment. Previous studies have indicated developmental toxicity of PFAAs (perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoate [PFOA]); the current study examines that of PFBA. PFBA/NH(4)(+) was given to timed-pregnant CD-1 mice by oral gavage daily from gestational day (GD) 1 to 17 at 35, 175, or 350 mg/kg (chosen to approximate the developmentally toxic doses of PFOA); controls received water. At GD 18, serum levels of PFBA were 3.8, 4.4, and 2.5 mu g/ml, respectively, in the three treated groups. PFBA did not significantly affect maternal weight gain, number of implantations, fetal viability, fetus weight, or incidence of fetal malformations. Incidence of full-litter loss was significantly greater in the 350 mg/kg group, and maternal liver weights were significantly increased in the 175 and 350 mg/kg groups. In contrast to PFOA and PFOS, PFBA exposure during pregnancy did not adversely affect neonatal survival or postnatal growth. Liver enlargement was detected in the PFBA-exposed pups on postnatal day (PD) 1, but not by PD 10. Expression of selected hepatic genes in PFBA-exposed pups at PD 1 did not reveal any significant changes from controls. A significant delay in eye-opening in offspring was detected in all three PFBA groups, and slight delays in the onset of puberty were noted in the 175 and 350 mg/kg groups. These data suggest that exposure to PFBA during pregnancy in the mouse did not produce developmental toxicity comparable to that observed with PFOA, in part, due to rapid elimination of the chemical. C1 [Das, Kaberi P.; Grey, Brian E.; Zehr, Robert D.; Wood, Carmen R.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Butenhoff, John L.; Chang, Shu-Ching; Ehresman, David J.] 3M Corp, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Tan, Yu-Mei] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Mail Drop 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn099 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 335YN UT WOS:000258331600018 PM 18511431 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Wu, JF Zawia, NH Kodavanti, PRS AF Royland, Joyce E. Wu, Jinfang Zawia, Nasser H. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI Gene expression profiles in the cerebellum and hippocampus following exposure to a neurotoxicant, Aroclor 1254: Developmental effects SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 06-10, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Toxicol DE polychlorinated biphenyls; genomics; nervous system; development; Aroclor 1254; learning and memory ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; DISCRIMINATION-REVERSAL; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; COMMERCIAL MIXTURE; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; RAT CEREBELLUM; IN-UTERO; CHILDREN AB The developmental consequences of exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been widely studied, making PCBs a unique model to understand issues related to environmental mixture of persistent chemicals. PCB exposure in humans adversely affects neurocognitive development, causes psychomotor difficulties, and contributes to attention deficits in children, all of which seem to be associated with altered patterns of neuronal connectivity. In the present study, we examined gene expression profiles in the rat nervous system following PCB developmental exposure. Pregnant rats (Long-Evans) were dosed perinatally with 0 or 6 mg/kg/day of Aroclor 1254 from gestation day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21. Gene expression in cerebellum and hippocampus from PND7 and PND14 animals was analyzed with an emphasis on developmental aspects. Changes in gene expression (>= 1.5 fold) in control animals identified normal developmental changes. These basal levels of expression were compared to data from Aroclor 1254-treated animals to determine the impact of gestational PCB exposure on developmental parameters. The results indicate that the expression of a number of developmental genes related to cell cycle, synaptic function, cell maintenance, and neurogenesis is significantly altered from PND7 to PND14. Aroclor 1254 treatment appears to dampen the overall growth-related gene expression levels in both regions with the effect being more pronounced in the cerebellum. Functional analysis suggests that Aroclor 1254 delays maturation of the developing nervous system, with the consequences dependent on the ontological state of the brain area and the functional role of the individual gene. Such changes may underlie learning and memory deficits observed in PCB exposed animals and humans. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wu, Jinfang; Zawia, Nasser H.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed Sci & Pharmaceut, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, B 105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 231 IS 2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.022 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 350DU UT WOS:000259333600005 PM 18602129 ER PT J AU Royland, JE Kodavanti, PRS AF Royland, Joyce E. Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S. TI Gene expression profiles following exposure to a developmental neurotoxicant, Aroclor 1254: Pathway analysis for possible mode(s) of action SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 06-10, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Toxicol DE polychlorinated biphenyls; genomics; nervous system development; Aroclor 1254; learning and memory; mode of action; calcium signaling ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AROCLOR-1254; THYROID-HORMONE; PCB MIXTURE; RAT CEREBELLUM; ONTOGENIC ALTERATIONS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CORTICAL-NEURONS AB Epidemiological studies indicate that low levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure can adversely affect neurocognitive development. In animal models, perturbations in calcium signaling, neurotransmitters, and thyroid hormones have been postulated as potential mechanisms for PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. In order to understand the role of these proposed mechanisms and to identify other mechanisms in PCB-induced neurotoxicity, we have chosen a global approach utilizing oligonucleotide microarrays to examine gene expression profiles in the brain following developmental exposure to Aroclor 1254 (0 or 6 mg/kg/day from gestation day 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21) in Long-Evans rats. Gene expression levels in the cerebellum and hippocampus from PNDs 7 and 14 animals were determined on Affymetrix rat 230A_2.0 chips. In the cerebellum, 87 transcripts were altered at PND7 compared to 27 transcripts at PND14 by Aroclor 1254 exposure, with only one transcript affected at both ages. In hippocampus, 175 transcripts and 50 transcripts were altered at PND7 and PND14, respectively, by Aroclor 1254 exposure with five genes commonly affected. Functional analysis suggests that pathways related to calcium homeostasis (Gng3, Ryr2, Trdn, Cacna1a), intracellular signaling (Camk2d, Stk17b, Pacsin2, Ryr2, Trio, Fert2, Ptk2b), axonal guidance (Lum, Mxd3, Akap11, Gucy1b3), aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling (Nfia, Col1a2), and transcripts involved in cell proliferation (Gspt2, Cdkn1c, Ptk2b) and differentiation (Ifitm31, Hpca, Zfp260, Igsf4a, Hes5) leading to the development of nervous system were significantly altered by Aroclor 1254 exposure. Of the two brain regions examined, Aroclor 1254-induced genomic changes were greater in the hippocampus than the cerebellum. The genomic data suggests that PCB-induced neurotoxic effects were due to disruption of normal ontogenetic pattern of nervous system growth and development by altering intracellular signaling pathways but not by endocrine disruption. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Royland, Joyce E.; Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.] US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kodavanti, PRS (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL,ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM kodavanti.prasada@epa.gov NR 72 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 231 IS 2 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.023 PG 18 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 350DU UT WOS:000259333600006 PM 18602130 ER PT J AU Chen, PJ Moore, T Nesnow, S AF Chen, Pei-Jen Moore, Tanya Nesnow, Stephen TI Cytotoxic effects of propiconazole and its metabolites in mouse and human hepatoma cells and primary mouse hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE propiconazole; conazole; Hepa1c1c7; HepG2; primary mouse hepatocytes; cytotoxicity; LogP; MTT; neutral red ID TRIAZOLE CONAZOLE FUNGICIDES; LIVER TUMORS; COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; RAT HEPATOCYTES; HEPG2 CELLS; TOXICITY; RELEVANCE; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; MYCLOBUTANIL AB Propiconazole is a triazole-containing fungicide that is used agriculturally on grasses, fruits, grains, seeds, hardwoods, and conifers, Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals. The goal of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic responses of propiconazole and its metabolites to determine if metabolism of this agent differentially affected its cytotoxic activities in hepatic tumor cell lines and in primary hepatocytes. To this end the cytotoxic effects of propiconazole and five of its metabolites were examined in three hepatic cell types: The mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cell line, the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, and primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. We initially compared the responses of propiconazole exposure in both Hepa1c1c7 and HepG2 cell lines over a concentration range of 0-200 mu M using two assay systems: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the neutral red assay. Concentration-related cytotoxic responses were evident in both cell lines using both endpoints with the MTT assay providing enhanced sensitivity. The relative cytotoxic effects of propiconazole and five propiconazole metabolites were further assessed by the MTT assay using Hepa1c1c7 and HepG2 tumor cell lines. The cell cultures were exposed to various concentrations of propiconazole and five of its metabolites over a range of 0-400 mu M. Propiconazole was cytotoxic in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. All five metabolites were less cytotoxic in both cell lines compared to the parent compound. The most cytotoxic metabolites in Hepa1c1c7 and HepG2 cells among the five were 3-(2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)propan-1-ol and 1-(2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)propan-2-ol. Propiconazole was cytotoxic in primary mouse hepatocytes; however none of the five propiconazole metabolites exerted cytotoxic activities. There was a linear relationship between the cLogP and the cytotoxic effects of propiconazole and its five metabolites in Hepa1c1c7 cells. We conclude that these propiconazole metabolites would not contribute to the propiconazole-induced cytotoxicity process in primary mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, since in tumor cell lines the metabolites were less cytotoxic than the parent propiconazole, our results suggest that in the tumorigenesis process as tumor cells are formed they would be more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of propiconazole compared to the metabolites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Pei-Jen; Moore, Tanya; Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Chen, Pei-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, B143-06,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM nesnow.stephen@epa.gov OI CHEN, PEI-JEN/0000-0001-6036-4576 FU National Research Council Associateship; US EPA FX We thank Doug Wolf, Susan Hester, and Julian Preston for their excellent reviews of the manuscript. We thank Kathleen Wallace for her assistance with the cell culture assays. We also thank Dr. John Kenneke of the US EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory-Athens for the propiconazole metabolites. This research was performed while P.-J. Chen held a National Research Council Associateship Award at the US EPA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1476 EP 1483 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.05.001 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 353DW UT WOS:000259547300008 PM 18585002 ER PT J AU Su, CM Puls, RW AF Su, Chunming Puls, Robert W. TI Arsenate and arsenite sorption on magnetite: Relations to groundwater arsenic treatment using zerovalent iron and natural attenuation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE arsenate and arsenite sorption; magnetite; zerovalent iron; permeable reactive barriers; natural attenuation ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; LABORATORY COLUMN TESTS; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; BANGLADESH GROUNDWATER; SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; OXIDE SURFACES; GREEN RUST; OXIDATION; REMOVAL AB Magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) is a zerovalent iron corrosion product; it is also formed in natural soil and sediment. Sorption of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) on magnetite is an important process of arsenic removal from groundwater using zerovalent iron-based permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology and natural attenuation. We tested eight magnetite samples (one from Phoenix Environmental Ltd, one from Cerac, Inc. and six from Connelly-GPM, Inc.) that contained from 79 to 100% magnetite. The magnetites were reacted in the absence of light with either As(V) or As(III) in 0.01 M NaCl at 23 degrees C at equilibrium pH 2.5-11.5 for 24 h. As(V) sorption showed a continuous drop with increasing pH from 2.5 to 11.5; whereas, As(III) sorption exhibited maxima from pH 7 to 9. Equal amounts of As(V) and As(III) were sorbed at pH 5.6-6.8. Higher amounts of As(III) were sorbed by the magnetites than As(V) at pH values greater than 6.8. The solution speciation test did not show any chemical reduction of As(V) in any magnetite suspension, which is consistent with the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study of a Connelly-GPM magnetite (CC-1048) suspension. Conversely, XPS results show that the As(III) is partially oxidized in the magnetite (CC-1048) suspension. This is also consistent with the batch test results that also show more oxidation occurring at alkaline pH. Complete oxidation of As(III) occurred in a synthetic birnessite (delta-MnO(2)) suspension after 24 h of reaction. The minute impurities of Mn (possibly as an oxide form) in the magnetite samples may have been responsible for As(III) oxidation. In addition, the structural Fe(III) in magnetite and hydroxyl radicals in solution could also serve as oxidants for As(III) oxidation. The conversion of As(III) to As(V) in the magnetite suspensions would be beneficial in a remediation scheme for As removal, since As(V) is considered less toxic than As(III). Information from the present study can help predict the sorption behavior and fate of arsenic species in engineered PRB systems and natural environments. C1 [Su, Chunming; Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Su, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM su.chunming@epa.gov NR 57 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9668-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 330RT UT WOS:000257961200007 ER PT J AU Subramanian, SB Yan, S Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY AF Subramanian, S. Bala Yan, Song Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. TI A New, Pellet-Forming Fungal Strain: Its Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Performance for Simultaneous Sludge-Solids Reduction, Flocculation, and Dewatering SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioflocculation; zeta potential; sludge volume index; capillary suction time; filamentous fungi; wastewater sludge ID WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; AEROBIC DIGESTION; BIOFLOCCULATION; DEWATERABILITY; PRETREATMENT; MECHANISMS; SETTLEABILITY; SUBSTANCES; BIOSOLIDS AB Filamentous and nonfilamentous microorganisms can cause bulking and foaming in wastewater sludge settling and dewatering. In this research, sludge degradation and bioflocculation was studied using pellet-forming filamentous fungi isolated from municipal wastewater sludge. To understand the role of filamentous fungi in sludge settling and dewatering, the isolated fungi was inoculated with both spores and pellets ( beads) into sterilized and nonsterilized sludge having different suspended-solids concentrations. Biofloc formation, sludge settling, sludge degradation, change in pH of fungal-grown medium, zeta potential, and microscopic analysis of bioflocs were performed. The suspended-solids concentration was found to decrease over 5 d of incubation because of use and biodegradation by fungal biomass. The isolated fungal strain was well adapted to forming biofloc and to interacting with natural microbial flora and exhibited low capillary-suction time for sludge dewatering. Water Environ. Res., 80, 840 ( 2008). C1 [Subramanian, S. Bala; Yan, Song; Tyagi, R. D.] Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Subramanian, SB (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM tyagi@ete.inrs.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A 4984]; Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies FX The authors sincerely thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant A 4984, Canada Research Chair) for their financial support. Thanks to the Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies to Quebec for providing Ph.D. Scholarship to S. Balasubramanian. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as the opinions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 21 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 80 IS 9 BP 840 EP 852 DI 10.2175/106143008X304703 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 375QI UT WOS:000261128000008 PM 18939607 ER PT J AU Pauer, JJ Anstead, AM Melendez, W Rossmann, R Taunt, KW Kreis, RG AF Pauer, James J. Anstead, Amy M. Melendez, Wilson Rossmann, Ronald Taunt, Katherine W. Kreis, Russell G., Jr. TI The Lake Michigan Eutrophication Model, LM3-Eutro: Model Development and Calibration SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mathematical model; Lake Michigan; eutrophication; carbon; light limitation ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENTS AB A eutrophication model developed to generate primary-production estimates in Lake Michigan can simulate 17 state variables, including three plankton classes and several nutrients. The model, known as the Lake Michigan Eutrophication model (LM3-Eutro), has a high-resolution computational grid that enables good spatial description of spring temperature and phytoplankton concentrations, which have significant gradients in the lakes. The grid also allows the model to predict concentrations in nearshore areas and other regions of interest. The model provided more accurate estimates of algal light limitation based on three-hour intervals compared to daily averages that are used in most eutrophication models, especially during sunny summer days when algal photo-inhibition often occurs. Model output was compared to field data using statistical parameters such as squares of the correlation coefficients to determine the best model fit. The calibrated model output fit the field data reasonably well for nutrients and phytoplankton, which provided confidence in the framework, governing equations, and coefficients used. Water Environ. Res., 80, 853 (2008). C1 [Pauer, James J.; Anstead, Amy M.] ICF Int Co, Z Tech, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Melendez, Wilson] Comp Sci Corp, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI USA. [Rossmann, Ronald; Kreis, Russell G., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Large Lakes, Mid Continent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Forec, Grosse Ile, MI USA. [Taunt, Katherine W.] Welso Fed Serv, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI USA. RP Pauer, JJ (reprint author), ICF Int Co, Z Tech, Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM pauer.james@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA FX The authors thank Kay Morrison for the preparation of figures and tables, Timothy Feist and Robert Ambrose for critical reviews of the paper, and Debra Caudill for assistance with document layout. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. EPA. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 8 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 80 IS 9 BP 853 EP 861 DI 10.2175/106143008X304686 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 375QI UT WOS:000261128000009 PM 18939608 ER PT J AU Van Ginkel, SW Ahn, CH Badruzzaman, M Roberts, DJ Lehman, SG Adham, SS Rittmann, BE AF Van Ginkel, Steven W. Ahn, Chang Hoon Badruzzaman, Mohammad Roberts, Deborah J. Lehman, S. Geno Adham, Samer S. Rittmann, Bruce E. TI Kinetics of nitrate and perchlorate reduction in ion-exchange brine using the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Perchlorate; H-2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR); Ion-exchange brine ID DRINKING-WATER; BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; SALT-SOLUTIONS; DENITRIFICATION; BIOREDUCTION; REMEDIATION; SELENATE; CHROMATE AB Several sources of bacterial inocula were tested for their ability to reduce nitrate and perchlorate in synthetic ion-exchange spent brine (30-45 g/L) using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). Nitrate and perchlorate removal fluxes reached as high as 5.4 gNm(-2)d(-1) and 5.0 gClO(4)m(-2)d(-1), respectively, and these values are similar to values obtained with freshwater MBfRs. Nitrate and perchlorate removal fluxes decreased with increasing salinity. The nitrate fluxes were roughly first order in H-2 pressure, but roughly zero-order with nitrate concentration. Perchlorate reduction rates were higher with lower nitrate loadings, compared to high nitrate loadings; this is a sign of competition for H-2. Nitrate and perchlorate reduction rates depended strongly on the inoculum. An inoculum that was well acclimated (years) to nitrate and perchlorate gave markedly faster removal kinetics than cultures that were acclimated for only a few months. These results underscore that the most successful MBfR bioreduction of nitrate and perchlorate in ion-exchange brine demands a well-acclimated inoculum and sufficient hydrogen availability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Ginkel, Steven W.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Van Ginkel, Steven W.; Ahn, Chang Hoon; Rittmann, Bruce E.] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Badruzzaman, Mohammad; Lehman, S. Geno; Adham, Samer S.] MWH Amer Inc, Natl Technol Grp, Arcadia, CA 91007 USA. [Roberts, Deborah J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. RP Van Ginkel, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM stevenvanginkel@yahoo.com RI Roberts, Deborah/B-2546-2010 OI Roberts, Deborah/0000-0002-0668-2001 FU Awwa Research Foundation FX We would like to thank Nick Dugan at the Environmental Protection Agency, Morton Salt (TM), Bill Johnson and his students at the University of Utah, and Douglas Barnum and others at the Salton Sea Science Office for contributing the inocula. We would also like to thank Stephanie Brown, Keith Kelty and his assistants, Heath Mash, and Thomas Speth all at the Environmental Protection Agency for the overall planning and laboratory assistance. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not, necessarily, reflect the official position and policies of the U.S. EPA. Any mention of the products or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA. The research team gratefully acknowledges that the Awwa Research Foundation are co-owners with the authors of this manuscript of certain technical information upon which this manuscript is based. The authors thank AwwaRF for their financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding the project through which this information was discovered. The comments and views detailed herein may not necessarily reflect the views of the Awwa Research Foundation, its officers, directors, affiliates or agents. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 4197 EP 4205 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 358LZ UT WOS:000259919800019 PM 18722637 ER PT J AU Lamsal, LN Martin, RV van Donkelaar, A Steinbacher, M Celarier, EA Bucsela, E Dunlea, EJ Pinto, JP AF Lamsal, L. N. Martin, R. V. van Donkelaar, A. Steinbacher, M. Celarier, E. A. Bucsela, E. Dunlea, E. J. Pinto, J. P. TI Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHILDREN; POLLUTED URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; LUNG-FUNCTION GROWTH; PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; NOX EMISSIONS; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; MODEL DESCRIPTION; REGIONAL BUDGETS; NORTH-AMERICA AB We present an approach to infer ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations by applying local scaling factors from a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-Chem) to tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Aura satellite. Seasonal mean OMI surface NO2 derived from the standard tropospheric NO2 data product (Version 1.0.5, Collection 3) varies by more than two orders of magnitude (< 0.1-> 10 ppbv) over North America. Two ground-based data sets are used to validate the surface NO2 estimate and indirectly validate the OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval: photochemical steady-state (PSS) calculations of NO2 based on in situ NO and O-3 measurements, and measurements from a commercial chemiluminescent NO2 analyzer equipped with a molybdenum converter. An interference correction algorithm for the latter is developed using laboratory and field measurements and applied using modeled concentrations of the interfering species. The OMI-derived surface NO2 mixing ratios are compared with an in situ surface NO2 data obtained from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System (AQS) and Environment Canada's National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network for 2005 after correcting for the interference in the in situ data. The overall agreement of the OMI-derived surface NO2 with the corrected in situ measurements and PSS-NO2 is -11-36%. A larger difference in winter/spring than in summer/fall implies a seasonal bias in the OMI NO2 retrieval. The correlation between the OMI-derived surface NO2 and the ground-based measurements is significant (correlation coefficient up to 0.86) with a tendency for higher correlations in polluted areas. The satellite-derived data base of ground level NO2 concentrations could be valuable for assessing exposures of humans and vegetation to NO2, supplementing the capabilities of the ground-based networks, and evaluating air quality models and the effectiveness of air quality control strategies. C1 [Lamsal, L. N.; Martin, R. V.; van Donkelaar, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA USA. [Steinbacher, M.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Swiss Fed Inst Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Celarier, E. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Pinto, J. P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lamsal, LN (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, James Dunn Bldg,Room 102, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM lok.lamsal@fizz.phys.dal.ca; randall.martin@dal.ca; aaron.van.donkelaar@dal.ca; martin.steinbacher@empa.ch; edward.a.celarier@nasa.gov; bucsela@ix.netcom.com; edward.dunlea@colorado.edu; pinto.joseph@epamail.epa.gov RI Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Lamsal, Lok/G-4781-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; FU NASA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Comision Ambiental Metropolitana (Mexico); National Science Foundation [ATM-308748, ATM-0528170, ATM-0528227]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63980, DE-FG02-05ER63982] FX We thank Ron Cohen and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. We are grateful to Michel Grutter, Armando Retama, and C. R. Ramos Villegas for their DOAS and NOx monitor data for Mexico City. We thank the OMI, AQS, and NAPS teams for making the data available. This work was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. For the MCMA field campaign, the leadership of Mario and Luisa Molina and financial support from Comision Ambiental Metropolitana (Mexico), the National Science Foundation (ATM-308748, ATM-0528170, and ATM-0528227), and the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63980 and DE-FG02-05ER63982) are gratefully acknowledged. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(tm)s (EPA) peer and administrative review policies and is approved for publication. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not represent the official policies or positions of the U.S. EPA. NR 89 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16308 DI 10.1029/2007JD009235 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342ZJ UT WOS:000258821800001 ER PT J AU Balboni, G Fiorini, S Baldisserotto, A Trapella, C Sasaki, Y Ambo, A Marczak, ED Lazarus, LH Salvadori, S AF Balboni, Gianfranco Fiorini, Stella Baldisserotto, Anna Trapella, Claudio Sasaki, Yusuke Ambo, Akihiro Marczak, Ewa D. Lazarus, Lawrence H. Salvadori, Severo TI Further studies on lead compounds containing the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID G-PROTEIN FUSIONS; RECEPTOR AGONIST; IN-VITRO; DELTA; MU; POTENT; ANTAGONISTS; ANALOGS; MICE; SELECTIVITY AB Some reference opioids containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore, especially the 6 agonists H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph (1) and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid (4) (UFP-512) were evaluated for the influence of the substitution of Gly with aspartic acid, its chirality, and the importance of the -NH-Ph and (NH)-H-1-Bid hydrogens in the inductions of delta agonism. The results provide the following conclusions: (i) Asp increases delta selectivity by lowering the mu affinity; (ii) -NH-Ph and (NH)-H-1-Bid nitrogens methylation transforms the delta agonists into delta antagonists; (iii) the substitution of Gly with L-Asp/D-Asp in the delta agonist H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph gave 6 antagonists; the same substitution in the delta agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH2-Bid yielded more selective agonists, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(R)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid; (iV) L-Asp seems important only in functional bioactivity, not in receptor affinity; (v) H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid(N-1-Me) (10) evidenced analgesia similar to 4, which was reversed by naltrindole only in the tail flick. 4 and 10 had opposite behaviours in mice; 4 caused agitation, 10 gave sedation and convulsions. C1 [Balboni, Gianfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. [Balboni, Gianfranco; Fiorini, Stella; Baldisserotto, Anna; Trapella, Claudio; Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Balboni, Gianfranco; Fiorini, Stella; Baldisserotto, Anna; Trapella, Claudio; Salvadori, Severo] Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Sasaki, Yusuke; Ambo, Akihiro] Tohoku Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818558, Japan. [Marczak, Ewa D.; Lazarus, Lawrence H.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Med Chem Grp, Pharmacol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Balboni, G (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. EM gbalboni@unica.it RI Trapella, Claudio/I-2128-2012; OI Trapella, Claudio/0000-0002-6666-143X; BALDISSEROTTO, Anna/0000-0002-2882-3530; SALVADORI, Severo/0000-0002-8224-2358 FU University of Cagliari; University of Ferrara; Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS FX This study was supported in part by the University of Cagliari (G.B.), the University of Ferrara (S.S.), and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS (L.H.L. and E.D.M.). NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 EI 1520-4804 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 16 BP 5109 EP 5117 DI 10.1021/jm800587e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 340HT UT WOS:000258637400029 PM 18680274 ER PT J AU Saper, RB Phillips, RS Sehgal, A Khouri, N Davis, RB Paquin, J Thuppil, V Kales, SN AF Saper, Robert B. Phillips, Russell S. Sehgal, Anusha Khouri, Nadia Davis, Roger B. Paquin, Janet Thuppil, Venkatesh Kales, Stefanos N. TI Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the Internet SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SUPPLEMENTS; METAL; PRODUCTS; REMEDIES AB Context Lead, mercury, and arsenic have been detected in a substantial proportion of Indian- manufactured traditional Ayurvedic medicines. Metals may be present due to the practice of rasa shastra ( combining herbs with metals, minerals, and gems). Whether toxic metals are present in both US- and Indian- manufactured Ayurvedic medicines is unknown. Objectives To determine the prevalence of Ayurvedic medicines available via the Internet containing detectable lead, mercury, or arsenic and to compare the prevalence of toxic metals in US- vs Indian- manufactured medicines and between rasa shastra and non - rasa shastra medicines. Design A search using 5 Internet search engines and the search terms Ayurveda and Ayurvedic medicine identified 25 Web sites offering traditional Ayurvedic herbs, formulas, or ingredients commonly used in Ayurveda, indicated for oral use, and available for sale. From 673 identified products, 230 Ayurvedic medicines were randomly selected for purchase in August- October 2005. Country of manufacturer/ Web site supplier, rasa shastra status, and claims of Good Manufacturing Practices were recorded. Metal concentrations were measured using x- ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of medicines with detectable toxic metals in the entire sample and stratified by country of manufacture and rasa shastra status. Results One hundred ninety- three of the 230 requested medicines were received and analyzed. The prevalence of metal- containing products was 20.7% ( 95% confidence interval [ CI], 15.2%- 27.1%). The prevalence of metals in US- manufactured products was 21.7% ( 95% CI, 14.6%- 30.4%) compared with 19.5% ( 95% CI, 11.3%-30.1%) in Indian products ( P=. 86). Rasa shastra compared with non - rasa shastra medicines had a greater prevalence of metals ( 40.6% vs 17.1%; P=. 007) and higher median concentrations of lead ( 11.5 mu g/g vs 7.0 mu g/ g; P=. 03) and mercury ( 20 800 mu g/ g vs 34.5 mu g/ g; P=. 04). Among the metal- containing products, 95% were sold by US Web sites and 75% claimed Good Manufacturing Practices. All metal-containing products exceeded 1 or more standards for acceptable daily intake of toxic metals. Conclusion One- fifth of both US- manufactured and Indian- manufactured Ayurvedic medicines purchased via the Internet contain detectable lead, mercury, or arsenic. C1 [Saper, Robert B.; Sehgal, Anusha; Khouri, Nadia] Boston Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Saper, Robert B.; Sehgal, Anusha; Khouri, Nadia] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Phillips, Russell S.; Davis, Roger B.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Phillips, Russell S.; Davis, Roger B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Res & Educ Complementary & Integrat Med Thera, Osher Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Kales, Stefanos N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Paquin, Janet] US EPA, New England Reg Lab, N Chelmsford, MA USA. [Thuppil, Venkatesh] St Johns Med Coll, Natl Referral Ctr Lead Poisoning India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Thuppil, Venkatesh] St Johns Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Kales, Stefanos N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Saper, RB (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, 1 Boston Med Ctr Pl,Dowling 5 S, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM robert.saper@bmc.org FU Career Development Award [K07 AT002915-03]; National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); National Institutes of Health; Mid-Career Investigator Award [5K24AT000589-07] FX Dr Saper is supported by a Career Development Award (K07 AT002915-03) from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institutes of Health. Dr Phillips is supported by a Mid-Career Investigator Award (5K24AT000589-07) from NCCAM. NR 21 TC 167 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 8 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1001/jama.300.8.915 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341AR UT WOS:000258687100026 PM 18728265 ER PT J AU Smith, GA Pepich, BV Munch, DJ AF Smith, Glynda A. Pepich, Barry V. Munch, David J. TI Preservation and analytical procedures for the analysis of chloro-s-triazines and their chlorodegradate products in drinking waters using direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE atrazine; desethylatrazine; desisopropylatrazine; diaminochlorotriazine; drinking water; preservation; HPLC; MS/MS ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GRAPHITIZED CARBON-BLACK; IN-GROUND WATER; CHLOROTRIAZINE METABOLITES; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SURFACE-WATER; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; DIDEALKYLATRAZINE AB A direct injection, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of the chloro-s-triazine herbicides and their degradates in finished drinking water. The target compounds in the method were selected based on their inclusion in a common mechanism group (CMG) because of their ability to induce a similar toxic effect through a common mechanism of toxicity. The target list includes the chloro-s-triazines (atrazine, simazine, cyanazine, and propazine) and their dealkylated degradates (desethylatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and diaminochlorotriazine). Potential matrix effects are minimized by the use of individual isotopically enriched internal standards. Analyte stability in finished chlorinated drinking water samples is ensured through careful selection of proper dechlorinating and antimicrobial reagents and through buffering sample pH. In the absence of proper dechlorination, the target analytes were found to degrade over a short period of time, even under refrigerated storage conditions. The final method has adequate sensitivity to accurately detect all target analytes at or below 0.1 mu g/L and displays sufficient precision and robustness to warrant publication as EPA Method 536. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Glynda A.; Pepich, Barry V.] Shaw Environm Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Munch, David J.] US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Smith, GA (reprint author), Shaw Environm Inc, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM smith.glynda@epa.gov FU EPA's Drinking Water Laboratory; United States Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-06-031] FX All work was supported on-site at the EPA's Drinking Water Laboratory located in Cincinnati, Ohio. This work has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under an on-site contract (Contract EP-C-06-031) to Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure. It has been subject to the Agency's review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 1202 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.033 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 341EK UT WOS:000258696800005 PM 18653193 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Krzyzynska, R Srivastava, RK AF Hutson, Nick D. Krzyzynska, Renata Srivastava, Ravi K. TI Simultaneous removal of SO(2), NO(x), and Hg from coal flue gas using a NaClO(2)-enhanced wet scrubber SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; SODIUM-CHLORITE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SIMULTANEOUS ABSORPTION; MERCURY ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NACLO2 SOLUTION; PACKED TOWER AB A bench-scale study was conducted on the simultaneous removal Of SO(2), NO(x), and mercury (both Hg(0) and Hg(2+)) from a simulated coal flue gas using a wet calcium carbonate scrubber. The multipollutant capacity of the scrubber was enhanced with the addition of the oxidizing salt, sodium chlorite. The results showed a maximum scrubbing of 100% for SO(2) and Hg species and near complete NO oxidation with about 60% scrubbing of the resulting NOx species. The chlorite additive was less effective as an oxidant in the absence Of SO(2) and NO in the flue gas. Oxidation of NO and mercury were only about 50% and 80%, respectively, in the case of no SO(2) in the simulated flue gas. The mercury oxidation was similarly affected by the absence of NO in the flue gas. C1 [Hutson, Nick D.; Krzyzynska, Renata] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Srivastava, Ravi K.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA's Office of Air & Radiation (OAR); Office of Research & Development (ORD); Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) [BW89938167] FX This work was supported by funding from the U.S. EPA's Office of Air & Radiation (OAR) and Office of Research & Development (ORD). Renata Krzyzynska received a postdoctoral research fellowship which was administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) through Interagency Agreement BW89938167 between the U.S. EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The authors acknowledge the contributions of Stella Payne and Craig Williams of ARCADIS, an on-site contractor to EPA/ORD in Research Triangle Park, NC. The authors also acknowledge the helpful contributions of Sikander Khan of EPA/OAR. Any mention of trade names of commercial products and companies does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 5825 EP 5831 DI 10.1021/ie800339p PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 336XO UT WOS:000258400300006 ER PT J AU Harb, N Archer, TK Sato, N AF Harb, Nicole Archer, Trevor K. Sato, Noboru TI The Rho-Rock-Myosin Signaling Axis Determines Cell-Cell Integrity of Self-Renewing Pluripotent Stem Cells SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SOMATIC-CELLS; ES CELLS; HUMAN BLASTOCYSTS; DEFINED FACTORS; MOUSE EPIBLAST; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; GTPASES; JUNCTIONS; KINASE AB Background: Embryonic stem (ES) cells self-renew as coherent colonies in which cells maintain tight cell-cell contact. Although intercellular communications are essential to establish the basis of cell-specific identity, molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic cell-cell interactions in ES cells at the signaling level remain underexplored. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show that endogenous Rho signaling is required for the maintenance of cell-cell contacts in ES cells. siRNA-mediated loss of function experiments demonstrated that Rock, a major effector kinase downstream of Rho, played a key role in the formation of cell-cell junctional assemblies through regulation of myosin II by controlling a myosin light chain phosphatase. Chemical engineering of this signaling axis by a Rock-specific inhibitor revealed that cell-cell adhesion was reversibly controllable and dispensable for self-renewal of mouse ES cells as confirmed by chimera assay. Furthermore, a novel culture system combining a single synthetic matrix, defined medium, and the Rock inhibitor fully warranted human ES cell self-renewal independent of animal-derived matrices, tight cell contacts, or fibroblastic niche-forming cells as determined by teratoma formation assay. Conclusions/Significance: These findings demonstrate an essential role of the Rho-Rock-Myosin signaling axis for the regulation of basic cell-cell communications in both mouse and human ES cells, and would contribute to advance in medically compatible xeno-free environments for human pluripotent stem cells. C1 [Harb, Nicole; Sato, Noboru] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Archer, Trevor K.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Harb, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM saton@ucr.edu FU University of California Riverside; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH [Z01 ES071006-09] FX N.S. is supported by University of California Riverside. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH project #Z01 ES071006-09 (T.K.A.). NR 62 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e3001 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003001 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422IM UT WOS:000264420900026 PM 18714354 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Al-Abed, S Dionysiou, DD AF Agarwal, Shirish Al-Abed, Souhail Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 73-PCB dechlorination with Pd/Mg bimetallic systems: Effect of position of chlorine on reaction kinetics and dechlorination pathways for select congeners SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Al-Abed, Souhail] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM agarwash@email.uc.edu; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 73-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304420 ER PT J AU Antoniou, MG Shoemaker, JA de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Antoniou, Mania G. Shoemaker, Jody A. de la Cruz, Armah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 120-Utilization of mass spectrometry for the identification of reaction intermediates formed during the photocatalytic degradation of the cyanotoxins microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Antoniou, Mania G.; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shoemaker, Jody A.; de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM antonim@email.uc.edu; shoemaker.jody@epa.gov; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 120-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304499 ER PT J AU Ayyampalayam, SN Hilal, SH Carreira, LA AF Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj N. Hilal, Said H. Carreira, L. A. TI ENVR 180-Calculating the Henry's constant of charged molecules using SPARC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj N.; Carreira, L. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hilal, Said H.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM raj@sunlc3.chem.uga.edu; Hilal.Said@epa.gov; Butch@sunlc3.chem.uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 180-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304545 ER PT J AU Budde, WL AF Budde, William L. TI ENVR 43-The struggle to have mass spectrometry accepted into USEPA analytical methods, and the impact of that success on the development of today's analytical chemistry and mass spectrometer technology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Budde, William L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM budde.william@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 43-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304508 ER PT J AU Dionysiou, DD Antoniou, MG Pelaez, M Choi, H de la Cruz, AA Shoemaker, JA AF Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Antoniou, Maria G. Pelaez, Miguel Choi, Hyeok de la Cruz, Armah A. Shoemaker, Jody A. TI ANYL 267-Application of UV and visible-light activated nanostructured TiO2 catalysts for the destruction of emerging organic contaminants in water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.; Antoniou, Maria G.; Pelaez, Miguel] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Choi, Hyeok] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [de la Cruz, Armah A.; Shoemaker, Jody A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu; antonim@email.uc.edu; pelaezma@uc.edu; choi.hyeok@epa.gov; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; shoemaker.jody@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 267-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301298 ER PT J AU Englert, BC AF Englert, Brian C. TI ENVR 173-Analytical methods for contaminants of emerging concern. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Englert, Brian C.] US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 173-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304463 ER PT J AU Evans, J AF Evans, Jeff TI AGRO 229-Presentation of standard operating procedures (SOPs): Equations and assumptions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Evans, Jeff] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 229-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300483 ER PT J AU Evans, J Zartarian, V Xue, JP Young, B Driver, JH Pandian, M Tulve, NS AF Evans, Jeff Zartarian, Valerie Xue, Jianping Young, Bruce Driver, Jeffrey H. Pandian, Muhilan Tulve, Nicolle S. TI AGRO 230-Presentation of equations, assumptions, and results for four post-application pesticide exposure models SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Evans, Jeff] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zartarian, Valerie; Xue, Jianping; Tulve, Nicolle S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Young, Bruce] Bayer CropSci, Prod Safety Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Driver, Jeffrey H.; Pandian, Muhilan] Infosci Com Inc, Manassas, VA 20111 USA. EM zartarian.valene@epa.gov; xue.jianping@epa.gov; bruce.young@bayercropscience.com; driverjh@comcast.net; muhilan@infoscientific.com; Tulve.Nicolle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 230-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300486 ER PT J AU Hannan, PJ AF Hannan, Patrick J. TI AGRO 8-Utility of a rapid method for detecting herbicide residues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hannan, Patrick J.] US EPA, NOWCC SEE Grantee, Bethesda, DC 20816 USA. EM pjjhannan@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 8-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300398 ER PT J AU He, YT Wilson, JT Wilkin, RT AF He, Y. Thomas Wilson, John T. Wilkin, Richard T. TI GEOC 56-Iron mineral transformation in a permeable reactive biowall: Column and field experiments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [He, Y. Thomas; Wilson, John T.; Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Groundwater & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM he.yongtian@epa.gov; wilkin.nick@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 56-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304781 ER PT J AU Hilal, SH Saravanaraj, AN Carreira, LA AF Hilal, S. H. Saravanaraj, A. N. Carreira, L. A. TI ENVR 177-Estimation of Henry's law constant for a diverse set of organic compounds from molecular structure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hilal, S. H.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Saravanaraj, A. N.; Carreira, L. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM butch@sunlc3.chem.uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 177-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304446 ER PT J AU Isaacson, CW Field, JA AF Isaacson, Carl W. Field, Jennifer A. TI ENVR 10-Development of mass spectrometric ionization methods for fullerenes and fullerene derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Isaacson, Carl W.] US EPA, Coll Stn 960, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Field, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Isaacson.Carl@epa.gov; Jennifer.field@orst.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 10-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304443 ER PT J AU Jacobs, LE Fimmen, RL Mash, HE Weavers, LK Chin, YP AF Jacobs, Laura E. Fimmen, Ryan L. Mash, Heath E. Weavers, Linda K. Chin, Yu-Ping TI ENVR 74-Ibuprofen photolysis: Reaction kinetics, chemical mechanism, byproduct analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jacobs, Laura E.] Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fimmen, Ryan L.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mash, Heath E.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Weavers, Linda K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chin, Yu-Ping] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lauraejacobs@yahoo.com; weavers.1@osu.edu; yo@geology.ohio-state.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 74-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304428 ER PT J AU Kong, LJ Tedrow, O Zepp, R AF Kong, Lingjun Tedrow, O'Niell Zepp, Richard TI ENVR 13-Spectroscopic and photochemical poperties of water-soluble fullerenol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kong, Lingjun] ERD, Natl Res Council Associate, US EPA, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tedrow, O'Niell] US EPA, Student Serv, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kong.lynn@epa.gov; zepp.richard@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 13-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304453 ER PT J AU Levine, KE Essader, AS Perlmutter, JM Ross, GT Fernando, RA Collins, BJ AF Levine, Keith E. Essader, Amal S. Perlmutter, Jason M. Ross, Glenn T. Fernando, Reshan A. Collins, Brad J. TI ANYL 167-Development and validation of a simple and rapid analytical method for determination of chromium in feces and urine from rats and mice exposed to sodium dichromate dihydrate and chromium picolinate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Collins, Brad J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Levine, Keith E.; Essader, Amal S.; Perlmutter, Jason M.; Ross, Glenn T.; Fernando, Reshan A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM levine@rti.org; asessader@rti.org; jmperlmu@rti.org; gtr@rti.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 167-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301105 ER PT J AU Ma, X Bouchard, D AF Ma, Xin Bouchard, Dermont TI COLL 152-Deposition of colloidal fullerenes on polar and nonpolar surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ma, Xin; Bouchard, Dermont] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ma.cissy@epa.gov; bouchard.dermont@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 152-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303575 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Bialek, K Fulton, M Leight, AK Allen, G AF McConnell, Laura L. Rice, Clifford P. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Bialek, Krystyna Fulton, Michael Leight, Andrew K. Allen, Greg TI AGRO 171-Pesticides in tidal regions of Chesapeake Bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McConnell, Laura L.; Rice, Clifford P.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Bialek, Krystyna] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fulton, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Leight, Andrew K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Allen, Greg] US Environm Protect Agcy Reg III, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM laura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov; cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov; Mike.Fulton@noaa.gov; allen.greg@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 171-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300584 ER PT J AU Nadagouda, MN Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI POLY 200-Microwave-assisted transformations and synthesis of polymer nanocomposites and nanomaterials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.] Pagasus Tech Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; Varma.Rajender@epa.gov2 RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 200-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308084 ER PT J AU Pelaez, M de la Cruz, AA Dionysiou, DD AF Pelaez, Miguel de la Cruz, Annah A. Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI ENVR 39-Visible light-activated TiO2 photocatalytic films: Synthesis, characterization and environmental application for the destruction of microcystin-LR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pelaez, Miguel; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [de la Cruz, Annah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM pelaezma@uc.edu; delacruz.armah@epamail.epa.gov; dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 39-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304530 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI ORGN 82-Synthesis of Pd-N-heterocyclic carbene Pd-catalyst and its application in MW-assisted Heck and Suzuki reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 82-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256309513 ER PT J AU Polshettiwar, V Varma, RS AF Polshettiwar, Vivek Varma, Rajender S. TI ORGN 164-Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of ring-fused aminals under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Polshettiwar, Vivek; Varma, Rajender S.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM polshettiwar.vivek@epa.gov; varma.rajender@epa.gov RI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/D-3159-2012 OI POLSHETTIWAR, VIVEK/0000-0003-1375-9668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 164-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256309507 ER PT J AU Sahle-Demessie, E Devulapelli, VG AF Sahle-Demessie, E. Devulapelli, Venu Gopal TI ENVR 22-Oxidation of organic air pollutants using combined catalysis and ozone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sahle-Demessie, E.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, ORD, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM sahle-demessie.endalkachew@epamail.epa.gov; gopal.venu@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 22-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304489 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Ross, JH Egeghy, PP Lunchick, C Barnekow, DE Driver, JH AF Tulve, Nicolle S. Ross, John H. Egeghy, Peter P. Lunchick, Curt Barnekow, David E. Driver, Jeffrey H. TI AGRO 222-Relationships between environmental concentrations and measured urinary biomarker levels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tulve, Nicolle S.; Egeghy, Peter P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ross, John H.; Driver, Jeffrey H.] Infosci Com Inc, Carmichael, CA 95608 USA. [Lunchick, Curt] Bayer CropSci, Prod Safety Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barnekow, David E.] Dow AgroSci, Environm Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM Tulve.Nicolle@epa.gov; jhross@surewest.net; egeghy.peter@epa.gov; curt.lunchick@bayercropscience.com; debarnekow@dow.com; driverjh@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 222-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300484 ER PT J AU Vander Wal, RL Bryg, VM Hays, MD AF Vander Wal, Randall L. Bryg, Vicky M. Hays, Michael D. TI FUEL 143-Combustion produced carbonaceous particulate: Chemical composition and physical nanostructure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vander Wal, Randall L.; Bryg, Vicky M.] NASA Glenn, USRA, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Randall.L.VanderWal@grc.nasa.gov; hays.michael@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 143-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304624 ER PT J AU Putnam, RA Doherty, JJ Clark, JM AF Putnam, Raymond A. Doherty, Jeffery J. Clark, J. Marshall TI Golfer exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbaryl following application to turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; carbaryl; chlorpyrifos; dosimetry; golf; turfgrass ID PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; DERMAL ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; RESIDUES; URINE; DOSIMETRY; VOLATILE; ROLLER; SKIN AB Exposure of golfers to pesticides following their application to turfgrass is of concern to regulators, turfgrass professionals, and consumers. Multipathway exposures were evaluated for golfers on turfgrass treated with chlorpyrifos and carbaryl. Air concentrations and transferable foliar residues (TFRs) were measured to assess potential respiratory and dermal exposures, respectively. At the same time, exposure to individuals simulating the play of golf was determined by dosimetry and urinary biomonitoring. Individual golfer exposure was determined in 76 rounds of golf following eight applications of chlorpyrifos and two applications of carbaryl. Estimated exposures to golfers following full course and full rate applications of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl were 19-68 times below current U.S. EPA acute reference dose (Rfd) values, indicating safe exposures under U.S. EPA hazard quotient criteria. Dermal exposure was determined to be the dominant exposure pathway to golfers, accounting for similar to 60% of the chlorpyrifos absorbed dose and 100% of the carbaryl absorbed dose. This study also provides a set of transfer factors (TFs) that may be used to determine dermal exposure of golfers to pesticides using transferable residue data. C1 [Putnam, Raymond A.; Doherty, Jeffery J.; Clark, J. Marshall] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Massachusetts Pesticide Anal Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Putnam, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Congress St,Suite 1100 SEP, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM putnam.raymond@epa.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6616 EP 6622 DI 10.1021/jf800359b PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300082 PM 18598045 ER PT J AU Faulkner, BR AF Faulkner, B. R. TI Bayesian modeling of the assimilative capacity component of nutrient total maximum daily loads SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2 SMALL STREAMS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; HEADWATER STREAMS; FOREST STREAM; WATER-QUALITY; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; URBAN STREAMS AB Implementing stream restoration techniques and best management practices to reduce nonpoint source nutrients implies enhancement of the assimilative capacity for the stream system. In this paper, a Bayesian method for evaluating this component of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) load capacity is developed and applied. The joint distribution of nutrient retention metrics from a literature review of 495 measurements was used for Monte Carlo sampling with a process transfer function for nutrient attenuation. Using the resulting histograms of nutrient retention, reference prior distributions were developed for sites in which some of the metrics contributing to the transfer function were measured. Contributing metrics for the prior include stream discharge, cross-sectional area, fraction of storage volume to free stream volume, denitrification rate constant, storage zone mass transfer rate, dispersion coefficient, and others. Confidence of compliance (CC) that any given level of nutrient retention has been achieved is also determined using this approach. The shape of the CC curve is dependent on the metrics measured and serves in part as a measure of the information provided by the metrics to predict nutrient retention. It is also a direct measurement, with a margin of safety, of the fraction of export load that can be reduced through changing retention metrics. For an impaired stream in western Oklahoma, a combination of prior information and measurement of nutrient attenuation was used to illustrate the proposed approach. This method may be considered for TMDL implementation. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. RP Faulkner, BR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 9 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 AR W08415 DI 10.1029/2007WR006638 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 336DJ UT WOS:000258344200003 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Karunanithi, AT AF Cabezas, Heriberto Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. TI Fisher information, entropy, and the second and third laws of thermodynamics SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We propose Fisher information as a new calculable thermodynamic property that can be shown to follow the second and third laws of thermodynamics. However, Fisher information is qualitatively different from entropy and potentially possesses much more structure. Hence, a mathematical expression is derived for computing the Fisher information of a system of many molecules from the canonical partition function. This development is further illustrated through the derivation of Fisher information expressions for a pure ideal gas and an ideal gas mixture. Some of the unique properties of Fisher information are then explored through the classic experiment of the isochoric mixing of two ideal gases. Note that, although the entropy of isochorically mixing two ideal gases is always positive and is dependent only on the respective mole fractions of the two gases, the Fisher information of mixing has far more structure, involving the mole numbers, molecular masses, temperature, and volume. Although the application of Fisher information to molecular systems is clearly in its infancy, it is hoped that the present work will catalyze further investigation into a new and truly unique line of thought on thermodynamics. C1 [Cabezas, Heriberto; Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heribeno@epa.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 5243 EP 5249 DI 10.1021/ie7017756 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 332IA UT WOS:000258075500031 ER PT J AU Herndon, SC Onasch, TB Wood, EC Kroll, JH Canagaratna, MR Jayne, JT Zavala, MA Knighton, WB Mazzoleni, C Dubey, MK Ulbrich, IM Jimenez, JL Seila, R de Gouw, JA de Foy, B Fast, J Molina, LT Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR AF Herndon, Scott C. Onasch, Timothy B. Wood, Ezra C. Kroll, Jesse H. Canagaratna, Manjula R. Jayne, John T. Zavala, Miguel A. Knighton, W. Berk Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra K. Ulbrich, Ingrid M. Jimenez, Jose L. Seila, Robert de Gouw, Joost A. de Foy, Benjamin Fast, Jerome Molina, Luisa T. Kolb, Charles E. Worsnop, Douglas R. TI Correlation of secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in Mexico City SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; NOX AB Photochemically processed urban emissions were characterized at a mountain top location, free from local sources, within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Analysis of the Mexico City emission plume demonstrates a strong correlation between secondary organic aerosol and odd oxygen (O(3) + NO(2)). The measured oxygenated-organic aerosol correlates with odd oxygen measurements with an apparent slope of (104-180) mu g m(-3) ppmv(-1) (STP) and r(2) > 0.9. The dependence of the observed proportionality on the gas-phase hydrocarbon profile is discussed. The observationally-based correlation between oxygenated organic aerosol mass and odd oxygen may provide insight into poorly understood secondary organic aerosol production mechanisms by leveraging knowledge of gas-phase ozone production chemistry. These results suggest that global and regional models may be able to use the observed proportionality to estimate SOA as a co-product of modeled O(3) production until more complete models of SOA formation become available. C1 [Herndon, Scott C.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Wood, Ezra C.; Kroll, Jesse H.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Jayne, John T.; Kolb, Charles E.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [de Foy, Benjamin] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knighton, W. Berk] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zavala, Miguel A.; Molina, Luisa T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Seila, Robert] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zavala, Miguel A.; Molina, Luisa T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mazzoleni, Claudio; Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ulbrich, Ingrid M.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fast, Jerome] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herndon, SC (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM herndon@aerodyne.com; onasch@aerodyne.com; ezrawood@aerodyne.com; kroll@aerodyne.com; mrcana@aerodyne.com; jayne@aerodyne.com; miguelz@mit.edu; bknighton@chemistry.montana.edu; robert@epamail.epa.gov; joost.degouw@noaa.gov; bdefoy@slu.edu; ltmolina@mit.edu; kolb@aerodyne.com; worsnop@aerodyne.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 23 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15804 DI 10.1029/2008GL034058 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336BB UT WOS:000258338200001 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ White, D AF Lawler, J. J. White, D. TI Assessing the mechanisms behind successful surrogates for biodiversity in conservation planning SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE surrogates; reserve selection; biodiversity; rare species; environmental diversity; site selection; indicators ID SPECIES-RICHNESS PATTERNS; RESERVE SELECTION; INDICATOR GROUPS; ENVIRONMENTAL DIVERSITY; EFFICIENT CONSERVATION; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; VASCULAR PLANTS; AREAS; NETWORKS; COMPLEMENTARITY AB Limited by the availability of data, conservation planners must use surrogates for biodiversity when selecting conservation areas. Although several methods have been proposed for selecting surrogates, no clear set of species attributes have been described that allow for the efficient a priori selection of surrogate groups. We used a database of 1449 species in two regions of the United States to (1) examine the consistency in the performance of simple taxonomic-based surrogates of biodiversity and (2) test five hypotheses proposed to explain surrogate performance. First, we compared the ability of sites selected to protect members of seven surrogate groups to protect non-surrogate species in the north-western United States and in the Middle-Atlantic region of the eastern United States. Then, in a separate analysis, we tested whether surrogate performance could be explained by (1) taxonomic diversity; (2) nested species distributions; (3) hotspots of biodiversity; (4) species range sizes; (5) environmental diversity. Our first analysis revealed little consistency in the performance of surrogates in the two different study regions. For example, butterflies provided protection for 76% of all other species in the north-western United States but only 56% of all other species in the eastern United States. Our second analysis revealed only weak associations between species characteristics and surrogate performance. Furthermore, these associations proved inadequate for selecting successful surrogates across study regions. Overall, our results suggest that in lieu of searching for optimal surrogate groups, research efforts will be better spent by developing alternative methods for assessing conservation value in areas where data on species distributions are limited. C1 [Lawler, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, D.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlawler@u.washington.edu NR 65 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 270 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00176.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331BG UT WOS:000257987100006 ER PT J AU Crump, KS Chen, C Fox, JF Landingham, C Subramaniam, R AF Crump, Kenny S. Chen, Chao Fox, John F. Landingham, Cynthiavan Subramaniam, Ravi TI Sensitivity analysis of biologically motivated model for formaldehyde-induced respiratory cancer in humans SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE formaldehyde; nasal cancer; quantitative risk assessment; respiratory cancer; sensitivity analysis; two-stage clonal expansion model ID PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; DOSE-RESPONSE; FLUX PREDICTIONS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RHESUS-MONKEYS; LONG-TERM; F344 RAT; CARCINOGENESIS AB Conolly et al. (2003, 2004) developed biologically motivated models of formaldehyde carcinogenicity in F344 rats and humans based on a two-stage clonal expansion model of cancer. Based on the human model, Conolly et al. (2004) claimed that cancer risks associated with inhaled formaldehyde are deminimis at relevant human exposure levels. However, they did not conduct a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of this conclusion. Here, we present a limited sensitivity analysis of the formaldehyde human model. We show that when the control animals from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies are replaced with control animals only from NTP inhalation studies, estimates of human risk are increased by 50-fold. When only concurrent control rats are used, the model does not provide any upper bound (UB) to human risk. No data went into the model on the effect of formaldehyde on the division rates and death rates of initiated cells. We show that slight numerical perturbations to the Conolly et al. assumptions regarding these rates can be made that are equally consistent with the underlying data used to construct the model, but produce estimates of human risk ranging anywhere from negative up to 10 000 times higher than those deemed by Conolly et al. to be 'conservative'. Thus, we conclude that estimates of human risk by Conolly et al. (2004) are extremely sensitive to modeling assumptions. This calls into question the basis for the Conolly et al. claim of de minimis human risk and suggests caution in using the model to derive human exposure standards for formaldehyde. C1 [Crump, Kenny S.; Landingham, Cynthiavan] ENVIRON Int Corp, Monroe, LA 71201 USA. [Chen, Chao; Fox, John F.; Subramaniam, Ravi] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Crump, KS (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Railroad Ave,George T Madison Hall,Room 330,POB 1, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM kennycrump@email.com NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 IS 6 BP 481 EP 495 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men038 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335XV UT WOS:000258329800007 PM 18628253 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Yakrus, MA Covert, TC Harris, SI Donnelly, SF Schmitt, MT Toney, S Bailey, SA Stelma, GN AF Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Covert, Terry C. Harris, Stephanie I. Donnelly, Sandra F. Schmitt, Michael T. Toney, Sean Bailey, Stephanie A. Stelma, Gerard N., Jr. TI Molecular comparison of mycobacterium avium isolates from clinical and environmental sources SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; COMPLEX; INTRACELLULARE; SAMPLES; AIDS AB We collected Mycobacterium avium isolates from clinical and drinking-water sources and compared isolates among themselves and to each other using molecular methods. Four clinical isolates were related to water isolates. Groups of indistinguishable clinical isolates were idenitified. The groups of identical clinical isolates suggest a common source of exposure. C1 [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.; Schmitt, Michael T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Toney, Sean] Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Covert, Terry C.; Stelma, Gerard N., Jr.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Harris, Stephanie I.; Bailey, Stephanie A.] US EPA, Reg Lab 10, Washington, DC USA. [Donnelly, Sandra F.] Clark Cty Water Reclamat Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58 A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov FU [1D-5128-NAEX]; [2D-5783-NAEX]; [2D-6115-NAEX] FX We thank Marie Coyle and LaDonna Carlson of Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA: Paul Swenson of the Seattle & King County Public Health Laboratory; Craig Colombel of the Washington State Public Health Laboratory; and Margaret Floyd, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, for technical Support. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Stacy L. Pfaller of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, and the technical assistance and expertise of Sandy Dunkel, Brian Hoyt, and Moya Joubert from the participating utility.; Isolates were purchased through contracts 1D-5128-NAEX, 2D-5783-NAEX, and 2D-6115-NAEX.; The views expressed in this report tire those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not Constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4966 EP 4968 DI 10.1128/AEM.02900-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 337ZM UT WOS:000258474400047 PM 18539815 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Bhave, PV Gilliland, AB Sarwar, G Roselle, SJ AF Appel, K. Wyat Bhave, Prakash V. Gilliland, Alice B. Sarwar, Golam Roselle, Shawn J. TI Evaluation of the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5: Sensitivities impacting model performance; Part II - particulate matter SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE community multiscale air quality (CMAQ); model; model evalution; PM2.5; sulfate; nitrate; ammonium; organic and elemental carbon ID AEROSOL COMPONENT; DRY-DEPOSITION; PM2.5 NITRATE; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN US; MASS AB This paper is Part II in a pair of papers that examines the results of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 (v4.5) and discusses the potential explanations for the model performance characteristics seen. The focus of this paper is On fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical composition. Improvements made to the city deposition velocity and cloud treatment in CMAQ v4.5 addressing compensating (SO42-) errors in 36-km Simulations improved particulate Sulfate 4) predictions. Large overpredictions Of particulate nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) in the fall are likely due to a gross overestimation of seasonal ammonia (NH3) emissions. Carborlaceous aerosol concentrations are Substantially underpredicted during the late Spring and summer months, most likely due, in part, to a lack of some secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation pathways in the model. Comparisons of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions with observed PM2.5 mass show mixed seasonal performance. Spring and summer show the best overall performance, while performance in the winter and fall is relatively poor, with significant overpredictions of total PM2.5 mass in those seasons. The model biases in PM2.5 mass cannot be explained by Summing the model biases for the major inorganic ions Plus carbon. Errors in the prediction of other unspeciated PM2.5 (PMother) are largely to blame for the errors in total PM2.5 mass predictions, and efforts are underway to identify the cause of these errors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Appel, K. Wyat; Bhave, Prakash V.; Gilliland, Alice B.; Roselle, Shawn J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wyat.Appel@noaa.gov RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 29 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 6057 EP 6066 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.036 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000011 ER PT J AU Kleeman, MJ Robert, MA Riddle, SG Fine, PM Hays, MD Schauer, JJ Hannigan, MP AF Kleeman, Michael J. Robert, Michael A. Riddle, Sarah G. Fine, Philip M. Hays, Michael D. Schauer, James J. Hannigan, Michael P. TI Size distribution of trace organic species emitted from biomass combustion and meat charbroiling (vol 42, pg 3059, 2008) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Kleeman, Michael J.; Robert, Michael A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riddle, Sarah G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fine, Philip M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hannigan, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kleeman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjkleeman@ucdavis.edu RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 6152 EP 6154 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.075 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000019 ER PT J AU Chapin, R Augustine-Rauch, K Beyer, B Daston, G Finnell, R Flynn, T Hunter, S Mirkes, P O'Shea, KS Piersma, A Sandler, D Vanparys, P Van Maele-Fabry, G AF Chapin, Robert Augustine-Rauch, Karen Beyer, Bruce Daston, George Finnell, Richard Flynn, Thomas Hunter, Sidney Mirkes, Phillip O'Shea, K. Sue Piersma, Aldert Sandler, David Vanparys, Philippe Van Maele-Fabry, Genevieve TI State of the art in developmental toxicity screening methods and a way forward: A meeting report addressing embryonic stem cells, whole embryo culture, and zebrafish SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE in vitro screens; environmental issues; pharmaceuticals ID MORPHOLOGICAL SCORING SYSTEM; VITRO EMBRYOTOXICITY TESTS; INVITRO DEVELOPMENT; VALIDATION; TERATOGENS; PALATE; ASSAYS AB A meeting was convened so that users of three models for in vitro developmental toxicity (embryonic stem cells, whole embryo culture, and zebrafish) could share their experiences with each model, and explore the areas for improvement. We present a summary of this meeting and the recommendations of the group. C1 [Chapin, Robert] Pfizer Global R&D, Dev & Reprod Toxicol Grp, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Augustine-Rauch, Karen] Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Reprod Toxicol, Hopewell, NJ USA. [Beyer, Bruce] Sanofi Aventis US, Drug Safety Evaluat, Malvern, PA USA. [Daston, George] Procter & Gamble, Cent Prod Safety, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Finnell, Richard] Texas A&M Univ HSC, Ctr Environm & Genet Med, Houston, TX USA. [Flynn, Thomas] US FDA, CFSAN, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD USA. [Hunter, Sidney] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mirkes, Phillip] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Environm & Rural Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. [O'Shea, K. Sue] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Piersma, Aldert] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Sandler, David] Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Vanparys, Philippe] Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Mechanist Toxicol, Beerse, Belgium. [Van Maele-Fabry, Genevieve] Catholic Univ Louvain, Ind Toxicol & Occupat Med Unit, Brussels, Belgium. RP Chapin, R (reprint author), Pfizer Global R&D, Dev & Reprod Toxicol Grp, Eastern Point Rd,MS 8274-1336, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM robert.e.chapin@pfizer.com OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261; Flynn, Thomas/0000-0002-7248-0643 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 83 IS 4 BP 446 EP 456 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20158 PG 11 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 344NT UT WOS:000258935300005 PM 18702117 ER PT J AU Boese, BL Robbins, BD AF Boese, Bruce L. Robbins, Bradley D. TI Effects of erosion and macroalgae on intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina) in a northeastern Pacific estuary (USA) SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE erosion; macroalgae; seagrass ID WADDEN SEA; BIOMASS; BAY; SEAGRASSES; DYNAMICS; OREGON; GROWTH; DESICCATION; SULFIDE; SEED AB Eelgrass (Zostera marina) in open-coast northeastern Pacific estuaries is primarily intertidal, yet little research has been done on the natural factors controlling its upper intertidal growth limits. This two-year study in the Yaquina Estuary (Newport, Oregon, USA) evaluated the effects of two factors (erosion and macroalgal accumulations) on populations of eelgrass. Six study sites were located on steep (n=3) and shallow (n=3) intertidal slopes. At each site, triplicate plots (9 m(2)) were placed at five tidal elevations. In the plots, we counted shoots monthly into three categories: vegetative, reproductive, or seedling. Canopy height, blade width, blades per shoot, macroalgal biomass, and an index of erosion were also measured. Yaquina Estuary eelgrass behaves as a perennial in the lower intertidal zone and as an annual in the upper intertidal zone. In the transition between the low and high intertidal zones, there are both perennial (in patches) and annual forms. We suggest that aerial desiccation, macroalgae, and erosion play a role in controlling intertidal eelgrass and that these factors operate in an acute rather than a chronic manner. C1 [Boese, Bruce L.; Robbins, Bradley D.] US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM boese.bruce@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank Chistina Folger and numerous other Dynamac Inc. employees who took most of the field measurements that are reported in this paper. Also many thanks to James Kaldy for designing and aiding in the seed density determination part of the study and also for an initial review of the manuscript. Patrick Clinton prepared some of the Figures and Walter Nelson aided in the study design. Thanks also to Robert Ozretich and Douglas Bulthuis, to the two anonymous journal reviewers, and finally to Anthony R.O. Chapman for their criticism and editing of the manuscript. The information in this document has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 26 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1515/BOT.2008.034 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 345ND UT WOS:000259002600002 ER PT J AU Dindal, A Billets, S AF Dindal, Amy Billets, Stephen TI Experimental design considerations for verifying the performance of screening technologies for dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soils and sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dioxins; dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls; technology verification; performance demonstration; US EPA SITE Program; quality assurance AB A performance verification demonstration of technologies capable of detecting dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil and sediment samples was conducted in April 2004 under the US Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Monitoring and Measurement Technology (MMT) Program. A demonstration plan was developed with input from the participating technology developers who were part of an advisory panel convened to provide technical guidance for this test. The development of the experimental design began with the framework traditionally used for testing field analytical monitoring technologies under the SITE MMT Program, but various unique aspects of the participating technologies and the expected applications for these technologies necessitated modification of several elements of the traditional design. These critical experimental design considerations are described in this manuscript, along with issues encountered and the remedies that were developed. A summary of the performance data for each technology tested is also presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dindal, Amy] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Billets, Stephen] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Dindal, A (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM dindala@battelle.org FU Dioxin Demonstration Panel FX The authors appreciate the support of the Dioxin Demonstration Panel, and in particular, recognize Andy Beliveau, Nardina Turner, Greg Rudloff, Allen Debus, Craig Smith, David Williams, Dwain Winters, Jon Josephs, Bob Mournighan, Terry Smith, and Joe Ferrario of the US EPA; and Michael jury, Sue Kaelber-Matlock, and Al Taylor of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Jim Sanborn (California-EPA) and Jeffrey Archer (US Food and Drug Administration) served as additional reviewers of the ITVRs. Special acknowledgment is given to the Battelle staff who contributed to the preparation of the ITVRs: Josh Finegold, Nicole Iroz-Elardo, Mark Misita, Tim Pivetz, Mary Schrock, Rachel Sell, Bea Weaver, and Zack Willenberg. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S66 EP S71 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.104 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350NJ UT WOS:000259359100012 PM 18462774 ER PT J AU Sikdar, SK AF Sikdar, Subhas K. TI NATO science for peace and security program SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Sikdar.Subhas@epamail.epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s10098-008-0160-9 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IY UT WOS:000260826200001 ER PT J AU Glaser, JA AF Glaser, John A. TI Virtual enzymes SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT News Item C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Glaser.John@EPA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s10098-008-0158-3 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371IY UT WOS:000260826200003 ER PT J AU Da Ros, VG Maldera, JA Willis, WD Cohen, DJ Goulding, EH Gelman, DM Rubinstein, M Eddy, EM Cuasnicu, PS AF Da Ros, Vanina G. Maldera, Julieta A. Willis, William D. Cohen, Debora J. Goulding, Eugenia H. Gelman, Diego M. Rubinstein, Marcelo Eddy, Edward M. Cuasnicu, Patricia S. TI Impaired sperm fertilizing ability in mice lacking Cysteine-RIch Secretory Protein 1 (CRISP1) SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sperm; egg; fertilization; CRISP ID MEDIATES GAMETE FUSION; RAT EPIDIDYMAL PROTEIN; EGG FUSION; CYSTEINE-RICH-SECRETORY-PROTEIN-4 CRISP4; COMPLEMENTARY SITES; GENE; LOCALIZATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; CAPACITATION; SPERMATOZOA AB Mammalian fertilization is a complex multi-step process mediated by different molecules present on both gametes. Epididymal Protein CRISP1, a member of the Cysteine-RIch Secretory Protein (CRISP) family, was identified by our laboratory and postulated to participate in both sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) interaction and gamete fusion by binding to egg-complementary sites. To elucidate the functional role of CRISP1 in vivo, we disrupted the Crisp1 gene and evaluated the effect on animal fertility and several sperm parameters. Male and female Crisp1(-/-) animals exhibited no differences in fertility compared to controls. Sperm motility and the ability to undergo a spontaneous or progesterone-induced acrosome reaction were neither affected in Crisp1(-/-) mice. However, the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation was clearly lower in mutant sperm than in controls. In vitro fertilization assays showed that Crisp1(-/-) sperm also exhibited a significantly reduced ability to penetrate both ZP-intact and ZP-free eggs. Moreover, when ZP-free eggs were simultaneously inseminated with Crisp1(+/+) and Crisp1(-/-) sperm in a competition assay, the mutant sperm exhibited a greater disadvantage in their fusion ability. Finally, the finding that the fusion ability of Crisp1(-/-) sperm was further inhibited by the presence of CRISP1 OF CRISP2 during gamete co-incubation, supports that another CRISP cooperates with CRISP1 during fertilization and might compensate for its lack in the mutant mice. Together, these results indicate that CRISP proteins are players in the mammalian fertilization process. To our knowledge this is the first knockout mice generated for a CRISP protein. The information obtained might have important functional implications for other members of the widely distributed and evolutionarily conserved CRISP family. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Da Ros, Vanina G.; Maldera, Julieta A.; Cohen, Debora J.; Cuasnicu, Patricia S.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Biol & Med Expt, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Willis, William D.; Goulding, Eugenia H.; Eddy, Edward M.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Gamete Biol Sect, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gelman, Diego M.; Rubinstein, Marcelo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Invest Ingn Genet & Biol Mol, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rubinstein, Marcelo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Cuasnicu, PS (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Biol & Med Expt, Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM cuasnicu@dna.uba.ar OI Da Ros, Vanina Gabriela/0000-0003-2367-0042 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES070076-21] NR 40 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 EI 1095-564X J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.03.015 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 335AF UT WOS:000258262500002 PM 18571638 ER PT J AU Guyton, KZ AF Guyton, K. Z. TI Opportunities for progress in the applications of mechanistic information in risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Guyton, K. Z.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 520 EP 520 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800018 ER PT J AU Dellarco, VL Preston, RJ Kent, R McCarroll, N Wolf, D AF Dellarco, V. L. Preston, R. J. Kent, R. McCarroll, N. Wolf, D. TI Mode of action/human relevance analysis for incorporating mechanistic data in human health risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Dellarco, V. L.; Kent, R.; McCarroll, N.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Preston, R. J.; Wolf, D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 521 EP 521 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800024 ER PT J AU Sonawane, B Bateson, T DeVoney, D Vandenberg, J AF Sonawane, B. Bateson, T. DeVoney, D. Vandenberg, J. TI Formaldehyde and leukemia: Epidemiology, potential mechanisms, and implications for risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Sonawane, B.; Bateson, T.; DeVoney, D.; Vandenberg, J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 526 EP 526 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800045 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, J Bateson, T DeVoney, D Jinot, J Sonawane, B AF Vandenberg, J. Bateson, T. DeVoney, D. Jinot, J. Sonawane, B. TI Uncertainties in the health risk evaluation of formaldehyde SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Vandenberg, J.; Bateson, T.; DeVoney, D.; Jinot, J.; Sonawane, B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800050 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, S. D. TI Formation and occurrence of disinfection by-products SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Richardson, S. D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 531 EP 531 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800063 ER PT J AU DeMarini, DM AF DeMarini, D. M. TI Carcinogenicity of disinfection by-products and research needs SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800065 ER PT J AU Schoeny, R AF Schoeny, R. TI Mode of action and risk assessment of emerging disinfection by-products SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Schoeny, R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800066 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Valero, MA Swank, AE Winnik, WM Abdel-Rahman, SZ Jones, LA DeMarini, DM AF Hernandez-Valero, M. A. Swank, A. E. Winnik, W. M. Abdel-Rahman, S. Z. Jones, L. A. DeMarini, D. M. TI Biomarkers of exposure and effect in migrant farmworker children of Mexican origin from urban and agricultural regions of Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Hernandez-Valero, M. A.; Jones, L. A.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Swank, A. E.; Winnik, W. M.; DeMarini, D. M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Abdel-Rahman, S. Z.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 547 EP 547 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800121 ER PT J AU Hunter, SE Collins, L Van Houten, B AF Hunter, S. E. Collins, L. Van Houten, B. TI Double strand break repair in human mitochondrial extracts SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Hunter, S. E.; Collins, L.; Van Houten, B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800127 ER PT J AU Lehmann, DW Asagoshi, K Prasad, R Wilson, SH Van Houten, B AF Lehmann, D. W. Asagoshi, K. Prasad, R. Wilson, S. H. Van Houten, B. TI Limited base excision repair in C. elegans SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Lehmann, D. W.; Asagoshi, K.; Prasad, R.; Wilson, S. H.; Van Houten, B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800134 ER PT J AU La, MM Harper, R Birnbaum, L Cardiff, R Threadgill, D AF La Merrill, M. Harper, R. Birnbaum, L. Cardiff, R. Threadgill, D. TI Maternal dioxin exposure combined with a diet high in fat increases mammary cancer incidence through induction of estrogen metabolizing genes CYP1B1 and COMT SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [La Merrill, M.; Harper, R.; Birnbaum, L.; Threadgill, D.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [La Merrill, M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Birnbaum, L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cardiff, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 555 EP 555 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800152 ER PT J AU Winnik, WM Chilakapati, J Wallace, K Kitchin, KT Ortiz, PA AF Winnik, W. M. Chilakapati, J. Wallace, K. Kitchin, K. T. Ortiz, P. A. TI Proteomic profiling of urinary bladders from mice exposed to sodium arsenite SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Winnik, W. M.; Chilakapati, J.; Wallace, K.; Kitchin, K. T.; Ortiz, P. A.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 558 EP 558 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800165 ER PT J AU Einem, TL Divi, RL Shockley, ME Keshava, C Weston, A Poirier, MC AF Einem, T. L. Divi, R. L. Shockley, M. E. Keshava, C. Weston, A. Poirier, M. C. TI Abundant expression of CYP1A1 is positively, while CYP1B1 and NQ01 are negatively, associated with benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-DNA adduct formation in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Einem, T. L.; Divi, R. L.; Shockley, M. E.; Poirier, M. C.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Keshava, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Weston, A.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 559 EP 559 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800167 ER PT J AU DeVoney, D Sonawane, B Jinot, J Bateson, T Vandenberg, J AF DeVoney, D. Sonawane, B. Jinot, J. Bateson, T. Vandenberg, J. TI Potential role of environmental mutagens in the development of human lymphoid malignancies SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [DeVoney, D.; Sonawane, B.; Jinot, J.; Bateson, T.; Vandenberg, J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 577 EP 577 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800241 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Jones, S AF Cooper, Glinda S. Jones, Samantha TI Pentachlorophenol and cancer risk: Focusing the lens on specific chlorophenols and contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cancer; childhood leukemia; chlorophenols; dioxins; furans; multiple myeloma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; pentachlorophenol; soft-tissue sarcoma ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PHENOXYACETIC ACIDS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCERS; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; CASE-REFERENT; WORKERS; DIOXINS AB OBJECTIVE: Pentachlorophenol, a fungicide widely used as a wood preservative, was classified in 1999 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen. We reviewed currently available data to determine the extent to which recent studies assist in distinguishing the effect of pentachlorophenol from that of its contaminants (e.g., dioxins and other chlorophenols). DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: We performed a systematic review of published studies pertaining to cancer risk in relation to pentachlorophenol exposure, focusing on results pertaining specifically to all cancer sites and specific hematopoietic cancers, and data pertaining to risks associated with other types of chlorophenols, dioxins, or furans. SYNTHESIS: The pentachlorophenol studies presented considerable evidence pertaining to hematopoietic cancers, with strong associations seen in multiple studies, in different locations, and using different designs. There is little evidence of an association between these cancers and chlorophenols that contain fewer than four chlorines. The extension of a large cohort study of sawmill workers, with follow-up to 1995, provided information about risks of relatively rare cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma), using a validated exposure assessment procedure that distinguishes between exposures to pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol. In contrast with dioxin, pentachlorophenol exposure has not been associated with total cancer incidence or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The updated cohort study focusing on pentachlorophenol provides increased statistical power and precision, and demonstrates associations between hematopoietic cancer and pentachlorophenol exposure not observed in earlier evaluations of this cohort. Contaminant confounding is an unlikely explanation for the risks seen with pentachlorophenol exposure. C1 [Cooper, Glinda S.; Jones, Samantha] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601 P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601 P, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov NR 55 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1008 DI 10.1289/ehp.11081 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335DE UT WOS:000258270200019 PM 18709150 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Bateson, TF McDonnell, WF AF Brown, James S. Bateson, Thomas F. McDonnell, William F. TI Effects of exposure to 0.06 ppm ozone on FEV1 in humans: A secondary analysis of existing data SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollutants; photochemical oxidants; spirometry ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; TRIANGULAR PROFILES; 6.6-HOUR EXPOSURES; MODERATE EXERCISE; SQUARE-WAVE; CHAMBER AB BACKGROUND: Ozone is a potent photochemical oxidant that produces transient, reversible decrements in the lung function of acutely exposed individuals. A recent study provided previously unavailable clinical data for 30 healthy young adults exposed to O-3 at 0.06 ppm. That study showed significant effects of 0.08 ppm on lung function, confirming the findings of others. However, exposure to 0.06 PPM O-3 was not reported to significantly affect lung function. OBJECTTVES: We conducted this analysis to reevaluate the existing lung function data of the volunteers previously exposed to 0.06 PPM O-3 METHODS: We obtained pre- and postexposure data on forced expiratory volume in 1 see (FEV1) for all subjects who were previously exposed for 6.6 hr to filtered air or to 0.06 ppm or 0.08 ppm O-3. We used standard statistical methods appropriate for paired comparisons to reanalyze FEV1 responses after exposure to 0.06 PPM O-3 relative to filtered air. RESULTS: Controlling for filtered air responses, 24 of the 30 subjects experienced an O-3-induced decrement in FEV1. On average, 0.06 ppm O-3 exposure caused a 2.85% reduction in FEV1 (P 0.002), which was consistent with the predicted FEV1 response from existing models. Although the average response was small, two subjects had > 10% FEV1 decrements. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to 0.06 ppm O-3 causes a biologically small but highly statistically significant decrease in mean FEV1 responses of young healthy adults. C1 [Brown, James S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bateson, Thomas F.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC USA. [McDonnell, William F.] William F McDonnell Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Brown.James@epa.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1289/ehp.11396 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335DE UT WOS:000258270200022 PM 18709151 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH AF Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. TI Detecting temporal change in watershed nutrient yields SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; change detection; ecoregions; eutrophication; land cover; nitrogen; phosphorus ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; EXPORT COEFFICIENTS; MONITORING DATA; RIVER-BASIN; NITROGEN; STREAMS; PHOSPHORUS; CRITERIA; QUALITY AB Meta-analyses reveal that nutrient yields tend to be higher for watersheds dominated by anthropogenic uses (e.g., urban, agriculture) and lower for watersheds dominated by natural vegetation. One implication of this pattern is that loss of natural vegetation will produce increases in watershed nutrient yields. Yet, the same meta-analyses also reveal that, absent land-cover change, watershed nutrient yields vary from one year to the next due to many exogenous factors. The interacting effects of land cover and exogenous factors suggest nutrient yields should be treated as distributions, and the effect of land-cover change should be examined by looking for significant changes in the distributions. We compiled nutrient yield distributions from published data. The published data included watersheds with homogeneous land cover that typically reported two or more years of annual nutrient yields for the same watershed. These data were used to construct statistical models, and the models were used to estimate changes in the nutrient yield distributions as a result of land-cover change. Land-cover changes were derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Total nitrogen (TN) yield distributions increased significantly for 35 of 1550 watersheds and decreased significantly for 51. Total phosphorus (TP) yield distributions increased significantly for 142 watersheds and decreased significantly for 17. The amount of land-cover change required to produce significant shifts in nutrient yield distributions was not constant. Small land-cover changes led to significant shifts in nutrient yield distributions when watersheds were dominated by natural vegetation, whereas much larger land-cover changes were needed to produce significant shifts when watersheds were dominated by urban or agriculture. We discuss our results in the context of the Clean Water Act. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov; wade.timothy@epa.gov; kriitters@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Forest Service; Center for Landscape Pattern Analysis FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded the research. This article has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Kurt Riitter's participation was supported by the U.S. Forest Service and the Center for Landscape Pattern Analysis. The authors thank Lisa Smith, Steve Verrill, Walter Dodds, Larry Band, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on previous versions of the paper. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9120-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339EW UT WOS:000258561900005 PM 18446405 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Wenger, SJ Fletcher, TD Walsh, CJ Ladson, AR Shuster, WD Thurston, HW Brown, RR AF Roy, Allison H. Wenger, Seth J. Fletcher, Tim D. Walsh, Christopher J. Ladson, Anthony R. Shuster, William D. Thurston, Hale W. Brown, Rebekah R. TI Impediments and solutions to sustainable, watershed-scale urban stormwater management: Lessons from Australia and the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stormwater runoff; water resource management; watershed protection; policy; restoration; sustainability ID LAND-USE; STREAM; RUNOFF; CATCHMENT; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; REDUCE AB In urban and suburban areas, stormwater runoff is a primary stressor on surface waters. Conventional urban stormwater drainage systems often route runoff directly to streams and rivers, thus exacerbating pollutant inputs and hydrologic disturbance, and resulting in the degradation of ecosystem structure and function. Decentralized stormwater management tools, such as low impact development (LID) or water sensitive urban design (WSUD), may offer a more sustainable solution to stormwater management if implemented at a watershed scale. These tools are designed to pond, infiltrate, and harvest water at the source, encouraging evaporation, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, and re-use of stormwater. While there are numerous demonstrations of WSUD practices, there are few examples of widespread implementation at a watershed scale with the explicit objective of protecting or restoring a receiving stream. This article identifies seven major impediments to sustainable urban stormwater management: (1) uncertainties in performance and cost, (2) insufficient engineering standards and guidelines, (3) fragmented responsibilities, (4) lack of institutional capacity, (5) lack of legislative mandate, (6) lack of funding and effective market incentives, and (7) resistance to change. By comparing experiences from Australia and the United States, two developed countries with existing conventional stormwater infrastructure and escalating stream ecosystem degradation, we highlight challenges facing sustainable urban stormwater management and offer several examples of successful, regional WSUD implementation. We conclude by identifying solutions to each of the seven impediments that, when employed separately or in combination, should encourage widespread implementation of WSUD with watershed-based goals to protect human health and safety, and stream ecosystems. C1 [Roy, Allison H.; Shuster, William D.; Thurston, Hale W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, River Basin Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fletcher, Tim D.; Ladson, Anthony R.] Monash Univ, Inst Sustainable Water Resources, Dept Civil Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Walsh, Christopher J.] Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. [Walsh, Christopher J.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. [Brown, Rebekah R.] Monash Univ, Inst Sustainable Water Resources, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov RI Walsh, Christopher/B-2552-2009; Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Ladson, Anthony/E-7727-2010 OI Walsh, Christopher/0000-0002-4181-6722; Brown, Rebekah/0000-0002-8689-7562; Ladson, Anthony/0000-0002-6823-1118 NR 74 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 24 U2 211 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 344 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9119-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339EW UT WOS:000258561900013 PM 18446406 ER PT J AU Hiibel, SR Pereyra, LP Inman, LY Tischer, A Reisman, DJ Reardon, KF Pruden, A AF Hiibel, Sage R. Pereyra, Luciana P. Inman, Laura Y. Tischer, April Reisman, David J. Reardon, Kenneth F. Pruden, Amy TI Microbial community analysis of two field-scale sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine drainage SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; PASSIVE TREATMENT; CARBON SOURCE; WASTE-WATER; ACID; BACTERIA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; GENES AB The microbial communities of two field-scale pilot sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating acid mine drainage (AMD), Luttrell and Peerless Jenny King (PJK), were compared using biomolecular tools and multivariate statistical analyses. The two bioreactors were well suited for this study because their geographic locations and substrate compositions were similar while the characteristics of influent AMD, configuration and degree of exposure to oxygen were distinct. The two bioreactor communities were found to be functionally similar, including cellulose degraders, fermenters and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Significant differences were found between the two bioreactors in phylogenetic comparisons of cloned 16S rRNA genes and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (apsA) genes. The apsA gene clones from the Luttrell bioreactor were dominated by uncultured SRB most closely related to Desulfovibrio spp., while those of the PJK bioreactor were dominated by Thiobacillus spp. The fraction of the SRB genus Desulfovibrio was also higher at Luttrell than at PJK as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Oxygen exposure at PJK is hypothesized to be the primary cause of these differences. This study is the first rigorous phylogenetic investigation of field-scale bioreactors treating AMD and the first reported application of multivariate statistical analysis of remediation system microbial communities applying UniFrac software. C1 [Pereyra, Luciana P.; Tischer, April; Pruden, Amy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hiibel, Sage R.; Inman, Laura Y.; Reardon, Kenneth F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reisman, David J.] US EPA, Engn Tech Support Ctr, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Pruden, A (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM amy.pruden@colostate.edu RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010; Reardon, Kenneth/A-1952-2016 OI Reardon, Kenneth/0000-0002-7753-4049 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2087 EP 2097 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01630.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 327FR UT WOS:000257715500015 PM 18430021 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Cohan, DS Odman, MT Tonse, S AF Napelenok, S. L. Cohan, D. S. Odman, M. T. Tonse, S. TI Extension and evaluation of sensitivity analysis capabilities in a photochemical model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; decoupled direct method; CMAQ-DDM-3D; regional atmospheric modeling AB The decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D) provides an efficient and accurate approach for probing the sensitivity of atmospheric pollutant concentrations to various changes in photochemical model inputs. The implementation of DDM-3D for the widely used Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was updated to account for recent changes in the base model and to include additional chemical mechanisms and advection schemes. The capabilities of CMAQ-DDM-3D were extended to enable execution using multiple processors in parallel and the computation of sensitivities to chemical reaction rate constants. The resulting direct sensitivity modeling system was tested for statistical agreement with the traditional difference method for calculating sensitivities, considering a summer episode in a domain covering the continental United States. Sensitivities to domain-wide and sector specific emissions, initial/boundary conditions, and chemical reaction rates were compared and found to be in good correlation for both primary and secondary air pollutants. The scalability of CMAQ-DDM-3D to the number of processors used in parallel was also examined. Sensitivity calculations were found to scale in a similar way to the base model, where the benefit to model runtime of adding more processors diminished for simulations that used more than eight processors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Napelenok, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cohan, D. S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Odman, M. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tonse, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 994 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.11.004 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299QO UT WOS:000255770300004 ER PT J AU Lange, I Linn, J AF Lange, Ian Linn, Joshua TI Bush v. Gore and the effect of New Source Review on power plant emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE event window; new source review; coal power plants; air pollution ID ELECTION; EVENT AB New Source Review (NSR) is a Clean Air Act regulation that requires electric utilities to meet emission standards when making modifications to existing power plants. The regulation increases the cost of replacing worn out parts, and limits the firm's scope of potential capital investments. Such restrictions may lead to greater retirements and lower utilization, adversely affecting profits. Prior to the 2000 presidential election, investors expected Bush to have a narrower interpretation of NSR than Gore. Therefore, we use changes in stock prices to estimate the effect on profits of differences in NSR policy. Our results indicate that investors expected the average boiler to be $38 million more valuable under the Bush administration. Over the boilers' lifetimes, the additional utilization will have increased emissions by 19 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 5.9 million tons of nitrogen oxides and 980 million tons of carbon dioxide, relative to natural gas generation. C1 [Linn, Joshua] Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Lange, Ian] Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Linn, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, 2102UH,MC 144,601 S Morgan St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM lange.ian@epa.gov; jlinn@uic.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 571 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s10640-007-9170-z PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 321TA UT WOS:000257328200006 ER PT J AU Wood, JP Lemieux, P Betancourt, D Kariher, P Griffin, N AF Wood, Joseph P. Lemieux, Paul Betancourt, Doris Kariher, Peter Griffin, Nicole TI Pilot-scale experimental and theoretical investigations into the thermal destruction of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate embedded in building decontamination residue bundles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTILIS VAR NIGER; INACTIVATION; SPORES AB Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores were released through the U.S. mail system in 2001, highlighting the need to develop efficacious methods of decontaminating and disposing of materials contaminated with biological agents. Incineration of building decontamination residue is a disposal option for such material, although the complete inactivation of bacterial spores via this technique is not a certainty. Tests revealed that under some circumstances, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (G. stearothermophilus, a surrogate for B. anthracis) spores embedded in building materials remained active after 35 min in a pilot-scale incinerator and survived with internal material bundle temperatures reaching over 500 degrees C. A model was also developed to predict survival of a bacterial spore population undergoing thermal treatment in an incinerator using the thermal destruction kinetic parameters obtained in a laboratory setting. The results of the pilot-scale incinerator experiments are compared to model predictions to assess the accuracy of the model. C1 [Wood, Joseph P.; Lemieux, Paul; Betancourt, Doris] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kariher, Peter; Griffin, Nicole] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Wood, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Code E343-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wood.joe@epa.gov OI Wood, Joseph/0000-0001-6316-9418 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5712 EP 5717 DI 10.1021/es7021945 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100053 PM 18754498 ER PT J AU Yoo, H Kannan, K Kim, SK Lee, KT Newsted, JL Giesy, JP AF Yoo, Hoon Kannan, Kurunthachalam Kim, Seong Kyu Lee, Kyu Tae Newsted, John L. Giesy, John P. TI Perfluoroalkyl acids in the egg yolk of birds from Lake Shihwa, Korea SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; FISH; INHIBITION; SUBSTANCES; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) were measured in egg yolks of three species of birds, the little egret (Egretta garzetta), little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius), and parrot bill (Paradoxonis webbiana), collected in and around Lake Shihwa, Korea, which receives wastewaters from an adjacent industrial complex. Mean concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) ranged from 185 to 314 ng/g ww and were similar to those reported for bird eggs from other urban areas. Long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also found in egg yolks often at great concentrations. Mean concentrations of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) ranged from 95 to 201 ng/g ww. Per-fluorooctanoic acid was detected in 32 of 44 egg samples, but concentrations were 100-fold less than those of PFOS. Relative concentrations of HAS in all three species were similar with the predominance of PFOS (45-50%). There was a statistically significant correlation between PFUnA and perfluorodecanoic acid in egg yolks (p < 0.05), suggesting a common source of PFCAs. Using measured egg concentrations and diet concentrations, the ecological risk of the PFOS and PFA mixture to birds in Lake Shihwa was evaluated using two different approaches. Estimated hazard quotients were similar between the two approaches. The concentration of PFOS associated with 90th centile in bird eggs was 100-fold less than the lowest observable adverse effect level determined for birds, and those concentrations were 4-fold less than the suggested toxicity reference values. On the basis of limited toxicological data, current concentrations of PFOS are less than what would be expected to have an adverse effect on birds in the Lake Shihwa region. C1 [Yoo, Hoon; Giesy, John P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yoo, Hoon; Giesy, John P.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yoo, Hoon] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Kim, Seong Kyu] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Kim, Seong Kyu] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Kim, Seong Kyu; Lee, Kyu Tae] NeoEnbiz Co, Inst Environm Protect & Safety, Puchon, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Newsted, John L.] ENTRIX Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biomed & Vet Biosci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Giesy, John P.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Giesy, JP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM John.Giesy@usask.ca NR 33 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5821 EP 5827 DI 10.1021/es800447d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100070 PM 18754515 ER PT J AU Jegadeesan, G Al-Abed, SR Pinto, P AF Jegadeesan, G. Al-Abed, Souhail R. Pinto, Patricio TI Influence of trace metal distribution on its leachability from coal fly ash SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE coal fly ash; leaching; arsenic; metals ID FIRED POWER-PLANT; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; MOBILITY; ELEMENTS; SORPTION; FRACTIONATION; COMBUSTION; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION AB The risks associated with the reuse of coal fly ash in natural environmental settings in terms of their mobility and ecotoxicological significance is largely determined by: (1) the physicochemical conditions the fly ash is placed under; (2) the total leachable metal content in fly ash and; (3) the distribution or mineralogical fractionation of metals. In this study, we report the mobility of As, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn from a single Class F fly ash (CFFA). The influence of pH on metal release was compared to the total leachable metal content, as determined by single and sequential chemical extractions. The results show that the CFFA sample is environmentally safe under natural pH conditions, with metal leaching less than the mandated RCRA limits. The elements Fe, Pb and Cr were moderately soluble at acidic pH and sparingly soluble beyond neutral pH. Arsenic release from CFFA was higher under aggressive pH conditions (pH < 4 and pH > 9) and consistent with its oxyanionic behavior. Partial dissolution of the acid soluble (exchangeable) fraction at acidic pH; desorption of oxyanions at alkaline pH; adsorption and or co-precipitation of metals with iron (hydr) oxides at neutral pH appeared to be the probable mechanisms controlling metal release. While simple EDTA extractions provided good indications of the total leachable amounts, a direct correlation with pH leaching data was impossible as the mineralogical distribution of the metals in the fly ash appeared to play a significant role in their leachability. In the case of Class F fly ash, metal association with Fe-oxide appeared to play a more dominant role in metal release. C1 [Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Jegadeesan, G.; Pinto, Patricio] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Pinto, Patricio/0000-0002-7840-457X; Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10-11 BP 1887 EP 1893 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.12.007 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 302ZL UT WOS:000256008600016 ER PT J AU Mohamoud, YM AF Mohamoud, Yusuf M. TI Prediction of daily flow duration curves and streamflow for ungauged catchments using regional flow duration curves SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE flow duration curve; ungauged basins; stream flow; data transfer ID WATER-BALANCE; CLIMATE; MODEL; SOIL; DESCRIPTORS; HYDROLOGY; REGIMES; BASINS; SITES AB A method is presented to predict flow duration curves (FDCs) and streamflow for ungauged catchments in the Mid-Atlantic Region, USA. Twenty-nine catchments were selected from the Appalachian Plateau Ridge and Valley, and Piedmont physiographic provinces to develop and test the proposed method. Using a step-wise multiple regression analysis, the dominant landscape and climate descriptors were identified and regional FDC models were developed for each province. Predictive performance of the proposed method was estimated using data from three evaluation sites that were not included in parameter estimation for the regional FDC models. The results of this study show that climate and geomorphological descriptors Strongly influence the hydrology of the Appalachian Plateau and some Ridge and Valley catchments, whereas soil and geomorphological descriptors strongly influence the hydrology of the Piedmont and sonic Ridge and Valley catchments. Streamflow Values Calculated by the drainage area ratio method and those reconstructed by the FDC method were compared with the observed streamflow values. The results indicate that the FDC-based method shows great promise for predicting streamflow in ungauged basins. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Mohamoud, YM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM mohamoud.yusuf@epa.gov NR 48 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 706 EP 724 DI 10.1623/hysj.53.4.706 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 349QC UT WOS:000259294700004 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Lei-Gomez, Q Mirer, AG Seppanen, O Brunner, G AF Mendell, M. J. Lei-Gomez, Q. Mirer, A. G. Seppaenen, O. Brunner, G. TI Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE study SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE building-related symptoms; sick building syndrome; office buildings; humidification; ventilation; air-conditioning ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; WORKERS; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION AB Building-related symptoms in office workers worldwide are common, but of uncertain etiology. One cause may be contaminants related to characteristics of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. We analyzed data from 97 representative air-conditioned US office buildings in the Building Assessment and Survey Evaluation (BASE) study. Using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for associations between building-related symptom outcomes and HVAC characteristics. Outdoor air intakes less than 60 m above ground level were associated with significant increases in most symptoms: e.g. for upper respiratory symptoms, OR for intake heights 30 to 60 m, 0 to < 30 m, and below ground level were 2.7, 2.0, and 2.1. Humidification systems with poor condition/maintenance were associated with significantly increased upper respiratory symptoms, eye symptoms, fatigue/difficulty concentrating, and skin symptoms, with OR = 1.5, 1.5, 1.7, and 1.6. Less frequent cleaning of cooling coils and drain pans was associated with significantly increased eye symptoms and headache, with OR = 1.7 and 1.6. Symptoms may be due to microbial exposures from poorly maintained ventilation systems and to greater levels of vehicular pollutants at air intakes nearer the ground level. Replication and explanation of these findings is needed. C1 [Mendell, M. J.; Mirer, A. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lei-Gomez, Q.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Seppaenen, O.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Helsinki, Finland. [Brunner, G.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00531.x PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328DY UT WOS:000257779200006 PM 18492050 ER PT J AU Bennett, M Volckens, J Stanglmaier, R McNichol, AP Ellenson, WD Lewis, CW AF Bennett, Maren Volckens, John Stanglmaier, Rudy McNichol, Ann P. Ellenson, William D. Lewis, Charles W. TI Biodiesel effects on particulate radiocarbon (C-14) emissions from a diesel engine SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; OC; EC; source apportionment; PM ID ORGANIC AEROSOL; COMBUSTION; OXIDATION; IMPACT AB The relative amount of C-14 in a sample of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), defined as percent modern carbon (pMC), allows the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to infer the fraction of PM derived from anthropogenic pollution sources. With increased use of biofuels that contain C-14, the main assumption of the two-source model, that C-14 is solely derived from biogenic emissions, may become invalid. The goal of this study was to determine the C-14 content of PM emitted from an off-highway diesel engine running on commercial grade biodiesel. Tests were conducted with an off-highway diesel engine running at 80% load fueled by various blends of soy-based biodiesel. A dilution tunnel was used to collect PM10 emissions on quartz filters that were analyzed for their C-14 content using accelerator mass spectrometry. A mobility particle sizer and 5-gas analyzer provided supporting information on the particle size distribution and gas-phase emissions. The pMC of PM10 aerosol increased linearly with the percentage of biodiesel present in the fuel. Therefore, PM emissions resulting from increased combustion of biodiesel fuels will likely affect contemporary C-14 apportionment efforts that attempt to split biogenic vs. anthropogenic emissions based on aerosol C-14 content. Increasing the biodiesel fuel content also reduced emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), PM10 mass, and particulate elemental carbon. Biodiesel had variable results on oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Volckens, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bennett, Maren; Stanglmaier, Rudy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Engines & Energy Convers Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [McNichol, Ann P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ellenson, William D.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lewis, Charles W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Volckens, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.volckens@colostate.edu RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010; OI Volckens, John/0000-0002-7563-9525 FU National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement [OCE-9807266] FX We thank the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory at the Colorado State University for providing the engine test bed and funding toward the dilution tunnel upgrades. In addition, Kris Quillen and Dan Mastbergen of the engines lab provided a great deal of technical support. Recognition should also be given to the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility in Woods Hole, MA for the filter analysis through support from the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement number, OCE-9807266. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.04.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342NQ UT WOS:000258791200003 ER PT J AU Ludwig, RD Su, CM Lee, TR Wilkin, RT Sass, BM AF Ludwig, Ralph D. Su, Chunming Lee, Tony R. Wilkin, Richard T. Sass, Bruce M. TI In situ source treatment of Cr(VI) using a Fe(II)-based reductant blend: Long-term monitoring and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DITHIONITE; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; IRON; DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISM; SULFATE; ION AB The long-term effectiveness of an FeSO4+Na2S2O4 reductant solution blend for in situ saturated zone treatment of dissolved and solid phase Cr(VI) in a high pH chromite ore processing solid waste fill material was investigated. Two field pilot injection studies were conducted that showed sustained treatment of Cr(VI) over evaluation periods of more than 1,000 days. No well or aquifer formation clogging was observed during injection although treatment was limited to the pore volume displacement radius of the injected reductant. Analysis of posttreatment core samples suggested >85% treatment effectiveness of solid phase Cr(VI), whereas lab tests suggested treatment of the solid phase Cr(VI) can be complete provided the chromite ore processing solid waste sediments are sufficiently dosed with the reductant. The sustained treatment of dissolved phase Cr(VI) migrating through the treatment zones for more than 1,000 days following injection provided strong evidence of a residual treatment capacity having been imparted to the formation solids. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses of posttreatment core samples indicated that much of the Cr(VI) may be removed through the formation of a Cr-bearing precipitate, possibly a complex carbonate, characterized by an Fe:Cr molar ratio of roughly 1:1. C1 [Ludwig, Ralph D.; Su, Chunming; Lee, Tony R.; Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Sass, Bruce M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Ludwig, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM ludwig.ralph@epa.gov; su.chunming@epa.gov; lee.tony@epa.gov; wilkin.rick@epa.gov; sassb@battelle.org NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2008 VL 134 IS 8 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:8(651) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327YD UT WOS:000257763500007 ER PT J AU Brar, SK Verma, M Tyagi, RD Surampalli, RY Valero, JR AF Brar, Satinder K. Verma, M. Tyagi, R. D. Surampalli, R. Y. Valero, J. R. TI Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation of primary and mixed sludge: Rheology and process performance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; RAW-MATERIAL; BIOPESTICIDES; FORMULATIONS; BROTH AB Bench scale fermentation of primary, mixed, and secondary (raw and hydrolyzed) sludge and starch industry wastewater was carried out using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. kurstaki HD-1 to test their feasibility as potential growth substrates on the basis of rheology and process performance in comparison to soyameal (semisynthetic) commercial medium. All fermented media exhibited pseudoplastic pattern, followed power law for viscosity with greater shear thinning for primary sludge (raw and hydrolyzed). Improved rheology correlated well with the fermented broth morphology. The total cell and viable spore counts, oxygen consumption, maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)), and entomotoxicity were, respectively, 2, 4, 1.5-2, and 3 folds lower in primary sludge in contrast to mixed sludge, rendering primary sludge unsuitable as raw material for Bt fermentation and eventual formulation. Further, the rheology studies of secondary sludge and starch industry wastewater proved them to be good Bt fermentation alternatives. C1 [Brar, Satinder K.; Verma, M.; Tyagi, R. D.; Valero, J. R.] Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Surampalli, R. Y.] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Tyagi, RD (reprint author), Univ Quebec, INRS, ETE, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca; mausamverma@yahoo.com; tyagi@ete.inrs.ca; surampalli.rao@epamail.epa.gov; josevalero@videotron.ca NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2008 VL 134 IS 8 BP 659 EP 670 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:8(659) PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327YD UT WOS:000257763500008 ER PT J AU Teunis, PFM Moe, CL Liu, P Miller, SE Lindesmith, L Baric, RS Le Pendu, J Calderon, RL AF Teunis, Peter F. M. Moe, Christine L. Liu, Pengbo Miller, Sara E. Lindesmith, Lisa Baric, Ralph S. Le Pendu, Jacques Calderon, Rebecca L. TI Norwalk virus: How infectious is it? SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE primary inoculum; secondary inoculum; norovirus; viral gastroenteritis; dose response; virus aggregation ID NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; DOSE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VOLUNTEERS; RECOMBINATION; TRANSMISSION; NOROVIRUSES; CHALLENGE; ROTAVIRUS AB Noroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The infectivity of Norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. A new variant of the hit theory model of microbial infection was developed to estimate the variation in Norwalk virus infectivity, as well as the degree of virus aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. Explicit modeling of viral aggregation allows us to express virus infectivity per single infectious unit (particle). Comparison of a primary and a secondary inoculum showed that passage through a human host does not change Norwalk virus infectivity. We estimate the average probability of infection for a single Norwalk virus particle to be close to 0.5, exceeding that reported for any other virus studied to date. Infected subjects had a dose-dependent probability of becoming ill, ranging from 0.1 (at a dose of 10(3) NV genomes) to 0.7 (at 10(8) virus genomes). A norovirus dose response model is important for understanding its transmission and essential for development of a quantitative risk model. Norwalk virus is a valuable model system to study virulence because genetic factors are known for both complete and partial protection; the latter can be quantitatively described as heterogeneity in dose response models. C1 [Teunis, Peter F. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Teunis, Peter F. M.; Moe, Christine L.; Liu, Pengbo] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Miller, Sara E.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Lindesmith, Lisa; Baric, Ralph S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Le Pendu, Jacques] Univ Nantes, INSERM, U982, Nantes, France. [Calderon, Rebecca L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Teunis, PFM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM peter.teunis@rivm.nl RI Moe, Christine/G-6118-2012; Liu, Pengbo/J-9801-2012; Le Pendu, Jacques/F-4760-2013 OI Liu, Pengbo/0000-0002-5269-2497; FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00046]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI056351]; PHS HHS [5R01 A105U351-03] NR 34 TC 479 Z9 487 U1 11 U2 116 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1468 EP 1476 DI 10.1002/jmv.21237 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 319NN UT WOS:000257170800022 PM 18551613 ER PT J AU Emmons, KM Geller, AC Viswanath, V Rutsch, L Zwirn, J Gorham, S Puleo, E AF Emmons, Karen M. Geller, Alan C. Viswanath, Vish Rutsch, Linda Zwirn, Jodie Gorham, Sue Puleo, Elaine TI The SunWise Policy Intervention for School-Based Sun Protection: A Pilot Study SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL NURSING LA English DT Article DE skin cancer prevention; schools; policy ID SKIN-CANCER PREVENTION; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOLS; EDUCATION; EXPOSURE AB Skin cancer is highly preventable, but clearly there is a critical need to focus on better ways to disseminate information about known skin cancer prevention. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) SunWise Program is one channel for reaching children, teachers, and school nurses. In a pilot study designed to increase adoption of school-based sun protection policies, 28 schools were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Control, which included the EPA's original SunWise curriculum toolkit; SunWise Policy, which included a revised toolkit emphasizing policy; and SunWise Policy plus Technical Assistance, which included the policy toolkit and 3 technical assistance phone calls. The enhanced SunWise Policy plus Technical Assistance intervention led to more new sun protection policies. Use of study interventions for improving sun protection practices such as policy toolkits or brief counseling can be easily interwoven into school hours by school nurses and other health educators. C1 [Emmons, Karen M.; Viswanath, Vish] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zwirn, Jodie] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Community Based Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Geller, Alan C.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rutsch, Linda] US EPA, SunWise Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gorham, Sue] Fdn Amer, SHADE, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Puleo, Elaine] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth Biostat & Epidemiol Concentrat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Emmons, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1059-8405 J9 J SCH NURS JI J. Sch. Nurs. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1177/1059840508319627 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 483SV UT WOS:000268989300006 PM 18757354 ER PT J AU Chintala, MM Tammi, KA Hancock, B AF Chintala, Marnita M. Tammi, Karin A. Hancock, Boze TI Where have all the scallops gone? Trends in Rhode Island's bay scallop populations SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chintala, Marnita M.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Tammi, Karin A.] Roger Williams Univ, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Hancock, Boze] Nature Conservancy, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 997 EP 997 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000079 ER PT J AU Horowitz, DB Peters, EC Sunila, I Wolf, DDLC AF Horowitz, Doranne Borsay Peters, Esther C. Sunila, Inke Wolf, Dvm Dacvp. Leffrey C. TI Treasures in archived histopathology collections: Preserving the past for future understanding SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Horowitz, Doranne Borsay] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Peters, Esther C.] Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Wolf, Dvm Dacvp. Leffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1017 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000149 ER PT J AU Weissberger, EJ Chintala, MM AF Weissberger, Eric J. Chintala, Marnita M. TI Bay scallop habitat suitability models: Predictions over space and time SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weissberger, Eric J.; Chintala, Marnita M.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1062 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000319 ER PT J AU Brown, KW Bouhamra, W Lamoureux, DP Evans, JS Koutrakis, P AF Brown, Kathleen Ward Bouhamra, Walid Lamoureux, Denise P. Evans, John S. Koutrakis, Petros TI Characterization of particulate matter for three sites in Kuwait SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FILTER PACK SYSTEM; AIR-POLLUTION; DAILY MORTALITY; FINE PARTICLES; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; RESIDENTIAL AREA; ORGANIC-CARBON; AMBIENT AIR; PM2.5; QUALITY AB Many studies have shown strong associations between particulate matter (PM) levels and a variety of health Outcomes, leading to changes in air quality standards in many regions, especially the United States and Europe. Kuwait, a desert country located on the Persian Gulf, has a large petroleum industry with associated industrial and urban land uses. It was marked by environmental destruction from the 1990 Iraqi invasion and subsequent oil fires. A detailed particle characterization Study was conducted over 1.2 months in 2004-2005 at three sites simultaneously with an additional 6 months at one of the sites. Two sites were in urban areas (central and Southern) and one in a remote desert location (northern). This paper reports the concentrations of particles less than 10 mu m in diameter (PM10) and fine PM (PM2.5), as well as fine particle nitrate, Sulfate, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and elements measured at the three sites. Mean annual concentrations for PM10 ranged from 66 to 93 mu g/m(3) across the three sites, exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines for PM10 of 20 mu g/m(3). The arithmetic mean PM10, concentrations varied from 38 and 37 mu g/m(3) at the central and southern sites, respectively, to 31. mu g/m(3) at the northern site. All sites had mean PM2.5, concentrations more than double the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM10 Coarse particles comprised 50-60% of PM10. The high levels of PM10 and large fraction of coarse particles comprising PM10 are partially explained by the resuspension of dust and soil from the desert crust. However, EC, OC, and most of the elements were significantly higher at the urbanized sites, compared with the more remote northern site, indicating significant pollutant contributions from local mobile and stationary sources. The particulate levels in this study are high enough to generate substantial health impacts and present opportunities for improving public health by reducing airborne PM. C1 [Brown, Kathleen Ward; Lamoureux, Denise P.; Evans, John S.; Koutrakis, Petros] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Kuwait Univ, Coll Engn & Petr, Dept Chem Engn, Kuwait, Kuwait. [Bouhamra, Walid] Kuwait Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Coll Engn & Petr, Safat 13060, Kuwait. [Evans, John S.] Harvard Univ, Kuwait Publ Hlth Project, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koutrakis, Petros] Harvard Univ, US EPA, Ctr Ambient Particle Hlth Effects, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, KW (reprint author), 1432 Knightsbridge Dr, Blue Bell, PA 19422 USA. EM kbrown@hsph.harvard.edu FU PAAC; Kuwait University; Harvard University FX The authors thank the Public Authority for Assessment of Compensation for Damages Resulting from Iraqi Aggression (PAAC) for funding and oversight of this research. The authors appreciate the detailed scientific review of our work provided by Drs. Wajih Sawaya and Peter Literathy of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. The authors appreciate the substantial contributions of the many staff from Kuwait University and Harvard University Who Supported this work, especially Amal Elkilani and A.V. Krishnan. The authors also thank the former general director, Dr. Jasim Bishara, and the researchers at the Kuwait Environmental Public Authority who graciously allowed and helped us to locate our monitoring equipment at two of their sites. Finally, the authors thank Dr. Abdul Rahman Al-Muhailan for his assistance in establishing this monitoring program. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 8 BP 994 EP 1003 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.994 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342RB UT WOS:000258800100002 PM 18720649 ER PT J AU Wang, LT Hao, JM He, KB Wang, SX Li, JH Zhang, Q Streets, DG Fu, JS Jang, CJ Takekawa, H Chatani, S AF Wang, Litao Hao, Jiming He, Kebin Wang, Shuxiao Li, Junhua Zhang, Qiang Streets, David G. Fu, Joshua S. Jang, Carey J. Takekawa, Hideto Chatani, Satoru TI A modeling study of coarse particulate matter pollution in Beijing: Regional source contributions and control implications for the 2008 summer Olympics SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MESOSCALE MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; CHINA; EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; DIOXIDE; TESTS; GAMES; ASIA AB In the last 10 yr, Beijing has made a great effort to improve its air quality. However, it is Still Suffering from regional coarse particulate matter (PM10) Pollution that could be a challenge to the promise of clean air during the 2008 Olympics. To provide scientific guidance on regional air pollution control, the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MMS) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) air quality modeling system was used to investigate the contributions of emission Sources outside the Beijing area to Pollution levels in Beijing. The contributions to the PM,, concentrations in Beijing were assessed for the following sources: power plants, industry, domestic sources, transportation, agriculture, and biomass open burning. In January, it is estimated that on average 22% of the PM10 concentrations can be attributed to outside sources, of which domestic and industrial sources contributed 37 and 31%, respectively. In August, as much as 40% of the PM10 concentrations came from regional sources, of which approximately 41% came from industry and 31% from power plants. However, the synchronous analysis of the hourly concentrations, regional contributions, and wind vectors indicates that in the heaviest Pollution periods the local emission sources play a more important role. The implications are that long-term control strategies should be based on regional-scale collaborations, and that emission abatement of local Sources may be more effective in lowering the PM10, concentration levels on the heavy pollution days. Better air quality can be attained during the Olympics by placing effective emission controls on the local sources in Beijing and by controlling emissions from industry and power plants in the surrounding regions. C1 [Wang, Litao; Hao, Jiming; He, Kebin; Wang, Shuxiao; Li, Junhua] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jang, Carey J.] US EPA, US Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Takekawa, Hideto; Chatani, Satoru] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Aichi 48011, Japan. RP Wang, LT (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM wlt@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Chatani, Satoru/B-3697-2014; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; OI Chatani, Satoru/0000-0002-6272-574X; wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NSFC [20521140077]; Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Central RD Labs; CMAQ FX This study was sponsored by NSFC (No. 20521140077), Toyota Motor Corporation, and Toyota Central R&D Labs. The authors acknowledge EPA for its assistance and funding support in CMAQ training. The authors also thank Professor Cheng Shuiyuan for providing meteorological data, and Yu Xin for his support in workstationmaintenance. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1069 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.1057 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342RB UT WOS:000258800100008 PM 18720655 ER PT J AU Konopa, SL Mulholland, JA Realff, MJ Lemieux, PM AF Konopa, Stephanie Lucero Mulholland, James A. Realff, Matthew J. Lemieux, Paul M. TI Emissions from carpet combustion in a pilot-scale rotary kiln: Comparison with coal and particle-board combustion SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WASTES AB The use of post-consumer carpet as a potential fuel Substitute in cement kilns and other high -temperature processes is being considered to address the problem of huge volumes of carpet waste and the opportunity of waste-to-energy recovery. Carpet represents a high volume waste stream, provides high energy value, and contains other recoverable materials for the production of cement. This research studied the emission characteristics of burning 0.46-kg charges of chopped nylon carpet squares, pulverized coal, and particle-board pellets in a pilot-scale natural gas-fired rotary kiln. Carpet was tested with different amounts of water added. Emissions of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and total hydrocarbons and temperatures were continuously monitored. It was found that carpet burned faster and more completely than coal and particle board, with a rapid volatile release that resulted in large and variable transient emission peaks. NO emissions from carpet combustion ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 g/MJ and were inversely related to CO emissions. Carpet combustion yielded higher NO emissions than coal and particle-board combustion, consistent with its higher nitrogen content. SO, emissions were highest for coal combustion, consistent with its higher sulfur content than carpet or particle board. Adding water to carpet slowed its burn time and reduced variability in the emission transients, reducing the CO peak but increasing NO emissions. Results of this study indicate that carpet waste can be used as an effective alternative fuel, with the caveats that it might be necessary to wet carpet or chop it finely to avoid excessive transient puff emissions due to its high volatility compared with other solid fuels, and that controlled mixing of combustion air might be used to control NO emissions from nylon carpet. C1 [Konopa, Stephanie Lucero; Mulholland, James A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Realff, Matthew J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lemieux, Paul M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mulholland, JA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jim.mulholland@ce.gatech.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1070 EP 1076 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.1070 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342RB UT WOS:000258800100009 PM 18720656 ER PT J AU Burns, CE Grear, JS AF Burns, Catherine E. Grear, Jason S. TI Effects of habitat loss on populations of white-footed mice: testing matrix model predictions with landscape-scale perturbation experiments SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat loss; mammal; model; New England; Peromyscus leucopus; population viability; simulation; spatial population model; test; white-footed mouse ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MICROTUS-OECONOMUS; SPOTTED OWL; SPACE USE; SELECTION; FRAGMENTATION; ACCURACY; DYNAMICS AB Habitat loss is the leading cause of decline in wildlife diversity and abundance throughout the world, but its effects on wildlife are not always predictable. Matrix population modeling is an increasingly common tool used to predict the effects of habitat loss. In spite of the growing number of studies using this approach, and its wide use in conservation practice, the predictions generated by matrix population models are rarely explicitly tested in the field. We compared the ability of a suite of spatially explicit demographic matrix models to predict the response of white-footed mice to loss of high quality habitat at mosaic sites in northeast Connecticut, USA. We tested short-term model predictions with landscape scale habitat perturbation experiments, including clear-cut logging or prescribed burning of high quality habitat at two study sites. Comparison of each model's predictions with the observed responses at both sites qualitatively supported predictions that perturbation of high quality habitat would have negative effects extending into the surrounding landscape. The best-supported model assumed that evicted residents of the perturbed habitat would successfully resettle in nearby intact habitats, and allowed for gradual population recovery in the perturbed habitat. Similarly, long-term simulations (20 years) revealed how loss of a single habitat could trigger population declines throughout a mosaic site. This study shows that careful consideration of model assumptions such as those pertaining to resettlement behavior is crucial if predictions are to be reliable, and highlights the role of experiments for comparing alternative model predictions. C1 [Burns, Catherine E.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Burns, Catherine E.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Grear, Jason S.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Burns, CE (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM catherine.burns@umit.maine.edu FU NSF; American Museum of Natural History; Carpenter/Sperry Fund; Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at Yale University; US EPA [07-048] FX O. Schmitz, R. Ostfeld, D. Post, D. Skelly, and S. Stearns provided valuable guidance during the conceptualization and implementation of the project. E. Palkovacs, A. Kuhn, and R. McKinney provided helpful feedback during manuscript preparation. E. Crew, L. DeMarchis, A. Gross, E. Jones, E. Kalies, and E. Palkovacs offered invaluable field assistance. This research was supported by grants to CEB: NSF pre-doctoral research fellowship, Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid-of-Research, the American Museum of Natural History, the Carpenter/Sperry Fund and the Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at Yale University. JSG was supported in part by a postdoctoral appointment at US EPA ( this is AED contribution #07-048), and CEB in part by a Brown postdoctoral fellowship at Yale University, during manuscript preparation. This article does not necessarily reflect the views of the US EPA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 817 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9239-2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 338WO UT WOS:000258540300005 ER PT J AU Lehrter, JC AF Lehrter, John C. TI Regulation of eutrophication susceptibility in oligohaline regions of a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary, Mobile Bay, Alabama SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; susceptibility; oligohaline; mixing time scales; residence times; nutrients; watershed discharge ID COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARIES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FRESH-WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; RESIDENCE TIMES; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB The factors regulating the eutrophication susceptibility of seven oligohaline regions in the sub-estuaries of Mobile Bay, Alabama were examined in a comparative analysis. The oligohaline regions differed primarily by the dominant land-use of their upstream watersheds, with two of the regions being primarily urban, two being primarily agricultural, and three being primarily forested. A stepwise model selection procedure was used to determine a suite of multiple regression models describing eutrophication response, in terms of a chlorophyll (a) under bar (chl (a) under bar) on a sampling event basis, in relation to estuarine mixing time scales, nutrient concentrations, light availability, and watershed delivery of freshwater and nutrients. The models indicated a strong positive relationship between chl (a) under bar and mixing time scales (i.e., residence time or freshwater flushing time). Mixing time scales longer than five days allowed maximum chl (a) under bar (64 mu g l(-1)), while lowest chl (a) under bar (< 1 mu g l(-1)) Occurred when mixing time scales were less than two days. Of the watershed inputs, chl (a) under bar exhibited opposing relationships with the components of freshwater load, having a negative relationship with discharge and a positive relationship with incoming freshwater nitrogen concentrations. Estuarine phosphorus concentrations and photosynthetically active radiation were also found to be good descriptors of chla. The comparative approach employed here allowed for the development of empirical models that were used to determine the nutrient concentration reductions required to achieve a trophic state of < 20 mu g l(-1) chl (a) under bar. The average reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus needed to achieve this trophic state ranged from 0 to 32%. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lehrter, John C.] Univ Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. RP Lehrter, JC (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM lehrter.john@epa.gov FU Alabama Center for Estuarine Studies; NASA-Alabama Space; NOAA-National Estuarine Research Reserve System programs FX This work Could not have been completed Without the excellent technical support provided by the staff at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab, especially Heidie Hornstra O'Neill, Leslie Craig, Laura Linn, Jean Cowan, Yantzee Hintz, Mike Dardeau, and Alan Gunter. James Hagy is gratefully acknowledged for discussions about implementing box models for modeling transport and residence times. Critical reviews of earlier drafts by Jonathan Pennock, Mike Murrell, Rick Greene, and Joan Sheldon greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Alabama Center for Estuarine Studies, and by fellowships from the NASA-Alabama Space Grant and the NOAA-National Estuarine Research Reserve System programs. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1446 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.047 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 344ZC UT WOS:000258964800022 PM 18579161 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA White, C Schock, MR AF Lytle, Darren A. White, Colin Schock, Michael R. TI Synthesis of lead pyrophosphate, Pb(2)P(2)O(7), in water SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE lead; pyrophosphate; water; corrosion ID X-RAY DATA; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; IRON; POLYPHOSPHATES; INHIBITION; PHOSPHATES; CORROSION AB Polyphosphates are used in drinking water to prevent the precipitation of cations such as calcium and iron. The possible negative impact of using polyphosphates is the undesirable complexation of lead that could result in elevated lead levels in consumers'tap water. Although the water industry has focused on complexation, lead polyphosphate solids such as lead pyrophosphate, Pb(2)P(2)O(7), have been considered in other fields and not been shown to form in water. The ability to form lead pyrophosphate in water could have a potential impact on the strategies used to reduce lead levels in drinking water distribution systems. The objective of this work was to determine whether lead pyrophosphate could form under simulated potable drinking water conditions. Lead pyrophosphate was synthesized in water (pH 8.2, 10 mg C/L, 2.7 mg Cl(2)/A) after 13 days of aging. The formation of lead pyrophosphate was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and microscopy analysis. Synthesis did not require elevated temperatures or microwave assisted approaches used by past researchers. The findings suggest that lead (and possibly other metal) pyrophosphates could conceivably form in real drinking water systems, although much more work is necessary to determine the chemistry and kinetic boundaries. C1 [Lytle, Darren A.; White, Colin; Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Treatment Technol Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Treatment Technol Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lytle.darren@epa.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1017/S1431927608080689 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 332TI UT WOS:000258105600007 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, P Colles, SM Bhat, M Van Wagoner, DR Birnbaumer, L Graham, LM AF Chaudhuri, Pinaki Colles, Scott M. Bhat, Manjunatha Van Wagoner, David R. Birnbaumer, Lutz Graham, Linda M. TI Elucidation of a TRPC6-TRPC5 channel cascade that restricts endothelial cell movement SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; TRPC6 CHANNEL; ACTIVATION; CALCIUM; LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; INSERTION; MEMBRANE AB Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are opened by classical signal transduction events initiated by receptor activation or depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Here, we report a novel mechanism for opening TRPC channels in which TRPC6 activation initiates a cascade resulting in TRPC5 translocation. When endothelial cells (ECs) are incubated in lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), rapid translocation of TRPC6 initiates calcium influx that results in externalization of TRPC5. Activation of this TRPC6-5 cascade causes a prolonged increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)) that inhibits EC movement. When TRPC5 is down-regulated with siRNA, the lysoPC-induced rise in [Ca2+](i) is shortened and the inhibition of EC migration is lessened. When TRPC6 is down-regulated or EC from TRPC6(-/-)mice are studied, lysoPC has minimal effect on [Ca2+](i) and EC migration. In addition, TRPC5 is not externalized in response to lysoPC, supporting the dependence of TRPC5 translocation on the opening of TRPC6 channels. Activation of this novel TRPC channel cascade by lysoPC, resulting in the inhibition of EC migration, could adversely impact on EC healing in atherosclerotic arteries where lysoPC is abundant. C1 [Chaudhuri, Pinaki; Colles, Scott M.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Bhat, Manjunatha] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Anesthesiol Res, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Van Wagoner, David R.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Mol Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Graham, Linda M.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Vasc Surg, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Graham, LM (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM grahamL@ccf.org FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HL41178, HL64357]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Intramural Research Program of the NIH FX The authors thank Laurie Castel for her invaluable assistance with the patch clamp studies. This work was supported in part by extramural grants HL41178 and HL64357 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (L.M.G.) and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (L.B.). NR 31 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8 BP 3203 EP 3211 DI 10.1091/mbc.E07-08-0765 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 347SD UT WOS:000259160400003 PM 18495872 ER PT J AU Li, LH Chen, T Stanton, JD Sueyoshi, T Negishi, M Wang, HB AF Li, Linhao Chen, Tao Stanton, Joseph D. Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Negishi, Masahiko Wang, Hongbing TI The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand 1-(2-chlorophenyl-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide is a novel antagonist of human constitutive androstane receptor SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYP2B6 GENE-EXPRESSION; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; ACTIVE/ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; XENOBIOTIC INDUCTION; ENHANCER MODULE; AGONIST LIGAND; MOUSE-LIVER; CROSS-TALK; CAR AB As a promiscuous xenobiotic sensor, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3) regulates the expression of multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in liver. The constitutively activated nature of CAR in the cell-based transfection assays has hindered its use as a predictor of metabolism-based drug-drug interactions. Here, we have identified 1-(2-chlorophenylmethylpropyl)-3- isoquinoline-carboxamide (PK11195), a typical peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligand, as a selective and potent inhibitor of human (h) CAR. In cell-based transfection assays, PK11195 inhibited the constitutive activity of hCAR more than 80% at the concentration of 10 mu M, and the PK11195-inhibited activity was efficiently reactivated by the direct CAR activator, 6-(4-chlorophenyl) imidazo[2,1-b][1,3] thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) oxime, but not by the indirect hCAR activator, phenobarbital. Mammalian two-hybrid and GST pull-down assays showed that PK11195 repressed the interactions of hCAR with the coactivators steroid receptor coactivator-1 and glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 to inhibit hCAR activity. The inhibition by PK11195 specifically occurred to the hCAR: PK1195 strongly activated human pregnane X receptor (PXR), whereas it did not alter the activity of the mouse CAR and mouse PXR. In addition, PBR played no role in the PK11195 inhibition of hCAR because the inhibition fully occurred in the HeLa cells in which the PBR was knocked down by small interfering RNA. In the Car(-/-) mouse liver, PK11195 translocated enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-hCAR into the nucleus. These results are consistent with the conclusion that PK11195 is a novel hCAR-specific antagonist that represses the CAR-coactivator interactions to inhibit the receptor activity inside the nucleus. Thus, PK11195 can be used as a chemical tool for studying the molecular basis of CAR function. C1 [Li, Linhao; Chen, Tao; Stanton, Joseph D.; Wang, Hongbing] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sueyoshi, Tatsuya; Negishi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Environm & Hlth Sci, Pharmacogenet Sect, Lab Reprod & Dev Toxicol, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wang, HB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hwang@rx.umaryland.edu RI Li, Linhao/A-6348-2013; chen, Tao/I-4900-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES080040-22]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK061652, R01 DK061652-06, R01 DK061652] NR 41 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1124/mol.108.046656 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 329GH UT WOS:000257854400016 PM 18492798 ER PT J AU Shields, AR Smith, WO AF Shields, Amy R. Smith, Walker O., Jr. TI An examination of the role of colonial Phaeocystis antarctica in the microbial food web of the Ross Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phaeocystis; Ross sea; microzooplankton; grazing ID GLOBOSA PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; MICROZOOPLANKTON HERBIVORY; HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS; GRAZING IMPACT; FEEDING RATES; GROWTH-RATES; NORTH-SEA; BLOOMS; PREY; SIZE AB The extensive buildup of phytoplankton biomass in the Ross Sea conflicts with the view that high rates of herbivory occur in all regions of the Southern Ocean. Nano and microplanktonic consumers comprise a significant fraction of total plankton biomass; however, the importance of grazing remains uncertain in the Ross Sea. Microzooplankton ingestion of solitary and colonial cells of Phaeocystis antarctica were calculated using a novel live-staining fluorescently-labeled algae method. Different morphotypes of P. antarctica were stained different colors, mixed, and observed inside Euplotes to determine their feeding preference. The blue (7-aminocoumarin) (CMAC) stain was used on the colonies and the green (CMFDA) CellTracker Probe was used on solitary cells. Both morphotypes can be seen inside the food vacuoles of the ciliate, supporting the idea that microzooplankton are capable of ingesting cells within the colonial matrix. This suggests that P. antarctica colonies enter the microbial loop in the Ross Sea before sedimentation. C1 [Shields, Amy R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Shields, Amy R.; Smith, Walker O., Jr.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Shields, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM shields.amy@epa.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1091 EP 1099 DI 10.1007/s00300-008-0450-z PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332CI UT WOS:000258059000009 ER PT J AU Grange, AH Sovocool, GW AF Grange, Andrew H. Sovocool, G. Wayne TI Automated determination of precursor ion, product ion, and neutral loss compositions and deconvolution of composite mass spectra using ion correlation based on exact masses and relative isotopic abundances SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; MAXIMIZE THROUGHPUT; CORRELATION PROGRAM; OPEN-AIR; SPECTROMETRY; ACCELERATION; ELUCIDATION; WATER AB After an accidental, deliberate, or weather-related dispersion of chemicals (dispersive event), rapid determination of elemental compositions of ions in mass spectra is essential for tentatively identifying compounds. A direct analysis in real time (DART)(R) ion source interfaced to a JEOL AccuTOF (R) mass spectrometer provided exact masses accurate to within 2 mDa for most ions in full scan mass spectra and relative isotopic abundances (RIAs) accurate to within 15-20% for abundant isotopic ions. To speed determination of the correct composition for precursor ions and most product ions and neutral losses, a three-part software suite was developed. Starting with text files of m/z ratios and their ion abundances from mass spectra acquired at low, moderate, and high collision energies, the ion extraction program UP) compiled lists for the most abundant monoisotopic ions of their exact masses and the RIAs of the +1 and +2 isotopic peaks when abundance thresholds were met; precursor ions; and higher-mass, precursor-related species. The ion correlation program (ICP) determined if a precursor ion composition could yield a product ion and corresponding neutral loss compositions for each product ion in turn. The input and output program (IOP) provided the ICP with each precursor ion:product ion pair for multiple sets of error limits and prepared correlation lists for single or multiple precursor ions. The software determined the correct precursor ion compositions for 21 individual standards and for three- and seven-component mixtures. Partial deconvolution of composite mass spectra was achieved based on exact masses and RIAs, rather than on chromatography. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Grange, Andrew H.; Sovocool, G. Wayne] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM grange.andrew@epa.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 15 BP 2375 EP 2390 DI 10.1002/rcm.3619 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 333YB UT WOS:000258188400011 PM 18623041 ER PT J AU Kayler, ZE Sulzman, EW Marshall, JD Mix, A Rugh, WD Bond, BJ AF Kayler, Zachary E. Sulzman, Elizabeth W. Marshall, John D. Mix, Alan Rugh, William D. Bond, Barbara J. TI A laboratory comparison of two methods used to estimate the isotopic composition of soil delta(CO2)-C-13 efflux at steady state SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-CYCLE RESEARCH; RESPIRED CO2; RESPIRATION; DIOXIDE; FOREST; DELTA-C-13; CHAMBERS; SYSTEM; FIELD AB The stable isotopic composition of soil (CO2)-C-13 flux is important for monitoring soil biological and physical processes. While several methods exist to measure the isotopic composition of soil flux, we do not know how effective each method is at achieving this goal. To provide clear evidence of the accuracy of current measurement techniques we created a column filled with quartz sand through which a gas of known isotopic composition (-34.2 parts per thousand) and concentration (3000 ppm) diffused for 7 h. We used a static chamber at equilibrium and a soil probe technique to test whether they could identify the isotopic signature of the known gas source. The static chamber is designed to identify the source gas isotopic composition when in equilibrium with the soil gas, and the soil probe method relies on a mixing model of samples withdrawn from three gas wells at different depths to identify the gas source. We sampled from ports installed along the side of the sand column to describe the isotopic and concentration gradient as well as to serve as a control for the soil probe. The soil probe produced similar isotopic and concentration values as the control ports, as well as Keeling intercepts. The static chamber at equilibrium did not identify the source gas but, when applied in a two end-member mixing model, did produce a similar Keeling intercept produced from the control ports. Neither of the methods was able to identify the source gas via the Keeling plot method probably because CO2 profiles did not reach isotopic steady state. Our results, showed that the static chamber at equilibrium should be used only with a Keeling plot approach and that the soil probe is able to provide estimates of uncertainty for the isotopic composition of soil gas as well as information pertinent to the soil profile. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kayler, Zachary E.; Bond, Barbara J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sulzman, Elizabeth W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Marshall, John D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rugh, William D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rugh, William D.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Kayler, ZE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM zachary.kayler@oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0132737, DEB 0416060] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (grants DEB 0132737, DEB 0416060) and the Ecoinformatics IGERT at OSU. We thank Renee Brooks, Claire Phillips and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank Benjamin Miller of ISIL and Andrew Ross of the COAS mass spectrometry lab for their assistance in running samples. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 16 BP 2533 EP 2538 DI 10.1002/rcm.3643 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 340DX UT WOS:000258627400017 PM 18636429 ER PT J AU Aylward, LL Barton, HA Hays, SM AF Aylward, Lesa L. Barton, Hugh A. Hays, Sean M. TI Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) dossier for toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3) SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; Biomonitoring Equivalents; BEs; toluene; pharmacokinetics ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; SOLVENT EXPOSURE; HIPPURIC-ACID; O-CRESOL; BIOMARKERS; HUMANS; BLOOD; RATS; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Recent efforts by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other researchers have resulted in a growing database of measured concentrations of chemical substances in blood or urine samples taken from the general population. However, few tools exist to assist in the interpretation of the measured values in a health risk context. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) are defined as the concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical or its metabolite in a biological medium (blood urine or other,, medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guideline. This document reviews available pharmacokinetic data and models for toluene and applies these data and models to existing health-based exposure guidance values from the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Health Canada, and the World Health Organization, to estimate corresponding BE values for toluene in blood. These values can be used as screening tools for evaluation of biomonitoring data for toluene in the context of existing risk assessments for toluene and for prioritization of the potential need for additional risk assessment efforts for toluene. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hays, Sean M.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. [Aylward, Lesa L.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Falls Church, VA 22044 USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, SM (reprint author), Summit Toxicol LLP, 165 Valley Rd, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. EM shays@summittoxicology.com RI Aylward, Lesa/F-7418-2012 OI Aylward, Lesa/0000-0003-3191-8175 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 SU 1 BP S27 EP S36 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.05.009 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 336EG UT WOS:000258346500005 PM 18583006 ER PT J AU Hays, SM Aylward, LL LaKind, JS Bartels, MJ Barton, HA Boogaard, PJ Brunk, C Dizio, S Dourson, M Goldstein, DA Lipscomb, J Kilpatrick, ME Krewski, D Krishnan, K Nordberg, M Okino, M Tan, YM Viau, C Yager, JW AF Hays, Sean M. Aylward, Lesa L. LaKind, Judy S. Bartels, Michael J. Barton, Hugh A. Boogaard, Peter J. Brunk, Conrad DiZio, Stephen Dourson, Michael Goldstein, Daniel A. Lipscomb, John Kilpatrick, Michael E. Krewski, Daniel Krishnan, Kannan Nordberg, Monica Okino, Miles Tan, Yu-Mei Viau, Claude Yager, Janice W. TI Guidelines for the derivation of Biomonitoring Equivalents: Report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; Biomonitoring Equivalents; BEs; exposure guidance values; risk assessment ID REFERENCE VALUES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; URINE SAMPLES; EXCRETION; EXPOSURE; CREATININE; CHILDREN; VARIABILITY; WATER; DIET AB Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) are defined as the concentration of a chemical (or metabolite) in a biological medium (blood, urine, human milk, etc.) consistent with defined exposure guidance values or toxicity criteria including reference doses and reference concentrations (RfD and RfCs), minimal risk levels (MRLs), or tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) [Hays, S.M., Becker, R.A., Leung, H.W., Aylward, L.L., Pyatt, D.W., 2007. Biomonitoring equivalents: a screening approach for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health risk perspective. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 47(1), 96-109]. The utility of the BE is to provide a screening tool for placing biomonitoring data into a health risk context. A Panel of experts took part in the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop to discuss the various technical issues associated with calculating BEs and developed a set of guidelines for use in the derivation of BEs. Issues addressed included the role of the point of departure (POD) in BE derivation, the appropriate application of human and animal kinetic data and models, consideration of default uncertainty factor components in the context of internal dose-based extrapolations, and relevance of mode of action to technical choices in kinetic modeling and identification of screening values. The findings from this Expert Panel Workshop on BE derivation are presented and provide a set of guidelines and considerations for use in BE derivation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hays, Sean M.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. [Aylward, Lesa L.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Falls Church, VA 22044 USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Bartels, Michael J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Boogaard, Peter J.] Shell Int, Shell Hlth, NL-2501 AN The Hague, Netherlands. [Brunk, Conrad] Univ Victoria, Ctr Studies Relig & Soc, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [DiZio, Stephen] Interstate Technol & Regulatory Council, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Dourson, Michael] Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. [Goldstein, Daniel A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Lipscomb, John] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kilpatrick, Michael E.] US Dept Def, Force Hlth Protect & Readiness Programs, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Krewski, Daniel] Univ Ottawa, Inst Populat Hlth, R Samuel McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessm, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Krishnan, Kannan; Viau, Claude] Univ Montreal, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travavil, Montreal, PQ H3T 1A8, Canada. [Nordberg, Monica] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Okino, Miles] US EPA, EDRB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Tan, Yu-Mei] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Yager, Janice W.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hays, SM (reprint author), Summit Toxicol LLP, 165 Valley Rd, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. EM shays@summittoxicology.com RI Aylward, Lesa/F-7418-2012; OI Aylward, Lesa/0000-0003-3191-8175; Nordberg, Monica/0000-0002-5315-1633; Boogaard, Peter J./0000-0002-6964-6681 NR 31 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 SU 1 BP S4 EP S15 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.05.004 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 336EG UT WOS:000258346500003 PM 18583008 ER PT J AU LaKind, JS Aylward, LL Brunk, C Dizio, S Dourson, M Goldstein, DA Kilpatrick, ME Krewski, D Bartels, MJ Barton, HA Boogaard, PJ Lipscomb, J Krishnan, K Nordberg, M Okino, M Tan, YM Viau, C Yager, JW Hays, SM AF LaKind, Judy S. Aylward, Lesa L. Brunk, Conrad DiZio, Stephen Dourson, Michael Goldstein, Daniel A. Kilpatrick, Michael E. Krewski, Daniel Bartels, Michael J. Barton, Hugh A. Boogaard, Peter J. Lipscomb, John Krishnan, Kannan Nordberg, Monica Okino, Miles Tan, Yu-Mei Viau, Claude Yager, Janice W. Hays, Sean M. TI Guidelines for the communication of Biomonitoring Equivalents: Report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; Biomonitoring Equivalents; risk communication; BEs; transparency; exposure guidance values ID EFFECTIVE RISK COMMUNICATION; DIETARY-FAT; CHOLESTEROL AB Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) are screening tools for interpreting biomonitoring data. However, the development of BEs brings to the public a relatively novel concept in the field of health risk assessment and presents new challenges for environmental risk communication. This paper provides guidance on methods for conveying information to the general public, the health care community, regulators and other interested parties regarding how chemical-specific BEs are derived, what they mean in terms of health, and the challenges and questions related to interpretation and communication of biomonitoring data. Key communication issues include: (i) developing a definition of the BE that accurately captures the BE concept in lay terms, (ii) how to compare population biomonitoring data to BEs, (iii) interpreting biomonitoring data that exceed BEs for a specific chemical, (iv) how to best describe the confidence in chemical-specific BEs, and (v) key requirements for effective communication with health care professionals. While the risk communication literature specific to biomonitoring is sparse, many of the concepts developed for traditional risk assessments apply, including transparency and discussions of confidence and uncertainty. Communication of BEs will require outreach, education, and development of communication materials specific to several audiences including the lay public and health care providers. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved. C1 [Hays, Sean M.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. [LaKind, Judy S.] LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Aylward, Lesa L.] Summit Toxicol LLP, Falls Church, VA 22044 USA. [Brunk, Conrad] Univ Victoria, Ctr Studies Relig & Soc, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [DiZio, Stephen] Interstate Technol &Regulatory Council, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Dourson, Michael] Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. [Goldstein, Daniel A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Kilpatrick, Michael E.] US Dept Def, Force Hlth Protect & Readiness Programs, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Krewski, Daniel] Univ Ottawa, Inst Populat Hlth, R Samuel McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessm, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Bartels, Michael J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Barton, Hugh A.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boogaard, Peter J.] Shell Int, Shell Hlth, NL-2501 AN The Hague, Netherlands. [Lipscomb, John] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Krishnan, Kannan; Viau, Claude] Univ Montreal, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travail, Montreal, PQ H3T 1A8, Canada. [Nordberg, Monica] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Okino, Miles] US EPA, EDRB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Tan, Yu-Mei] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Yager, Janice W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hays, SM (reprint author), Summit Toxicol LLP, 165 Valley Rd, Lyons, CO 80540 USA. EM shays@summittoxicology.com RI Aylward, Lesa/F-7418-2012; OI Aylward, Lesa/0000-0003-3191-8175; Nordberg, Monica/0000-0002-5315-1633; Boogaard, Peter J./0000-0002-6964-6681 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 SU 1 BP S16 EP S26 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.05.007 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 336EG UT WOS:000258346500004 PM 18579271 ER PT J AU Meek, ME Sonawane, B Becker, RA AF Meek, M. E. Sonawane, B. Becker, R. A. TI Foreword: Biomonitoring Equivalents special issue SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE biomonitoring; Biomonitoring Equivalents; human exposure; risk assessment AB The challenge of interpreting results of biomonitoring for environmental chemicals in humans is highlighted in this Foreword to the Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) special issue of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. There is a pressing need to develop risk-based tools in order to empower scientists and health professionals to interpret and communicate the significance of human biomonitoring data. The BE approach, which integrates dosimetry and risk assessment methods, represents an important advancement on the path toward achieving this objective. The articles in this issue, developed as a result of an expert panel meeting, present guidelines for derivation of BEs, guidelines for communication using BEs and several case studies illustrating application of the BE approach for specific substances. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Becker, R. A.] Amer Chem Council, Regulatory Tech Affairs Dept, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Meek, M. E.] Univ Ottawa, R Samuel McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessm, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sonawane, B.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Becker, RA (reprint author), Amer Chem Council, Regulatory Tech Affairs Dept, 1300 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM Rick_Becker@americanchemistry.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 SU 1 BP S3 EP S3 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.008 PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 336EG UT WOS:000258346500002 PM 18395953 ER PT J AU Cullen, AC Corrales, MA Kramer, CB Faustman, EM AF Cullen, Alison C. Corrales, Mark A. Kramer, C. Bradley Faustman, Elaine M. TI The application of genetic information for regulatory standard setting under the Clean Air Act: A decision-analytic approach SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE asthma; Clean Air Act; decision analysis; gene-environment interaction; genetics; particulate matter; risk analysis ID DUTCH POPULATION; HUMAN GENOME; ASTHMA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERLEUKIN-13; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; POLYMORPHISMS; POLLUTION; CHILDREN AB In 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released an "Interim Policy on Genomics," stating a commitment to developing guidance on the inclusion of genetic information in regulatory decision making. This statement was followed in 2004 by a document exploring the potential implications. Genetic information can play a key role in understanding and quantifying human susceptibility, an essential step in many of the risk assessments used to shape policy. For example, the federal Clean Air Act (CAA) requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants at levels to protect even sensitive populations from adverse health effects with an adequate margin of safety. Asthmatics are generally regarded as a sensitive population, yet substantial research gaps in understanding genetic susceptibility and disease have hindered quantitative risk analysis. This case study assesses the potential role of genomic information regarding susceptible populations in the NAAQS process for fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) under the CAA. In this initial assessment, we model the contribution of a single polymorphism to asthma risk and mortality risk; however, multiple polymorphisms and interactions (gene-gene and gene-environment) are known to play key roles in the disease process. We show that the impact of new information about susceptibility on estimates of population risk or average risk derived from large epidemiological studies depends on the circumstances. We also suggest that analysis of a single polymorphism, or other risk factor such as health status, may or may not change estimates of individual risk enough to alter a particular regulatory decision, but this depends on specific characteristics of the decision and risk information. We also show how new information about susceptibility in the context of the NAAQS for PM(2.5) could have a large impact on the estimated distribution of individual risk. This would occur if a group were consequently identified (based on genetic and/or disease status), that accounted for a disproportionate share of observed effects. Our results highlight certain conditions under which genetic information is likely to have an impact on risk estimates and the balance of costs and benefits within groups, and highlight critical research needs. As future studies explore more fully the relationship between exposure, genetic makeup, and disease status, the opportunity for genetic information and disease status to play pivotal roles in regulation can only increase. C1 [Cullen, Alison C.] Univ Washington, Daniel J Evans Sch Publ Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cullen, Alison C.; Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Ctr Study & Improvement Regulat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Corrales, Mark A.] US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Adm Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Kramer, C. Bradley] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Faustman, Elaine M.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Inst Risk Anal & Risk Commun, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cullen, AC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Daniel J Evans Sch Publ Affairs, Box 353055, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM alison@u.washington.edu OI Faustman, Elaine/0000-0002-3085-6403 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07033, ES-09601] NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 877 EP 890 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01084.x PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 332JB UT WOS:000258078200007 PM 18631305 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, RP Chen, C Crump, KS DeVoney, D Fox, JF Portier, CJ Schlosser, PM Thompson, CM White, P AF Subramaniam, Ravi P. Chen, Chao Crump, Kenny S. DeVoney, Danielle Fox, John F. Portier, Christopher J. Schlosser, Paul M. Thompson, Chad M. White, Paul TI Uncertainties in biologically-based modeling of formaldehyde-induced respiratory cancer risk: Identification of key issues SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE biologically-based dose response; formaldehyde; two-stage cancer model ID PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; FLUX PREDICTIONS; RAT-LIVER; ORAL KERATINOCYTES; DEATH APOPTOSIS; HUMAN NOSE AB In a series of articles and a health-risk assessment report, scientists at the CIIT Hamner Institutes developed a model (CIIT model) for estimating respiratory cancer risk due to inhaled formaldehyde within a conceptual framework incorporating extensive mechanistic information and advanced computational methods at the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic levels. Several regulatory bodies have utilized predictions from this model; on the other hand, upon detailed evaluation the California EPA has decided against doing so. In this article, we study the CIIT model to identify key biological and statistical uncertainties that need careful evaluation if such two-stage clonal expansion models are to be used for extrapolation of cancer risk from animal bioassays to human exposure. Broadly, these issues pertain to the use and interpretation of experimental labeling index and tumor data, the evaluation and biological interpretation of estimated parameters, and uncertainties in model specification, in particular that of initiated cells. We also identify key uncertainties in the scale-up of the CIIT model to humans, focusing on assumptions underlying model parameters for cell replication rates and formaldehyde-induced mutation. We discuss uncertainties in identifying parameter values in the model used to estimate and extrapolate DNA protein cross-link levels. The authors of the CIIT modeling endeavor characterized their human risk estimates as "conservative in the face of modeling uncertainties." The uncertainties discussed in this article indicate that such a claim is premature. C1 [Subramaniam, Ravi P.; Chen, Chao; DeVoney, Danielle; Fox, John F.; Schlosser, Paul M.; Thompson, Chad M.; White, Paul] US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Crump, Kenny S.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Portier, Christopher J.] NIEHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Subramaniam, RP (reprint author), US EPA, NCEA, ORD, Mailcode 8623-P,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Subramaniam.Ravi@epa.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Schlosser, Paul/0000-0002-9699-9108 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES048002-20] NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 907 EP 923 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01083.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 332JB UT WOS:000258078200009 PM 18564991 ER PT J AU Vonderheide, AP Mueller, KE Meija, J Welsh, GL AF Vonderheide, Anne P. Mueller, Kevin E. Meija, Juris Welsh, Gwendolyn L. TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: Causes for concern and knowledge gaps regarding environmental distribution, fate and toxicity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PBDEs; Brominated flame retardants; Environmental occurrence; Toxicology; Biological occurrence ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PBDE LEVELS; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER AB This manuscript critically considers several areas of study of the polybrominated diphenyl ether compounds. Specifically, a brief review of PBDE toxicity is followed by an in depth discussion of PBDE occurrence in abiotic and biotic environmental matrices. Temporal and geographic trends are examined in conjunction with risk assessment factors. Rather than summarize or tabulate the growing body of literature on PBDEs in the environment, the overall goal of this review paper is to highlight broad patterns that may contribute to a more holistic understanding of PBDE behavior in the environment, as well as to identify critical areas of research that warrant further attention. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vonderheide, Anne P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Mueller, Kevin E.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Meija, Juris] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Welsh, Gwendolyn L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Vonderheide, AP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Chem Exposure Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vonderheide.anne@epa.gov OI Mueller, Kevin/0000-0002-0739-7472; Meija, Juris/0000-0002-3349-5535 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 96 TC 117 Z9 130 U1 8 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377KA UT WOS:000261248900027 PM 18571221 ER PT J AU Champ, MA Flemer, DA Noland, GM AF Champ, Michael A. Flemer, David A. Noland, Gary M. TI The 21st century environmental crisis SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Flemer, David A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 342WM UT WOS:000258814300010 ER PT J AU Iiames, JS Congalton, R Pilant, A Lewis, T AF Iiames, John S., Jr. Congalton, Russell Pilant, Andrew Lewis, Timothy TI Validation of an integrated estimation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) leaf area index (LAI) using two indirect optical methods in the southeastern United States SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE LAI; TRAC; DHP; allometric; MODIS; general ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN; LONG-TERM GROWTH; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; FORESTS; NUTRIENT; CONIFER; STANDS; WATER; AVAILABILITY AB Quality assessment of satellite-derived leaf area index (LAI) products requires appropriate ground measurements for validation. Since the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launch of Terra (1999) and Aqua (2001), 1-km, 8-day composited retrievals of LAI have been produced for six biome classes worldwide. The evergreen needle leaf biome has been examined at numerous validation sites, but the dominant commercial species in the southeastern United States, labially pine (Pinus taeda), has not been investigated. The objective of this research was to evaluate an in situ optical LAI estimation technique combining measurements from the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC) optical sensor and digital hemispherical photography (DHP) in the southeastern US P. taeda, forests. Stand-level LAI estimated from allometric regression equations developed from whole-free harvest data were compared to TRAC-DHP optical LAI estimates at a study site located in the North Carolina Sandhills Region. Within-shoot clumping, (i.e., the needle-to-shoot area ratio [gamma(E)]) was estimated at 1.21 and fell within the range of previously reported values for coniferous species (1.2-2.1). The woody-to-total area ratio (alpha = 0.31) was within the range of other published results (0.11-0.34). Overall, the indirect optical TRAC-DHP method of determining LAI was similar to LAI estimates that had been derived from allometric equations from whole-tree harvests. The TRAC-DHP yielded a value 0.14 LAI units below that retrieved from stand-level whole-tree harvest allometric equations. DHP alone yielded the best LAI estimate, a 0.04 LAI unit differential compared with the same allometrically derived LAI. C1 [Iiames, John S., Jr.] US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27612 USA. [Congalton, Russell] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lewis, Timothy] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Iiames, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Landscape Characterizat Branch, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27612 USA. EM iiames.john@epa.gov; russ.congalton@unh.edu; Pilant.drew@epa.gov; Timothy.e.lewis@erdc.usace.army.mil FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We would also like to thank Dr. Lee Allen and Tim Albaugh from North Carolina Stare University for their input into this project. Also, Pete Anderson, with the United States Forest Service was especially helpful with location/access issues at the SETRES site. Sylvain Leblanc from the Canadian Center for Remote Sensing was very helpful with his review and input into indirect optical LAI measurement theory. Notice: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded and conducted the research described in this paper. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and has been approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of any trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 338EV UT WOS:000258489600001 ER PT J AU Evans, MV Dowd, SM Kenyon, EM Hughes, MF El-Masri, HA AF Evans, Marina V. Dowd, Sean M. Kenyon, Elaina M. Hughes, Michael F. El-Masri, Hisham A. TI A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for intravenous and ingested dimethylarsinic acid in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model; toxicokinetics; dimethylarsinic acid ID HUMAN RISK-ASSESSMENT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; URINARY-EXCRETION; ARSENIC METABOLITES; INORGANIC ARSENICS; MAIN METABOLITE; F344 RATS; DISPOSITION; MOUSE; EXPOSURE AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the organoarsenical dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) was developed in mice. The model was calibrated using tissue time course data from multiple tissues in mice administered DMA(V) intravenously. The final model structure was based on diffusion limitation kinetics. In general, PBPK models use the assumption of blood flow-limited transport into tissues. This assumption has historically worked for small lipophilic organic solvents. However, the conditions under which flow-limited kinetics occurs and how to distinguish when flow-limited versus diffusion-limited transport is more appropriate, have been rarely evaluated. One important goal of this modeling effort was to systematically evaluate descriptions of flow-limited compared with diffusion-limited tissue distribution for DMA(V), using the relatively extensive pharmacokinetic data available in mice. The diffusion-limited model consistently provided an improved fit over flow-limited simulations when compared with tissue time course iv experimental data. After model calibration, an independent data set obtained by oral gavage of DMA(V), was used to further test model structure. Sensitivity analysis of the two PBPK model structures showed the importance of early time course data collection, and the impact of diffusion for kidney time course data description. In summary, this modeling effort suggests the importance of availability of organ specific time course data sets necessary for the discernment of PBPK modeling structure, motivated by knowledge of biology, and providing necessary feedback between experimental design and biological modelers. C1 [Evans, Marina V.; Dowd, Sean M.; Kenyon, Elaina M.; Hughes, Michael F.; El-Masri, Hisham A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Evans, MV (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD B143-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM evans.marina@epa.gov OI Dowd, Sean/0000-0002-1444-1603 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn080 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 328HR UT WOS:000257789500002 PM 18430741 ER PT J AU Whalen, MM DeWitt, JC Luebke, RW AF Whalen, Margaret M. DeWitt, Jamie C. Luebke, Robert W. TI Serum supplementation modulates the effects of dibutyltin on human natural killer cell function SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dibutyltin dichloride; natural killer cells; immunotoxicity; in vitro methods ID THYMUS-DEPENDENT IMMUNITY; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; IN-VITRO; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; PHENYLTIN COMPOUNDS; CYTOTOXIC FUNCTION; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; ATP LEVELS; EXPOSURE; RATS AB Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes capable of killing tumor cells, virally infected cells and antibody-coated cells. Dibutyltin (DBT) dichloride is an organotin used as a stabilizer in polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastics and as a deworming product in poultry. DBT may leach from PVC water supply pipes and therefore poses a potential risk to human health. We previously reported diminished NK cells lysis of tumor cells following exposure to DBT in serum-free cell culture medium. However, under in vivo conditions, circulating cells will be exposed to DBT in the presence of 100% plasma; thus we investigated whether serum supplementation and incubation time modulates DBT effects on NK cell killing and the accumulation of DBT in freshly isolated NK cells, to determine whether a serum-free model accurately predicts possible effects of DBT on human NK cells under in vivo conditions. Lytic function was decreased by approximately 35% at an intracellular DBT (DBTi) concentration of 200 mu M and nearly complete loss of lytic function was observed at DBTi above 300 mu M for one h. However, an intracellular concentration of 50 mu M DBT, achieved over 24 h of exposure in 50% serum, reduced lytic function by 50%. Thus, conditions that reflect prolonged contact with circulating DBT, in the presence of serum, suggest that NK cell activity is decreased at lower DBTi. These data indicate that the model is useful in predicting potential human effects of relatively low DBTi concentrations. C1 [DeWitt, Jamie C.; Luebke, Robert W.] US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Whalen, Margaret M.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [DeWitt, Jamie C.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, NHEERL, MD B143-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Luebke.robert@epa.gov OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [2S06GM-08092-28, S06 GM008092] NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 BP 312 EP 319 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn082 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 328HR UT WOS:000257789500008 PM 18441343 ER PT J AU Wiege, K Ali, SR Konrad, S Piekorz, R Gohla, A Nurnberg, B Birnbaumer, L Schmidt, RE Gessner, JE AF Wiege, K. Ali, S. R. Konrad, S. Piekorz, R. Gohla, A. Nuernberg, B. Birnbaumer, L. Schmidt, R. E. Gessner, J. E. TI A specific role for Ga(i2) in innate immune cell migration during homeostasis and inflammation SO WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wiege, K.; Konrad, S.; Schmidt, R. E.; Gessner, J. E.] Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Hannover, Germany. [Ali, S. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Gohla, A.; Nuernberg, B.] Uni Kliniken Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol 2, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Birnbaumer, L.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI ali, syed/J-6124-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0043-5325 J9 WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR JI Wien. Klin. Wochen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 120 SU 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 350QB UT WOS:000259367100323 ER PT J AU Slotkin, TA Seidler, FJ Wood, CR Lau, C AF Slotkin, Theodore A. Seidler, Frederic J. Wood, Carmen R. Lau, Christopher TI Development of glucocorticoid receptor regulation in the rat forebrain: Implications for adverse effects of glucocorticoids in preterm infants SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE dexamethasone; glucocorticoids; glucocorticoid receptor; preterm delivery ID LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES; MESSENGER-RNA; ANTENATAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS; DEXAMETHASONE TREATMENT; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS; PERIODS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PLASTICITY AB Glucocorticoids are the consensus treatment to avoid respiratory distress in preterm infants but there is accumulating evidence that these agents evoke long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Earlier, we showed that the developing rat forebrain is far more sensitive to glucocorticoid-induced disruption in the fetus than in the neonate. Feedback regulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) is an essential homeostatic mechanism and we therefore examined the development of GR downregulation in the perinatal period. Pregnant rats or newborn pups were given dexamethasone daily (gestational days 17-19, postnatal days 1-3, or postnatal days 7-9), ranging from doses below that recommended for use in preterm infants (0.05 mg/kg) to therapeutic doses (0.2 or 0.8 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last injection, we determined forebrain GR protein by Western blotting. Although postnatal dexamethasone treatment downregulated GRs at all doses, the fetal forebrain failed to show any decrement and instead exhibited slight GR upregulation. In controls, forebrain GR levels also showed a large increment over the course from late gestation through the second postnatal week, despite the fact that circulating glucocorticoid levels increase substantially during this period. Our results suggest that GR homeostasis develops primarily postnatally and that fetal inability to downregulate GRs in the face of exogenous glucocorticoid administration plays a role in the vulnerability of key neural circuits to developmental disruption. Since this developmental phase in the rat corresponds to the critical period in which glucocorticoids are used in preterm infants, adverse effects on brain development may be inescapable. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Slotkin, Theodore A.; Seidler, Frederic J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Wood, Carmen R.; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Slotkin, TA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Box 3813 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM t.slotkin@duke.edu; seidler@duke.edu; wood.carmen@epa.gov; lau.christopher@epa.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 5 BP 531 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.002 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 320TB UT WOS:000257256800012 PM 18534262 ER PT J AU Mundy, WR Robinette, B Radio, NM Freudenrich, TM AF Mundy, William R. Robinette, Brian Radio, Nicholas M. Freudenrich, Theresa M. TI Protein biomarkers associated with growth and synaptogenesis in a cell culture model of neuronal development SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebellar granule cells; in vitro; neurite growth; synaptogenesis ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; IN-VITRO; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; MAP KINASE; SYNAPSIN-I; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; RAT-BRAIN; NEUROFILAMENT EXPRESSION; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS AB Cerebellar granule cells (CGC) provide a homogenous population of cells which can be used as an in vitro model for studying the cellular processes involved in the normal development of the CNS. They may also be useful for hazard identification as in vitro screens for developmental neurotoxicity. The present study examined morphologic and biochemical markers of CGC neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in vitro using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. CGC exhibit a rapid outgrowth of neurites over 14 days in vitro, concomitant with the expression of the synaptic protein Synapsin 1 that was observed as puncta associated with cell bodies and neurites. The expression of neurotypic proteins associated with the cytoskeleton (NF68, MAP2), growth cones (GAP-43) and the synapse (Synapsin 1) present an ontogeny that reflects the morphological growth of CGC. The utility of these neurotypic proteins as biomarkers was examined by inhibiting CGC growth using pharmacologic inhibitors of PKC activity and the MAP kinase pathway. Quantitative analysis of neurite outgrowth was performed using an automated image acquisition and analysis system. Treatment of CGC with the MAP kinase pathway inhibitor U0126 significantly decreased total neurite outgrowth, while the inhibitor of classic PKC isoforms Bis I had no effect on this measure. The ontogenetic expression of neurotypic proteins was reduced after treatment with both inhibitors. In particular, Synapsin 1 and GAP-43 expression were both significantly reduced by chemical treatment. These data demonstrate that neurotypic proteins can be used as biornarkers of neuronal development in vitro, and in some cases, may detect changes that are not apparent using morphologic measures. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Mundy, William R.; Robinette, Brian; Radio, Nicholas M.; Freudenrich, Theresa M.] US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mundy, WR (reprint author), US EPA, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, B105-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mundy.william@epa.gov NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 249 IS 2-3 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2008-05.012 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 334SS UT WOS:000258242100018 PM 18584932 ER PT J AU Kindermann, G Obersteiner, M Sohngen, B Sathaye, J Andrasko, K Rametsteiner, E Schlamadinger, B Wunder, S Beach, R AF Kindermann, Georg Obersteiner, Michael Sohngen, Brent Sathaye, Jayant Andrasko, Kenneth Rametsteiner, Ewald Schlamadinger, Bernhard Wunder, Sven Beach, Robert TI Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; climate change; reducing emissions from deforestation and ecosystem degradation (REDD); marginal cost; tropical forest ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES; SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION; CLIMATE; PAYMENTS; LEAKAGE; AMAZON AB Tropical deforestation is estimated to cause about one-quarter of anthropogenic carbon emissions, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental services. United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic potential of AD has yet to be addressed. We use three economic models of global land use and management to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option. A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3-0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 x 10(5) g) CO(2)(.)yr(-1) in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion(.)yr(-1) for 30 years. A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5-2.7 Gt CO(2)(.)yr(-1) in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion(.)yr(-1). Finally, some caveats to the analysis that could increase costs of AD programs are described. C1 [Sohngen, Brent] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kindermann, Georg; Obersteiner, Michael; Rametsteiner, Ewald] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Sathaye, Jayant] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Andrasko, Kenneth] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schlamadinger, Bernhard] TerraCarbon, A-8043 Graz, Austria. [Wunder, Sven] Ctr Int Forestry Res, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Beach, Robert] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sohngen, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sohngen.1@osu.edu OI Wunder, Sven/0000-0002-9422-0260 NR 37 TC 191 Z9 196 U1 9 U2 103 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 30 BP 10302 EP 10307 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710616105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 334GZ UT WOS:000258211600008 PM 18650377 ER PT J AU Ma, YL Hays, MD AF Ma, Yilin Hays, Michael D. TI Thermal extraction-two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with heart-cutting for nitrogen heterocyclics in biomass burning aerosols SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE thermal extraction; two-dimensional GC-MS; nitrogen heterocyclics; biomass burning aerosol ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DESORPTION; EMISSIONS; GC/MS; EXTRACTION; PYROLYSIS; GC AB A thermal extraction-two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TE-GC-GC-MS) method with heart-cutting is developed for quantitatively assessing nitrogen (N)-bearing organic species (e.g., pyrrole, pyridine, nitriles, and amines) in aerosols emitted from agricultural fires. Pyrolysis of the constituents in the crop residue is a likely formation pathway for these compounds. An evaluation of the TE-GC-GC-MS method proficiency for them confirms low carryover (< 1 %), adequate recovery (84-100%), high reproducibility (< 9% RSD), picogram method detection limits, and a linear dynamic range spanning four orders of magnitude. The 14 substances for which quantitative results are available are primarily heterocyclic aromatic N compounds that comprise 0.7% (w/w) of the total fine aerosol mass. The benefits of TE-GC-GC-MS versus conventional GC-MS methods for organic N species in aerosols may depend on the matrix and the target N analyte concentration in that matrix; for the biomass burning aerosol examined in this study, the former approach reduces the unresolved complex mixture and detects organic N species not seen with GC-MS. We show another advantage of TE-GC-GC-MS is that it adequately resolves the anhydro-sugar (e.g., levoglucosan), alkanoic acid, and substituted phenol molecules in the biomass burning aerosol without the use of methylation or trimethyl-silyl derivatizing agents. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ma, Yilin; Hays, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hays, MD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hays.michael@epa.gov RI Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013 OI Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660 NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 1200 IS 2 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.078 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 330QX UT WOS:000257959000017 PM 18571186 ER PT J AU Nolte, CG Gilliland, AB Hogrefe, C Mickley, LJ AF Nolte, Christopher G. Gilliland, Alice B. Hogrefe, Christian Mickley, Loretta J. TI Linking global to regional models to assess future climate impacts on surface ozone levels in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; PART I; CMAQ; METHANE; SYSTEM; SENSITIVITIES; SIMULATION; INVENTORY; EMISSIONS AB We investigate the impact of climate change on future air quality in the United States with a coupled global/regional scale modeling system. Regional climate model scenarios developed by dynamically downscaling outputs from the GISS GCM are used by CMAQ to simulate present air pollution climatology, and modeled surface ozone mixing ratios are compared with recent observations. Though the model accurately simulates ozone in the northeast U. S. and in central California, a positive bias of 10 - 15 ppb exists throughout most of the central and southeast U. S. The model is also applied to a simulated 2050 climate based on the IPCC A1B greenhouse gas scenario. Two future simulations are conducted, one with anthropogenic emissions held at 2001 levels, and one with anthropogenic emissions reduced in accordance with the A1B scenario. Without ozone precursor emissions changes, increases from 2 - 5 ppb in summer mean 8-h ozone mixing ratios are projected in Texas and parts of the eastern U. S., while high ozone episodes become more frequent. Increases of 2 - 8 ppb during the autumn are predicted over a large area in the central and southwest U. S., suggesting a lengthening of the ozone season. These increases within the regional modeling domain are predicted despite large decreases in the future global background ozone mixing ratio. Substantial decreases exceeding 15 ppb during the summer are predicted for the future reduced emissions case. A sensitivity test conducted with 30% higher methane mixing ratio yields widespread ozone increases of 0.5-2 ppb, an effect larger than that of climate-induced increases in isoprene emissions, demonstrating the need to consider changes in methane levels alongside climate change when simulating future air quality. C1 [Nolte, Christopher G.; Gilliland, Alice B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Mickley, Loretta J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nolte, Christopher G.; Gilliland, Alice B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Nolte, CG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chris.nolte@noaa.gov; alice.gilliland@noaa.gov; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us; mickley@fas.harvard.edu RI Mickley, Loretta/D-2021-2012; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Mickley, Loretta/0000-0002-7859-3470; Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14307 DI 10.1029/2007JD008497 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 331FA UT WOS:000257996900001 ER PT J AU Luxton, TP Eick, MJ Rimstidt, DJ AF Luxton, Todd P. Eick, Matthew J. Rimstidt, Donald J. TI The role of silicate in the adsorption/desorption of arsenite on goethite SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenite; silicate; goethite; kinetics; adsorption; desorption ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; SORPTION PROCESSES; ION ADSORPTION; SIO4 LIGANDS; WEST-BENGAL; FERRIHYDRITE; ACID AB The importance of anion displacement as a mechanism for arsenic release was examined through the competitive adsorption and desorption of arsenite on goethite in the presence of silicate. Arsenite remained the only arsenic species throughout the adsorption studies. Oxyanion surface concentration versus time plots developed from adsorption experiments were analyzed with a kinetic rate equation to determine the apparent rate coefficients for arsenite and silicate alone and arsenite in the presence of pre-equilibrated silicate. Silicate adsorption on goethite was significantly slower than arsenite. FTIR analysis indicated that silicate polymerization on goethite may be related to the slow adsorption kinetics. Under all conditions pre-equilibrated silicate reduced the rate and total quantity of arsenite adsorbed. The percent increase in the final aqueous arsenite concentration ranged from 0.25 to 30% depending on the concentration of the adsorbed silicate and aqueous arsenite. Increases in the aqueous arsenite were greatest after 30 min before reaching a steady state after 150 min. Desorption experiments where silicate was introduced to previously adsorbed arsenite indicated that silicate was able to irreversibly displace between 0.3 and 1.5% of the adsorbed arsenite resulting in an increase in solution concentrations ranging from 9 to 266 mu g L-1 of arsenite. Experimental results demonstrate the importance of anion displacement as a mechanism for arsenic release. This is readily seen through the ability of silicate, a naturally occurring and ubiquitous oxyanion, to: 1) reduce arsenite adsorption rates, 2) block potential adsorption sites thereby reducing the total quantity of arsenite adsorbed, and 3) displace adsorbed arsenite. These three processes may ultimately result in an increase in the mobility and potential bioavailability of arsenite. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Luxton, Todd P.; Eick, Matthew J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rimstidt, Donald J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Luxton, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, 5995 Ctr Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. EM todd.luxton@epa.gov; eick@vt.edu; jdr@vt.edu RI Rimstidt, James/N-8910-2013 NR 82 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.01.022 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 330WW UT WOS:000257974500002 ER PT J AU Mishina, Y Kaartinen, V Komatsu, Y AF Mishina, Yuji Kaartinen, Vesa Komatsu, Yoshihiro TI BMP signaling through ACVR1 is crucial for establishment of the left-right asymmetry via proper formation of node cilia in the mouse SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUL 25-30, 2008 CL Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA SP Soc Dev Biol HO Univ Penn C1 [Mishina, Yuji; Komatsu, Yoshihiro] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Kaartinen, Vesa] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Kaartinen, Vesa] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Res Inst, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 2 MA 394 BP 585 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.05.418 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 327NA UT WOS:000257734600414 ER PT J AU Shastri, Y Diwekar, U Cabezas, H AF Shastri, Yogendra Diwekar, Urmila Cabezas, Heriberto TI Optimal control theory for sustainable environmental management SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; INFORMATION-THEORY; SYSTEMS; ECOLOGY AB Sustainable ecosystem management aims to promote the structure and operation of the human components of the system while simultaneously ensuring the persistence of the structures and operation of the natural component. Given the complexity of this task owing to the diverse temporal and spatial scales and multidisciplinary interactions, a systems theory approach based on sound mathematical techniques is essential. Two important aspects of this approach are formulation of sustainability based objectives and development of the management strategies. Fisher information can be used as the basis of a sustainability hypothesis to formulate relevant mathematical objectives for disparate systems, and optimal control theory provides the means to derive time-dependent management strategies. Partial correlation coefficient analysis is an efficient technique to identify the appropriate control variables for policy development. This paper represents a proof of concept for this approach using a model system that includes an ecosystem, humans, a very rudimentary industrial process, and a very simple agricultural system. Formulation and solution of the control problems help in identifying the effective management options which offer guidelines for policies in real systems. The results also emphasize that management using multiple parameters of different nature can be distinctly effective. C1 [Shastri, Yogendra; Diwekar, Urmila] Vishwamitra Res Inst, CUSTOM, Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 USA. [Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Diwekar, U (reprint author), Vishwamitra Res Inst, CUSTOM, 368 56th St, Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 USA. EM urmila@vri-custom.org NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5322 EP 5328 DI 10.1021/es8000807 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325WS UT WOS:000257620000050 PM 18754388 ER PT J AU Nelson, E Polasky, S Lewis, DJ Plantinga, AJ Lonsdorf, E White, D Bael, D Lawler, JJ AF Nelson, Erik Polasky, Stephen Lewis, David J. Plantinga, Andrew J. Lonsdorf, Eric White, Denis Bael, David Lawler, Joshua J. TI Efficiency of incentives to jointly increase carbon sequestration and species conservation on a landscape SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE conservation payments; ecosystem services; landscape modeling; private landowners; land-use change ID LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY; POLICIES; HABITAT AB We develop an integrated model to predict private land-use decisions in response to policy incentives designed to increase the provision of carbon sequestration and species conservation across heterogeneous landscapes. Using data from the Willamette Basin, Oregon, we compare the provision of carbon sequestration and species conservation under five simple policies that offer payments for conservation. We evaluate policy performance compared with the maximum feasible combinations of carbon sequestration and species conservation on the landscape for various conservation budgets. None of the conservation payment policies produce increases in carbon sequestration and species conservation that approach the maximum potential gains on the landscape. Our results show that policies aimed at increasing the provision of carbon sequestration do not necessarily increase species conservation and that highly targeted policies do not necessarily do as well as more general policies. C1 [Nelson, Erik] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nelson, Erik] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Polasky, Stephen; Bael, David] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lewis, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Plantinga, Andrew J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric] Davee Ctr Epidemiol & Endocrinol, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Nelson, E (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Dept Biol, 371 Serra Mail, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM nels1069@umn.edu RI Lewis, David/I-5700-2013 NR 21 TC 154 Z9 166 U1 6 U2 68 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 28 BP 9471 EP 9476 DI 10.1073/pnas.0706178105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 328FV UT WOS:000257784700006 PM 18621703 ER PT J AU Matthews, S Ginzl, D Walsh, D Sherin, K Middaugh, J Hammond, R Bodager, D Komatsu, K Weiss, J Pascoe, N Marciano-Cabral, F Villegas, E Visvesvara, G Yoder, J Eddy, B Capewell, L Sriram, R Bandyopadhyay, K Qvarnstrom, Y DaSilva, A Johnston, S Xiao, L Hill, V Roy, S Beach, MJ AF Matthews, S. Ginzl, D. Walsh, D. Sherin, K. Middaugh, J. Hammond, R. Bodager, D. Komatsu, K. Weiss, J. Pascoe, N. Marciano-Cabral, F. Villegas, E. Visvesvara, G. Yoder, J. Eddy, B. Capewell, L. Sriram, R. Bandyopadhyay, K. Qvarnstrom, Y. DaSilva, A. Johnston, S. Xiao, L. Hill, V. Roy, S. Beach, M. J. TI Primary amebic meningoencephalitis - Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 57, pg 573-577, 2008) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 [Matthews, S.] Osceola Cty Hlth Dept, Osceola, FL USA. [Komatsu, K.; Weiss, J.] Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Marciano-Cabral, F.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Villegas, E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Visvesvara, G.; Yoder, J.; Eddy, B.; Capewell, L.; Sriram, R.; Bandyopadhyay, K.; Qvarnstrom, Y.; DaSilva, A.; Johnston, S.; Xiao, L.; Hill, V.; Roy, S.; Beach, M. J.] CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matthews, S (reprint author), Osceola Cty Hlth Dept, Osceola, FL USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 2 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323GV UT WOS:000257435500010 ER PT J AU Mehaffey, M Wainger, L Wade, T Yankee, D Smith, E Bott, V Yarbourgh, R AF Mehaffey, Megan Wainger, Lisa Wade, Timothy Yankee, Dennis Smith, Elizabeth Bott, Vicki Yarbourgh, Rebecca TI Assessing vulnerabilities from alternative development patterns SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscapes; vulnerability; stressors; fiscal impacts; alternative development AB Planners in a rapidly urbanizing area must take into account trade-offs between multiple environmental issues of concern. A 15-county region, centered on Charlotte, North Carolina, is experiencing a boom in growth resulting in both air and water quality concerns. We examine changes to environmental and socio-economic factors across the region for two contrasting alternative future scenarios of land use development. We found that a "compact centers" development, with relatively high density, resulted in improved environmental quality in most counties as a result of lower land consumption. The compact centers development was associated with greater non-point source phosphorus and sediment loads in watersheds that contained urban centers. In contrast, the greater land consumption associated with the medium density development consumed high nutrient-generating agricultural lands, resulting in lower non-point source nitrogen loading to waterways. We also found that compact center development made sense economically in urban areas and reduced expenditures in rural areas. However, compact centers carried the risk of lower tax revenues in rural areas if future values of multi-unit houses were valued at current market rates. By incorporating spatial dynamics in our assessment we provided a means to evaluate future environmental and economic patterns under different alternative growth scenarios across multiple counties. In addition, we found that by conducting our analysis at two different scales (e.g., regional and local), decisions on where to target development and resources could be refined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mehaffey, Megan; Smith, Elizabeth] US EPA, Reg Vulnerabil Assessment Program, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wainger, Lisa] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD USA. [Wade, Timothy] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yankee, Dennis] Tennessee Valley Author, Res & Technol Applicat, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bott, Vicki] Univ N Carolina, Urban Inst, Land Use & Environm Planning Div, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Yarbourgh, Rebecca] Centralina Council Govt, Reg Initiat, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Mehaffey, M (reprint author), US EPA E243-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mehaffey.megan@epa.gov RI Mehaffey, Megan/A-7476-2009; Wainger, Lisa/H-7640-2012 OI Wainger, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-8850 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 87 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.04.010 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 328WL UT WOS:000257828800009 ER PT J AU McEntee, MF Ziegler, C Reel, D Tomer, K Shoieb, A Ray, M Li, X Neilsen, N Lih, FB O'Rourke, D Whelan, J AF McEntee, Michael F. Ziegler, Carol Reel, Danielle Tomer, Kenneth Shoieb, Ahmed Ray, Mark Li, Xiaoou Neilsen, Nancy Lih, Fred B. O'Rourke, Dorcas Whelan, Jay TI Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance hormone ablation therapy in androgen-dependent prostate cancer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; DEPRIVATION THERAPY; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; 15-LIPOXYGENASE-2 15-LOX2; EICOSANOID PRODUCTION; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2; NUDE-MICE; IN-VIVO; XENOGRAFT; RISK AB Hormone ablation therapy typically causes regression of prostate cancer and represents an important means of treating this disease, particularly after metastasis. However, hormone therapy inevitably loses its effectiveness as tumors become androgen-independent, and this conversion often leads to death because of subsequent poor responses to other forms of treatment. Because environmental factors, such as diet, have been strongly linked to prostate cancer, we examined the affects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; at 1.5 wt%) on growth of androgen-dependent (CWR22) and androgen-independent (CWR22R) human prostatic cancer xenografts, the acute response of CWR22 tumors to ablation therapy, and their progression to androgen independence. Significant diet-induced changes in tumor n-3 or n-6 PUFA content had no affect on CWR22 or CWR22R tumors growing with or without androgen support, respectively. However, dietary changes that increased tumor eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid content enhanced responses to ablation therapy, measured by cancer cell apoptosis and mitosis. In addition, relapse to androgen-independent growth (measured by renewed increases in tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen after ablation) positively correlated with tumor arachidonic acid content. There was no correlation between expression of 15-lipoxygenase isozymes or their products and tumor growth or responses to ablation. In conclusion, dietary n-3 PUFA may enhance the response of prostate cancer to ablation therapy and retard progression to androgen-independent growth by altering tumor PUFA content. C1 [McEntee, Michael F.; Ziegler, Carol; Reel, Danielle; Shoieb, Ahmed; Ray, Mark; Li, Xiaoou; Neilsen, Nancy] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [O'Rourke, Dorcas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Whelan, Jay] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tomer, Kenneth; Lih, Fred B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP McEntee, MF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Pathobiol, 2407 River Dr,Rm A201, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mmcentee@utk.edu RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013; OI McEntee, Michael/0000-0002-1616-3715 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 53 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070989 PG 13 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 320VO UT WOS:000257263400021 PM 18556778 ER PT J AU Batt, AL Kostich, MS Lazorchak, JM AF Batt, Angela L. Kostich, Mitch S. Lazorchak, James M. TI Analysis of ecologically relevant pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface water using selective solid-phase extraction and UPLC-MS/MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; THERAPEUTIC CLASSES; TREATMENT PLANTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLES; CONTAMINATION; HORMONES; DRUGS; ANTIBIOTICS AB A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the analysis of 48 human prescription active pharmaceutical ingredients (AFIs) and 6 metabolites of interest, utilizing selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography in combination with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The single-cartridge extraction step was developed using a mixed mode reversed-phase/cation-exchange cartridge (Oasis MCX) and validated in both wastewater effluent and surface water. Recoveries for the majority of compounds ranged from 80% to 125%, with relative standard deviations generally below 15%. Analytes were quantified using a multiple injection analysis with four chromatographic runs, with a combined run time of 48 min and SPE-UPLC-MS/MS method detection limits ranging from 1.0 to 51 ng/L. The analysis of seven wastewater effluents and one surface water sample revealed at least one detection for 38 of the 54 compounds, with effluent concentrations ranging from 7 to 2950 ng/L and surface water concentrations ranging from 10 to 140 ng/L. This initial data demonstrates that a significant number of the selected target analytes are present in wastewater treatment plant discharges. C1 [Batt, Angela L.; Kostich, Mitch S.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Batt, AL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Labs, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 642, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM batt.angela@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 28 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 10 U2 91 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 13 BP 5021 EP 5030 DI 10.1021/ac800066n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 320YH UT WOS:000257270600034 PM 18498179 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Lan, Q Shen, M Jin, J Mumford, J Ren, DX Keohavong, P AF Liu, Yang Lan, Qing Shen, Min Jin, Jide Mumford, Judy Ren, Dianxu Keohavong, Phouthone TI Aberrant gene promoter methylation in sputum from individuals exposed to smoky coal emissions SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE promoter methylation; smoke; coal; PAH; benzopyrene; sputum; lung cancer ID LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; K-RAS MUTATIONS; XUAN-WEI; INDOOR COAL; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; MULTIPLE GENES; NEVER-SMOKERS; HYPERMETHYLATION; CHINA AB Background: Recent studies suggested the potential for aberrant gene promoter methylation in sputum as a predictive marker for lung cancer. Here, the promoter methylation of p16, MGMT, RASSF1A and DAPK genes was investigated in sputum of individuals exposed to smoky coal emissions in Xuan Wei, China, where the lung cancer rate is more than 6 times the Chinese national average. Materials and Methods: Sputum DNA of 107 noncancer individuals and 58 lung cancer patients was screened for promoter methylation using methylation-specific PCR. Results: Promoter methylation of the p16 gene was detected in about half [51.4% (551107)] of sputum DNA from noncancer individuals, a frequency higher than that observed for the RASSF1A (29.9%), MGMT (17.8%) and DAPK (15.9%) genes. Furthermore, the p16 gene was affected by promoter methylation at a frequency even higher among the lung cancer group, compared with the noncancer group [70.7% (41/58) versus 51.7% (55/107), p=0.017]. Conclusion: Individuals exposed to smoky coal emissions in this region harbored frequent promoter methylation of these genes in. their sputum and some of such alterations may be involved in lung tumor development. C1 [Liu, Yang; Jin, Jide; Keohavong, Phouthone] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Lan, Qing; Shen, Min] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mumford, Judy] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ren, Dianxu] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biostat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Ren, Dianxu] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Res & Evaluat, Sch Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Keohavong, Phouthone] Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 100 Technol Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM pho1@pitt.edu OI Keohavong, Phouthone/0000-0001-7812-4925 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA CP010121-14] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4B BP 2061 EP 2066 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 333KK UT WOS:000258151200008 PM 18751376 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Santo Domingo, JW Lamendella, R Edge, T Hill, S AF Lu, Jingrang Santo Domingo, Jorge W. Lamendella, Regina Edge, Thomas Hill, Stephen TI Phylogenetic diversity and molecular detection of bacteria in gull feces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL POLLUTION; SOURCE-TRACKING; CANADA GEESE; GENETIC-MARKERS; PCR ASSAY; SP-NOV; WATER AB In spite of increasing public health concerns about the potential risks associated with swimming in waters contaminated with waterfowl feces, little is known about the composition of the gut microbial community of aquatic birds. To address this, a gull 16S rRNA gene clone library was developed and analyzed to determine the identities of fecal bacteria. Analysis of 282 16S rRNA gene clones demonstrated that the gull gut bacterial community is mostly composed of populations closely related to Bacilli (37%), Clostridia (17%), Gammaproteobacteria (11%), and Bacteriodetes (1%). Interestingly, a considerable number of sequences (i.e., 26%) were closely related to Catellicoccus marimammalium, a gram-positive, catalase-negative bacterium. To determine the occurrence of C. marimammalium in waterfowl, species-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR and real-time assays were developed and used to test fecal DNA extracts from different bird (n = 13) and mammal (n = 26) species. The results showed that both assays were specific to gull fecal DNA and that C. marimammalium was present in gull fecal samples collected from the five locations in North America (California, Georgia, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Toronto, Canada) tested. Additionally, 48 DNA extracts from waters collected from six sites in southern California, Great Lakes in Michigan, Lake Erie in Ohio, and Lake Ontario in Canada presumed to be impacted with gull feces were positive by the C. marimammalium assay. Due to the widespread presence of this species in gulls and environmental waters contaminated with gull feces, targeting this bacterial species might be useful for detecting gull fecal contamination in waterfowl-impacted waters. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Santo Domingo, Jorge W.] NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lamendella, Regina] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Edge, Thomas; Hill, Stephen] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Santo Domingo, JW (reprint author), NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 387, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov NR 37 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 13 BP 3969 EP 3976 DI 10.1128/AEM.00019-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 323LF UT WOS:000257446900006 PM 18469128 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Roselle, SJ Mathur, R Appel, W Dennis, RL Vogel, B AF Sarwar, Golam Roselle, Shawn J. Mathur, Rohit Appel, Wyat Dennis, Robin L. Vogel, Bernhard TI A comparison of CMAQ HONO predictions with observations from the northeast oxidant and particle study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Atmospheric Chemical Mechanisms CY DEC 06-08, 2006 CL Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA SP UC Davis, Air Qial Res Ctr, Calif Air Resources Board, Amer Chem Council, Elect Power Res Inst HO Univ Calif Davis DE nitrous acid; homogeneous reaction; heterogeneous reaction; surface photolysis reaction; emissions ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NITROUS-ACID FORMATION; MODEL DESCRIPTION; PHOTOLYSIS; NO2; SURFACES; URBAN; CONVERSION; CHEMISTRY AB Predictions of nitrous acid from the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system are compared with the measurements from the 2001 Northeast Oxidant and Particle Study. Four different sources of nitrous acid were considered in the study: gas-phase reactions, direct emissions, a heterogeneous reaction, and a surface photolysis reaction. When only gas-phase reactions were considered in the model, the diurnally averaged mean bias, the normalized mean bias, the root mean square error, and the normalized mean error of the model were -1.01 ppbv, -98%. 1.05 ppbv, and 98%, respectively. However, the diurnally averaged mean bias, normalized mean bias, the root mean square error, and the normalized mean error of the model improved to -0.42 ppbv, -41 %, 0.45 ppbv, and 41 %, respectively, when all sources were considered. Model results suggest that the heterogeneous reaction and the surface photolysis reaction are the most important sources of nitrous acid in the atmosphere, accounting for about 86% of the predicted nitrous acid. Emissions and the gas-phase reactions were relatively minor sources and accounted for only 14% of the predicted nitrous acid. Model predictions suggest that the heterogeneous reaction is the most significant source of nitrous acid at night, while the surface photolysis reaction is the most significant source during the day. The addition of these sources increased the diurnally averaged hydroxyl radicals and ozone by 10% and 1.4 ppbv, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roselle, Shawn J.; Mathur, Rohit; Appel, Wyat; Dennis, Robin L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vogel, Bernhard] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov RI Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013 NR 47 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 5760 EP 5770 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.065 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336LM UT WOS:000258365300004 ER PT J AU Luecken, DJ Phillips, S Sarwar, G Jang, C AF Luecken, D. J. Phillips, S. Sarwar, G. Jang, C. TI Effects of using the CB05 vs. SAPRC99 vs. CB4 chemical mechanism on model predictions: Ozone and gas-phase photochemical precursor concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Atmospheric Chemical Mechanisms CY DEC 06-08, 2006 CL Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA SP UC Davis, Air Qial Res Ctr, Calif Air Resources Board, Amer Chem Council, Elect Power Res Inst HO Univ Calif Davis DE CB05; CB4; chemical mechanism; atmospheric chemistry ID CHEMISTRY AB A three-dimensional air quality model is used to examine the magnitude and spatial distribution of differences in predictions among three chemical mechanisms that are used for regulatory and research modeling. The Carbon Bond mechanism CB05 is compared to an earlier version, CB4, to assess how much changes due to an update might potentially affect previous model conclusions on ozone concentrations and behavior. SAPRC-99 is compared to identify differences that might be expected between two more recent mechanisms, namely CB05 and SAPRC-99. The predicted ozone concentrations are similar for most of the United States, but statistically significant differences occur over many urban areas and the central US. SAPRC-99 predicts higher concentrations than CB05 on average, and both predict higher ozone than CB4. The difference in ozone predictions depends on location, the VOC/NOx ratio and concentrations of precursor pollutants. We highlight where the largest differences occur, give some explanation for why they occur, and discuss the effect of differences on model applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luecken, D. J.; Phillips, S.; Sarwar, G.; Jang, C.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM luecken.deborah@epa.gov NR 19 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 5805 EP 5820 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.056 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336LM UT WOS:000258365300007 ER PT J AU Etterson, MA Stanley, TR AF Etterson, Matthew A. Stanley, Thomas R. TI Incorporating classification uncertainty in competing-risks nest-failure analysis SO AUK LA English DT Article DE classification uncertainty; competing risks; Mayfield Markov chain; nest survival; nest videography ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; MASKED CAUSES; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; MISCLASSIFICATION; PREDATORS; INFERENCE; MODEL AB There are many causes of nest failure in birds. Although partitioning the risk of nest failure among causes has long been of interest to ornithologists, L application of formal methods for estimating competing risks has received little attention in the literature. We describe how evidence collected at nests can be formally incorporated into likelihood functions for competing risks to control classification Uncertainty. We briefly review estimators for an idealized case in which all fates are known with certainty, and then we introduce new estimators for four cases in which evidence is used. In the evidence-based models, we consider several distinct types of evidence, including videographic evidence, static ecological evidence, and ecological evidence that decays over time. For each of the four cases using evidence, we compare the asymptotic sampling variance to the ideal case in which fates are always known. We also develop closed-form expressions for expected bias when assumptions underlying the estimators are not met. In all cases, use of evidence results in larger sampling variances for Hie failure probabilities than when fates are known with certainty. Typically, the magnitude of increase in sampling variance depends on the inverse of the evidence probabilities. We also she,,l, that disjoint evidence (toes not reduce sampling variance and should be ignored. Finally, we show that violations of underlying assumptions cause bias, though the bias may be tolerable in some cases. C1 [Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM etterson.matthew@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Geological Survey; Fort Collins Science Center FX D. Heisey, D. Johnson, J. Nichols, G. Pendleton, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of this Manuscript. In particular, we are grateful to D. Heisey for pointing out the ability to factor the scalar likelihoods into a classification problem and a separate survival problem. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has b.-en subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for Publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was also funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 687 EP 699 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07045 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200021 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, CE Weis, C Blaydes, B Newbold, R Delclos, KB AF Hotchkiss, Charlotte E. Weis, Connie Blaydes, Betty Newbold, Retha Delclos, K. Barry TI Multigenerational exposure to ethinyl estradiol affects bone geometry, but not bone mineral density in rats SO BONE LA English DT Article DE estrogen; bone development; bone mineral density; endocrine disruptors; rat ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; YOUNG-ADULT WOMEN; EPIGENETIC TRANSGENERATIONAL ACTIONS; DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; BIRTH-CONTROL PILLS; 30 MU-G; FEMALE RATS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; GROWING-RATS AB Estrogenic compounds are known to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized adult rats; however, their effects on bone in developing and reproductively-intact rats are less well-understood. In a large multigenerational experiment 0, 2, 10, or 50 ppb ethinyl estradiol (EE) in the diet was fed to intact male and female rats from conception until either weaning, postnatal day 140, or continuously for 2 years. Vertebrae (lumbar and caudal) and femurs were collected from subsets of these animals at necropsy at 48 days, 70 days, 140 days, or 2 years of age and subjected to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning to measure bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area. In addition, the length, cross-sectional area, marrow area, and cortical bone area of the femurs were measured directly in all animals at PND 140 and 2 years. Continuous dietary intake of 50 ppb EE decreased body weight by 8-27%. BMD adjusted for body weight was not affected by EE, with the exception of an increase in the caudal vertebrae in males treated with 50 ppb EE. In female rats, continuous treatment with 50 ppb EE decreased length and cross-sectional area of the femur. The length of the femur was decreased in the first two generations following institution of a phytoestrogen-free diet at the initiation of the study in all animals, including controls, but returned to the original length by the third or fourth generation. The cross-sectional area of the femur also varied by generation. In conclusion, a high dose of EE throughout the lifespan resulted in decreased bone size in females, which could reduce the force required to break the bone. Furthermore, dietary changes may have epigenetic effects which persist for multiple generations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hotchkiss, Charlotte E.; Weis, Connie; Blaydes, Betty; Delclos, K. Barry] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Newbold, Retha] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hotchkiss, CE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Box 357330, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM chotchki@wanprc.org NR 89 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 EI 1873-2763 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.016 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 319GC UT WOS:000257151100014 PM 18467201 ER PT J AU Zhao, R Zhang, XY Yang, J Weng, CC Jiang, LL Zhang, JW Shu, XQ Ji, YH AF Zhao, R. Zhang, X-Y Yang, J. Weng, C-C Jiang, L-L Zhang, J-W Shu, X-Q Ji, Y-H TI Anticonvulsant effect of BmK IT2, a sodium channel-specific neurotoxin, in rat models of epilepsy SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BmK IT2; intrahippocampal injection; status epilepticus; epileptic seizures; sodium channels ID BUTHUS-MARTENSI KARSCH; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; C-FOS EXPRESSION; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; SCORPION NEUROTOXIN; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; INDUCED SEIZURES; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ANIMAL-MODELS; IN-VITRO AB Background and purpose: The sodium channel is a primary target for treating central nervous system disorders such as epilepsy. In this study the anticonvulsant effect of BmK IT2, a sodium channel-specific neurotoxin, was evaluated in different animal models of epilepsy. Experimental approach: Experiments were performed on freely moving rats made epileptic by administration of either pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or pilocarpine. BmK IT2 (0.05-0.5 mu g in 2 mu l) was microinjected into the CA1 area and its effects on PTZ-induced widespread, seizure-like behaviour and cortex epileptiform EEG, as well as on pilocarpine-induced seizure-like behaviour and c-Fos expression were studied. Key results: Intrahippocampal application of BmK IT2 dose-dependently inhibited PTZ-induced seizure-like behaviour, and reduced the numbers and duration of the high amplitude and frequency discharges (HAFDs) of the epileptiform EEG component induced by PTZ. Similarly, in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model, BmK IT2 significantly prolonged the latency to onset of the SE, reduced the severity of SE and suppressed hippocampal c-Fos expression during SE. Conclusions and implications: BmK IT2 showed anticonvulsant activity as it inhibited the widespread seizures induced by PTZ and pilocarpine-induced SE in rats. This activity might be due to the modulation of sodium channels in the hippocampus. Hence, BmK IT2 could be used as a novel tool to explore the molecular and pathological mechanisms of epilepsy with regard to the involvement of sodium channels. C1 [Yang, J.; Weng, C-C; Jiang, L-L; Zhang, J-W; Shu, X-Q; Ji, Y-H] Shanghai Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. [Zhao, R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Inst Phys, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X-Y] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Membrane Signaling Grp, Neurobiol Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ji, YH (reprint author), Shanghai Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shang Da Rd 99, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. EM yhji@staff.shu.edu.cn RI Zhao, Rong/O-1829-2013; Ji, Yonghua/B-7769-2014 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-1188 J9 BRIT J PHARMACOL JI Br. J. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 5 BP 1116 EP 1124 DI 10.1038/bjp.2008.156 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 320XV UT WOS:000257269400021 PM 18587450 ER PT J AU Andersen, CP Phillips, DL Rygiewicz, PT Storm, MJ AF Andersen, Chris P. Phillips, Donald L. Rygiewicz, Paul T. Storm, Marjorie J. TI Fine root growth and mortality in different-aged ponderosa pine stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOIL RESPIRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FORESTS; BIOMASS; MINIRHIZOTRON; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; TURNOVER; VEGETATION; PATTERNS AB Root minirhizotron tubes were installed at two sites around three different age classes of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) to follow patterns of fine root (<= 2 mm diameter) dynamics during a 4 year study. Both sites were old-growth forests until 1978, when one site was clear-cut and allowed to regenerate naturally. The other site had both intermediate-aged trees (50-60 years) and old-growth trees (> 250 years old), Estimates of fine root standing crop were greatest around young trees and least around intermediate-aged trees. Root production was highly synchronized in all age classes, showing a single peak in late May-early June each year. Root production and mortality were proportional to standing root crop (biomass), suggesting that allocation to new root growth was proportional to root density regardless of tree age. The turnover index (mortality/maximum standing crop) varied from 0.62 to 0.89.year(-1), indicating root life spans in excess of 1 year. It appears that young ponderosa pine stands have greater rates of fine root production than older stands but lose more fine roots each year through mortality. The results indicate that soil carbon may accumulate faster in younger than in older stands. C1 [Andersen, Chris P.; Phillips, Donald L.; Rygiewicz, Paul T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Storm, Marjorie J.] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Andersen, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM andersen.christian@epa.gov RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AI03-96ER62288]; US Environmental Protection Agency [RW89937719] FX We would like to thank Sara Greene for allowing us access to the sites; Beverly Law for sharing site and phenology information; and Alex Friend, Glen Stevens, and Bob Ozretich for constructive reviews of the manuscript. The information in this document has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency and by an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (DE-AI03-96ER62288) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (RW89937719). It has been subjected to the US Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review and been approved for publication as a US Environmental Protection Agency document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1797 EP 1806 DI 10.1139/X08-029 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 322FC UT WOS:000257359600009 ER PT J AU White, D Kiester, AR AF White, Denis Kiester, A. Ross TI Topology matters: Network topology affects outcomes from community ecology neutral models (vol 32, pg 165, 2008) SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Correction C1 [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kiester, A. Ross] Biodivers Futures Consulting, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP White, D (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM white.denis@epa.gov; rkiester@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 327 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.06.005 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 351ZF UT WOS:000259464100009 ER PT J AU Gerke, TL Maynard, JB Schock, MR Lytle, DL AF Gerke, Tammie L. Maynard, J. Barry Schock, Michael R. Lytle, Darren L. TI Physiochemical characterization of five iron tubercles from a single drinking water distribution system: Possible new insights on their formation and growth SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE iron; X-ray diffraction; rust; oxidation; pitting corrosion ID CORROSION SCALES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CAST-IRON; RELEASE; BACTERIAL; CHLORIDE; PIPES; MODEL AB Physiochemical data were obtained for five iron tubercles from a single drinking water distribution system (DS). Texturally, there were two groups based on internal morphology: one with a core of soft brownish material marbled with veins of a hard black material, the other has a core consisting mostly of the hard, black material. Three iron mineral phases occur, alpha-FeOOH, gamma-FeOOH, or Fe3O4. All three coexist in each tubercle but in widely varying proportions. These iron pipe tubercles exhibit a greater diversity within a single DS than previously thought. Because the chemical conditions for the formation of each material is different, water quality parameters may not be the main control of tubercle formation and growth. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gerke, Tammie L.; Maynard, J. Barry] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Schock, Michael R.; Lytle, Darren L.] US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD,TTEB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Gerke, TL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM erebus95@fuse.net FU USEPA; United States Geological Survey's Mineral Resource Surveys Program [DW14999901] FX We would like to thank the USEPA Post Doctoral Fellowship program for funding of the project and the Department of Geology at the University of Cincinnati for use of analytical equipment. Thanks also to S. Walley, T.V. Lowell and K.G. Scheckel for insightful comments on earlier versions of this paper and M.K. DeSantis (Pegasus Technical Services Inc.) for scale photography, colour descriptions, and scale harvesting of most of the specimens. We gratefully acknowledge the water system personnel who were willing to obtain and supply the pipe specimen for this study. All ICP analyses were conducted by the United States Geological Survey's Mineral Resource Surveys Program under Interagency Agreement DW14999901 under the direction of Dr. Stephen A. Wilson. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the official positions and policies of the USEPA. Any mention of product or trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the USEPA. NR 22 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 7 BP 2030 EP 2039 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.05.005 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 338XV UT WOS:000258543600028 ER PT J AU Nichols, JW Hoffman, AD Fitzsimmons, PN Lien, GJ Jenson, CT AF Nichols, John W. Hoffman, Alex D. Fitzsimmons, Patrick N. Lien, Gregory J. Jenson, Correne T. TI Use of online microdialysis sampling to determine the in vivo rate of phenol glucuronidation in rainbow trout SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FISH; BLOOD; BIOTRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM; MODEL; BIOACCUMULATION; INVIVO AB A quantitative microdialysis (MD) sampling method was used to study phenol (PH) glucuronidation in vivo in rainbow trout. The method employs internal calibrators to account for changes in MD probe performance (in vitro-to-in vivo and sample-to-sample) and yields data of high temporal resolution that are well suited for developing kinetic models. Initially, trout were dosed with phenyl glucuronide (PG) by intravascular infusion for 24 h and then depurated for 48 h. Measured concentrations of PG in blood were well described by a one-compartment clearance-volume model. Mass-balance calculations showed that 93% of infused PG was eliminated in urine during the depuration period. Peak concentrations of PG in urine averaged 3.4 times higher than those in blood, and the fitted PG clearance constant (15.7 ml/kg/h) was about 2.6 times higher than the reported glomerular filtration rate for trout. These findings confirm earlier work suggesting that PG is actively secreted by the trout kidney. In a second set of experiments, trout were exposed continuously to PH in water. In vivo rate constants for PH glucuronidation were estimated using a pair of linked (PH and PG) one-compartment clearance-volume models. Expressed on a whole-fish basis, the glucuronidation rate averaged 0.049/h, which was about 7% of the total rate of PH elimination. This study demonstrates the utility of quantitative MD sampling for kinetic studies of xenobiotic metabolism in fish. C1 [Nichols, John W.; Hoffman, Alex D.; Fitzsimmons, Patrick N.; Lien, Gregory J.; Jenson, Correne T.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM nichols.john@epa.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1406 EP 1413 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.020123 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 315UG UT WOS:000256905100028 PM 18420782 ER PT J AU Hale, SS Heltshe, JF AF Hale, Stephen S. Heltshe, James F. TI Signals from the benthos: Development and evaluation of a benthic index for the nearshore Gulf of Maine SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE benthic index; Gulf of Maine; logistic regression; signal detection theory; ROC curves; positive and negative predictive; values ID OF-MEXICO ESTUARIES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; HABITAT QUALITY; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITY CONDITION; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; UNITED-STATES; MARINE; ATLANTIC AB We developed a benthic index for the nearshore Gulf of Maine to provide researchers and environmental managers a way to make spatial and year-to-year comparisons of benthic condition. The data set used included 248 stations sampled for physical, chemical, and biological variables by the National Coastal Assessment in 2000-2003. We used logistic regression with 49 candidate measures of benthic species diversity, pollution sensitivity-tolerance, and community composition to discriminate sites with high and low benthic environmental quality (BEQ). BEQ was based on the concentrations of metal and organic contaminants in the sediments, total organic carbon, sediment toxicity, and dissolved oxygen level of the bottom water. An analysis of similarity test showed that the community composition of low BEQ stations was significantly different (p < 0.001) from high BEQ stations. Ten of the 49 benthic metrics showed a strong ability to discriminate stations. We developed several candidate benthic indices and tested them with independent data from Massachusetts Bay and Casco Bay to help select and validate the best index. A model using the Shannon-Wiener diversity measure, Rosenberg's species pollution tolerance measure, and the percent capitellid polychaetes (or percent Capitella spp.) strongly discriminated stations, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.82 and a classification accuracy of 80%. Signal detection theory (ROC curves and positive-negative predictive value curves) was used to evaluate the index and to predict how well an index developed for one geographic area might work in another area with a different prevalence of the degraded condition. We show how these techniques can also guide decisions by environmental managers about choosing thresholds and weighing costs and benefits of particular actions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hale, Stephen S.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Heltshe, James F.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Hale, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM hale.stephen@epa.gov NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 338 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.04.004 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297OD UT WOS:000255625100002 ER PT J AU Weinberg, CR AF Weinberg, C. R. TI Issues and opportunities in family-based designs for young-onset cancers SO EJC SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Meeting of the European-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY JUL 05-08, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP European Assoc Canc Res C1 [Weinberg, C. R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6349 J9 EJC SUPPL JI EJC Suppl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 6 IS 9 BP 64 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1359-6349(08)71420-4 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 330DF UT WOS:000257919000245 ER PT J AU Arbuckle, TE Hauser, R Swan, SH Mao, CS Longnecker, MP Main, KM Whyatt, RM Mendola, P Legrand, M Rovet, J Till, C Wade, M Jarrell, J Matthews, S Van Vliet, G Bornehag, CG Mieusset, R AF Arbuckle, Tye E. Hauser, Russ Swan, Shanna H. Mao, Catherine S. Longnecker, Matthew P. Main, Katharina M. Whyatt, Robin M. Mendola, Pauline Legrand, Melissa Rovet, Joanne Till, Christine Wade, Mike Jarrell, John Matthews, Stephen Van Vliet, Guy Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf Mieusset, Roger TI Meeting report: Measuring endocrine-sensitive endpoints within the first years of life SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE anogenital distance; anthropometry; endocrine disruptors; genital exam; hormones; infants; measurement; neurodevelopment; reproductive tract development; sexual dimorphism ID ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; MALE NEWBORNS; INFANTS; DIFFERENCE; ESTRADIOL; DECREASE; EXPOSURE; HORMONE; CHIAPAS; MEXICO AB An international workshop tided "Assessing Endocrine-Related Endpoints within the First Years of Life" was held 30 April-1 May 2007, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Representatives from a number of pregnancy cohort studies in North America and Europe presented options for measuring various endocrine-sensitive endpoints in early life and discussed issues related to performing and using those measures. The workshop focused on measuring reproductive tract developmental endpoints [e.g., anogenital distance (AGD)], endocrine status, and infant anthropometry. To the extent possible, workshop participants strove to develop or recommend standardized measurements that would allow comparisons and pooling of data across studies. The recommended outcomes include thigh fat fold, breast size, vaginal cytology, AGD, location of the testis, testicular size, and growth of the penis, with most of the discussion focusing on the genital exam. Although a number of outcome measures recommended during the genital exam have been associated with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, little is known about how predictive these effects are of later reproductive health or other chronic health conditions. C1 [Arbuckle, Tye E.] Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Biostatist & Epidemiol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Hauser, Russ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Swan, Shanna H.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Mao, Catherine S.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Longnecker, Matthew P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Longnecker, Matthew P.] Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Growth & Reprod, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Whyatt, Robin M.] Columbia Univ, Childrens Ctr Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Mendola, Pauline] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Legrand, Melissa] Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Surveillance Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Rovet, Joanne] Hosp Sick Children, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Till, Christine] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Wade, Mike] Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci & Res Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Jarrell, John] Univ Calgary, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Matthews, Stephen] Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf] Univ Montreal, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Mieusset, Roger] Univ Male Steril Ctr, Toulouse, France. RP Arbuckle, TE (reprint author), Healthy Environm & Consumer Safety Branch, Biostatist & Epidemiol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM arbuckle@hc-sc.gc.ca OI Wade, Michael/0000-0002-7331-3839; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 20 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 116 IS 7 BP 948 EP 951 DI 10.1289/ehp.11226 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 319ST UT WOS:000257185000040 PM 18629319 ER PT J AU Morgan, MK Stout, DM Jones, PA Barr, DB AF Morgan, Marsha K. Stout, Daniel M. Jones, Paul A. Barr, Dana B. TI An observational study of the potential for human exposures to pet-borne diazinon residues following lawn applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diazinon; children; biomonitoring; pet dogs; residences ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; URINE SAMPLES; METABOLITES; SPECTROMETRY; DOGS; FUR AB This study examined the potential for pet dogs to be an important pathway for transporting diazinon residues into homes and onto its occupants following residential lawn applications. The primary objectives were to investigate the potential exposures of occupants and their pet dogs to diazinon after an application to turf at their residences and to determine if personal contacts between occupants and their pet dogs resulted in measurable exposures. It was conducted from April to August 2001 before the Agency phased out all residential uses of diazinon in December 2004. Six families and their pet dogs were recruited into the study. Monitoring was conducted at pre-, 1, 2, 4, and 8 days post-application of a commercial, granular formulation of diazinon to the lawn by the homeowner. Environmental samples collected included soil, indoor air, carpet dust, and transferable residues from lawns and floors. Samples collected from the pet dogs consisted of paw wipes, fur clippings, and transferable residues from the fur by a technician or child wearing a cotton glove(s). First morning void (FMV) urine samples were collected from each child and his/her parent on each sampling day. Diazinon was analyzed in all samples, except urine, by GC-MS. The metabolite 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPy) was analyzed in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Mean airborne residues of diazinon on day 1 post-application were at least six times higher in both the living rooms (235 +/- 267 ng/m(3)) and children's bedrooms (179 +/- 246 ng/m(3)) than at pre-application. Mean loadings of diazinon in carpet dust samples were at least 20 times greater on days 2, 4, and 8 post-application than mean loadings (0.03 +/- 0.04 ng/cm(2)) at pre-application. The pet dogs had over 900 times higher mean loadings of diazinon residues on their paws on day 1 post-application (88.1 +/- 100.1 ng/cm(2)) compared to mean loadings (<0.09 ng/cm(2)) at pre-application. The mean diazinon loadings on the fur clippings were at least 14 times higher on days 1, 2, 4, and 8 post-application than mean loadings (0.8 +/- 0.4 ng/cm(2)) at pre-application. For transferable residues from dog fur, the mean loadings of diazinon on the technician's cotton glove samples were the lowest before application (0.04 +/- 0.08 ng/cm(2)) and the highest on day 1 post-application(10.4 +/- 23.9 ng/cm(2)) of diazinon to turf. Urinary IMPy concentrations for the participants ranged from < 0.3 to 5.5 ng/mL before application and < 0.3-12.5 ng/mL after application of diazinon. The mean urinary IMPy concentrations for children or adults were not statistically different (p > 0.05) at pre-application compared to post-application of diazinon to turf. The results showed that the participants and their pet dogs were likely exposed to low levels of diazinon residues from several sources (i.e., air, dust, and soil), through several pathways and routes, after lawn applications at these residences. Lastly, the pet dog appears to be an important pathway for the transfer and translocation of diazinon residues inside the homes and likely exposed occupants through personal contacts (i.e., petting). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Morgan, Marsha K.; Stout, Daniel M.; Jones, Paul A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Barr, Dana B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morgan, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgan.marsha@epa.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.03.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316PA UT WOS:000256961000007 PM 18448091 ER PT J AU Weintraub, M Birnbaum, LS AF Weintraub, Max Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Catfish consumption as a contributor to elevated PCB levels in a non-Hispanic black subpopulation SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE PCB; polychlorinated biphenyl; body burden; disparity; catfish; African American; fish consumption; fish advisory; environmental justice ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FISH CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HEALTH; RISK; KNOWLEDGE; ENVIRONMENT AB The human body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) sharply declined after production was banned in the US in 1979. For the 10% of the US population that remains most exposed to PCBs, fish consumption is the primary source. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data indicates that the highest remaining PCB levels exist in a non-Hispanic black subpopulation. Our review suggests that catfish consumption may be a significant PCB source for the one million non-Hispanic black anglers who fish for catfish. In comparison to non-Hispanic white anglers, non-Hispanic black anglers consume more catfish, are more likely to eat the whole fish rather than just the fillets that contain less PCBs, and are more likely to fish in watersheds with high PCB contamination. Efforts to diminish potential racial disparities in PCB exposure are challenged by geographic, economic, cultural, and educational barriers. In response, we propose that a fish consumption survey be performed that identifies the extent of subsistence fishing by non-Hispanic black anglers for catfish in watersheds with PCB contamination, the type and quantity of catfish subsistence fishing provides, and what actions would help moderate PCB exposure due to subsistence fishing for catfish in such areas. Understanding the contamination and consumption factors that contribute to higher PCB body burdens will help identify and offer solutions to racial disparities in exposure to PCBs due to subsistence fishing while providing a model to prevent similar disparities in exposure to toxics ranging from mercury to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Weintraub, Max] US EPA, Communities & Ecosystems Div, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Weintraub, M (reprint author), US EPA, Communities & Ecosystems Div, 75 Hawthorne St,CED 4, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM weintraub.max@epa.gov NR 77 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 107 IS 3 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.03.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316PA UT WOS:000256961000015 PM 18407261 ER PT J AU Frick, WE Ge, ZF Zepp, RG AF Frick, Walter E. Ge, Zhongfu Zepp, Richard G. TI Nowcasting and forecasting concentrations of biological contaminants at beaches: A feasibility and case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURF ZONE; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; WATER-QUALITY; LAKE-MICHIGAN; LAND-USE; ENTEROCOCCI; TRANSPORT; INACTIVATION; CALIFORNIA AB Public concern over microbial contamination of recreational waters has increased in recent years. A common approach to evaluating beach water quality has been to use the persistence model which assumes that day-old monitoring results provide accurate estimates of current concentrations. This model is frequently incorrect. Recent studies have shown that statistical regression models based on least-squares fitting often are more accurate. To make such models more generally available, the Virtual Beach (VB) tool was developed. VB is public-domain software that prescribes site-specific predictive models. In this study we used VB as a tool to evaluate statistical modeling for predicting Escherichia coli (E. coli) levels at Huntington Beach, on Lake Erie. The models were based on readily available weather and environmental data, plus U.S. Geological Service onsite data. Although models for Great Lakes beaches have frequently been fitted to multiyear data sets, this work demonstrates that useful statistical models can be based on limited data sets collected over much shorter time periods, leading to dynamic models that are periodically refitted as new data become available. Comparisons of the resulting nowcasts (predictions of current, but yet unknown, bacterial levels) with observations verified the effectiveness of VB and showed that dynamic models are about as accurate as long-term static models. Finally, fitting models to forecasted explanatory variables, bacteria forecasts were found to compare favorably to nowcasts, yielding adjusted coefficients of determination (adjusted R-2) of about 0.40. C1 [Frick, Walter E.; Zepp, Richard G.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ge, Zhongfu] US EPA, Natl Res Council, ERD, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Frick, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM frick.walter@epa.gov NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 13 BP 4818 EP 4824 DI 10.1021/es703185p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320GB UT WOS:000257220600037 PM 18678011 ER PT J AU Jin, YZ Thompson, BA Zhou, ZY Fu, Y Birnbaumer, L Wu, MX AF Jin, Yong Zhu Thompson, Brian A. Zhou, Zho Yan Fu, Yineng Birnbaumer, Lutz Wu, Mei X. TI Reciprocal function of G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in graft-versus-host disease SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE G alpha i proteins; graft-versus-host disease; T cell trafficking ID HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS; T-CELLS; SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; MICE; EXPRESSION; TRANSPLANTATION; LYMPHOCYTES AB This study delineates specific functions of G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in T cell mobilization during the development of graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) and reveals reciprocal effects of these two G proteins on the onset and morbidity of the disease. A deletion of G alpha i2 hampered trafficking of pathogenic T cells from secondary lymphoid tissues to inflammatory sites and sufficiently prevented GVHD. In contrast, a severer disease was induced in mice adoptively transferred with G alpha i3-deficient T cells than those mice transferred with wild-type T cells. in agreement with this, pathogenic G alpha i2(-/-) T cells displayed a defect in response to CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5, whereas lack of G alpha i3 augmented T effector cell chemotaxis induced by CXCL10 and CXCL11 and resulted in their preference of homing to the liver and colon. Absence of either Gai also abrogated sphingosince-i-phosphate (SlP)-mediated inhibition of T cell chemokinesis and facilitated T cell homing and expansion in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes at the early phase of GVHD development, which is another key determinant in the severity and early onset of the disease in the mice infused with G alpha i3-T cells. These observations underscore interplay between G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 and potentially provide a novel strategy to prevent GVHD by blocking T cell homing at early stages and T effector cell trafficking at later time points. C1 [Jin, Yong Zhu; Thompson, Brian A.; Zhou, Zho Yan; Wu, Mei X.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fu, Yineng] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Transmembrane Signaling Grp, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wu, Mei X.] Harvard MIT Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Boston, MA USA. RP Wu, MX (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Edwards 222,50 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM mwu2@partners.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050822-05, K02 AI070785, R01 AI050822, AI 050822, K02 AI070785-02, AI 070785]; NIAMS NIH HHS [T32 AR007098, T32 AR 07098-31] NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1988 EP 1998 DI 10.1002/eji.200737738 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 328VM UT WOS:000257826300023 PM 18521956 ER PT J AU Jugessur, A Rahimov, F Lie, RT Wilcox, AJ Gjessing, HK Nilsen, RM Nguyen, TT Murray, JC AF Jugessur, Astanand Rahimov, Fedik Lie, Rolv T. Wilcox, Allen J. Gjessing, Hakon K. Nilsen, Roy M. Nguyen, Truc Trung Murray, Jeffrey C. TI Genetic variants in IRF6 and the risk of facial clefts: Single-marker and haplotype-based analyses in a population-based case-control study of facial clefts in Norway SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; facial clefts; genetic epidemiology; IRF6; case-control; case-parent triad; log-linear model; association analysis; haplotype analysis; haplotype relative risk; HAPLIN; HapMap ID POPLITEAL PTERYGIUM SYNDROMES; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; PALATE; LIP; WOUDE; VAN; DISEQUILIBRIUM; ASSOCIATION; CONTRIBUTES AB Mutations in the gene encoding interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) underlie a common form of syndromic clefting known as Van der Woude syndrome. Lip pits and missing teeth are the only additional features distinguishing the syndrome from isolated clefts. Van der Woude syndrome, therefore, provides an excellent model for studying the isolated forms of clefting. From a population-based case-control study of facial clefts in Norway (1996-2001), we selected 377 cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), 196 cleft palate only (CPO), and 763 control infant-parent triads for analysis. We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IRF6 locus and estimated the relative risks (RR) conferred on the child by alleles and haplotypes of the child and of the mother. On the whole, there were strong statistical associations with CL/P but not CPO in our data. In single-marker analyses, mothers with a double-dose of the W-allele at rs4844880 had an increased risk of having a child with CL/P (RR = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-3.25; P = 0.036). An RR of 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.92; P = 0.031) was obtained when the child carried a single-dose of the W-allele at rs2235371 (the p.V274I polymorphism). The P-value for the overall test was <0.001. In haplotype analyses, several of the fetal and maternal haplotype relative risks were statistically significant individually but were not strong enough to show up on the overall test (P = 0.113). Taken together, these findings further support a role for IRF6 variants in clefting of the lip and provide specific risk estimates in a Norwegian population. C1 [Jugessur, Astanand; Lie, Rolv T.; Gjessing, Hakon K.; Nilsen, Roy M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Sect Epidemiol & Med Stat, Bergen, Norway. [Rahimov, Fedik; Murray, Jeffrey C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lie, Rolv T.; Nguyen, Truc Trung] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Wilcox, Allen J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gjessing, Hakon K.] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RP Jugessur, A (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM anil.jugessur@mcri.edu.au RI Gjessing, Hakon/A-5871-2012; Rahimov, Fedik/H-2685-2013; OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE01960, R37 DE008559-19, DE08559, R01 DE008559-10, R37 DE008559-18, R01 DE008559, R37 DE008559] NR 24 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1002/gepi.20314 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 324VR UT WOS:000257548000003 PM 18278815 ER PT J AU Lohmann, R Bollinger, K King, J Cantwell, M Caprio, T AF Lohmann, Rainer Bollinger, Kevyn King, John Cantwell, Mark Caprio, Tony TI Black carbon and sorption of PAHs in natural fire-impacted sediments form Oriole Lake (CA) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lohmann, Rainer; Bollinger, Kevyn; King, John] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, ORD NHEERL, Atlant Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Caprio, Tony] Natl Pk Serv, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM lohmann@gso.uri.edu RI Lohmann, Rainer/B-1511-2008 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A567 EP A567 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601397 ER PT J AU Lyles, MB Fredrickson, HL Bednar, AJ Fannin, HB Griffin, D Sobecki, TM AF Lyles, M. B. Fredrickson, H. L. Bednar, A. J. Fannin, H. B. Griffin, D. Sobecki, T. M. TI Medical geology: Dust exposure and potential health risks in the Middle East SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lyles, M. B.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. [Fredrickson, H. L.; Bednar, A. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fannin, H. B.] Murray State Univ, Dept Chem, Murray, KY 42071 USA. [Griffin, D.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Sobecki, T. M.] USA, Corp Engn, Hanover, NH USA. EM mark.lyles@med.navy.mil; Fredrickson.Herbert@epamail.epa.gov; Anthony.J.Bednar@erdc.usace.army.mil; harry.fannin@murraystate.edu; dgriffin@usgs.gov; Terry.M.Sobecki@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A576 EP A576 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601415 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, PR Faustini, JA Larsen, DP Shirazi, MA AF Kaufmann, Philip R. Faustini, John A. Larsen, David P. Shirazi, Mostafa A. TI A roughness-corrected index of relative bed stability for regional stream surveys SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rivers/streams; sediment transport; environmental indicators; hydraulic resistance; bedform roughness ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; SURFACE TEXTURES; HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS; FLOW RESISTANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIVERS; CHANNELS; HABITAT; BUFFINGTON,JOHN,M. AB Quantitative regional assessments of streambed sedimentation and its likely causes are hampered because field investigations typically lack the requisite sample size, measurements, or precision for sound geomorphic and statistical interpretation. We adapted an index of relative bed stability (RBS) for data calculated from a national stream survey field protocol to enable general evaluation of bed stability and anthropogenic sedimentation in synoptic ecological surveys. RBS is the ratio of bed surface geometric mean particle diameter (D-gm) divided by estimated critical diameter (D-cbf) at bankfull flow, based on a modified Shield's criterion for incipient motion. Application of RBS to adequately depict bed stability in complex natural streams, however, has been limited because typical calculations of RBS do not explicitly account for reductions in bed shear stress that result from channel form roughness. We modified the index (RBS*) to incorporate the reduction in bed shear stress available for sediment transport that results from the hydraulic resistance of large wood and longitudinal irregularities in channel dimensions ("form roughness"). Based on dimensional analysis, we derived an adjustment to bankfull shear stress by multiplying the bankfull hydraulic radius (R-bf) by the one-third power of the ratio of particle-derived resistance to total hydraulic resistance (C-p/C-t)(1/3), where both resistances are empirically based calculations. We computed C, using a Keulegan equation relating resistance to relative submergence of bed particles. We then derived an empirical equation to predict reach-scale hydraulic resistance C-t from thalweg mean depth, thalweg mean residual depth, and large wood volume based on field dye transit studies, in which total hydraulic resistance C, was measured over a wide range of natural stream channel complexity, including manipulation of large wood volumes. We tested our estimates of Ct and RBS* by applying them to data from a summer low flow probability sample of 104 wadeable stream reaches in the Coastal Ecoregion of Oregon and Washington, USA. Stream discharges calculated using these Ct estimates compared favorably with velocity-area measurements of discharge during summer low flow, and with the range of 1 to 2-year recurrence floods (scaled by drainage area) at U.S.Geological Survey gauged sites in the same region. Log [RBS*] ranged from -4.2 to +0.98 in the survey region. Dgm ranged from silt to boulders, while estimated bankfull critical diameter, D*(cbf), ranged from very fine gravel to large boulders. The median value of D*cbf (adjusted for form roughness influences) averaged 40% (inter quartile range 28 to 59%) of the unadjusted estimate D-cbf. Log[RBS*] was consistently negatively related to human disturbances likely to produce excess sediment inputs or hydrologic alteration. Log [RBS*] ranged from -1.9 to +0.5 in the streams within the lower quartile of human disturbance in their basin and riparian areas and was substantially lower (-4.2 to -1.1) in streams within the upper quartile of human disturbance. The synoptic survey methods and designs we used appear adequate to evaluate regional patterns in bed stability and sedimentation and their general relationship to human disturbances. Although the RBS concept also shows promise for evaluating sediment and bed stability in individual streams, our approach is relatively coarse, so site-specific assessments using these rapid field methods might prudently be confned to identifying severe cases of sedimentation or channel alteration. Greater confidence to discern, subtle differences in site-specific assessments could be gained by calculating RBS* using more precise field measurements of channel slope, bed particle size and bankfull dimensions, and by refining our adjustments for energy loss from channel form roughness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Faustini, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaufmann, Philip R.; Shirazi, Mostafa A.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Larsen, David P.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Faustini, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM kaufmann.phil@epa.gov; faustini.john@epa.gov; larsen.phil@epa.gov; shirazi.mostafa@epa.gov RI Faustini, John/A-8378-2009 NR 102 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 150 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.10.007 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 326YQ UT WOS:000257696000012 ER PT J AU Reusser, DA Lee, H AF Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II TI Predictions for an invaded world: a strategy to predict the distribution of native and non-indigenous species at multiple scales SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions CY MAY 21-24, 2007 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA SP Natl Sea Grant Off, N Pacific Marine Sci Org, Int Council Explorat Seas HO MIT DE ecological niche modelling; geographic scale; habitat modelling; non-indigenous species; non-parametric multiplicative regression; Northeast Pacific ID HABITAT MODELS AB Habitat models can be used to predict the distributions of marine and estuarine non-indigenous species (NIS) over several spatial scales. At an estuary scale, our goal is to predict the estuaries most likely to be invaded, but at a habitat scale, the goal is to predict the specific locations within an estuary that are most vulnerable to invasion. As an initial step in evaluating several habitat models, model performance for a suite of benthic species with reasonably well-known distributions on the Pacific coast of the US needs to be compared. We discuss the utility of non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) for predicting habitat-and estuary-scale distributions of native and NIS. NPMR incorporates interactions among variables, allows qualitative and categorical variables, and utilizes data on absence as well as presence. Preliminary results indicate that NPMR generally performs well at both spatial scales and that distributions of NIS are predicted as well as those of native species. For most species, latitude was the single best predictor, although similar model performance could be obtained at both spatial scales with combinations of other habitat variables. Errors of commission were more frequent at a habitat scale, with omission and commission errors approximately equal at an estuary scale. C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 2111 NE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dreusser@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 742 EP 745 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn021 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 319BH UT WOS:000257136300006 ER PT J AU Edwards, RA Wang, KH Davis, JS Birnbaumer, L AF Edwards, Robert A. Wang, Kehui Davis, Jennifer S. Birnbaumer, Lutz TI Role for epithelial dysregulation in early-onset colitis-associated colon cancer in Gi2-alpha-/- mice SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Article DE colitis associated colon cancer; inflammatory bowel disease; animal models of colon cancer; heterotrimeric G-protein signaling ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); ARACHIDONIC-ACID; MUTANT; DYSPLASIA; THERAPY; SUBUNIT AB Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for developing colorectal cancer but the mechanisms are poorly characterized. Mice lacking the G-protein alpha subunit Gi2-alpha spontaneously develop colitis and colon cancer with high penetrance. Compared to canonical Wnt/APC signaling-based animal models of colon cancer, the tumors in Gi2-alpha-/- mice more closely recapitulate the features of IBD-associated cancers seen in humans. They are predominantly right-sided, multifocal, mucinous, and arise from areas of flat dysplasia. Methods: In evaluating the potential contribution of epithelial Gi2-alpha signaling to this phenotype, we found that Gi2-alpha-/- colonic epithelium is hyperproliferative even before the onset of colitis, and resistant to the induction of apoptosis. We generated colon cancer cell lines overexpressing dominant-negative Gi2-alpha. Results: Like other cells lacking Gi2-alpha, these cells release less arachidonic acid, an important antiinflammatory and epithelial growth regulator. They are also hyperproliferative and resistant to camptothecin-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. Conclusions: The colitis-associated cancers in Gi2-alpha-/- mice appear very similar to those seen in human IBD patients, and Gi2-alpha is a direct negative regulator of colonic epithelial cell growth. C1 [Edwards, Robert A.; Wang, Kehui; Davis, Jennifer S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Birnbaumer, Lutz] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Edwards, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM redwards@uci.edu OI Davis, Jennifer/0000-0001-9456-1682 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES101643-05]; NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA062203]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K08 DK059816, R21 DK071591, K08 DK59816] NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1078-0998 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 898 EP 907 DI 10.1002/ibd.20414 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 322UW UT WOS:000257401800004 PM 18340649 ER PT J AU Skadsen, J Janke, R Grayman, W Samuels, W TenBroek, M Steglitz, B Bahl, S AF Skadsen, Janice Janke, Robert Grayman, Walter Samuels, William TenBroek, Mark Steglitz, Brian Bahl, Sumedh TI Distribution system on-line monitoring for detecting contamination and water quality changes SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER AB Concerns about water quality and possible intentional contamination of water distribution systems are making online monitoring an increasingly important priority for many water utilities. The authors used a suite of modeling tools to develop a practical and defensible approach to detecting both security-related contamination events and natural water quality changes in drinking water distribution systems. The authors' conclusions demonstrate the value of using a modeling approach when monitoring locations are selected. These conclusions can help a utility develop a defensible approach to water quality monitoring in its distribution system. Use of a modeling approach to monitor location selection optimizes the use of utility dollars while maximizing public health protection. The presentation of actual on-line data is illustrative of the need to provide this type of monitoring to better understand both treatment and distribution system processes. C1 [Skadsen, Janice; TenBroek, Mark] CDM Michigan Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Grayman, Walter] WM Grayman Consulting Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Samuels, William] SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. RP Skadsen, J (reprint author), CDM Michigan Inc, 3055 Miller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. EM skadsenjm@cdm.com NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 2164-4535 J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 100 IS 7 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 329CL UT WOS:000257844400014 ER PT J AU Sivaganesan, M AF Sivaganesan, Mano TI Estimating chloramine C x T for the synergistic inactivation of Cryptosporidium with ozone followed by chloramine SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; PARVUM OOCYSTS; EQUATION AB The author describes a statistical model that can be used to account for the error in estimating the required chloramine concentration times time (C x T) to inactivate Cryptosporidium oocysts with ozone followed by chloramine in drinking water. The safety factor described in the article can be used to determine whether the required C x T takes account of specific known uncertainties. The fact that lots are not all identical needs to be accounted for when the safety level of C x T is calculated. Because lot variability is accounted for in the current Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, water utilities may want to use a similar factor for a sequential inactivation approach that also takes lot variability into account. This study shows that a sequential application of ozone and chloramine is a promising alternative to a single application of ozone or chloramine to control C. parvum oocysts in drinking water. Water utilities can calculate the required C x T for the secondary disinfectant in order to achieve a specified inactivation level of C. parvum oocysts. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sivaganesan, M (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 100 IS 7 BP 120 EP + PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 329CL UT WOS:000257844400017 ER PT J AU Tomasino, SF Pines, RM Cottrill, MP Hamilton, MA AF Tomasino, Stephen F. Pines, Rebecca M. Cottrill, Michele P. Hamilton, Martin A. TI Determining the efficacy of liquid sporicides against spores of Bacillus subtilis on a hard nonporous surface using the quantitative three step method: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A collaborative study was conducted to validate the quantitative Three Step Method (TSM), a method designed to measure the performance of liquid sporicides on a hard nonporous surface. Ten laboratories agreed to participate in the collaborative study; data from 8 of 10 participating laboratories were used in the final statistical analysis. The TSM uses 5 x 5 x 1 mm glass coupons (carriers) upon which spores have been inoculated and which are introduced into liquid sporicidal agent contained in a microcentrifuge tube. Following exposure to a test chemical and a neutralization agent, spores are removed from carriers in 3 fractions: passive removal (Fraction A), sonication (Fraction B), and gentle agitation (Fraction C). Liquid from each fraction is serially diluted and plated on a recovery medium for spore enumeration. Control counts are compared to the treated counts, and the level of efficacy is determined by calculating the log(10) reduction (LR) of spores. The main statistical goals were to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the LR values, to estimate the components of variance for LR, and to assess method responsiveness. AOAC Method 966.04-Method II was used as a reference method. The scope of the validation was limited to testing liquid formulations against spores of Bacillus subtilis, a surrogate for virulent strains of B. anthracis, on a hard nonporous surface (glass). The test chemicals used in the study were sodium hypochlorite, a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and glutaraldehyde. Each test chemical was evaluated at 3 levels of presumed efficacy: high, medium, and low. Three replications were required. The TSM was validated as it successfully met the statistical parameters for quantitative test methods. Satisfactory validation parameters, such as the repeatability standard deviation (S(r)) and reproducibility standard deviation (S(R)), were obtained for control carrier counts and LR values. Both the TSM and the reference method were responsive to the efficacy levels of the test chemicals. For the 72 total TSM tests conducted, the mean (+/- standard error of the mean) log density of spores per control carrier was 6.86 (+/- 0.08); the S(r) and S(R) were low at 0.15 and 0.27, respectively. Across the range of test chemicals, the S(r) and S(R) estimates associated with LR were also acceptably low. The S(r) ranged from 0.17 to 0.72 and the S(R) ranged from 0.34 to 1.43. Overall, the S(r) and S(R) estimates associated with the efficacy data were within the ranges published for other quantitative methods and meet the performance characteristics necessary for validation. C1 [Tomasino, Stephen F.; Pines, Rebecca M.; Cottrill, Michele P.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab Branch, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Hamilton, Martin A.] Big Sky Stat Analysts LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Tomasino, SF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Microbiol Lab Branch, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM tomasino.stephen@epamail.epa.gov NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 833 EP 852 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DG UT WOS:000258270400020 PM 18727544 ER PT J AU Georgescu, M Miguez-Macho, G Steyaert, LT Weaver, CP AF Georgescu, M. Miguez-Macho, G. Steyaert, L. T. Weaver, C. P. TI Sensitivity of summer climate to anthropogenic land-cover change over the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Arizona; anthropogenic impact; land-atmosphere interactions; land-use-land-cover change; precipitation; Phoenix; regional climate modeling ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOIL-MOISTURE; URBAN AREAS; PRECIPITATION; ARIZONA AB This work evaluates the first-order effect of land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) on the summer climate of one of the nation's most rapidly expanding metropolitan complexes, the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region. High-resolution-2-km grid spacing-Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) simulations of three "wet" and three "dry" summers were carried out for two different land-cover reconstructions for the region: a circa 1992 representation based on satellite observations, and a hypothetical land-cover scenario where the anthropogenic landscape of irrigated agriculture and urban pixels was replaced with current semi-natural vegetation. Model output is evaluated with respect to observed air temperature, dew point, and precipitation. Our results suggest that development of extensive irrigated agriculture adjacent to the urban area has dampened any regional-mean warming due to urbanization. Consistent with previous observationally based work, LULCC produces a systematic increase in precipitation to the north and east of the city, though only under dry conditions. This is due to a change in background atmospheric stability resulting from the advection of both warmth from the urban core and moisture from the irrigated area. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Georgescu, M.; Weaver, C. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Miguez-Macho, G.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Nonlinear phys Grp, Galicia, Spain. [Steyaert, L. T.] US Geol Survey, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Weaver, C. P.] US EPA, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Georgescu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Predict, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM matt1@cep.rutgers.edu RI Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Garcia Bustamante, Elena/H-4188-2012; Georgescu, Matei/G-5442-2011 OI Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Garcia Bustamante, Elena/0000-0002-2677-0252; NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1358 EP 1373 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.004 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317TU UT WOS:000257043800019 ER PT J AU Chen, H Rygiewicz, PT Johnson, MG Harmon, ME Tian, H Tang, JW AF Chen, H. Rygiewicz, P. T. Johnson, M. G. Harmon, M. E. Tian, H. Tang, J. W. TI Chemistry and long-term decomposition of roots of Douglas-fir grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and warming conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th USDA Greenhouse Gas Symposium on Positioning Agriculture and Forestry to Meet the Challenges of Climate Change CY FEB 06-08, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; LITTER QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEAF-LITTER; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; BETULA-PAPYRIFERA; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; PLANT; AVAILABILITY AB Elevated atmospheric CO, concentrations and warming may affect the quality of litters of form plants and their subsequent decomposition in ecosystems, thereby potentially affecting the global carbon cycle. However, few data on root tissues are available to test this feedback to the atmosphere. In this study, we used fine (diameter <= 2 mm) and small (2-10 mm) roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings that were grown for 4 yr in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment: ambient or elevated (+ 180 ppm) atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and ambient or elevated (+3.8 degrees C) atmospheric temperature. Exposure to elevated CO2 significantly increased water-soluble extractives concentration (%WSE), but had little effect on the concentration of N, cellulose, and lignin of roots. Elevated temperature had no effect on substrate quality except for increasing %WSE and decreasing the %lignin content of fine roots. No significant interaction was found between CO, and temperature treatments on substrate quality, except for %WSE of the fine roots. Short-term (<= 9 mo) root decomposition in the field indicated that the roots from the ambient CO, and ambient temperature treatment had the slowest rate. However, over a longer period of incubation (9-36 mo) the influence of initial substrate quality on root decomposition diminished. Instead, the location of the field incubation sites exhibited significant control on decomposition. Roots at the warmer, low elevation site decomposed significantly faster than the ones at the cooler, high elevation site. This study indicates that short-term decomposition and long-term responses are not similar. It also suggests that increasing atmospheric CO2 had little effect on the carbon storage of Douglas-fir old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Chen, H.] Univ Illinois, Biol Dep, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Rygiewicz, P. T.; Johnson, M. G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Harmon, M. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tian, H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tang, J. W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Biol Dep, 1 Univ Plaza, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. EM hchen40@uis.edu RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091 NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1336 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0266 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324FU UT WOS:000257503900003 PM 18574162 ER PT J AU Frazier, MR Harrison, JF Kirkton, SD Roberts, SP AF Frazier, Melanie R. Harrison, Jon F. Kirkton, Scott D. Roberts, Stephen P. TI Cold rearing improves cold-flight performance in Drosophila via changes in wing morphology SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beneficial acclimation; developmental plasticity; wing loading; wing-beat frequency; body size; free flight; temperature ID BENEFICIAL ACCLIMATION HYPOTHESIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA CATERPILLARS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; POWER OUTPUT; BODY-SIZE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; REACTION NORMS; INSECT FLIGHT AB We use a factorial experimental design to test whether rearing at colder temperatures shifts the lower thermal envelope for flight of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen to colder temperatures. D. melanogaster that developed in colder temperatures (15 degrees C) had a significant flight advantage in cold air compared to flies that developed in warmer temperatures (28 degrees C). At 14 degrees C, cold-reared flies failed to perform a take-off flight similar to 47% of the time whereas warm-reared flies failed similar to 94% of the time. At 18 degrees C, cold- and warm-reared flies performed equally well. We also compared several traits in cold- and warm-developing flies to determine if cold-developing flies had better flight performance at cold temperatures due to changes in body mass, wing length, wing loading, relative flight muscle mass or wing-beat frequency. The improved ability to fly at low temperatures was associated with a dramatic increase in wing area and an increase in wing length (after controlling for wing area). Flies that developed at 15 degrees C had similar to 25% more wing area than similarly sized flies that developed at 28 degrees C. Cold-reared flies had slower wing-beat frequencies than similarly sized flies from warmer developmental environments, whereas other traits did not vary with developmental temperature. These results demonstrate that developmental plasticity in wing dimensions contributes to the improved flight performance of D. melanogaster at cold temperatures, and ultimately, may help D. melanogaster live in a wide range of thermal environments. C1 [Frazier, Melanie R.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harrison, Jon F.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kirkton, Scott D.] Union Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Roberts, Stephen P.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Frazier, MR (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL WED PCEB, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM frazier.melanie@epa.gov RI Frazier, Melanie/A-2367-2012 NR 69 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 13 BP 2116 EP 2122 DI 10.1242/jeb.019422 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 313DL UT WOS:000256721200023 PM 18552301 ER PT J AU Mage, DT Allen, RH Kodali, A AF Mage, David T. Allen, Ruth H. Kodali, Anuradha TI Creatinine corrections for estimating children's and adult's pesticide intake doses in equilibrium with urinary pesticide and creatinine concentrations SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creatine; creatinine; NHANES; pesticides; children; adults; obesity ID LEAN BODY-MASS; SERUM CREATININE; OBESE-PATIENTS; CLEARANCE; EXCRETION; RACE; CHLORPYRIFOS; PREDICTION; EXPOSURE; SURFACE AB A urine contaminant concentration per se has uncertain meaning for human health because of dilution by hydration. However, the estimation of the health-related daily intake dose of pollutant (mg/kg/day) that equilibrates with a spot urinary concentration of a pesticide residue or metabolite, or other analyte, can be made using creatinine-corrected toxicant levels (mg analyte/mg creatinine) multiplied by an estimate oft he subjects' expected creatinine excretion rates (mg creatinine/kg/day). The objective was to develop a set of equations predicting a person's expected daily creatinine excretion (mg/kg) as a function of age, gender, race and morphometry, from birth to old age. We review the creatinine excretion literature where infants, children and adults provided 24 h total urine samples for creatinine analysis. Equations are developed for infants (<= 3 years), children (3-18 years) and adults (>= 18 years) that match at 3 and 18 years. A series of equations that estimate daily creatinine excretion (mg/day) are developed that are piecewise continuous from birth through infancy through adolescence and through adulthood for males and females, and Black and White races. Complicating factors such as diet, health status and obesity are discussed. We propose that these equations, with caveat, can now be used with measured urine concentrations to consistently estimate the corresponding equilibrium intake doses of toxicants at ages from birth to 92 years for the healthy non-obese. We recommend that this system of equations be considered for future development and reporting of applied doses in mg/kg/day of pollutants and toxicants that are measured in urine samples, as in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. C1 [Mage, David T.; Kodali, Anuradha] Danya Int Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Allen, Ruth H.] US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mage, DT (reprint author), 18 W Periwinkle Ln, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM magedonner@aol.com OI Mage, David/0000-0002-3880-566X NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500614 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 314TU UT WOS:000256832600002 PM 17878925 ER PT J AU Lin, YS Egeghy, PP Rappaport, SM AF Lin, Y. S. Egeghy, P. P. Rappaport, S. M. TI Relationships between levels of volatile organic compounds in air and blood from the general population SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarker; blood; NHANES; volatile organic compounds ID TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER; HUMAN BENZENE METABOLISM; DRINKING-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; URINARY BIOMARKERS; ALBUMIN ADDUCTS; BY-PRODUCTS; BREATH; CHLOROFORM; CHILDREN AB The relationships between levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in blood and air have not been well characterized in the general population where exposure concentrations are generally at parts per billion levels. This study investigates relationships between the levels of nine VOCs, namely, benzene, chloroform, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tetrachloroethene, toluene, and m-/p- and o-xylene, in blood and air from a stratified random sample of the general US population. We used data collected from 354 participants, including 89 smokers and 265 nonsmokers, aged 20-59 years, who provided samples of blood and air in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Demographic and physiological characteristics were obtained from self-reported information; smoking status was determined from levels of serum cotinine. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationships between VOC levels in air and blood, while adjusting for effects of smoking and demographic factors. Although levels of VOCs in blood were positively correlated with the corresponding air levels, the strength of association (R-2) varied from 0.02 (ethylbenzene) to 0.68 (1,4-DCB). Also the blood-air relationships of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes (BTEX) were influenced by smoking, exposure-smoking interactions, and by gender, age, and BMI, whereas those oft he other VOCs were not. Interestingly, the particular exposure-smoking interaction for benzene was different from those for toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes. Whereas smokers retained more benzene in their blood at increasing exposure levels, they retained less toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes at increasing exposure levels. Investigators should consider interaction effects of exposure levels and smoking when exploring the blood-air relationships of the BTEX compounds in the general population. C1 [Rappaport, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, Y. S.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Egeghy, P. P.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Rappaport, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Mail Code 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srappaport@berkeley.edu RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500635 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 314TU UT WOS:000256832600008 PM 18059425 ER PT J AU Hantush, MM Kalin, L AF Hantush, Mohamed M. Kalin, Latif TI Stochastic residual-error analysis for estimating hydrologic model predictive uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; WATER-QUALITY MODEL; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; DECISION-MAKING; OPTIMIZATION; EQUIFINALITY; SIMULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB A hybrid time series-nonparametric sampling approach, referred to herein as semiparametric, is presented for the estimation of model predictive uncertainty. The methodology is a two-step procedure whereby a distributed hydrologic model is first calibrated, then followed by brute force application of time series analysis with nonparametric random generation to synthesize serially correlated model residual errors. The methodology is applied to estimate uncertainties in simulated streamflows and related flow attributes upstream from the mouth of a rapidly urbanizing watershed. Two procedures for the estimation of model output uncertainty are compared: the Gaussian-based l-step forecast and the semiparametric ensemble forecast. Results show that although both methods yielded comparable uncertainty bands, the Gaussian l-step forecast underestimated the width of the uncertainty band when compared to the semiparametric method. An ensemble of streamflows generated through Latin-hypercube Monte Carlo simulations showed relatively larger values of the coefficient of variation for long-term average annual maximum daily flows than for long-term daily, monthly maximum daily, and monthly median of daily flows. Ensemble of flow duration curves is generated from the error-adjusted simulated flows. The computed low flows displayed greater values of the coefficient of variation than flows in the medium and high range. The ensemble flow durations allow for the estimation of daily flow range upstream from the outlet with 95% confidence for a specified design recurrence period. The computed uncertainties of the predicted watershed response and associated flow attributes provide the basis for communicating the risk to stakeholders and decision makers who are involved in the future development of the watershed. C1 [Hantush, Mohamed M.] US EPA, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kalin, Latif] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM hantush.mohamed@epa.gov; latif@auburn.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 13 IS 7 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:7(585) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 314UX UT WOS:000256835800009 ER PT J AU Baldauf, R Thoma, E Hays, M Shores, R Kinsey, J Gullett, B Kimbrough, S Isakov, V Long, T Snow, R Khlystov, A Weinstein, J Chen, FL Seila, R Olson, D Gilmour, I Cho, SH Watkins, N Rowley, P Bang, J AF Baldauf, Richard Thoma, Eben Hays, Michael Shores, Richard Kinsey, John Gullett, Brian Kimbrough, Sue Isakov, Vlad Long, Thomas Snow, Richard Khlystov, Andrey Weinstein, Jason Chen, Fu-Lin Seila, Robert Olson, David Gilmour, Ian Cho, Seung-Hyun Watkins, Nealson Rowley, Patricia Bang, John TI Traffic and meteorological impacts on near-road air quality: Summary of methods and trends from the raleigh near-road study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; CHILDREN BORN; MAJOR HIGHWAY; BIRTH-WEIGHT AB A growing number of epidemiological studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects in populations living, working, or going to school near major roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emissions impacts on air quality and particle toxicity near a heavily traveled highway. In an attempt to describe the complex mixture of pollutants and atmospheric transport mechanisms affecting pollutant dispersion in this near-highway environment, several real-time and time-integrated sampling devices measured air quality concentrations at multiple distances and heights from the road. Pollutants analyzed included U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-regulated gases, particulate matter (coarse, fine, and ultrafine), and air toxics. Pollutant measurements were synchronized with real-time traffic and meteorological monitoring devices to provide continuous and integrated assessments of the variation of near-road air pollutant concentrations and particle toxicity with changing traffic and environmental conditions, as well as distance from the road. Measurement results demonstrated the temporal and spatial impact of traffic emissions on near-road air quality. The distribution of mobile source emitted gas and particulate pollutants under all wind and traffic conditions indicated a higher proportion of elevated concentrations near the road, suggesting elevated exposures for populations spending significant amounts of time in this microenvironment. Diurnal variations in pollutant concentrations also demonstrated the impact of traffic activity and meteorology on near-road air quality. Time-resolved measurements of multiple pollutants demonstrated that traffic emissions produced a complex mixture of criteria and air toxic pollutants in this microenvironment. These results provide a foundation for future assessments of these data to identify the relationship of traffic activity and meteorology on air quality concentrations and population exposures. C1 [Baldauf, Richard; Thoma, Eben; Hays, Michael; Shores, Richard; Kinsey, John; Gullett, Brian; Kimbrough, Sue] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Off Air & Radiat, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Isakov, Vlad] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Long, Thomas; Snow, Richard] ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Khlystov, Andrey] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Weinstein, Jason; Chen, Fu-Lin; Seila, Robert; Olson, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gilmour, Ian; Cho, Seung-Hyun] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Watkins, Nealson; Rowley, Patricia] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bang, John] N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009; Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009; OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919; Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 51 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 42 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 865 EP 878 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.865 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328PB UT WOS:000257809200002 PM 18672711 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Shores, RC Isakov, V Baldauf, RW AF Thoma, Eben D. Shores, Richard C. Isakov, Vlad Baldauf, Richard W. TI Characterization of near-road pollutant gradients using path-integrated optical remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSION FACTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; SYMPTOMS; GASOLINE; CHILDREN AB Understanding motor vehicle emissions, near-roadway pollutant dispersion, and their potential impact to near-roadway populations is an area of growing environmental interest. As part of ongoing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency research in this area, a field study was conducted near Interstate 440 (I-440) in Raleigh, NC, in July and August of 2006. This paper presents a subset of measurements from the study focusing on nitric oxide (NO) concentrations near the roadway. Measurements of NO in this study were facilitated by the use of a novel path-integrated optical remote sensing technique called deep ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DUV-DOAS). This paper reviews the development and application of this measurement system. Time-resolved near-road NO concentrations are analyzed in conjunction with wind and traffic data to provide a picture of emissions and near-road dispersion for the study. Results show peak NO concentrations in the 150 ppb range during weekday morning rush hours with winds from the road accompanied by significantly lower afternoon and weekend concentrations. Traffic volume and wind direction are shown to be primary determinants of NO concentrations with turbulent diffusion and meandering accounting for significant near-road concentrations in off-wind conditions. The enhanced source capture performance of the open-path configuration allowed for robust comparisons of measured concentrations with a composite variable of traffic intensity coupled with wind transport (R-2 = 0.84) as well as investigations on the influence of wind direction on NO dilution near the roadway. The benefits of path-integrated measurements for assessing line source impacts and evaluating models is presented. The advantages of NO as a tracer compound, compared with nitrogen dioxide, for investigations of mobile source emissions and initial dispersion under crosswind conditions are also discussed. C1 [Thoma, Eben D.; Shores, Richard C.; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, NOAA, Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.879 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328PB UT WOS:000257809200003 PM 18672712 ER PT J AU Haasch, ML Lothenbach, DB Flynn, KM Whiteman, FW Hammermeister, DE Nagel, J Backe, WJ Shadwick, D Schmieder, PK Johnson, RD AF Haasch, Mary L. Lothenbach, Douglas B. Flynn, Kevin M. Whiteman, Frank W. Hammermeister, Dean E. Nagel, Jessica Backe, Will J. Shadwick, Douglas Schmieder, Patricia K. Johnson, Rodney D. TI Short-term reproduction and early development test in Japanese medaka using 4-pentyknfline SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Haasch, Mary L.; Lothenbach, Douglas B.; Flynn, Kevin M.; Whiteman, Frank W.; Hammermeister, Dean E.; Nagel, Jessica; Backe, Will J.; Schmieder, Patricia K.; Johnson, Rodney D.] US EPA, MED, Duluth, MN USA. [Shadwick, Douglas] CSC Corp, Morrisville, NC USA. EM haasch.mary@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400064 ER PT J AU Perkins, EJ Garcia-Reyero, N Villeneuve, DL Martinovic, D Brasfield, SM Blake, LS Brodin, JD Denslow, ND Ankley, GT AF Perkins, Edward J. Garcia-Reyero, Natalia Villeneuve, Daniel L. Martinovic, Dalma Brasfield, Sandra M. Blake, Lindsey S. Brodin, Jeffrey D. Denslow, Nancy D. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Perturbation of gene expression and steroidogenesis with in vitro exposure of fathead minnow ovaries to ketoconazole SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 14) CY MAY 06-09, 2007 CL Florianopolis, BRAZIL SP Petroleo Brasileiro S A, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif Tecnol, Soc Brasileira Ecotoxicol, Univ Fed Santa Catarina DE gene expression profiling; ketoconazole; steroidogenesis AB Ketoconazole is a fungicidal drug that inhibits function of cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of steroids. To examine if inhibition of P450 function affects gene expression in a dynamic manner, we conducted in vitro exposures of ovary tissue from fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to 0.5 pM ketoconazole to investigate effects on steroid production and gene expression over time. Expression of four key steroiclogenesis genes was examined at 1, 6, and 12 h of exposure. 11 P- and 200-hydroxysteroid clehydrogenases were down regulated at I h and Cytochrome P450 17 was down-regulated at 12 h, consistent with the absence of steroid production. In contrast, cytochrome P450 19A was up-regulated at 6 h, indicating feedback regulation. Microarray analysis of 12 h exposures indicated enrichment of biological processes involved in neurotransmitter secretion, lymphocyte cell activation, sodium ion transport, and embryonic development. These data suggest that, with the exception of cytochrome P450 19A, these steroid metabolic genes are regulated in a feed forward manner and that the effects of ketoconazole may be broader than anticipated based on the mechanism of action alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Perkins, Edward J.; Brasfield, Sandra M.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Martinovic, Dalma; Blake, Lindsey S.; Brodin, Jeffrey D.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Perkins, EJ (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM edwardj.perkins@us.army.mil OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.072 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400131 PM 18423573 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Papoulias, DM Whyte, JJ Villeneuve, DL Ankley, GT Tillitt, DE AF Richter, Catherine A. Papoulias, Diana M. Whyte, Jeffrey J. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Ankley, Gerald T. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richter, Catherine A.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Whyte, Jeffrey J.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. EM CRichter@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400202 ER PT J AU VanWert, AL Srimaroeng, C Sweet, DH AF VanWert, Adam L. Srimaroeng, Chutima Sweet, Douglas H. TI Organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3/Slc22a8) interacts with carboxyfluoroquinolones, and deletion increases systemic exposure to ciprofloxacin SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULES; EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE; CATION TRANSPORTERS; NALIDIXIC-ACID; KNOCKOUT MICE; RAT-KIDNEY; DNA GYRASE; LEVOFLOXACIN; OAT3 AB Carboxyfluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, are used for the treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Renal secretion is a major determinant of their systemic and urinary concentration, but the specific transporters involved are virtually unknown. In vivo studies implicate the organic anion transporter (OAT) family as a pivotal component of carboxyfluoroquinolone renal secretion. Therefore, this study identified the specific renal basolateral OAT(s) involved, thereby highlighting potential sources of carboxyfluoroquinolone-drug interactions and variable efficacy. Two heterologous expression systems, Xenopus laevis oocytes and cell monolayers, were used to determine the roles of murine and human renal basolateral mOat1/hOAT1 and mOat3/hOAT3. Ciprofloxacin was transported by mOat3 in both systems (K(m) value, 70 +/- 6 mu M) and demonstrated no interaction with mOat1 or hOAT1. Furthermore, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and gatifloxacin exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of transport on mOat3 in cells with inhibition constants of 198 +/- 39, 558 +/- 75, 745 +/- 165, and 941 +/- 232 mu M, respectively. Ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin also inhibited hOAT3. Thereafter, in vivo elimination of ciprofloxacin was assessed in wild-type and Oat3 null mice [Oat3(-/-)]. Oat3(-/-) mice exhibited significantly elevated plasma levels of ciprofloxacin at clinically relevant concentrations (P < 0.05, male mice; P < 0.01, female mice). Oat3(-/-) mice also demonstrated a reduced volume of distribution (27%, P < 0.01, male mice; 14%, P < 0.01, female mice) and increased area under the concentration-time curve (25%, P < 0.05, male mice; 33%, P < 0.01, female mice). Female Oat3(-/-) mice had a 35% (P < 0.01) reduction in total clearance of ciprofloxacin relative to wild type. In addition, putative ciprofloxacin metabolites were significantly elevated in Oat3(-/-) mice. The present findings indicate that polymorphisms of and drug interactions on hOAT3 may influence carboxyfluoroquinolone efficacy, especially in urinary tract infections. C1 [VanWert, Adam L.; Sweet, Douglas H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Srimaroeng, Chutima] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Sweet, DH (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, 280 Calhoun St Room QE218,POB 250140, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM sweetd@musc.edu RI Sweet, Douglas/H-7914-2013; OI Sweet, Douglas/0000-0002-8911-9184; Srimaroeng, Chutima/0000-0002-5537-1023 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C0-RR015455, C06 RR015455]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK067216-04, R01 DK067216, R01-DK067216] NR 44 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1124/mol.107.042853 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 315OP UT WOS:000256889600013 PM 18381565 ER PT J AU Chorley, BN Wang, X Campbell, MR Pittman, GS Noureddine, MA Bell, DA AF Chorley, Brian N. Wang, Xuting Campbell, Michelle R. Pittman, Gary S. Noureddine, Maher A. Bell, Douglas A. TI Discovery and verification of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory genomic regions: Current and developing technologies SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Environmental Mutagens in Human Populations CY MAY 20-24, 2007 CL Antalya, TURKEY DE polymorphism; SNPs; gene regulation; functional genomics; microsphere assay ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS; HUMAN GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-BINDING-SITES; IMAGING MEASUREMENTS; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; GOLD SURFACES; IN-VIVO; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; HYBRIDIZATION ADSORPTION AB The most common form of genetic variation, single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs, can affect the way an individual responds to the environment and modify disease risk. Although most of the millions of SNPs have little or no effect on gene regulation and protein activity, there are many circumstances where base changes can have deleterious effects. Non-synonymous SNPs that result in amino acid changes in proteins have been studied because of their obvious impact on protein activity. It is well known that SNPs within regulatory regions of the genome can result in disregulation of gene transcription. However, the impact of SNPs located in putative regulatory regions, or rSNPs, is harder to predict for two primary reasons. First, the mechanistic roles of non-coding genomic sequence remain poorly defined. Second, experimental validation of the functional consequences of rSNPs is often slow and laborious. In this review, we summarize traditional and novel methodologies for candidate rSNPs selection, in particular in silico techniques that aid in candidate rSNP selection. Additionally we will discuss molecular biological techniques that assess the impact of rSNPs on binding of regulatory machinery, as well as functional consequences on transcription. Standard techniques such as EMSA and luciferase reporter constructs are still widely used to assess effects of rSNPs on binding and gene transcription; however, these protocols are often bottlenecks in the discovery process. Therefore, we highlight novel and developing high-throughput protocols that promise to aid in shortening the process of rSNP validation. Given the large amount of genomic information generated from a multitude of re-sequencing and genome-wide SNP array efforts, future focus should be to develop validation techniques that will allow greater understanding of the impact these polymorphisms have on human health and disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chorley, Brian N.; Wang, Xuting; Campbell, Michelle R.; Pittman, Gary S.; Noureddine, Maher A.; Bell, Douglas A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Sect, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bell, DA (reprint author), C3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bell1@niehs.nih.gov OI Wang, Xuting/0000-0001-6781-8008 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES100475-06] NR 109 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 659 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.05.001 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 342VF UT WOS:000258811000018 PM 18565787 ER PT J AU Black, JA Dean, TR Foarde, K Menetrez, M AF Black, Jonathan A. Dean, Timothy R. Foarde, Karin Menetrez, Marc TI Detection of Stachybotrys chartarum using rRNA, tri5, and beta-tubulin primers and determining their relative copy number by real-time PCR SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molecular quantification; PCR primers; ribosomal copy number ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FUNGAL FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; FLUOROGENIC PROBE; GENE-CLUSTER; FUSARIUM; ASSAY; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Highly conserved regions are attractive targets for detection and quantitation by PCR, but designing species-specific primer sets can be difficult. Ultimately, almost all primer sets are designed based upon literature searches in public domain databases, such as the National Center for Biotechnology information (NCBI). Prudence suggests that the researcher needs to evaluate as many sequences as available for designing species-specific PCR primers. In this report, we aligned 11, 9, and 16 DNA sequences entered for Stachybotrys spp. rRNA, tri5, and beta-tubulin regions, respectively. Although we were able to align and determine consensus primer sets for the 9 tri5 and the 16 beta-tubulin sequences, there was no consensus sequence that could be derived from alignment of the 11 rRNA sequences. However, by judicious clustering of the sequences that aligned well, we were able to design three sets of primers for the rRNA region of S. chartarum. The two primer sets for tri5 and beta-tubulin produced satisfactory PCR results for all four strains of S. chartarum used in this study whereas only one rRNA primer set of three produced similar satisfactory results. Ultimately, we were able to show that rRNA copy number is approximately 2-log greater than for tri5 and beta-tubulin in the four strains of S. chartarum tested. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Black, Jonathan A.; Foarde, Karin] RTI Int, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dean, Timothy R.; Menetrez, Marc] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Black, JA (reprint author), RTI Int, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jab@rti.org NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 112 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.006 PN 7 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 331ZB UT WOS:000258050100008 PM 18499423 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, J Mendez, E Walls, I AF Fitzpatrick, Julie Mendez, Elizabeth Walls, Isabel TI Introduction to the ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute reports from the expert working group on neurodevelopmental endpoints SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DNT; developmental neurotoxicity testing; positive control studies; variability; statistical issues; interpretation of DNT effects ID PREVALENCE AB In 2004 the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Risk Science Institute established an expert working group to assess the lessons learned from the implementation of standardized tests for developmental neurotoxicity in experimental animals. This introduction summarizes the working group process and the four reports from the expert working group addressing: the use of positive controls, understanding variability, appropriate statistical techniques, and interpretation. The reports address the 1991 US Environmental Protection Agency standardized protocol for evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) and the 2007 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guidelines for DNT. The EPA protocol is comprised of tests for evidence of deficits in neurobehavioral function, including auditory startle habituation, motor activity, associative learning and memory, and neuropathologic examination, including simple morphometric analysis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fitzpatrick, Julie; Walls, Isabel] ILSI Res Fdn, Risk Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Mendez, Elizabeth] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, J (reprint author), ILSI Res Fdn, Risk Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jfitzpatrick@ilsi.org OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 263 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.001 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 336LY UT WOS:000258366500001 PM 18407461 ER PT J AU Crofton, KA Foss, JA Hass, U Jensen, KF Levin, ED Parker, SP AF Crofton, Kevin A. Foss, John A. Hass, Ulla Jensen, Karl F. Levin, Edward D. Parker, Sherry P. TI Undertaking positive control studies as part of developmental neurotoxicity testing - A report from the ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute expert working group on neurodevelopmental endpoints SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE developmental neurotoxicity testing; positive controls; regulatory testing ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCREENING METHODS; DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN; RADIAL-ARM MAZE; FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE; DIFFERENT GESTATIONAL DAYS; AGE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES AB Developmental neurotoxicity testing involves functional and neurohistological assessments in offspring during and following maternal and/or neonatal exposure. Data from positive control studies are an integral component in developmental neurotoxicity risk assessments. Positive control data are crucial for evaluating a laboratory's capability to detect chemical-induced changes in measured endpoints. Positive control data are also valuable in a weight-of-evidence approach to help determine the biological significance of results and provide confidence in negative results from developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) studies. This review is a practical guide for the selection and use of positive control agents in developmental neurotoxicology. The advantages and disadvantages of various positive control agents are discussed for the endpoints in developmental neurotoxicity studies. Design issues specific to positive control studies in developmental neurotoxicity are considered and recommendations on how to interpret and report positive control data are made. Positive control studies should be conducted as an integral component of the incorporation and use of developmental neurotoxicity testing methods in laboratories that generate data used in risk decisions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Crofton, Kevin A.; Jensen, Karl F.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Foss, John A.] Charles River Labs, Horsham, PA USA. [Hass, Ulla] Danish Inst Food & Vet Res, Soborg, Denmark. [Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Parker, Sherry P.] OrbusNeich Med Inc, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Crofton, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, NHEERL, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM crofton.kevin@epa.gov RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Foss, John/0000-0001-5603-8479 NR 244 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 266 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.06.002 PG 22 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 336LY UT WOS:000258366500002 PM 17681747 ER PT J AU Raffaele, KC Fisher, JE Hancock, S Hazelden, K Sobrian, SK AF Raffaele, Kathleen C. Fisher, J. Edward, Jr. Hancock, Scott Hazelden, Keith Sobrian, Sonya K. TI Determining normal variability in a developmental neurotoxicity test - A report from the ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute expert working group on neurodevelopmental endpoints SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE developmental neurotoxicity testing; DNT; variability in DNT testing; regulatory testing ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; LITTER SIZE; LONG-EVANS; WATER MAZE AB With the implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act in 1996, more detailed evaluations of possible health effects of pesticides on developing organisms have been required. As a result, considerable developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) data have been generated on a variety of endpoints, including developmental changes in motor activity, auditory startle habituation, and various learning and memory parameters. One issue in interpreting these data is the level of variability for the measures used in these studies: excessive variability can obscure treatment-related effects, or conversely, small but statistically significant changes could be viewed as treatment related, when they might in fact be within the normal range. To aid laboratories in designing useful DNT studies for regulatory consideration, an operational framework for evaluating observed variability in study data has been developed. Elements of the framework suggest how an investigator might approach characterization of variability in the dataset; identification of appropriate datasets for comparison; evaluation of similarities and differences in variability between these datasets, and of possible sources of the variability, including those related to test conduct and test design. A case study using auditory startle habituation data is then presented, employing the elements of this proposed approach. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Raffaele, Kathleen C.] US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Fisher, J. Edward, Jr.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hancock, Scott] Hlth Canada, PMRA, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Hazelden, Keith] Huntingdon Life Sci, Dept Safety Assessment, Huntingdon, NJ USA. [Sobrian, Sonya K.] Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Raffaele, KC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM raffaele.kathleen@epa.gov NR 128 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 288 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.12.009 PG 38 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 336LY UT WOS:000258366500003 PM 18280700 ER PT J AU Holson, RR Freshwater, L Maurissen, JPJ Moser, VC Phang, W AF Holson, R. Robert Freshwater, Les Maurissen, Jacques P. J. Moser, Virginia C. Phang, Whang TI Statistical issues and techniques appropriate for developmental neurotoxicity testing - A report from the ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute expert working group on neurodevelopmental endpoints SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assumptions; hypothesis generating; hypothesis testing; litter effect; multiple comparison procedures; power; repeated measures; sex effect; Type I and II errors ID MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROCEDURES; REPEATED-MEASURES DESIGNS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LINEAR-MODELS; PAIRWISE COMPARISONS; CATEGORICAL DATA; MONTE-CARLO; I ERRORS; COVARIANCE AB The data from developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) guideline studies present a number of challenges for statistical design and analysis. The importance of specifying the planned statistical analyses a priori cannot be overestimated. A review of datasets submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency revealed several inadequate approaches, including issues of Type I error control, power considerations, and ignoring gender, time, and litter allocation as factors in the analyses. Since DNT studies include numerous experimental procedures conducted on the dam and offspring at several ages, it is not unusual to have hundreds of significance tests if each was analyzed separately. Two general approaches to control experiment-wise Type I inflation are: 1) statistical/design considerations that reduce the number of p-values, including factorial designs, multivariate techniques, and repeated-measures analyses; and 2) adjustments to the a level, including newer approaches that are less conservative than, for example, Bonferroni corrections. The design of the DNT study includes testing of both sexes, and gender must be included in the statistical analysis for the determination of sex-related differences, and, indeed, including both sexes may increase power. The influence of litter must be taken into account in the allocation of test animals as well as the statistical analyses. This manuscript reviews many key considerations in the analysis of DNT studies with recommendations for statistical approaches and reporting of the data. (0 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Holson, R. Robert] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Psychol, Socorro, NM USA. [Freshwater, Les] BioSTAT Consultants, Portage, MI USA. [Maurissen, Jacques P. J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Phang, Whang] US EPA, OPPTS, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Holson, RR (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Psychol, Socorro, NM USA. EM rholson@nmt.edu NR 72 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 EI 1872-9738 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 326 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2007.06.001 PG 23 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 336LY UT WOS:000258366500004 PM 17681748 ER PT J AU Puskin, JS AF Puskin, J. S. TI Response to "Commentary: What Can Epidemiology Tell us about Risks at Low Doses?" Reply SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY; TECHA RIVER; RADIATION; COHORT; CHILDHOOD; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Puskin, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 170 IS 1 BP 140 EP 141 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 321IN UT WOS:000257298100015 ER PT J AU Vesper, SJ Wong, W Kuo, CM Pierson, DL AF Vesper, Stephen J. Wong, Wing Kuo, C. Mike Pierson, Duane L. TI Mold species in dust from the International Space Station identified and quantified by mold-specific quantitative PCR SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intenational Space Station; mold-specific quantitative PCR; Aspergillus ID MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATION; ASTRONAUTS; RESPONSES; SPACEFLIGHT/; REACTIVATION; PENICILLIUM; VIRUS; BOARD AB Dust was collected over a period of several weeks in 2007 from HEPA filters in the U.S. Laboratory Module of the International Space Station (ISS). The dust was returned on the Space Shuttle Atlantis, mixed, sieved and the DNA was extracted. Using a DNA-based method called mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR), 39 molds were measured in the dust. Potential opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and potential moderate toxin producers Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium brevicompactum were noteworthy. No cells of the potential opportunistic pathogens Asperqillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium solani or Candida albicans were detected. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Vesper, Stephen J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kuo, C. Mike] WYLE Labs Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Wong, Wing] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Pierson, Duane L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Ave,ML 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 159 IS 6 BP 432 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.06.001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 357EN UT WOS:000259829200003 PM 18602989 ER PT J AU Pestka, JJ Yike, I Dearborn, DG Ward, MDW Harkema, JR AF Pestka, James J. Yike, Iwona Dearborn, Dorr G. Ward, Marsha D. W. Harkema, Jack R. TI Stachybotrys chartarum, trichothecene mycotoxins, and damp building-related illness: New insights into a public health enigma SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE lung; respiratory system; nervous system; neurotoxicology; nose; respiratory toxicology; natural products; agents; inflammation; immunotoxicology ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RIBOTOXIC STRESS-RESPONSE; WATER-DAMAGED BUILDINGS; ACUTE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; SPORE-IMPACTED MOUSE; MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENES; STREPTOMYCES-CALIFORNICUS; VOMITOXIN DEOXYNIVALENOL; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AB Damp building-related illnesses (DBRI) include a myriad of respiratory, immunologic, and neurologic symptoms that are sometimes etiologically linked to aberrant indoor growth of the toxic black mold, Stachybotrys chartarum. Although supportive evidence for such linkages is limited, there are exciting new findings about this enigmatic organism relative to its environmental dissemination, novel bioactive components, unique cellular targets, and molecular mechanisms of action which provide insight into the S. chartarum's potential to evoke allergic sensitization, inflammation, and cytotoxicity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins, produced by one chemotype of this fungus, are potent translational inhibitors and stress kinase activators that appear to be a critical underlying cause for a number of adverse effects. Notably, these toxins form covalent protein adducts in vitro and in vivo and, furthermore, cause neurotoxicity and inflammation in the nose and brain of the mouse. A second S. chartarum chemotype has recently been shown to produce atranones-mycotoxins that can induce pulmonary inflammation. Other biologically active products of this fungus that might contribute to pathophysiologic effects include proteinases, hemolysins, beta-glucan, and spirocyclic drimanes. Solving the enigma of whether Stachybotrys inhalation indeed contributes to DBRI will require studies of the pathophysiologic effects of low dose chronic exposure to well-characterized, standardized preparations of S. chartarum spores and mycelial fragments, and, coexposures with other environmental cofactors. Such studies must be linked to improved assessments of human exposure to this fungus and its bioactive constituents in indoor air using both state-of-the-art sampling/analytical methods and relevant biomarkers. C1 [Pestka, James J.; Harkema, Jack R.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pestka, James J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pestka, James J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yike, Iwona; Dearborn, Dorr G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ward, Marsha D. W.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Harkema, Jack R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Pestka, JJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, 234 GM Trout Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Pestka@msu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03358, ES041115, ES09742, R01 ES009742] NR 196 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 4 EP 26 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm284 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 313UY UT WOS:000256766700002 PM 18007011 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Das, K Ehresman, DJ Ellefson, ME Gorman, GS Hart, JA Noker, PE Tan, YM Lieder, PH Lau, C Olsen, GW Butenhoff, JL AF Chang, Shu-Ching Das, Kaberi Ehresman, David J. Ellefson, Mark E. Gorman, Gregory S. Hart, Jill A. Noker, Patricia E. Tan, Yu-Mei Lieder, Paul H. Lau, Christopher Olsen, Geary W. Butenhoff, John L. TI Comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluorobutyrate in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans and relevance to human exposure via drinking water SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perfluorobutyrate; PFBA; pharmacokinetics; biomonitoring ID PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; OXIDATION-RELATED ENZYMES; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PERFLUORODECANOIC ACID; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; BLOOD-DONORS AB Perfluorobutyrate (PFBA) has been detected in precipitation, surface waters, water treatment effluent, and in public and private wells in Minnesota at up to low mu g/l concentrations. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of PFBA in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans to provide a rational basis for dose selection in toxicological studies and to aid in human-health-risk assessment. Studies included (1) rats-iv and oral; (2) mice-oral; (3) monkeys-iv; and (4) humans-occupationally exposed volunteers. PFBA was determined in serum (all species), liver (rats and mice), urine (rats, mice, and monkeys), and feces (rats and mice). In addition, we characterized serum PFBA concentrations in 177 individuals with potential exposure to PFBA through drinking water. Mean terminal serum PFBA elimination half-lives for males (M) and females (F), respectively, in h were (1) for rats given 30 mg/kg, 9.22 and 1.76 (oral), and 6.38 and 1.03 (iv); (2) for mice given oral doses of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg ammonium PFBA, 13.34 and 2.87 at 10 mg/kg, 16.25 and 3.08 at 30 mg/kg; and 5.22 and 2.79 at 100 mg/kg; (3) for monkeys given 10 mg/kg iv, 40.32 and 41.04; and (4) for humans, 72.16 and 87.00 (74.63 combined). Volume of distribution estimates indicated primarily extracellular distribution. Among individuals with plausible exposure via drinking water, 96% of serum PFBA concentrations were < 2 ng/ml (maximum 6 ng/ml). These findings demonstrate that PFBA is eliminated efficiently from serum with a low potential for accumulation from repeated exposure. C1 [Chang, Shu-Ching; Ehresman, David J.; Hart, Jill A.; Lieder, Paul H.; Olsen, Geary W.; Butenhoff, John L.] 3M Co, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Das, Kaberi; Lau, Christopher] US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ellefson, Mark E.] 3M Co, Environm Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Gorman, Gregory S.; Noker, Patricia E.] So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA. [Tan, Yu-Mei] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Butenhoff, JL (reprint author), 3M Co, Dept Med, 3M Ctr 220-06-W-08, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM jlbutenhoff@mmm.com NR 33 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 40 EP 53 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn057 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 313UY UT WOS:000256766700004 PM 18353799 ER PT J AU Gargas, ML Sweeney, LM Himmelstein, MW Pottenger, LH Bus, JS Holder, JW AF Gargas, Michael L. Sweeney, Lisa M. Himmelstein, Matthew W. Pottenger, Lynn H. Bus, James S. Holder, James W. TI Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of chloroethane disposition in mice, rats, and women SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; PBPK model; chloroethane; P450; GST; glutathione ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; METHYL-CHLORIDE; ETHYL CHLORIDE; ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; SEX-HORMONES; B6C3F1 MICE; F344 RATS; CANCER; STRESS AB Chloroethane was observed in a chronic cancer bioassay to be a mouse-specific uterine carcinogen at a single high inhaled concentration (15,000 ppm). Although high incidence occurred in the female mouse (86%), no uterine tumor increases were observed in female rats. Chloroethane is a weak alkylating agent and has low acute toxicity. No genotoxicity potential has been observed below 40,000 ppm. Chloroethane is eliminated from the body by pulmonary exhalation and metabolically by oxidation via cytochrome P-450 (likely producing acetaldehyde) and conjugation with glutathione (GSH). The mode of action for the mouse-specific uterine tumors is not definitively known and could involve parent chemical and/or metabolite(s). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for chloroethane disposition in the rat was developed previously, but no such models have been described for mice or humans. For the work reported here, the existing PBPK model for chloroethane in rats was expanded and refined, and PBPK models for chloroethane disposition in mice and humans were developed to allow species comparisons of internal dosimetry and for possible insights into the carcinogenic mode of action. The amounts metabolized via glutathione-S-transferase (GST) versus cytochrome P-450, and the total amount of chloroethane absorbed, were most consistent with the observations made concerning uterine tumors, with amounts metabolized via GST providing the larger quantitative difference between the two rodent species. Choice of the most relevant dose metric for risk assessments involving uterine tumors in mice will require pharmacodynamic considerations in the mode of action in addition to the pharmacokinetic differences reported here. C1 [Gargas, Michael L.; Sweeney, Lisa M.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Himmelstein, Matthew W.] DuPont Haskell Lab, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Pottenger, Lynn H.; Bus, James S.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Holder, James W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Gargas, ML (reprint author), 2661 Commons Blvd,Suite 239, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM MLG@thesapphiregroup.com RI Sweeney, Lisa/K-5114-2012 OI Sweeney, Lisa/0000-0002-4672-7358 NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn064 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 313UY UT WOS:000256766700005 PM 18385209 ER PT J AU Goldman, JM Murr, AS Buckalew, AR Cooper, RL AF Goldman, Jerome M. Murr, Ashley S. Buckalew, Angela R. Cooper, Ralph L. TI Suppression of the steroid-primed luteinizing hormone surge in the female rat by sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: Relationship to hypothalamic catecholamines and GnRH neuronal activation SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; luteinizing hormone; norepinephrine; c-fos ID DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; EXPRESS FOS PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOCUS-COERULEUS; PREOPTIC AREA; LH SURGE; OVULATION; BRAIN; SECRETION AB In female rodents, hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) has a role in stimulating the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that triggers the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). NE synthesis from dopamine (DA) is catalyzed by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) which contains a copper cofactor. Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC) is a pesticide with metal chelating properties that has been found to reduce D beta H activity. The resultant decrease in NE causes a suppression of both the LH surge and ovulation. The present study examined the dose-related impact of DMDC on hypothalamic GnRH neuronal activation indicated by the nuclear presence of the early gene product c-fos. It represents an essential link between effects on NE and suppression of the surge. Ovariectomized (OVX), estradiol-, and progesterone-primed Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single ip injection of 0, 3.6, 7.1, 14.2, or 28.4 mg/kg DMDC in separate groups of females to assess tissue GnRH/c-fos immunostaining, hypothalamic catecholamines, and serial blood samplings for LH. A dose-related decline in hypothalamic NE and increase in DA at 2 h after DMDC administration were consistent with a decrease in c-fos-positive GnRH neurons, with an almost complete absence of c-fos at the two highest doses. The effects correlated well with a suppression of the surge, although the percentage decrease in c-fos neurons at 7.1 mg/kg only attenuated the surge peak, not the overall amount of circulating LH. The present data offer further evidence that the impact of DMDC on the LH surge is central in origin and in doing so defines the toxic pathway for this effect on ovulation. C1 [Goldman, Jerome M.; Murr, Ashley S.; Buckalew, Angela R.; Cooper, Ralph L.] US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Goldman, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div,Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM goldman.jerome@epa.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn074 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 313UY UT WOS:000256766700010 PM 18397915 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Blake, LS Brodin, JD Cavallin, JE Durhan, EJ Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Makynen, EA Martinovic, D Mueller, ND Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Blake, Lindsey S. Brodin, Jeffrey D. Cavallin, Jenna E. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Martinovic, Dalma Mueller, Nathaniel D. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Effects of a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, trilostane, on the fathead minnow reproductive axis SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fish; steroidogenesis; reproduction; gene expression; endocrine disruption ID PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; IN-VITRO; OOCYTE MATURATION; MESSENGER-RNA; ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE; STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; STRIPED BASS; STEROIDOGENESIS; EXPRESSION AB A number of environmental contaminants and plant flavonoid compounds have been shown to inhibit the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta(5)-Delta(4) isomerase (3 beta-HSD). Because 3 beta-HSD plays a critical role in steroid hormone synthesis, inhibition of 3 beta-HSD represents a potentially important mode of endocrine disruption that may cause reproductive dysfunction in fish or other vertebrates. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to the model 3 beta-HSD inhibitor, trilostane, would adversely affect reproductive success of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Results of in vitro experiments with fathead minnow ovary tissue demonstrated that trilostane inhibited 17 beta-estradiol (E2) production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and that the effect was eliminated by providing a substrate (progesterone) that does not require 3 beta-HSD activity for conversion to E2. Exposure of fish to trilostane caused a significant reduction in spawning frequency and reduced cumulative egg production over the course of the 21-day test. In females, exposure to 1500 mu g trilostane/l reduced plasma vitellogenin concentrations, but did not cause significant histological alterations. In males, average trilostane concentrations as low as 50 mu g/l significantly increased testis mass and gonadal somatic index. Trilostane exposure did not influence the abundance of mRNA transcripts coding for 3 beta-HSD or other steroidogenesis-regulating proteins in males or females. As a whole, results of this study support the hypothesis that 3 beta-HSD inhibition can cause reproductive dysfunction in fish, but did not yield a clear profile of responses at multiple levels of biological organization that could be used to diagnose this mode of action. C1 [Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Blake, Lindsey S.; Brodin, Jeffrey D.; Cavallin, Jenna E.; Durhan, Elizabeth J.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Makynen, Elizabeth A.; Martinovic, Dalma; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 61 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn073 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 313UY UT WOS:000256766700011 PM 18397916 ER PT J AU Levine, AD Harwood, VJ Farrah, SR Scott, TM Rose, JB AF Levine, Audrey D. Harwood, Valerie J. Farrah, Samuel R. Scott, Troy M. Rose, Joan B. TI Pathogen and Indicator Organism Reduction Through Secondary Effluent Filtration: Implications for Reclaimed Water Production SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reclaimed water; pathogens; wastewater filtration; prechlorination ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; DEEP BED FILTRATION; WASTE-WATER; POROUS-MEDIA; CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; DEPTH FILTRATION; GRANULAR MEDIA; REMOVAL; FILTER AB The reduction of pathogens and indicator organisms through secondary effluent filtration was investigated at six full-scale treatment facilities, ranging in capacity from 0.04 to 1 m(3)/s (1 to 25 mgd). Grab samples were assayed for pathogens (cultivable enteric viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium) and indicator organisms (coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and coliphages) quarterly under peak flow conditions from each facility over the course of 1 calendar year. Log(10) removals resulting from filtration averaged 0.3 to 0.8 log(10) for cultivable enteric viruses, 0.4 to 1.5 log(10) for protozoan parasites, 0.01 to 3.7 log(10) for indicator bacteria, and 0.3 to 1.1 log(10) for coliphages. In addition to filter design (cloth, monomedium shallow- or deep-bed, or dual-media filters), differences in reduction of pathogens and indicators could be attributed to the combined effects of hydraulic loading rates, chemical addition practices, backwashing and postbackwashing operating strategies, and the effectiveness of upstream biological treatment and sedimentation. Water Environ. Res., 80, 596 (2008). C1 [Levine, Audrey D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Harwood, Valerie J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Farrah, Samuel R.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Scott, Troy M.] BCS Labs Inc, Miami, FL USA. [Rose, Joan B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Levine, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW 8101R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Levine.Audrey@epa.gov FU Water Environment Research Foundation (Alexandria, Virginia) [00-PUM2T] FX This study was funded by the Water Environment Research Foundation (Alexandria, Virginia) as project 00-PUM2T. Personnel from wastewater reclamation facilities in Phoenix, Arizona; Santa Barbara, California; and Eustis, St. Petersburg, and Hillsborough County, Florida assisted with sample collection and data compilation. Vasanta Chivulaka, Molly McLaughlin, Stefica Depovic, and Angela Gennaccaro conducted microbiological testing for the project. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 80 IS 7 BP 596 EP 608 DI 10.2175/106143008X266742 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 375QG UT WOS:000261127800003 PM 18710143 ER PT J AU Pinder, RW Gilliland, AB Dennis, RL AF Pinder, R. W. Gilliland, A. B. Dennis, R. L. TI Environmental impact of atmospheric NH3 emissions under present and future conditions in the eastern United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AMMONIA AB Recent regulations require large-scale emission reductions of NOx and SO2 in the eastern United States. These emission changes will alter the partitioning of ammonia between the gas and particle phases. Furthermore, ammonia emissions are expected to increase in the future. How will these changes impact the contribution of ammonia to inorganic particulate matter and nitrogen deposition? We use a chemical transport model and emission scenarios representing years 2001, 2010, and 2020 to estimate the future change of the sensitivity of iPM(2.5) to ammonia emission reductions and change in nitrogen deposition to ecosystems. We find that during winter conditions, particulate matter concentrations in several locations in the Midwestern US continue to have significant sensitivity to NH3 emissions. In addition, the total nitrogen deposition near NH3 emission sources increases 10-40%. C1 [Pinder, R. W.; Gilliland, A. B.; Dennis, R. L.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pinder, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pinder.rob@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12808 DI 10.1029/2008GL033732 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 321ME UT WOS:000257308500002 ER PT J AU Hutzell, WT Luecken, DJ AF Hutzell, William T. Luecken, Deborah J. TI Fate and transport of emissions for several trace metals over the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE toxic metals; particulate matter; model; air pollution ID COAST AIR BASIN; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; RELEASE INVENTORY; MODEL DESCRIPTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CMAQ MODEL; PART I; PARTICLES; ULTRAFINE AB A regional model for atmospheric photochemistry and particulate matter is used to predict the fate and transport of five trace metals: lead, manganese, total chromium, nickel, and cadmium over the continental United States during January and July 2001. Predicted concentrations of the metals are compared to observations. Lead predictions have the lowest mean differences with observations and the highest correlation coefficients. They best agree with observations made in January over residential and commercial areas in the eastern United States and worst with observations over remote forests and deserts located in the western United States during July. Manganese predictions show similar abilities to reproduce observations but had larger changes between months. Chromium and nickel predictions show diminishing ability to reproduce observations over both urban and rural areas. Cadmium predictions show the least ability to reproduce observations. Potential causes are examined for the errors in predictions. For errors in lead, manganese and perhaps chromium predictions, aerial suspension and biomass burning are suspected because simulations did not include emissions from these sources. Nickel, cadmium and, to a lower extent, chromium predictions suffer from errors in the emissions that represent current anthropogenic activities. Predicted concentrations of all metals show errors from not including sub-grid processes in meteorological and emission rates. Examples include sea breeze circulation along coastal areas and individual sources in urban areas. These errors reduce the ability to reproduce the time dependence of observations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hutzell, William T.; Luecken, Deborah J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hutzell, WT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutzell.bill@epa.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 396 IS 2-3 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.020 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 313OC UT WOS:000256748900007 PM 18394683 ER PT J AU Hemmer, MJ Cripe, GM Hemmer, BL Goodman, LR Salinas, KA Fournie, JW Walker, CC AF Hemmer, Michael J. Cripe, Geraldine M. Hemmer, Becky L. Goodman, Larry R. Salinas, Kimberly A. Fournie, John W. Walker, Calvin C. TI Comparison of estrogen-responsive plasma protein biomarkers and reproductive endpoints in sheepshead minnows exposed to 17 beta-trenbolone SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein profiling; MALDI; androgen; trenbolone; fish; biomarker ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; FATHEAD MINNOW; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; IN-VIVO; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Protein profiling can be used for detection of biomarkers that can be applied diagnostically to screen chemicals for endocrine modifying activity. In previous studies, mass spectral analysis revealed four peptides (2950.5, 2972.5, 3003.4, 3025.5 m/z) in the plasma of estrogen agonist-treated male and gravid female sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus, SHM), which served as distinct estrogenic biomarkers. In this study, a 21-day reproductive assay with adult SHM was conducted to investigate possible dose-related effects of the synthetic androgen, 17 beta-trenbolone, on expression of these four estrogen-responsive peptides. In addition, the response of the peptide biomarkers were compared to traditional reproductive endpoints of fecundity, histopathology, secondary sex characteristics, length, weight, hepatosomatic index, female gonadosomatic index and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels. Fish were continuously exposed to 0.005, 0.05, and 5.0 mu g/l, a solvent control (triethylene glycol, TEG), and a seawater control (SW) using an intermittent flow-through dosing system. Plasma was analyzed for the presence of the four peptide biomarkers by MALDI-TOF MS and VTG protein by quantitative ELISA. Male fish from the trenbolone treatments and controls showed no expression of the four peptide biomarkers or measurable levels of VTG. The estrogen-responsive biomarkers and plasma VTG were constitutively expressed in females from the SW, TEG, 0.005 and 0.05 mu g/l exposures. All four peptide biomarkers were significantly reduced (p < 0.0002 to p < 0.005) at the 5.0 mu g/l treatment level which corresponded with significant reductions in fecundity and changes in ovarian morphology. A distinct but non-significant reduction in VTG was also observed in female fish from the 5.0 mu g/l treatment. Results of this study suggest application of these estrogen-responsive protein biomarkers may be a cost effective alternative to fecundity measures which are labor intensive and expensive to conduct. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hemmer, Michael J.; Cripe, Geraldine M.; Hemmer, Becky L.; Goodman, Larry R.; Salinas, Kimberly A.; Fournie, John W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Walker, Calvin C.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Hemmer, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM hemmer.michael@epa.gov NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 322JB UT WOS:000257369900005 PM 18495259 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS Saski, CA Cuthbertson, BJ Henry, DC Staton, ME Main, DS Dhanaraj, AL Rowland, LJ Tomkins, JP AF Lewers, Kim S. Saski, Chris A. Cuthbertson, Brandon J. Henry, David C. Staton, Meg E. Main, Dorrie S. Dhanaraj, Anik L. Rowland, Lisa J. Tomkins, Jeff P. TI A blackberry (Rubus L.) expressed sequence tag library for the development of simple sequence repeat markers SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; SSR MARKERS; RASPBERRY; MODEL; CONSTRUCTION; PREDICTION; STRAWBERRY; RESOURCE; DATABASE; ERECT AB Background: The recent development of novel repeat-fruiting types of blackberry (Rubus L.) cultivars, combined with a long history of morphological marker-assisted selection for thornlessness by blackberry breeders, has given rise to increased interest in using molecular markers to facilitate blackberry breeding. Yet no genetic maps, molecular markers, or even sequences exist specifically for cultivated blackberry. The purpose of this study is to begin development of these tools by generating and annotating the first blackberry expressed sequence tag (EST) library, designing primers from the ESTs to amplify regions containing simple sequence repeats (SSR), and testing the usefulness of a subset of the EST-SSRs with two blackberry cultivars. Results: A cDNA library of 18,432 clones was generated from expanding leaf tissue of the cultivar Merton Thornless, a progenitor of many thornless commercial cultivars. Among the most abundantly expressed of the 3,000 genes annotated were those involved with energy, cell structure, and defense. From individual sequences containing SSRs, 673 primer pairs were designed. Of a randomly chosen set of 33 primer pairs tested with two blackberry cultivars, 10 detected an average of 1.9 polymorphic PCR products. Conclusion: This rate predicts that this library may yield as many as 940 SSR primer pairs detecting 1,786 polymorphisms. This may be sufficient to generate a genetic map that can be used to associate molecular markers with phenotypic traits, making possible molecular marker-assisted breeding to compliment existing morphological marker-assisted breeding in blackberry. C1 [Lewers, Kim S.; Dhanaraj, Anik L.; Rowland, Lisa J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Saski, Chris A.; Cuthbertson, Brandon J.; Henry, David C.; Staton, Meg E.; Main, Dorrie S.; Tomkins, Jeff P.] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Cuthbertson, Brandon J.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Signal Transduct, Peptide Hormone Act Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Main, Dorrie S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dhanaraj, Anik L.] Monsanto Res Ctr, Bangalore 560092, Karnataka, India. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kim.lewers@ars.usda.gov; saski@clemson.edu; brandoncuthbertson@gmail.com; henry5@clemson.edu; mestato@clemson.edu; dorrie@wsu.edu; aldhana@monsanto.com; jeannie.rowland@ars.usda.gov; jeff@genome.clemson.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 69 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-69 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 336PK UT WOS:000258376900002 PM 18570660 ER PT J AU Huang, L Heinloth, AN Zeng, ZB Paules, RS Bushel, PR AF Huang, Lingkang Heinloth, Alexandra N. Zeng, Zhao-Bang Paules, Richard S. Bushel, Pierre R. TI Genes related to apoptosis predict necrosis of the liver as a phenotype observed in rats exposed to a compendium of hepatotoxicants SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-ALPHA; MICROARRAY DATA; EXPRESSION DATA; IN-VIVO; INJURY; DEATH; CELLS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; VISUALIZATION; MODEL AB Background: Some of the biochemical events that lead to necrosis of the liver are well-known. However, the pathogenesis of necrosis of the liver from exposure to hepatotoxicants is a complex biological response to the injury. We hypothesize that gene expression profiles can serve as a signature to predict the level of necrosis elicited by acute exposure of rats to a variety of hepatotoxicants and postulate that the expression profiles of the predictor genes in the signature can provide insight to some of the biological processes and molecular pathways that may be involved in the manifestation of necrosis of the rat liver. Results: Rats were treated individually with one of seven known hepatotoxicants and were analyzed for gene expression by microarray. Liver samples were grouped by the level of necrosis exhibited in the tissue. Analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes between adjacent necrosis levels revealed that inflammation follows programmed cell death in response to the agents. Using a Random Forest classifier with feature selection, 21 informative genes were identified which achieved 90%, 80% and 60% prediction accuracies of necrosis against independent test data derived from the livers of rats exposed to acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, and allyl alcohol, respectively. Pathway and gene network analyses of the genes in the signature revealed several gene interactions suggestive of apoptosis as a process possibly involved in the manifestation of necrosis of the liver from exposure to the hepatotoxicants. Cytotoxic effects of TNF-alpha, as well as transcriptional regulation by JUN and TP53, and apoptosis-related genes possibly lead to necrosis. Conclusion: The data analysis, gene selection and prediction approaches permitted grouping of the classes of rat liver samples exhibiting necrosis to improve the accuracy of predicting the level of necrosis as a phenotypic end-point observed from the exposure. The strategy, along with pathway analysis and gene network reconstruction, led to the identification of 1) expression profiles of genes as a signature of necrosis and 2) perturbed regulatory processes that exhibited biological relevance to the manifestation of necrosis from exposure of rat livers to the compendium of hepatotoxicants. C1 [Huang, Lingkang; Bushel, Pierre R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Heinloth, Alexandra N.; Paules, Richard S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Stress & Canc Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Paules, Richard S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Microarray Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Huang, Lingkang; Zeng, Zhao-Bang] N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Program, Raleigh, NC USA. [Huang, Lingkang] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bushel, PR (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM lingkang.huang@gmail.com; heinloth@gmail.com; zeng@stat.ncsu.edu; paules@niehs.nih.gov; bushel@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 35 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 288 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-288 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 329MR UT WOS:000257872200001 PM 18558008 ER PT J AU Richardson, SD AF Richardson, Susan D. TI Environmental mass spectrometry: Emerging contaminants and current issues SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; POLYFLUORINATED ALKYL SUBSTANCES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Richardson, SD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 235 TC 143 Z9 153 U1 4 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4373 EP 4402 DI 10.1021/ac800660d PG 30 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 313TR UT WOS:000256763400009 PM 18498180 ER PT J AU Schock, MR Hyland, RN Welch, MM AF Schock, Michael R. Hyland, Robert N. Welch, Meghan M. TI Occurrence of contaminant accumulation in lead pipe scales from domestic drinking-water distribution systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITS AB Previously, contaminants, such as Al, As, and Ra, have been shown to accumulate in drinking-water distribution system solids. Accumulated contaminants could be periodically released back into the water supply causing elevated levels at consumers' taps, going undetected by most current regulatory monitoring practices and consequently constituting a hidden risk. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of over 40 major scale constituents, regulated metals, and other potential metallic inorganic contaminants in drinking-water distribution system Pb (lead) or Pb-lined service lines. The primary method of analysis was inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, following complete decomposition of scale material. Contaminants and scale constituents were categorized by their average concentrations, and many metals of potential health concern were found to occur at levels sufficient to result in elevated levels at the consumers taps if they were to be mobilized. The data indicate distinctly nonconservative behavior for many inorganic contaminants in. drinking-water distribution systems. This finding suggests an imminent need for further research into the transport and fate of contaminants throughout drinking-water distribution system pipes, as well as a re-evaluation of monitoring protocols in order to more accurately determine the scope and levels of potential consumer exposure. C1 [Schock, Michael R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hyland, Robert N.; Welch, Meghan M.] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Schock, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM schock.michael@epa.gov NR 26 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 12 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 4285 EP 4291 DI 10.1021/es702488v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 312XL UT WOS:000256705600012 PM 18613340 ER PT J AU Gowdy, K Krantz, QT Daniels, M Linak, WP Jaspers, I Gilmour, MI AF Gowdy, Kymberly Krantz, Quentin T. Daniels, Mary Linak, William P. Jaspers, Ilona Gilmour, M. Ian TI Modulation of pulmonary inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defenses in mice exposed to diesel exhaust SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; inflammation; lung; surfactant proteins; clara cell; mice ID SURFACTANT PROTEIN-A; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE TARGETED MICE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; ENGINE EMISSIONS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INFLUENZA INFECTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; DEFICIENT MICE AB Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major component of urban air pollution and has been shown to increase the severity of infectious and allergic lung disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DE exposure on pulmonary inflammation, mediator production and antimicrobial defenses in an exposure model that had previously been shown to increase susceptibility to influenza. BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air, or to DE diluted to yield 0.5 or 2 mg/m(3) of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) for 4 h per day for I or 5 days. Immediately and 18 h after one or five diesel exposures mice were euthanized to assess both immediate and delayed effects. DE exposure for 5 days at either concentration caused higher neutrophil numbers and lesion scoring compared to air controls. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which recruits inflammatory cells and is an entry site for rhinoviruses was increased immediately after I or 5 days of DE exposure. Several inflammatory and immune cytokines (TNF-alpha, MIP-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-13) were also upregulated at various time points and concentrations. In contrast, clara cell secretory protein (CCSP), surfactant protein A (SP-A), and surfactant protein D (SP-D) which are important host defense molecules, were significantly decreased at both the message and protein level with DE exposure. We conclude that exposure to moderate and high occupational levels of DE caused an increase in lung injury and inflammation, and a decrease in host defense molecules, which could result in increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Krantz, Quentin T.; Daniels, Mary; Gilmour, M. Ian] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Linak, William P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gowdy, Kymberly] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jaspers, Ilona] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Gilmour, MI (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Immunotoxicol Branch, Mail Drop B143-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilmour.ian@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES013611] NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 229 IS 3 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.040 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 312QW UT WOS:000256686900006 PM 18343473 ER PT J AU Boedigheimer, MJ Wolfinger, RD Bass, MB Bushel, PR Chou, JW Cooper, M Corton, JC Fostel, J Hester, S Lee, JS Liu, FL Liu, J Qian, HR Quackenbush, J Pettit, S Thompson, KL AF Boedigheimer, Michael J. Wolfinger, Russell D. Bass, Michael B. Bushel, Pierre R. Chou, Jeff W. Cooper, Matthew Corton, J. Christopher Fostel, Jennifer Hester, Susan Lee, Janice S. Liu, Fenglong Liu, Jie Qian, Hui-Rong Quackenbush, John Pettit, Syril Thompson, Karol L. TI Sources of variation in baseline gene expression levels from toxicogenomics study control animals across multiple laboratories SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER; KIDNEY; TRANSCRIPTOME; PROFILES; PATTERNS; ARRAYS; BLOOD; MODEL AB Background: The use of gene expression profiling in both clinical and laboratory settings would be enhanced by better characterization of variance due to individual, environmental, and technical factors. Meta-analysis of microarray data from untreated or vehicle-treated animals within the control arm of toxicogenomics studies could yield useful information on baseline fluctuations in gene expression, although control animal data has not been available on a scale and in a form best served for data-mining. Results: A dataset of control animal microarray expression data was assembled by a working group of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Technical Committee on the Application of Genomics in Mechanism Based Risk Assessment in order to provide a public resource for assessments of variability in baseline gene expression. Data from over 500 Affymetrix microarrays from control rat liver and kidney were collected from 16 different institutions. Thirty-five biological and technical factors were obtained for each animal, describing a wide range of study characteristics, and a subset were evaluated in detail for their contribution to total variability using multivariate statistical and graphical techniques. Conclusion: The study factors that emerged as key sources of variability included gender, organ section, strain, and fasting state. These and other study factors were identified as key descriptors that should be included in the minimal information about a toxicogenomics study needed for interpretation of results by an independent source. Genes that are the most and least variable, gender-selective, or altered by fasting were also identified and functionally categorized. Better characterization of gene expression variability in control animals will aid in the design of toxicogenomics studies and in the interpretation of their results. C1 [Thompson, Karol L.] US FDA, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Boedigheimer, Michael J.; Bass, Michael B.] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Wolfinger, Russell D.] SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Bushel, Pierre R.; Chou, Jeff W.; Fostel, Jennifer] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cooper, Matthew] Roche Palo Alto LLC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Corton, J. Christopher; Hester, Susan; Lee, Janice S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Liu, Fenglong; Quackenbush, John] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Liu, Jie] NIEHS, NCI, ICS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Qian, Hui-Rong] Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Quackenbush, John] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Pettit, Syril] ILSI HESI, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Thompson, KL (reprint author), US FDA, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM mboedigh@amgen.com; Russ.Wolfinger@jmp.com; mbass@amgen.com; bushel@niehs.nih.gov; chou@niehs.nih.gov; matthew.cooper.mc1@roche.com; Corton.Chris@epamail.epa.gov; fostel@niehs.nih.gov; hester.susan@epa.gov; lee.janices@epa.gov; fliu@jimmy.harvard.edu; liu6@niehs.nih.gov; QIAN_HUI-RONG@LILLY.COM; johnq@jimmy.harvard.edu; spettit@ilsi.org; karol.thompson@fda.hhs.gov NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 285 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-285 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 327PR UT WOS:000257741500001 PM 18549499 ER PT J AU Choi, H Al-Abed, SR Agarwal, S Dionysiou, DD AF Choi, Hyeok Al-Abed, Souhail R. Agarwal, Shirish Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI Synthesis of reactive nano-Fe/Pd bimetallic system-impregnated activated carbon for the simultaneous adsorption and dechlorination of PCBs SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE IRON PARTICLES; FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FE CATALYSTS; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; WATER; HYDRODECHLORINATION; CONTAMINANTS; DEGRADATION AB Synthesis and use of reactive metal particles have shown significant environmental implications for the remediation of groundwater and sediment contaminated with chlorinated compounds. Herein, we have developed an effective strategy, employing a series of innovative granular activated carbon (GAC) composites incorporated with iron/palladium (Fe/Pd) bimetallic nanoparticles. The physical adsorption of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to GAC and their electrochemical dechlorination by Fe/Pd bimetal on the GAC could be simultaneously achieved. The novel synthesis approaches and targets to achieve in this study are (i) introduction of mesoporous GAC for Fe/Pd bimetal placement, (ii) in situ formation and incorporation of Fe particles in the GAC pores, (iii) modification of Fe surface with a discontinuous layer of noble metal Pd, and (iv) nanoscaling of Fe and Pd particles. Fe was imbedded in 7-40 nm mesoporous GAC via an incipient wetness impregnation method employing Fe(NO3)(3). Heat-treated GAC/Fe (as Fe2O3) at 300 degrees C was reduced to GAC/zerovalent iron (ZVI) using NaBH4 solution, and,then Pd was reductively deposited to the ZVI surface from Pd(CH3CO2)(2). The resulting GAC/ZVI/Pd had high surface area of 358 m(2)/g and pore volume of 0.352 cm(3)/g for PCBs adsorption and 14.4% Fe and 0.68% Pd contents for PCBs dechlorination. The confinement of Fe crystal growth in the mesopores of GAC resulted in small 6-12 nm Fe nanoparticles on which 2-3 nm Pd nanoislands were well-distributed. Fe and Pd particles were mechanically stable (negligible leaching) due to a strong Fe-GAC metal-support interaction during calcination and Fe-Pd corrosion cell formation during Pd deposition. The GAC/ZVI/Pd system exhibited an efficient dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-C1BP) at 90% after 2 days and complete adsorption of 2-C1BP remaining, and the dechlorination product, biphenyl, formed. C1 [Choi, Hyeok; Al-Abed, Souhail R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Agarwal, Shirish; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov NR 26 TC 125 Z9 136 U1 16 U2 186 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 11 BP 3649 EP 3655 DI 10.1021/cm8003613 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 309EQ UT WOS:000256443900019 ER PT J AU McGarvey, DJ Hughes, RM AF McGarvey, Daniel John Hughes, Robert M. TI Longitudinal zonation of Pacific Northwest (USA) fish assemblages and the species-discharge relationship SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; STREAM FISHES; AREA RELATIONSHIPS; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; RIVER; OREGON; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY AB Fish ecologists often use species-discharge relationships (SDRs) to understand how species richness varies with aquatic habitat availability, but few SDR studies have considered whether the reported SDRs are scale-dependent, or attributed the SDR to a specific causal mechanism. Here, we assessed whether the SDR is scale-dependent by using individual river reaches, rather than complete river basins, as sampling units in a SDR analysis. We also determined whether the SDR is a function of among-reach habitat diversity. To do so, we first tested for longitudinal zonation along three major Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.) rivers. Our zonation tests consistently detected 'lower,' 'middle,' and 'upper' river fish assemblages, each of which was characterized by common patterns in adult habitat use, feeding guild structure, and reproductive behavior, and was associated with predictable habitat conditions. When these longitudinal zones were used as sampling units in a SDR analysis (i.e., total discharge and species richness within each zone), we detected strong linear relationships between discharge and species richness (log(10) data). Because individual zones predicted species richness more effectively than complete basins, we conclude that the SDR is scale-dependent. And we infer that among-zone habitat shifts are an important determinant of the SDR, as the slope of the SDR is a function of the differential richness found in each zone. C1 [McGarvey, Daniel John] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP McGarvey, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mcgar002@gmail.com; Hughes.Bob@epamail.epa.gov RI McGarvey, Daniel/A-7725-2009 NR 63 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 4 PY 2008 IS 2 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1643/CE-07-020 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 311DD UT WOS:000256579500008 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ Neely, DA Harris, PM Mayden, RL AF Blum, Michael J. Neely, David A. Harris, Phillip M. Mayden, Richard L. TI Molecular systematics of the cyprinid genus Campostoma (Actinopterygii : Cypriniformes): Disassociation between morphological and mitrochondrial differentiation SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID ANOMALUM-PULLUM CYPRINIFORMES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OLIGOLEPIS; STONEROLLER; SPECIATION; PARSIMONY AB Campostoma are ubiquitous across North America, yet relationships among members of the genus are poorly understood. Here we present phylogenetic hypotheses based on analyses of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. All analyses consistently recovered nine clades of comparable topological structure. Differentiation of the recovered clades did not follow currently accepted taxonomic boundaries, and was not consistent with previously hypothesized relationships among recognized species and subspecies. Rather, the recovered clades corresponded to broad geographic divides and to areas known either to have high rates of endemism or to represent discrete biogeographic provinces, indicating that clades not corresponding to recognized taxa represent additional diversity within the group. This result provides evidence of morphological similarity among genealogically divergent lineages, and supports several disputed descriptions of putative Campostoma taxa based on subtle variation in morphology. At least nine lineages could be recognized as distinct taxa to provisionally resolve differences among prior systematic accounts of Campostoma evolutionary diversity. C1 [Blum, Michael J.] US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Neely, David A.; Mayden, Richard L.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Harris, Phillip M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mjblum@tulane.edu NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 4 PY 2008 IS 2 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1643/CI-06-093 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 311DD UT WOS:000256579500013 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Miller, DH Jensen, KM Villeneuve, DL Martinovic, D AF Ankley, Gerald T. Miller, David H. Jensen, Kathleen M. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Martinovic, Dalma TI Relationship of plasma sex steroid concentrations in female fathead minnows to reproductive success and population status SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; endocrine disruption; reproduction; population; steroids; vitellogenin ID KRAFT PULP-MILL; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; WHITE SUCKER; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; WASTE STREAM AB Concentration and/or production of sex steroids such as 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in fish have commonly been measured in field studies concerned with endocrine-active chemicals. There is a reasonable mechanistic basis for using E2 or T as biomarkers, as chemicals can alter steroid production through both direct and indirect effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. There is uncertainty, however, as to what changes in steroid status may mean relative to apical endpoints, such as reproduction, that directly affect population status. In this study, we analyzed data from fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction studies in which decreases in fecundity were associated with depressed steroid production as a result of chemical exposure. Although the chemicals acted on the HPG axis through different mechanisms, reproductive effects appeared to be expressed through a common pathway, depression of vitellogenin production in females. Plasma concentrations of E2 or T in the females were significantly, positively correlated with fecundity. Linear regression models describing the relationship between E2 or T concentrations and relative fecundity were linked to a population model to predict population trajectories of fathead minnows exposed to chemicals that inhibit steroid production. For example, a population existing at carrying capacity and exposed to a chemical stressor(s) that causes a 50% decrease in E2 production was predicted to exhibit a 92% decrease in population size over a 5-year period. Results of our analysis illustrate a conceptual framework whereby a commonly measured biomarker, sex steroid status, could be linked to individual- and population-level effects in fish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.; Jensen, Kathleen M.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Martinovic, Dalma] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Miller, David H.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 NR 30 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.005 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 317FP UT WOS:000257005700009 PM 18433896 ER PT J AU Thurston, HW Taylor, MA Roy, A Morrison, M Shuster, WD Templeton, J Clagett, M Cabezas, H AF Thurston, Hale W. Taylor, Michael A. Roy, Allison Morrison, Matthew Shuster, William D. Templeton, Joshua Clagett, Matthew Cabezas, Heriberto TI Applying a reverse auction to reduce stormwater runoff SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thurston, Hale W.; Roy, Allison; Morrison, Matthew; Shuster, William D.; Clagett, Matthew; Cabezas, Heriberto] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Taylor, Michael A.] Seton Hall Univ, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Templeton, Joshua] US Dept Transportat, Volpe Natl Transportat Syst Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Thurston, HW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM thurston.hale@epa.gov; taylormi@shu.edu; roy.allison@epa.gov; morrison.matthew@epa.gov; shuster.william@epa.gov; mpclaggett@hotmail.com; cabezas.heriberto@epa.gor NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 326 EP 327 DI 10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[326:AARATR]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 326DE UT WOS:000257637400016 PM 18686516 ER PT J AU Fang, F Kamel, F Sandler, DP Sparen, P Ye, WM AF Fang, Fang Kamel, Freya Sandler, Dale P. Sparen, Par Ye, Weimin TI Maternal age, exposure to siblings, and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; maternal age; risk; siblings ID MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; OUTCOMES; SWEDEN AB Between 1987 and 2005, the authors conducted a nested case-control study based on the Swedish Multi-Generation Register to investigate whether early life exposures, namely, maternal age at delivery and exposure to siblings, are associated with an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study comprised 768 ALS cases and five controls per case matched by birth year and gender. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for ALS were estimated by conditional logistic regression modeling. Low maternal age (<= 20 years) and high maternal age (>= 41 years) were both associated with higher risk of ALS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.0 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.4, respectively). The relative risk of ALS increased slightly with increasing number of younger siblings (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.1; p = 0.02). Children whose first younger sibling was born after the age of 6 years had the greatest relative risk (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7). Exposure to older siblings was not associated with the risk of ALS. Although the strength of the observed associations was modest, these results provided further support for the theory that early life exposures might contribute to the disease pathogenesis. C1 [Fang, Fang; Sparen, Par; Ye, Weimin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kamel, Freya] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, US Dept HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Fang, F (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Box 281, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM fang.fang@ki.se RI Ye, Weimin/A-5939-2008; OI Fang, Fang/0000-0002-3310-6456; Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049005-16] NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn056 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305HO UT WOS:000256169100003 PM 18367467 ER PT J AU Jones, E Wright, JM Blount, B Savitz, DA Chan, R Silva, L AF Jones, E. Wright, J. M. Blount, B. Savitz, D. A. Chan, R. Silva, L. TI Blood trihalomethane data and water use activities in pregnant women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Jones, E.; Wright, J. M.; Blount, B.; Savitz, D. A.; Chan, R.; Silva, L.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200212 ER PT J AU Messer, LC Oakes, JM Mason, S AF Messer, L. C. Oakes, J. M. Mason, S. TI Disentangling racial and economic segregation: The limits to causal interpretation posed by structural confounding SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Messer, L. C.; Oakes, J. M.; Mason, S.] US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 SU S BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307HO UT WOS:000256310200191 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Stonehuerner, JG Dailey, LA Richards, JH Madden, MD Deng, Z Nguyen, NB Callaghan, KD Yang, FM Piantadosi, CA AF Ghio, Andrew J. Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G. Dailey, Lisa A. Richards, Judy H. Madden, Michael D. Deng, Zhongping Nguyen, N. -B. Callaghan, Kimberly D. Yang, Funmei Piantadosi, Claude A. TI Carbon monoxide reversibly alters iron homeostasis and respiratory epithelial cell function SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidants; oxidative stress; inflammation; cell proliferation; ferritin ID INDUCED LUNG INJURY; HEME OXYGENASE-1; NITROGEN MONOXIDE; PROVIDES PROTECTION; EFFECTOR MOLECULES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; KINASE; PATHWAY AB The dissociation of iron from heme is a major factor in iron metabolism and the cellular concentrations of the metal correlate with heme degradation. We tested the hypotheses that (1) exposure to a product of heme catabolism, carbon monoxide (CO), alters iron homeostasis in the lung and in cultured respiratory epithelial cells; (2) this response includes both decreased uptake and increased release of cell metal; and (3) the effects of CO on cell function track changes in metal homeostasis. In rats exposed to 50 ppm CO for 24 hours, non-heme iron concentrations decreased in the lung and increased in the liver. In respiratory epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface, CO exposure decreased cell non-heme iron and ferritin concentrations within 2 hours and the effect was fully reversible. CO significantly depressed iron uptake by epithelial cells, despite increased expression of divalent metal transporter-1, while iron release was elevated. The loss of non-heme iron after CO reduced cellular oxidative stress, blocked the release of the proinflammatory mediator (interleukin-8), and interfered with cell cycle protein expression. We conclude that CO reduces the iron content of the lung through both the metal uptake and release mechanisms. This loss of cellular iron after CO is in line with certain biological effects of the gas that have been implicated in the protection of cell viability. C1 [Ghio, Andrew J.; Stonehuerner, Jacqueline G.; Dailey, Lisa A.; Richards, Judy H.; Madden, Michael D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Deng, Zhongping] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Nguyen, N. -B.; Callaghan, Kimberly D.; Yang, Funmei] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Piantadosi, Claude A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 715 EP 723 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0179OC PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 303NC UT WOS:000256046200011 PM 18203974 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Cooper, GS Alavanja, MC Sandler, DP AF De Roos, Anneclaire J. Cooper, Glinda S. Alavanja, Michael C. Sandler, Dale P. TI Personal and family medical history correlates of rheumatoid arthritis SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune diseases; autoimmunity; epidemiology; medical history; comorbidities; family history ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; AGRICULTURAL HEALTH; HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; SKIN-CANCER; DISEASES; POPULATION; VALIDITY AB PURPOSE: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often have comorbidities related to immune dysfunction, however, the timing of comorbidities relative to RA diagnosis and treatment is not clear. We studied personal and family medical history correlates of incident and prevalent RA in women. METHODS: We used a nested case-control design including women in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). Physician-confirmed cases of RA (n = 135) were matched to five controls each (n = 675) by birth date. We used logistic regression to examine associations between conditions listed in personal and family medical histories and both incident and prevalent RA, as estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIS). RESULTS: The risk of incident RA was associated with personal medical history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (OR = 4.4,95% CI: 1.4-14. 1), asthma or reactive lung disease (OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.3-10.5), and cataract (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.0-10.8). Personal history of herpes zoster was associated with prevalent RA (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-4.8), but not with incident RA. There were no consistent associations between family medical history and RA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with medical conditions indicating compromised immunity are at increased risk of developing RA. These results may indicate common pathogenesis of an environmental or genetic nature between such diseases. C1 [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [De Roos, Anneclaire J.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Hlth Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Alavanja, Michael C.] NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP De Roos, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M4 B874, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM deroos@u.washington.edu OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES049030-11] NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.12.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 315IZ UT WOS:000256873400001 PM 18346911 ER PT J AU Betancourt, DA Loveless, TM Brown, JW Bishop, PE AF Betancourt, Doris A. Loveless, Telisa M. Brown, James W. Bishop, Paul E. TI Characterization of diazotrophs containing Mo-independent nitrogenases, isolated from diverse natural environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA-VARIABILIS; 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; STRUCTURAL GENES; VANADIUM NITROGENASE; FIXING BACTERIA; FE-PROTEIN; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM AB Molybdenum-independent nitrogenases were first described in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii and have since been described in other diazotrophic bacteria. Previously, we reported the isolation of seven diazotrophs with Mo-independent nitrogenases from aquatic environments. In the present study, we extend these results to include diazotrophs isolated from wood chip mulch, soil, "paraffin dirt," and sediments from mangrove swamps. Mo-deficient, N-free media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were used for the isolations. A total of 26 isolates were genetically and physiologically characterized. Their phylogenetic placement was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Most of the isolates are members of the gamma subdivision of the class Proteobacteria and appear to be specifically related to fluorescent pseudomonads and azotobacteria. Two other isolates, ANI and LPF4, are closely related to Enterobacter spp. and Paenibacillus spp., respectively. PCR and/or Southern hybridization were used to detect the presence of nitrogenase genes in the isolates. PCR amplification of vnfG and anfG was used to detect the genetic potential for the expression of the vanadium-containing nitrogenase and the iron-only nitrogenase in the isolates. This study demonstrates that diazotrophs with Mo-independent nitrogenases can be readily isolated from diverse natural environments. C1 [Betancourt, Doris A.; Brown, James W.; Bishop, Paul E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Loveless, Telisa M.; Bishop, Paul E.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Betancourt, DA (reprint author), US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent Control Div, Mail Code E 305-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM betancourt.doris@epa.gov NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3471 EP 3480 DI 10.1128/AEM.02694-07 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 309KX UT WOS:000256460400019 PM 18378646 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Kurosaki, H Frechou, C Gilligan, C Jones, R LaMont, S Leggitt, J Li, C McCroan, K Swatski, R AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Kurosaki, Hiromu Frechou, Carole Gilligan, Chris Jones, Robert LaMont, Stephen Leggitt, Jeff Li, Chunsheng McCroan, Keith Swatski, Ronald TI A blueprint for radioanalytical metrology CRMs, intercomparisons, and PE SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci DE CRMs; emergency response; environmental; intercomparisons; nuclear forensics; performance evaluations; radiobioassay ID PROGRAM AB A workshop was held from 28 February to 2 March 2006 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to evaluate the needs for new directions for complex matrix reference materials certified for radionuclide content, interlaboratory comparisons and performance evaluation (PE) programs. The workshop identified new radioanalytical metrology thrust areas needed for environmental, radiobioassay, emergency consequence management, and nuclear forensics, attribution, nonproliferation, and safeguards. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.; Kurosaki, Hiromu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frechou, Carole] CE Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gilligan, Chris] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [LaMont, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Leggitt, Jeff] Fed Bur Invest Acad, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Li, Chunsheng] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. [McCroan, Keith] US EPA, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. [Swatski, Ronald] USACHPPM, Dept Army, APG EA, MD 21010 USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 835 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000033 PM 18359232 ER PT J AU Chan, PC Sills, RC Kissling, GE Nyska, A Richter, W AF Chan, P. C. Sills, R. C. Kissling, G. E. Nyska, A. Richter, W. TI Induction of thyroid and liver tumors by chronic exposure to 2-methylimidazole in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-methylimidazole; thyroid; liver; tumors; granuloma; rats; mice ID ZERO-DOSE CONTROL; RETENTION MECHANISM; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; GLAND NEOPLASIA; LONG-TERM; IMIDAZOLES; IDENTIFICATION; CATTLE; MILK AB 2-Methylimidazole (2MI) has been identified as a by-product of fermentation and is detected in foods and mainstream and side-stream tobacco smoke. It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, agricultural chemicals, and rubber. Carcinogenicity studies of 2MI were conducted because of its high potential for human exposure and a lack of carcinogenicity data. Groups of male and female Fischer 344/N rats were fed diets containing 0, 300, 1,000, or 3,000 ppm (males) or 0, 1,000, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm (females) 2MI for 106 weeks and groups of male and female B6C3F1 mice were fed 0, 625, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm 2MI for 105 weeks. Animals in each group were sacrificed at 8 days, 14 weeks, and 6 months for determinations of serum thyroid hormone and liver enzyme levels and histopathological examinations and at 2 years for evaluations of neoplastic lesions. In rats, 2MI administration reduced serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine and increased thyroid stimulating hormone levels. 2MI administration also increased total hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase levels. At 2 years, the incidences of thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia, adenoma or carcinoma (combined), as well as follicular mineralization were increased. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in the two highest dose groups of males and females were also increased. The incidences of mixed cell focus in males and females were also significantly increased. In mice, the incidences of thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia were significantly increased in the high dose males and females. The incidence of thyroid follicular cell adenoma in the 2,500 ppm males was significantly greater than that in the control group. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males and in the 2,500 ppm females. Significant increases in incidences were also observed in spleen hematopoietic cell proliferation in both sexes and bone marrow hyperplasia, chronic active inflammation of the epididymis, sperm granuloma, and germinal epithelial atrophy of the testis in males. Under these experimental conditions, carcinogenic activity of 2MI was demonstrated in male and female rats and mice. C1 [Chan, P. C.; Sills, R. C.; Kissling, G. E.; Nyska, A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Richter, W.] So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. RP Chan, PC (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chanp@niehs.nih.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 6 BP 399 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s00204-007-0249-7 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 306MH UT WOS:000256252000008 PM 17924096 ER PT J AU Case, MW Williams, R Yeatts, K Chen, FL Scott, J Svendsen, E Devlin, RB AF Case, Martin W. Williams, Ron Yeatts, Karin Chen, Fu-Lin Scott, James Svendsen, Erik Devlin, Robert B. TI Evaluation of a direct personal coarse particulate matter monitor SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE coarse particulate matter; PM10-2.5; PM2.5 ID RESIDENTIAL OUTDOOR; AMBIENT; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE AB One aspect of the North Carolina Adult Asthma and Environment study (NCAAES) was to evaluate personal exposures to coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and their associated variability. As part of this, we examined the ability of a community-based monitor to act as a surrogate for an individual's true exposure to this size fraction in linked health effect studies. To assess personal exposures to various particulate matter (PM) size fractions, a personal PM monitor was evaluated. This monitor featured a multi-stage cascade impactor that allowed for the simultaneous collection of PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 size fractions. The monitor was evaluated for collocated bias and comparability with a dichotomous (dichot) sampler (device for dividing aerosol PM population into two size fractions during sampling) at an outdoor monitoring site. Results of this evaluation indicated that the prototype was capable of agreement within +/- 20% of that provided by the reference methodology as well as 20% daily precision for PM10-2.5 mass measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Case, Martin W.; Scott, James; Devlin, Robert B.] US EPA, Human Studies Facil, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27599 USA. [Williams, Ron; Chen, Fu-Lin] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27599 USA. [Yeatts, Karin] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Svendsen, Erik] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Case, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, NHEERL, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27599 USA. EM mwcase@mebtel.net RI Svendsen, Erik/J-2671-2015 OI Svendsen, Erik/0000-0003-3941-0907 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 19 BP 4446 EP 4452 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.023 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330LZ UT WOS:000257944400003 ER PT J AU Kambe, A Iguchi, G Moon, Y Kamitani, H Watanabe, T Eling, TE AF Kambe, Atsushi Iguchi, Genzo Moon, Yuseok Kamitani, Hideki Watanabe, Takashi Eling, Thomas E. TI Regulation of EP4 expression via the Sp-1 transcription factor: Inhibition of expression by anti-cancer agents SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sp-1 phosphorylation; PPAR; prostaglandin EP4 receptor; glioblastoma; Erks activation ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HUMAN PANCREATIC-CANCER; CARCINOMA-CELL-GROWTH; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; PROSTANOID RECEPTORS; SP1 PHOSPHORYLATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER AB For glioblastomas, COX-2 expression is linked to poor survival. COX-2 effects are mediated by the receptors EP2 and EP4, whose regulation is poorly understood. The expression of EP4, and activation or inhibition of EP4 activity in human glioblastoma T98G cells, was found to correlate with growth on soft agar. Chemoprevention drugs, troglitazone (TGZ) and some COX inhibitors, significantly suppressed EP4 expression in T98G cells in a dose dependant manner. Specificity protein 1 (Sp-1) binding sites, located within region -197 to -160 of the human EP4 promoter, are important for the transcription initiation of the human EP4 gene and are responsible for the EP4 suppression by TGZ. Mutation in the Sp-1 sites altered the promoter activity of luciferase constructs and TGZ effects on the promoter. The inhibitory effect of TGZ on EP4 expression was reversed by PD98059, a MEK-1/Erk inhibitor. Immunoprecipitation-Western blot analysis detected Sp-1 phosphorylation that was dependent on TGZ-induced Erks activation. ChIP assay confirmed that Sp-1 phosphorylation decreases its binding to DNA and as a result, leads to the suppression of EP4 expression. Thus, we propose that the expression of EP4 is regulated by Sp-1, but phosphorylation of Sp-1 induced by TGZ suppresses this expression. This represents a new and unique mechanism for the regulation of the EP4 receptor expression. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kambe, Atsushi; Iguchi, Genzo; Eling, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kambe, Atsushi; Kamitani, Hideki; Watanabe, Takashi] Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Inst Neurol Sci, Div Neurosurg, Tottori 6838504, Japan. [Moon, Yuseok] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Pusan 602739, South Korea. RP Eling, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Eling@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES050144-13, Z01 ES010016-09] NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4889 J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1783 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1219 DI 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.032 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 312FX UT WOS:000256655600026 PM 18346464 ER PT J AU Polasky, S Nelson, E Camm, J Csuti, B Fackler, P Lonsdorf, E Montgomery, C White, D Arthur, J Garber-Yonts, B Haight, R Kagan, J Starfield, A Tobalske, C AF Polasky, Stephen Nelson, Erik Camm, Jeff Csuti, Blair Fackler, Paul Lonsdorf, Eric Montgomery, Claire White, Denis Arthur, Jeff Garber-Yonts, Brian Haight, Robert Kagan, Jimmy Starfield, Anthony Tobalske, Claudine TI Where to put things? Spatial land management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; efficiency frontier; land use; tradeoffs; terrestrial vertebrates; survival probability ID MULTIPLE-USE LANDSCAPES; RESERVE SITE SELECTION; COUNTRYSIDE BIOGEOGRAPHY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INTEGRATING COSTS; CONSERVATION; FOREST; OREGON; TIMBER; ALGORITHMS AB Expanding human population and economic growth have led to large-scale conversion of natural habitat to human-dominated landscapes with consequent large-scale declines in biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity, while at the same time meeting expanding human needs, is an issue of utmost importance. In this paper we develop a spatially explicit landscape-level model for analyzing the biological and economic consequences of alternative land-use patterns. The spatially explicit biological model incorporates habitat preferences, area requirements and dispersal ability between habitat patches for terrestrial vertebrate species to predict the likely number of species that will be sustained on the landscape. The spatially explicit economic model incorporates site characteristics and location to predict economic returns for a variety of potential land uses. We apply the model to search for efficient land-use patterns that maximize biodiversity conservation objectives for given levels of economic returns, and vice versa. We apply the model to the Willamette Basin, Oregon, USA. By thinking carefully about the arrangement of activities, we find land-use patterns that sustain high levels of biodiversity and economic returns. Compared to the 1990 land-use pattern, we show that both biodiversity conservation and the value of economic activity could be increased substantially. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen; Starfield, Anthony] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Camm, Jeff] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Qualitat Anal & Operat Management, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fackler, Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric] Conservat & Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Montgomery, Claire] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Arthur, Jeff] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Garber-Yonts, Brian] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Haight, Robert] USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kagan, Jimmy; Tobalske, Claudine] Oregon Nat Heritage Informat Ctr, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Nelson, Erik] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Polasky, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM polasky@umn.edu; nels1069@umn.edu; jeff.camm@uc.edu; csutiblair@aol.com; paul_fackler@ncsu.edu; ericlonsdorf@lpzoo.org; claire.montgomery@oregonstate.edu; White.Denis@epamail.epa.gov; arthur@stat.orst.edu; brian.garber-yonts@noaa.gov; rhaight@fs.fed.us; jimmy.kagan@oregonstate.edu; starf001@umn.edu; claudine.tobalske@oregonstate.edu OI Nelson, Erik/0000-0002-7291-5192 NR 100 TC 243 Z9 248 U1 12 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.022 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324RQ UT WOS:000257536100007 ER PT J AU Dunson, DB Park, JH AF Dunson, David B. Park, Ju-Hyun TI Kernel stick-breaking processes SO BIOMETRIKA LA English DT Article DE conditional density estimation; dependent Dirichlet process; kernel methods; nonparametric Bayes; mixture model; prediction rule; random partition ID PROCESS HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; PRODUCT PARTITION MODELS; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; MIXTURE-MODELS; DIRICHLET; DISTRIBUTIONS; PRIORS AB We propose a class of kernel stick-breaking processes for uncountable collections of dependent random probability measures. The process is constructed by first introducing an infinite sequence of random locations. Independent random probability measures and beta-distributed random weights are assigned to each location. Predictor-dependent random probability measures are then constructed by mixing over the locations, with stick-breaking probabilities expressed as a kernel multiplied by the beta weights. Some theoretical properties of the process are described, including a covariate-dependent prediction rule. A retrospective Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for posterior computation, and the methods are illustrated using a simulated example and an epidemiological application. C1 [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Park, Ju-Hyun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Dunson, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dunson1@niehs.nih.gov; parkj3@niehs.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES040013-07] NR 29 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3444 J9 BIOMETRIKA JI Biometrika PD JUN PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 307 EP 323 DI 10.1093/biomet/asn012 PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 306SW UT WOS:000256269100004 PM 18800173 ER PT J AU Chapin, RE Adams, J Boekelheide, K Gray, LE Hayward, SW Lees, PSJ McIntyre, BS Portier, KM Schnorr, TM Selevan, SG Vandenbergh, JG Woskie, SR AF Chapin, Robert E. Adams, Jane Boekelheide, Kim Gray, L. Earl, Jr. Hayward, Simon W. Lees, Peter S. J. McIntyre, Barry S. Portier, Kenneth M. Schnorr, Teresa M. Selevan, Sherry G. Vandenbergh, John G. Woskie, Susan R. TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of bisphenol A SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; CALBINDIN-D-9K MESSENGER-RNA; POLYCARBONATE BABY BOTTLES C1 [Chapin, Robert E.] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Adams, Jane] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Boekelheide, Kim] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gray, L. Earl, Jr.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hayward, Simon W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Lees, Peter S. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [McIntyre, Barry S.] Schering Plough Corp, Res Inst, Summit, NJ USA. [Portier, Kenneth M.] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Schnorr, Teresa M.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Selevan, Sherry G.] US Publ Hlth Serv Ret, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Vandenbergh, John G.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Woskie, Susan R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. RP Chapin, RE (reprint author), Care Of Shelby MD, NIEHS, EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 533 TC 209 Z9 221 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9733 EI 1542-9741 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 83 IS 3 BP 157 EP 395 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20147 PG 239 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 323MC UT WOS:000257449200005 PM 18613034 ER PT J AU Ortega, J Helmig, D Daly, RW Tanner, DM Guenther, AB Herrick, JD AF Ortega, John Helmig, Detlev Daly, Ryan W. Tanner, David M. Guenther, Alex B. Herrick, Jeffrey D. TI Approaches for quantifying reactive and low-volatility biogenic organic compound emissions by vegetation enclosure techniques - Part B: Applications SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC); isoprene; monoterpenes; sesquiterpenes; emission rates; fluxes ID SESQUITERPENE EMISSIONS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST; GROWTH; TREES; FACE; AIR; L. AB The focus of the studies presented in the preceding companion paper (Part A: Review) and here (Part B: Applications) is on defining representative emission rates from vegetation for determining the roles of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol processes. The review of previously published procedures for identifying and quantifying BVOC emissions has revealed a wide variety of experimental methods used by various researchers. Experimental details become increasingly critical for quantitative emission measurements of low volatility monoterpenes (MT) and sesquiterpenes (SQT). These compounds are prone to be lost inadvertently by uptake to materials in contact with the sample air or by reactions with atmospheric oxidants. These losses become more prominent with higher molecular weight compounds, potentially leading to an underestimation of their emission rates. We present MT and SQT emission rate data from numerous experiments that include 23 deciduous tree species, 14 coniferous tree species, 8 crops, and 2 shrubs. These data indicate total, normalized (30 degrees C) basal emission rates from <10 to 5600 ngC g(-1) h(-1) for MT, and from <10 to 1150 ngC g(-1) h(-1) for SQT compounds. Both MT and SQT emissions have exponential dependencies on temperature (i.e. rates are proportional to e(beta T)). The inter-quartile range of beta-values for MT was between 0.12 and 0.17 K-1, which is higher than the value commonly used in models (0.09 K-1). However many of the MT emissions also exhibited light dependencies, making it difficult to separate light and temperature influences. The primary light-dependent MT was ocimene, whose emissions were up to a factor of 10 higher than light-independent MT emissions. The inner-quartile range of beta-values for SQT was between 0.15 and 0.21 K-1. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ortega, John; Helmig, Detlev; Daly, Ryan W.; Tanner, David M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Guenther, Alex B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Herrick, Jeffrey D.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Heimig@colorado.edu RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 365 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.054 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 315IB UT WOS:000256870900003 PM 18471857 ER PT J AU Karunanithi, AT Acquah, C Achenie, LEK AF Karunanithi, Arunprakash T. Acquah, Charles Achenie, Luke E. K. TI Tuning the morphology of pharmaceutical compounds via model based solvent selection SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Sustainable Chemical Product and Process Engineering CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA DE morphology; solvent selection; nonlinear programming; crystallization; product design ID AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN; PURE-COMPONENT PROPERTIES; SEPARATION PROCESSES; LIQUID-EXTRACTION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; IBUPROFEN; MIXTURES; UNIFAC AB In this paper we present it strategy for tuning the crystal morphology of pharmaceutical compounds by the appropriate choice of solvent via an optimization model. A three-stage approach involving a pre-design stage, a product design stage and a post-design experimental verification stage is presented. The pre-design stage addresses the formulation of the property constraint for crystal morphology. This involves crystallization experiments and development of property models and constraints for morphology. In the design stage various property requirements for the solvent along with crystal morphology are considered and the product design problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model. The design stage provides an optimal solvent/list of candidate solvents. Similar to the pre-design stage, in the post design experimental verification stage, the morphology of the crystals (precipitated from the designed solvent) is verified through crystallization experiments followed by product characterization via scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction imaging and Fourier transform spectra analysis. C1 [Achenie, Luke E. K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Acquah, Charles] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT USA. [Karunanithi, Arunprakash T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Achenie, LEK (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Achenie@vt.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO. 3 HUIXINLI CHAOYANGQU, BEIJING 100029, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1004-9541 J9 CHINESE J CHEM ENG JI Chin. J. Chem. Eng. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S1004-9541(08)60107-X PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 322ZP UT WOS:000257414100025 ER PT J AU Bierwagen, BG Rahel, FJ Thomas, R AF Bierwagen, Britta G. Rahel, Frank J. Thomas, Roxanne TI Special section: A synthesis of climate-change effects on aquatic invasive species - Introduction SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT; POLICY C1 [Bierwagen, Britta G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rahel, Frank J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Thomas, Roxanne] Environm Law Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bierwagen, BG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Program, 1200 Penn Ave, NW MC 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bierwagen.britta@epa.gov RI Bierwagen, Britta/G-5943-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 518 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00958.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800006 PM 18577080 ER PT J AU Hellmann, JJ Byers, JE Bierwagen, BG Dukes, JS AF Hellmann, Jessica J. Byers, James E. Bierwagen, Britta G. Dukes, Jeffrey S. TI Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; invasion pathway; invasive species; invasive-species management ID AGASICLES-HYGROPHILA SELMAN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE LIMITS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT INVASIONS; WATER-HYACINTH; ALLIGATOR WEED; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Scientific and societal unknowns make it difficult to predict bow global environmental changes such as climate change and biological invasions will affect ecological systems. In the long term, these changes may have interacting effects and compound the uncertainty associated with each individual driver. Nonetheless, invasive species are likely to respond in ways that should be qualitatively predictable, and some of these responses will be distinct from those of native counterparts. We used the stages of invasion known as the "invasion pathway" to identify 5 nonexclusive consequences of climate change for invasive species: (1) altered transport and introduction mechanisms, (2) establishment of new invasive species, (3) altered impact of existing invasive species, (4) altered distribution of existing invasive species, and (5) altered effectiveness of control strategies. We then used these consequences to identify testable hypotheses about the responses of invasive species to climate change and provide suggestions for invasive-species management plans. The 5 consequences also emphasize the need for enhanced environmental monitoring and expanded coordination among entities involved in invasive-species management C1 [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Byers, James E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bierwagen, Britta G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Hellmann, JJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hellmann.3@nd.edu RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Bierwagen, Britta/G-5943-2010; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; NR 81 TC 300 Z9 316 U1 70 U2 346 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 534 EP 543 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00951.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800008 PM 18577082 ER PT J AU Rahel, FJ Bierwagen, B Taniguchi, Y AF Rahel, Frank J. Bierwagen, Britta Taniguchi, Yoshinori TI Managing aquatic species of conservation concern in the face of climate change and invasive species SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic invasive species; climate change; dispersal corridors; habitat improvement; imperiled species; invasive species effects; range shifts; species of conservation concern; species translocation ID NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; GREAT-LAKES; WATER TEMPERATURE; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; YELLOWSTONE LAKE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB The difficult task of managing species of conservation concern is likely to become even more challenging due to the interaction of climate change and invasive species. In addition to direct effects on habitat quality, climate change will foster the expansion of invasive species into new areas and magnify the effects of invasive species already present by altering competitive dominance, increasing predation rates, and enhancing the virulence of diseases, In some cases parapatric species may expand into new habitats and have detrimental effects that are similar to those of invading non-native species. The traditional strategy of isolating imperiled species in reserves may not be adequate if habitat conditions change beyond historic ranges or in ways that favor invasive species. The consequences of climate change will require a more active management paradigm that includes implementing habitat improvements that reduce the effects of climate change and creating migration barriers that prevent an influx of invasive species. Other management actions that should be considered include providing dispersal corridors that allow species to track environmental changes, translocating species to newly suitable habitats where migration is not possible, and developing action plans for the early detection and eradication of new invasive species. C1 [Rahel, Frank J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bierwagen, Britta] US EPA, ORD MC 8601P, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Taniguchi, Yoshinori] Meijo Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Aichi 4688502, Japan. RP Rahel, FJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM frahel@uwyo.edu RI Bierwagen, Britta/G-5943-2010 NR 78 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 16 U2 88 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 551 EP 561 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00953.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800010 PM 18577084 ER PT J AU Bierwagen, BG Thomas, R Kane, A AF Bierwagen, Britta G. Thomas, Roxanne Kane, Austin TI Capacity of management plans for aquatic invasive species to integrate climate change SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; adaptive management; aquatic invasive species management plans; climate change ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; FRESH-WATER AB The consequences of climate change will affect aquatic ecosystems, including aquatic invasive species (AIS) that are already affecting these ecosystems. Effects on AIS include range shifts and more frequent overwintering of species. These effects may create new challenges for AIS management We examined available U.S. state A-IS management plans to assess each program's capacity to adapt to climate-change effects. We scored the adaptive capacity of AIS management plans on the basis of whether they addressed potential impacts resulting from climate change; demonstrated a capacity to adapt to changing conditions, provided for monitoring strategies; provided for plan revisions; and described funding for implementation. Most plans did not mention climate change specifically, but some did acknowledge climatic boundaries of species and ecosystem sensitivities to changing conditions. just under half the plans mentioned changing environmental conditions as a factor, most frequently as part of research activities. Activities associated with monitoring showed the highest capacity to include information on changing conditions, and future revisions to management plans are likely to be the easiest avenue through which to address climate-change effects on AIS management activities. Our results show that programs have the capacity to incorporate information about climate-change effects and that the adaptive-management framework may be an appropriate approach. C1 [Bierwagen, Britta G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Thomas, Roxanne; Kane, Austin] Environm Law Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bierwagen, BG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Global Change Res Program, 1200 Penn Ave NW MC 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bierwagen.britta@epa.gov RI Bierwagen, Britta/G-5943-2010 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00954.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800012 PM 18577086 ER PT J AU Lee, H Reusser, DA Olden, JD Smith, SS Graham, J Burkett, V Dukes, JS Piorkowski, RJ McPhedran, J AF Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. Olden, Julian D. Smith, Scott S. Graham, Jim Burkett, Virginia Dukes, Jeffrey S. Piorkowski, Robert J. McPhedran, John TI Integrated monitoring and information systems for managing aquatic invasive species in a changing climate SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic invasive species; aquatic invasive species monitoring; climate change; information systems; niche models ID MARINE BIOINVASIONS; GREAT-LAKES; NEW-ZEALAND; DISTRIBUTIONS; HABITAT; MODELS; WATER; RICHNESS; STREAMS; POLICY AB Changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climatic drivers and sea-level rise will affect populations of existing native and non-native aquatic species and the vulnerability of aquatic environments to new invasions. Monitoring surveys provide the foundation for assessing the combined effects of climate change and invasions by providing baseline biotic and environmental conditions, although the utility of a survey depends on whether the results are quantitative or qualitative, and other design considerations. The results from a variety of monitoring programs in the United States are available in integrated biological information systems, although many include only non-native species, not native species. Besides including natives, we suggest these systems could be improved through the development of standardized methods that capture habitat and physiological requirements and link regional and national biological databases into distributed Web portals that allow drawing information from multiple sources. Combining the outputs from these biological information systems with environmental data would allow the development of ecologicalniche models that predict the potential distribution or abundance of native and non-native species on the basis of current environmental conditions. Environmental projections from climate models can be used in these niche models to project changes in species distributions or abundances under altered climatic conditions and to identify potential high-risk invaders. There are, however, a number of challenges, such as uncertainties associated with projections from climate and niche models and difficulty in integrating data with different temporal and spatial granularity. Even with these uncertainties, integration of biological and environmental information systems, niche models, and climate projections would improve management of aquatic ecosystems under the dual threats of biotic invasions and climate change. C1 [Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.; Smith, Scott S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Graham, Jim] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Many, LA 71449 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Piorkowski, Robert J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [McPhedran, John] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lee.henry@epa.gov RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011; OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00955.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800013 PM 18577087 ER PT J AU Rybczynski, SM Walters, DM Fritz, KM Johnson, BR AF Rybczynski, S. M. Walters, D. M. Fritz, K. M. Johnson, B. R. TI Comparing trophic position of stream fishes using stable isotope and gut contents analyses SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE diet; delta N-15; omnivory; nongame fish; feeding habits ID FOOD-HABITS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; CONTAMINANT BIOACCUMULATION; PIEDMONT STREAM; LIFE-HISTORY; OZARK STREAM; WEBS; RIVER; ECOSYSTEM; DARTER AB Stable isotope analysis (SIA) and gut contents analysis (GCA) are commonly used in food web studies, but few studies analyse these data in concert. We used SIA (delta N-15) and GCA (% composition) to identify diets and trophic position (TP) of six stream fishes and to compare TP estimates between methods. Ordination analysis of gut contents identified two primary trophic groups, omnivores and predators. Significant differences in TPGCA and TPSIA were similar in direction among-species and among-trophic groups; neither method detected seasonal changes in omnivore diets. Within-species TPGCA and TPSIA were similar except for one omnivore. TPGCA was less variable than TPSIA for predators, but variation between methods was similar for omnivores. While both methods were equally robust at discriminating trophic groups of fishes, TPSIA is less laborious to estimate and may facilitate cross-stream comparisons of food web structure and energy flow. C1 [Rybczynski, S. M.] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Rybczynski, S. M.; Walters, D. M.; Fritz, K. M.; Johnson, B. R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rybczynski, SM (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM rybczysm@muohio.edu RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00289.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 296ND UT WOS:000255552200001 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Gilbert, KM Greidinger, EL James, JA Pfau, JC Reinlib, L Richardson, BC Roses, NR AF Cooper, Glinda S. Gilbert, Kathleen M. Greidinger, Eric L. James, Judith A. Pfau, Jean C. Reinlib, Leslie Richardson, Bruce C. Roses, Noel R. TI Recent advances and opportunities in research on lupus: Environmental influences and mechanisms of disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE adjuvant effect; apoptosis; autoimmune diseases; bystander effect; demethylation; epigenetics; Epstein-Barr virus; silica; systemic lupus erythematosus; trichloroethylene ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; ZEALAND MIXED MICE; T-CELL-ACTIVATION; KINASE-C-DELTA; SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RESISTANT B10.A MICE; APOPTOTIC CELLS; MURINE MODEL; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AB OBJECTIVES: In this review we summarize research on mechanisms through which environmental agents may affect the pathogenesis of lupus, discuss three exposures that have been the focus of research in this area, and propose recommendations for new research initiatives. DATA SOURCES AND SYNTHESIS: We examined studies pertaining to key mechanistic events and specific exposures. Apoptosis leading to increased production or decreased clearance of immunogenic intracellular self-antigens and defective apoptosis of autoreactive immune cells both have been implicated in the loss of self-tolerance. The adjuvant or bystander effect is also needed to produce a sustained autoimmune response. Activation of toll-like receptors is one mechanism through which these effects may occur. Abnormal DNA methylation may also contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus. Each of the specific exposures we examined-Epstein-Barr virus, silica, and trichloroethylene-has been shown, in humans or in mice, to act upon one or more of these pathogenic steps. Specific recommendations for the continued advancement of our understanding of environmental influences on lupus and other autoimmune diseases include the development and use of mouse models with varying degrees of penetrance and manifestations of disease, identification of molecular or physiologic targets of specific exposures, development and use of improved exposure assessment methodologies, and multisite collaborations designed to examine understudied environmental exposures in humans. CONCLUSIONS: The advances made in the past decade concerning our understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of lupus and the influence of environmental agents on this process provide a strong foundation for further developments in this field. C1 [Cooper, Glinda S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Gilbert, Kathleen M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Greidinger, Eric L.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Rheumatol, Miami, FL USA. [James, Judith A.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Arthrit & Immunol Program, Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Pfau, Jean C.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Pfau, Jean C.] Univ Montana, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reinlib, Leslie] NIH, Div Extramural Res & training, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Richardson, Bruce C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Richardson, Bruce C.] Ann Arbor Vet Affairs Hosp, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Roses, Noel R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Autoimmune Dis Res, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment P 8601, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM cooper.glinda@epa.gov OI Greidinger, Eric/0000-0003-3473-3846 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P30 AR053483] NR 107 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1289/ehp.11092 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306NC UT WOS:000256254100019 PM 18560522 ER PT J AU Slotkin, TA MacKillop, EA Melnick, RL Thayer, KA Seidler, FJ AF Slotkin, Theodore A. MacKillop, Emiko A. Melnick, Ronald L. Thayer, Kristina A. Seidler, Frederic J. TI Developmental neurotoxicity of perfluorinated chemicals modeled in vitro SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE developmental neurotoxicity; PC12 cells; perfluorinated chemicals; perfluoroalkyl acids; perfluorobutane sulfonate; perfluorooctane sulfonamide; perfluorooctane sulfonate; perfluorooctanoate; perfluorooctanoic acid ID PC12 CELLS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; LIVER-MICROSOMES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB BACKGROUND: The widespread detection of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives in wildlife and humans, and their entry into the immature brain, raise increasing concern about whether these agents might be developmental neurotoxicants. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in undifferentiated and differentiating PC12 cells, a neuronotypic line used to characterize neurotoxicity. METHODS: We assessed inhibition of DNA synthesis, deficits in cell numbers and growth, oxidative stress, reduced cell viability, and shifts in differentiation toward or away from the dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter phenotypes. RESULTS: In general, the rank order of adverse effects was PFOSA > PFOS > PFBS approximate to PFOA. However, superimposed on this scheme, the various agents differed in their underlying mechanisms and specific outcomes. Notably, PFOS promoted differentiation into the ACh phenotype at the expense of the DA phenotype, PFBS suppressed differentiation of both phenotypes, PFOSA enhanced differentiation of both, and PFOA had little or no effect on phenotypic specification. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that all perfluorinated chemicals are not the same in their impact on neurodevelopment and that it is unlikely that there is one simple, shared mechanism by which they all produce their effects. Our results reinforce the potential for in vitro models to aid in the rapid and cost-effective screening for comparative effects among different chemicals in the same class and in relation to known developmental neurotoxicants. C1 [Slotkin, Theodore A.; MacKillop, Emiko A.; Seidler, Frederic J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Melnick, Ronald L.; Thayer, Kristina A.] NIH, Natl Toxicol Program, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Slotkin, TA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Box 3813 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM t.slotkin@duke.edu FU PHS HHS [HHSN27320062006C] NR 65 TC 68 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 45 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP 716 EP 722 DI 10.1289/ehp.11253 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306NC UT WOS:000256254100022 PM 18560525 ER PT J AU Gilbert, ME Sui, L AF Gilbert, Mary E. Sui, Li TI Developmental exposure to perchlorate alters synaptic transmission in hippocampus of the adult rat SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brain; cognition; development; hippocampus; iodine; learning and memory; neurotoxicity; perchlorate; thyroid hormone ID THYROID-HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY; PAIRED-PULSE FACILITATION; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; DENTATE GYRUS; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; AREA CA1; HYPOTHYROIDISM; PLASTICITY; BRAIN AB BACKGROUND: Perchlorate is an environmental contaminant that blocks iodine uptake into the thyroid gland and reduces thyroid hormones. This action of Perchlorate raises significant concern over its effects on brain development. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate neurologic function in rats after developmental exposure to Perchlorate. METHODS: Pregnant rats were exposed to 0, 30, 300, or 1,000 ppm Perchlorate in drinking water from gestational day 6 until weaning. Adult male offspring were evaluated on a series of behavioral tasks and neurophysiologic measures of synaptic function in the hippocampus. RESULTS: At the highest Perchlorate dose, triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine (T-4) were reduced in pups on postnatal day 21. T-4 in dams was reduced relative to controls by 16%, 28%, and 60% in the 30, 300, and 1,000-ppm dose groups, respectively. Reductions in T-4 were associated with increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone in the high-dose group. No changes were seen in serum T-3. Perchlorate did not impair motor activity, spatial learning, or fear conditioning. However, significant reductions in baseline synaptic transmission were observed in hippocampal field potentials at all dose levels. Reductions in inhibitory function were evident at 300 and 1,000 ppm, and augmentations in long-term potentiation were observed in the population spike measure at the highest dose. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-dependent deficits in hippocampal synaptic function were detectable with relatively minor perturbations of the thyroid axis, indicative of an irreversible impairment in synaptic transmission in response to developmental exposure to Perchlorate. C1 [Gilbert, Mary E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sui, Li] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Gilbert, Mary E.; Sui, Li] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol MD B105 05, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilbert.mary@epa.gov NR 49 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP 752 EP 760 DI 10.1289/ehp.11089 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306NC UT WOS:000256254100028 PM 18560531 ER PT J AU Barraza-Villarreal, A Sunyer, J Hernandez-Cadena, L Escamilla-Nunez, MC Sienra-Monge, JJ Ramirez-Aguilar, M Cortez-Lugo, M Holguin, F Diaz-Sanchez, D Olin, AC Romieu, I AF Barraza-Villarreal, Albino Sunyer, Jordi Hernandez-Cadena, Leticia Consuelo Escamilla-Nunez, Maria Jose Sienra-Monge, Juan Ramirez-Aguilar, Matiana Cortez-Lugo, Marlene Holguin, Fernando Diaz-Sanchez, David Olin, Anna Carin Romieu, Isabelle TI Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City schoolchildren SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; airway inflammation; asthma; epidemiology; lung function; schoolchildren ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; PARTICULATE MATTER; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; BREATH CONDENSATE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA AB BACKGROUND: The biological mechanisms involved in inflammatory response to air pollution are not dearly understood. OBJECTIVE: In this study we assessed the association of short-term air pollutant exposure with inflammatory markers and lung function. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 158 asthmatic and 50 nonasthmatic school-age children, followed an average of 22 weeks. We conducted spirometric tests, measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Fe(NO)), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in nasal lavage, and pH of exhaled breath condensate every 15 days during follow-up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: An increase of 17.5 mu g/m(3) in the 8-hr moving average of PM(2.5) levels (interquartile range) was associated with a 1.08-ppb increase in Fe(NO) [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.16] and a 1.07-pg/mL increase in IL-8 (95% CI 0.98-1.19) in asthmatic children and a 1.16 pg/ml increase in IL-8 (95% CI, 1.00-1.36) in nonasthmatic children. The 5-day accumulated average of exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 pm in aerodynamic diamter (PM(2.5)) was significantly inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 see (FEV(1)) (p = 0.048) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = 0.012) in asthmatic children and with FVC (p = 0.021) in nonasthmatic children. FeNO and FEV(1) were inversely associated (p = 0.005) in asthmatic children. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PM(2.5) resulted in acute airway inflammation and decrease in lung function in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. C1 [Barraza-Villarreal, Albino; Hernandez-Cadena, Leticia; Consuelo Escamilla-Nunez, Maria; Cortez-Lugo, Marlene; Romieu, Isabelle] Ist Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. [Sunyer, Jordi] IMIM, Environm Epidemiol Res Ctr, CREAL, Barcelona, Spain. [Jose Sienra-Monge, Juan] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ramirez-Aguilar, Matiana] COFEPRIS, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Holguin, Fernando] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. [Diaz-Sanchez, David] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Olin, Anna Carin] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Ist Nacl Salud Publ, 655 Ave Univ,Col Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. EM iromieu@correo.insp.mx RI Sunyer, J/G-6909-2014 OI Sunyer, J/0000-0002-2602-4110 FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454] NR 56 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP 832 EP 838 DI 10.1289/ehp.10926 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306NC UT WOS:000256254100039 PM 18560490 ER PT J AU Gohlke, JM Hrynkow, SH Portier, CJ AF Gohlke, Julia M. Hrynkow, Sharon H. Portier, Christopher J. TI Health, economy, and environment: Sustainable energy choices for a nation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMISSIONS C1 [Gohlke, Julia M.; Hrynkow, Sharon H.; Portier, Christopher J.] NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gohlke, JM (reprint author), NIH, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM portier@niehs.nih.gov RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; Gohlke, Julia/0000-0002-6984-2893 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP A236 EP A237 DI 10.1289/ehp.11602 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 306NC UT WOS:000256254100002 PM 18560493 ER PT J AU Hogsett, WE Tingey, DT Lee, EH Beedlow, PA Andersen, CP AF Hogsett, William E. Tingey, David T. Lee, E. Henry Beedlow, Peter A. Andersen, Christian P. TI An approach for evaluating the effectiveness of various ozone Air Quality Standards for protecting trees SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; Air Quality Standards; TREGRO; ponderosa pine ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; PONDEROSA PINE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SIMULATION-MODEL; SOLAR-RADIATION; FOREST TREES; WHITE FIR; GROWTH; VEGETATION AB We demonstrate an approach for evaluating the level of protection attained using a variety of forms and levels of past, current, and proposed Air Quality Standards (AQSs). The U.S. Clean Air Act requires the establishment of ambient air quality standards to protect health and public welfare. However, determination of attainment of these standards is based on ambient pollutant concentrations rather than prevention of adverse effects. To determine if a given AQS protected against adverse effects on vegetation, hourly ozone concentrations were adjusted to create exposure levels that "just attain" a given standard. These exposures were used in combination with a physiologically-based tree growth model to account for the interactions of climate and ozone. In the evaluation, we used ozone concentrations from two 6-year time periods from the San Bernardino Mountains in California. There were clear differences in the level of vegetation protection achieved with the various AQSs. Based on modeled plant growth, the most effective standards were the California 8-hr average maximum of 70 ppb and a seasonal, cumulative, concentration-weighted index (SUM06), which if attained, resulted in annual growth reductions of 1 % or less. Least effective was the 1-hr maximum of 120 ppb which resulted in a 7% annual reduction. We conclude that combining climate, exposure scenarios, and a process-based plant growth simulator was a useful approach for evaluating effectiveness of current or proposed air quality standards, or evaluating the form and/or level of a standard based on preventing adverse growth effects. C1 [Hogsett, William E.; Tingey, David T.; Lee, E. Henry; Beedlow, Peter A.; Andersen, Christian P.] US EPA, Natl Environm & Hlth Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hogsett, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Environm & Hlth Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM hogsett.william@epa.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 6 BP 937 EP 948 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9057-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303PX UT WOS:000256054000013 PM 18157645 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Smith, CS Kissling, GE Hoppin, JA Butenhoff, JL Decker, E Ehresman, DJ Ellefson, ME Flaherty, J Gardner, MS Langlois, E LeBlanc, A Lindstrom, AB Reagen, WK Strynar, MJ Studabaker, WB AF Longnecker, Matthew P. Smith, Cynthia S. Kissling, Grace E. Hoppin, Jane A. Butenhoff, John L. Decker, Emily Ehresman, David J. Ellefson, Mark E. Flaherty, John Gardner, Michael S. Langlois, Eric LeBlanc, Alain Lindstrom, Andrew B. Reagen, William K. Strynar, Mark J. Studabaker, William B. TI An interlaboratory study of perfluorinated alkyl compound levels in human plasma SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE perfluorinated alkyl compounds; interlaboratory study; persistent organic pollutants; interdisciplinary studies; research design; epidemiologic methods ID PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE PFOS; BLOOD-DONORS; FLUOROCHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; SERUM; POPULATION; SUBSTANCES; CHEMICALS; HEALTH AB We conducted an interlaboratory study which differed from the typical study of this type because of its emphasis on comparing intralaboratory variability in results. We sent specimens to six laboratories experienced in the analysis of perfluorinated alkyl compounds in blood matrices and that use stringent procedures to control and assure accuracy and precision. Each received an identical set of 60 plasma specimens that were analyzed in six completely independent batches. Split specimens were included so that within- and between-batch coefficients of variation could be calculated. All laboratories used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) measured in the specimens in general showed a high level of agreement, although in some cases the agreement was only moderate. The average within- and between-batch coefficient of variation for PFOS was 9.1% and 9.3%; for PFOA was 14.5% and 14.5%; and for PFHxS was 14.5% and 17.0%. The recent availability of labeled internal standards, among other advances, has facilitated improvement in the accuracy and precision of the assays. Considering the degree of between-subject variation in levels among people in background-exposed populations, the results indicate that biomarker-based epidemiologic studies of associations with health could have reasonable precision. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Longnecker, Matthew P.; Hoppin, Jane A.] NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Smith, Cynthia S.] NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kissling, Grace E.] NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butenhoff, John L.; Ehresman, David J.; Ellefson, Mark E.; Reagen, William K.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Decker, Emily; Flaherty, John] Exygen Res, State Coll, PA USA. [Gardner, Michael S.; Studabaker, William B.] Res Triangle Inst Int, Exposure Anal Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Langlois, Eric; LeBlanc, Alain] Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Toxicol Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Lindstrom, Andrew B.; Strynar, Mark J.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnecl@niehs.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES044008-07] NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 107 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307PQ UT WOS:000256331200003 PM 18295197 ER PT J AU Kang, D Park, SK Beane-Freeman, L Lynch, CF Knott, CE Sandler, DP Hoppin, JA Dosemeci, M Coble, J Lubin, J Blair, A Alavanja, M AF Kang, Daehee Park, Sue Kyung Beane-Freeman, Laura Lynch, Charles F. Knott, Charles E. Sandler, Dale P. Hoppin, Jane A. Dosemeci, Mustafa Coble, Joseph Lubin, Jay Blair, Aaron Alavanja, Michael TI Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to trifluralin in the Agricultural Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agriculture; trifluralin; pesticides; cancer; occupational exposure ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; HERBICIDE TRIFLURALIN; COLON CANCER; GENOTOXICITY; LYMPHOMA; RISK; TRIALLATE; PHENOXY; FARMERS; ACID AB Trifluralin, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-trifluoromethylaniline, is a 2,6-dinitro herbicide widely used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in agricultural settings. The association between trifluralin use and common cancer incidence was evaluated among 50,127 private and commercial pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. Poisson regression was used to examine internal dose-response relationships, while controlling for important lifestyle factors and other agricultural exposures. Two metrics of exposure (lifetime days and intensity-weighted lifetime days) were used in exposure-response analyses with non-exposed applicators, as well as applicators in the lowest tertile of exposure, as reference groups. Incident cancers were identified through state tumor registries from enrollment in 1993 through 2002. Trifluralin exposure was not associated with cancer incidence overall among 51% of private and commercial applicators (n = 25,712) who had used trifluralin. However, there was an excess of colon cancer in the exposure category of higher half of highest tertile (rate ratios (RR) of 1.76 (95% CI = 1.05-2.95) using the non-exposed as a referent and 1.93 (95% CI = 1.08-3.45) using those with the lowest tertile of exposure as the referent). There was also a non-significantly elevated risk for kidney cancer and bladder cancer in the highest exposure group, although only the kidney cancer finding was consistent across exposure metrics. Although there was a possible link between trifluralin exposure and colon cancer, small numbers and inconsistencies in dose-response and subgroup analyses indicate that this may be a chance finding. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kang, Daehee; Beane-Freeman, Laura; Dosemeci, Mustafa; Coble, Joseph; Lubin, Jay; Blair, Aaron; Alavanja, Michael] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Kang, Daehee; Park, Sue Kyung] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Lynch, Charles F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sandler, Dale P.; Hoppin, Jane A.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC USA. RP Alavanja, M (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM alavanjm@mail.nih.gov RI Kang, Dae Hee/E-8631-2012; Park, Sue Kyung/J-2757-2012; Beane Freeman, Laura/C-4468-2015; OI Beane Freeman, Laura/0000-0003-1294-4124; Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 28 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 107 IS 2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 307PQ UT WOS:000256331200016 PM 18342850 ER PT J AU Ekman, DR Teng, Q Villeneuve, DL Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Durhan, EJ Ankley, GT Collette, TW AF Ekman, D. R. Teng, Q. Villeneuve, D. L. Kahl, M. D. Jensen, K. M. Durhan, E. J. Ankley, G. T. Collette, T. W. TI Investigating compensation and recovery of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol with metabolite profiling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIVO P-31 NMR; H-1-NMR METABOLOMICS; LIVER; VITELLOGENIN; TOXICITY; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; ESTROGEN; GLYCOGEN AB H-1 NMR spectroscopy was used to profile metabolite changes in the livers of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) via a continuous flow water exposure. Fish were exposed to either 10 or 100 ng EE2/L for 8 days, followed by an 8 day depuration phase. Livers were collected after days 1, 4, and 8 of the exposure, and at the end of the depuration phase. Analysis of polar extracts of the liver revealed a greater impact of EE2 on males than females, with metabolite profiles of the former assuming similarities with those of the females (i.e., feminization) early in the exposure. Biochemical effects observed in the males included changes in metabolites relating to energetics (e.g., glycogen, glucose, and lactate) and liver toxicity (creatine and bile acids). In addition, amino acids associated with vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis increased in livers of EE2-exposed males, a finding consistent with increased plasma concentrations of the lipoprotein in the fish. Using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the response trajectories of the males at both exposure concentrations were compared. This revealed an apparent ability of the fish to compensate for the presence of EE2 later in the exposure, and to partially recover from its effects after the chemical was removed. C1 [Ekman, D. R.; Teng, Q.; Collette, T. W.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Villeneuve, D. L.; Kahl, M. D.; Jensen, K. M.; Durhan, E. J.; Ankley, G. T.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Ekman, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ekman.drew@epa.gov NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4188 EP 4194 DI 10.1021/es8000618 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 306UW UT WOS:000256274300048 PM 18589986 ER PT J AU Yucesoy, B Johnson, VJ Kissling, GE Fluharty, K Kashon, ML Slaven, J Germolec, D Vallyathan, V Luster, MI AF Yucesoy, B. Johnson, V. J. Kissling, G. E. Fluharty, K. Kashon, M. L. Slaven, J. Germolec, D. Vallyathan, V. Luster, M. I. TI Genetic susceptibility to progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coal miners; cytokines; polymorphism; progressive massive fibrosis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; INDUCED PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; FACTOR-ALPHA; POLYMORPHISMS; LUNG; EXPRESSION; ICAM-1 AB Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with a complex aetiology that can occur after cumulative dust exposure. A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in inflammatory and fibrotic processes modulate the risk of PMF development. The study population consisted of 648 underground coal miners participating in the National Coal Workers Autopsy Study, of which 304 were diagnosed with PMF SNPs that influence the regulation of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta 1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes were determined using a 5'-nuclease real-time PCR assay. There were no significant differences in the distribution of any individual SNP or haplotype between the PMF and control groups. However, the polygenotype of VEGF +405/ICAM-1 +241/IL-6 -174 (C-A-G) conferred an increased risk for PMF (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3-8.8). The present study suggests that the examined genetic variations that help regulate inflammatory and fibrotic processes are unlikely to strongly influence susceptibility to this interstitial lung disease, although the role of vascular endothelial growth factor, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 polymorphisms in the development of progressive massive fibrosis may require further investigation. C1 [Yucesoy, B.; Johnson, V. J.; Fluharty, K.; Luster, M. I.] NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kashon, M. L.; Slaven, J.] NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Vallyathan, V.] NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Kissling, G. E.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Germolec, D.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Toxicol Operat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Yucesoy, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM byucesoy@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 34 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1183/09031936.00075107 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 312XM UT WOS:000256705700008 PM 18256065 ER PT J AU Costa, DL AF Costa, Daniel L. TI Alternative test methods in inhalation toxicology: Challenges and opportunities SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on High-Aspect-Ratio Micro-Structure Technology CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Besancon, FRANCE ID UTAH VALLEY; AIR-POLLUTION; EXTRACTS; RATS AB Requirements under the new European Union rules regarding Registration, Evaluation & Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) necessitate widespread toxicological safety testing of existing and new chemicals. Given the enormity of new and already in-service chemicals that fall under this new rule, obtaining inhalation toxicity testing data has unique challenges when compared to most biotesting regimes due to the complexity, time and expense involved in conducting standardized inhalation assessments of whole animals. A number of in vitro approaches have been used to obtain respiratory system-related information, but there is no universal or accepted test system to replace inhalation exposure studies. There are many considerations that must be satisfied before adopting any single in. vitro bioassay or battery of such assays to substitute for whole animal inhalation data. These considerations relate mostly to the relevance of the bioassay(s) regarding selection of bioassay cell type(s), dose, and fundamental study procedures. There are data in the literature although these have not been well-assessed for such applications, and there exist perhaps more relevant unpublished data in the private sector that could provide guidance on this issue. The formation of a coalition of scientists to assess current knowledge and perhaps to consider a basic comparative study where consensus approaches (with frank discussions of their strengths and weaknesses) would be invaluable to the testing community and to the ultimate protection of human health. In May 2007, a Congress of government, industry, and academic scientists met at the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, on the subject of Alternative Test Methods in Inhalation Toxicology. The stimulus for the meeting arose from the European Union's (EU) recent implementation of the new REACH safety testing requirements for commercial chemicals and products. Attendees at the meeting presented a panoply of data and perspectives on the state of the science on alternative testing methods and how these might aid safety assessments of inhaled materials. The focus of many presentations was on the fundamental attributes of inhalation toxicology and how these are translated or otherwise addressed in alternative in vitro test methods. There was recognition of the needs and the potential for progress through collaboration, but there remains a clear need for continued discussion and proactive support to a broad-based comparative study. The present discussion provides one perspective of this complex issue and how the science community might collaborate to develop acceptable alternative approaches based in science that have utility in inhalation toxicological assessments. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Costa, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM costa.dan@epa.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.001 PG 5 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 330MW UT WOS:000257947500004 PM 18486462 ER PT J AU Madden, MC AF Madden, Michael C. TI Complex issues with examining diesel exhaust toxicity: Is the task getting easier or harder? SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on High-Aspect-Ratio Micro-Structure Technology CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Besancon, FRANCE DE diesel exhaust; bioassay; mutagenicity; allergy; inflammation; susceptibility; emission regulations ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PARTICLES; RESPONSES; PARTICULATE; EXTRACTS; EXPOSURE; MYOCYTES; IGE AB Petroleum diesel exhaust (DE) exposure has been linked to several health effects including lung cancer. The role of DE in the cardiopulmonary effects associated with particulate matter (PM) exposures is unclear; this uncertainty drives current research efforts to better understand how the DE exerts toxicity. Several issues present complexities to the design of DE health effects research. One issue is to better establish the health effects and biological responses from DE exposure. Lung responses have been examined with variable findings with controlled exposures, but to date relatively little is known about cardiovascular responses. Additionally, induction of other health effects from DE exposure has been examined mainly through either controlled nonhuman animal model exposures or epidemiological approaches. Due to changing regulations and technology to achieve compliance with regulatory standards, DE from more modern emissions contains less PM and certain gases, making comparisons to older emissions complicated. In addition, the gas phase contains proportionally more mass than the PM phase, presenting technological problems in terms of the collection of the DE for future studies and across-laboratory comparison. Therefore, in order to study the toxicity of DE, whole exhaust (PM and gases) exposures should ideally be performed, at least as part of establishing the role that the PM or gases may play in the biological responses being examined. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Madden, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Facil, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM madden.michael@epa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.002 PG 6 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 330MW UT WOS:000257947500007 PM 18455916 ER PT J AU Wolbarst, AB Griggs, J Lee, HN Ren, T Hudson, T White, JD Zhu, C AF Wolbarst, Anthony B. Griggs, John Lee, H. N. Ren, Tianshan Hudson, Tonya White, Jacolyn D. Zhu, Changshou TI Comparison of environmental radiation monitoring programs in China and the United States SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE air sampling; contamination; environmental; emergencies; radiological; environmental assessment ID SURFACE AIR; AEROSOLS; FALLOUT; BERYLLIUM-7; TRANSPORT; ACCIDENT; NITROGEN; PB-210; MAWSON AB The monitoring of environmental radiation has been carried out across the United States by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's RadNet (formerly the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System, ERAMS) and the Global Network Program (GNP) of the Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML), and in the People's Republic of China (PRC) by their National Radioactivity Contamination Monitoring System (NRCMS). It is expected that an awareness of the similarities and differences in the structure and operation of these programs will prove helpful to both countries and perhaps others as they continue to develop their monitoring capabilities. C1 [Wolbarst, Anthony B.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Hlth Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Griggs, John; Hudson, Tonya] US EPA, NAREL, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. [Lee, H. N.] US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. [Ren, Tianshan; Zhu, Changshou] China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. [White, Jacolyn D.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Wolbarst, AB (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Hlth Sci, Wethington 209D,900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM wolbarst.anthony@uky.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000305823.17036.b3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 300MP UT WOS:000255828200001 PM 18469583 ER PT J AU Sun, K Budd, G McLemore, S Field, RW AF Sun, Kainan Budd, Gregory McLemore, Steven Field, R. William TI Blind testing of commercially available short-term radon detectors SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radon; Rn-222; detector; radiation; quality assurance ID RESIDENTIAL RADON; LUNG-CANCER; ACTIVATED CARBON; ADSORPTION; RN-222; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY AB A sample (if commercially available, charcoal adsorption type, short-term radon detectors was blind tested under controlled laboratory conditions in order to obtain a "snapshot" of the accuracy and precision of the detectors. The results of the controlled exposures were then compared to a previous field study of the same type of commercially available radon detectors. Radon detectors, purchased from seven different commercial vendors, were exposed to a reference Rn-222 gas concentration at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Radon Chamber located at the Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada. EPA Test 1 was performed under a controlled simulated field exposure paralleling, to the extent possible, the previous actual field exposure conditions. A second controlled exposure, EPA Test 2, was performed under a relatively steady state of 222Rn gas concentration, at the same temperature, but a more moderate relative humidity. In the previous field setting evaluation of detectors, five out of six companies tested did not pass the accuracy guideline (all individual relative errors <= 25%) established during the EPA's former Radon Measurement Proficiency Program (EPA-RMPP). As compared to the field test, the detectors in this study generally exhibited better accuracy and precision. Not surprisingly, it appeared temporal fluctuations in radon concentrations and increased humidity had a negative influence on the accuracy and precision of detectors for some companies. The inability of three out of seven companies to meet former EPA-RMPP guidelines for accuracy, even under ideal exposure conditions (constant temperature, humidity, and radon concentration), highlights the importance of blind testing commercially available radon detectors. Furthermore, the consistent over-reporting or under-reporting trends in the overall results for all three tests suggest a potentially widespread systematic bias for the individual companies that merits further investigation. It is unknown if this one-time "snapshot" represents the overall reliability of commercially available charcoal-based radon detectors. Nonetheless, the findings suggest the need for improved vigilance to assure that the public can rely on commercially available radon detectors to make an informed decision whether or not to perform additional testing or to mitigate. C1 [Field, R. William] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sun, Kainan] Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Budd, Gregory] US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [McLemore, Steven] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Field, RW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 104 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM bill-field@uiowa.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 85942]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 05605]; NIOSH CDC HHS [T42 OH 008491] NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 6 BP 548 EP 557 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000309764.46086.23 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 300MP UT WOS:000255828200006 PM 18469588 ER PT J AU Iossifova, Y Reponen, T Sucharew, H Succop, P Vesper, S AF Iossifova, Y. Reponen, T. Sucharew, H. Succop, P. Vesper, S. TI Use of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentrations in dust as a surrogate method for estimating specific fungal exposures SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE fungi; (1-3)-beta-D-glucan; QPCR; indoor; factor analysis ID IN-HOUSE DUST; INDOOR AIR FUNGI; HOME CHARACTERISTICS; CELL-WALL; (1->3)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; INFANTS; ENDOTOXIN; RHINITIS; ALLERGY; ASTHMA AB Indoor exposure to fungi has been associated with respiratory symptoms, often attributed to their cell wall component, (1-3)-beta-D-glucan. Performing (1-3)-beta-D-glucan analysis is less time consuming and labor intensive than cultivation or microscopic counting of fungal spores. This has prompted many to use (1-3)-beta-D-glucan as a surrogate for fungal exposure. The aim of this study was to examine which indoor fungal species are major contributors to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in field dust samples. We used the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) method to analyze 36 indoor fungal species in 297 indoor dust samples. These samples were also simultaneously analyzed for (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration using the endpoint chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay. Linear regression analysis, followed by factor analysis and structural equation modeling, were utilized in order to identify fungal species that mostly contribute to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in field dust samples. The study revealed that Cladosporium and Aspergillus genera, as well as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium brevicompactum and Wallemia sebi were the most important contributors to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan content of these home dust samples. The species that contributed most to the (1-3)-beta-D-glucan concentration were also the most prevalent in indoor environments. However, Alternaria alternata, a common fungal species in indoor dust, did not seem to be a significant source of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan. C1 [Iossifova, Y.; Reponen, T.; Sucharew, H.; Succop, P.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Vesper, S.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Reponen, T (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM reponeta@ucmail.uc.edu RI Sucharew, Heidi/M-4338-2015 FU PHS HHS [T42/CCT510420] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00526.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 298TM UT WOS:000255710000006 PM 18429996 ER PT J AU Blood-Siegfried, J Rambaud, C Nyska, A Germolec, DR AF Blood-Siegfried, Jane Rambaud, Caroline Nyska, Abraham Germolec, Dori R. TI Evidence for infection, inflammation and shock in sudden infant death: parallels between a neonatal rat model of sudden death and infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome SO INNATE IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; organ shock; sudden infant death syndrome; SIDS; thymic involution ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; SYNDROME SIDS; CHILDHOOD; APOPTOSIS; ENDOTOXIN; THYMUS; RISK; PUPS AB This study compared pathological findings from a neonatal rat model of sudden death with those from 40 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants collected at autopsy. In the rat model, influenza A virus was administered intranasally on postnatal day 10, and on day 12 a sublethal, intraperitoneal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin; mortality was 80%. Tissue samples from the animals and infants were fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissues from the SIDS specimens were additionally cultured for bacteria and viruses; post-mortem blood samples were evaluated for signs of inflammation. All sections were examined by a pediatric forensic pathologist familiar with SIDS pathology. Comparisons between the rat model and the human SIDS cases revealed that both exhibited gross and microscopic pathology related to organ shock, possibly associated with the presence of endotoxin. Uncompensated shock appeared to be a likely factor that caused death in both infants and rat pups. Response to a shock-inducing event might have played an important role in the events leading to death. The similarities between the neonatal rats and the human cases indicate that further research with the model might elucidate additional aspects of SIDS pathology. C1 [Blood-Siegfried, Jane] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Rambaud, Caroline] Hop Raymond Poincare, Serv Med Legale, Garches, France. [Blood-Siegfried, Jane; Nyska, Abraham; Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Blood-Siegfried, J (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Box 3322, Durham, NC 27707 USA. EM blood002@mc.duke.edu OI Blood-Siegfried, Jane/0000-0003-1926-9758 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1753-4259 J9 INNATE IMMUN JI Innate Immun. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1177/1753425908090730 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA 328ST UT WOS:000257818800002 PM 18562573 ER PT J AU Pleil, JD Hubbard, HF Sobus, JR Sawyer, K Madden, MC AF Pleil, Joachim D. Hubbard, Heidi F. Sobus, Jon R. Sawyer, Keegan Madden, Michael C. TI Volatile polar metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC): collection and analysis SO JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Environmental exposures, individual activities and disease states can perturb normal metabolic processes and be expressed as a change in the patterns of polar volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) present in biological fluids. We explore the measurement of volatile endogenous biomarkers to infer previous exposures to complex mixtures of environmental stressors. It is difficult to extract such compounds for ultra-trace level analysis due to their high solubility in water, especially when assaying complex liquid biological media such as exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Existing methods tend to be limited in sample volume processed and restricted in sample throughput. We have developed an alternative passive extraction method wherein a 2 ml sample is injected into a 75 ml glass bulb creating a small pool of liquid; a standard Tenax (R) sampling tube is inserted above the fluid and allowed to equilibrate with the headspace for similar to 24 h. The biomarker compounds are preferentially transferred by diffusion from the aqueous sample onto the Tenax (R) adsorbent; blanks and calibration samples are similarly processed. Numerous samples can be simultaneously prepared and stored awaiting routine analysis for a suite of alcohols and aldehydes using thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We have optimized the procedures and estimated the sensitivity, precision and extraction efficiency resulting from the preparation and analytical procedures using synthetic samples. We subsequently demonstrated the method using anonymous biological specimens of EBC from healthy adults. The ultimate goal is to develop normal ranges and patterns for PVOCs to infer population-based environmental health states with simple spot measurements based on outlier determinations. C1 [Pleil, Joachim D.; Hubbard, Heidi F.; Sobus, Jon R.] US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sobus, Jon R.; Sawyer, Keegan] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Madden, Michael C.] US EPA, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleil.joachim@epa.gov OI Pleil, Joachim/0000-0001-8211-0796 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1752-7155 J9 J BREATH RES JI J. Breath Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 AR 026001 DI 10.1088/1752-7155/2/2/026001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Respiratory System GA V13WC UT WOS:000207695900002 PM 21383442 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Knoebl, I Larkin, P Miracle, AL Carter, BJ Denslow, ND Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, D. L. Knoebl, I. Larkin, P. Miracle, A. L. Carter, B. J. Denslow, N. D. Ankley, G. T. TI Altered gene expression in the brain and liver of female fathead minnows Pimephales promelas Rafinesque exposed to fadrozole SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatase inhibitor; cholesterol; endocrine disruption; fish; transcriptomics; vitellogenin ID MESSENGER-RNA; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; TELEOST FISH; AROMATASE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; BIOSYNTHESIS; REPRODUCTION; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB The fathead minnow Pimephales promelas is a small fish species widely used for ecotoxicology research and regulatory testing in North America. This study used a 2000 gene oligonucleotide microarray to evaluate the effects of the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on gene expression in the liver and brain tissue of exposed females. Reproductive measures, plasma vitellogenin and gene expression data for the brain isoform of aromatase (cytP19B), vitellogenin precursors and transferrin provided evidence supporting the efficacy of the fadrozole exposure. Unsupervised analysis of the microarray results identified 20 genes in brain and 41 in liver as significantly up-regulated and seven genes in brain and around 45 in liver as significantly down-regulated. Differentially expressed genes were associated with a broad spectrum of biological functions, many with no obvious relationship to aromatase inhibition. However, in brain, fadrozole exposure elicited significant up-regulation of several genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis, suggesting it as a potentially affected pathway. Gene ontology-based analysis of expression changes in liver suggested overall down-regulation of protein biosynthesis. While real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses supported some of the microarray responses, others could not be verified. Overall, results of this study provide a foundation for developing novel hypotheses regarding the system-wide effects of fadrozole, and other chemical stressors with similar modes of action, on fish biology. Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Villeneuve, D. L.; Ankley, G. T.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Knoebl, I.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Larkin, P.] Santa Fe Community Coll, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. [Miracle, A. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Carter, B. J.] EcoArray, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. [Denslow, N. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Denslow, N. D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2281 EP 2340 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01897.x PG 60 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 311YI UT WOS:000256635900011 ER PT J AU Grigorovich, IA Kelly, JR Darling, JA West, CW AF Grigorovich, Igor A. Kelly, John R. Darling, John A. West, Corlis W. TI The quagga mussel invades the Lake Superior basin SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE quagga mussel; Dreissena bugensis; Dreissena rostriformis; identification; non-indigenous species; range expansion; dispersal; Lake Superior; Duluth-Superior Harbor ID LOWER GREAT-LAKES; DREISSENA-BUGENSIS; MYTILOPSIS-LEUCOPHAEATA; SHELL MORPHOLOGY; ZEBRA MUSSELS; POLYMORPHA; BIVALVIA; IDENTIFICATION; INVASION; DNA AB Prior studies recognized the presence of a single dreissenid species in Lake Superior-the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. However, taxonomic keys based on traditional shell morphology are not always able to differentiate dreissenid species with confidence. We thus employed genetic and morphological analyses to identify dreissenids in a major river-embayment of Lake Superior-the lower St. Louis River/Duluth-Superior Harbor-during 2005-2006. Our results revealed the presence of a second dreissenid species-the quagga mussel D. bugensis (alternatively known as D. rostriformis bugensis). Both species occurred in mixed clusters, in which zebra mussels outnumbered quagga mussels (20-160:1). The largest quagga mussel collected in 2005 was 26.5 mm long and estimated to be two years old, suggesting that the initial introduction occurred no later than 2003. Further monitoring is necessary to determine whether the quagga mussel will colonize Lake Superior. Our results indicate that the coupling of conventional morphological and molecular approaches is essential for monitoring dreissenid species. C1 [Kelly, John R.; West, Corlis W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Grigorovich, Igor A.] Wilson Environm Labs Inc, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. [Darling, John A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kelly, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM kelly.johnr@epa.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[342:TQMITL]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 321YI UT WOS:000257342000012 ER PT J AU Karn, B AF Karn, Barbara TI The road to green nanotechnology SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Karn, B (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Mail Stop 8722F,1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Karn.Barbara@epa.gov NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00045.x PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352VJ UT WOS:000259525200002 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS AF Cooper, Glinda S. TI Occupational exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: Continued advances and opportunities for research SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; PARTICULATE MATTER; SILICOSIS; ASBESTOS; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; MEN C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8601-P 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 950 EP 952 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 310BM UT WOS:000256503900002 PM 18528947 ER PT J AU Young, DR Clinton, PJ Specht, DT DeWitt, TH Lee, H AF Young, D. R. Clinton, P. J. Specht, D. T. DeWitt, T. H. Lee, H., II TI Monitoring the expanding distribution of nonindigenous dwarf eelgrass Zostera japonica in a Pacific Northwest USA estuary using high resolution digital aerial orthophotography SO JOURNAL OF SPATIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial; orthophotography; imagery; classification; eelgrass; Zostera japonica; estuary ID SEAGRASS ZOSTERA; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRABS; WASHINGTON; ABUNDANCE; ASCHERS; CANADA; GRAEBN; COAST AB The paper describes a method of mapping the intertidal distribution of the nonindigenous seagrass Zostera japonica in a Pacific Northwest (PNW) USA estuary from color infrared aerial orthophotography using a hybrid digital classification technique. A random ground survey indicated an overall accuracy exceeding 80 percent for this procedure in the lower estuary, where this invasive species may interfere with mudflat foraging of the commercially important Dungeness crab. Knowledge of the areal distribution of Z. japonica from this digital classification will aid in planning studies to evaluate impacts of expansion of the nonindigenous seagrass in PNW estuaries. C1 [Young, D. R.; Clinton, P. J.; Specht, D. T.; DeWitt, T. H.; Lee, H., II] US EPA, ORD NHEERL WED Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Young, DR (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL WED Pacific Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM young.david@epa.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPATIAL SCIENCES INST PI EAST PERTH PA GPO BOX 6836, EAST PERTH, WA 6892, AUSTRALIA SN 1449-8596 J9 J SPAT SCI JI J. Spat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1080/14498596.2008.9635138 PG 11 WC Geology; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA 335PR UT WOS:000258303000009 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Spicer, CW Holdren, MW Cowen, KA Laskin, A Harris, DB Shores, RC Kagann, R Hashmonay, R AF Cheng, Meng-Dawn Corporan, Edwin DeWitt, Matthew J. Spicer, Chester W. Holdren, Michael W. Cowen, Kenneth A. Laskin, Alex Harris, David B. Shores, Richard C. Kagann, Robert Hashmonay, Ram TI Emissions of military cargo aircraft: Description of a joint field measurement strategic environmental research and development program SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; TURBINE-ENGINES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; LUNG INJURY; EXHAUST; MORTALITY; AEROSOLS AB To develop effective air quality control strategies for military air bases, there is a need to accurately quantify these emissions. In support of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program project, the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous emissions from two T56 engines on a parked C-130 aircraft were characterized at the Kentucky Air National Guard base in Louisville, KY. Conventional and research-grade instrumentation and methodology were used in the field campaign during the first week of October 2005. Particulate emissions were sampled at the engine exit plane and at 15 m downstream. In addition, remote sensing of the gaseous species was performed via spectroscopic techniques at 5 and 15 In downstream of the engine exit. It was found that PM mass and number concentrations measured at 15-m downstream locations, after dilution-correction generally agreed well with those measured at the engine exhaust plane; however, higher variations were observed in the far-field after natural dilution of the downstream measurements was accounted for. Using carbon dioxide-normalized data we demonstrated that gas species measurements by extractive and remote sensing techniques agreed reasonably well. C1 [Cheng, Meng-Dawn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Corporan, Edwin] WPAFB Res Lab, Fuels Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [DeWitt, Matthew J.] UDRI, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH USA. [Spicer, Chester W.; Holdren, Michael W.; Cowen, Kenneth A.] BSTI, Columbus, OH USA. [Laskin, Alex] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Pacific NW Div, Richmond, VA USA. [Harris, David B.; Shores, Richard C.] US EPA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kagann, Robert; Hashmonay, Ram] Arcadis Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengmd@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 6 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.6.787 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310TY UT WOS:000256554500004 PM 18581808 ER PT J AU Dunson, DB Herring, AH Engel, SM AF Dunson, David B. Herring, Amy H. Engel, Stephanie M. TI Bayesian selection and clustering of polymorphisms in functionally related genes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; clustering; Dirichlet process; genetic association; hierarchical regression; multiple testing; nonparametric Bayes; single nucleotide polymorphisms; sparse regression ID CYTOKINE POLYMORPHISMS; NONPARAMETRIC PROBLEMS; MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; DIRICHLET PROCESSES; VARIABLE SELECTION; MICROARRAY DATA; REGRESSION; INFERENCE; MODELS; PROBABILITY AB In epidemiologic studies, there is often interest in assessing the relationship between polymorphisms in functionally related genes and a health outcome. For each candidate gene, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are collected at a number of locations, resulting in a large number of possible genotypes. Because instabilities can result in analyses that include all the SNPs, dimensionality is typically reduced by conducting single SNP analyses or attempting to identify haplotypes. This article proposes an alternative Bayesian approach for reducing dimensionality. A multilevel Dirichlet process prior is used for the distribution of the SNP-specific regression coefficients within genes, incorporating a variable selection-type mixture structure to allow SNPs with no effect. This structure allows simultaneous selection of important SNPs and soft clustering of SNPs having similar impact on the health outcome. The methods are illustrated using data from a study of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and spontaneous preterm birth. C1 [Dunson, David B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Herring, Amy H.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Engel, Stephanie M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Dunson, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dunson1@niehs.nih.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 103 IS 482 BP 534 EP 546 DI 10.1198/016214507000000554 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 329VA UT WOS:000257897500012 ER PT J AU Blocksom, KA Autrey, BC Passmore, M Reynolds, L AF Blocksom, Karen A. Autrey, Bradley C. Passmore, Margaret Reynolds, Lou TI A comparison of single and multiple habitat protocols for collecting macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE method comparability; environmental indicators; assemblage sampling; rapid bioassessment protocols; invertebrates; low gradient streams ID BIOASSESSMENT METHODS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SAMPLING METHODS; QUALITY; MODELS; INDEX AB In 2003, we compared two benthic macroinvertebrate sampling methods that are used for rapid biological assessment of wadeable streams. A single habitat method using kick sampling in riffles and runs was compared to a multiple habitat method that sampled all available habitats in proportion of occurrence. Both methods were performed side-by-side at 41 sites in lower gradient streams of the Piedmont and Northern Piedmont ecoregions of the United States, where riffle habitat is less abundant. Differences in sampling methods were examined using similarity indices, two multimetric indices [the family-level Virginia Stream Condition Index (VSCI) and the species-level Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII)], their component metrics, and bioassessment endpoints based on each index. Index scores were highly correlated between single and multiple habitat field methods, and sampling method comparability, based on comparison of similarities between and within sampling methods, was particularly high for species level data. The VSCI scores and values of most of its component metrics were not significantly higher for one particular method, but relationships between single and multiple habitat values were highly variable for percent Ephemeroptera, percent chironomids, and percent Plecoptera and Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae excluded). A similar level of variability in the relationship was observed for the MBII and most of its metrics, but Ephemeroptera richness, percent individuals in the dominant five taxa, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index scores all exhibited differences in values between single and multiple habitat field methods. When applied to multiple habitat samples, the MBII exhibited greater precision, higher index scores, and higher assessment categories than when applied to single habitat samples at the same sites. In streams with limited or no riffle habitats, the multiple habitat method should provide an adequate sample for biological assessment, and at sites with abundant riffle habitat, little difference would be expected between the single and multiple habitat field methods. Thus, in geographic areas with a wide variety of stream types, the multiple habitat method may be more desirable. Even so, the variability in the relationship between single and multiple habitat methods indicates that the data are not interchangeable, and we suggest that any change in sampling method should be accompanied by a recalibration of any existing assessment tool (e. g., multimetric index) with data collected using the new method, regardless of taxonomic level. C1 [Blocksom, Karen A.; Autrey, Bradley C.; Passmore, Margaret; Reynolds, Lou] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. RP Blocksom, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM blocksom.karen@epa.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 577 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00183.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 302BY UT WOS:000255945000004 ER PT J AU Van Sickle, J AF Van Sickle, John TI An index of compositional dissimilarity between observed and expected assemblages SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE predictive model; bioassessment; O/E; reference condition; macroinvertebrate assemblage ID FRESH-WATER FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; PREDICTIVE MODELS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; RARE TAXA; BIOASSESSMENT; QUALITY; STREAMS; ASSESSMENTS AB The reference-condition approach to bioassessment often uses the observed / expected (O/E) ratio to indicate anthropogenic alteration of aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish, or periphyton assemblages. Given a list of taxa found at >= 1 minimally disturbed reference sites, E is the number of those taxa that would expected in a sampled assemblage if the sampled stream were in reference condition, and O is the number of those taxa observed in the sample. An O/E value significantly <1.0 indicates that a stream has lost taxa relative to its reference-condition expectation, possibly because of anthropogenic stress. However, the O/E index can be insensitive to stress-induced shifts in taxonomic composition that leave assemblage richness unchanged. As an alternative to O/E, I propose using BC, an adaptation of Bray-Curtis distance, to measure the compositional dissimilarity between an observed and expected assemblage directly. I compared the performance of BC and O/E at 5685 stream and lake sites throughout the contiguous 48 states of the US using 1 of 10 River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification system (RIVPACS)-type models to predict expected assemblages. Percentages of independently determined nonreference sites that were declared to be nonreference by BC exceeded the percentage declared to be nonreference by O/E by an average of 6 to 16 percentage points, depending on whether the 2 indices included low-probability taxa, whether a 1-sided or 2-sided O/E criterion was used to declare nonreference, and whether predictive or null models were used to predict expected assemblages. Correlations between BC scores and anthropogenic stressor variables were stronger than correlations between O/E scores and anthropogenic stressor variables in 18 of 25 cases. In contrast to O/E, BC can include low-probability taxa without reducing its power to detect nonreference conditions. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Van Sickle, J (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM vansickle.john@epa.gov NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1899/07-111.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200001 ER PT J AU Cope, WG Bringolf, RB Buchwalter, DB Newton, TJ Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Augspurger, T Dwyer, FJ Barnhart, MC Neves, RJ Hammer, E AF Cope, W. Gregory Bringolf, Robert B. Buchwalter, David B. Newton, Teresa J. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Wang, Ning Augspurger, Tom Dwyer, F. James Barnhart, M. Christopher Neves, Richard J. Hammer, Edward TI Differential exposure, duration, and sensitivity of unionoidean bivalve life stages to environmental contaminants SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; habitat; pollution; Unionidae; water quality ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; UNIONID MUSSELS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; QUALITY GUIDANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOCHIDIA AB Freshwater mussels (superfamily Unionoidea) are in serious global decline and in urgent need of protection and conservation. The declines have been attributed to a wide array of human activities resulting in pollution and water-quality degradation, and habitat destruction and alteration. Linkages among poor water quality, pollutant sources, and mussel decline in rivers and streams have been associated with results of laboratory-based tests of specific pollutants. However, uncertainties remain about the relationship of laboratory data to actual contaminant exposure routes for various mussel species, life stages, and in the habitats occupied during these exposures. We evaluated the pathways of exposure to environmental pollutants for all 4 life stages (free glochidia, encysted glochidia, juveniles, adults) of unionoidean mussels and found that each life stage has both common and. unique characteristics that contribute to observed differences in exposure and sensitivity. Free glochiclia typically are exposed only briefly (e.g., seconds to days) through surface water, whereas adults sustain exposure over years to decades through surface water, pore water, sediment, and diet. juveniles live largely burrowed in the sediment for the first 0 to 4 y of life. Thus, sediment, pore water, and diet are the predominant exposure routes for this life stage, but surface water also might contribute to exposure during certain periods and environmental conditions. The obligate parasitic stage (encysted glochidia stage) on a host fish might be exposed from surface water while partially encysted or from toxicants in host-fish tissue while fully encysted. Laboratory methods for testing for acute and chronic exposures in water have advanced, and toxicant-specific information has increased in recent years. However, additional research is needed to understand interactions of life history; habitat, and long-term exposure to contaminants through water, pore water, sediment, and diet so that the risks of environmental exposures can be properly assessed and managed. C1 [Cope, W. Gregory; Bringolf, Robert B.; Buchwalter, David B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Dwyer, F. James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Barnhart, M. Christopher] SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Neves, Richard J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hammer, Edward] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_cope@ncsu.edu; robert_bringolf@ncsu.edu; david_buchwalter@ncsu.edu; tnewton@usgs.gov; cingersoll@usgs.gov; nwang@usgs.gov; tom_augspurger@fws.gov; jim_dwyer@fws.gov; chrisbarnhart@missouristate.edu; mussel@vt.edu; hammer.edward@epa.gov OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 32 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1899/07-094.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200017 ER PT J AU Siefring, S Varma, M Atikovic, E Wymer, L Haugland, RA AF Siefring, S. Varma, M. Atikovic, E. Wymer, L. Haugland, R. A. TI Improved real-time PCR assays for the detection of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters with different instrument and reagent systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE assays; bacteroidetes; enterococcus; instruments; PCR; real-time ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; QUALITY; PROJECT AB Previously reported and redesigned primer and probe assays were evaluated for the quantitative analysis of the fecal indicator bacterial groups, Enterococcus and Bacteroidetes with three real-time PCR instrument and reagent systems. The efficiency and sensitivity of the original assays varied between systems in analyses of DNA extracts from pure cultures of Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides fragilis, whereas the modified assays gave more consistent results. Distinctions between original and modified assays also occurred in analyses of known spike levels of E faecalis and B. fragilis cells on filters with diverse surface water retentates. Percentages of samples causing PCR failures due to inhibition were lower using the modified assays. The accuracy and precision of spiked bacteria measurements were also generally higher, although mean measurements of both target organisms were still significantly different between systems (p < 0.05). The accuracy and precision of spiked bacteria measurements by both modified assays were further improved using a new sample matrix control spike consisting of cultured Lactococcus lactis cells and a reference assay for this organism. Corrections provided by the L. lactis assay eliminated significant differences in E. faecalis measurements between all three systems and between two of the three systems in B. fragilis measurements. C1 [Siefring, S.; Varma, M.; Atikovic, E.; Wymer, L.; Haugland, R. A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov NR 23 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.2166/wh.2008.022 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 303QE UT WOS:000256054700008 PM 18209285 ER PT J AU Grim, KC McCutchan, T Sullivan, M Cranfield, MR AF Grim, K. Christiana McCutchan, Thomas Sullivan, Margery Cranfield, Michael R. TI Unidentified plasmodium species in Australian black swans (Cygnus atratus) hatched and raised in North America SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; Australian black swan; Cygnus atratus; Plasmodium ID PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-DEMERSUS; AVIAN MALARIA; PARASITE; IDENTIFICATION; MORTALITY; ELONGATUM AB A pair of Australian black swans (Cygnus atratus) with origins in Wakefield, Virginia, USA, was admitted to the quarantine area at the Baltimore Zoo for general health assessments before housing in the collections. During the quarantine period, no clinical signs of disease were manifest; however, upon examination of a blood smear, intra-erythrocytic parasites were detected and initially determined to be Haemoproteus species. Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing results, however, indicated that the parasites were within the genus Plasmodium. Subclinical infections with Plasmodium species in birds may affect collection management, and transmission from refractory hosts to susceptible hosts should be considered when multispecies exhibits are used. In addition, changes in the dynamics of host-vector-parasite interactions might have significant impacts on wild or domesticated populations of birds. C1 [Grim, K. Christiana; McCutchan, Thomas; Sullivan, Margery] NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20822 USA. [Cranfield, Michael R.] Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. [Cranfield, Michael R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Grim, KC (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave,NW,Ariel Rios 7203M, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM grim.christiana@epa.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1638/2007-0110R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 304JR UT WOS:000256106300010 PM 18634212 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Zhu, J Cantwell, M Olsen, CR AF Wilson, Brittan Zhu, Jun Cantwell, Mark Olsen, Curtis R. TI Short-term dynamics and retention of Triclosan in the lower Hudson River Estuary SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WIDELY USED BIOCIDE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; ENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENTS; FATE C1 [Wilson, Brittan; Zhu, Jun; Olsen, Curtis R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Cantwell, Mark] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, NHEERL, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM bawilson13@gmail.com NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.017 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322LU UT WOS:000257377400037 PM 18455196 ER EF